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  • 1
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    The HAMMONIA chemistry climate model: Sensitivity of the mesopause region to the 11-year solar cycle and CO2 doubling, (2007)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-21
    Beschreibung: This paper introduces the three-dimensional Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA), which treats atmospheric dynamics, radiation, and chemistry interactively for the height range from the earth’s surface to the thermosphere (approximately 250 km). It is based on the latest version of the ECHAM atmospheric general circulation model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, which is extended to include important radiative and dynamical processes of the upper atmosphere and is coupled to a chemistry module containing 48 compounds. The model is applied to study the effects of natural and anthropogenic climate forcing on the atmosphere, represented, on the one hand, by the 11-yr solar cycle and, on the other hand, by a doubling of the present-day concentration of carbon dioxide. The numerical experiments are analyzed with the focus on the effects on temperature and chemical composition in the mesopause region. Results include a temperature response to the solar cycle by 2 to 10 K in the mesopause region with the largest values occurring slightly above the summer mesopause. Ozone in the secondary maximum increases by up to 20% for solar maximum conditions. Changes in winds are in general small. In the case of a doubling of carbon dioxide the simulation indicates a cooling of the atmosphere everywhere above the tropopause but by the smallest values around the mesopause. It is shown that the temperature response up to the mesopause is strongly influenced by changes in dynamics. During Northern Hemisphere summer, dynamical processes alone would lead to an almost global warming of up to 3 K in the uppermost mesosphere.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3903-3931
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Sensitivity ; Chemistry ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 2
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    Effect du barrage de Nangbeto sur l'évolution du trait de côte : une analyse previsionnelle sedimentologique (2006)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: En vue d'optimiser le rendement hydro-électrique. un second barrage est en projet. a 100 km en aval du barrage de Nangbeto sur le fleuve Mono au Togo. Celui-ci a été mis en service en 1987 à des fins de production d'énergie électrique et de mise en valeur hydro-agricole de la basse vallée. Les travaux de topographie. de bathymétrie et de sedimentologie relatifs au barrage de Nangbero et a la pre-etude d'impact du second barrage à Adjaraia ont pour objectif la maitrise du transport solide dans la vallée et vers la mer, ainsi que des comportements du trait de cote. Les resultats de terrain montrent que les effets morpho-sédimentaires consécutifs a la mise en service du barrage de Nangbeto ne se sont pas encore repercutes sur la zone cotière. Cette contribution tente de montrer particulièrement I'impact qu'auraient les effets sedimentologiques sur l'évolution du trait de cote entre le Togo et le Benin.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Nangbéto, Mono ; Barrages ; Coastal zone ; Sediments
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 3
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    Remote Sensing for Studying Nearshore Bottom Morphology and Shoreline Changes (2005)
    Maputo : Direcção Nacional de Geologia
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The major objective of the present study is to demonstrate how remote sensing approach can be used for studying nearshore bottom morphology and shoreline changes in coastal Tanzania. Two study sites were used. In the first site, remote sensing satellite Landsat Thematic Mapper data was evaluated against known water depths from conventional echo sounding measurement taken on the eastern side of the channel. The correlation between the remote sensing data and the echo sounding mesurement was rather satisfactory, suggesting that the approach can roughly be used to investigate sea bottom morphology in the nearshore areas. In the second study site, remote sensing satellite data from Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper were used to investigate shoreline changes along the western side of the channel. The results of the study show that the delta and the shoreline north of the delta is currently accreting, where significant accretion has occurred between 1986 and 2000 than before 1986.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Remote sensing ; Sediments ; Coastal erosion ; Shorelines
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 4
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    Shore Morphology and Sediment Characteristics South of Pangani River, Coastal Tanzania (2005)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The shore morphology and nearshore sediments between the Pangani and Kipumbwi rivers were investigated to describe the shore and the reef platform sediments characteristics and also to update information on recent shoreline changes along the Tanzania mainland coast. The information gathered during this study comes from field observations, sediment sampling of the area and interviews with Pangani residents. The investigated area is a patch reef coast with narrow or no beaches and fossil reef terrace islands offshore, Pangani bay and estuary are among the most prominent shore features. Historical information indicates that, both the bay, and the estuary have undergone significant changes during the last 60 years. While the growth of the estuary has mainly been influenced by the reduced fresh water discharges, the bay has been mainly influenced by shore erosion induced by the high wave activity. The distribution of sediments on the sea bottom is mainly controlled by bathymetry, with sand (medium to coarse) dominating water depths less than 10 m and silt dominating depth greater than 15 m. Sediments in water between 10 and 15 m depth are dominated by fine sand/silt. The carbonate production in the investigated area is limited by the high influx of siliciclastic sediments from the Pangani, Kipumbwi and Ushongo Mabaoni depo-centres. While previous studies attribute the disappearance of Maziwi island to sea level rise, the present study considers the anthropogenic influence to be the major causative factor. Sea level is also considered to be one of the potential threats to the preservation of small islands such as the Maziwi, However, the present study believes that if indeed the vegetation on the island has been cleared as is reported, this action has hastened its disappearance.
    Schlagwort(e): Sedimentation ; Coastal sediment ; Sediments ; Reefs ; Shorelines ; Sediment sampling
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Preprint
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  • 5
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    Caractérisation géochimique des sédiments de surface du golfe de Tunis (2006)
    INSTM
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The general current of the Gulf of Tunis are dependent of the general Mediterranean current. This last divides to the level of the Gulf of Tunis in two branches; a first connects by pass west coasts of the gulf while the second branch crosses the centre of the gulf with a NNW - SSE direction. The passage of this second branch of the general current creates a central zone characterised by a sediment relatively sandier than what surrounds it and controls the distribution of the different metallic elements that have for main origin the Oued Mejerda. The metallic elements here analyzed are the Fe, Zn, Ni, Co, Cu and Pb. Their concentrations vary respectively between 0,5. and 1,6%; 279 and 447 ppm; 39 and 67 ppm; 20 and 34 ppm; 9 and 20 and between 56 and 142 ppm. Also sediments of surface of the Gulf of Tunis can be considered as little contaminate by the Fe, Mn, Co and Ni and very contaminated by the Pb. This last presents therefore a supplementary source that is the Lake to Tunis. For surface sediment identification, we were equally interested to the distribution of carbonate and COT percentages: Carbonates have shown high percentages in the Small Gulf of Tunis in accord of vegetation who is very dense in this one (she may play as a traps of carbonate); the COT has on the other hand shown very important percentage at the vicinity of Mejerda mouth following a weak decomposition of the organic matter in this zone. The horizontal distribution of these different metallic elements shows three zones to raised high concentration: near mouthpieces of the Oued Mejerda, near the Zembra island and to the north of the Small Gulf of Tunis. This distribution shows that the main origin of the totality of these metals is weIl the Oued Mejerda and it reflects the influences of the general current of the gulf that allows the presence of the corridor with a low metallic concentration the long of it path.
