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  • Articles  (199)
  • Time Factors  (199)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (199)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Wiley
  • 1985-1989  (72)
  • 1980-1984  (127)
  • 1955-1959
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  • Articles  (199)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (199)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 1
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    Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-16
    Description: Phencyclidine (PCP), a dissociative anesthetic and widely abused psychotomimetic drug, and MK-801, a potent PCP receptor ligand, have neuroprotective properties stemming from their ability to antagonize the excitotoxic actions of endogenous excitatory amino acids such as glutamate and aspartate. There is growing interest in the potential application of these compounds in the treatment of neurological disorders. However, there is an apparent neurotoxic effect of PCP and related agents (MK-801, tiletamine, and ketamine), which has heretofore been overlooked: these drugs induce acute pathomorphological changes in specific populations of brain neurons when administered subcutaneously to adult rats in relatively low doses. These findings raise new questions regarding the safety of these agents in the clinical management of neurodegenerative diseases and reinforce concerns about the potential risks associated with illicit use of PCP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olney, J W -- Labruyere, J -- Price, M T -- DA 53568/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 38894/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 16;244(4910):1360-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2660263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*drug effects/pathology ; Dibenzocycloheptenes/*toxicity ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; Female ; Ketamine/toxicity ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neurons/drug effects ; Phencyclidine/*toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Tiletamine/toxicity ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Interleukin-1 mitogenic activity for fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells is due to PDGF-AA (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-20
    Description: Both interleukin-1 (IL-1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induce proliferation of cultured fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. These polypeptide mediators are released by activated macrophages and other cell types in response to injury and are thought to have a role in tissue remodeling and a number of pathologic processes. Analysis of the kinetics of [3H]thymidine incorporation by cultured fibroblasts demonstrated that the response to IL-1 is delayed approximately 8 hours relative to their response to PDGF. IL-1 transiently stimulated expression of the PDGF A-chain gene, with maximum induction after approximately 2 hours. Subsequent synthesis and release of PDGF activity into the medium was detected as early as 4 hours after IL-1 stimulation, and downregulation of the binding site for the PDGF-AA isoform of PDGF followed PDGF-AA secretion. Antibodies to PDGF completely block the mitogenic response to IL-1. Therefore, the mitogenic activity of IL-1 for fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells appears to be indirect and mediated by induction of the PDGF A-chain gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raines, E W -- Dower, S K -- Ross, R -- HL-18645/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):393-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2783498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts/cytology/*drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/*pharmacology ; Muscle, Smooth/cytology/*drug effects ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Rapid redistribution of auxin-regulated RNAs during gravitropism (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-06
    Description: Gravitropism, the bending of plants in response to gravity, is caused by differential growth rates on two sides of a responding organ. The general belief, although somewhat controversial, is that auxins play a major role in gravitropism by controlling the rate of cell extension. The tissue print technique was used to ascertain the distribution of auxin-regulated RNAs during the gravitropic response of soybean hypocotyls. In vertically oriented seedlings, auxin-regulated RNAs are symmetrically distributed in the elongating region of the hypocotyl. In horizontally orientated seedlings the distribution becomes asymmetrical within 20 minutes and the greatest asymmetry coincides with the onset of rapid bending. The results provide a clear correlation between the dynamic expression of genes under auxin control and a morphogenetic phenomenon traditionally known as an auxin response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McClure, B A -- Guilfoyle, T -- DCB 8517676/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 6;243:91-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia 65211, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11540631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects/physiology ; *Gravitation ; Gravitropism/drug effects/*genetics ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Hypocotyl/cytology/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Indoleacetic Acids/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Plant Growth Regulators/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; RNA Probes ; RNA, Plant/*metabolism ; Soybeans/cytology/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Dominoes and clocks: the union of two views of the cell cycle (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-03
    Description: We review the recent advances in understanding transitions within the cell cycle. These have come from both genetic and biochemical approaches. We discuss the phylogenetic conservation of the mechanisms that induce mitosis and their implications for other transitions in the cell cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murray, A W -- Kirschner, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 3;246(4930):614-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0448.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Cycle ; *Genes, Regulator ; Interphase ; Mitosis ; *Models, Biological ; Models, Genetic ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    The diageotropica mutant of tomato lacks high specific activity auxin binding sites (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-07-07
    Description: Tomato plants homozygous for the diageotropica (dgt) mutation exhibit morphological and physiological abnormalities which suggest that they are unable to respond to the plant growth hormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid). The photoaffinity auxin analog [3H]5N3-IAA specifically labels a polypeptide doublet of 40 and 42 kilodaltons in membrane preparations from stems of the parental variety, VFN8, but not from stems of plants containing the dgt mutation. In roots of the mutant plants, however, labeling is indistinguishable from that in VFN8. These data suggest that the two polypeptides are part of a physiologically important auxin receptor system, which is altered in a tissue-specific manner in the mutant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hicks, G R -- Rayle, D L -- Lomax, T L -- DCB-8718731/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 7;245:52-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331-2902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11537490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Affinity Labels ; Azides/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Hypocotyl/cytology/genetics/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Indoleacetic Acids/*analysis/*metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Lycopersicon esculentum/cytology/*genetics/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Microsomes/ultrastructure ; *Mutation ; Photolysis ; *Plant Growth Regulators ; Plant Proteins ; Plant Roots/cytology/genetics/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Checkpoints: controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-03
    Description: The events of the cell cycle of most organisms are ordered into dependent pathways in which the initiation of late events is dependent on the completion of early events. In eukaryotes, for example, mitosis is dependent on the completion of DNA synthesis. Some dependencies can be relieved by mutation (mitosis may then occur before completion of DNA synthesis), suggesting that the dependency is due to a control mechanism and not an intrinsic feature of the events themselves. Control mechanisms enforcing dependency in the cell cycle are here called checkpoints. Elimination of checkpoints may result in cell death, infidelity in the distribution of chromosomes or other organelles, or increased susceptibility to environmental perturbations such as DNA damaging agents. It appears that some checkpoints are eliminated during the early embryonic development of some organisms; this fact may pose special problems for the fidelity of embryonic cell division.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hartwell, L H -- Weinert, T A -- GM17709/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 3;246(4930):629-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Cycle ; DNA Replication ; Embryo, Mammalian/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Models, Biological ; Models, Genetic ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Endothelial cell gene expression of a neutrophil chemotactic factor by TNF-alpha, LPS, and IL-1 beta (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-17
    Description: Human endothelial cells produced a neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) upon stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression of endothelial cell-derived NCF messenger RNA and biological activity was both time- and concentration-dependent. Maximal NCF mRNA expression occurred at 10 and at 2 nanograms per milliliter for TNF and IL-1 beta, respectively; mRNA expression was first observed 1 hour after stimulation and was maintained for at least 24 hours. In situ hybridization analysis showed that NCF mRNA peaked in treated cells by 24 hours, whereas unstimulated cells were negative. These studies demonstrated that endothelial cells may participate in neutrophil-mediated inflammation by synthesizing a chemotactic factor in response to specific monokines and LPS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strieter, R M -- Kunkel, S L -- Showell, H J -- Remick, D G -- Phan, S H -- Ward, P A -- Marks, R M -- HL31237/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL31936/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL35276/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 17;243(4897):1467-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2648570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blotting, Northern ; Chemotactic Factors/*genetics ; Endothelium, Vascular/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interleukin-1/*pharmacology ; Interleukin-8 ; Lipopolysaccharides/*pharmacology ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Time Factors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Fluid flow stimulates tissue plasminogen activator secretion by cultured human endothelial cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-17
    Description: Wall shear stress generated by blood flow may regulate the expression of fibrinolytic proteins by endothelial cells. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor, type 1 (PAI-1) secretion by cultured human endothelial cells were not affected by exposure to venous shear stress (4 dynes/cm2). However, at arterial shear stresses of 15 and 25 dynes/cm2, the tPA secretion rate was 2.1 and 3.0 times greater, respectively, than the basal tPA secretion rate. PAI-1 secretion was unaffected by shear stress over the entire physiological range.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diamond, S L -- Eskin, S G -- McIntire, L V -- HL 18672/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 23016/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 17;243(4897):1483-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rice University, Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Houston, TX 77251.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2467379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium, Vascular/*secretion ; Epoprostenol/pharmacology ; Glycoproteins/secretion ; Humans ; Iloprost ; In Vitro Techniques ; Indomethacin/pharmacology ; Plasminogen Inactivators ; Rheology ; Secretory Rate/drug effects ; Stress, Mechanical ; Time Factors ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator/*secretion
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    How old is the genetic code? Statistical geometry of tRNA provides an answer (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-12
    Description: The age of the molecular organization of life as expressed in the genetic code can be estimated from experimental data. Comparative sequence analysis of transfer RNA by the method of statistical geometry in sequence space suggests that about one-third of the present transfer RNA sequence divergence was present at the urkingdom level about the time when archaebacteria separated from eubacteria. It is concluded that the genetic code is not older than, but almost as old as our planet. While this result may not be unexpected, it was not clear until now that interpretable data exist that permit inferences about such early stages of life as the establishment of the genetic code.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eigen, M -- Lindemann, B F -- Tietze, M -- Winkler-Oswatitsch, R -- Dress, A -- von Haeseler, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):673-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur biophysikalische Chemie, Gottingen, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2497522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticodon ; Archaea/genetics ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Codon ; Computer Simulation ; Eubacterium/genetics ; *Genetic Code ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phylogeny ; *RNA, Transfer ; Statistics as Topic ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Contingent genetic regulatory events in T lymphocyte activation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-20
    Description: Interaction of antigen in the proper histocompatibility context with the T lymphocyte antigen receptor leads to an orderly series of events resulting in morphologic change, proliferation, and the acquisition of immunologic function. In most T lymphocytes two signals are required to initiate this process, one supplied by the antigen receptor and the other by accessory cells or agents that activate protein kinase C. Recently, DNA sequences have been identified that act as response elements for one or the other of the two signals, but do not respond to both signals. The fact that these sequences lie within the control regions of the same genes suggests that signals originating from separate cell membrane receptors are integrated at the level of the responsive gene. The view is put forth that these signals initiate a contingent series of gene activations that bring about proliferation and impart immunologic function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crabtree, G R -- CA 39612/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL 33942/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):355-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical School, CA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2783497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/genetics ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Oncogenes ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Bright light induction of strong (type 0) resetting of the human circadian pacemaker (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-16
