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  • Genes  (91)
  • Chemistry
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (125)
  • 1980-1984  (125)
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  • 1
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    Cytochrome a3 structure in carbon monoxide-bound cytochrome oxidase (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-20
    Description: The iron-carbon monoxide stretching mode and the iron-carbon-oxygen bending mode in carbon monoxide-bound cytochrome oxidase have been assigned at 520 and 578 cm-1, respectively. The frequencies, widths, and intensities of these modes show that the Fe-C-O grouping in carbon monoxide-cytochrome a3 is linear but tilted from the normal to the heme plane; that the iron-histidine bond in both five- and six-coordinate cytochrome a3 is strained; and that the carbon monoxide and the proximal histidine each have characteristic, well-defined orientations in all molecules. These data can account for the binding affinities of carbon monoxide and dioxygen under physiological conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Argade, P V -- Ching, Y C -- Rousseau, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 20;225(4659):329-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6330890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Monoxide/metabolism ; Cattle ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*metabolism ; Myoglobin/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Homology of genome of AIDS-associated virus with genomes of human T-cell leukemia viruses (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: A T lymphotropic virus found in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or lymphadenopathy syndrome has been postulated to be the cause of AIDS. Immunological analysis of this retrovirus and its biological properties suggest that it is a member of the family of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses known as HTLV. Accordingly, it has been named HTLV-III. In the present report it is shown by nucleic acid hybridization that sequences of the genome of HTLV-III are homologous to the structural genes (gag, pol, and env) of both HTLV-I and HTLV-II and to a potential coding region called pX located between the env gene and the long terminal repeating sequence that is unique to the HTLV family of retroviruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arya, S K -- Gallo, R C -- Hahn, B H -- Shaw, G M -- Popovic, M -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):927-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dna ; DNA, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/classification/*genetics ; Genes ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; *Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Viral ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 3
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    Amphiphilic secondary structure: design of peptide hormones (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-20
    Description: Peptide synthesis can be used for elucidating the roles of secondary structures in the specificity of hormones, antigens, and toxins. Intermediate sized peptides with these activities assume amphiphilic secondary structures in the presence of membranes. When models are designed to optimize the amphiphilicity of the secondary structure, stronger interactions can be observed with the synthetic peptides than with the naturally occurring analogs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, E T -- Kezdy, F J -- HL-18577/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 20;223(4633):249-55.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6322295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoproteins ; Binding Sites ; Calcitonin ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Endorphins ; Glucagon ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone ; *Hormones/pharmacology ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Melitten ; Models, Structural ; *Peptides/chemical synthesis/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; beta-Endorphin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
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    A major human histone gene cluster on the long arm of chromosome 1 (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: A human histone gene cluster was assigned to chromosome 1 by Southern blot analysis of DNA's from a series of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids with 32P-labeled cloned human H4 and H3 histone DNA as probes. Localization of this histone gene cluster on the long arm of chromosome 1 was confirmed by in situ hybridization of this DNA probe to metaphase chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, L -- Van Antwerpen, R -- Stein, J -- Stein, G -- Tripputi, P -- Emanuel, B -- Selden, J -- Croce, C -- GM20138/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM20700/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM32010/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):838-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, 1-3 ; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; DNA/metabolism ; Genes ; Histones/*genetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 5
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    Fourier transform mass spectrometry (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-19
    Description: Fourier transform mass spectrometry will play an important role in the future because of its unique combination of high mass resolution, high upper mass limit, and multichannel advantage. These features have already found application in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, multiphoton ionization, laser desorption, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. However, its most notable feature is the ability to store ions. This characteristic, when combined with the others, will allow expeditious study of the interaction of gas-phase ions with both photons (photodissociation) and neutral molecules, and the convenient application of this fundamental information for chemical analysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gross, M L -- Rempel, D L -- 2-8423576/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 19;226(4672):261-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6385250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Fourier Analysis ; Ions ; Lasers ; *Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation/methods
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Studying enzyme mechanism by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: High-resolution carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of enzyme-inhibitor and enzyme-substrate complexes provide detailed structural and stereochemical information on the mechanism of enzyme action. The proteases trypsin and papain are shown to form tetrahedrally coordinated complexes and acyl derivatives with a variety of compounds artificially enriched at the site or sites of interest. These results are compared with the structural information derived from x-ray diffraction. Detailed NMR studies have provided a clearer picture of the ionization state of the residues participating in enzyme-catalyzed processes than other more classical techniques. The dynamics of enzymic catalysis can be observed at sub-zero temperatures by a combination of cryoenzymology and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. With these powerful techniques, transient, covalently bound intermediates in enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be detected and their structures rigorously assigned.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mackenzie, N E -- Malthouse, J P -- Scott, A I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):883-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6433481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Carbon Isotopes ; Carboxypeptidases/metabolism ; Carboxypeptidases A ; Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Coenzymes/*metabolism ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; Freezing ; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Papain/metabolism ; Pepsin A/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors ; Pterins/metabolism ; Pyridoxal Phosphate/metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases
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  • 7
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    What is the risk from chlorofluorocarbons? (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maugh, T H 2nd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 9;223(4640):1051-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Air Pollutants ; *Atmosphere ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane ; Free Radicals ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; *Ozone ; Photochemistry ; Risk ; Singlet Oxygen ; Trichloroethanes ; Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 8
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    Pyrolysis mass spectrometry of complex organic materials (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-19
    Description: Pyrolysis mass spectrometry in combination with computerized multivariate statistical analysis enables qualitative and quantitative analysis of nonvolatile organic materials containing molecular assemblies of a complexity and size far beyond the capabilities of direct mass spectrometry. The state of the art in pyrolysis mass spectrometry techniques is illustrated through specific applications, including structural determination and quality control of synthetic polymers, quantitative analysis of polymer mixtures, classification and structural characterization of fossil organic matter, and nonsupervised numerical extraction of component patterns from complex biological samples.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meuzelaar, H L -- Windig, W -- Harper, A M -- Huff, S M -- McClennen, W H -- Richards, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 19;226(4672):268-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6484572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemical Phenomena ; Biochemistry ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Coal ; Enterobacteriaceae/analysis/isolation & purification ; Hot Temperature ; Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Polymers
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  • 9
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    Repression of rearranged mu gene and translocated c-myc in mouse 3T3 cells X Burkitt lymphoma cell hybrids (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-04-27
    Description: The productively rearranged immunoglobulin mu chain gene and the translocated cellular oncogene c-myc are transcribed at high levels both in human Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying the t(8;14) chromosome translocation and in mouse plasmacytoma X Burkitt lymphoma cell hybrids. In the experiments reported here these genes were found to be repressed in mouse 3T3 fibroblast X Burkitt lymphoma cell hybrids. Such repression probably occurs at the transcriptional level since no human mu- and c-myc messenger RNA's are detectable in hybrid clones carrying the corresponding genes. It is therefore concluded that the ability to express these genes requires a differential B cell environment. The results suggest that the 3T3 cell assay may not be suitable to detect oncogenes directly involved in human B cell oncogenesis, since 3T3 cells apparently are incapable of transcribing an oncogene that is highly active in malignant B cells with specific chromosomal translocations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nishikura, K -- ar-Rushdi, A -- Erikson, J -- DeJesus, E -- Dugan, D -- Croce, C M -- CA 09171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 31060/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 27;224(4647):399-402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6424234" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Burkitt Lymphoma/*genetics ; Fibroblasts ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/*metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Mice ; *Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Translocation, Genetic
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  • 10
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    Lariat RNA's as intermediates and products in the splicing of messenger RNA precursors (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: The splicing of messenger RNA precursors in vitro proceeds through an intermediate that has the 5' end of the intervening sequence joined to a site near the 3' splice site. This lariat structure, which has been characterized for an adenovirus 2 major late transcript, has a branch point, with 2'-5' and 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds emanating from a single adenosine residue. The excised intervening sequence retains the branch site and terminates in a guanosine residue with a 3' hydroxyl group. The phosphate group at the splice junction between the two exons originates from the 3' splice site at the precursor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Padgett, R A -- Konarska, M M -- Grabowski, P J -- Hardy, S F -- Sharp, P A -- P01-CA14051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA26717/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM32467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):898-903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6206566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviruses, Human/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Precursors/analysis/*metabolism ; Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; RNA/analysis/*metabolism ; RNA Precursors ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/*metabolism ; RNA, Viral/analysis/*metabolism
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  • 11
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    Nucleotide sequences of the human and mouse atrial natriuretic factor genes (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-07
    Description: Mouse and human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) genes have been cloned and their nucleotide sequences determined. Each ANF gene consists of three coding blocks separated by two intervening sequences. The 5' flanking sequences and those encoding proANF are highly conserved between the two species, while the intervening sequences and 3' untranslated regions are not. The conserved sequences 5' of the gene may play an important role in the regulation of ANF gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seidman, C E -- Bloch, K D -- Klein, K A -- Smith, J A -- Seidman, J G -- AI-18436/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL-070208/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1206-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6542248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Heart Atria/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Natriuretic Agents ; Protein Precursors/genetics ; Proteins/*genetics ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
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  • 12
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    Neuropeptides: mediators of behavior in Aplysia (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-21
