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  • Time Factors  (191)
  • Cats
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (291)
  • 1980-1984  (191)
  • 1975-1979  (100)
  • 1940-1944
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (291)
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  • 1
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    Criteria for evidence of chemical carcinogenicity. Interdisciplinary Panel on Carcinogenicity (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-17
    Description: The Interdisciplinary Panel on Carcinogenicity reviewed and reevaluated criteria for assessing evidence of carcinogenicity of chemical substances. The panel reviewed criteria applicable to data derived from human epidemiological studies and from both in vivo and in vitro laboratory studies. A critical appraisal of all these sources of information led to the conclusion that the characterization of human risk always requires interdisciplinary evaluation of the entire array of data on a case-by-case basis. Animal studies, whenever possible, should be augmented by studies of mechanisms, metabolism, and pharmacodynamics. Such studies may assist in assessing risk to man. Recognizing the utility of such data should point the way for better assessment in the future.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):682-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6463646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; *Carcinogens/metabolism/pharmacology ; Carcinogens, Environmental ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Exposure ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Risk ; Time Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Heterochronic mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: Mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans genes lin-14, lin-28, and lin-29 cause heterochronic developmental defects: the timing of specific developmental events in several tissues is altered relative to the timing of events in other tissues. These defects result from temporal transformations in the fates of specific cells, that is, certain cells express fates normally expressed by cells generated at other developmental stages. The identification and characterization of genes that can be mutated to cause heterochrony support the proposal that heterochrony is a mechanism for phylogenetic change and suggest cellular and genetic bases for heterochronic variation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ambros, V -- Horvitz, H R -- GM24663/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM24943/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD00369/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):409-16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes ; Genetic Variation ; Male ; *Mutation ; *Phylogeny ; Time Factors
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  • 3
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    Cerebellar autonomic function: direct hypothalamocerebellar pathway (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-02-10
    Description: A direct hypothalamocerebellar projection in the cat was revealed by means of retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin--horseradish peroxidase complex. This appears to be the first demonstration of a significant autonomic input to the cerebellum. The projection has a widespread origin and is bilateral with an ipsilateral preponderance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dietrichs, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 10;223(4636):591-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6198719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axonal Transport ; Cats ; Cerebellar Cortex/physiology ; Cerebellum/*physiology ; Efferent Pathways/physiology ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Lectins ; Neurons/*physiology ; Wheat Germ Agglutinins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
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    External imaging of cerebral muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-20
    Description: A radioiodinated ligand that binds to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors was shown to distribute in the brain by a receptor-mediated process. With single-photon-emission imaging techniques, radioactivity was detected in the cerebrum but not in the cerebellum, whereas with a flow-limited radiotracer, radioactivity was detected in cerebrum and cerebellum. Single-photon-emission computed tomography showed good definition of the caudate putamen and cortex in man.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eckelman, W C -- Reba, R C -- Rzeszotarski, W J -- Gibson, R E -- Hill, T -- Holman, B L -- Budinger, T -- Conklin, J J -- Eng, R -- Grissom, M P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 20;223(4633):291-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6608148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain Chemistry ; Cats ; Caudate Nucleus/analysis ; Cerebellum/analysis ; Dogs ; Humans ; Putamen/analysis ; Quinuclidines/metabolism ; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate/metabolism ; Radioligand Assay ; Rats ; Receptors, Muscarinic/*analysis/metabolism ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
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  • 5
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    A novel nuclear form of estradiol receptor in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-14
    Description: Nuclear estrogen receptor from MCF-7 cells undergoes a time-dependent, hormone-inducible transformation to a form that is less extractable from nuclei and less exchangeable with ligand. This receptor-modifying, intranuclear event is independent of receptor loss (processing) and appears associated with hormone responsiveness (progesterone-receptor induction) in these cells. The magnitude of receptor loss, however, is variable and apparently not a prerequisite for hormone action to induce progesterone receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasid, A -- Strobl, J S -- Huff, K -- Greene, G L -- Lippman, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 14;225(4667):1162-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Humans ; Receptors, Estradiol ; Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Animal rights bill defeated in California (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 29;224(4656):1414.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; California ; Cats ; Dogs ; *Ethics, Medical ; Legislation, Medical ; Maryland ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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  • 7
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    Massachusetts forbids use of impounded pets in labs (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fox, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 13;223(4632):151.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6691141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Domestic ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Cats ; Dogs ; *Legislation, Veterinary ; Massachusetts ; *Research
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  • 8
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    Neuroendocrine response to estrogen and sexual orientation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-28
    Description: A neuroendocrine component, the positive estrogen feedback effect, thought to be related to sexual orientation and, indirectly, to sexual differentiation, was evaluated in healthy, noninstitutionalized research volunteers. Men and women with a lifelong heterosexual orientation and men with a lifelong homosexual orientation were administered an estrogen preparation known to enhance the concentration of luteinizing hormone in women but not in men. The secretory pattern of luteinizing hormone in the homosexuals in response to estrogen was intermediate between that of the heterosexual men and that of the women. Furthermore, testosterone was depressed for a significantly longer period in the homosexual men than in the heterosexual men. These findings suggest that biological markers for sexual orientation may exist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gladue, B A -- Green, R -- Hellman, R E -- MH-37412/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RR-05835-03/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1496-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/*pharmacology ; Estrone/*blood ; Female ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/*blood ; Male ; Sex Factors ; *Sexual Behavior ; Testosterone/*blood ; Time Factors
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  • 9
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    Activation of pontine cholinergic sites implicated in unconsciousness following cerebral concussion in the cat (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-20
    Description: Low levels of cerebral concussion in the cat produce reversible behavioral suppression presumably associated with unconsciousness. This injury is also associated with increased rates of glucose utilization in regions within the dorsomedial pontine tegmentum. Microinjection of carbachol into these regions produced behavioral suppression resembling that following concussion. These data, together with previously published observations on cholinergic responses to brain injury, suggest that concussive unconsciousness may be attributable in part to activation of cholinergic pontine sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayes, R L -- Pechura, C M -- Katayama, Y -- Povlishock, J T -- Giebel, M L -- Becker, D P -- NS 12587/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 20;223(4633):301-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6701514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atropine/pharmacology ; Brain Concussion/*physiopathology ; Carbachol/pharmacology ; Cats ; Cholinergic Fibers/*physiopathology ; Deoxyglucose/metabolism ; Pons/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Tetracaine/pharmacology ; Unconsciousness/*physiopathology
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  • 10
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    An ultrahigh-speed analysis of exocytosis: nematocyst discharge (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-02-24
    Description: High-speed microcinematography of nematocyst discharge in Hydra attenuata Pall. shows that this specialized exocytosis, which appears to result from an increase in the intracapsular pressure, requires a total of about 3 milliseconds. A maximum velocity of 2 meters per second is generated, corresponding to an acceleration of 40,000g. Thus nematocyst discharge is one of the fastest cellular processes in nature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holstein, T -- Tardent, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 24;223(4638):830-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Exocytosis ; Hydra/*physiology ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Osmolar Concentration ; Time Factors
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  • 11
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    Morphine analgesia potentiated but tolerance not affected by active immunization against cholecystokinin (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-07
    Description: Administration of cholecystokinin was recently found to attenuate opiate analgesia. In the present study, the role of endogenous cholecystokinin in opiate analgesia was examined. Endogenously released cholecystokinin was sequestered by antibodies to cholecystokinin developed in response to an active immunization procedure. Morphine analgesia was potentiated and prolonged in rats immunized against cholecystokinin. The rate of development of morphine tolerance, however, was not affected by the antibodies. Endogenous cholecystokinin appears to function as a short-term modulator of opiate action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faris, P L -- McLaughlin, C L -- Baile, C A -- Olney, J W -- Komisaruk, B R -- ES-07066/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- MH-38894/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; Cholecystokinin/immunology/*physiology ; *Drug Tolerance ; Immunization ; Male ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Pain/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Neurophysiological evidence for a traveling wave in the amphibian inner ear (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-07
    Description: In response to low-frequency sounds (less than 1.0 kilohertz) auditory nerve fibers in the treefrog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, discharge at a preferred phase of the stimulus waveform which is a linear function of the stimulus frequency. Moreover, the slopes of the phase-versus-frequency functions (equivalent to the system time delays) systematically increase as the characteristic frequency of the fibers decreases. These neurophysiological observations, coupled with the known tonotopy of the amphibian papilla suggest that a traveling wave occurs in the inner ear of frogs despite the absence of a basilar membrane. Electrical tuning may contribute to these characteristic frequency-dependent delays.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hillery, C M -- Narins, P M -- NS07005-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS19725-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 7;225(4666):1037-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Pathways ; Cochlea/*physiology ; Ear, Inner/innervation/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Ranidae ; Tectorial Membrane/innervation/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve/*physiology
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  • 13
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    Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like substance: the potential transmitter for cerebral vasodilation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: In vitro pharmacological studies demonstrated that exogenously applied vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) relaxes the smooth muscle cells of cat cerebral arteries, whereas substance P constricts them. Ultrastructural-immunocytochemical techniques show that a VIP-like substance is present in the large granular vesicles of nonsympathetic nerve axons and terminals in the cerebral arterial walls. These results provide strong evidence in favor of the hypothesis that a VIP-like substance is the transmitter for vasodilation in cerebral blood vessels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, T J -- Saito, A -- Berezin, I -- BRSG S07RR0543/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- HL 27763/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):898-901.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Cerebral Arteries/drug effects ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ; In Vitro Techniques ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/pharmacology/*physiology ; *Vasodilation ; Vasomotor System/drug effects
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  • 14