    Description: The response of the human circadian pacemaker to light was measured in 45 resetting trials. Each trial consisted of an initial endogenous circadian phase assessment, a three-cycle stimulus which included 5 hours of bright light per cycle, and a final phase assessment. The stimulus induced strong (type 0) resetting, with responses highly dependent on the initial circadian phase of light exposure. The magnitude and direction of the phase shifts were modulated by the timing of exposure to ordinary room light, previously thought to be undetectable by the human pacemaker. The data indicate that the sensitivity of the human circadian pacemaker to light is far greater than previously recognized and have important implications for the therapeutic use of light in the management of disorders of circadian regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Czeisler, C A -- Kronauer, R E -- Allan, J S -- Duffy, J F -- Jewett, M E -- Brown, E N -- Ronda, J M -- 1-RO1-AG06072/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- 2-S07-RR-05950/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- 5-M01-RR00888/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 16;244(4910):1328-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2734611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Biological ; *Phototherapy ; Time Factors
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  • 12
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    Hair cell regeneration after acoustic trauma in adult Coturnix quail (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-24
    Description: Recovery of hair cells was studied at various times after acoustic trauma in adult quail. An initial loss of hair cells recovered to within 5 percent of the original number of cells. Tritium-labeled thymidine was injected after this acoustic trauma to determine if mitosis played a role in recovery of hair cells. Within 10 days of acoustic trauma, incorporation of [3H]thymidine was seen over the nuclei of hair cells and supporting cells in the region of initial hair cell loss. Thus, hair cell regeneration can occur after embryonic terminal mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryals, B M -- Rubel, E W -- NS24522/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1774-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Audiology and Speech Pathology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3381101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Cell Division ; Coturnix ; DNA Replication ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*cytology/physiology ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
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  • 13
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    Production of stable rabbit-mouse hybridomas that secrete rabbit mAb of defined specificity (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-24
    Description: Inclusion of normal rabbit serum (NRS) in culture medium after interspecific fusion of hyperimmunized rabbit spleen cells with murine SP2/0 myeloma cells produced 271 rabbit-mouse hybridomas (RMHs) that secreted rabbit immunoglobulin against group A Streptococcus (GAS). Continued use of NRS-supplemented medium during cloning yielded stabilized monoclonal RMH lines that have secreted GAS-specific rabbit antibody at concentrations similar to murine hybridomas (3 to 8 micrograms per 10(6) cells per 24 hours), for over 4 months of culture in vitro. The use of NRS as a medium supplement during initial culture, cloning, and stabilization of RMHs enables production of considerably more specific rabbit monoclonal antibody (mAb)-secreting RMHs than have previously been reported.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raybould, T J -- Takahashi, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1788-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Allelix Inc., Diagnostics Division, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3289119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/*immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Hybridomas/*immunology ; Karyotyping ; Mice/*immunology ; Rabbits/*immunology ; Streptococcus pyogenes/immunology ; Time Factors
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  • 14
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    Do short-term tests predict rodent carcinogenicity? (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, S S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 2;241(4870):1232-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Glaxo Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3413488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; False Positive Reactions ; *Mutagenicity Tests/methods ; Rodentia ; Time Factors
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    A sequencing reality check (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 2;242(4883):1245.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2848316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Base Sequence ; Cytomegalovirus/genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; Growth Hormone/genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/methods ; Time Factors
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  • 16
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    Astrocyte mitogen inhibitor related to epidermal growth factor receptor (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-24
    Description: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a well-characterized polypeptide hormone with diverse biological activities, including stimulation of astrocyte division. A soluble astrocyte mitogen inhibitor, immunologically related to the EGF receptor, is present in rat brain. Injury to the brain causes a time-dependent reduction in the levels of this inhibitor and the concomitant appearance of EGF receptor on the astrocyte surface. Intracerebral injection of antibody capable of binding the inhibitor caused the appearance of numerous reactive astrocytes. EGF receptor-related inhibitors may play a key role in the control of glial cell division in both normal and injured brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nieto-Sampedro, M -- AG 00538-09A/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 24;240(4860):1784-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychobiology, University of California, Irvine 92717.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3289118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*physiology ; Brain Injuries/*physiopathology ; Cell Division ; Cross Reactions ; Immunologic Techniques ; Rats ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Receptors, Mitogen/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Time Factors
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  • 17
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    Directional selection and the evolution of breeding date in birds (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-05-06
    Description: In many bird species, those pairs that breed earlier in the season have higher reproductive success than those that breed later. Since breeding date is known to be heritable, it is unclear why it does not evolve to an earlier time. Under assumptions outlined by Fisher, a model is developed that shows how breeding date may have considerable additive genetic variance, appear to be under directional selection, and yet not evolve. These results provide a general explanation for a persistent correlation of fitness with a variety of traits in natural populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Price, T -- Kirkpatrick, M -- Arnold, S J -- 1R01GM3549201/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 May 6;240(4853):798-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3363360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*physiology ; Female ; Fertility ; Genetic Variation ; Nutritional Status ; *Reproduction ; *Seasons ; *Selection, Genetic ; Time Factors
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    FDA looks to speed up drug approval process (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-09-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Booth, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 16;241(4872):1426.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3047869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Evaluation/*standards ; Risk ; Time Factors ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 19
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    Molecular clocks turn a quarter century (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):561-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3340843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA/genetics ; Humans ; *Models, Genetic ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    HIV-1-infected T cells show a selective signaling defect after perturbation of CD3/antigen receptor (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-29
    Description: The binding of antigen or monoclonal antibody to the T cell receptor for antigen or the closely associated CD3 complex causes increases in the concentration of intracellular ionized calcium and subsequent cell proliferation. By measuring second messenger production in primary cultures of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)--infected T cells stimulated with monoclonal antibodies specific for either CD3 or CD2, a specific impairment of membrane signaling was revealed. The HIV-1--infected T cells were unable to mobilize Ca2+ after stimulation with anti-CD3, whereas CD2-induced calcium mobilization remained intact. Furthermore, the HIV-1--infected cells proliferated poorly after CD3 stimulation, although the cells retained normal DNA synthesis in response to interleukin-2 stimulation. These results show that the signals initiated by CD2 and CD3 can be regulated independently within the same T cell; uncoupling of signal transduction after antigen-specific stimulation provides a biochemical mechanism to explain, in part, the profound immunodeficiency of patients with HIV-1 infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linette, G P -- Hartzman, R J -- Ledbetter, J A -- June, C H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 29;241(4865):573-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2899908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*physiopathology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, CD2 ; Antigens, CD3 ; Antigens, Differentiation/physiology ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*physiology ; Calcium/physiology ; Hiv ; Humans ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*physiology ; Receptors, Immunologic/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 21
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    A model-based estimate of the mean incubation period for AIDS in homosexual men (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1988-06-03
    Description: Because of the difficulty in identifying the date of exposure to type 1 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in persons other than transfusion recipients, studies of the incubation periods for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been limited. When data from a cohort of 84 homosexual and bisexual men that provided the information to determine the years of conversion of sera infected with HIV-1 were analyzed, a model for the proportion likely to develop AIDS and the incubation period for AIDS in homosexual men could be derived. The maximum likelihood estimate for the proportion of infected homosexual men developing AIDS is 0.99 (90% confidence interval ranging from 0.38 to 1). Furthermore, the maximum likelihood estimate for the mean incubation period for AIDS in homosexual men is 7.8 years (90% confidence interval ranging from 4.2 years to 15.0 years), which is close to the estimate of 8.2 years for adults developing transfusion-associated AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lui, K J -- Darrow, W W -- Rutherford, G W 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 3;240(4857):1333-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Injury Epidemiology and Control, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3163848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/immunology/*physiopathology ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Blood Transfusion ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; HIV/physiology ; HIV Antibodies ; HIV Seropositivity ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Male ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Time Factors
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    Behavioral dissociation of dishabituation, sensitization, and inhibition in Aplysia (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-08
    Description: Three forms of nonassociative learning (habituation, dishabituation, and sensitization) have commonly been explained by a dual-process view in which a single decrementing process produces habituation and a single facilitatory process produces both dishabituation and sensitization. A key prediction of this view is that dishabituation and sensitization should always occur together. However, we show that dishabituation and sensitization, as well as an additional process, inhibition, can be behaviorally dissociated in Aplysia by (i) their differential time of onset, (ii) their differential sensitivity to stimulus intensity, and (iii) their differential emergence during development. A simple dual-process view cannot explain these results; rather, a multiprocess view appears necessary to account for nonassociative learning in Aplysia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marcus, E A -- Nolen, T G -- Rankin, C H -- Carew, T J -- 5-F32-NS-07480/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- MH41083/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 8;241(4862):210-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3388032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Learning/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Chromosomal gene transfer in Spiroplasma citri (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-19
    Description: The study of resistance marker rearrangement in Spiroplasma citri mutants provides evidence of transfer of chromosomal information followed by recombination. This is the first report of such a transfer in vivo in the mollicutes--that is, in the smallest self-replicating organisms. The double-resistant phenotypes obtained are stable even without selection pressure. The mechanism of gene transfer is insensitive to deoxyribonuclease, requires contact, and possibly, areas of fusion of the cell membranes; it shares properties with the transfer by protoplast fusion in Gram-positive bacteria. The extensive degenerative evolution of mollicutes has retained, in S. citri, bacterial functions of chromosomal transfer and recombination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barroso, G -- Labarere, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 19;241(4868):959-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire, Universite de Bordeaux II-INRA, C.R.A. de Bordeaux, Pont-de-la-Maye, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3261453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arsenates/pharmacology ; *Chromosomes, Bacterial ; Cloning, Molecular ; Culture Media ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Herbicides/pharmacology ; Mutation ; Oxides/pharmacology ; Phenotype ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Spiroplasma/drug effects/*genetics ; Time Factors ; *Transfection ; Vanadates/pharmacology
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  • 24
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    Hyperthermia protects against light damage in the rat retina (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1988-09-30
    Description: An increase in the synthesis of heat shock proteins that is induced in cells in vitro by hyperthermia or other types of metabolic stress correlates with enhanced cell survival upon further stress. To determine if a similar increase in stress tolerance could be elicited in vivo, rats were made hyperthermic, and then their retinas were tested for sensitivity to light damage. This treatment resulted in a marked decrease in photoreceptor degeneration after exposure to bright light as compared to normothermic animals. Concomitant with such protection was an increase in retinal synthesis of three heat shock proteins. Thus, a physiological rise in body temperature enhances the stress tolerance of nerve tissue, perhaps by increasing heat shock protein production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barbe, M F -- Tytell, M -- Gower, D J -- Welch, W J -- 1 R01 EY07616/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- GM 33551-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 30;241(4874):1817-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19144.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*physiology ; *Hot Temperature ; In Vitro Techniques ; Rats ; Retina/pathology/physiology/*radiation effects ; Time Factors