    Description: The Aplysia neuroendocrine system is a particularly advantageous model for cellular and molecular studies because of the relatively small number and large size of its component neurons. Recombinant DNA techniques have been used to isolate the genes that encode the precursors of peptides expressed in identified neurons of known function. The organization and developmental expression of these genes have been examined in detail. Several of the genes encode precursors of multiple biologically active peptides that are expressed in cells which also contain classical transmitters. These studies, as well as immunohistochemical studies and the use of intracellular recording and voltage clamp techniques are the first steps toward revealing the mechanisms by which neuropeptides govern simple behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheller, R H -- Kaldany, R R -- Kreiner, T -- Mahon, A C -- Nambu, J R -- Schaefer, M -- Taussig, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 21;225(4668):1300-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Female ; Ganglia/physiology ; Genes ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Neurons/physiology ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Reproduction
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  • 13
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    Plasmodium knowlesi sporozoite antigen: expression by infectious recombinant vaccinia virus (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-04-27
    Description: The gene coding for the circumsporozoite antigen of the malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi was inserted into the vaccinia virus genome under the control of a defined vaccinia virus promoter. Cells infected with the recombinant virus synthesized polypeptides of 53,000 to 56,000 daltons that reacted with monoclonal antibody against the repeating epitope of the malaria protein. Furthermore, rabbits vaccinated with the recombinant virus produced antibodies that bound specifically to sporozoites. These data provide evidence for expression of a cloned malaria gene in mammalian cells and illustrate the potential of vaccinia virus recombinants as live malaria vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, G L -- Godson, G N -- Nussenzweig, V -- Nussenzweig, R S -- Barnwell, J -- Moss, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 27;224(4647):397-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6200932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens, Surface/analysis/*genetics/immunology ; *Cloning, Molecular ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Epitopes/immunology ; Genes ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Vectors ; Operon ; Plasmodium/*genetics/immunology ; Rabbits ; Vaccination ; Vaccinia virus/*genetics
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  • 14
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    beta-Carotene: an unusual type of lipid antioxidant (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-11
    Description: The mechanism of lipid peroxidation and the manner in which antioxidants function is reviewed. beta-Carotene is a purported anticancer agent, which is believed by some to have antioxidant action of a radical-trapping type. However, definitive experimental support for such action has been lacking. New experiments in vitro show that beta-carotene belongs to a previously unknown class of biological antioxidants. Specifically, it exhibits good radical-trapping antioxidant behavior only at partial pressures of oxygen significantly less than 150 torr, the pressure of oxygen in normal air. Such low oxygen partial pressures are found in most tissues under physiological conditions. At higher oxygen pressures, beta-carotene loses its antioxidant activity and shows an autocatalytic, prooxidant effect, particularly at relatively high concentrations. Similar oxygen-pressure-dependent behavior may be shown by other compounds containing many conjugated double bonds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burton, G W -- Ingold, K U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 11;224(4649):569-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6710156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antioxidants/*metabolism ; Carotenoids/*metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Linoleic Acids/metabolism ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Partial Pressure ; Peroxides/metabolism ; Tetrahydronaphthalenes/metabolism ; beta Carotene
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  • 15
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    Phenylalanine transfer RNA: molecular dynamics simulation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-16
    Description: Yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA was subjected to a 12-picosecond molecular dynamics simulation. The principal features of the x-ray crystallographic analysis are reproduced, and the amplitudes of atomic displacements appear to be determined by the degree of exposure of the atoms. An analysis of the hydrogen bonds shows a correlation between the average length of a bond and the fluctuation in that length and reveals a rocking motion of bases in Watson-Crick guanine X cytosine base pairs. The in-plane motions of the bases are generally of larger amplitude than the out-of-plane motions, and there are correlations in the motions of adjacent bases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvey, S C -- Prabhakaran, M -- Mao, B -- McCammon, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 16;223(4641):1189-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6560785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Computers ; Cytosine ; Guanine ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *RNA, Fungal ; *RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl ; Yeasts/analysis
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  • 16
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    Reaction of the antitumor antibiotic CC-1065 with DNA: structure of a DNA adduct with DNA sequence specificity (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: Sequence-dependent variations in DNA revealed by x-ray crystallographic studies have suggested that certain DNA-reactive drugs may react preferentially with defined sequences in DNA. Drugs that wind around the helix and reside within one of the grooves of DNA have perhaps the greatest chance of recognizing sequence-dependent features of DNA. The antitumor antibiotic CC-1065 covalently binds through N-3 of adenine and resides within the minor groove of DNA. This drug overlaps with five base pairs for which a high sequence specificity exists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurley, L H -- Reynolds, V L -- Swenson, D H -- Petzold, G L -- Scahill, T A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):843-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/*metabolism ; *Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*metabolism ; *Indoles ; Leucomycins/*metabolism ; Molecular Conformation ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 17
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    Hemoglobin I mutation encoded at both alpha-globin loci on the same chromosome: concerted evolution in the human genome (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-21
    Description: Genetic analysis of an individual expressing an unexpectedly high level of hemoglobin I, an alpha-globin structural mutant, reveals that the mutation is present at both the alpha 1- and the alpha 2-globin gene loci. Kindred analysis confirms that the two affected genes are located in cis. The most likely explanation for this finding is that a recent conversion event occurred within the human alpha-globin gene cluster.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liebhaber, S A -- Rappaport, E F -- Cash, F E -- Ballas, S K -- Schwartz, E -- Surrey, S -- AM 16691/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 33975/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 28157/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 21;226(4681):1449-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Genes ; Globins/*genetics ; *Hemoglobins ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal/*genetics ; Humans ; *Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Recombination, Genetic
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  • 18
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    More on the T-cell receptor (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 30;226(4678):1065.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Genes ; Humans ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics
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  • 19
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    Evolution of proteolytic enzymes (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-04-27
    Description: Proteolytic enzymes have many physiological functions, ranging from generalized protein digestion to more specific regulated processes such as the activation of zymogens, blood coagulation and the lysis of fibrin clots, the release of hormones and pharmacologically active peptides from precursor proteins, and the transport of secretory proteins across membranes. They are present in all forms of living organisms. Comparisons of amino acid sequences, three-dimensional structures, and enzymatic reaction mechanisms of proteases indicate that there are distinct families of these proteins. Changes in molecular structure and function have accompanied the evolution of proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors, each having relatively simple roles in primitive organisms and more diverse and more complex functions in higher organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neurath, H -- GM-15731/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 27;224(4647):350-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6369538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; *Biological Evolution ; Blood Coagulation ; Chemistry, Physical ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Precursors/metabolism ; Genes ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Peptide Hydrolases/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Peptides/metabolism ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protease Inhibitors/analysis/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 20
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    Allylamine derivatives: new class of synthetic antifungal agents inhibiting fungal squalene epoxidase (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-15
    Description: A new class of synthetic antifungal agents, the allylamines , has been developed by modification of naftifine , a topical antimycotic. SF 86-327, the most effective of these compounds so far, is highly active in vitro against a wide range of fungi and exceeds clinical standards in the oral and topical treatment of guinea pig dermatophytoses. SF 86-327 is a powerful specific inhibitor of fungal squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in sterol biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petranyi, G -- Ryder, N S -- Stutz, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 15;224(4654):1239-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6547247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allylamine/analogs & derivatives/*chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Amines/*chemical synthesis ; Animals ; Antifungal Agents/*chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Dermatomycoses/drug therapy ; Fungi/*drug effects/enzymology ; Guinea Pigs ; Naphthalenes/chemical synthesis/pharmacology ; Oxygenases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Squalene Monooxygenase
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    Disulfide bond engineered into T4 lysozyme: stabilization of the protein toward thermal inactivation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-11-02
    Description: By recombinant DNA techniques, a disulfide bond was introduced at a specific site in T4 lysozyme, a disulfide-free enzyme. This derivative retained full enzymatic activity and was more stable toward thermal inactivation than the wild-type protein. The derivative, T4 lysozyme (Ile3----Cys), was prepared by substituting a Cys codon for an Ile codon at position 3 in the cloned lysozyme gene by means of oligonucleotide-dependent, site-directed mutagenesis. The new gene was expressed in Escherichia coli under control of the (trp-lac) hybrid tac promoter, and the protein was purified. Mild oxidation generated a disulfide bond between the new Cys3 and Cys97, one of the two unpaired cysteines of the native molecule. Oxidized T4 lysozyme (Ile3----Cys) exhibited specific activity identical to that of the wild-type enzyme when measured at 20 degrees C in a cell-clearing assay. The cross-linked protein was more stable than the wild type during incubation at elevated temperatures as determined by recovered enzymatic activity at 20 degrees C.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perry, L J -- Wetzel, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 2;226(4674):555-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6387910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; *Genetic Engineering ; Kinetics ; Muramidase/*genetics/metabolism ; Protein Denaturation
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    A nitrogen pressure of 50 atmospheres does not prevent evolution of hydrogen by nitrogenase (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-08
    Description: The effect of a partial pressure of nitrogen of 50 atmospheres (5065 kilopascals ) on the hydrogen evolution reaction of nitrogenase has been investigated. Evolution of hydrogen was not blocked completely by 50 atmospheres of nitrogen in any of four experiments; rather, 27.3 +/- 2.4 percent of the total electron flux through nitrogenase was directed toward production of hydrogen. The ratio of hydrogen evolved to nitrogen fixed was close to 1:1, which implies that hydrogen evolution is obligatory in the fixation of molecular nitrogen by nitrogenase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simpson, F B -- Burris, R H -- AI-00848/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 8;224(4653):1095-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6585956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Hydrogen ; *Nitrogen ; Nitrogen Fixation ; *Nitrogenase ; Partial Pressure
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  • 23
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    Duchenne muscular dystrophy involving translocation of the dmd gene next to ribosomal RNA genes (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-29
    Description: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked disorder leading to early death of affected males. Females with the disease are rare, but seven are known to be affected because of a chromosomal rearrangement involving a site at or near the dmd gene on the X chromosome. One of the seven has a translocation between the X and chromosome 21. The translocation-derived chromosomes from this patient have been isolated, and the translocation is shown to have split the block of genes encoding ribosomal RNA on the short arm of chromosome 21. Thus ribosomal RNA gene probes may be used to identify a junction fragment from the translocation site, allowing access to cloned segments of the X at or near the dmd gene and presenting a new approach to the study of this disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worton, R G -- Duff, C -- Sylvester, J E -- Schmickel, R D -- Willard, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 29;224(4656):1447-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Child ; DNA/genetics ; Female ; Genes ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Male ; Mice ; Muscular Dystrophies/*genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal/*genetics ; *Translocation, Genetic ; X Chromosome