    Beschreibung: Les apports détritiques dans le Golfe de Tunis ont pour origine les principaux cours d’eau la Mejerda et Meliane. La répartition des sédiments dans le Golfe de Tunis est contrôlée par les courants généraux du Golfe de Tunis tributaires du courant général de la Méditerranée. Ce dernier se scinde au niveau du Golfe de Tunis en deux branches; une première branche contourne les côtes ouest du golfe alors que la deuxième branche traverse le centre du golfe avec une direction NNW-SSE. Le passage de cette branche du courant général du golfe conditionne la présence d'une zone centrale caractérisée par un sédiment relativement plus sableux que ce qui l'entoure et contrôle la répartition des éléments métalliques analysés qui ont pour origine principale l'Oued Mejerda. En plus de l'étude granulométrique, la caractérisation des sédiments de surface du Golfe de Tunis a également intéressé la répartition des carbonates et du carbone organique total (COT). Les carbonates ont montré des pourcentages élevés dans le Petit Golfe de Tunis dus au piégeage des coquilles carbonatées par la végétation qui est très dense dans cette zone. Le COT a par contre fourni des pourcentages importants près de l'embouchure de l'Oued Mejerda, ce qui semble en liaison avec une décomposition faible de la matière organique dans cette zone, et peut être à cause du taux de sédimentation relativement plus fort. Les éléments métalliques analysés (Fe, Zn, Ni, Co, Cu et Pb) montrent que les concentrations varient respectivement entre 0,5 et 1,6%; 45 et 150 ppm; 39 et 67 ppm; 20 et 34 ppm; 9 et 20 ppm et entre 56 et 142 ppm. Aussi, les sédiments de surface du Golfe de Tunis peuvent être considérés comme peu contaminés par le Fe, Mn, Co et Ni mais davantage par le Pb. Ce dernier est alimenté par une source supplémentaire qui semble être le Lac de Tunis. La répartition horizontale de ces éléments métalliques montre trois zones à concentrations élevées situées près des embouchures de l'Oued Mejerda, près de l'île Zembra et au Nord du Petit Golfe de Tunis. Cette répartition montre bien que l'origine principale de l'ensemble de ces métaux est l'Oued Mejerda et met en relief l'influence de courant dominant dans le golfe qui détermine la présence d'un couloir NNW-SSE à faibles concentrations métalliques.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Sédimentologie; Géochimie
    Schlagwort(e): Sediments ; Biogeochemistry
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 6
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    Calidad ambiental de la zona costera del Golfo de Batabanó, Cuba (2008)
    CONyMA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The anthropogenic affectation was evaluated on the coast N of the Gulf of Batabanó in May 2003 (corresponding to the provinces of Matanzas and Havana), in areas located in the line of the coast. The results were compared with the historical information of the sector. In the coast N and the Ensenada of the Broa, the parameters oxygen saturation, DBO5 and DQO showed characteristic high values of eutrofication. The biggest contribution in the Cianoficies was in the near coastal areas to sources of organic contamination. In the case of the nutrients they show specific data of mesothrofic waters with tendency to the eutrofization and the silts presented a high affectation for toxic metals. The area near to Guanímar is distinguished to present conditions of organic contamination that favor heterothrofic conditions, corroborated by a prevalence of the processes of mineralization of the organic matter over primary production and lows values of fitoplankton concentration. On the contrary, in the region of Surgidero of Batabanó, the processes of synthesis of organic matter prevail suggested by a high primary production, and concentration of fitoplankton, with low breathing levels and mineralization of the organic matter, that indicates that the system is behaving autothrofically. In a general way, this sector is very affected by the anthropogenic impact. The information obtained is of great importance for the development of the fishing and tourist industries in the area.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Phytoplankton ; Water quality ; Primary production ; Chemistry ; Environmental monitoring ; Phytoplankton ; Water quality ; Primary production ; Chemistry ; Environmental monitoring
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Proceedings Paper
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  • 7
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    Estudio de las características sedimentológicas, de la desembocadura del Río Chone, frente a la ciudad de Bahía de Caráquez, Ecuador (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: El principal objetivo de este estudio, fue la determinación de los tipos de sedimentos, predominantes en el área de estudios; su distribución aproximada en el mismo; así como su posible proveniencia. También se determinó en que ciclo de marea, se presenta la mayor carga de sedimentos en suspensión.
    Beschreibung: This article presents the results of the sedimentological composition, and of the load of suspended sediments, present in the outlet of the Chone river, in the country of Manabí. They were analyzed a total of 18 samples, of superficial sediments of bottom, and of whose results were determined, a predominance of fine sand, classified poor. The sand could be of marine origin, or it could also come, of the erosion of the cliffs, through the coasts current, due to that those, they are very unstable. As for the suspended sediments, 56 samples of water were analyzed, the same that they gave very low results.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus., grafs., tbls.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Rivers ; Sediments ; Sediments ; Rivers ; Sediment composition
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 8
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    Correlación estratigráfica en base a registros de pozos en el Golfo de Guayaquil (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: El presente trabajo se basa en la interpretación de registros eléctricos y convencionales de pozos ubicados en el Golfo de Guayaquil dentro de una área aproximada de 868.911 hectáreas, entre las coordenadas 2° -4 latitud sur y 80° -81° longitud oeste. Los perfiles fueron corridos por ADA OIL EXPLORATION CO. entre 1969 y 1972, y mediante su interpretación se elaboraron las columnas estratigráficas respectivas y su correlación con el Graben de Jambelí, se logró determinar el tipo de sedimento predominante en la columna de cada pozo (Amistad 1,2,3,4; Tiburón 1; Esperanza 1). Además se ha realizado el cálculo de los parámetros petrofísicos a ciertos niveles de areniscas seleccionados, que pueden presentar algún interés como reservas de fluído (gas, aceite, o agua), tales como: resistividad de la zona no invadida, densidad de la roca, porosidad, factor de formación, resistividad del agua, saturación de agua, temperatura de formación de las rocas, gradiente geotérmico, salinidad del agua de formación.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus., tbls.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Stratigraphic correlation ; Sediments
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 9
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    Caractérisation granulométrique et minéralogique des sédiments de surface de la frange littorale Sidi Bou Said - La Goulette (2006)
    INSTM
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The results of the grain-size and mineralogical analysis of the superficial sediments of the coastal zone situated between Sidi Bou Saïd and “la Goulette” show that the small funds (-2 to -10 m) are decorated by fine sands (the median Q50 is between 116,6µm and 213,5µm). Nevertheless, the beach top situated between Sidi Bou Saïd and the North pass of the Punic harbours of Salammbô is covered essentially by average sands (the median Q50 is between 170,6 µm and 408,9µm). Between the Punic ports and the fishing port of “la Goulette” , the beach top is formed by fine sands. The spatial distribution of the sands shows the existence of a fading classification of the sediments from the coast towards the wide one. This classification is carried out by the transverse currents. The sediment - study shows also a sort of the grains from the North towards the South, from Sidi Bou Saïd towards “la Goulette”. This sort is carried out by the drift coastal currents. Mineralogical analyse of the total sediment shows the predominance of the quartz in comparison with the calcite and the dolomite. The Clay is formed by the Kaolinite, the Smectite and the Illite.
    Beschreibung: بيّنت لنا دراسة حجم الرواسب السطحيّة للمنطقة الساحليّة الممتدّة بين سيدي بوسعيد وحلق الوادي أنّ القاعات البحريّة الصغيرة العمق (من 2 إلى 10 أمتار) مكسوّة برمال دقيقة (متوسّط حجم الرمال بين 116 و213,5 مكرومتر) كما بيّنت لنا أيضا أنّ أعلى الشاطئ مغطّى أساسا برمال متوسطّة (متوسط حجم الرمال بين 170,6 و408,9 مكرومتر) في المنطقة الممتدّة بين سيدي بوسعيد والمدخل الشمالي للمواني البونيقيّة بصلامبو، في حين أنّه يتكوّن من رمال دقيقة بين المواني البونيقيّة وميناء الصيد بحلق الوادي. استنتجنا من خلال توزيع الرمال في المنطقة أنّه يوجد ترتيب تنازلي لحبّات الرمال من الساحل نحو الأعماق. كان هذا الترتيب ناتجا عن تحرّكات التيّارات العموديّة المصاحبة للأمواج. كما أنّنا استنتجنا وجود ترتيب تنازلي للرمال من الشمال في اتّجاه الجنوب، أي من سيدي بوسعيد إلى حلق الوادي، وذلك نتيجة تحرّك التيّارات البحريّة الموازية للسواحل. بيّنت التحاليل المعدنيّة للرواسب وجودا مكثّفا للمرو مقارنة بـ"الكالسيت" و"الدولوميت". أمّا الجزء الطيني، فهو متكوّن من "الكاوولينيت"، "السماكتيت"، و"الإيليت".