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    Growth and transparency in the lens, an epithelial tissue, stimulated by pulses of PDGF (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1988-11-04
    Description: The rat lens undergoes dramatic growth during early postnatal development. Lens weight increased by a factor of 23 in 26 days. Growth rate per day oscillated between 0 and 87 percent. A new culture system was designed to study the oscillations in growth during development. Lens growth and transparency in vitro required pulsatile delivery of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in HL-1 serum-free medium. Continuous delivery of HL-1 medium with PDGF or pulsatile delivery of HL-1 medium without PDGF resulted in lens opacity and no growth. These results provide direct evidence that PDGF stimulates an epithelial tissue and that oscillations in growth occur during normal development of the rat lens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brewitt, B -- Clark, J I -- EY-04542/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY-07031/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Nov 4;242(4879):777-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3187521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Epithelium/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lens, Crystalline/anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; Organ Size ; Periodicity ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Time Factors
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    Human IL-3 and GM-CSF act synergistically in stimulating hematopoiesis in primates (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1988-09-30
    Description: Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a member of a family of growth factors, each of which supports the proliferation and development of hematopoietic precursors in culture. Although the biologic effects of the different hematopoietic growth factors have been well documented in different culture systems, it has only recently become possible to study the activities of these molecules in vivo. In comparison with the later acting hematopoietic growth factors granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL-3 elicited a delayed and relatively modest leukocytosis when continuously infused intravenously in primates. The IL-3 infusion, however, greatly potentiated the responsiveness of the animal to subsequent administration of a low dose of GM-CSF. These results suggest that IL-3 expands an early cell population in vivo that subsequently requires the action of a later acting factor such as GM-CSF to complete its development. Optimal stimulation of hematopoiesis may be achieved with combinations of hematopoietic growth factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donahue, R E -- Seehra, J -- Metzger, M -- Lefebvre, D -- Rock, B -- Carbone, S -- Nathan, D G -- Garnick, M -- Sehgal, P K -- Laston, D -- RR00168/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Sep 30;241(4874):1820-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetics Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3051378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/*pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Hematopoiesis/*drug effects ; Interleukin-3/*pharmacology ; Leukocyte Count ; Macaca fascicularis ; Time Factors
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  • 27
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    Answering autobiographical questions: the impact of memory and inference on surveys (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-04-10
    Description: Survey questions often probe respondents for quantitative facts about events in their past: "During the last 2 weeks, on days when you drank liquor, about how many drinks did you have?" "During the past 12 months, how many visits did you make to a dentist?" "When did you last work at a full-time job?" are all examples from national surveys. Although questions like these make an implicit demand to remember and enumerate specific autobiographical episodes, respondents frequently have trouble complying because of limits on their ability to recall. In these situations, respondents resort to inferences that use partial information from memory to construct a numeric answer. Results from cognitive psychology can be useful in understanding and investigating these phenomena. In particular, cognitive research can help in identifying situations that inhibit or facilitate recall and can reveal inferences that affect the accuracy of respondents' answers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bradburn, N M -- Rips, L J -- Shevell, S K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Apr 10;236(4798):157-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3563494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cognition ; Data Collection ; Humans ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall ; *Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors
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    A physiological basis for a theory of synapse modification (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-07-03
    Description: The functional organization of the cerebral cortex is modified dramatically by sensory experience during early postnatal life. The basis for these modifications is a type of synaptic plasticity that may also contribute to some forms of adult learning. The question of how synapses modify according to experience has been approached by determining theoretically what is required of a modification mechanism to account for the available experimental data in the developing visual cortex. The resulting theory states precisely how certain variables might influence synaptic modifications. This insight has led to the development of a biologically plausible molecular model for synapse modification in the cerebral cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bear, M F -- Cooper, L N -- Ebner, F F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jul 3;237(4810):42-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3037696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Algorithms ; Animals ; Cats ; Learning/*physiology ; Models, Theoretical ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Pathways/physiology
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  • 29
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    Nerve terminal remodeling visualized in living mice by repeated examination of the same neuron (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-11-20
    Description: The distribution of presynaptic endings on the surfaces of autonomic ganglion cells was mapped in living mice after intravenous administration of a styryl pyridinium dye. The staining and imaging techniques did not appear to damage the ganglion cells, or the synapses on them; these procedures could therefore be repeated after an arbitrary period. Observations of the same neurons at intervals of up to 3 weeks indicate that the pattern of preganglionic terminals on many of these nerve cells gradually changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Purves, D -- Voyvodic, J T -- Magrassi, L -- Yawo, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Nov 20;238(4830):1122-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3685967" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Coloring Agents ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Ganglia, Parasympathetic/*cytology/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Nerve Endings/ultrastructure ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Pyridinium Compounds ; Time Factors ; Video Recording
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  • 30
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    Decreased hippocampal inhibition and a selective loss of interneurons in experimental epilepsy (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-01-02
    Description: The occurrence of seizure activity in human temporal lobe epilepsy or status epilepticus is often associated with a characteristic pattern of cell loss in the hippocampus. An experimental model that replicates this pattern of damage in normal animals by electrical stimulation of the afferent pathway to the hippocampus was developed to study changes in structure and function that occur as a result of repetitive seizures. Hippocampal granule cell seizure activity caused a persistent loss of recurrent inhibition and irreversibly damaged adjacent interneurons. Immunocytochemical staining revealed unexpectedly that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing neurons, thought to mediate inhibition in this region and predicted to be damaged by seizures, had survived. In contrast, there was a nearly complete loss of adjacent somatostatin-containing interneurons and mossy cells that may normally activate inhibitory neurons. These results suggest that the seizure-induced loss of a basket cell-activating system, rather than a loss of inhibitory basket cells themselves, may cause disinhibition and thereby play a role in the pathophysiology and pathology of the epileptic state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sloviter, R S -- NS 18201/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 2;235(4784):73-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2879352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cholecystokinin/physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electric Stimulation ; Epilepsy/pathology/*physiopathology ; Hippocampus/*physiopathology ; Immunologic Techniques ; Interneurons/*pathology/physiopathology ; Male ; Neural Inhibition ; Rats ; Somatostatin/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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    Human neuroelectric patterns predict performance accuracy (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-01-30
    Description: In seven right-handed adults, the brain electrical patterns before accurate performance differed from the patterns before inaccurate performance. Activity overlying the left frontal cortex and the motor and parietal cortices contralateral to the performing hand preceded accurate left- or right-hand performance. Additional strong activity overlying midline motor and premotor cortices preceded left-hand performance. These measurements suggest that brief, spatially distributed neural activity patterns, or "preparatory sets," in distinct cognitive, somesthetic-motor, and integrative motor areas of the human brain may be essential precursors of accurate visuomotor performance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gevins, A S -- Morgan, N H -- Bressler, S L -- Cutillo, B A -- White, R M -- Illes, J -- Greer, D S -- Doyle, J C -- Zeitlin, G M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 30;235(4788):580-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3810158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cognition/physiology ; Electroencephalography ; Electrophysiology ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/physiology
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    Visualization of viral clearance in the living animal (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-04-24
    Description: The early events in viral dissemination via the bloodstream were identified by monitoring the fate of 123I-radiolabeled reovirus after it was injected intravenously in rats. Continuous scintillation camera imaging showed that reovirus serotypes 1 and 3 were cleared from the circulation in less than 10 minutes by specific and distinct target organs. Reovirus serotype 1 accumulated predominantly in the lungs and the liver, whereas serotype 3 accumulated in the liver and the spleen with very little virus uptake by the lungs. Incubation of reovirus serotype 1 with a monoclonal antibody directed against the viral hemagglutinin before injection totally inhibited the clearance of the virus by the lungs. Similar results were obtained when viruses biolabeled with 35S were used. These results demonstrate that viruses can be rapidly transported through the bloodstream to specific target organs and that the localization of the viruses depends on the interaction between specific viral surface components and the target organ.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verdin, E M -- Maratos-Flier, E -- Kahn, C R -- Sodoyez, J C -- Sodoyez-Goffaux, F -- De Vos, C J -- Lynn, S P -- Fields, B N -- AI 3178/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AM 01252/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Apr 24;236(4800):439-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3031817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Mammalian orthoreovirus 3/physiology ; Reoviridae/immunology/*physiology ; Reoviridae Infections/*microbiology ; Time Factors ; Tissue Distribution
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    Eosinophils cocultured with endothelial cells have increased survival and functional properties (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-08-07
    Description: Human peripheral blood eosinophils, cells often associated with allergic and parasitic diseases, were maintained in vitro for at least 14 days when they were cocultured with bovine endothelial cells and for at least 7 days when cultured with either bovine or human endothelial cell-derived conditioned medium. The cocultured eosinophils became hypodense and generated about three times as much leukotriene C4 upon activation with calcium ionophore and killed about three times as many antibody-coated larvae of Schistosoma mansoni as freshly isolated normodense eosinophils. That these cells can be maintained in vitro by coculture with endothelial cells, and the surprising finding that the cocultured eosinophils have biochemical, cytotoxic, and density properties similar to those of eosinophils in patients with allergic and other disorders, will facilitate investigation of the regulation and role of these cells in health and disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rothenberg, M E -- Owen, W F Jr -- Silberstein, D S -- Soberman, R J -- Austen, K F -- Stevens, R L -- AI-22531/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-23483/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AM-01401/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 7;237(4815):645-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3110954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Cattle ; *Cell Communication ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium/*cytology ; Eosinophils/*cytology ; Humans ; SRS-A/biosynthesis ; Schistosoma mansoni/immunology ; Time Factors
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    Cellular and subcellular heterogeneity of [Ca2+]i in single heart cells revealed by fura-2 (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-01-16
    Description: Digital imaging of calcium indicator signals (fura-2 fluorescence) from single cardiac cells has revealed different subcellular patterns of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) that are associated with different types of cellular appearance and behavior. In any population of enzymatically isolated rat heart cells, there are mechanically quiescent cells in which [Ca2+]i is spatially uniform, constant over time, and relatively low; spontaneously contracting cells, which have an increased [Ca2+]i, but in which the spatial uniformity of [Ca2+]i is interrupted periodically by spontaneous propagating waves of high [Ca2+]i; and cells that are hypercontracted (rounded up) and that have higher levels of [Ca2+]i than the other two types. The observed cellular and subcellular heterogeneity of [Ca2+]i in isolated cells indicates that experiments performed on suspensions of cells should be interpreted with caution. The spontaneous [Ca2+]i fluctuations previously observed without spatial resolution in multicellular preparations may actually be inhomogeneous at the subcellular level.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wier, W G -- Cannell, M B -- Berlin, J R -- Marban, E -- Lederer, W J -- HL25675/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL29473/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Jan 16;235(4786):325-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3798114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Benzofurans ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Compartmentation ; Fura-2 ; In Vitro Techniques ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*cytology/metabolism ; Rats ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Time Factors