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  • 24
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    Site-specific mutagenesis of the human interleukin-2 gene: structure-function analysis of the cysteine residues (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-29
    Description: The gene encoding human interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been cloned from human spleen cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the Jurkat cell line. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the gene revealed that the encoded IL-2 protein has three cysteines located at amino acid residues 58, 105, and 125 of the mature protein. Site-specific mutagenesis procedures were used to modify the IL-2 gene by changing each of the cysteine codons individually to serine codons. Substitution of serine for cysteine residues at either position 58 or 105 of the IL-2 protein substantially reduced biological activity, indicating that the cysteines at these positions are necessary for maintenance of the biologically active conformation and may therefore be linked by a disulfide bridge. The modified IL-2 protein containing a substitution at position 125 retained full biological activity, suggesting that the cysteine at this position is not involved in a disulfide bond and that a free sulfhydryl group at that position is not necessary for receptor binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, A -- Lu, S D -- Mark, D F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 29;224(4656):1431-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6427925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cysteine/metabolism ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Genes ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/*genetics ; *Mutation ; Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; Serine/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 25
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    Synthetic competitive antagonists of corticotropin-releasing factor: effect on ACTH secretion in the rat (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: Polypeptide analogs of the known members of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family were synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo for enhanced potency or competitive antagonism. Predictive methods and physicochemical measurements had suggested an internal secondary alpha-helical conformation spanning about 25 residues for at least three members of the CRF family. Maximization of alpha-helix-forming potential by amino acid substitutions from the native known sequences (rat/human and ovine CRF, sauvagine, and carp and sucker urotensin 1) led to the synthesis of an analog that was found to be more than twice as potent as either of the parent peptides in vitro. In contrast, certain amino-terminally shortened fragments, such as alpha-helical CRF or ovine CRF residues 8 to 41, 9 to 41, and 10 to 41, were found to be competitive inhibitors in vitro. Selected antagonists were examined and also found to be active in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rivier, J -- Rivier, C -- Vale, W -- AA03504/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- AM20917/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):889-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6326264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/secretion ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats
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  • 26
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    Sequence of the human somatostatin I gene (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-04-13
    Description: Two human genomic DNA fragments containing alleles for the gene coding for somatostatin I were isolated and sequenced. This gene contains a single intron that interrupts the coding sequence in the propeptide portion of the somatostatin moiety. The site of initiation of transcription of the gene was located by transcription experiments in HeLa cell extracts, and the putative regions for controlling the initiation of transcription were identified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, L P -- Rutter, W J -- AM 21344/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 13;224(4645):168-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6142531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Genes ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Somatostatin/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 27
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    Multiple mutations produce delta beta 0 thalassemia in Sardinia (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-03-02
    Description: In Sardinia the common form of beta thalassemia is a beta 0 thalassemia due to a nonsense mutation at codon 39. delta beta 0 Thalassemia is rare in Sardinia and is associated with increased production of hemoglobin F of the A gamma type. In this study we used a synthetic oligomer assay and detected the beta 39 nonsense mutation on the delta beta 0 thalassemia chromosome. Hence at least two different mutations have occurred on this chromosome; one that increases A gamma globin synthesis and another that silences the beta globin gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pirastu, M -- Kan, Y W -- Galanello, R -- Cao, A -- AM16666/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 2;223(4639):929-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6198720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosomes, Human ; Fetal Hemoglobin/genetics ; Genes ; Genotype ; Globins/*genetics ; Humans ; Italy ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Thalassemia/*genetics
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    Splice junctions: association with variation in protein structure (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: A comparison between eukaryotic gene sequences and protein sequences of homologous enzymes from bacterial and mammalian organisms shows that intron-exon junctions frequently coincide with variable surface loops of the protein structures. The altered surface structures can account for functional differences among the members of a family. Sliding of the intron-exon junctions may constitute one mechanism for generating length polymorphisms and divergent sequences found in protein families. Since intron-exon junctions map to protein surfaces, the alterations mediated by sliding of these junctions can be effected without disrupting the stability of the protein core.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Craik, C S -- Rutter, W J -- Fletterick, R -- AM21344/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM26081/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM28520/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1125-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6344214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; DNA/genetics ; Endopeptidases/genetics ; Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/*genetics ; *Serine Endopeptidases ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/genetics
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  • 29
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    Phase transition and crystal structure of the 37 degrees C form of cholesterol (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Crystalline cholesterol undergoes a phase transition a few degrees below human body temperature. The high-temperature form has an unusually complex structure with 16 independent molecules. In the transition two molecules change side chain conformation, four reorient about their long axes, and ten remain unchanged. The transition mechanism implies relatively nonspecific intermolecular interactions, qualitatively consistent with the behavior of cholesterol in biomembranes. The transition preserves a remarkably closely obeyed pseudosymmetry present in the structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, L Y -- Nordman, C E -- GM15259/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):604-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836303" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Temperature ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Cholesterol ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Conformation
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  • 30
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    Myoglobin gene is a big surprise. The first analysis of a myoglobin gene reveals some striking similarities and some unexpected differences from hemoglobin genes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 18;219(4590):1312.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Genes ; Humans ; Myoglobin/*genetics
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    Monoclonal antibodies reveal the structural basis of antibody diversity (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Hybridoma technology has made it possible to introduce into continuous culture normal antibody-forming cells and to obtain large amounts of the immunoglobulin produced by each of these cells. Examination of the structure of a number of monoclonal antibodies that react with a single antigen has provided new information on the structural basis of the specificity and affinity of antibodies. Comparisons of families of monoclonal antibodies derived from a single germ line gene revealed the importance of somatic mutation in generating antibody diversity. Monoclonal antibodies that react with variable regions of other monoclonals allow the further dissection and modulation of the immune response. Finally, the continued somatic instability of immunoglobulin genes in cultured antibody-forming cells makes it possible to determine the rate of somatic mutation and to generate mutant monoclonal antibodies that may be more effective serological reagents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teillaud, J L -- Desaymard, C -- Giusti, A M -- Haseltine, B -- Pollock, R R -- Yelton, D E -- Zack, D J -- Scharff, M D -- 5T32GM7288/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- AI05231/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI10702/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):721-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics/*immunology ; *Antibody Diversity ; Antibody Specificity ; Genes ; Hybridomas/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 32
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    Protein engineering (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-02-11
    Description: The prospects for protein engineering, including the roles of x-ray crystallography, chemical synthesis of DNA, and computer modelling of protein structure and folding, are discussed. It is now possible to attempt to modify many different properties of proteins by combining information on crystal structure and protein chemistry with artificial gene synthesis. Such techniques offer the potential for altering protein structure and function in ways not possible by any other method.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ulmer, K M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 11;219(4585):666-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6572017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Crystallography ; Genes ; *Genetic Engineering ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Biology/trends ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/*genetics ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Leukotrienes: mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Arachidonic acid plays a central role in a biological control system where such oxygenated derivatives as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are mediators. The leukotrienes are formed by transformation of arachidonic acid into an unstable epoxide intermediate, leukotriene A4, which can be converted enzymatically by hydration to leukotriene B4, and by addition of glutathione to leukotriene C4. This last compound is metabolized to leukotrienes D4 and E4 by successive elimination of a gamma-glutamyl residue and glycine. Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis consists of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4. The cysteinyl-containing leukotrienes are potent bronchoconstrictors, increase vascular permeability in postcapillary venules, and stimulate mucus secretion. Leukotriene B4 causes adhesion and chemotactic movement of leukocytes and stimulates aggregation, enzyme release, and generation of superoxide in neutrophils. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, which are released from the lung tissue of asthmatic subjects exposed to specific allergens, seem to play a pathophysiological role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. These leukotrienes, as well as leukotriene B4, have pro-inflammatory effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samuelsson, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):568-75.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism/pharmacology/physiology ; Bronchi/drug effects ; Cats ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*physiopathology ; Inflammation/*physiopathology ; Leukocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Leukotriene B4/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; SRS-A/*physiology
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    Genes of the major histocompatibility complex in mouse and man (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: The genes of the major histocompatibility complex code for cell-surface molecules that play an important role in the generation of the immune response. These genes and molecules have been studied intensively over the last five decades by geneticists, biochemists, and immunologists, but only recently has the isolation of the genes by molecular biologists facilitated their precise characterization. Many surprising findings have been made concerning their structure, multiplicity, organization, function, and evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steinmetz, M -- Hood, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):727-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; Genes ; H-2 Antigens/*genetics ; HLA Antigens/*genetics ; Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics ; Humans ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Conformation
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  • 35