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    Facilitated sexual behavior reversed and serotonin restored by raphe nuclei transplanted into denervated hypothalamus (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-21
    Description: Fetal raphe cells transplanted into the hypothalamus reversed facilitation of feminine sexual behavior in rats with brain lesions induced by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Immunocytochemical and chemical analyses of serotonin indicate that reinnervation of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus by the transplants is associated with behavioral recovery. The findings suggest that transplanted fetal tissue can exert functional regulation over an innate, complex, hormone-dependent behavior in adult rats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luine, V N -- Renner, K J -- Frankfurt, M -- Azmitia, E C -- HD06368/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD12011/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 21;226(4681):1436-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6209800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Castration ; Catecholamines/analysis ; Denervation ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/analysis ; Hypothalamus/*physiology/surgery ; Raphe Nuclei/*physiology/transplantation ; Rats ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Time Factors
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  • 15
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    Synthesis of compounds with properties of leukotrienes C4 and D4 in gerbil brains after ischemia and reperfusion (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: 6-Sulfidopeptide-containing leukotriene-like immunoreactivity was synthesized in gerbil forebrains after bilateral common carotid occlusion and reperfusion. At 5, 10, or 15 minutes of ischemia, concentrations increased significantly and became more marked on reperfusion. Immunoreactivity was highest in forebrain gray matter and was below the detection limit of the assay in brain regions remote from the zone of ischemia. In vitro experiments with vascular cells and organ cultures of cerebral arteries indicate that the cerebral blood vessel wall is not a major source of biosynthetic activity in the brain. These experiments demonstrate leukotriene biosynthesis by the brain. Because synthesis occurs during ischemia and reperfusion and because leukotrienes are potent vasoconstrictors and promoters of tissue edema, they may play a role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moskowitz, M A -- Kiwak, K J -- Hekimian, K -- Levine, L -- NS19038/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):886-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Brain Ischemia/*metabolism ; Cerebral Arteries/metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Gerbillinae ; Radioimmunoassay ; SRS-A/*biosynthesis ; Time Factors
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  • 16
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    Kainic acid induces sprouting of retinal neurons (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-02-03
    Description: The neurotoxin kainic acid caused dose-dependent morphological changes in horizontal cells of the retinas of adult cats and rabbits. High concentrations of kainic acid killed the cells, but when exposed to sublethal doses they contracted their dendritic fields and sent sprouting processes into the inner retina. It appears that kainic acid can induce neuronal growth as well as degeneration and that the potential for morphological plasticity is still present in neurons of the adult mammalian retina.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peichl, L -- Bolz, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 3;223(4635):503-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6691162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Kainic Acid/*pharmacology ; Nerve Degeneration/drug effects ; Neurons/cytology/*drug effects ; Pyrrolidines/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Retina/cytology/*drug effects
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  • 17
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    Insulin-mediated regulation of neuronal maturation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-14
    Description: Exposure to insulin increased stimulus-evoked transmission at synapses formed in culture by cholinergic retinal neurons derived from fetal rats. This effect occurred at physiological concentrations and was long lasting. The findings support the hypothesis that insulin may serve as a developmental signal to regulate the emergence of effective neurotransmission across nascent synapses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Puro, D G -- Agardh, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 14;225(4667):1170-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Insulin/pharmacology/*physiology ; Muscles ; Neurons/*growth & development/physiology ; Parasympathetic Nervous System/physiology ; Rats ; Retina ; Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors
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  • 18
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    Neuroleptic-induced decrease in plasma homovanillic acid and antipsychotic activity in schizophrenic patients (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: Plasma-free homovanillic acid, a major metabolite of dopamine, was measured in chronically ill schizophrenic patients both before and during treatment with the antipsychotic phenothiazine, fluphenazine. Neuroleptic treatment was associated with a significant time-dependent decrease in plasma homovanillic acid from pretreatment values, which were significantly elevated when compared with those of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Further, both the absolute concentrations as well as the neuroleptic-induced reductions in plasma homovanillic acid determined over 5 weeks of neuroleptic treatment were statistically significantly correlated with ratings of psychosis and improvement in psychosis, respectively. These findings suggest that the delayed effects of neuroleptic agents on presynaptic dopamine activity may more closely parallel their therapeutic actions than do their immediate effects in blocking postsynaptic dopamine receptors and that a decrease in dopamine "turnover" may be responsible for their antipsychotic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickar, D -- Labarca, R -- Linnoila, M -- Roy, A -- Hommer, D -- Everett, D -- Paul, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):954-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Female ; Fluphenazine/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Homovanillic Acid/*blood ; Humans ; Male ; Phenylacetates/*blood ; Schizophrenia/blood/*drug therapy ; Time Factors
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  • 19
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    Directional specificity in the regeneration of lamprey spinal axons (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: After spinal transection in ammocoetes (lamprey larvae) 4 to 5 years old, functional recovery is accompanied by a limited regeneration in which axons grow as far as 5 millimeters beyond the scar. In axotomized giant interneurons labeled intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase 16 to 120 days after transection, 74 percent of regenerating neurites grew in their normal projection pattern, rostal and contralateral to the cell body. One third of the neurites originated anomalously from posterior dendrites. Despite their initial abnormal orientation, 80 percent of these neurites looped contralaterally and rostrally to assume the normal projection path. The directional specificity persisted when giant interneurons were located in islands formed by double simultaneous cord transection. This limited regeneration seems to be characterized by directional selectivity that cannot be attributed to nonspecific influences, such as a tendency of neurites to grow in an already established direction or a trophic effect of the zone of injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yin, H S -- Mackler, S A -- Selzer, M E -- 5T32-GM07170/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS14837/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):894-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Lampreys ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Spinal Nerves/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 20
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    Identification of common interneurons mediating pre- and postsynaptic inhibition in the cat spinal cord (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-29
    Description: The spike-triggered averaging of dorsal and ventral root potentials permits the identification of two populations of interneurons in the intermediate nucleus of the cat spinal cord. One produced negative dorsal root potentials and inhibitory ventral root potentials, in some cases with monosynaptic latencies, suggesting that they mediate presynaptic inhibition of group I afferent fibers from muscles and postsynaptic inhibition of motoneurons. The other population mediated only nonreciprocal postsynaptic inhibition of motoneurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solodkin, M -- Jimenez, I -- Rudomin, P -- NS 09196/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 29;224(4656):1453-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6328657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Interneurons/*physiology ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Spinal Cord/cytology/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission
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  • 21
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    An activated rasN gene: detected in late but not early passage human PA1 teratocarcinoma cells (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-10
    Description: Early passages of the human teratocarcinoma cell line PA1 are not tumorigenic in nude mice, while late passages are. A transforming gene present in late passages of PA1 cells was isolated as a biologically active molecular clone and is a new isolate of the human rasN locus. Its transforming activity is due to a single G---A (G, guanine; A, adenine) point mutation at the codon for amino acid 12 which changes the codon for glycine so that an aspartic acid residue is expressed. In contrast to late passage PA1 cells (passages 106, 330, and 338), DNA from the PA1 cell line at early passages (passage 36) does not yield rasN foci in DNA transfection assays. Thus, the presence of an activated rasN in PA1 cells correlates with enhanced tumorigenicity of the cell line and, more importantly, may have arisen during cell culture in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tainsky, M A -- Cooper, C S -- Giovanella, B C -- Vande Woude, G F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 10;225(4662):643-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6740333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; *Oncogenes ; Teratoma/*genetics ; Time Factors
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  • 22
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    Estrogen receptor analysis by flow cytometry (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: A fluorescently labeled estradiol, N'-fluoresceino-N'-(17 beta-estradiol hemisuccinamide) thiourea (FE) was used for measuring estrogen receptor content per cell in tumor cells. The cellular content of FE was measured quantitatively by flow cytometry. Binding of FE occurs in the nanomolar concentration range, an indication of the high affinity of the labeled estradiol. Competition of FE for binding sites is observed with estrogens, but not with progestins, androgens, or glucocorticosteroids, indicating the specificity of FE binding. In contrast to other estrogen receptor assays, this new technique requires a small sample size (about 5000 cells) and permits the assessment of heterogeneity in estrogen receptor expression among tumor cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van, N T -- Raber, M -- Barrows, G H -- Barlogie, B -- CA 16672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 28771/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):876-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding, Competitive ; Breast Neoplasms/*analysis ; Cell Line ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; *Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Receptors, Estrogen/*analysis ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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  • 23
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    Rectal insemination modifies immune responses in rabbits (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-04-27
    Description: Weekly deposition of pooled rabbit semen into the rectum in healthy male rabbits resulted in the appearance of immune complexes and antibodies to sperm and to peripheral blood lymphocyte antigens. It also led to a decreased ability to mount a humoral immune response to T lymphocyte-dependent antigens, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and sheep red blood cells. These findings suggest that repeated rectal deposition of semen may compromise some aspects of the immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richards, J M -- Bedford, J M -- Witkin, S S -- CA 35018/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD16587/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 27;224(4647):390-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6608789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/analysis ; *Antibody Formation ; *Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Erythrocytes/immunology ; *G(M1) Ganglioside ; Glycosphingolipids/immunology ; Hemocyanin/immunology ; Immunoglobulins/analysis ; *Insemination ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Male ; Rabbits ; *Rectum ; Semen/*immunology ; Spermatozoa/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Time Factors
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  • 24
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    Transmammary infection of newborn by larval trematodes (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-03-09
    Description: Newborn cats and mice became infected with Alaria marcianae if they nursed from females that had been experimentally infected with the parasite. All lactating females showed mesocercarial stages in their mammary glands. This may be the first trematode found to undergo transmission through the mammary glands under experimental conditions. Similarities in the behavior of mesocercariae in humans and in the mouse suggest that an infected human female might infect her infant if she elected to nurse it.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shoop, W L -- Corkum, K C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 9;223(4640):1082-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cats ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; *Lactation ; Mammary Glands, Animal/*parasitology ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Trematode Infections/congenital/parasitology/*transmission