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    Long-term sensitization in Aplysia: biophysical correlates in tail sensory neurons (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-02-06
    Description: A fundamental problem in the cellular analysis of learning and memory is the identification of the neuronal substrates of long-term information storage and their relation to short-term cellular alterations. In this report, biophysical correlates of long-term sensitization of a simple withdrawal reflex in the mollusc Aplysia were examined. A voltage-clamp analysis of the sensory neurons that control the reflex, 24 hours after sensitization training, revealed a significant reduction in net outward current. The results indicate that one mechanism for the storage of long-term sensitization is the regulation of membrane currents that influence the characteristics of the action potential and the excitability of individual neurons. The results also provide insights into the relation between short- and long-term sensitization in that the biophysical loci involved in the storage of long-term sensitization appear similar to those involved in short-term sensitization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scholz, K P -- Byrne, J H -- NS 19895/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Feb 6;235(4789):685-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2433766" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aplysia/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Ion Channels/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Reflex/*physiology ; Tail/innervation ; Time Factors
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    Time-resolved x-ray diffraction of biological materials (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-10-16
    Description: Instrumental and specimen considerations pertinent to performing time-resolved x-ray diffraction on biological materials are discussed. Existing synchrotron x-ray sources, in conjunction with integrating x-ray detectors, have made millisecond diffraction experiments feasible; exposure times several orders of magnitude shorter than this will be possible with synchrotron sources now on the drawing boards. Experience gained from time-resolved studies together with order-of-magnitude estimates of specimen requirements can be used to determine the instrumental capabilities needed for various time-resolved experiments. Existing instrumental capabilities and methods of dealing with time-resolved specimens are reviewed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gruner, S M -- GM32614/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 16;238(4825):305-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Princeton University, NJ 08544.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3310232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Particle Accelerators ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; *X-Ray Diffraction/instrumentation ; X-Rays
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    Metabolic Catch-22 of exercise regimens (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Apr 10;236(4798):146-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3563492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *Metabolism ; *Physical Exertion ; Time Factors
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    Xenopus oocytes injected with rat uterine RNA express very slowly activating potassium currents (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-03-06
    Description: Under the influence of estrogen, uterine smooth muscle becomes highly excitable, generating spontaneous and prolonged bursts of action potentials. In a study of the mechanisms by which this transition in excitability occurs, polyadenylated RNA from the uteri of estrogen-treated rats was injected into Xenopus oocytes. The injected oocytes expressed a novel voltage-dependent potassium current. This current was not observed in oocytes injected with RNA from several other excitable tissues, including rat brain and uterine smooth muscle from ovariectomized rats not treated with estrogen. The activation of this current on depolarization was exceptionally slow, particularly for depolarizations from relatively negative membrane potentials. Such a slowly activating channel may play an important role in the slow, repetitive bursts of action potentials in the myometrium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boyle, M B -- Azhderian, E M -- MacLusky, N J -- Naftolin, F -- Kaczmarek, L K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Mar 6;235(4793):1221-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2434999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Egtazic Acid/pharmacology ; Female ; Injections ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Potassium/*metabolism ; RNA/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors ; Uterus/*metabolism ; Xenopus
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    Naturally acquired antibodies to sporozoites do not prevent malaria: vaccine development implications (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-08-07
    Description: The first human vaccines against the malaria parasite have been designed to elicit antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum. However, it is not known whether any level of naturally acquired antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein can predict resistance to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In this study, 83 adults in a malaria-endemic region of Kenya were tested for circumsporozoite antibodies and then treated for malaria. They were monitored for the development of new malaria infections for 98 days. Antibody levels, as determined by four assays in vitro, were indistinguishable between the 60 individuals who did and the 23 who did not develop parasitemia during follow-up, and there was no apparent relation between day of onset of parasitemia and level of antibodies to circumsporozoite protein. Unless immunization with sporozoite vaccines induces antibodies that are quantitatively or qualitatively superior to the circumsporozoite antibodies in these adults, it is unlikely that such antibodies will prevent infection in areas with as intense malaria transmission as western Kenya.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, S L -- Oster, C N -- Plowe, C V -- Woollett, G R -- Beier, J C -- Chulay, J D -- Wirtz, R A -- Hollingdale, M R -- Mugambi, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 7;237(4815):639-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3299709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antibodies/*analysis ; Antigens, Protozoan ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Humans ; Kenya ; Malaria/*prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasmodium falciparum/*immunology ; Prospective Studies ; *Protozoan Proteins ; Spores/immunology ; Time Factors ; *Vaccines
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    On the prevalence of room-temperature protein phosphorescence (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-05-01
    Description: A large number of proteins were tested for the property of intrinsic phosphorescence in deoxygenated aqueous solution at room temperature. The majority of proteins exhibit phosphorescence under normal solution conditions. Phosphorescence lifetimes from 0.5 millisecond to 2 seconds were observed in three-fourths of the proteins tested. The lifetime appears to correlate with relative isolation of the tryptophan indole side chain from solvent. With few exceptions, proteins in general can be expected to display a phosphorescence lifetime greater than 30 microseconds. This widespread characteristic of proteins has been largely overlooked because long-lived phosphorescence is highly sensitive to quenching by low levels of dissolved oxygen in solution. Protein phosphorescence offers a new time domain and a far wider dynamic range than has been used before for photoluminescence experimentation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3438914/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3438914/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vanderkooi, J M -- Calhoun, D B -- Englander, S W -- AM 11295/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM 34448/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 36393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM031847/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 May 1;236(4801):568-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Fluorescence ; *Luminescence ; *Luminescent Proteins ; Oxygen/pharmacology ; Solutions ; Spectrophotometry ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Tryptophan
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    Conduction velocity variations minimize conduction time differences among retinal ganglion cell axons (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-10-16
    Description: The visual system is able to accurately represent the spatiotemporal relations among the elements of a changing visual scene as the image moves across the retinal surface. This precise spatiotemporal mapping occurs despite great variability in retinal position and conduction velocity even among retinal ganglion cells of the same physiological class-a variability that would seem to reduce the precision with which spatiotemporal information can be transmitted to central visual areas. There was a strong negative relation between the intraretinal and extraretinal conduction time for axons of individual ganglion cells of the X-cell class. The effect of this relation was to produce a nearly constant total transmission time between the soma of a retinal X cell and its central target site. Thus, the variation in the conduction velocities of retinal ganglion cell axons may ensure that, regardless of the constraints imposed by retinal topography, a precise spatiotemporal central representation of the retinal image is maintained.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stanford, L R -- EY04977/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD03352/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 16;238(4825):358-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3659918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cats ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; *Neural Conduction ; Optic Nerve/physiology/ultrastructure ; Retina/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*ultrastructure ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/physiology
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    Determination of junction avidity of cytolytic T cell and target cell (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-12-12
    Description: A direct measurement of the avidity of the junction between a cytotoxic T lymphocyte and its target cell was achieved by using a biophysical approach. A micromanipulation technique was used to determine the force required to separate a cytotoxic T cell (human clone F1, with specificity for HLA-DRw6) from its specific target cell (JY: HLA-A2, -B7, -DR4, w6) prior to delivery of the lethal hit. The force required to separate the F1-JY pair is 1.5 X 10(4) dynes per square centimeter. This junction avidity for F1-JY pairs is 6 to 13 times greater than that for F1-F1 and JY-JY pairs; the F1-JY conjugate requires a stronger separating force and is more easily rejoined than the homologous cell pairs. This study provides an estimate of the avidity of cytotoxic T cells for their target cells and insights into the biophysical correlates of the molecular complexes formed in the interaction of cytotoxic T cells and their targets during the cytotoxic process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sung, K L -- Sung, L A -- Crimmins, M -- Burakoff, S J -- Chien, S -- CA-13429/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL 16851/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R23 CA-37955/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1405-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3491426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Communication ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; HLA-DR Antigens/immunology ; HLA-DR6 Antigen ; Humans ; Mathematics ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*cytology/immunology ; Time Factors
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    Induction of membrane ruffling and fluid-phase pinocytosis in quiescent fibroblasts by ras proteins (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-09-05
    Description: Expression of the ras oncogene is thought to be one of the contributing events in the initiation of certain types of human cancer. To determine the cellular activities that are directly triggered by ras proteins, the early consequences of microinjection of the human H-ras proteins into quiescent rat embryo fibroblasts were investigated. Within 30 minutes to 1 hour after injection, cells show a marked increase in surface ruffles and fluid-phase pinocytosis. The rapid enhancement of membrane ruffling and pinocytosis is induced by both the proto-oncogenic and the oncogenic forms of the H-ras protein. The effects produced by the oncogenic protein persist for more than 15 hours after injection, whereas the effects of the proto-oncogenic protein are short-lived, being restricted to a 3-hour interval after injection. The stimulatory effect of the ras oncogene protein on ruffling and pinocytosis is dependent on the amount of injected protein and is accompanied by an apparent stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity. These rapid changes in cell membrane activities induced by ras proteins may represent primary events in the mechanism of action of ras proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bar-Sagi, D -- Feramisco, J R -- CA07896/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA39811/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM28277/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 5;233(4768):1061-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3090687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Membrane/*drug effects/ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; DNA/biosynthesis ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Microinjections ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/*pharmacology ; Phospholipases A/metabolism ; Phospholipases A2 ; Phospholipids/metabolism ; Pinocytosis/*drug effects ; Rats ; Time Factors
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    Neurosciences advance in basic and clinical realms (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1324-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*diagnosis/pathology ; Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; Humans ; Ion Channels/*physiology ; Mollusca ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Induction of HTLV-III/LAV from a nonvirus-producing T-cell line: implications for latency (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: When the human T-cell line A3.01 is infected with HTLV-III/LAV, the virus associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), most of the cells are killed. However, a small number of cells that lack the Leu-3 surface marker survive. Under normal conditions these surviving cells do not produce virus, nor can they be infected by the virus, but they can be induced to produce virus by treatment with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. This response can be induced for as long as 3 months after the initial infection, suggesting that the cells may harbor a latent form of HTLV-III/LAV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Folks, T -- Powell, D M -- Lightfoote, M M -- Benn, S -- Martin, M A -- Fauci, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):600-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics/microbiology ; Cell Line ; Deltaretrovirus/*growth & development ; Humans ; Idoxuridine/pharmacology ; Models, Genetic ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*microbiology ; Time Factors ; *Virus Activation/drug effects