    Beschreibung: Les analyses granulométriques des sédiments superficiels de la zone côtière située entre Sidi Bou Saïd et la Goulette montrent que les petits fonds (-2 à -10 m) sont tapissés par des sables fins (la médiane Q50 est entre 116,6µm et 213,5µm). Cependant, le haut de plage situé entre Sidi Bou Saïd et la passe Nord des ports puniques de Salammbô est couvert essentiellement par des sables moyens (la médiane Q50 est entre 170,6 µm et 408,9µm). Entre les ports Puniques et le port de pêche de la Goulette, le haut de plage est formé par des sables fins. La répartition spatiale des sables montre qu’il existe un grano-classement décroissant des sédiments de la côte vers le large. Ce classement est effectué par les courants transversaux. L’étude sédimentologique montre aussi un tri granulométrique du Nord vers le Sud, de Sidi Bou Saïd vers la Goulette. Ce tri est effectué par les courants de dérive littorale. L’analyse minéralogique du sédiment total montre la prédominance du quartz par rapport à la calcite et à la dolomite. La fraction argileuse est formée par la Kaolinite, la Smectite et l’Illite.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Granulométrie ; Grain size ; Sediments ; Coastal zone ; Mineralogy
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 10
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    Distribution and Depositional History of some Pre-lagoonal Holocene Sediments in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia (2009)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: An investigation of the pre-lagoonal Holocene sediments beneath the lagoon Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta (Colombia), was undertaken for the purpose of this region before the formation of the lagoon proper. Core and grab samples were collected from the lagoon for stratigraphic observatiion and analysis in the laboratory. Beneath the recent lagoonal sediments a deposits of peat with intercalated sand and clay was discovered. Its surface lies at a depth of about 2 m below the hydrographic zero level of the lagoon. Three peat samples, obtain from the upper portion of this deposits, were subjected to micropetrographic and pollen analyses. These analyses reveled that, prior to marine inundation, this region in southern Florida (U.S.A.) Sample "f", taken closest to the present sea, represents a red mangrove (Rhizophorae mangle) dominated zone, which to sweep the sediment surface clean to litter. This implies that the Isla de Salamanca, an almost continuous beach barrier between the present-day lagoon and Caribbean Sea, must not have been as prominent a barrier as it is today, but that a larger inlet existed sample "g", represent a mixed mangrove zone which was somewhat less exposed to current scour and which was presumably situated behind and propected by the former zone. The third sample "h", taken the furthest inland, represents ponded condictions within a slightly brackish to fresh water marsh dominated by leatherleaf fern (Acrostichum aureum) and sedges.
    Beschreibung: Los sedimentos holocénicos pre-lagunares situados debajo de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (Colombia), fueron estudiados con el propósito de obtener una mejor idea de las condiciones paleogeográficas y paleoecológicas prevalentes antes de que la laguna misma hiciera su aparición. Catas y muestras fueron sacadas de la laguna para efectuar observaciones estratigráficas y para su ulterior análisis en el laboratório. Debajo de los sedimentos lagunares recientes un depósito de turba (detrito vegetal) fué descubierto el cual aparece intercalado con lechos de arena y arcilla. Su límite superior se encuentra a un 2 m debajo del nivel cero hidrográfico de la laguna. Tres muestras de la turba obtenidas de la parte superior del yacimiento fueron sometidas a análisis de micropetrografía y de polen. Los resultados indican que antes de que el mar invadiese el área, esta era un complejo costero pantanoso semejante a la zona de mangles de los Everglades en la Florida meridional (E.U.A.). La muestra "f", la tomada más cerca del mar actual, indica que el área estaba dominada por mangles rojos (Rhizophorae mangle), bastante expuesta a la acción de olas y mareas con energía suficiente para dejar la superficie limpia de residuos. Esto significa que la Isla de Salamanca, una barra arenosa, casi continua, entre la actual laguna y el Mar Caribe, no debió ser siempre una barrera tan marcada y por tanto, que una entrada mayor habría existido cerca del sitio donde la turba de esta muestra se formó. La muestra siguiente "g", sacada de un lugar más hacia el interior, representa una zona de mangles de varios tipos, menos expuesta a la acción de corrientes y probablemente situada detrás de, y protegida por, la faja descrita anteriormente. La tercera muestra "h", que es aquella extraida más adentro de la tierra, representa la existencia de condiciones encharcadas, dentro de una área pantanosa con aguas dulces o ligeramente saladas, mostrando el predominio de helechos (Acrostichum aureum) y juncos. Esta estructura zonal, relativamente estable, de vegetación que va de mangles marinos en el N hasta pantanos de agua dulce en el S, y que estuvo presente por poco tiempo antes de que la formación de turba cesase, parece indicar que la transgresión que formó la laguna fué tan rápida que las comunidades florales marítimas no tuvieron tiempo de emigrar hacia el interior y cubrir una parte mayor de la superficie del pantano que quedó submergida.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Paleontology
    Schlagwort(e): Estuaries ; Geology ; Waste disposal ; Coastal lagoons ; Coastal lagoons ; Estuaries ; Geology ; Sediments ; Waste disposal
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.139-154
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  • 11
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    Características de la sedimentación marina litoral comprendida entre la Puntilla de Santa Elena y Punta Ancón, Provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: El principal objetivo es el de determinar los tipos de sedimentos que predominan en el área de estudio, así como su distributión aproximada en el mismo.
    Beschreibung: This article presents the research results of the sea surface sediments samples, based upon texture characteristics and statistical parameters. 15 samples of bottom sediments, distributed in five perpendicular profiles to the line of coast, and each one three samples, from the area between Puntilla de Santa Elena and Punta Ancon (Province of Santa Elena, Ecuador) were analyzed. The result indicates a predominance of mixture, positive asymmetric, of sand and mud and, with poor classification, as well there is located fine grain sand in the zone near to the border. The muddy sediments come especially from erosion of Punta Ancon cliffs.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus., tbls.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Sediments ; Sediment distribution
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 12
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    Estudio de los sedimentos del sector donde convergen los ríos Daule y Babahoyo, y las posibles causas que están formando un nuevo islote en ese sector (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Los objetivos de este artículo son: - Caracterizar el área de estudio en base a los tipos de sedimentos que predominan en el sector, a su distribución aproximada en el mismo, así como a su posible proveniencia. - Determinar la carga de sedimentos en suspensión que transportan los ríos. - Determinar las posibles causas que están originando la formación de una nueva isla en la desembocadura del Río Daule.
    Beschreibung: A study of 25 surfaces marine sediments samples of bottom was perfomed in the convergence of the Daule and Babahoyo rivers. It shows the principal characteristics of the sediments based upon granulometric analysis and statistical parameters. It determined that the sand, classified poorly, and positive assymetrical is predominant in the area of outlet of the Daule River, with a porcentage between 79 and 99% of same material. On the other hand, in the area of outler of the Babahoyo River the predominant material is the silt, of median grain, with a percentage between 64 and 87%. Also it observed muddy material, that is to say, a mixture of silt and sand but in small patches. The rivers of the area of study transport high quantity of sediments in suspension. As to sediments of the islet in formation, from the center toward the north, there is a layer of mud of 1 to 2.50 meters, that lies on sand. Between the possible causes that are forming the islet in the outlet of the Daule River are: The high quantity of sediment carried by the rivers, due to the torrential rains that are produced during an event El Niño; as well as the deforestation, mainly in the high and middle part of the basin of the Daule.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Rivers ; Sand ; Sediments ; Granulometry ; Sediment transport ; Silt ; Rivers ; Sand ; Sediment analysis
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 13
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    Clasificación de los sedimentos de la plataforma continental ecuatoriana - Provincia del Guayas en relación al porcentaje de carbonato de calcio (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Los objetivos de este estudio se resumen así: 1. Determinación de la cubierta sedimentaria de la plataforma, su textura y la repartición de las diferentes clases de sedimentos. 2. Establecimiento de los tipos de sedimentación existentes en la plataforma en base a la distribución horizontal de los valores de carbonato de calcio obtenidos. 3. Determinación de la relación entre las características granulométricas y químicas de los sedimentos.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., maps., tbls.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Classification ; Classification ; Sediments ; Calcium carbonates
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 14
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    Estudio sedimentológico de la laguna costera El Soldado, Sonora, México (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: El presente trabajo pretende contribuir a un conocimiento más amplio en la naturaleza del medio sedimentario de un cuerpo de agua del litoral de Sonora, tomando en consideración elementos ambientales básicos como son: fisiografía, geomorfología, materiales, energía, caracteríisticas físicas y químicas de los sedimentos y un análisis sobre organismos bentónicos (bivalvos).