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  • 25
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    Spinal sympathetic pathway: an enkephalin ladder (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-17
    Description: Enkephalin distribution was examined in autonomic areas of the rat thoracic spinal cord. The localization of enkephalin fibers coincided with nuclear regions containing sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Horizontal sections revealed a pattern for enkephalin fibers resembling Laruelle's description of the localization of sympathetic preganglionic neurons as rungs of a ladder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Romagnano, M A -- Hamill, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):737-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6463650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic/physiology ; Cats ; Colchicine ; Enkephalins/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Spinal Cord/*physiology ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*physiology
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  • 26
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    Ventral posterior thalamic neurons differentially responsive to noxious stimulation of the awake monkey (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-12
    Description: Of 76 cutaneously activated neurons recorded from the ventral posterior thalamus of awake, behaving monkeys, nine were weakly excited by innocuous skin stimulation and responded maximally only when noxious mechanical cutaneous stimuli were delivered within small, contralateral receptive fields. These results show that neurons capable of encoding the spatial and temporal features of noxious stimuli are located in the ventral posterior thalamus of the awake primate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casey, K L -- Morrow, T J -- NS 12581/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 12;221(4611):675-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Consciousness/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Physical Stimulation ; Rats ; Saimiri ; Thalamic Nuclei/physiology ; Thalamus/cytology/*physiology
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  • 27
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    Memory retrieval: a time-locked process in infancy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-12-23
    Description: Three-month-old infants learned to activate an overhead crib mobile by operant footkicking and received a visual reminder of the event (a "reactivation treatment") 2 weeks later, after forgetting had occurred. Subsequent manifestation of the association was a monotonic increasing function of time since the reactivation treatment, and performance of infants tested 8 hours after the remainder was related to the time spent sleeping in the interim (r = 0.75). These data demonstrate that normal retrieval is time-dependent. Moreover, individual data suggest that retrieval may be continuous rather than discontinuous.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fagen, J W -- Rovee-Collier, C -- MH 32307/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 23;222(4630):1349-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6658456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Infant ; *Memory ; Time Factors
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  • 28
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    Proviral DNA of a retrovirus, human T-cell leukemia virus, in two patients with AIDS (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-20
    Description: The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by T-lymphocyte dysfunction and is frequently accompanied by opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma. Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) is associated with T-cell malignancies and can transform T lymphocytes in vitro. In an attempt to find evidence of HTLV infection in patients with AIDS, DNA from samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 33 AIDS patients was analyzed by Southern blot-hybridization with a radiolabeled cloned HTLV DNA probe. Analysis of DNA from both the fresh (uncultured) lymphocytes and from T cells cultured with T-cell growth factor revealed the presence of integrated HTLV proviral sequences in lymphocytes from two of the patients, both of whom had antibody to HTLV. The proviral sequences could not be detected in blood samples obtained from these individuals at a later date, consistent with the possibility that the population of infected cells had become depleted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gelmann, E P -- Popovic, M -- Blayney, D -- Masur, H -- Sidhu, G -- Stahl, R E -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):862-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6601822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/immunology/*microbiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Cats ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Retroviridae/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/analysis/microbiology ; Tumor Virus Infections/complications/*microbiology
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  • 29
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    Expression of a cellular oncogene during liver regeneration (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-02-04
    Description: The number of transcripts of the cellular oncogene ras, which is homologous to the transforming gene of Harvey sarcoma virus, increases during liver regeneration in rats. The increase in these transcripts in liver polysomal polyadenylated RNA occurs at the time of activation of DNA synthesis during the regenerative process induced by partial hepatectomy or carbon tetrachloride injury. The number of ras transcripts returns to basal levels within 72 hours. These observations show that transcription of a cellular oncogene increases in a regulated way in a nonneoplastic growth process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goyette, M -- Petropoulos, C J -- Shank, P R -- Fausto, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 4;219(4584):510-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6297003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Hepatectomy ; *Liver Regeneration ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Rats ; Sarcoma Viruses, Murine/genetics ; Time Factors ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 30
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    Hand preference across time is related to intelligence in young girls, not boys (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: Consistency of hand preference was examined in a longitudinal study of children between 18 and 42 months of age. Results showed a sex-specific relationship between hand consistency and intellectual development. Across a variety of intellectual abilities at all ages, females with consistency of handedness were precocious compared to females without such consistency. This relationship did not hold for males.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gottfried, A W -- Bathurst, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1074-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child, Preschool ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Infant ; *Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Sex Factors ; Time Factors
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  • 31
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    A cholinergic-sensitive channel in the cat visual system tuned to low spatial frequencies (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: Visually evoked responses to counterphased gratings were recorded from the cat visual cortex before and after physostigmine administration. Physostigmine markedly reduced the responses to low spatial frequencies, but minimally affected the response to high frequencies. This effect is considered cholinergic since it could be reversed by atropine. These results support at least a two-channel model of spatial frequency responsivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harding, T H -- Wiley, R W -- Kirby, A W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1076-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atropine/pharmacology ; Cats ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Models, Neurological ; Parasympathetic Nervous System/*physiology ; Physostigmine/pharmacology ; *Vision, Ocular/drug effects ; Visual Cortex/*physiology
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  • 32
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    Active shortening retards the decline of the intracellular calcium transient in mammalian heart muscle (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: When active shortening of the cat papillary muscle was allowed at any time during a contraction, the intracellular concentration of free calcium ions, detected with the calcium-sensitive bioluminescent protein aequorin, was higher than at comparable times in isometric twitches. The difference was not attributable to the differences of length involved or to motion artifacts, and must have been related to the act of shortening or the difference in force development in the two types of contractions. This observation and the phenomenon of shortening deactivation are both consistent with the hypothesis that attachment of cross bridges increases the affinity of the myofilaments for calcium ions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Housmans, P R -- Lee, N K -- Blinks, J R -- HL 12186/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- TW 03046/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):159-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aequorin ; Animals ; Calcium/analysis/*physiology ; Cats ; Extracellular Space/analysis ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/physiology
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  • 33
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    Red/Green color opponency at detection threshold (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-01-14
    Description: By means of visual stimnulus without temporal or spatial edges, we have achieved better isolation of chromatic signals at detection threshold than has been reported previously. Under various states of adaptation, the spectral sensitivity of the chromatic mechanism detecting middle- and long-wavelength lights corresponds with that deduced from suprathreshold red/green hue equilibriums.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thornton, J E -- Pugh, E N Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 14;219(4581):191-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Color Perception/*physiology ; Humans ; Spectrum Analysis ; Time Factors
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  • 34
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    Human endothelial cells: use of heparin in cloning and long-term serial cultivation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-11
    Description: Endothelial cells from human blood vessels were cultured in vitro, with doubling times of 17 to 21 hours for 42 to 79 population doublings. Cloned human endothelial cell strains were established for the first time and had similar proliferative capacities. This vigorous cell growth was achieved by addition of heparin to culture medium containing reduced concentrations of endothelial cell growth factor. The routine cloning and long-term culture of human endothelial cells will facilitate studying the human endothelium in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thornton, S C -- Mueller, S N -- Levine, E M -- AG-00839/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA-09171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 11;222(4624):623-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6635659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells/enzymology ; Endothelium/*cytology ; Growth Substances/pharmacology ; Heparin/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Time Factors
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    Recovery of normal topography in the somatosensory cortex of monkeys after nerve crush and regeneration (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: After median nerve fibers to glabrous skin on the hands of monkeys were crushed and allowed to regenerate, normal topographical organization was recovered in the representation of the hand in primary somatosensory cortex. Similar recovery of normal cortical organization may underlie the sensory restoration that usually follows nerve crush injury in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wall, J T -- Felleman, D J -- Kaas, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):771-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aotus trivirgatus/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Hand/innervation ; *Nerve Crush ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    DNA methylation decreases in aging but not in immortal cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: When normal diploid fibroblasts from mice, hamsters, and humans were grown in culture, the 5-methylcytosine content of their DNA's markedly decreased. The greatest rate of loss of 5-methylcytosine residues was observed in mouse cells, which survived the least number of division. Immortal mouse cell lines had more stable rates of methylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, V L -- Jones, P A -- 1-T32-CA09320/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM30892/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1055-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6844925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine ; *Aging ; Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Cytosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism/*physiology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Humans ; Mesocricetus ; Methylation ; Mice ; Time Factors