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    Heart attacks at 9:00 a.m (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 25;233(4762):417-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cerebrovascular Disorders/etiology ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/*etiology ; Time Factors
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  • 47
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    Interferon inhibits the establishment of competence in Go/S-phase transition (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-18
    Description: Addition of mouse interferon-alpha/beta (IFN) to confluent, quiescent BALB/c 3T3 (clone A31) mouse fibroblasts resulted in a block or delay in serum-induced activation of the cell cycle. It was necessary to add IFN within 6 hours after serum stimulation to inhibit nuclear labeling with [3H]thymidine. This is consistent with the time required for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to induce cells to become competent to respond to additional growth factors present in platelet-poor plasma. Simultaneous addition of IFN with PDGF inhibited the PDGF-induced synthesis of a 29-kilodalton and a 35-kilodalton protein that normally occurs within 1 hour after PDGF addition. IFN also suppressed the general increase in protein synthesis that occurs by the fifth hour after PDGF addition. These results show that IFN antagonizes the action of PDGF, thereby interfering with the activation of Go cells for G1 traverse and S-phase entry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, S L -- Kikuchi, T -- Pledger, W J -- Tamm, I -- CA 18213/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 18608/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 42713/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 18;233(4761):356-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3726533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood ; Cell Cycle/*drug effects ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Interferon Type I/*pharmacology ; Interphase ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Weight ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Time Factors
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    Studies and perspectives of protein kinase C (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-07-18
    Description: Protein kinase C, an enzyme that is activated by the receptor-mediated hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids, relays information in the form of a variety of extracellular signals across the membrane to regulate many Ca2+-dependent processes. At an early phase of cellular responses, the enzyme appears to have a dual effect, providing positive forward as well as negative feedback controls over various steps of its own and other signaling pathways, such as the receptors that are coupled to inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and those of some growth factors. In biological systems, a positive signal is frequently followed by immediate negative feedback regulation. Such a novel role of this protein kinase system seems to give a logical basis for clarifying the biochemical mechanism of signal transduction, and to add a new dimension essential to our understanding of cell-to-cell communication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nishizuka, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 18;233(4761):305-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Platelets/metabolism ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; *Cation Transport Proteins ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Diglycerides/metabolism ; Electric Conductivity ; Enzyme Activation ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Phosphatidylinositols/*metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Protein Kinase C/*metabolism ; Purkinje Cells/enzymology ; Rats ; Serotonin/blood ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Time Factors
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  • 49
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    Protein modification by amino acid addition is increased in crushed sciatic but not optic nerves (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: Rat optic and sciatic nerves were crushed, and 10 minutes to 3 days later nerve segments between the crushed site and the cell body were removed and assayed for posttranslational protein modification by amino acid addition. Protein modification was comparable in intact optic and sciatic nerves, but in sciatic nerves increased to 1.6 times control levels 10 minutes after crushing and reached a maximum of ten times control levels by 2 hours. In optic nerves activity was decreased throughout the time course studied. The results indicate that, in a nerve which is capable of regeneration (sciatic), protein modification by the addition of amino acids increases immediately after injury, but a nerve incapable of regeneration (optic) is incapable of activating the modification reaction. These findings may be important in understanding the reasons for the lack of a regenerative response after injury to central mammalian nerves.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shyne-Athwal, S -- Riccio, R V -- Chakraborty, G -- Ingoglia, N A -- NS19148/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):603-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3080804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Animals ; Arginine/metabolism ; Decapodiformes ; Goldfish ; Leucine/metabolism ; Lysine/metabolism ; Nerve Regeneration ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Optic Nerve/*metabolism/physiology ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; Rats ; Sciatic Nerve/injuries/*metabolism/physiology ; Time Factors
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    Mechanisms of human motion perception revealed by a new cyclopean illusion (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: A new cyclopean illusion of motion may bear on neural mechanisms of direction selectivity. Stationary flickering patterns were presented to each eye, and the resulting fused pattern was perceived to be moving. To determine direction of motion, the visual system seems to integrate image components differing by 90 degrees in spatial and temporal phase. On the other hand, image speed seems to be derived from displacement of features over time. A model of neural direction selectivity is discussed in light of these results.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shadlen, M -- Carney, T -- EY01175/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY05636/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):95-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3952502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Fourier Analysis ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Models, Psychological ; *Motion Perception ; Space Perception ; Time Factors
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    Obesity, overeating, and rapid gastric emptying in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-02-07
    Description: Measurements confirm the quantitative theoretical prediction that the autonomic nonendocrine abnormality of rapid daytime gastric emptying is the major primary cause of the obesity resulting from ventromedial hypothalamic lesions in rats. Therapy for obesity could include slowing of stomach emptying.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duggan, J P -- Booth, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 7;231(4738):609-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3511527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Feeding and Eating Disorders/*physiopathology ; *Gastric Emptying/drug effects ; Humans ; Hyperphagia/etiology/*physiopathology ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Obesity/etiology/*physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors ; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus/*physiology
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    Three-year incidence of AIDS in five cohorts of HTLV-III-infected risk group members (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: The incidence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among persons infected with human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) was evaluated prospectively among 725 persons who were at high risk of AIDS and had enrolled before October 1982 in cohort studies of homosexual men, parenteral drug users, and hemophiliacs. A total of 276 (38.1 percent) of the subjects were either HTLV-III seropositive at enrollment or developed HTLV-III antibodies subsequently. AIDS had developed in 28 (10.1 percent) of the seropositive subjects before August 1985. By actuarial survival calculations, the 3-year incidence of AIDS among all HTLV-III seropositive subjects was 34.2 percent in the cohort of homosexual men in Manhattan, New York, and 14.9 percent (range 8.0 to 17.2 percent) in the four other cohorts. Out of 117 subjects followed for a mean of 31 months after documented seroconversion, five (all hemophiliacs) developed AIDS 28 to 62 months after the estimated date of seroconversion, supporting the hypothesis that there is a long latency between acquisition of viral infection and the development of clinical AIDS. This long latency could account for the significantly higher AIDS incidence in the New York cohort compared with other cohorts if the virus entered the New York homosexual population before it entered the populations from which the other cohorts were drawn. However, risk of AIDS development in different populations may also depend on the presence of as yet unidentified cofactors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goedert, J J -- Biggar, R J -- Weiss, S H -- Eyster, M E -- Melbye, M -- Wilson, S -- Ginzburg, H M -- Grossman, R J -- DiGioia, R A -- Sanchez, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):992-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology/physiopathology/transmission ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Deltaretrovirus/*metabolism ; Denmark ; Hemophilia A/microbiology ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; New York City ; Risk ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/microbiology ; Time Factors ; United States
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    Differential conditioning of associative synaptic enhancement in hippocampal brain slices (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: An electrophysiological stimulation paradigm similar to one that produces Pavlovian conditioning was applied to synaptic inputs to pyramidal neurons of hippocampal brain slices. Persistent synaptic enhancement was induced in one of two weak synaptic inputs by pairing high-frequency electrical stimulation of the weak input with stimulation of a third, stronger input to the same region. Forward (temporally overlapping) but not backward (temporally separate) pairings caused this enhancement. Thus hippocampal synapses in vitro can undergo the conditional and selective type of associative modification that could provide the substrate for some of the mnemonic functions in which the hippocampus is thought to participate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelso, S R -- Brown, T H -- NS07408/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):85-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3952501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conditioning, Classical ; Electric Stimulation ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Models, Neurological ; Models, Psychological ; Neurons/physiology ; Pyramidal Tracts/physiology ; Rats ; Synapses/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Evolution of human influenza A viruses over 50 years: rapid, uniform rate of change in NS gene (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1986-05-23
    Description: Variation in influenza A viruses was examined by comparison of nucleotide sequences of the NS gene (890 bases) of 15 human viruses isolated over 53 years (1933 to 1985). Changes in the genes accumulate with time, and an evolutionary tree based on the maximum parsimony method can be constructed. The evolutionary rate is approximately 2 X 10(-3) substitution per site per year in the NS genes, which is about 10(6) times the evolutionary rate of germline genes in mammals. This uniform and rapid rate of evolution in the NS gene is a good molecular clock and is compatible with the hypothesis that positive selection is operating on the hemagglutinin (or perhaps some other viral genes) to preserve random mutations in the NS gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buonagurio, D A -- Nakada, S -- Parvin, J D -- Krystal, M -- Palese, P -- Fitch, W M -- AI-11823/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-18998/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 23;232(4753):980-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2939560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Capsid/*immunology ; Genes ; Influenza A virus/*genetics ; Time Factors ; Viral Core Proteins/*immunology ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins
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    Evolution of bunyaviruses by genome reassortment in dually infected mosquitoes (Aedes triseriatus) (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-11-01
    Description: Aedes triseriatus mosquitoes became dually infected after ingesting two mutants of LaCrosse (LAC) virus simultaneously or after ingesting, by interrupted feeding, the two viruses sequentially within a 2-day period. After 2 weeks of incubation, approximately 25 percent of the vectors contained new virus genotypes as the result of RNA segment reassortment. New viruses were transmitted when the mosquitoes fed on mice. Viruses ingested more than 2 days after the initial infecting virus did not cause superinfection of the mosquito vectors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaty, B J -- Sundin, D R -- Chandler, L J -- Bishop, D H -- AI 15400/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 19688/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 1;230(4725):548-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4048949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*microbiology ; Animals ; Blood ; Bunyaviridae/*genetics ; Genotype ; Insect Vectors ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Time Factors
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    Why do inbred mice evolve so quickly? (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1187.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4039848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains/*genetics ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors
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  • 57
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    "Where" and "what" in vision (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: The mixture of a few horizontal and vertical line segments embedded in an aggregate of diagonal line segments can be rapidly counted and their positions rapidly determined by a parallel (preattentive) process. However, the discrimination between horizontal and vertical orientation (that is, discrimination of a single conspicuous feature) requires serial search by focal attention. Under recent theories of attention, focal attention has been assumed to be required for the recognition of different combinations of features. According to the findings of this experiment, knowing "what" even a single feature is requires time-consuming search by focal attention. Only knowing "where" a target it is mediated by a parallel process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sagi, D -- Julesz, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1217-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Attention/physiology ; Form Perception/physiology ; Humans ; Orientation/physiology ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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    Complete development of hepatic stages of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-01-25