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    Potassium currents in Drosophila: different components affected by mutations of two genes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: Electrophysiological analysis of the Drosophila behavioral mutants Eag and Sh and the double mutant Eag Sh indicates that the products of both genes take part in the control of potassium currents in the membranes of both nerve and muscle. In voltage-clamped larval muscle fibers, Sh affects the transient A current, whereas Eag reduces the delayed rectification and, to a lesser extent, the A current.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, C F -- Ganetzky, B -- Haugland, F N -- Liu, A X -- NS00675/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS15797/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS18500/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1076-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Drosophila/genetics ; Electrophysiology ; Genes ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Larva ; Membrane Potentials ; Muscles/metabolism ; *Mutation ; Neuromuscular Junction/metabolism ; Potassium/*metabolism
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  • 36
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    Biogenesis of ornithine transcarbamylase in spfash mutant mice: two cytoplasmic precursors, one mitochondrial enzyme (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-28
    Description: Extracts of liver from hemizygous affected mice with the X-linked spfash mutation have 5 to 10 percent of normal ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) activity, yet the homogeneous enzyme isolated from these extracts is identical to that in controls. The OTC messenger RNA from mutant livers programs the synthesis of two distinct OTC precursor polypeptides--one normal in size, the other distinctly elongated. Both precursors are imported and proteolytically processed by mitochondria, but only the normal one is assembled into active trimer. This novel phenotype may result from a mutation in the structural gene for OTC leading, primarily, to aberrant splicing of OTC messenger RNA and, secondarily, to formation of a structurally altered precursor whose posttranslational pathway is ultimately futile because its mature mitochondrial form is not capable of assembly and functional expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, L E -- Kalousek, F -- Orsulak, M D -- AM 09527/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 28;222(4622):426-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Genes ; Liver/enzymology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains/genetics/physiology ; Mitochondria, Liver/enzymology ; Mutation ; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase/*genetics ; Protein Precursors/genetics ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
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    Bromine residue at hydrophilic region influences biological activity of aplysiatoxin, a tumor promoter (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-12-16
    Description: Aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin, which are isolated from the seaweed, Lyngbya gracilis, differ in their chemical structure only by the presence or absence of a bromine residue in the hydrophilic region. The function and the structure-activity relation of the hydrophilic region are not known. Aplysiatoxin increased malignant transformation, stimulated DNA synthesis, and inhibited the binding of phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and epidermal growth factor to cell receptors. Debromoaplysiatoxin inhibited the binding of these two substances as strongly as aplysiatoxin but did not increase malignant transformation or stimulate DNA synthesis. These results indicate that a slight change in the chemical structure of the hydrophilic region of aplysiatoxin affects its abilities to increase cell transformation and stimulate DNA synthesis and that the abilities of the tumor promoters to inhibit the binding of phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and epidermal growth factor are dissociable from their abilities to increase cell transformation and stimulate DNA synthesis under some circumstances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shimomura, K -- Mullinix, M G -- Kakunaga, T -- Fujiki, H -- Sugimura, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 16;222(4629):1242-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6316505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Carcinogens/*pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Lactones/analysis/*pharmacology ; *Lyngbya Toxins ; Mice ; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate ; Phorbol Esters/metabolism ; *Protein Kinase C ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; *Receptors, Drug ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    DNA-binding proteins (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: The structures of three proteins that regulate gene expression have been determined recently and suggest how these proteins may bind to their specific recognition sites on the DNA. One protein (Cro) is a repressor of gene expression, the second (CAP) usually stimulates gene expression, and the third (lambda repressor) can act as either a repressor or an activator. The three proteins contain a substructure consisting of two consecutive alpha helices that is virtually identical in each case. Structural and amino acid sequence comparisons suggest that this bihelical fold occurs in a number of proteins that regulate gene expression, and is an intrinsic part of the DNA-protein recognition event. The modes of repression and activation by Cro and lambda repressor are understood reasonably well, but the mode of action of CAP is still unclear.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takeda, Y -- Ohlendorf, D H -- Anderson, W F -- Matthews, B W -- GM20066/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM28138/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM30894/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1020-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6308768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *DNA Helicases ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Models, Chemical ; Protein Conformation
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  • 39
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    Differential expression of the translocated and the untranslocated c-myc oncogene in Burkitt lymphoma (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-10-28
    Description: Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying either a rearranged or unrearranged c-myc oncogene were examined with the use of probes from the 5' exon and for the second and third exon of the oncogene. The results indicate that the normal c-myc gene on chromosome 8 and the 5' noncoding and 3' coding segments of the c-myc oncogene separated by the chromosomal translocation are under different transcriptional control in the lymphoma cells. Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying a translocated but unrearranged c-myc oncogene express normal c-myc transcripts. In contrast, lymphoma cells carrying a c-myc gene rearranged head to head with the immunoglobulin constant mu region gene express c-myc transcripts lacking the normal untranslated leader.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉ar-Rushdi, A -- Nishikura, K -- Erikson, J -- Watt, R -- Rovera, G -- Croce, C M -- CA09171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA16685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 28;222(4622):390-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6414084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Burkitt Lymphoma/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Chromosomes, Human, 19-20 ; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Operon ; Transcription, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic
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    Transmission of integrated sea urchin histone genes by nuclear transplantation in Xenopus laevis (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Sea urchin histone genes contained in a recombinant plasmid pSp102 were microinjected into the cytoplasm of fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis. By the late blastula stage, plasmid DNA sequences were detected comigrating with the high molecular weight cellular DNA (greater than 48 kilobases). Analysis of the DNA from injected embryos digested with various restriction endonuclease demonstrated that the injected DNA was integrated into the frog genome. Clones of embryos containing the pSp102 DNA sequences were produced by means of nuclear transplantation. Individuals of the same clone contain the pSp102 sequences integrated into similar chromosomal locations. These sites vary between different clones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Etkin, L D -- Roberts, M -- GM31479-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):67-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Clone Cells ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Genes ; Histones/*genetics ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Plasmids ; Sea Urchins/genetics ; Xenopus laevis/genetics
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    Translocation and rearrangements of the c-myc oncogene locus in human undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-02-25
    Description: The locus for the cellular myc (c-myc) oncogene in humans is located on the region of chromosome 8 that is translocated to chromosome 14 in cells from most undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas. It is shown in this study that the c-myc locus is rearranged in 5 out of 15 cell lines from patients with undifferentiated B-cell lymphomas, and that the rearrangement involves a region at the 5' side of an apparently intact c-myc gene. In at least three patients, this rearranged region appears to contain immunoglobulin heavy chain mu sequences that are located on chromosome 14. The data indicate that this region contains the crossover point between chromosomes 8 and 14. The break point can occur at different positions on both chromosomes among individual cell lines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalla-Favera, R -- Martinotti, S -- Gallo, R C -- Erikson, J -- Croce, C M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 25;219(4587):963-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6401867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromosome Mapping ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics ; Lymphoma/*genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Recombination, Genetic
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    Somatic cell genetics and gene families (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: The utility of somatic cell genetic analysis for the chromosomal localization of genes in mammals is well established. With the development of recombinant DNA probes and efficient blotting techniques that allow visualization of single-copy cellular genes, somatic cell genetics has been extended from the level of phenotypes expressed by whole cells to the level of the cellular genome itself. This extension has proved invaluable for the analysis of genes not readily expressed in somatic cell hybrids and for the study of multigene families, especially pseudogenes dispersed in different chromosomes throughout the genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉D'Eustachio, P -- Ruddle, F H -- GM-09966/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):919-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6573776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Genes ; Genetic Markers ; Genetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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    Transcription of class III genes: formation of preinitiation complexes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Class III genes require multiple cellular factors for transcription by RNA polymerase III; these genes form stable transcription complexes, which in the case of Xenopus 5S genes are correlated with differential expression in vivo. The minimal number and identity of the factors required to form both stable and metastable complexes on three class III genes (encoding, respectively, 5S RNA, transfer RNA, and adenovirus VA RNA species) were determined. Stable complex formation requires one common factor, whose recognition site was analyzed, and either no additional factors (the VA gene), a second common factor (the transfer RNA gene), or a third gene-specific factor (the 5S gene). The mechanism of stable complex formation and its relevance to transcriptional regulation were examined in light of the various factors and the promoter sequences recognized by these factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lassar, A B -- Martin, P L -- Roeder, R G -- CA 24223/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 24891/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM07200/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):740-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*genetics ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Humans ; Operon ; RNA Polymerase III/*genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; RNA, Transfer/genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 44
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    Multigene family for sarcomeric myosin heavy chain in mouse and human DNA: localization on a single chromosome (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: Cloned myosin heavy chain DNA probes from rat and human were hybridized to restriction endonuclease digests of genomic DNA from somatic cell hybrids and their parental cells. The mouse myosin heavy chain genes detectable by this assay were located on chromosome 11, and three different human sarcomeric myosin heavy chain genes were mapped to the short arm of chromosome 17. A synteny between myosin heavy chain and two unrelated markers, thymidine kinase and galactokinase, was found to be preserved in the rodent and human genomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leinwand, L A -- Fournier, R E -- Nadal-Ginard, B -- Shows, T B -- GM26449/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM29090/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM31281/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):766-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, 16-18 ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Mice ; Myosins/*genetics
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  • 45
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    Nucleotide sequence of a light chain gene of the mouse I-A subregion: A beta d (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: Ia (I region-associated) antigens are cell-surface glycoproteins involved in the regulation of immune responsiveness. They are composed of one heavy (alpha) and one light (beta) polypeptide chain. We have sequenced the gene encoding the A beta d chain of the BALB/c mouse. The presence of six exons is predicted by comparison with the complementary DNA sequences of human beta chains and with partial protein sequence data for the A beta d polypeptide. Sequence comparisons have been made to other proteins involved in immune responses and the consequent implications for the evolutionary relationships of these genes are discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malissen, M -- Hunkapiller, T -- Hood, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):750-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6410508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Codon ; Genes ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Macromolecular Substances ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; beta 2-Microglobulin/genetics