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    Temporal selectivity in the central auditory system of the leopard frog (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: Amplitude modulation is a predominant temporal feature in many vocal signals. The leopard frog, Rana pipiens, has a class of neurons in the central auditory system that respond selectively to particular rates of amplitude modulation; these neurons can be characterized by a temporal tuning curve. Such selectivity is absent in the peripheral auditory system. This type of transformation may be fundamental in processing temporal information in the vertebrate sensory nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rose, G -- Capranica, R R -- NS-09244/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1087-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6600522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Communication ; Animals ; Auditory Pathways/*physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Rana pipiens/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Leukotrienes: mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Arachidonic acid plays a central role in a biological control system where such oxygenated derivatives as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are mediators. The leukotrienes are formed by transformation of arachidonic acid into an unstable epoxide intermediate, leukotriene A4, which can be converted enzymatically by hydration to leukotriene B4, and by addition of glutathione to leukotriene C4. This last compound is metabolized to leukotrienes D4 and E4 by successive elimination of a gamma-glutamyl residue and glycine. Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis consists of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4. The cysteinyl-containing leukotrienes are potent bronchoconstrictors, increase vascular permeability in postcapillary venules, and stimulate mucus secretion. Leukotriene B4 causes adhesion and chemotactic movement of leukocytes and stimulates aggregation, enzyme release, and generation of superoxide in neutrophils. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, which are released from the lung tissue of asthmatic subjects exposed to specific allergens, seem to play a pathophysiological role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. These leukotrienes, as well as leukotriene B4, have pro-inflammatory effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samuelsson, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):568-75.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism/pharmacology/physiology ; Bronchi/drug effects ; Cats ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*physiopathology ; Inflammation/*physiopathology ; Leukocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Leukotriene B4/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; SRS-A/*physiology
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    Calicivirus isolation and persistence in a pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus) (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: What may be the first calicivirus isolate from any primate species, including man, was recovered from a herpesvirus-like lip lesion on a pygmy chimpanzee and then, 6 months later, from the throat of the same animal. The infected individual and its cage mates had circulating antibodies that were type-specific for this calicivirus. The agent was antigenically different from 30 other calicivirus serotypes and is tentatively designated primate calicivirus Pan paniscus type 1 (PCV-Pan 1).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, A W -- Skilling, D E -- Ensley, P K -- Benirschke, K -- Lester, T L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):79-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6304880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Complex/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Caliciviridae/immunology/*isolation & purification/ultrastructure ; Cats ; Cattle ; Hominidae/*microbiology ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Picornaviridae Infections/*microbiology ; Swine
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    Suppression of the humoral antibody response in natural retrovirus infections (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-20
    Description: The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) frequently causes death by predisposing the host to acute infections by other pathogens rather than by inducing leukemia. In a previous study, cats infected with FeLV were found to have prolonged homograft rejection responses but there was no evidence that the humoral immune response was impaired. In the present study, the humoral response to the synthetic multichain polypeptide (L-tyrosine-L-glutamic acid)-poly-DL-alanine-poly-L-lysine, denoted (T.G)AL, was found to be significantly depressed in healthy cats that were naturally infected with FeLV compared to uninfected controls. In cats with persistent FeLV viremia the major antibody response to (T.G)AL, normally seen at days 9 to 14 after immunization, was both delayed and greatly reduced.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trainin, Z -- Wernicke, D -- Ungar-Waron, H -- Essex, M -- CA-13885/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-18216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):858-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Cats ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Graft Rejection ; Immune Tolerance ; Leukemia/*immunology ; Leukemia Virus, Feline ; Peptides/immunology ; Rodentia
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    Effects of tyrosine administration on serum biopterin in normal controls and patients with Parkinson's disease (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-07
    Description: After administration of tyrosine, total concentration of biopterin, the cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase, was increased in the striatum, adrenal glands, and serum of rats, and in the serum of humans. Serum biopterin is lower in patients with Parkinson's disease than in normal controls. After oral administration of tyrosine, the increase in serum biopterin concentration was smaller in patients with Parkinson's disease (less than twofold) than in healthy controls (three-to sevenfold). These results suggest that tyrosine may have a regulatory role in biopterin biosynthesis and that patients with Parkinson's disease may have some abnormality in the regulation of biopterin biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamaguchi, T -- Nagatsu, T -- Sugimoto, T -- Matsuura, S -- Kondo, T -- Iizuka, R -- Narabayashi, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 7;219(4580):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Adrenal Glands/metabolism ; Alanine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Biopterin/*blood ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/*blood ; Pteridines/*blood ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors ; Tyrosine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
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    Ethanol modulation of opiate receptors in cultured neural cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-12-16
    Description: The mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 was used to study the acute and chronic interaction of ethanol with intact neural cells. In the short term, ethanol inhibited opiate receptor binding, but after long-term exposure the cells exhibited an apparent adaptive increase in the number of opiate binding sites; this was reversible when ethanol was withdrawn. High concentrations of ethanol (200 mM) increased opiate binding after 18 to 24 hours, whereas lower concentrations (25 to 50 mM) produced similar changes after 2 weeks. This model system has potential for exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol intoxication, tolerance, and withdrawal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charness, M E -- Gordon, A S -- Diamond, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 16;222(4629):1246-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6316506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enkephalin, Methionine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Glioma ; Hybrid Cells ; Mice ; Neuroblastoma ; Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects/metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Activation of central neurons by ventral root afferents (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-25
    Description: It is a fundamental principle of vertebrate neuronal organization that sensory fibers are restricted to dorsal roots and motor fibers to ventral roots. Recent evidence, however, indicates that there are many sensory fibers in ventral roots. The present report shows that stimulation of these fibers activates neurons in the dorsal horn. This provides evidence at the single-cell level for the importance of ventral root afferents and provides an explanation for the clinical phenomenon of recurrent sensibility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chung, J M -- Lee, K H -- Endo, K -- Coggeshall, R E -- NS 10161/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 11255/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 18830/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 25;222(4626):934-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6635665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Electric Stimulation ; Microelectrodes ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Reaction Time ; Spinal Nerve Roots/*physiology
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    Taste flashes: reaction times, intensity, and quality (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-28
    Description: Human simple reaction times and magnitude estimates of taste intensity increased as the duration of 500-millimolar sodium chloride or 2-millimolar saccharin sodium pulses lengthened from 100 to 1000 milliseconds. Responses to "What was the taste?" ranged from 94 to 100 percent "sweet" for saccharin and 68 to 83 percent "salty" for salt across all pulse durations when both substances were randomized with water pulses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelling, S T -- Halpern, B P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 28;219(4583):412-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Saccharin ; Sodium Chloride ; Taste/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen: enhancement by prior injection of antibodies to the idiotype (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: Anti-idiotype reagents that recognize a common idiotype associated with the combining site of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) were used to manipulate the immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen in BALB/c mice. The injection of antibodies to the idiotype before antigenic stimulation resulted in an increase in the number of cells secreting immunoglobulin M antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen. Anti-HBs-secreting cells were also induced by administration of antibodies to the idiotype without subsequent antigen exposure. These findings indicate that the immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen in mice is regulated through an idiotype-anti-idiotype network.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, R C -- Adler-Storthz, K -- Henkel, R D -- Sanchez, Y -- Melnick, J L -- Dreesman, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):853-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6603657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/*biosynthesis ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/*biosynthesis ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/*immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/immunology ; Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis ; Mice ; Spleen/immunology ; Time Factors
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    Vaginal stimulation: an important determinant of maternal bonding in sheep (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-01-07
    Description: The immediate induction of the full complement of maternal behavior in nonpregnant ewes primed with estrogen and progesterone has been obtained after 5 minutes of vaginal-cervical stimulation. A similar period of such stimulation given to recently parturient ewes, after the development of selective bonding to their own lambs, reversed their rejection behavior of alien lambs and produced a state of plasticity in maternal behavior, such that ewes receiving vaginal stimulation would accept and adopt alien lambs. These findings implicate vaginal-cervical stimulation as playing a role in the onset of maternal behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keverne, E B -- Levy, F -- Poindron, P -- Lindsay, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 7;219(4580):81-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; *Maternal Behavior ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Sheep/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Vagina/*physiology
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    Pregnancy increases reactivity of mice to phenobarbital (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-29
    Description: Compared to nonpregnant controls, pregnant mice injected with phenobarbital had lower concentrations of the drug in the plasma but equivalent concentrations in the brain. In spite of the similar concentrations in the brain, the behavioral response to phenobarbital was greater for pregnant than nonpregnant mice. These results suggest that the concentration of phenobarbital in the plasma, which is commonly used as a basis for adjusting phenobarbital dosage during pregnancy, is not an appropriate indicator of the dynamics of the drug.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Middaugh, L D -- Zemp, J W -- Boggan, W O -- AA03532/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- DA00041/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA01750/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 29;220(4596):534-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Phenobarbital/analysis/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Pregnancy/drug effects ; Time Factors
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    Transported proteins in the regenerating optic nerve: regulation by interactions with the optic tectum (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-10-14
    Description: The transport of specific proteins in regenerating optic fibers of goldfish depends on the presence or absence of the optic tectum. When optic fibers were allowed to contact the tectum, amounts of rapidly transported proteins having molecular weights between 120,000 and 160,000 increased, and a species of molecular weight 26,000 reverted to normal levels. When nerves were prevented from contacting the tectum, the amount of the 26,000-molecular weight protein remained high for months. Amounts of other transported proteins, in particular a group of acidic components of molecular weight 44,000 to 49,000 that increase greatly at early stages of regeneration, proved to be independent of the tectum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benowitz, L I -- Yoon, M G -- Lewis, E R -- R01NS16943/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 14;222(4620):185-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6194562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axonal Transport ; Biological Transport ; Cell Communication ; Goldfish ; Isoelectric Point ; Molecular Weight ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Superior Colliculi/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Pathways/*physiology
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    Clot-selective coronary thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: Coronary thrombolysis, an intervention that can abort the sequelae of acute myocardial infarction, was accomplished within 10 minutes in dogs by intravenous administration of clot-selective, tissue-type plasminogen activator. In addition to inducing clot lysis, this promising fibrinolytic agent restored intermediary metabolism and nutritional myocardial blood flow, detectable noninvasively with positron tomography, without inducing a systemic fibrinolytic state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergmann, S R -- Fox, K A -- Ter-Pogossian, M M -- Sobel, B E -- Collen, D -- HL 17646/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1181-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6602378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coronary Disease/*drug therapy/radionuclide imaging ; Dogs ; Fibrinogen/analysis ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Injections ; Plasminogen Activators/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Streptokinase/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