    Description: An in vitro model was developed to study the hepatic phase of Plasmodium falciparum, the only malaria parasite lethal to man. Primary cultures of human hepatocytes were inoculated with sporozoites of Brazilian and African strains of P. falciparum. On days 1 through 7 after inoculation examination of fluorescence-labeled and Giemsa-stained preparations demonstrated the presence of many intracellular parasites. In three separate sets of experiments all cultures were found to be infected with as many as 650 liver schizonts measuring up to 40 micrometers. After the addition of red blood cells, intraerythrocytic forms of P. falciparum were detected on days 12 and 13 by an immunofluorescence assay, indicating that the hepatic cycle had been completed in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mazier, D -- Beaudoin, R L -- Mellouk, S -- Druilhe, P -- Texier, B -- Trosper, J -- Miltgen, F -- Landau, I -- Paul, C -- Brandicourt, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):440-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3880923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Azure Stains ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Erythrocytes/parasitology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Liver/*parasitology ; Plasmodium falciparum/cytology/*growth & development ; Time Factors
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    The 36-kilodalton substrate of pp60v-src is myristylated in a transformation-sensitive manner (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-11-01
    Description: A primary intracellular substrate for pp60v-src kinase in a variety of avian and mammalian cells is a protein of 34 to 39 kilodaltons (kD). After incubation of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) with [3H]myristic acid for 4 hours, the 36-kD protein contained covalently bound myristic acid by several criteria: (i) the radioactively labeled material comigrated with the 36-kD protein on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels in one and two dimensions, (ii) the labeled material was insoluble in chloroform-methanol, and (iii) radioactively labeled myristate could be recovered from the purified 36-kD protein. The resistance of the acyl fatty acid moiety to hydrolysis by hydroxylamine suggested that the covalent linkage to the 36-kD protein may be through an amide linkage. The [3H]myristic-acid labeling of the 36-kD protein in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed CEF showed a reduction of up to 45 percent when compared to an identical amount of 36-kD protein derived from normal cells; this reduction was not due to general changes in myristic acid metabolism in transformed cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soric, J -- Gordon, J A -- CA-15823/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-35378/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 1;230(4725):563-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996139" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avian Sarcoma Viruses ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; Chick Embryo ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Hydrolysis ; Hydroxylamine ; Hydroxylamines/pharmacology ; Methionine/metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Myristic Acid ; Myristic Acids/*metabolism ; Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) ; Retroviridae Proteins/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Agency scraps plan to limit ethylene oxide (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):392-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ethylene Oxide/adverse effects ; Humans ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Time Factors ; United States ; United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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    Vision guides the adjustment of auditory localization in young barn owls (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-01
    Description: Barn owls raised with one ear plugged make systematic errors in auditory localization when the earplug is removed. Young owls correct their localization errors within a few weeks. However, such animals did not correct their auditory localization errors when deprived of vision. Moreover, when prisms were mounted in front of their eyes, they adjusted their auditory localization to match the visual error induced by the prisms, as long as the visual and auditory errors were within the same quadrant of directions. The results demonstrate that, during development, the visual system provides the spatial reference for fine-tuning auditory localization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knudsen, E I -- Knudsen, P F -- R01 NS 16099-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 1;230(4725):545-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4048948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Birds/*physiology ; Sound Localization/*physiology ; Spatial Behavior ; Time Factors ; Vision, Ocular/*physiology
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    Is the war on cancer being won? (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 9;229(4713):543-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Neoplasms/diagnosis/mortality/*prevention & control ; Research ; Statistics as Topic ; Time Factors ; United States
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    Induction of hepatitis B virus core gene in human cells by cytosine demethylation in the promoter (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: A recombinant human cell line constructed by transfection of epithelial cells with a plasmid containing the hepatitis B virus core gene (HBc) was used to study the regulation of HBc gene expression. Methylation of a single Hpa II site 280 base pairs upstream from the structural gene was found to regulate the expression of the core gene. Expression increased in cells treated with 5'-azacytidine as a result of cytosine demethylation at this site, and there was a fivefold increase in the number of HBc gene transcripts in total cellular messenger RNA. The varied life cycle of hepatitis B virus in disease such as viral hepatitis and liver cancer may therefore be attributable to the site-specific regulation of the gene involved in replication of the viral DNA and to the cytophathic effects elicited by this gene in human cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korba, B E -- Wilson, V L -- Yoakum, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1103-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2581318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine ; Azacitidine/pharmacology ; Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Genes, Viral ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens/*genetics ; Humans ; *Methylation ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Time Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Virus Replication
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    Expression of two variant surface glycoproteins on individual African trypanosomes during antigen switching (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-12
    Description: Individual Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense organisms were observed in the process of switching variant surface glycoproteins (VSG's). During this switch, trypanosomes simultaneously expressed both pre- and postswitch VSG's uniformly over their surface as detected with monoclonal antibodies. Analysis of this switching event showed that trypanosomes expressing any one of three distinct preswitch VSG's could switch to expression of from one to three different postswitch VSG's. Up to 2.7 percent of the trypanosome population was in the process of switching at one time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Esser, K M -- Schoenbechler, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 12;229(4709):190-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3892689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; *Antigens, Protozoan ; *Antigens, Surface ; Cell Cycle ; Fluorescein ; Fluoresceins ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Genes ; Mice ; Rhodamines ; Time Factors ; Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/*immunology ; Trypanosomiasis, African/immunology
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    Inhibition of interferon-gamma may suppress allograft reactivity by T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-12
    Description: The addition to mixed-leukocyte reactions of monoclonal antibodies to interferon-gamma abrogated alloantigen recognition and induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by inducing early and highly effective suppressor T lymphocytes. This inhibitory activity was not confined to in vitro models, since daily injection of the antibodies into CBA/J mice blocked the usual rejection of allogenic tumor cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landolfo, S -- Cofano, F -- Giovarelli, M -- Prat, M -- Cavallo, G -- Forni, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 12;229(4709):176-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3160110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; *Graft Rejection ; Interferon-gamma/*physiology ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Time Factors
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    Responsiveness and receptive field size of carp horizontal cells are reduced by prolonged darkness and dopamine (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-13
    Description: In the fish retina the interplexiform cells contain dopamine and provide a centrifugal pathway from the inner plexiform layer to horizontal cells of the outer plexiform layer. Dopamine application reduced the responsiveness and receptive field size of cone horizontal cells, as did a prolonged period of complete darkness. Other results suggest that the interplexiform cells may release dopamine after a prolonged period in the dark. The interplexiform-horizontal cell system may modify the strength of the antagonistic surrounds of retinal neurons as a function of time in the dark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mangel, S C -- Dowling, J E -- EY-00824/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY-05102/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 13;229(4718):1107-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Darkness ; Dopamine/*pharmacology ; Electrophysiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Fishes ; Light ; Membrane Potentials ; Retina/*cytology/drug effects ; Time Factors
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    Prostacyclin synthesis induced in vascular cells by interleukin-1 (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-12
    Description: Supernatants from cultures of human monocytes that had been stimulated with endotoxin or silica induced the synthesis of prostacyclin in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. The lymphokine mediating these effects on the cells of the blood vessel wall was identified as interleukin-1; interferons and interleukin-2 were inactive. Interleukin-1-induced prostacyclin synthesis represents a new aspect of the interaction between the immune system (as well as other tissues) and the vessel wall and may serve as a basis for the development of new strategies in antithrombotic therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rossi, V -- Breviario, F -- Ghezzi, P -- Dejana, E -- Mantovani, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 12;229(4709):174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2409598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood Vessels/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelium/*metabolism ; Epoprostenol/*biosynthesis ; Humans ; Interferons/pharmacology ; Interleukin-1/*pharmacology ; Interleukin-2/pharmacology ; Monocytes/physiology ; Muscle, Smooth/*metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Evolution in inbred strains of mice appears rapid (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: Genetic variation at 97 loci in ten commonly used inbred strains of mice is greatly in excess of that expected under current assumptions. Evidence against all of the readily apparent explanations is presented and the possibility of early selection for heterozygosity or of conversion is suggested. The common ancestor of these strains is estimated to have occurred about 150 years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fitch, W M -- Atchley, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1169-75.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Heterozygote ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains/*genetics ; Mutation ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors
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    Partial inversion of the initiation-promotion sequence of multistage tumorigenesis in the skin of NMRI mice (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-10-04
    Description: Alterations in NMRI mouse skin induced by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in "stage I of tumor promotion" are slowly reversible, and this reversibility has a half-time of 10 to 12 weeks. The tumor response observed in the course of an initiation-promotion experiment in vivo is independent of whether stage I of promotion occurs before or after initiation. Since the time interval between treatment with the promoter, and subsequent initiation can be extended up to at least 6 weeks, an enhancement of initiation because of promoter-induced cellular DNA synthesis seems to be unlikely. This result may be inconsistent with the two-stage model of tumor promotion because it indicates that in skin the existence of initiated cells is not required for the induction of cellular alterations that are essential for the stage of skin tumorigenesis called stage I of promotion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Furstenberger, G -- Kinzel, V -- Schwarz, M -- Marks, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 4;230(4721):76-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3929385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; *Diterpenes ; Female ; Mice ; Phorbol Esters ; Skin Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Terpenes ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; Time Factors
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    Hypothalamic reward mechanism: two first-stage fiber populations with a cholinergic component (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Refractory periods were estimated for fibers of the hypothalamic substrate of brain stimulation reward. Two nonoverlapping populations were evident: a homogeneous fast population and a more heterogeneous slow population. Cholinergic blockade eliminated the contribution of the fast but not the slow fibers, while dopaminergic blockade reduced responding without significantly influencing either directly activated fiber population. These data indicate that the hypothalamic reward substrate is more complex than has been widely appreciated; it contains two or more parallel subsystems, and one of these subsystems has a cholinergic link.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gratton, A -- Wise, R A -- DA 1720/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):545-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2981439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atropine/pharmacology ; Cholinergic Fibers/*physiology ; Dopamine/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Medial Forebrain Bundle/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Pimozide/pharmacology ; Rats ; *Reward ; Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors
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    A guarded endorsement for shock therapy (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1510-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Anesthetics/adverse effects ; Depression/*therapy ; *Electroconvulsive Therapy/adverse effects ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Memory Disorders/etiology ; Mentally Ill Persons ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Risk ; *Risk Assessment ; Time Factors ; United States ; disfavor has led to calls for more research on all aspects of this controversial ; treatment. A recent consensus conference sponsored by the National Institutes of ; Health produced cautious approval of ECT to treat severe depression. After ; reviewing existing research data and listening to testimony on ECT's effects, ; especially effects on memory, the panel recommended that immediate research be ; done on methods and effects of ECT, that ECT training be included in medical and ; psychiatric education, and that more attention be paid to review and regulatory ; mechanisms. Holden speculates that the persistent and fierce opposition to ECT ; reflects the schism within psychiatry between biological and psychodynamic ; treatment approaches, as well as the impact of public information gained largely ; from overly harrowing portrayals of ECT.
