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  • 1
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    Functional selection of adaptive auditory space map by GABAA-mediated inhibition (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-13
    Description: The external nucleus of the inferior colliculus in the barn owl contains an auditory map of space that is based on the tuning of neurons for interaural differences in the timing of sound. In juvenile owls, this region of the brain can acquire alternative maps of interaural time difference as a result of abnormal experience. It has been found that, in an external nucleus that is expressing a learned, abnormal map, the circuitry underlying the normal map still exists but is functionally inactivated by inhibition mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. This inactivation results from disproportionately strong inhibition of specific input channels to the network. Thus, experience-driven changes in patterns of inhibition, as well as adjustments in patterns of excitation, can contribute critically to adaptive plasticity in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zheng, W -- Knudsen, E I -- 5 R01 DC00155-18/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- F32 DC00307-01/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 7;284(5416):962-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Fairchild Science Building, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5125, USA. Weimin@barnowl.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10320376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Pathways/*physiology ; Bicuculline/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists ; Inferior Colliculi/*physiology ; Learning ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Photic Stimulation ; Receptors, GABA-A/*physiology ; Sound Localization ; Strigiformes/*physiology ; Superior Colliculi/physiology ; Visual Fields ; Visual Pathways/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Gated visual input to the central auditory system (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-31
    Description: The central auditory system translates sound localization cues into a map of space guided, in part, by visual experience. In barn owls, this process takes place in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICX). However, to date, no trace of visual activity has been observed in this auditory nucleus. Here we show that strong visual responses, which are appropriate to guide auditory plasticity, appear in the ICX when inhibition is blocked in the optic tectum. Thus, visual spatial information is gated into the auditory system by an inhibitory mechanism that operates at a higher level in the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gutfreund, Yoram -- Zheng, Weimin -- Knudsen, Eric I -- DC 00155-2/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 30;297(5586):1556-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. yoram@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12202831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Auditory Perception/drug effects/*physiology ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Brain Mapping ; Inferior Colliculi/physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Space Perception/drug effects/*physiology ; Strigiformes ; Superior Colliculi/physiology ; Visual Pathways/physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Visual instruction of the neural map of auditory space in the developing optic tectum (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-07-05
    Description: Neural maps of visual and auditory space are aligned in the adult optic tectum. In barn owls, this alignment of sensory maps was found to be controlled during ontogeny by visual instruction of the auditory spatial tuning of neurons. Large adaptive changes in auditory spatial tuning were induced by raising owls with displacing prisms mounted in spectacle frames in front of the eyes; neurons became tuned to sound source locations corresponding to their optically displaced, rather than their normal, visual receptive field locations. The results demonstrate that visual experience during development calibrates the tectal auditory space map in a site-specific manner, dictating its topography and alignment with the visual space map.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knudsen, E I -- Brainard, M S -- R01 DC00155-12/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jul 5;253(5015):85-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2063209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds ; *Brain Mapping ; Hearing/*physiology ; Superior Colliculi/*physiology ; Vision, Ocular/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Capacity for plasticity in the adult owl auditory system expanded by juvenile experience (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: In the process of creating a multimodal map of space, auditory-visual neurons in the optic tectum establish associations between particular values of auditory spatial cues and locations in the visual field. In the barn owl, tectal neurons reveal these associations in the match between their tuning for interaural time differences (ITDs) and the locations of their visual receptive fields (VRFs). In young owls ITD-VRF associations can be adjusted by experience over a wide range, but the range of adjustment normally becomes quite restricted in adults. This normal range of adjustment in adults was greatly expanded in owls that had previously learned abnormal ITD-VRF associations as juveniles. Thus, the act of learning abnormal associations early in life leaves an enduring trace in this pathway that enables unusual functional connections to be reestablished, as needed, in adulthood, even when the associations represented by these connections have not been used for an extended period of time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knudsen, E I -- 5 R01 DC0155-18/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 6;279(5356):1531-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 299 Campus Drive, Fairchild Building D259, Stanford, CA 94305-5125 USA. eknudsen@leland.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9488651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Aging ; Animals ; Auditory Pathways/*physiology ; Auditory Perception ; Birds/*physiology ; Cues ; Memory ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; *Sound Localization ; Superior Colliculi/*physiology ; Visual Fields ; Visual Pathways/*physiology ; Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Newly learned auditory responses mediated by NMDA receptors in the owl inferior colliculus (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-26