    Beschreibung: The coastal lagoon El Soldado, Sonora, Mexico was studied in order to describe this sediments from the textural, phisical-chemical, chemical and mineralogic point of view and evaluate the possible relationship of this parameters with bentonic organisms (bivalves). The granulometric analysis were made using the technics by Folk (1974). The organic matter and carbonate were determined by loss on ignition method of Dean (1974). The salinity, pH and heavy metals were quantified respectively with the utilization of conductivimeter, potentiometer and atomic absortion spectropgotometer. the organisms were collected and quantified by areal unit for its posterior identification. The sediments distribution shows a definite pattern: more coarse in the area near of the lagoon mouth (Proximal zone), with the variation to silty sand (Intermedial zone) and to more fine textures in the interior of the water body (Distal zone).
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus., tbls.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Coastal lagoons ; Sediments ; Coastal lagoons ; Lagoonal sedimentation ; Sediment chemistry ; Sediment distribution ; Sediment texture
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 15
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    Caracterización de la calidad de las aguas y sedimentos del Río Atacames 2002 (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: La presente investigación se desarrolló como parte de Estudio de calidad de las aguas de los ríos de la Provincia de Esmeraldas durante mayo del 2002, como aporte del INOCAR a la Ilustre Municipalidad del Cantón Atacames, Institución que se encuentra realizando esfuerzos en los planes de operación para cumplir con la concepción del estado ecuatoriano sobre protección ambiental. Se presenta y evalúa los resultados obtenidos tanto en el estudio de calidad de las aguas como de los sedimentos del río Atacames en la Provincia de Esmeraldas, tomando en consideración la distribución y comportamiento superficial de parámetros físico, químicos y microbiológicos en un área que abarca entre 15 kilómetros aguas arriba y su desembocadura en el Océano Pacífico. Durante el estudio se estableció que, las aguas del río Atacames, principalmente las que se encuentran influenciadas por la población presentan graves problemas de contaminación por sus características químicas y microbiológicas (condiciones deficitarias de oxígeno, eutrofización, contaminación por coliformes totales y fecales) ocasionados por las descargas principalmente de desechos de tipo orgánico procedentes de la ciudad. Aunque existe la presencia de hidrocarburos del petróleo disueltos y dispersos en la zona, tales concentraciones están por debajo de los niveles establecidos en la legislación ecuatoriana, pero se considera necesario observar la presencia del contaminante, el mismo que a través del tiempo adquiere características de cronicidad con el peligro que esto reprsenta para la biomasa bentónica y para los organismos que se alimentan de ella, incluido el hombre.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., grafs., tbls.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Water quality ; Microbial contamination ; Organic wastes ; Oxygen ; Sewage ; Water quality ; River water ; Sediments ; Oxygen ; Petroleum hydrocarbons ; Microbial contamination ; Pollution effects ; Organic wastes ; Sewage
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 16
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    Morfología y sedimentación del sistema estuarino Estero Salado - Río Guayas. (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Durante el período 1984-1985 se realizaron estudios geológicos en el sistema estuarino Estero Salado - Río Guayas, los mismos que comprendieron trabajos de geomorfología, geofísica (sísmica) y sedimentología. Los resultados de esas investigaciones, que se presentan en este artículo, llevan a establecer las diferencias existentes entre el Estero Salado y Río Guayas como consecuencia probable del mayor aporte de sedimentos y corrientes de agua recibida por el Río Guayas, y de la carga adicional de sedimentos por la construcción de camaroneras y tala de manglares.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus., tbls.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Estuaries ; Geomorphology ; Sediments ; Estuarine sedimentation ; Estuaries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 17
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    Estudio geoquímico de los sedimentos en el Canal de Jambelí (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Se presenta las características geoquímicas del Canal de Jambelí en base al análisis de 41 muestras de sedimentos del fondo marino, obtenidas durante marzo y junio de 1986 (Fig.1). Se identifica la presencia de dos dominios de sedimentación, el uno de tipo fluvial y el otro marino; así mismo una posible tendencia de avance del sedimento fluvial sobre el sedimento marítimo. Se establece además que la concentración de los constituyentes orgánicos se encuentran dentro de rangos normales y guarda relación con la textura del sedimento.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus., tbls.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Geochemistry ; Geochemistry ; Sediments
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 18
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    Aplicación estadística en los bioensayos de toxicidad con sedimentos extraído del Estero Salado, canal de acceso al Puerto Marítimo de Guayaquil (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: With the purpose of proving and determining in a short term the impact of the dredged material that can be caused by the organisms that inhabit the marine-estuary ecosystem, was performed toxicity bioassay of the sediment extracted from the bottom of the Salado Estuary. This sediment obstructs the access channels of the Marítime Port of Guayaquil. For this bioassay, was used white shrimp larvae of the species Litopenaeus vannamei, a commercially important organism that depends for its food on the organic detritus coming from the sediment and the column of estuary water in the studied area. The results obtained were analyzed applying the graphic arithmetic method and statistical analysis, through which it was determined that there is a direct relation between the concentrations and the organic effects with 95% certainty. The survival average of the organisms were obtained with the results of the performed test, the same which was statistiscally significant for all the analyzed samples. Through the Kurtosis test, it was observed that data had normal distribution. Furthermore, the Cochram test was used and it was determined that there is a homogeneity of the variances. No type of histopathological abnormality was found that could be considered significant. Furthermore, during and after the bioassay, the absence of pathogenic bacteria was observed. In the same way, the analysis for the white statin virus (WSSV) was negative.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., grafs.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Bioassays ; Toxicity ; Statistical analysis ; Bioassays ; Toxicity ; Marine organisms ; Sediments ; Statistical analysis ; Kurtosis ; Dredged samples
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 19
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    Estudio de las características sedimentológicas de la zona litoral comprendida entre Anconcito y General Villamil (Playas), Provincia del Guayas, Ecuador (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Cabe señalar que el presente artículo, ya que ha sido redactado sólo en base a los datos granulométricos, y parámetros estadísticos, sucederá otro, en el que se incluye, el estudio mineralógico y químico de los sedimentos.
    Beschreibung: Based upon textural characteristics and statistical parameters, marine sediments were studies from 61 samples coming from the area between Ancocncito and General Villamil (Playas). Fine to very fine sand, moderatelly well sorted, negative assymmetricals are predominant in that area, with a percentage of 70%. Muddy sediments are located front of Ancocncito. Comparing these analysis with investigations performedon 1975, these are not significant variations related with texture and distribution of sediments.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., grafs., maps., tbls.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Beaches ; Sediments ; Beaches ; Littoral zone
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 20
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    Essai d'interprétation de la dynamique sédimentaire par l'analyse granulométrique et minéralogique au large du golfe de Gabès (2006)
    INSTM
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The results of the grain size and mineralogical analysis of the surface sediments of the Gulf of Gabes, taken with Various depths between the coast Sfax-Zarzis and the isobaths -100 m, allow to identify the origin of these sediments and to specify the factors and the phenomena, which are involved in their transport and their deposit. The mineralogical study resulted in high lighting a clear relation between the recent sedimentary stock of the gulf of Gabès and the bordering geological formations. The sediments study showed that the detritus materials are of continental origin and the sediments coming from the coastal erosion are subjected to a dynamics, which is controlled, primarily by the action of the currents (current coastal and currents tide and by underwater morphology).