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    Subthreshold excitatory activity and motoneuron discharge during REM periods of active sleep (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: A striking paradox of the rapid eye movement periods of active sleep, which are typically characterized by the exacerbation of somatomotor atonia, is the occurrence of muscle twitches and jerks. The purpose of this study was to examine the specific motoneuron membrane potential processes responsible for these myoclonic patterns of activity. In lumbar motoneurons, examined intracellularly in the cat prepared for long-term study, these processes consisted of recurrent depolarizing membrane potential shifts and spontaneous action potentials that were either full-sized or of partial amplitude. In addition, the invasion of antidromically induced spikes into the soma was often blocked. Hyperpolarizing potentials were evident in the intervals between spontaneous spikes. Hyperpolarization was also observed immediately before depolarization and spike activity, in contrast to the gradual depolarization of the motoneuron membrane potential that always occurred during wakefulness. Thus, during rapid eye movement periods, in conjunction with muscle twitches and jerks, a strong excitatory input is superimposed on a background of inhibitory input. The unique patterns of membrane potential change that arise thus seem to result from the simultaneous coactivation of excitatory and inhibitory processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chase, M H -- Morales, F R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1195-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6310749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Membrane Potentials ; *Motor Activity ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; *Sleep, REM ; Synaptic Transmission
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    Failure to integrate information from successive fixations (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonides, J -- Irwin, D E -- Yantis, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 14;222(4620):188.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Research Design ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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    Infants' discrimination of the duration of a rapid spectrum change in nonspeech signals (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-10-14
    Description: Two-month-old infants discriminated complex sinusoidal patterns that varied in the duration of their initial frequency transitions. Discrimination of these nonspeech sinusoidal patterns was a function of both the duration of the transitions and the total duration of the stimulus pattern. This contextual effect was observed even though the information specifying stimulus duration occurred after the transitional information. These findings parallel those observed with infants for perception of synthetic speech stimuli. Specialized speech processing capacities are thus not required to account for infants' sensitivity to contextual effects in acoustic signals, whether speech or nonspeech.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jusczyk, P W -- Pisoni, D B -- Reed, M A -- Fernald, A -- Myers, M -- HD-11915/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-15795-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MH-24027/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 14;222(4620):175-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *Infant ; Speech Perception/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Rate of synaptic replacement in denervated rat hippocampus declines precipitously from the juvenile period to adulthood (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-05
    Description: Synaptic contacts per unit area in the rat dentate gyrus reach adult numbers by the end of the first month after birth and remain constant thereafter. This experiment demonstrated that the rate at which synapses were replaced by sprouting after a lesion declined dramatically from 35 to 90 days of age. Thus, the juvenile period of the rat's life is marked by a considerable change in neuronal plasticity. This may be related to age-dependent effects in recovery from brain damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McWilliams, J R -- Lynch, G -- 5 F32 NS06821/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- AG00538-06/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 5;221(4610):572-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Denervation ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Male ; Nerve Degeneration ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Rats ; Synapses/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Very brief visual experience eliminates plasticity in the cat visual cortex (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: Rearing cats in the dark extends the critical period for development of visual cortical neurons, which indicates that the experience of visual input is necessary to begin the developmental process. A single brief pulse of visual input (6 hours) during a period of dark-rearing eliminates delayed development in the visual cortex. Light therefore seems to rapidly trigger the developmental process, and once triggered, that process runs to completion in the absence of further input.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mower, G D -- Christen, W G -- Caplan, C J -- EY 03335/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD 06276/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):178-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Darkness ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Time Factors ; Vision, Ocular/physiology ; Visual Cortex/growth & development/*physiology
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    Interactions among converging sensory inputs in the superior colliculus (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-22
    Description: The responses of superior colliculus cells to a given sensory stimulus were influenced by the presence or absence of other sensory cues. By pooling sensory inputs, many superior colliculus cells seem to amplify the effects of subtle environmental cues in certain conditions, whereas in others, responses to normally effective stimuli can be blocked. The observations illustrate the dynamic, interactive nature of the multisensory inputs which characterize the deeper laminae of the superior colliculus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meredith, M A -- Stein, B E -- EY 04119/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- NS 06838/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 22;221(4608):389-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6867718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Cats ; Cricetinae ; Neural Inhibition ; Photic Stimulation ; Sensory Thresholds ; Superior Colliculi/cytology/*physiology
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    Monkey model of Parkinson's disease (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6403987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Adult ; Animals ; Cats ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/*chemically induced ; Pyridines/*adverse effects ; Rats ; Substantia Nigra/drug effects/physiopathology ; Swine
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    Visual sustained attention: image degradation produces rapid sensitivity decrement over time (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Perceptual sensitivity to a visual target presented in a random continuous sequence of targets and nontargets decreased rapidly over time when stimuli were highly degraded visually but not when moderately degraded or undegraded. Large declines in sensitivity, independent of changes in response criterion, were found after only 5 minutes of observation. These rapid decrements of sensitivity to degraded targets seem to result from demands on the limited capacity of visual attention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nuechterlein, K H -- Parasuraman, R -- Jiang, Q -- 784040-29867-5/PHS HHS/ -- MH 30911/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):327-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Attention ; Child ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; Time Factors ; *Visual Perception
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    Physiological correlates of prolonged sleep deprivation in rats (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-08
    Description: The issue of whether sleep is physiologically necessary has been unresolved because experiments that reported deleterious effects of sleep deprivation did not control for the stimuli used to prevent sleep. In this experiment, however, experimental and control rats received the same relatively mild physical stimuli, but stimulus presentations were timed to reduce sleep severely in experimental rats but not in controls. Experimental rats suffered severe pathology and death; control rats did not.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rechtschaffen, A -- Gilliland, M A -- Bergmann, B M -- Winter, J B -- MH-18428/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-4151/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 8;221(4606):182-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/pathology ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Electroencephalography ; Male ; Organ Size ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sleep Deprivation/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Relative brain size and metabolism in mammals (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-06-17
    Description: Comparisons of the relation between brain and body weights among extant mammals show that brain sizes have not increased as much as body sizes. Interspecific increases in brain and body size appear to occur at the same rate, however, when the amount of available energy is taken into account. After this adjustment, brains of primates are slightly larger than expected from the overall mammalian data, but primates also use a larger proportion of their total energy reserves for their brains. Analyses of relative brain size must take into account the requirements that the metabolically active brain has for the body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armstrong, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 17;220(4603):1302-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6407108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Basal Metabolism ; Body Weight ; Cats ; Chiroptera/anatomy & histology ; Dogs ; Haplorhini/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Primates/anatomy & histology ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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    Tumor promotion by phorbol esters in skin: evidence for a memory effect (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: By means of a two-stage promotion protocol in mouse epidermis with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate as first-stage promoter and 12-O-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate as second-stage promoter, the effects of the former that are critical and obligatory for tumor promotion were shown to be irreversible in nature for at least 8 weeks. The reversibility of tumor promotion was related to the second stage of promotion, reflecting the reversibility of epidermal hyperplasia induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Furstenberger, G -- Sorg, B -- Marks, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 1;220(4592):89-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogens/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Epidermis/drug effects ; Female ; Hyperplasia/chemically induced ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; Phorbol Esters/*adverse effects ; Phorbols/*adverse effects ; Precancerous Conditions/chemically induced ; Skin Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/*adverse effects ; Time Factors
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    Human T-cell leukemia virus linked to AIDS (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):806-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6601821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/*microbiology ; Animals ; Cats ; Humans ; *Retroviridae/isolation & purification ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Tumor Virus Infections/complications/*microbiology
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    Differential effects of classical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on A9 and A10 dopamine neurons (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: Prolonged treatment with classical antipsychotic drugs decreased the number of spontaneously active dopamine neurons in both the substantia nigra (A9) and the ventral tegmental area (A10) of the rat brain. In contrast, treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs selectively decreased the number of A10 dopamine neurons. Related drugs lacking antipsychotic efficacy failed to decrease dopamine activity. These findings suggest that the inability of atypical antipsychotic drugs to decrease A9 dopamine neuronal activity may be related to their lower potential for causing tardive dyskinesia and that the inactivation of A10 neurons may be involved in the delayed onset of therapeutic effects during treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, F J -- Wang, R Y -- MH 00378/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-34424/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1054-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6136093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Male ; Metoclopramide/pharmacology ; Mice ; Neurons/metabolism ; Pons/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Substantia Nigra/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Rhodamine-123 selectively reduces clonal growth of carcinoma cells in vitro (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: Rhodamine-123, a cationic laser dye, markedly reduced the clonal growth of carcinoma cells but had little effect on nontumorigenic epithelial cells in vitro. This selective inhibitory effect of Rhodamine-123 on some carcinomas is unusual since known anticancer drugs, such as arabinosyl cytosine and methotrexate, have not been shown to exhibit such selectivity in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernal, S D -- Lampidis, T J -- Summerhayes, I C -- Chen, L B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1117-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma/*drug therapy ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy ; Rhodamine 123 ; Rhodamines/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy