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    Nucleotide sequence and expression of the diphtheria tox228 gene in Escherichia coli (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: The complete nucleotide sequence of the diphtheria tox228 gene encoding the nontoxic serologically related protein CRM228 has been determined. A comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence with the available amino acid sequences from the wild-type toxin made it possible to deduce essentially the entire nucleotide sequence of the wild-type tox gene. The signal peptide of pro-diphtheria toxin and the putative tox promoter have been identified, a highly symmetrical nucleotide sequence downstream of the toxin gene has been detected; this region may be the corynebacteriophage beta attachment site (attP). The cloned toxin gene was expressed at a low level in Escherichia coli.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaczorek, M -- Delpeyroux, F -- Chenciner, N -- Streeck, R E -- Murphy, J R -- Boquet, P -- Tiollais, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):855-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6348945" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Diphtheria Toxin/*genetics ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Operon
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    Likely T cell receptor gene cloned (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 23;221(4617):1278-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cloning, Molecular ; Genes ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics
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  • 48
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    Antiviral agents (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krenitsky, T A -- Beauchamp, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyclovir/metabolism ; *Antiviral Agents/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Humans ; Vidarabine/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 49
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    Metastable species of hemoglobin: room temperature transients and cryogenically trapped intermediates (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Resonance Raman spectra of photolyzed carbonmonoxyhemoglobin obtained with 10-nanosecond pulses are compared with the spectra of photolyzed carbonmonoxyhemoglobin stabilized at 80 K. In comparing the deoxy with the photodissociated species, the changes in the Raman spectra are the same for these two experimental regimes. These results show that at ambient and cryogenic temperatures the heme pocket in liganded hemoglobin is significantly different from that of deoxyhemoglobin. It is concluded that measurements of the properties of intermediate species from photodissociated hemoglobin stabilized at low temperatures can be used to probe the short-lived metastable forms of hemoglobin present after photodissociation under biologically relevant solution conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ondrias, M R -- Friedman, J M -- Rousseau, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):615-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carboxyhemoglobin ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Freezing ; *Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Ligands ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Temperature
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  • 50
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    Irreversible ligands with high selectivity toward delta and mu opiate receptors (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Alkylating agents that display strong selectivity for opiate receptor types delta or mu were prepared by appropriate modification of the structures of the strong analgesics fentanyl, etonitazene, and endoethenotetrahydrooripavine. The availability of these substances should facilitate studies of the structural basis of receptor specificity and of the physiologic roles of these receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, K C -- Jacobson, A E -- Burke, T R Jr -- Bajwa, B S -- Streaty, R A -- Klee, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):314-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6132444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Brain/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Enkephalin, Methionine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Fentanyl/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; *Isothiocyanates ; Ligands ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism/physiology ; Thebaine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 51
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    Simian sarcoma virus onc gene, v-sis, is derived from the gene (or genes) encoding a platelet-derived growth factor (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-15
    Description: The transforming protein of a primate sarcoma virus and a platelet-derived growth factor are derived from the same or closely related cellular genes. This conclusion is based on the demonstration of extensive sequence similarity between the transforming protein derived from the simian sarcoma virus onc gene, v-sis, and a human platelet-derived growth factor. The mechanism by which v-sis transforms cells could involve the constitutive expression of a protein with functions similar or identical to those of a factor active transiently during normal cell growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doolittle, R F -- Hunkapiller, M W -- Hood, L E -- Devare, S G -- Robbins, K C -- Aaronson, S A -- Antoniades, H N -- CA30101/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR00757/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 15;221(4607):275-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6304883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cebidae ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; Genes ; Growth Substances/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; *Oncogenes ; Peptides/*genetics/physiology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Sarcoma Virus, Woolly Monkey/*genetics
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  • 52
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    Translocations among antibody genes in human cancer (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: The characteristic chromosomal translocations that occur in certain human malignancies offer opportunities to understand how two gene systems can affect one another when they are accidentally juxtaposed. In the case of Burkitt lymphoma, such a translocation joins the cellular oncogene, c-myc, to a region encoding one of the immunoglobulin genes. In at least one example, the coding sequence of the rearranged c-myc gene is identical to that of the normal gene, implying that the gene must be quantitatively, rather than qualitatively, altered in its expression if it is to play a role in transformation. One might expect to find the rearranged c-myc gene in a configuration that would allow it to take advantage of one of the known immunoglobulin promoters or enhancer elements. However, the rearranged c-myc gene is often placed so that it can utilize neither of these structures. Since the level of c-myc messenger RNA is often elevated in Burkitt cells, the translocation may lead to a deregulation of the c-myc gene. Further, since the normal allele in a Burkitt cell is often transcriptionally silent in the presence of a rearranged allele, a model for c-myc regulation is suggested that involves a trans-acting negative control element that might use as its target a highly conserved portion of the c-myc gene encoding two discrete transcriptional promoters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leder, P -- Battey, J -- Lenoir, G -- Moulding, C -- Murphy, W -- Potter, H -- Stewart, T -- Taub, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):765-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Burkitt Lymphoma/*genetics ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/etiology ; Chromosome Aberrations/*genetics ; Chromosome Disorders ; Chromosome Mapping ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins/genetics ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Oncogenes ; *Translocation, Genetic
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    Surviving heat shock and other stresses (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 15;221(4607):251-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6344222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Genes ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Hot Temperature/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Proteins/physiology
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  • 54
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    Cloning the acetylcholine receptor genes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1055-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genes ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*genetics ; Torpedo
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  • 55
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    In situ hybridization to study the origin and fate of identified neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Egg-laying behavior in Aplysia is mediated by a set of peptides, including egg-laying hormone (ELH), which are released by a cluster of identified neurons, the bag cells. A family of neuropeptide genes which includes the gene encoding ELH along with two additional genes encoding the A and B peptides thought to initiate the egg-laying process has been isolated and their nucleotide sequence has been determined. In situ hybridization and immunofluorescence was used to explore the origin and distribution of the neurons that express this family of genes. The ELH genes are expressed, not only in the bag cells, but in an extensive system of neurons distributed in four of the five ganglia of the central nervous system. The genes for ELH are expressed in these cells early in the animal's life cycle. As a result, it was possible to use in situ hybridization to trace the cells expressing ELH to their site of origin. The cells originate outside the central nervous system in the ectoderm of the body wall and appear to migrate to their final locations within the central nervous system by crawling along strands of connective tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McAllister, L B -- Scheller, R H -- Kandel, E R -- Axel, R -- 5 PO1 CA-23767/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM-32099/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NCL-5RO1 CA-16346/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):800-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Invertebrate Hormones/genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Neurons/*physiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oviposition ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
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  • 56
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    Chromosome localization of highly repetitive human DNA's and amplified ribosomal DNA with restriction enzymes (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-28
    Description: Restriction endonucleases cut and partially removed DNA throughout fixed air-dried human metaphase chromosomes. Some enzymes produced a G-banding pattern; some revealed the presence of multiple chromosome-specific classes of highly repetitive DNA in C-band heterochromatin. Enzymes that produced the informative C-band patterns had recognition sequences that were four or five, but not six, base pairs long and did not contain a cytosine-guanine doublet. In both rat and human chromosomes, regions containing amplified ribosomal RNA genes were specifically removed by the restriction endonuclease Msp I.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, D A -- Choi, Y C -- Miller, O J -- CA27655/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM25193/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 28;219(4583):395-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6294832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Banding ; Chromosome Mapping ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Gene Amplification ; Genes ; Humans ; RNA, Ribosomal/*genetics ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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    Isolation of human C-reactive protein complementary DNA and localization of the gene to chromosome 1 (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: With a synthetic oligonucleotide mixture as probe, complementary DNA clones of C-reactive protein were isolated from an adult human liver complementary DNA library. The clones ranged in size from 700 to 1100 base pairs and were identified by partial DNA sequence analysis. One complementary DNA clone was used as a probe for hybridization with human-rodent DNA's isolated from somatic cell hybrids and bound to nitrocellulose filters (Southern blot analysis) to assign the human C-reactive protein gene to chromosome 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitehead, A S -- Bruns, G A -- Markham, A F -- Colten, H R -- Woods, D E -- AI15033/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HD4807/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL22487/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):69-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; C-Reactive Protein/*genetics ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, 1-3 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Genes ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/metabolism ; Mice
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    Directed mutagenesis of dihydrofolate reductase (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-18
    Description: Three mutations of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase were constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the cloned Escherichia coli gene. The mutations--at residue 27, aspartic acid replaced with asparagine; at residue 39, proline replaced with cysteine; and at residue 95, glycine replaced with alanine--were designed to answer questions about the relations between molecular structure and function that were raised by the x-ray crystal structures. Properties of the mutant proteins show that Asp-27 is important for catalysis and that perturbation of the local structure at a conserved cis peptide bond following Gly-95 abolishes activity. Substitution of cysteine for proline at residue 39 results in the appearance of new forms of the enzyme that correspond to various oxidation states of the cysteine. One of these forms probably represents a species cross-linked by an intrachain disulfide bridge between the cysteine at position 85 and the new cysteine at position 39.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Villafranca, J E -- Howell, E E -- Voet, D H -- Strobel, M S -- Ogden, R C -- Abelson, J N -- Kraut, J -- CA17374/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM09375/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM10928/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 18;222(4625):782-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6356360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Disulfides ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Mutation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/*genetics