    Description: Alignment of auditory and visual receptive fields in the optic tectum of the barn owl (Tyto alba) is maintained through experience-dependent modification of auditory responses in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICX), which provides auditory input to the tectum. Newly learned tectal auditory responses, induced by altered visual experience, were found to be pharmacologically distinct from normal responses expressed at the same tectal sites. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists administered systemically or applied locally in the ICX reduced learned responses more than normal responses. This differential blockade was not observed with non-NMDA or broad-spectrum antagonists. Thus, NMDA receptors preferentially mediate the expression of novel neuronal responses induced by experience during development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feldman, D E -- Brainard, M S -- Knudsen, E I -- R01 DC00155-14/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 26;271(5248):525-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5401, USA. feldman@brio.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8560271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology ; 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione/pharmacology ; Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Birds/*physiology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Inferior Colliculi/*physiology ; Ketamine/pharmacology ; Kynurenic Acid/pharmacology ; Learning ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Sound Localization/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Visual Perception/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Center-surround organization of auditory receptive fields in the owl (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-17
    Description: The spinal receptive fields of specialized auditory units in the midbrain of the barn owl (Tyto abla) contain two functionally antagonistic areas: an excitatory center and an inhibitory surround. The response of these units represents the balance of acoustic activation of the two areas, which in turn depends upon the location, intensity, and spectral content of the sound stimulus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knudsen, E I -- Konishi, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 17;202(4369):778-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/715444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Birds/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Mesencephalon/physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; Orientation/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The oilbird: hearing and echolocation (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-04-27
    Description: Oilbirds can navigate in total darkness by echolocation. The sound energy in their sonar cries is unevenly distributed over the range from about 1 to 15 kilohertz, with a dominant frequency range of 1.5 to 2.5 kilohertz. This corresponds to the most sensitive range of their hearing as determined by neurophysiological methods. Behavioral tests in their home cave indicate that the smallest object avoided by this is a disk 20 centimeters in diameter.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konishi, M -- Knudsen, E I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 27;204(4391):425-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/441731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/*physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Early auditory experience aligns the auditory map of space in the optic tectum of the barn owl (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-11-25
    Description: Auditory and visual space are mapped in the optic tectum of the barn owl. Normally, these maps of space are in close mutual alignment. Ear plugs inserted unilaterally in young barn owls disrupted the binaural cues that constitute the basis of the auditory map. Yet when recordings were made from the tecta of these birds as adults, the auditory and visual maps were in register. When the ear plugs were removed from these adult birds and binaural balance was restored, the auditory maps were shifted substantially relative to the visual maps and relative to the physical borders of the tecta. These results demonstrate that the neural connectivity that gives rise to the auditory map of space in the optic tectum can be modified by experience in such a way that spatial alignment between sensory modalities is maintained.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knudsen, E I -- 95 ROI NS 16099-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 25;222(4626):939-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6635667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; *Auditory Perception ; Birds/*physiology ; Cues ; *Sound Localization ; Superior Colliculi/*physiology ; Visual Fields
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    A neural map of auditory space in the owl (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-05-19
    Description: Auditory units that responded to sound only when it originated from a limited area of space were found in the lateral and anterior portions of the midbrain auditory nucleus of the owl (Tyto alba). The areas of space to which these units responded (their receptive fields) were largely independent of the nature and intensity of the sound stimulus. The units were arranged systematically within the midbrain auditory nucleus according to the relative locations of their receptive fields, thus creating a physiological map of auditory space.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knudsen, E I -- Konishi, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 May 19;200(4343):795-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/644324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Birds/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Mesencephalon/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Vision guides the adjustment of auditory localization in young barn owls (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-01
    Description: Barn owls raised with one ear plugged make systematic errors in auditory localization when the earplug is removed. Young owls correct their localization errors within a few weeks. However, such animals did not correct their auditory localization errors when deprived of vision. Moreover, when prisms were mounted in front of their eyes, they adjusted their auditory localization to match the visual error induced by the prisms, as long as the visual and auditory errors were within the same quadrant of directions. The results demonstrate that, during development, the visual system provides the spatial reference for fine-tuning auditory localization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knudsen, E I -- Knudsen, P F -- R01 NS 16099-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 1;230(4725):545-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4048948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Birds/*physiology ; Sound Localization/*physiology ; Spatial Behavior ; Time Factors ; Vision, Ocular/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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