    Beschreibung: Les résultats des analyses granulométriques et minéralogiques des sédiments de surface du Golfe de Gabès, prélevés à différentes profondeurs entre la frange côtière Sfax-Zarzis et l’isobathe –100 m, ont permis d’identifier l’origine de ces sédiments et de préciser les facteurs et les phénomènes qui interviennent dans leur transport et leur dépôt. L’étude minéralogique a conduit à mettre en évidence une nette relation entre le stock sédimentaire récent du golfe de Gabès et les formations géologiques bordières. L’étude sédimentologique a montré que les matériaux détritiques d’origine continentale et les sédiments provenant de l’érosion des côtes sont soumis à une dynamique qui est contrôlée essentiellement par l’action des courants (courants littoraux et courants de marée et par la morphologie sous-marine).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: granulométrie; dynamique
    Schlagwort(e): Grain size ; Sediment analysis ; Sediment chemistry ; Sediments ; Mineralogy
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
    Format: 498206 bytes
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  • 21
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    The Occurrence Of Some Distinct Areas In The N. W. Mediterranean Sea Based On The Elemental Properties Of The Sediment (Horizontal And Vertical Distribution) (2005)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: As pan of the EROS-2000 project (European River Ocean Systems),sediment samples were collected in the North Western basin of the Mediterranean Sea in May 1990. In these samples trace and/or majorelements were determined to advance the knowledge about theconcentration, sources and cycles of natural and anthropogenicconstituents in coastal areas. Three fractions were determined: the porewater fraction whichcontains all dissolved elements the leachable fraction which containsall easily available elements and the residual fraction which containsthe strongly bound elements in the sediments. The results show thatthe investigated area can be separated into five "sub-areas" which aredifferent in element concentration, leachable fraction andsedimentary composition. Highest concentrations of trace elementsare found in sediments closest to the Rh6ne delta. In this area severaldiagenetic processes are observable. In summary the Rhone is probably the major source for several(trace-) elements to the Gulf of Lions which is located close to theriver mouth of the Rhone. The influence of the Ebro on (trace-)element concentrations in the sediments close to theriver mouth isprobably minimal.
    Schlagwort(e): Sediments ; Geology
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    Materialart: Other
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  • 22
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    Distribución de metales en sedimentos costeros del golfo de Guacanayabo (2007)
    Ministerio de Educación Superior, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Of great importance to our country economy in the coastal zone running along the Gulf of Guacanayabo because of the different species nurseries having commercial interest. Studies on Al, Pb, Zn, and Cu contents within the surface sediments along 210 km of coastal areas, where 42 stations were located are carried out in the work. Results obtained are used for distribution analysis of elements within the zone and their relationships with the domestic and industrial population groups.
    Beschreibung: Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras (CIP)
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Al, Pb, Zn, Cu
    Schlagwort(e): Heavy metals ; Heavy metals ; Sediments ; Coastal zone
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 23
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    Contenido de Cu, Co, Cr y Pb en sedimentos de tres estuarios de la costa sur de Cuba (2007)
    Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras (CIP), Cuba
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The many fishing activities of the south area of the Counties Sancti Spíritus and Ciego de Ávila they are enough reason to make studies of levels of toxic elements in the silts. The obtained results of the determination of Cu, Co, Cr and Pb in silts of the estuaries and rivers Agabama, Zaza and Jatibonico of the South are discussed and compared. They are also related these elements with the percentage of volatile matter in the silts. These tributary of the south coast, nevertheless to be in the same line of coast of about 200 Km presents remarkable differences as for their relationships with urban populations, industries and agricultural works. The technique employee for determination of the concentrations of the metallic elements was the espectrofotometry of atomic absorption.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: superficial sediments, Cu, Co, Cr, Pb
    Schlagwort(e): Heavy metals ; Marine pollution ; Heavy metals ; Spectrochemical analysis ; Sediments
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 24
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    Distribución y enriquecimiento de metales traza en núcleos de sedimento de tres sistemas costeros del Estado de Sonora, México (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal, conocer el enriquecimiento y distribución de los metales traza y su relación con la materia organic y el tamaño medio de partícula (Mz) en la columna sedimentaria con el fin de determinar su acción e influencia ecológica en el medio ambiente marino.
    Beschreibung: Concentration of Ni, Cu, Pb, Mn y Fe, in sediment nuckeus of three lacunars of Sonora State, Mexico, were valued using methods of Absortion Atomic Spectrophotometry. established the existents relation between the concentration of named metals, organic matter contained and the granulometry with proposite of point the action or ecologic influence in acuatic environmental. The results suggest that resolution to distribution and form of studied metals, could be being transfered at the sediment by means of deposit of the organic material.
    Beschreibung: incluye ref.bibl., grafs., tbls.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Distribution ; Organic matter ; Distribution ; Trace metals ; Sediments ; Inorganic matter ; Organic matter
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    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 25
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    Estudio de las características sedimentológicas del área comprendida entre Ancon y el Canal del Morro (Golfo de Guayaquil) (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Se estudian 146 muestras de sedimentos superficiales de fondo del Golfo de Guayaquil. Se presenta las características de los sedimentos en base al análisis granulométrico, parámetros estadísticos y distribución de los sedimentos; y se comparan estas distribuciones con otras de trabajos anteriores. Se establece que los sedimentos arenosos y sus diferentes combinaciones predominan en el área, ocupando casi un 80% de la misma. Los sedimentos limosos se ubican en el Noroeste, mientras que en el Oeste sólo encontramos una pequeña cantidad de fragmentos de conchas. El análisis comparartivo con investigaciones realizadas en 1975, no presenta variaciones significativas en la textura y distribución de los sedimentos.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus., tbls.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Sediments ; Nearshore sedimentation ; Sediment analysis ; Sediment composition ; Sediment distribution
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 26
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    Estudio de las características sedimentológicas del estero Santa Rosa en la Provincia de El Oro, Ecuador (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: En este artículo se determina los tipos de sedimentos predominantes en el área de estudio, su distribución aproximada en el mismo, así como su posible proveniencia. Determinar la carga de sedimentos en suspensión del estero en una determinada época del año.
    Beschreibung: In this article presents the results of the sedimentological composition, and of the load of suspended sediments, present in the Santa Rosa Marsh, the Province El Oro. A total of 16 samples of superficial sediments of bottom was analyzed, and of whose results a predominance of muddy material, grain means, very poor classified, with positive asymmetries, although also there are sand and mixtures of both, but in minor proportion. Los rivers Guayas and Jubones are those that mainly contribute with suspended sediments. Also 24 water samples were analyzed, and whose loads gave relatively high values, being able to increase still more in winter due to rains.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus., tbls.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Marshes ; Sediments ; Sediment distribution ; Sediment composition ; Sediment transport ; Marshes
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    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 27
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    Sedimentation, transport und erosion an der Nordküste Kolumbiens zwischen Barranquilla und der Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (2009)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: El Río Magdalena desemboca actualmente en el mar Caribe, por el extremo occidental de este territorio y ha formado varios deltas, estos se han originado en tres fases comprendidas en el cuaternario reciente. Los dos más antiguos quedaron destruidos por la erosión y solamente son detectados en la morfología submarina. El delta siguiente en antigüedad, alcanzó su mayor amplitud hace 2.400 años aproximadamente La etapa de destrucción de este delta se inició por aquellos tiempos, y aún continua en actividad. El delta más reciente se está formando al frente de la boca actual del Río Magdalena. Se describen los rasgos topográficos, sedimentológicos y la distribución de la fauna bentónica, en los sectores NE y E de la plataforma submarina de San Andrés. La barrera de Barlovento se destaca por un crecimiento profuso del hidrocoral Millepora. Esto se interpreta como adaptación ecológica a la resaca de olas largas, generada por los vientos alisios a través de toda la extensión del mar Caribe.