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    Alpha-substituted gamma-butyrolactones: new class of anticonvulsant drugs (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-09-10
    Description: Alkyl-Substituted gamma-butyrolactones were synthesized and tested for their convulsant and anticonvulsant actions in mice and guinea pigs. The alpha-substituted compounds, alpha, alpha-dimethyl-, and alpha-ethyl-alpha-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone were anticonvulsant compounds with a spectrum of activity similar to that of ethosuximide. In contrast, beta-substituted compounds were convulsant agents similar to picrotoxinin. The alpha-substituted-gama-butyrolactones represent a new class of anticonvulsant drug with experimental and clinical potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klunk, W E -- McKeon, A -- Covey, D F -- Ferrendelli, J A -- GM-07200/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-24483/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS-14834/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 10;217(4564):1040-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6810462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives/*therapeutic use/toxicity ; Animals ; *Anticonvulsants ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Convulsants ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy, Absence/drug therapy ; Ethosuximide/pharmacology ; *Furans/*therapeutic use ; Guinea Pigs ; Mice ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Trimethadione/pharmacology
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  • 60
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    Human immunoglobulin heavy chain genes map to a region of translocations in malignant B lymphocytes (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kirsch, I R -- Morton, C C -- Nakahara, K -- Leder, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 16;216(4543):301-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6801764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Genes ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic
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  • 61
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    Identification of the constant chromosome regions involved in human hematologic malignant disease (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-05-14
    Description: Specific consistent chromosome translocations are regularly observed in certain human leukemias and lymphomas. For the myeloid leukemias, the constant recombinants are: the long arm of 9 to chromosome 22 in chronic myeloid leukemia, the long arm of 21 to chromosome 8 in acute myeloblastic leukemia, and the long arm of 17 to chromosome 15 in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Three related translocations are seen in Burkitt lymphoma and B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia; in each one, chromosome 8 is involved with chromosome 2, 14, or 22. Analysis of a complex translocation affecting chromosomes 8 and 14 indicates that the translocation of chromosome 8 to chromosome 14 is the critical constant rearrangement. The analysis of the DNA at the translocation sites of these chromosomes, rather than the reciprocal of each translocation, appears to be the most productive focus for initial study. The various immunoglobulin loci are located in chromosomes 2, 14, and 22, the chromosomes regularly involved in translocations in Burkitt lymphoma and B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rowley, J D -- CA 16910/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 19266/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 25568/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 14;216(4547):749-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Chromosomes, Human, 16-18 ; Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y ; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Genes ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins/*genetics ; Leukemia/*genetics ; Lymphoma/*genetics ; Translocation, Genetic
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  • 62
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    Somatic mutation in genes for the variable portion of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-04-16
    Description: The size of the gene pool potentially encoding antibodies to p-azophenyl arsonate has been examined. A heavy chain-specific full-length complementary DNA clone has been constructed with the use of messenger RNA from a hybridoma that produces antibodies to the arsonate hapten and bears nearly a full complement of the determinants comprising the cross-reactive idiotype (CRI). The sequences of both the complementary DNA clone and the corresponding immunoglobulin heavy chain have been independently determined. A probe for the variable region gene was prepared from the original heavy chain complementary DNA clone and used to analyze, by Southern filter hybridization, genomic DNA from both A/J (CRI positive) and BALB/c (CRI negative) mice. Approximately 20 to 25 restriction fragments containing "germline" variable region gene segments were detected in both strains, and many are shared by both, Since 35 CRI-positive heavy chains have been partially sequenced thus far and 31 are different, the results of the hybridization analysis suggest that somatic mutation events involving the variable region gene segments of the heavy chain play a role in the origin of the amino acid sequence diversity seen in this system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sims, J -- Rabbitts, T H -- Estess, P -- Slaughter, C -- Tucker, P W -- Capra, J D -- A112127/PHS HHS/ -- AI-06020/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI18016/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 16;216(4543):309-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6801765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites, Antibody/*genetics ; Genes ; Haptens ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*genetics ; Mice ; *Mutation
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  • 63
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    Chromosomal localization of the human homolog (c-sis) of the simian sarcoma virus onc gene (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-11-12
    Description: Nonrandom chromosome rearrangements of chromosome 22 have been identified in different human malignancies. As a result of Southern blot hybridization of a c-sis probe to DNA's from mouse-human somatic cell hybrids, the human homolog (c-sis) of the transforming gene of simian sarcoma virus was assigned to chromosome 22. Hybrids between thymidine kinase-deficient mouse cells and human fibroblasts carrying a translocation of the region q11-qter of chromosome 22 to chromosome 17 were also analyzed. These studies demonstrate that the human c-sis gene is on region 22q11 greater than qter.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalla-Favera, R -- Gallo, R C -- Giallongo, A -- Croce, C M -- CA-10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-16685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 12;218(4573):686-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6291150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Transformation, Viral ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y ; Genes ; Humans ; *Oncogenes ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Sarcoma Virus, Woolly Monkey/*genetics
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    Molecular drive (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dover, G A -- Strachan, T -- Coen, E S -- Brown, S D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1069.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA/*genetics ; Genes ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Events in the evolution of pre-proinsulin (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-20
    Description: An extensive computer-assisted analysis of known pre-proinsulin coding sequences has shown correlations that can be interpreted as evidence for an intron-mediated juxtaposition of exons in the evolution of these genes. The evidence includes the discovery that the regions of the pre-proinsulin genes that code for the signal peptide consist of nearly tandem repeating units of nine base pairs. This pattern reappears in the C region of the genes after a large intron that occurs in three of the four genes analyzed. A model is proposed in which primordial insulin was coded for by two separate minigenes arising from a gene duplication, each with identical or nearly identical signal peptide coding regions. The minigenes fused into one transcriptional unit mediated by the large intron, and the signal peptide coding region of one of the putative minigenes evolved into the latter portion of the C peptide coding region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Douthart, R J -- Norris, F H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 20;217(4561):729-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Computers ; Cricetinae ; Disulfides ; Genes ; Humans ; Insulin ; Models, Genetic ; Proinsulin/*genetics ; Protein Precursors/*genetics ; Rats ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Boradeption: a new procedure for transferring water-insoluble agents across cell membranes (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-09
    Description: A new process has been developed which is called "Boradeption" to signify boronic acid--dependent phase transfer of water-insoluble agents. Highly fluorescent boronic acid dervatives, FluoroBoras, are solubilized with a physiologically compatible carrier buffer containing a receptor group for boronate adduct formation. The system can be used to stain living cells. In another variation of the Boradeption concept, an insoluble reporter molecule containing a boronate receptor is solubilized with a carrier buffer containing a boronic acid functional group. The boronate-receptor complexes, which are in dynamic equilibrium, can be designed as vital stains and reagents for a variety of biological and medical applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallop, P M -- Paz, M A -- Henson, E -- AG-00376-07/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HL-20764-04A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 9;217(4555):166-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6178158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Transport ; *Boron Compounds/therapeutic use ; *Boronic Acids/therapeutic use ; *Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chromogenic Compounds/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Fibroblasts ; Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism ; Humans ; Rats ; Staining and Labeling
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 67
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    Identification of a BALB/c H-2Ld gene by DNA-mediated gene transfer (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-02-05
    Description: Gene transfer and immunoselection were used in the identification of a BALB/c genomic clone containing an H-2Ld gene (clone 27.5). Transformation of thymidine kinase-negative C3H mouse L cells with the cloned 27.5 DNA together with the herpes simplex virus tk gene produced transformants expressing Ld molecules detected by radioimmune assay with monoclonal hybridoma antibodies to Ld antigens. The foreign Ld gene products expressed by cloned mouse L cell transformants were shown to be virtually indistinguishable from BALB/c spleen Ld molecules by two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of H-2Ld immunoprecipitates. These results indicate that the genomic clone 27.5 contains a functional BALB/c H-2Ld gene and demonstrate the usefulness of this approach for identifying the gene products encoded by cloned genes which are members of a multigene family. Furthermore, the ability to place cell-surface recognition molecules on the surfaces of foreign cells provides a powerful opportunity for functional analyses of these molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodenow, R S -- McMillan, M -- Orn, A -- Nicolson, M -- Davidson, N -- Frelinger, J A -- Hood, L -- CA 22662/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 26199/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 06965/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 5;215(4533):677-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Genes ; H-2 Antigens/*genetics ; Isoelectric Point ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/*genetics ; Transformation, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Molecular drive: how real, how important? (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 5;218(4572):552-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Genes ; *Genetics, Population
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 69
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    Gene scanning with block mutations (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 30;217(4558):434-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6283636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Regulator ; *Mutation ; RNA, Messenger ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 70
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    Cloning the genes of the MHC (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 23;216(4544):400-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7071587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cloning, Molecular/*methods ; Genes ; Humans ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 71
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    Transcriptional control signals of a eukaryotic protein-coding gene (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-23
    Description: Transcriptional control signals of a model eukaryotic protein-coding gene have been identified by a new procedure of in vitro mutagenesis. This method allows small clusters of nucleotide residues to be substituted in a site-directed manner without causing the addition or deletion of other sequences. Transcription assays of a systematic series of these clustered point mutants have led to the identification of three distinct control signals located within the 105-nucleotide residues immediately upstream from the point where transcription begins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKnight, S L -- Kingsbury, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 23;217(4557):316-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6283634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Regulator ; *Mutation ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 72
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    DNA sequence of the gene encoding the E alpha Ia polypeptide of the BALB/c mouse (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-17
    Description: A 3.4-kilobase DNA fragment containing the gene coding for the E alpha chain of an Ia (I region-associated) antigen from the BALB/c mouse has been sequenced. It contains at least three exons, which correlate with the major structural domains of the E alpha chain-the two external domains alpha 1 and alpha 2, and the transmembrane-cytoplasmic domain. The coding sequence of the mouse E alpha gene shows striking homology to its counterpart at the DNA and protein levels. The translated alpha 2 exon demonstrates significant similarity to beta 2-microglobulin, to immunoglobulin constant region domains, and to certain domains of transplantation antigens. These observations and those of others suggest that the Ia antigen, transplantation antigen, and immunoglobulin gene families share a common ancestor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNicholas, J -- Steinmetz, M -- Hunkapiller, T -- Jones, P -- Hood, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 17;218(4578):1229-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6815800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Genes ; *Genes, MHC Class II ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/*genetics ; beta 2-Microglobulin/genetics