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    Reduced leucine-enkephalin--like immunoreactive substance in hamster basal ganglia after long-term ethanol exposure (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-06-25
    Description: Golden Syrian hamsters were placed individually in cages with three drinking bottles--one empty, one containing water, and the third containing water and ethanol. Control hamsters received water only. After 1 year the experimental hamsters showed a significantly lower concentration of leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactive substance in the basal ganglia than the control hamsters. This finding indicates that the action of ethanol involves endogenous peptidyl opiates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blum, K -- Briggs, A H -- Elston, S F -- DeLallo, L -- Sheridan, P J -- Sar, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 25;216(4553):1425-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basal Ganglia/*drug effects ; Cricetinae ; Endorphins/*analysis ; Enkephalin, Leucine ; Enkephalins/*analysis/metabolism ; Ethanol/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Mesocricetus ; Time Factors
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    Long-term synaptic potentiation in the superior cervical ganglion (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-03-12
    Description: Brief tetanic stimulation of the preganglionic nerves to the superior cervical ganglion enhances the postganglionic response to single preganglionic stimuli for 1 to 3 hours. This long-term potentiation of transmission through the ganglion is apparently not attributable to a persistent muscarinic action of the preganglionic neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, since neither the magnitude nor the time course of the phenomenon is reduced by atropine. The decay of long-term potentiation can be described by a first-order kinetic process with a mean time constant of 80 minutes. We conclude that long-term potentiation, once considered a unique property of the hippocampus, is in fact a more general feature of synaptic function. This form of synaptic memory may significantly influence information processing and control in other regions of the nervous system, including autonomic ganglia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, T H -- McAfee, D A -- 12116/PHS HHS/ -- NS 16576/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 12;215(4538):1411-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6278593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Learning/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Rats ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors
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    Basilar membrane tuning in the cat cochlea (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khanna, S M -- Leonard, D G -- 5 K04 NS 00292/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 5 R01 NS 03654/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 15;215(4530):305-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basilar Membrane/*physiology ; Cats ; Cochlea/*physiology ; Ear, Inner/*physiology ; Hearing/*physiology ; Vibration
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    Breast-feeding patterns in low-income countries (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: Breast-feeding is important to infant nutrition, morbidity, and mortality, and to postpartum amenorrhea (hence to birth intervals). Evidence on breast-feeding patterns in low-income countries from nationally representative World Fertility Surveys and secondary sources shows that in all but a few such countries most children are breast-fed for at least a few months. The limited evidence available on trends seems to indicate a decline in the duration of breast-feeding, but in most of Asia and Africa breast-feeding is almost universal during at least the first 6 months. Earlier weaning is common in Latin America.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Popkin, B M -- Bilsborrow, R E -- Akin, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1088-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Asia ; *Breast Feeding ; *Developing Countries ; Female ; Humans ; Rural Population ; South America ; Time Factors ; Urban Population
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    Manipulation of event-related potential manifestations of information processing stages (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-26
    Description: The timing of two event-related potential components was differentially affected by two experimental variables. The earlier component (NA) was affected by degradation of the stimuli and the later component (N2) by the nature of a classification task. The results support the hypothesis that NA and N2 reflect sequential stages of information processing, namely, pattern recognition and stimulus classification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ritter, W -- Simson, R -- Vaughan, H G Jr -- Macht, M -- HD 10804/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- IF32 AGO-5193/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH 06723/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 26;218(4575):909-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cognition/*physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Information Theory ; Perception/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Human fetal movement: spontaneous oscillations near one cycle per minute (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-24
    Description: Spectral analysis of spontaneous fluctuations in human fetal movement revealed strong oscillations at frequencies between 0.24 and 0.90 cycle per minute, which are much higher than those of the cyclic alternation of quiet and active states in the fetus and neonate. Oscillations at frequencies up to 2.88 cycles per minute were also detected, but they were usually much weaker. The prominent peaks in the fetal movement spectra are in the frequency range of recently reported neonatal motor rhythms, and indicate the existence of a cyclic process controlling spontaneous motor output that oscillates near one cycle per minute and begins to function in utero.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robertson, S S -- Dierker, L J -- Sorokin, Y -- Rosen, M G -- M01RR00210/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P50HD11089/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 24;218(4579):1327-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; Humans ; *Movement ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Spectrum Analysis/methods ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 70
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    Force-sensitive interneurons in the spinal cord of the cat (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-13
    Description: The input-output properties of interneurons mediating spinal reflexes were investigated by extracellularly recording the response of interneurons to excitation from muscle receptors in the ankle extensor muscles of decerebrated, spinal cats. A population ofinterneurons in the intermediate region ofthe spinal cord is potently excited by increases in muscle force. Unlike the discharge of Golgi tendon organs, which accurately encodes moment-to-moment variations in the force of a single muscle, the discharge of these interneurons depends in a dynamic and usually nonlinear way on the force in several muscles. Powerful input from unidentified mechanoreceptors in muscle, presumably free nerve endings, is at least partly responsible for these properties. These force-sensitive interneurons are more likely to mediate clasp knife-type inhibition than simple negative force feedback.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cleland, C L -- Rymer, W Z -- Edwards, F R -- 5T32GM07350/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS14959/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 13;217(4560):652-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Evoked Potentials ; Golgi-Mazzoni Corpuscles/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interneurons/*physiology ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/innervation ; *Proprioception ; Reflex, Stretch ; Spinal Cord/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 71
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    Spinal sympathetic neurons: possible sites of opiate-withdrawal suppression by clonidine (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-03-26
    Description: Morphine, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl, and clonidine rapidly depressed transmission through sympathetic preganglionic neurons in cats with the spinal cord transected. Naloxone promptly antagonized this effect of the opiates but not that of clonidine which was reversed by alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonists. The independent depression of preganglionic neurons by clonidine may contribute to the ability of this drug to depress the symptoms of opiate withdrawal that are characterized by sympathetic hyperactivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Franz, D N -- Hare, D B -- McCloskey, K L -- GM-07579/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL-24085/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RR-05428/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 26;215(4540):1643-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6280276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Clonidine/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Humans ; Narcotics/pharmacology ; Receptors, Drug/drug effects ; Reflex/drug effects ; Spinal Cord/cytology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*drug therapy ; Sympathetic Nervous System/*drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/*drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 72
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    Intracellular pH of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-05-28
    Description: Mitogenic stimulation of mouse lymphocytes results in two sequential intracellular alkalinizations. The first shift of intracellular pH from 7.18 to 7.35 coincides with early biochemical events following mitogenic stimulation. The second alkalinization begins 12 hours after stimulation and rises in parallel with the rate of thymidine incorporation. The results suggest that intracellular alkalinization following stimulation may play a key role in the enhancement of cellular activation and mitogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerson, D F -- Kiefer, H -- Eufe, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 28;216(4549):1009-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6281887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/physiology ; DNA Replication ; *Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Mice ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Phosphotransferases/metabolism ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 73
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    Flexor reflex control of the external sphincter of the urethra in paraplegia (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-11
    Description: In paraplegics and quadriplegics a profound paralysis of skeletal muscles occurs below the level of the spinal lesion. Unexplained in this state is the development of an overactive external urethral sphincter, which interferes with emptying of the bladder and may lead to infection of the urinary tract. Studies of cats show that the discharge of motoneurons causing this contraction has all the characteristics of a flexor reflex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jolesz, F A -- Cheng-Tao, X -- Ruenzel, P W -- Henneman, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 11;216(4551):1243-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7200635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Paraplegia/*physiopathology ; Reflex/physiology ; Urethra/*innervation/physiopathology
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  • 74
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    Interspecies variations in mammalian lens metabolites as detected by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-03-26
    Description: Multiple interspecies differences were detected between humans and seven other mammals in 15 of the 24 metabolites measured in the intact crystalline lens and lens perchloric acid extracts. Generally, the number of statistically significant metabolite differences among the various species, relative to the human, increase in the following order: cat or approximately dog greater than pig greater than rat greater than sheep greater than rabbit greater than cow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kopp, S J -- Glonek, T -- Greiner, J V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 26;215(4540):1622-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7071581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine Nucleotides/metabolism ; Animals ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Cats ; Choline/metabolism ; Dogs ; Humans ; Lens, Crystalline/*metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Phosphocreatine/metabolism ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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  • 75
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    Precipitated withdrawal by a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist (Ro 15-1788) after 7 days of diazepam (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-09-17
    Description: Baboons implanted with intragastric catheters were given diazepam (10 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) twice daily for 45 consecutive days. On days 7 and 35, they were given intramuscular injections of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist Ro 15-1788. Mild and intermediate withdrawal signs, including retching and vomiting, were observed after 7 days of diazepam, and more frequent and intense withdrawal signs, including tremor and convulsion, occurred after 35 days of diazepam. With the termination of the diazepam injections after 45 days, a mild to intermediate withdrawal syndrome was observed over the next 15-day period.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lukas, S E -- Griffiths, R R -- DA-01147/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-05186/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 17;217(4565):1161-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6287579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepinones/*pharmacology ; Diazepam/*pharmacology ; Flumazenil ; Humans ; Male ; Papio ; Receptors, Drug/*drug effects ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*chemically induced ; Time Factors
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  • 76