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    Tissue plasminogen activator reduces neurological damage after cerebral embolism (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-13
    Description: Intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator immediately after the injection of numerous small blood clots into the carotid circulation in rabbit embolic stroke model animals caused a significant reduction in neurological damage. In vitro studies indicate that tissue plasminogen activator produced substantial lysis of clots at concentrations comparable to those expected in vivo, suggesting that this may be the mechanism of action of this drug. Drug-induced hemorrhages were not demonstrable. Tissue plasminogen activator may be of value for the immediate treatment of embolic stroke.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zivin, J A -- Fisher, M -- DeGirolami, U -- Hemenway, C C -- Stashak, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 13;230(4731):1289-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3934754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis/*therapy ; Rabbits ; Time Factors ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator/*therapeutic use
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    Criteria for evidence of chemical carcinogenicity. Interdisciplinary Panel on Carcinogenicity (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-17
    Description: The Interdisciplinary Panel on Carcinogenicity reviewed and reevaluated criteria for assessing evidence of carcinogenicity of chemical substances. The panel reviewed criteria applicable to data derived from human epidemiological studies and from both in vivo and in vitro laboratory studies. A critical appraisal of all these sources of information led to the conclusion that the characterization of human risk always requires interdisciplinary evaluation of the entire array of data on a case-by-case basis. Animal studies, whenever possible, should be augmented by studies of mechanisms, metabolism, and pharmacodynamics. Such studies may assist in assessing risk to man. Recognizing the utility of such data should point the way for better assessment in the future.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):682-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6463646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; *Carcinogens/metabolism/pharmacology ; Carcinogens, Environmental ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Exposure ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Risk ; Time Factors ; United States
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    Heterochronic mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: Mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans genes lin-14, lin-28, and lin-29 cause heterochronic developmental defects: the timing of specific developmental events in several tissues is altered relative to the timing of events in other tissues. These defects result from temporal transformations in the fates of specific cells, that is, certain cells express fates normally expressed by cells generated at other developmental stages. The identification and characterization of genes that can be mutated to cause heterochrony support the proposal that heterochrony is a mechanism for phylogenetic change and suggest cellular and genetic bases for heterochronic variation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ambros, V -- Horvitz, H R -- GM24663/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM24943/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD00369/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):409-16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes ; Genetic Variation ; Male ; *Mutation ; *Phylogeny ; Time Factors
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    A novel nuclear form of estradiol receptor in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-09-14
    Description: Nuclear estrogen receptor from MCF-7 cells undergoes a time-dependent, hormone-inducible transformation to a form that is less extractable from nuclei and less exchangeable with ligand. This receptor-modifying, intranuclear event is independent of receptor loss (processing) and appears associated with hormone responsiveness (progesterone-receptor induction) in these cells. The magnitude of receptor loss, however, is variable and apparently not a prerequisite for hormone action to induce progesterone receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasid, A -- Strobl, J S -- Huff, K -- Greene, G L -- Lippman, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 14;225(4667):1162-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Humans ; Receptors, Estradiol ; Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis ; Time Factors
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    Neuroendocrine response to estrogen and sexual orientation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-09-28
    Description: A neuroendocrine component, the positive estrogen feedback effect, thought to be related to sexual orientation and, indirectly, to sexual differentiation, was evaluated in healthy, noninstitutionalized research volunteers. Men and women with a lifelong heterosexual orientation and men with a lifelong homosexual orientation were administered an estrogen preparation known to enhance the concentration of luteinizing hormone in women but not in men. The secretory pattern of luteinizing hormone in the homosexuals in response to estrogen was intermediate between that of the heterosexual men and that of the women. Furthermore, testosterone was depressed for a significantly longer period in the homosexual men than in the heterosexual men. These findings suggest that biological markers for sexual orientation may exist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gladue, B A -- Green, R -- Hellman, R E -- MH-37412/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RR-05835-03/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1496-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/*pharmacology ; Estrone/*blood ; Female ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/*blood ; Male ; Sex Factors ; *Sexual Behavior ; Testosterone/*blood ; Time Factors
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    An ultrahigh-speed analysis of exocytosis: nematocyst discharge (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-02-24
    Description: High-speed microcinematography of nematocyst discharge in Hydra attenuata Pall. shows that this specialized exocytosis, which appears to result from an increase in the intracapsular pressure, requires a total of about 3 milliseconds. A maximum velocity of 2 meters per second is generated, corresponding to an acceleration of 40,000g. Thus nematocyst discharge is one of the fastest cellular processes in nature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holstein, T -- Tardent, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 24;223(4638):830-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6695186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Exocytosis ; Hydra/*physiology ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Osmolar Concentration ; Time Factors
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  • 78
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    Morphine analgesia potentiated but tolerance not affected by active immunization against cholecystokinin (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-07
    Description: Administration of cholecystokinin was recently found to attenuate opiate analgesia. In the present study, the role of endogenous cholecystokinin in opiate analgesia was examined. Endogenously released cholecystokinin was sequestered by antibodies to cholecystokinin developed in response to an active immunization procedure. Morphine analgesia was potentiated and prolonged in rats immunized against cholecystokinin. The rate of development of morphine tolerance, however, was not affected by the antibodies. Endogenous cholecystokinin appears to function as a short-term modulator of opiate action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faris, P L -- McLaughlin, C L -- Baile, C A -- Olney, J W -- Komisaruk, B R -- ES-07066/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- MH-38894/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; Cholecystokinin/immunology/*physiology ; *Drug Tolerance ; Immunization ; Male ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Pain/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors
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  • 79
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    Neurophysiological evidence for a traveling wave in the amphibian inner ear (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-09-07
    Description: In response to low-frequency sounds (less than 1.0 kilohertz) auditory nerve fibers in the treefrog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, discharge at a preferred phase of the stimulus waveform which is a linear function of the stimulus frequency. Moreover, the slopes of the phase-versus-frequency functions (equivalent to the system time delays) systematically increase as the characteristic frequency of the fibers decreases. These neurophysiological observations, coupled with the known tonotopy of the amphibian papilla suggest that a traveling wave occurs in the inner ear of frogs despite the absence of a basilar membrane. Electrical tuning may contribute to these characteristic frequency-dependent delays.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hillery, C M -- Narins, P M -- NS07005-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS19725-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 7;225(4666):1037-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Pathways ; Cochlea/*physiology ; Ear, Inner/innervation/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Ranidae ; Tectorial Membrane/innervation/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve/*physiology
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  • 80
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    Facilitated sexual behavior reversed and serotonin restored by raphe nuclei transplanted into denervated hypothalamus (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-21
    Description: Fetal raphe cells transplanted into the hypothalamus reversed facilitation of feminine sexual behavior in rats with brain lesions induced by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Immunocytochemical and chemical analyses of serotonin indicate that reinnervation of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus by the transplants is associated with behavioral recovery. The findings suggest that transplanted fetal tissue can exert functional regulation over an innate, complex, hormone-dependent behavior in adult rats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luine, V N -- Renner, K J -- Frankfurt, M -- Azmitia, E C -- HD06368/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD12011/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 21;226(4681):1436-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6209800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Castration ; Catecholamines/analysis ; Denervation ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/analysis ; Hypothalamus/*physiology/surgery ; Raphe Nuclei/*physiology/transplantation ; Rats ; Serotonin/*metabolism ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Time Factors
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  • 81
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    Synthesis of compounds with properties of leukotrienes C4 and D4 in gerbil brains after ischemia and reperfusion (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: 6-Sulfidopeptide-containing leukotriene-like immunoreactivity was synthesized in gerbil forebrains after bilateral common carotid occlusion and reperfusion. At 5, 10, or 15 minutes of ischemia, concentrations increased significantly and became more marked on reperfusion. Immunoreactivity was highest in forebrain gray matter and was below the detection limit of the assay in brain regions remote from the zone of ischemia. In vitro experiments with vascular cells and organ cultures of cerebral arteries indicate that the cerebral blood vessel wall is not a major source of biosynthetic activity in the brain. These experiments demonstrate leukotriene biosynthesis by the brain. Because synthesis occurs during ischemia and reperfusion and because leukotrienes are potent vasoconstrictors and promoters of tissue edema, they may play a role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moskowitz, M A -- Kiwak, K J -- Hekimian, K -- Levine, L -- NS19038/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):886-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Brain Ischemia/*metabolism ; Cerebral Arteries/metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Gerbillinae ; Radioimmunoassay ; SRS-A/*biosynthesis ; Time Factors
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  • 82
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    Insulin-mediated regulation of neuronal maturation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-09-14
    Description: Exposure to insulin increased stimulus-evoked transmission at synapses formed in culture by cholinergic retinal neurons derived from fetal rats. This effect occurred at physiological concentrations and was long lasting. The findings support the hypothesis that insulin may serve as a developmental signal to regulate the emergence of effective neurotransmission across nascent synapses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Puro, D G -- Agardh, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 14;225(4667):1170-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Insulin/pharmacology/*physiology ; Muscles ; Neurons/*growth & development/physiology ; Parasympathetic Nervous System/physiology ; Rats ; Retina ; Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors
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  • 83
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    Neuroleptic-induced decrease in plasma homovanillic acid and antipsychotic activity in schizophrenic patients (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: Plasma-free homovanillic acid, a major metabolite of dopamine, was measured in chronically ill schizophrenic patients both before and during treatment with the antipsychotic phenothiazine, fluphenazine. Neuroleptic treatment was associated with a significant time-dependent decrease in plasma homovanillic acid from pretreatment values, which were significantly elevated when compared with those of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Further, both the absolute concentrations as well as the neuroleptic-induced reductions in plasma homovanillic acid determined over 5 weeks of neuroleptic treatment were statistically significantly correlated with ratings of psychosis and improvement in psychosis, respectively. These findings suggest that the delayed effects of neuroleptic agents on presynaptic dopamine activity may more closely parallel their therapeutic actions than do their immediate effects in blocking postsynaptic dopamine receptors and that a decrease in dopamine "turnover" may be responsible for their antipsychotic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickar, D -- Labarca, R -- Linnoila, M -- Roy, A -- Hommer, D -- Everett, D -- Paul, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):954-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Female ; Fluphenazine/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Homovanillic Acid/*blood ; Humans ; Male ; Phenylacetates/*blood ; Schizophrenia/blood/*drug therapy ; Time Factors
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  • 84
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    Directional specificity in the regeneration of lamprey spinal axons (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: After spinal transection in ammocoetes (lamprey larvae) 4 to 5 years old, functional recovery is accompanied by a limited regeneration in which axons grow as far as 5 millimeters beyond the scar. In axotomized giant interneurons labeled intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase 16 to 120 days after transection, 74 percent of regenerating neurites grew in their normal projection pattern, rostal and contralateral to the cell body. One third of the neurites originated anomalously from posterior dendrites. Despite their initial abnormal orientation, 80 percent of these neurites looped contralaterally and rostrally to assume the normal projection path. The directional specificity persisted when giant interneurons were located in islands formed by double simultaneous cord transection. This limited regeneration seems to be characterized by directional selectivity that cannot be attributed to nonspecific influences, such as a tendency of neurites to grow in an already established direction or a trophic effect of the zone of injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yin, H S -- Mackler, S A -- Selzer, M E -- 5T32-GM07170/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS14837/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):894-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Lampreys ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Spinal Nerves/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 85
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    An activated rasN gene: detected in late but not early passage human PA1 teratocarcinoma cells (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-10
    Description: Early passages of the human teratocarcinoma cell line PA1 are not tumorigenic in nude mice, while late passages are. A transforming gene present in late passages of PA1 cells was isolated as a biologically active molecular clone and is a new isolate of the human rasN locus. Its transforming activity is due to a single G---A (G, guanine; A, adenine) point mutation at the codon for amino acid 12 which changes the codon for glycine so that an aspartic acid residue is expressed. In contrast to late passage PA1 cells (passages 106, 330, and 338), DNA from the PA1 cell line at early passages (passage 36) does not yield rasN foci in DNA transfection assays. Thus, the presence of an activated rasN in PA1 cells correlates with enhanced tumorigenicity of the cell line and, more importantly, may have arisen during cell culture in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tainsky, M A -- Cooper, C S -- Giovanella, B C -- Vande Woude, G F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 10;225(4662):643-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6740333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; *Oncogenes ; Teratoma/*genetics ; Time Factors