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  • 73
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    DNA sequence of a gene encoding a BALB/c mouse Ld transplantation antigen (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-02-05
    Description: The sequence of a gene, denoted 27.5, encoding a transplantation antigen for the BALB/c mouse has been determined. Gene transfer studies and comparison of the translated sequence with the partial amino acid sequence of the Ld transplantation antigen establish that gene 27.5 encodes an Ld polypeptide. A comparison of the gene 27.5 sequence with several complementary DNA sequences suggests that the BALB/c mouse may contain a number of closely related L-like genes. Gene 27.5 has eight exons that correlate with the structural domains of the transplantation antigen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, K W -- Sher, B T -- Sun, Y H -- Eakle, K A -- Hood, L -- 1 T32 GM07616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 06965/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 5;215(4533):679-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; Genes ; H-2 Antigens/*genetics ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C/*genetics ; Plasmids ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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    Expression of Treponema pallidum antigens in Escherichia coli (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-30
    Description: Treponema pallidum DNA was cloned in a bacteriophage. Clones were screened for expression of Treponema pallidum antigens by an in situ radioimmunoassay on nitrocellulose, with the use of subsequent reactions with syphilitic serum and radioiodinated Staphylococcus aureus protein A. One clone, which gave a strong signal, codes for at least seven antigens that react specifically with human antibodies to Treponema pallidum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walfield, A M -- Hanff, P A -- Lovett, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 30;216(4545):522-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7041257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Surface/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular/*methods ; Coliphages/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Treponema pallidum/*immunology
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    Herpes simplex virus type-1 glycoprotein D gene: nucleotide sequence and expression in Escherichia coli (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: The protein coding region of the herpes simplex virus type-1 glycoprotein D (gD) gene was mapped, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The predicted amino acid sequence of the gD polypeptide was found to contain a number of features in common with other virus glycoproteins. Insertion of this protein coding region into a bacterial expressor plasmid enabled synthesis in Escherichia coli of an immunoreactive gD-related polypeptide. The potential of this system for preparation of a type-common herpes simplex virus vaccine is discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watson, R J -- Weis, J H -- Salstrom, J S -- Enquist, L W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):381-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6289440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Viral ; Glycoproteins/*genetics ; Peptides/genetics ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Simplexvirus/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/*genetics/immunology ; Viral Vaccines
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    New chemistry of an old molecule: cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: The discovery that cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) has clinically useful antitumor properties and can form platinum blues spawned an extensive investigation of its chemistry in water. Several new molecules have been synthesized, some rather old ones have been characterized for the first time, and clues have begun to emerge about the chemical interaction of cis-DDP with its likely biological target, DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lippard, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1075-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6890712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Cisplatin ; *Dna ; Hydrolysis ; Pigments, Biological
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    Genetic transformation of Drosophila with transposable element vectors (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: Exogenous DNA sequences were introduced into the Drosophila germ line. A rosy transposon (ry1), constructed by inserting a chromosomal DNA fragment containing the wild-type rosy gene into a P transposable element, transformed germ line cells in 20 to 50 percent of the injected rosy mutant embryos. Transformants contained one or two copies of chromosomally integrated, intact ry1 that were stably inherited in subsequent generations. These transformed flies had wild-type eye color indicating that the visible genetic defect in the host strain could be fully and permanently corrected by the transferred gene. To demonstrate the generality of this approach, a DNA segment that does not confer a recognizable phenotype on recipients was also transferred into germ line chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubin, G M -- Spradling, A C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):348-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6289436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila/embryology/*genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmids ; *Transformation, Genetic ; Xanthine Dehydrogenase/genetics
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    The chemistry of vision (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-03
    Description: The visual response is initiated by light reception and transduction into chemical and electrical energy in the outer-segment membranes of rod and cone cells. Recent research on the molecular events controlled by light has clarified the roles of some of the rod outer-segment biomolecules. These developments and the current unresolved questions are described.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, D F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 3;218(4576):961-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6291153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Proteins/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzymes/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Light ; Membranes/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/biosynthesis ; Photoreceptor Cells/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/metabolism ; Rod Cell Outer Segment/*metabolism ; Vision, Ocular/*physiology
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  • 79
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    Human beta-globin gene sequences injected into mouse eggs, retained in adults, and transmitted to progeny (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-10
    Description: Foreign gene sequences were retained in two adult mice (out of 62 analyzed) from fertilized eggs injected with a recombinant plasmid containing the human beta-globin genomic region and the herpes simplex viral thymidine kinase gene. The intact human and viral genes were found in DNA of one of the animals and, in the other, at least part of the human globin gene was present. The latter individual transmitted these sequences to its progeny in a Mendelian ration. Thus, human DNA may be incorporated into the germ line of mice for in vivo studies of regulation of gene expression in development, genetic diseases, and malignancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steward, T A -- Wagner, E F -- Mintz, B -- CA-60927/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD-01646/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR-05539/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 10;217(4564):1046-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6287575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Genes ; Genes, Viral ; Germ Cells ; Globins/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Microinjections ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Simplexvirus/enzymology ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; Zygote
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  • 80
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    Transposition of cloned P elements into Drosophila germ line chromosomes (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: Recombinant DNA carrying the 3-kilobase transposable element was injected into Drosophila embryos of a strain that lacked such elements. Under optimum conditions, half of the surviving embryos showed evidence of P element-induced mutations in a fraction of their progeny. Direct analysis of the DNA of strains derived from such flies showed them to contain from one to five intact 3-kilobase P elements located at a wide variety of chromosomal sites. DNA sequences located outside the P element on the injected DNA were not transferred. Thus P elements can efficiently and selectively transpose from extrachromosomal DNA to the DNA of germ line chromosomes in Drosophila embryos. These observations provide the basis for efficient DNA-mediated gene transfer in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spradling, A C -- Rubin, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):341-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6289435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; *Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Recombination, Genetic
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    The human genes for S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and adenosine deaminase are syntenic on chromosome 20 (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-05-14
    Description: Human-Chinese hamster cell hybrids and a monoclonal antibody to human S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase were used to identify chromosome 20 as the location of the human gene for this enzyme. The gene for adenosine deaminase had previously been mapped to this chromosome. The activity of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase is dependent in vivo on that of adenosine deaminase, since the substrates for the deaminase, adenosine and deoxyadenosine, respectively, inhibit and inactivate S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase in genetic or drug-induced adenosine deaminase deficiency. This functional dependence and the likelihood that S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, a eukaryotic enzyme, arose later than adenosine deaminase, which occurs in prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes, suggest that the occurrence of their genes on the same chromosome may have evolutionary significance. In addition, the unusual capacity of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase to form stable complexes with adenosine and its cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, suggest that evolution of its gene may have involved recombination of a portion of the adenosine deaminase gene with an adenine nucleotide domain-coding sequence of another preexisting gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hershfield, M S -- Francke, U -- AM 00424/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 20902/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 26105/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 14;216(4547):739-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Deaminase/*genetics ; Adenosylhomocysteinase ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Biological Evolution ; *Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Hydrolases/*genetics/immunology ; Nucleoside Deaminases/*genetics
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  • 82
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    Genetic mapping in mammals: chromosome map of domestic cat (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-16
    Description: A genetic map of 31 biochemical loci located on 17 feline syntenic (linkage) groups has been derived by somatic cell genetic analysis of cat-rodent hybrids. Most of these syntenic groups have been assigned to one of the 19 feline chromosomes. Comparative linkage analysis of the feline biochemical loci and homologous human loci revealed considerable conservation of linkage associations between the primates and the Felidae (order Carnivora). Many of these same linkage groups have not been conserved in the murine genome. The genetic and evolutionary implications of comparative mapping analysis among mammalian species are discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, S J -- Nash, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 16;216(4543):257-65.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cats/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes/*ultrastructure ; Enzymes/genetics ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Hybrid Cells/physiology ; Mice
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 83
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    Clustering of leukocyte and fibroblast interferon genes of human chromosome 9 (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: At least ten leukocyte interferon genes and the single known fibroblast interferon gene have been localized on the pter leads to q12 region of human chromosome 9. Gene mapping was accomplished by blot hybridization of cloned interferon complementary DNA to DNA from human-mouse cell hybrids with a translocation involving human chromosome 9. Supporting evidence suggests these genes are clustered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shows, T B -- Sakaguchi, A Y -- Naylor, S L -- Goedell, D V -- Lawn, R M -- GM 20454/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD 05196/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):373-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6181564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Interferons/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 84
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    The major histocompatibility complex in man (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dausset, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 25;213(4515):1469-74.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6792704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Surface/genetics ; Forecasting ; Genes ; Genes, MHC Class II ; Genetic Linkage ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunity, Cellular ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Transplantation Immunology
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  • 85