    Beschreibung: The coast of Northern Colombia between Barranquilla and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta has been subject to swift morphological alterations in the near geological past. The Magdalena River mouth into the Caribbean Sea is actually in the western end of the region and has formed deltas in three phases during the recent Quaternary. The two older onews were destroyed by erosion and can only be detected by submarine morphology. The second phase is represented by a delta, that reached its widest dimentiions approximately 2400 years ago. The then starting destruction continues untill today and is not yet finished. The recent mouth foresets tthe yopungest delta of the Magdalena River. We describe the topographic features, sedimentological and distribution of benthic fauna in the areas NE and E of the San Andres shelf. The Windward barrier is highlighted by a profuse growth of hydrocorals Millepora. This is interpreted as ecological adaptation to the hangover of long waves, generated by the trade winds through the entire length of the Caribbean.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Paleontology, Geomorfology
    Schlagwort(e): Estuaries ; Geology ; Erosion ; Coastal lagoons ; Coastal erosion ; Coastal lagoons ; Estuaries ; Geology ; Sediments ; Erosion ; Coastal erosion ; Sediment transport
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.155-209
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  • 28
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    Estudio de la materia orgánica en los sedimentos del Río Jubones, en el área comprendida entre el puente la Iberia hasta su desembocadura (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: El principal objetivo de este trabajo es determinar cuantitativamente el contenido de la materia orgánica en base a la concentración de carbono orgánico, nitrógeno orgánico y fósforo total, tratando de sugerir el posible origen del material orgánico sedimentario en el Río Jubones.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus., tbls.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Organic matter ; Organic matter ; Sediments
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 29
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    Evaluación geoquímica en la fase sedimentaria de ecosistemas costeros del Estado de Sonora, México (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Se elaboró este trabajo en los cuerpos lagunares Guásimas, Algodones y Lobos y contribuir, de esta forma, al conocimiento geológico marino de los sistemas costeros del litoral de Sonora.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., map., grafs.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Evaluation ; Geochemistry ; Coastal lagoons ; Evaluation ; Geochemistry ; Sediments ; Coastal lagoons
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    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 30
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    Foraminíferos del rift de Galápagos (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Para este trabajo se analizaron un total de 17 muestras de sedimento para el estudio de los foraminíferos, se identificaron 10 especies de foraminíferos planctónicos y 8 especies de f. bentónicos. Las muestras fueron colectadas durante la expedición científica "GEOMETEP III", simultáneamente por el R/V "SONNE", de la República Federal Alemana y por el BAE "ORION", del Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada del Ecuador, entre el 19 de Enero y el 16 de Febrero de 1983, en el rift de Galápagos, para un estudio de prospección en el área del 85/ 86°W, para iniciar un reconocimiento en la transecta de los 85° 30'W.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., grafs., tbls.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Foraminifera ; Sediments
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  • 31
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    Estudio del meiobentos en el Golfo de Guayaquil, (Río Guayas, Canal Cascajal y Estero Salado), Ecuador, en agosto de 1996 (2008)
    Instituto Oceanográfico de la Armada, Guayaquil, Ecuador
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Con este aporte al conocimiento de la meiofauna del Golfo de Guayaquil, se pretende comenzar a difundir los diferentes grupos de organismos que antes de este trabajo no se conocían que existían en nuestro país, esperando que se incentiven nuevos trabajos de investigación en el campo de la meiofauna, para llegar a saber realmente las especies que tenemos en el ecosistema más "rico y/o productivo" del Ecuador y del Pacífico Sud-este.
    Beschreibung: From the analysis of 16 sediments samples in 16 stations, located in the interior Gulf of Guayaquil, which includes: Guayas river, Cascajal chanel and "El Salado" estuary. 862 organisms are in 11 groups, belonging to 8 filum, were found from which, 6 filum were actually representatives of the meiofauna. The are: Nematoda, Artropoda (crustacea y Acari), Annelida (Polichaeta y Oligochaeta), Rotifera, Kinorryncha and Protozoa (ciliatea and Foraminifera). The filum which are not actually representative of this kinds organisms are: Mollusca and Chaetognatha. The nematoda are the most abundant and frecuent in the Gulf of Guayaquil with 73,2%. The total and relative abundance were observed in the Estero Salado while the low abundance were located in the Guayas river. Filum Kinorryncha and the order Acari that belong to the filum Artropoda are the first mentions for the Gulf of Guayaquil. tables that indicate the total and relative abundance of the differents groups of meiofauna, as well as their relationship with the salinity, temperature, oxygen and pH are presented and discused in this paper.
    Beschreibung: Incluye ref.bibl., ilus., grafs.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Rivers ; Estuaries ; Meiobenthos ; Marshes ; Meiobenthos ; Sediments ; Rivers ; Marshes ; Estuaries
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    Materialart: Journal Contribution
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  • 32
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    Geochemical and environmental studies of recent marine sediments and some hard corals of Wadi El-Gemal area of the Red Sea, Egypt (2006)
    Alexandria: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: This Journal is published by National Institute of Oceanography and Fishereies, Alexandria, Egypt
    Beschreibung: The distribution of (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co and Cd) concentrations were determined in surface marine sediments and coral reefs at Wadi El-Gemal in the Red Sea area. There were significant differences in concentrations of heavy metals in the marine sediments relative to the coral reefs. Some heavy metal concentrations in sediments and coral reefs in the study area are high compared to that in the impact areas of the Egyptian Red Sea coast. The results indicate that the high concentrations of heavy metals in marine sediments and coral reefs are particularly affected by the high contribution of terrigenous materials through the stream of Wadi El-Gemal. Generally, heavy metals concentration in the sediments decreased with increasing distance from the shoreline with the exception of Pb, which increased with increasing distance from the shoreline. On the other hand, Pb concentration in coral reefs is high compared to that in some sediment samples at Wadi El- Gemal area. The grain size, carbonate, organic matter, phosphorus and heavy metals distribution reflect marked changes in lithology, biological activities in the sea and land geology of the study area. Carbonate content mainly of biogenic origin varies from 5.7 –69.5% of the sediments. Organic matter contents of the sediments (1.7 to 6.5%) and phosphorus content (110 to 5097ppm) usually reflect significant terrigenous influences. On the other hand, heavy metals show an increasing tendency in the mud fraction of Wadi El-Gemal area. The present work reflects how much the marine sediments and coral reefs are influenced by natural impacts from this wadi. The collected data will be useful in management and suitable development of the area, beside being helpful as database in the future.
    Beschreibung: NIOF
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Hard corals ; Wadi El-Gemal ; Natural impacts ; Heavy metals ; Environment ; Marine ecology ; Environments ; Marine ecology ; Marine pollution ; Sediments ; Coral reefs
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 33
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    Major controls of some metals distribution in sediments off the Nile Delta, Egypt. (2006)
    Alexandria: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: This journal is published by NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
    Beschreibung: The sediment samples that are collected during R/V CHAIN 1975 cruise to the southeastern Mediterranean have been used to determine the major controls of metals’distribution. The sediment samples were analysed mineralogically, chemically and texturally. The parameters measured included carbonate minerals, total carbonate, organic carbon, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, chromium, lead, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, sand, silt and clay. The statistical analysis of data showed that four major factors control the distribution of metals in sediments of the Nile cone; These are: Factor 1 terrigenous mud-calcareous sand; Factor 2 Aragonite mud-terrigenous sand; Factor 3 Algal sand; and Factor 4 Aragonite. The percentages of terrigenous sand, mud and calcareous components of the Nile cone sediments greatly affect the elements spatial distribution. In addition to that, minor controls such as precipitation and coprecipitation may affect the elemental distribution. The distributions of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, chromium, lead, nickel, cobalt, and vanadium are associated mainly with the terrigenous mud fraction of the sediment whereas, calcium and strontium are mainly related to calcareous sands. Iron, copper, cobalt, lead and vanadium are partially related to montmorillonite. Lead is associated with acid feldspars and chromium is mainly controlled by terrigenous sand. The distribution of calcium and strontium is controlled by the coarsecalcareous fraction of sediments. Magnesium and manganese are associate with algal sand. The aragonite and calcite minerals are forming the majority of carbonate mud, which controls partially the distribution of calcium, strontium, lead and copper.