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  • 86
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    Estrogen receptor analysis by flow cytometry (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: A fluorescently labeled estradiol, N'-fluoresceino-N'-(17 beta-estradiol hemisuccinamide) thiourea (FE) was used for measuring estrogen receptor content per cell in tumor cells. The cellular content of FE was measured quantitatively by flow cytometry. Binding of FE occurs in the nanomolar concentration range, an indication of the high affinity of the labeled estradiol. Competition of FE for binding sites is observed with estrogens, but not with progestins, androgens, or glucocorticosteroids, indicating the specificity of FE binding. In contrast to other estrogen receptor assays, this new technique requires a small sample size (about 5000 cells) and permits the assessment of heterogeneity in estrogen receptor expression among tumor cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van, N T -- Raber, M -- Barrows, G H -- Barlogie, B -- CA 16672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 28771/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):876-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding, Competitive ; Breast Neoplasms/*analysis ; Cell Line ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; *Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Receptors, Estrogen/*analysis ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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  • 87
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    Rectal insemination modifies immune responses in rabbits (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-04-27
    Description: Weekly deposition of pooled rabbit semen into the rectum in healthy male rabbits resulted in the appearance of immune complexes and antibodies to sperm and to peripheral blood lymphocyte antigens. It also led to a decreased ability to mount a humoral immune response to T lymphocyte-dependent antigens, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and sheep red blood cells. These findings suggest that repeated rectal deposition of semen may compromise some aspects of the immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richards, J M -- Bedford, J M -- Witkin, S S -- CA 35018/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD16587/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 27;224(4647):390-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6608789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/analysis ; *Antibody Formation ; *Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Erythrocytes/immunology ; *G(M1) Ganglioside ; Glycosphingolipids/immunology ; Hemocyanin/immunology ; Immunoglobulins/analysis ; *Insemination ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Male ; Rabbits ; *Rectum ; Semen/*immunology ; Spermatozoa/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Time Factors
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  • 88
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    Memory retrieval: a time-locked process in infancy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-12-23
    Description: Three-month-old infants learned to activate an overhead crib mobile by operant footkicking and received a visual reminder of the event (a "reactivation treatment") 2 weeks later, after forgetting had occurred. Subsequent manifestation of the association was a monotonic increasing function of time since the reactivation treatment, and performance of infants tested 8 hours after the remainder was related to the time spent sleeping in the interim (r = 0.75). These data demonstrate that normal retrieval is time-dependent. Moreover, individual data suggest that retrieval may be continuous rather than discontinuous.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fagen, J W -- Rovee-Collier, C -- MH 32307/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 23;222(4630):1349-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6658456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Infant ; *Memory ; Time Factors
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  • 89
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    Expression of a cellular oncogene during liver regeneration (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-02-04
    Description: The number of transcripts of the cellular oncogene ras, which is homologous to the transforming gene of Harvey sarcoma virus, increases during liver regeneration in rats. The increase in these transcripts in liver polysomal polyadenylated RNA occurs at the time of activation of DNA synthesis during the regenerative process induced by partial hepatectomy or carbon tetrachloride injury. The number of ras transcripts returns to basal levels within 72 hours. These observations show that transcription of a cellular oncogene increases in a regulated way in a nonneoplastic growth process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goyette, M -- Petropoulos, C J -- Shank, P R -- Fausto, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Feb 4;219(4584):510-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6297003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Hepatectomy ; *Liver Regeneration ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Rats ; Sarcoma Viruses, Murine/genetics ; Time Factors ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 90
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    Hand preference across time is related to intelligence in young girls, not boys (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-09-09
    Description: Consistency of hand preference was examined in a longitudinal study of children between 18 and 42 months of age. Results showed a sex-specific relationship between hand consistency and intellectual development. Across a variety of intellectual abilities at all ages, females with consistency of handedness were precocious compared to females without such consistency. This relationship did not hold for males.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gottfried, A W -- Bathurst, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 9;221(4615):1074-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child, Preschool ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Infant ; *Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Sex Factors ; Time Factors
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  • 91
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    Red/Green color opponency at detection threshold (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-01-14
    Description: By means of visual stimnulus without temporal or spatial edges, we have achieved better isolation of chromatic signals at detection threshold than has been reported previously. Under various states of adaptation, the spectral sensitivity of the chromatic mechanism detecting middle- and long-wavelength lights corresponds with that deduced from suprathreshold red/green hue equilibriums.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thornton, J E -- Pugh, E N Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 14;219(4581):191-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Color Perception/*physiology ; Humans ; Spectrum Analysis ; Time Factors
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  • 92
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    Human endothelial cells: use of heparin in cloning and long-term serial cultivation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-11-11
    Description: Endothelial cells from human blood vessels were cultured in vitro, with doubling times of 17 to 21 hours for 42 to 79 population doublings. Cloned human endothelial cell strains were established for the first time and had similar proliferative capacities. This vigorous cell growth was achieved by addition of heparin to culture medium containing reduced concentrations of endothelial cell growth factor. The routine cloning and long-term culture of human endothelial cells will facilitate studying the human endothelium in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thornton, S C -- Mueller, S N -- Levine, E M -- AG-00839/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA-09171/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 11;222(4624):623-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6635659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells/enzymology ; Endothelium/*cytology ; Growth Substances/pharmacology ; Heparin/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Time Factors
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  • 93
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    Recovery of normal topography in the somatosensory cortex of monkeys after nerve crush and regeneration (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: After median nerve fibers to glabrous skin on the hands of monkeys were crushed and allowed to regenerate, normal topographical organization was recovered in the representation of the hand in primary somatosensory cortex. Similar recovery of normal cortical organization may underlie the sensory restoration that usually follows nerve crush injury in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wall, J T -- Felleman, D J -- Kaas, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):771-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aotus trivirgatus/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Hand/innervation ; *Nerve Crush ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 94
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    DNA methylation decreases in aging but not in immortal cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: When normal diploid fibroblasts from mice, hamsters, and humans were grown in culture, the 5-methylcytosine content of their DNA's markedly decreased. The greatest rate of loss of 5-methylcytosine residues was observed in mouse cells, which survived the least number of division. Immortal mouse cell lines had more stable rates of methylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, V L -- Jones, P A -- 1-T32-CA09320/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM30892/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1055-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6844925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine ; *Aging ; Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Cytosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism/*physiology ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Humans ; Mesocricetus ; Methylation ; Mice ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Temporal selectivity in the central auditory system of the leopard frog (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: Amplitude modulation is a predominant temporal feature in many vocal signals. The leopard frog, Rana pipiens, has a class of neurons in the central auditory system that respond selectively to particular rates of amplitude modulation; these neurons can be characterized by a temporal tuning curve. Such selectivity is absent in the peripheral auditory system. This type of transformation may be fundamental in processing temporal information in the vertebrate sensory nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rose, G -- Capranica, R R -- NS-09244/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1087-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6600522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Communication ; Animals ; Auditory Pathways/*physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Rana pipiens/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Effects of tyrosine administration on serum biopterin in normal controls and patients with Parkinson's disease (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-07
    Description: After administration of tyrosine, total concentration of biopterin, the cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase, was increased in the striatum, adrenal glands, and serum of rats, and in the serum of humans. Serum biopterin is lower in patients with Parkinson's disease than in normal controls. After oral administration of tyrosine, the increase in serum biopterin concentration was smaller in patients with Parkinson's disease (less than twofold) than in healthy controls (three-to sevenfold). These results suggest that tyrosine may have a regulatory role in biopterin biosynthesis and that patients with Parkinson's disease may have some abnormality in the regulation of biopterin biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamaguchi, T -- Nagatsu, T -- Sugimoto, T -- Matsuura, S -- Kondo, T -- Iizuka, R -- Narabayashi, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 7;219(4580):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Adrenal Glands/metabolism ; Alanine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Biopterin/*blood ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/*blood ; Pteridines/*blood ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors ; Tyrosine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Ethanol modulation of opiate receptors in cultured neural cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-12-16
    Description: The mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 was used to study the acute and chronic interaction of ethanol with intact neural cells. In the short term, ethanol inhibited opiate receptor binding, but after long-term exposure the cells exhibited an apparent adaptive increase in the number of opiate binding sites; this was reversible when ethanol was withdrawn. High concentrations of ethanol (200 mM) increased opiate binding after 18 to 24 hours, whereas lower concentrations (25 to 50 mM) produced similar changes after 2 weeks. This model system has potential for exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol intoxication, tolerance, and withdrawal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charness, M E -- Gordon, A S -- Diamond, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 16;222(4629):1246-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6316506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enkephalin, Methionine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Glioma ; Hybrid Cells ; Mice ; Neuroblastoma ; Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects/metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Taste flashes: reaction times, intensity, and quality (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-28
    Description: Human simple reaction times and magnitude estimates of taste intensity increased as the duration of 500-millimolar sodium chloride or 2-millimolar saccharin sodium pulses lengthened from 100 to 1000 milliseconds. Responses to "What was the taste?" ranged from 94 to 100 percent "sweet" for saccharin and 68 to 83 percent "salty" for salt across all pulse durations when both substances were randomized with water pulses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelling, S T -- Halpern, B P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 28;219(4583):412-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Saccharin ; Sodium Chloride ; Taste/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen: enhancement by prior injection of antibodies to the idiotype (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: Anti-idiotype reagents that recognize a common idiotype associated with the combining site of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) were used to manipulate the immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen in BALB/c mice. The injection of antibodies to the idiotype before antigenic stimulation resulted in an increase in the number of cells secreting immunoglobulin M antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen. Anti-HBs-secreting cells were also induced by administration of antibodies to the idiotype without subsequent antigen exposure. These findings indicate that the immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen in mice is regulated through an idiotype-anti-idiotype network.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, R C -- Adler-Storthz, K -- Henkel, R D -- Sanchez, Y -- Melnick, J L -- Dreesman, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):853-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6603657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/*biosynthesis ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/*biosynthesis ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/*immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/immunology ; Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis ; Mice ; Spleen/immunology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Vaginal stimulation: an important determinant of maternal bonding in sheep (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-07
    Description: The immediate induction of the full complement of maternal behavior in nonpregnant ewes primed with estrogen and progesterone has been obtained after 5 minutes of vaginal-cervical stimulation. A similar period of such stimulation given to recently parturient ewes, after the development of selective bonding to their own lambs, reversed their rejection behavior of alien lambs and produced a state of plasticity in maternal behavior, such that ewes receiving vaginal stimulation would accept and adopt alien lambs. These findings implicate vaginal-cervical stimulation as playing a role in the onset of maternal behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keverne, E B -- Levy, F -- Poindron, P -- Lindsay, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jan 7;219(4580):81-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6849123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; *Maternal Behavior ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Sheep/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Vagina/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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