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    Sleep-promoting factor isolated (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maugh, T H 2nd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 25;216(4553):1400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6124035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/*analogs & derivatives ; Alanine/analysis ; Animals ; Cats ; Diaminopimelic Acid/analysis ; Glutamates/analysis ; Glutamic Acid ; Glycopeptides/*urine ; Humans ; Intestines/microbiology ; Muramic Acids/analysis ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/analysis ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Sleep/*drug effects
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  • 77
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    Cellular mechanism of neuronal synchronization in epilepsy (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-05-14
    Description: Interictal spikes are a simple kind of epileptic neuronal activity. Field potentials and intracellular recordings observed during interictal spikes of penicillin-treated slices of the hippocampus were reproduced by a mathematical model of a network of 100 hippocampal neurons from the region including CA2 and CA3. The model shows that this form of neuronal synchronization arises because of mutual excitation between neurons, each of which is capable of intrinsic bursting in response to a brief input.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Traub, R D -- Wong, R K -- NS18464/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 14;216(4547):745-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Epilepsy/*physiopathology ; Hippocampus/*physiopathology ; Models, Biological ; Neurons/physiology ; Penicillins/pharmacology ; Time Factors
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  • 78
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    Bronchoconstrictor effects of leukotriene C in humans (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-04-09
    Description: Maximum expiratory flow rate at 30 percent of vital capacity above residual volume served as an index of airway obstruction in comparing the effects of leukotriene C and histamine administered by aerosol to five normal persons. Leukotriene C was 600 to 9500 times more potent than histamine on a molar basis in producing an equivalent decrement in the residual volume. The leukotriene C response was slow in onset and prolonged, reminiscent of the effects of aerosol allergen challenge in asthmatic allergic subjects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, J W -- Drazen, J M -- Coles, N -- McFadden, E R Jr -- Weller, P F -- Corey, E J -- Lewis, R A -- Austen, K F -- AI-00399/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-07722/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-10356/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 9;216(4542):196-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Airway Resistance/*drug effects ; Bronchi/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Histamine/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostaglandins F/pharmacology ; SRS-A/*pharmacology ; Time Factors
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  • 79
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    Angiogenesis induced by "normal" human breast tissue: a probable marker for precancer (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-15
    Description: Normal human breast lobules, freshly isolated by precision microdissection of tissue stained with methylene blue chloride, were assayed for their ability to induce neovascularization (angiogenesis) in rabbit irises. Histologically, normal lobules from cancerous breast induced angiogenesis twice as often as lobules from noncancerous breasts, suggesting that preneoplastic transformation is diffuse.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jensen, H M -- Chen, I -- DeVault, M R -- Lewis, A E -- N01-CB-84316/CB/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 15;218(4569):293-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6181563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Breast/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Iris/*blood supply ; Middle Aged ; *Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Precancerous Conditions/*physiopathology ; Rabbits ; Time Factors
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  • 80
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    Single-neuron labeling in the cat auditory nerve (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-06-11
    Description: Single auditory nerve fibers in the cat were labeled intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase. The sample of fibers was selected to represent different response types over a wide range of characteristic frequencies. All 56 labeled neurons were found to be radial fibers innervating inner hair cells, suggesting that none of the single-unit data reported to date has been from the outer hair cell innervation. Differences in rates of spontaneous discharge and thresholds to tones among these labeled neurons were closely correlated with morphological differences in the caliber and location of their unmyelinated terminals on the body of the inner hair cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liberman, M C -- 2 P01 NS13126/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 5 P01 NS13126/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 11;216(4551):1239-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Pathways/*cytology ; Cats ; Cochlea/cytology ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve/*cytology
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  • 81
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    Functional restoration of the traumatically injured spinal cord in cats by clonidine (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-09-10
    Description: The long-term, chronic, paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury in the cat has been reversed by the use of an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist, clonidine. Administration of this drug resulted in "normalization" of sensory-motor and autonomic dysfunctions. Preliminary studies of the clonidine in humans with traumatically injured spinal cord indicate that autonomic dysreflexia can be controlled and spasticity minimized. The data suggest that biochemical and pharmacologic manipulation of receptors may ameliorate paralysis following traumatic injury to the spinal cord as well as to the brain and brainstem.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naftchi, N E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 10;217(4564):1042-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6126002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Agonists ; Animals ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Cats ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Clonidine/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity/drug therapy ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*physiology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*physiology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*drug therapy
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  • 82
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    Virus-induced corticosterone in hypophysectomized mice: a possible lymphoid adrenal axis (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-12-24
    Description: Infection of hypophysectomized mice with Newcastle disease virus caused a time-dependent increase in corticosterone and interferon production. Prior treatment with dexamethasone completely inhibited the virus-induced elevation in corticosterone concentration, but did not significantly alter the interferon response. Lymphocytes appear to be the most likely source of an adrenocorticotropin-like substance that is responsible for the increased corticosterone, since spleen cells from the virus-infected, but not from control or dexamethasone-treated, hypophysectomized mice showed positive immunofluorescence with antibody to adrenocorticotropin-(1-13 amide). Thus the adrenocorticotropin-like material and interferon appear to be coordinately induced the differentially controlled products of different genes. These findings strongly suggest the existence of a lymphoid-adrenal axis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, E M -- Meyer, W J -- Blalock, J E -- AM30046/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL20201/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 24;218(4579):1311-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6183748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/*physiology ; Animals ; Corticosterone/*biosynthesis ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; *Hypophysectomy ; Interferons/biosynthesis ; Kinetics ; Lymph Nodes/*physiology ; Mice ; Newcastle Disease/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 83
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    Excretion of beta-phenethylamine is elevated in humans after profound stress (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-02-26
    Description: The urinary excretion rate of the endogenous, amphetamine-like substance beta-phenethylamine was markedly elevated in human subjects in association with an initial parachuting experience. The increases were delayed in most subjects and were not correlated with changes in urinary pH or creatinine excretion. The data suggest a stress-related role for beta-phenethylamine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paulos, M A -- Tessel, R E -- DA-01614/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM-27430/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR-05606/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 26;215(4536):1127-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Aerospace Medicine ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Phenethylamines/*urine ; Stress, Physiological/*urine ; Time Factors
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  • 84
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    Retinogeniculate terminations in cats: morphological differences between X and Y cell axons (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-22
    Description: We injected horseradish peroxidase into single, physiologically identified, optic tract axons of X and Y cells in cats and studied their termination patterns in the lateral geniculate nucleus. All X cell axons innervate lamina A or A1 in narrow zones, and some sparsely innervate the medical interlaminar nucleus. All Y cell axons have broad terminal zones in laminae A and C (from the contralateral retina) or lamina A1 (if ipsilateral), and most innervate the medial interlaminar nucleus densely.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sur, M -- Sherman, S M -- EY 03038/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):389.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cats ; Functional Laterality ; Geniculate Bodies/cytology ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Retina/cytology ; Visual Pathways/*cytology
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    A specific and enduring improvement in visual motion discrimination (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-12
    Description: Training improves the ability of human observers to discriminate between two similar directions of motion. This gradual improvement is specific to the direction on which an observer is trained, and it endures for several months. Improvement does not affect motion perception generally, nor does it depend on recognition of details of the movement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ball, K -- Sekuler, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 12;218(4573):697-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Discrimination (Psychology)/*physiology ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Motion Perception/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 86
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    Experimental hepatic encephalopathy: changes in the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-23
    Description: Two populations of receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid, one with low- and the other with high-affinity characteristics, are detectable in frozen, thawed, Triton-treated synaptic membrane preparations from normal brain. It is now reported that membrane preparations from rats with mild galactosamine-induced hepatic encephalopathy show an increase in the number of low- and high-affinity gamma-aminobutyric acid binding sites, whereas those from rats with severe encephalopathy show only high-affinity binding sites. Thus, hepatic encephalopathy appears to involve partial degeneration of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing presynaptic nerve terminals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baraldi, M -- Zeneroli, Z L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 23;216(4544):427-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6280279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bicuculline/metabolism ; Binding, Competitive ; Brain/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Galactosamine ; Hepatic Encephalopathy/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Synaptic Membranes/metabolism ; Time Factors ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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  • 87
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    Gestational zinc deprivation in mice: persistence of immunodeficiency for three generations (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-29
    Description: Pregnant Swiss Webster mice were fed a diet moderately deficient in zinc from day 7 of gestation until parturition. Offspring of these mice showed depressed immune function through 6 months of age. In addition, the second and third filial generations, all of which were fed only the normal control diet, continued to manifest reduced immunocompetence, although not to the same degree as in the first generation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beach, R S -- Gershwin, M E -- Hurley, L S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 29;218(4571):469-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Female ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunoglobulin M/analysis ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*embryology ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Time Factors ; Zinc/*deficiency
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  • 88
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    Integrating visual information from successive fixations (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-08
    Description: One of the classic problems in perception is how visual information from successive fixations of a scene is integrated to form a coherent view of the scene. The results of this experiment implicate a process that integrates by summing information from successive fixations after spatially reconciling the information from each glimpse. The output of this process is a memory image that preserves the properly reconciled information from successive fixations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonides, J -- Irwin, D E -- Yantis, S -- IR03 MH36869-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 8;215(4529):192-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Memory/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Saccades ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 89