    Beschreibung: NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Metals ; Factor analysis ; Coastal oceanography ; Sediments
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  • 34
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    Accumulation of trace metals in some benthic invertebrate and fish species revelant to their concentration in water and sediment of lake Qarun, Egypt. (2006)
    National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: This journal is published by the NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
    Beschreibung: Concentrations of major metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and some trace metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr, Cd) were determined in water, sediment, benthos and some common fish species from Lake Qarun. Water and sediment samples were collected from seven stations where, the benthos and fish species were collected from three sites representing east, middle and west of the lake. Distribution of studied metals showed that, east part generally had higher contamination than west one which may be attributed to the impact of pollution sources in this area which coming from El-Batts Drain and pumping station in the east part. Mollusca and Crustacea especially Barnacles have the highest concentrations of most heavy metals measured more than Polychaeta which make them suitable candidates to be used in biomonitoring surveys of Lake Qarun. The concentrations of heavy metals in fish samples indicate that Solea sp.and Mugil sp. seemed to be more contaminated than Tilapia sp. which attributed to their feeding behavior. Bioaccumulation factor values showed that the trend of accumulation of most metals was as follows: Mollusca 〉 Crustacea 〉 Annelida 〉 Solea sp. 〉 Mugil sp. 〉 Tilapia sp.
    Beschreibung: NIOF
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Lake Qarun ; Trace metals ; Benthos ; Fish ; Sediments ; Absorption ; Absorption coefficient ; Accumulation ; Biochemical analysis ; Benthic fish ; Trace metals
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  • 35
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    Assessment of some heavy metals, major cations and organic matter in the recent sediments of Bardawil Lagoon, Egypt (2006)
    Alexandria: National Institute of Oceanographic and Fisheries
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: This journal is published by National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
    Beschreibung: The aim of the present study is to gather detailed information on the distribution and concentration levels of some heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb & Cd), major cations (Ca,Mg, Na & K), in addition to organic matter in the Bardawil lagoon sediments during four successive seasons during (2001-2002). The different metals concentrations could be arranged in descending order as follows: - Ca〉 Na〉 Fe〉 Mg〉 K〉 Mn〉 Cu〉 Zn〉 Pb〉 Cd.
    Beschreibung: NIOF- Alexandria
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Sediments ; Egypt ; Bardawil Lake ; Abiotic factors ; Heavy metals
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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    Some ecological factors affecting coral reef assemblages off Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt (2006)
    Alexandria : National Oceanography and Fisheries
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: This journal is published by NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt
    Beschreibung: Three shallow reef sites were investigated during four seasons Autumn, 2003, Winter, Spring and Summer, 2004) off the Marine Biological Station at Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt. Thirty-eight scleractinian coral species were recorded at the studied sites. Generally, Twenty-six species were affected by more than one factor (such as high temperature, solar radiation, sedimentation and algae), while the last twelve species remained healthy. The affected species (26 species) were divided into the following: five species were affected by combination of high temperature and direct exposure to solar radiation during the neap tide, eleven species only were affected by sedimentation and increasing algal cover and ten species were affected by high temperature, solar radiation, sedimentation and algae all together. Coral bleaching and death in some cases were due to these factors. Galaxea fascicularis, Seriatopora hystrix and Millepora dichotoma were partially bleached but recovered during the high tide time within weeks. Few species such as Acropora granulosa, Montipora venosa, Goniastrea pectinata and Porites solida were completely bleached and could not recover but died. Repeated leaching events in the future may expose corals to an increasingly hostile environment.
    Beschreibung: NIOF
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Algal cover ; Solar radiation ; Sea level ; Sedimentation ; Red Sea ; Sediments ; Coral reefs ; Ecology
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 37
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    distribution of phosphorus fractions and some of heavy metals in surface sediments of burullus lagoon and adjacent mediterranean sea (2007)
    National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Twelve samples were collected from the surface sediments of lagoon and adjacent Mediterranean Sea. Samples were analyzed for grain size, total organic carbon (TOC), total carbonate (CaCO3), various forms of phosphorus and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd and Pb). The results indicated that the sediments were composed of sand, silt and clay enriched with carbonate (1.95 – 34.1%) and total organic carbon (0.06 and 3.62%). The total-P content ranged between 58 and 1186 μg/g, and the fraction associated with apatite minerals (PHCl) was the dominant (it constitutes about 50 – 73% of TP) implying that it was the main storage of phosphate. The various P phases demonstrated significant positive correlation with mean size, silt, clay, TOC, CaCO3 and TP, while only Pex was correlated with the metals. As well as, the obtained data indicated that the variations of the measured metals in sediments are varied depending on the locations, whereas the high levels were observed in the western area of the lagoon. The studied gave positively correlated with each other and organic carbon suggested that the distributions of these metals are associated with the organic matter accumulation.
    Beschreibung: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt
    Beschreibung: The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research is abstracted in both of Zoological Record and Chemical Abstract since Volume 31(1), 2005. The Chief Editor: Prof. Fatma Aly Abd El-Razek E-mail: fatma_abdelrazek@hotmail.com
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Burullus Lagoon, phosphorus forms
    Schlagwort(e): Field Study ; Heavy metals ; Sediments ; Heavy metals ; Lagoons
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 38
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    The anthropogenic effluents of the human activities on the red sea coast at hurghada harbour (case study) (2007)
    National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: The heavy metal accumulations in the seawater, coral reefs and two effective fractions of underlying sediments (〈0.125mm and 〈 0.063mm) were studied in the coastal and tidal flat zones at the main shipyard near of Hurghada Harbour. The area of investigation is very worse whereas, it is considered tailing outlet for both solid and liquid influents of many human activities in/and surrounding the harbour. The solid phases are of construction remains, paint remains, iron pipe rusts, hydrocarbons, plastic bags, metal and wood remains as well as the artificially conglomerate stones that thrown in the in the marine area. The liquid phase is restricted in the continuous brine water draining to the sea from a huge desalination plant (Capacity 5000 cubic meters of freshwater daily) and the bilge water of the boats cooling engines in the mooring zone inside the shipyard marine area. The recorded metals show significant declination seaward in both seawater and sediments. The highest values of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cd in the seawater were recorded at the outlet point of the desalination plant pipeline while the highest values in the sediments were recorded at the beach zone whereas the dumped materials were concentrated. The finest fraction sediments (〈0.63mm) recorded high concentrations of the toxic metals; Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cd than the coarsest one. Pb in sediments recorded high reading in the boat mooring zone in the two sediment fractions relative to the beach zone and inside the sea. The recorded coral reefs are new generations (recruits) mostly of the massive forms. These corals were growing over; conglomerate stones, rusted iron plates, plastic remains and car tires dumped to the zone. The metal concentrations in these corals are high relative to their age and the recorded metals in world. This study indicated that some coastal activities as; the shipyards and desalination plants are environmentally antagonistic and must be monitored continuously in order to decrease their effluents to the tidal flat zones. Also, it is obvious that the new coral generations are able to accommodate with the inconvenient conditions.
    Beschreibung: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt
    Beschreibung: The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research is abstracted in both of Zoological Record and Chemical Abstract since Volume 31(1), 2005. The Chief Editor: Prof. Fatma Aly Abd El-Razek E-mail: fatma_abdelrazek@hotmail.com
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Hurghada, human activities
    Schlagwort(e): Environmental Study ; Coral reefs ; Heavy metals ; Sea water ; Sediments ; Sea water ; Coral reefs ; Heavy metals
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  • 39
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    Ecological and fisheries development of Lake Manzalah (Egypt): hydrography and chemistry of Lake Manzalah (2006)
    Alexandria: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: This journal is published by the NIOF, Egypt
    Beschreibung: Lake Manzalah; the largest delta Lake in Egypt represents a dynamic system that has been undergoing continuous and pronounced changes since long times. In the last year’s this Lake faced drastic problems that retarded its environmental and fisheries development; the most serious one is the discharge of waste water. It is attempted in the present study to investigate the chemical characters of Lake Manzalah water during 2001-2002. Water temperature ranged from an average of 12.35oC in January and 29.14oC in July. Dissolved Oxygen, pH and total dissolved solids were found in ranges optimum for the living of marine and freshwater fish species. The average concentrations of nutrients lied in the following ranges: 1.24 to 4.89 μmol PO4 -3 l-1 , 5.08 to 28.73 μmol SiO4 -2 l-1 and 1.81 to 17.7 μ_mol NO3-1 l-1 The concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds were found to be relatively higher at the southern regions of the Lake near to the outlets of the drains.