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    Rational approaches to chemotherapy: antisickling agents (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klotz, I M -- Haney, D N -- King, L C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 14;213(4509):724-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/*drug therapy ; Aspirin/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Hemoglobin, Sickle ; Humans ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Protein Conformation ; Salicylates/*therapeutic use ; Solubility ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    Do jumping genes make evolutionary leaps? (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 7;213(4508):634-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; DNA/*genetics ; Genes ; Recombination, Genetic
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  • 87
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    Changes in DNA during meiosis in a repair-deficient mutant (rad 52) of yeast (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: The kinetic patterns of DNA synthesis in wild-type (RAD+) and rad 52 mutants of yeast, which exhibit high levels of synchrony during meiosis, are comparable. However, RAD 52 mutants accumulate single-strand breaks in parental DNA during the DNA synthesis period. Thus, the product of the RAD 52 gene has a role in meiotic DNA metabolism, as well as in the repair of DNA damage during mitotic growth. The observed breaks may be unresolved recombination intermediates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Resnick, M A -- Kasimos, J N -- Game, J C -- Braun, R J -- Roth, R M -- 5 R01 GM17317-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- S07-RR07027/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):543-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *DNA Repair ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics ; Genes ; *Meiosis ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics
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  • 88
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    Two classes of single-stranded regions in DNA from sea urchin embryos (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-02-06
    Description: Native DNA from sea urchin embryos contains single-stranded regions (gaps) of up to 3000 nucleotides. The longer gaps (more than 1400 nucleotides) are nonrandomly distributed and are rich in histone gene sequences, other moderately repetitive sequences, and polypyrimidines. The shorter gaps are associated with DNA replication. A method for isolation of the two classes of single-stranded DNA pieces is reported.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wortzman, M S -- Baker, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 6;211(4482):588-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Single-Stranded/*analysis/genetics ; Genes ; Histones/*genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sea Urchins/*genetics
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  • 89
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    Automated synthesis of gene fragments (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-10-16
    Description: The DNA/RNA Synthesizer provides a complete and automated procedure for the synthesis of DNA sequences. Each base unit is added in a 30-minute cycle, permitting a tetradecamer to be constructed in 6 1/2 hours. The complete procedure is described, including a practical procedure for isolation and purification of the desired DNA sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alvarado-Urbina, G -- Sathe, G M -- Liu, W C -- Gillen, M F -- Duck, P D -- Bender, R -- Ogilvie, K K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 16;214(4518):270-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6169150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Automation ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*chemical synthesis ; *Genes, Synthetic ; RNA/*chemical synthesis ; Solubility
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  • 90
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    Chitin: New facets of research (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: Research on chitin as a marine resource is pointing to novel applications for this cellulose-like biopolymer. Discovery of nondegrading solvent systems has permitted the spinning of filaments, for example, for use as surgical sutures. New methods for preparing the bioactive alkyl glycoside of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (the monomer unit of chitin) and a microcrystalline chitin has encouraged their use as promoters for growth of bifidobacteria and as an aid in digestion of high-lactose cheese whey by domestic animals. Chitin-protein complexes of several crustacean species show great variability in ratios of chitin to covalently bound protein and in residual protein in the "purified" chitins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Austin, P R -- Brine, C J -- Castle, J E -- Zikakis, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):749-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Feed ; Animals ; Cheese ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chickens ; *Chitin ; Crystallography ; Lactose/metabolism ; Proteins/analysis ; Sutures ; *Technology
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  • 91
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    DNA sequencing and gene structure (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1305-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA/*genetics ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; *Genes ; Hydrazines ; Lac Operon ; Methylation ; Prokaryotic Cells/physiology ; Sulfuric Acid Esters
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  • 92
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    Somatic cell hybrids from frog lymphocytes and mouse myeloma cells (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: Stable somatic cell hybrids were obtained by fusing Xenopus lymphocytes with mouse myeloma cells. These hybrids contained one to four Xenopus chromosomes and expressed Xenopus gene products, one of which was a lymphocyte membrane protein of 85,000 daltons precipitated by a monoclonal antibody.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hengartner, H -- Du Pasquier, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):1034-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6785884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Genes ; Hybrid Cells/*physiology ; Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Neoplasms, Experimental/physiopathology ; Plasmacytoma/*physiopathology ; Xenopus
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  • 93
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    Seeds of change in embryonic development (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 2;214(4516):42-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280679" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Embryology/*trends ; Genes ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 94
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    The prolactin gene is located on chromosome 6 in humans (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: The gene for prolactin has been located on chromosome 6 in humans. DNA fragments of 4.8 and 4.0 kilobases containing prolactin gene sequences were identified in human genomic DNA, whereas DNA fragments of 7.4, 3.6, and 3.3 kilobases containing prolactin gene sequences were found in mouse cells. In somatic cell hybrids of human and mouse cells the 7.4-, 3.6-, and 3.3-kilobase mouse fragments were always present, whereas the 4.8- and 4.0-kilobase human fragments were only present when human chromosome 6 was also present. We conclude that the prolactin gene resides on chromosome 6, a different location from those of the genes for the related hormones chorionic somatomammotropin and growth hormone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Owerbach, D -- Rutter, W J -- Cooke, N E -- Martial, J A -- Shows, T B -- AM 21344/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 20454/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD 05196/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):815-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7221563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Growth Hormone/genetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/physiology ; Mice ; Placental Lactogen/genetics ; Prolactin/*genetics
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  • 95
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    Biggest challenge since the double helix (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):28-30, 32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromatin/genetics ; DNA/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Operon ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 96
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    Reversible chemical modification of the scrapie agent (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-12-11
    Description: The scrapie agent causes a degenerative nervous system disease in sheep and goats. Studies with extensively purified preparations demonstrated that the agent contains a protein that is required for infectivity. Chemical modification of the scrapie agent by diethyl pyrocarbonate reduced the titer 1000-fold. Exposure of the inactivated agent to hydroxylamine, a strong nucleophile, resulted in complete restoration of infectivity. Presumably, nucleophilic residues within a scrapie agent protein undergo carbethoxylation on reaction with diethyl pyrocarbonate, and subsequent addition of hydroxylamine displaces these carbethoxy groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKinley, M P -- Masiarz, F R -- Prusiner, S B -- NS14069/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 11;214(4526):1259-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6795721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; Brain/microbiology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Diethyl Pyrocarbonate/pharmacology ; Histidine/pharmacology ; *Prions ; Ribonucleases/pharmacology ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/pharmacology ; Viral Proteins/*isolation & purification/pharmacology
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  • 97
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    Nonenzymatic browning in vivo: possible process for aging of long-lived proteins (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: The incubation of lens proteins with reducing sugars leads to the formation of fluorescent yellow pigments and cross-like similar to those reported in aging and cataractous human lenses. Called nonenzymatic browning or the Maillard reaction, this aging process also occurs in stored foods. Reducing sugars condense with the free amino group of proteins, then rearrange and dehydrate to form unsaturated pigments and cross-linked products. Although most proteins in living systems turn over with sufficient rapidity to avoid nonenzymatic browning, some, such as lens crystallins and skin collagen, are exceptionally long-lived and may be vulnerable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monnier, V M -- Cerami, A -- AM 19655/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):491-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6779377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Cattle ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Crystallins ; Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology ; Glucose ; Glucosephosphates ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lysine ; *Proteins ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
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  • 98
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    Understanding the bases of sex differences (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naftolin, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1263-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/secretion ; Animals ; Estrogens/secretion ; Female ; Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Ovary/*physiology ; Reproduction ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Determination Analysis ; Sexual Behavior ; Spermatogenesis
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  • 99
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    Polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region of the human insulin gene and its possible relation to type 2 diabetes (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-04
    Description: The arrangement of the human insulin gene in DNA from 87 individuals was analyzed by the Southern blot hybridization technique with a cloned genomic human insulin probe. Insertions of 1.5 to 3.4 kilobase pairs in the 5'-flanking region of the gene were found in DNA from 38 individuals. These insertions occurred within 1.3 kilobase pairs of the transcription initiation site. In contrast, no insertions were observed in the region 3' to the coding sequence. The prevalence of these insertions in type 2 diabetes was significantly greater than in the other groups (P less than .001). The limitation of this striking length polymorphism to a potential promoter region suggests that these insertions may play a role in insulin gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rotwein, P -- Chyn, R -- Chirgwin, J -- Cordell, B -- Goodman, H M -- Permut, M A -- AM-00033/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-07120/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-16724/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 4;213(4512):1117-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6267694" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Diabetes Mellitus/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Insulin/*genetics ; Leukocytes ; Operon ; Polymorphism, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    The National Science Foundation looks to the future (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: Great advances have been made in fundamental scientific research in recent years. The new knowledge gathered, in addition to deepening our understanding of the physical universe, contributes a range of abilities and opportunities to society that would not otherwise be available. Much research that may be called applied because it addresses needs of society is quite fundamental in character, and support of such research at the National Science Foundation is to be handled in tandem by the research directorates. Other areas that require a refocusing of support are engineering science and education, at all levels, in science and engineering. Increasing our strength in these areas is essential to achieve our national economic, social, and political goals. Steps are being taken by the National Science Foundation to make its structure better able to deal with engineering and applied research and to provide greater mutual reinforcement between applied and basic research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slaughter, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1131-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Biology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Forecasting ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; *Government Agencies ; Molecular Biology ; Neurochemistry ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
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