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    Adrenal medullary enkephalin-like peptides may mediate opioid stress analgesia (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-06
    Description: Different patterns of fact shock activate opioid and nonopioid mechanisms of stress analgesia in the rat. Opioid, but not nonopioid, stress analgesia is reduced by adrenal demedullation and denervation and is potentiated by reserpine, a drug known to increase concentrations of adrenal medullary enkephalin-like peptides. It is suggested that adrenal enkephalins mediate opioid stress analgesia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, J W -- Tordoff, M G -- Sherman, J E -- Liebeskind, J C -- NS07628/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 6;217(4559):557-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Medulla/*physiology ; Analgesia ; Animals ; Electroshock ; Endorphins/*physiology ; Enkephalins/*physiology ; Male ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Naltrexone/pharmacology ; Rats ; Reserpine/pharmacology ; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology ; Stress, Physiological/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 90
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    Opiates and pain pathways: demonstration of enkephalin synapses on dorsal horn projection neurons (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-03-19
    Description: The participation of the opiate peptide enkephalin in the neural circuitry of the dorsal horn was examined at the light and ultrastructural level through the use of the combined techniques of immunocytochemistry and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Enkephalin immunoreactive axonal endings made direct synaptic contact with the soma and proximal dendrites of dorsal horn thalamic projection neurons. This observation demonstrates that one major synaptic site of enkephalin modulation of the transfer of nociceptive information in the dorsla horn is on the projection neurons themselves.U〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruda, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 19;215(4539):1523-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6121374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Endorphins/*physiology ; Enkephalins/*physiology ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Spinal Cord/*physiology ; Thalamus/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 91
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    Monkey and human pictorial memory scanning (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-18
    Description: A rhesus monkey accurately recognized pictures in a Sternberg memory scanning experiment. When the monkey was tested with pictures that were reused during the same session, the monkey's performance was nearly identical to that of a human subject; this result demonstrates the monkeys are capable of some of the short-term retrieval mechanisms of humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sands, S F -- Wright, A A -- EY-01256/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH35202/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 18;216(4552):1333-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors ; *Visual Perception
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  • 92
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    [Release of gamma-aminobutyric acid from cat colon] (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-10
    Description: The release of gamma-aminobutyric acid was confirmed in isolated cat colon loaded with tritiated gamma-aminobutyric acid. Thirty to 180 minutes after loading the spontaneous efflux of tritium appeared to fit a single exponential curve with an efflux rate coefficient of 0.002 per minute. Electrical stimulation produced frequency-dependent increases in the tritium efflux and in the contractions. Even 120 minutes later over 91 percent of the total radioactivity in the superfusates was attributable to tritiated gamma-aminobutyric acid. The acid release and the contractions induced by electrical transmural stimulation were inhibited by tetrodotoxin and by a calcium-free medium. Release of the acid was not significant during contractions elicited by nicotine and acetylcholine. These findings indicate that gamma-aminobutyric acid is released from the terminals of neurons in the myenteric plexus of the colon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taniyama, K -- Kusunoki, M -- Saito, N -- Tanaka, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 10;217(4564):1038-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Cations, Divalent/pharmacology ; Cats ; Colon/innervation/*metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nicotine/pharmacology ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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  • 93
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    Electric pulse-induced fusion of 3T3 cells in monolayer culture (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-30
    Description: Swiss mouse 3T3-C2 fibroblasts, grown to confluence in monolayer culture, are shown to fuse when exposed to electric fields. Exposure to five repetitive electric pulses of about 1 kilovolt per centimeter with a duration of 50 microseconds caused approximately 20 percent of the cells to become fused (multinucleate) when 1 millimolar magnesium was present in the medium. The effects of minimum thresholds of field strength, pulse duration, and number of pulses were determined. Cell disruption was observed when the electric field exceeded 2.0 kilovolts per centimeter or the pulse was of longer duration than 120 microseconds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teissie, J -- Knutson, V P -- Tsong, T Y -- Lane, M D -- AM14574/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM28795/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR5378/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 30;216(4545):537-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7071601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Fusion/drug effects ; *Electricity ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Mice ; Time Factors
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  • 94
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    Loss of retinal X-cells in cats with neonatal or adult visual cortex damage (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-02
    Description: Recordings were made from single retinal ganglion cell somas in cats whose visual cortical areas 17 and 18 were damaged on the day of birth or in adulthood. Neonatal lesions produced a 78 percent loss of X-cells in the retina, while lesions made in adulthood produced a 22 percent loss. Y-cells and W-cells were unaffected. This retinal abnormality needs to be considered when interpreting studies of behavioral deficits and neural mechanisms of recovery after damage to the visual cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tong, L -- Spear, P D -- Kalil, R E -- Callahan, E C -- EY01916/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY02545/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY05256/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 2;217(4554):72-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cats ; Electric Stimulation ; Neurons/physiology ; Optic Chiasm/physiology/physiopathology ; Retina/cytology/*pathology/*physiopathology ; Visual Cortex/growth & development/*injuries/physiology
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  • 95
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    Impulse conduction in the mammalian brain: physiological properties of individual axons monitored for several months (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-26
    Description: Microelectrode recordings were used in conjunction with antidromic activation to monitor impulse conduction along individual mammalian cerebral axons for periods of up to 165 days. Approximately half of the axons studied showed a stable conduction velocity and stable aftereffects of impulse activity. The remaining axons showed slow and progressive increases or decreases in conduction velocity overtime. In these latter axons, changes in the magnitude of the aftereffects of impulse conduction were far less pronounced than were changes in axonal conduction velocity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swadlow, H A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 26;218(4575):911-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Neural Conduction ; Rabbits ; Time Factors
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  • 96
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    GABA analogues activate channels of different duration on cultured mouse spinal neurons (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Voltage-clamp recordings from mouse spinal neurons grown in culture were used to study the membrane current fluctuations induced by 12 substances structurally similar to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Fluctuation analysis provided estimates of the electrical properties of the elementary events underlying these responses. Estimates of the mean conductance of channels activated by all of the substances except glycine did not differ significantly from that estimated for GABA, whereas mean durations of agonist-activated channels all differed significantly from that found for GABA. The results indicate that all of the substances tested except glycine activate channels of similar conductance but of different durations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barker, J L -- Mathers, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):358-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6259733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/drug effects ; Ion Channels/*drug effects ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Mice ; Neurons/drug effects ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Spinal Nerves/*drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Time Factors ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
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  • 97
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    Stepwise sarcomere shortening: analysis by high-speed cinemicrography (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-09-25
    Description: Sarcomere shortening in striated muscle appears to follow a regionally synchronized staircase-like time course not anticipated in some cross-bridge models. The visualization method used has been criticized as subject to Bragg diffraction effects. Two independent optical methods were used to visualize a muscle during contraction; agreement between the stepwise behavior observed with the two methods suggests that the phenomenon is genuine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Delay, M J -- Ishide, N -- Jacobson, R C -- Pollack, G H -- Tirosh, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 25;213(4515):1523-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/*ultrastructure ; Ranidae ; Time Factors
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  • 98
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    A new laser scanning system for measuring action potential propagation in the heart (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: A rapid laser scanning system was developed to map the spread of excitation in amphibian and mammalian hearts stained with fluorescent dye. Isochronic maps of conduction were constructed by timing the upstroke of the optical action potential; 128 sites could be scanned in 4 milliseconds. The accuracy of this technique was verified by recording simultaneously from 16 unipolar electrodes placed in different areas of the heart. Conducted action potentials in normal frog heart propagated at 0.1 meter per second. Propagation of action potentials was also monitored in ischemic cat heart, in which both driven and arrhythmic action potential upstrokes could be tracked. The results suggest that this system is capable of scanning the normal and abnormal spread of electrical activity in the heart.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dillon, S -- Morad, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):453-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6974891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Action Potentials ; Animals ; *Benzenesulfonates ; Cats ; Coronary Disease/physiopathology ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/*physiology ; *Lasers ; Rabbits ; Rana catesbeiana ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods
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  • 99
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    Increased intracranial self-stimulation in rats after long-term administration of desipramine (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: The effects of long- and short-term administration of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine on intracranial self-stimulation in rats were studied with electrodes in the A10 region of the dopamine-containing cell bodies of the ventromedial tegmentum. Long-term desipramine administration resulted in a significant shift to the left in the ascending portion of the rate--current intensity function, indicating that the activity of the mesolimbic dopamine system was enhanced. These findings point to a possible dopaminergic mechanism of action of antidepressants and support speculations concerning the role of dopamine-containing neurons in the pathophysiology of depression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fibiger, H C -- Phillips, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):683-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7197394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Depression/physiopathology ; Desipramine/*administration & dosage ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Humans ; Limbic System/*physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Self Stimulation/*drug effects ; Time Factors
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  • 100
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    Merkel cell receptors: structure and transducer function (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-09
    Description: An electron microscopic and electrophysiological investigation was made of Merkel cell-neurite complexes in the sinus hair follicles of the cat. These mechanoreceptors respond with very precise phase locking to heavy-frequency vibratory stimuli as well as to static hair displacements. The mechanoelectric transduction process is faster than that known for any other somatic mechanoreceptor. These data show that the nerve endings themselves and not the Merkel cells are the mechanoelectric transducer elements in these receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gottschaldt, K M -- Vahle-Hinz, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):183-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure ; Evoked Potentials ; Mechanoreceptors/*cytology/physiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Skin/*innervation/ultrastructure ; Time Factors
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