    Beschreibung: NIOF
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrography ; Water ; Chemistry ; Chemical composition ; Water content ; Environment ; Chemical composition ; Environments ; Water content ; Fisheries
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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    Cross-shelf biogeochemical characteristics of sediments in the central Benguela and their relationship to overlying water column hypoxia (2008)
    Nisc
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: Data from two cross-shelf sediment sampling cruises were used to explain reasons for the sediment biogeochemical variability in respect of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, and how the cycling of these elements governs the biogeochemistry of the overlying water through their control of the redox conditions. The spatial extent of this benthic–pelagic flux link is limited to the innershelf mud belt system on the Namibian shelf. The inshore mud belt is the primary deposition area of the carbon and nitrogen new production export flux. The offshore organic-rich zones are thought to be relict particulate organic matter originating from the inshore mud belt rather than from an overlying pelagic source. These data were used to set up a multi-layer sediment model that was used through sensitivity analyses to elucidate the input characteristics that result in the most significant feedbacks on hypoxia in the overlying water. The analyses showed that, although the new production flux is a requirement to drive an oxygen demand in the sediments, the onset and persistence of anoxia may depend critically on a low-oxygen boundary condition threshold. This is thought to be a key differentiating factor between systems that, despite comparable carbon export fluxes, are characterised by a persistent hypoxia/anoxia signal and those that are characterised by episodic hypoxia events. It was concluded that sediment oxygen demand and methane and ‘sulphide’ emissions from the central Benguela sediments are responses to external hypoxia boundary conditions rather than the local drivers of oxygen variability.
    Beschreibung: Department for Environmental Affairs and Tourism
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Namibia
    Schlagwort(e): Carbon ; Anoxia ; Hypoxia ; Anoxia ; Carbon ; Hypoxia ; Modelling ; Sediments
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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    An assessment of seagrass survival and functioning in response to manipulations in sediment redox at Nyali Lagoon, Kenya (2006)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-19
    Beschreibung: WIOMSA/MARG-I/2004/01.
    Beschreibung: Thalassodendron ciliatum was studied during two monsoon cycles of the year 2001/2002 to determine the interactive effects of experimentally elevated redox potentials on in situ plant structure and shoot-root (S/R) biomass allocation patterns. Thalassodendron plants from shallow back-reef tidal pools were substrate manipulated under ambient field conditions for 90 days on each monsoon cycle. Plant sampling was done from quadrats impacted with organic substrates at three different concentrations (proxies to induce differential redox potentials). Our data show clear differences (at ANOVA, p 〈 0.05) in Eh and plant traits from 2 treatment effects and from monsoon seasonality effects. Thalassodendron had relatively higher canopy cover, shoot density, shoot blade density, and absolute shoot and root biomass at control sites than at two substrate-impacted sites. Between the monsoons, the same plant traits were higher during the North-East Monsoons (NEM) than they were during the South- East Monsoons (SEM). Thalassodendron beds experienced negative carbon balances within 3 weeks of impaction and were dead by 2 months, which coincided with periods when daytime redox potential values consistently lower than –70mV. S/R ratios were relatively higher at high substrate impacted sites and during the South-East Monsoons (SEM), both conditions also coinciding with higher reducing conditions. Final S/R ratios were 0.32 and 0.34 during NEM and SEM periods respectively at control sites, and 0.33, 0.42, and 0.55, and 0.34, 0.38 and 0.60 at zero, mid and high substrate impacted sited during NEM and SEM depth respectively. About 60% and 95% of root biomass were distributed in the top 10-cm and top 20-cm of soil respectively. Our findings support our hypothesis that reduced redox concentrations would increase plant stress and, consequently, decrease investments in growth capacity.
    Beschreibung: WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN MARINE SCIENCE ASSOCIATION (WIOMSA)
    Beschreibung: Published
    Schlagwort(e): Production ; Monsoon Cycle ; Organic substrates ; Redox conditions ; Sediment rhizosphere ; Shoot-Root (S/R) Ratio ; Thalassodendron ciliutum ; Biomass ; Biomass ; Sediments ; Seagrass
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: Report , Non-Refereed
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    High-frequency bistatic scattering by sub-bottom gas bubbles (2008)
    Acoustical Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Acoustical Society of America, 1997. This article is posted here by permission of Acoustical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102 (1997): 806-814, doi:10.1121/1.419906.
    Beschreibung: A previous study of high-frequency acoustic backscattering data collected at Eckernfoerde Bay, Germany revealed that scattering is mainly due to methane gas bubbles buried about a meter beneath the seafloor [Tang et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96, 2930–2936 (1994)]. A backscattering model was developed [Tang, Geo-Marine Lett. 16, 161–169 (1996)] where the gas bubbles were approximated by oblate spheroids. In this paper, a bistatic scattering model is proposed as an extension of the previously developed backscattering model. In this model, gas bubbles are again assumed to be oblate spheroids with varying aspect ratios and a single-scattering approximation is used. The model is compared to bistatic data acquired in Eckernfoerde Bay, Germany. In particular, the azimuthal dependence of the bistatic scattering strength predicted by the model is tested against experimental data and it is found that both the model and the bistatic scattering strength data exhibit a mild azimuthal dependence. Best agreement between model and data requires a 35% reduction in areal bubble density relative to that used in the backscattering model/data comparison. Possible reasons for this are discussed including multiple scattering effects.
    Beschreibung: This work is supported by the Coastal Benthic Boundary Layer Special Research Program, Office of Navel Research Grant No. N00014-95-1-G904.
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanographic regions ; Acoustic wave scattering ; Backscatter ; Bubbles ; Sediments ; Underwater sound
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Relationships between carbon isotopic composition and mode of binding of natural organic matter in selected marine sediments (2008)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Organic Geochemistry 38 (2007):1824-1837, doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.07.008.
    Beschreibung: We have investigated the relationships between radiocarbon (14C) and stable carbon (13C) isotopic composition and the different modes of binding of organic matter (OM) present in surficial sediments from near-shore and continental margin sites that vary in terms of input and depositional conditions. To improve our understanding of the entire OM pool, isotopic analysis of sedimentary sub-fractions, as opposed to individual compounds, was performed. This was achieved by sequentially treating sediments by solvent extraction to examine unbound compounds, followed by saponification to cleave ester linked moieties. Isotopic analysis was then performed on the bulk sediment and resulting residues. The molecular composition of the extracts was examined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the relative contributions of terrestrial and marine biomarkers were assessed. Radiocarbon abundances (Δ14C) of the bulk sediment reflect a mixture of modern, pre-aged and fossil carbon. Offsets in Δ14C between the bulk sediment and sediment residues demonstrate varying associations of these carbon pools. For the majority of sites, a negative offset between extracted (EX2 RES) and saponified (SA-RES) sediment 1 residues results from the removal of relatively 4C-rich material during saponification. Saponification extracts (SAEs) are mainly composed of short chain (n-C12 to n-C24) alkanoic acids with an even/odd dominance indicating a predominantly marine algal or microbial source. This provides evidence for the protection of labile marine carbon by chemical binding. This study aims to bridge the gap between molecular level and bulk OM analyses in marine sediments.
    Beschreibung: The work was supported by funds from the National Science Foundation (CHE-0089172; OCE-0526268).
    Schlagwort(e): Radiocarbon ; Stable carbon ; Marine ; Sediments ; Biomarker
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  • 44
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    Estimated annual economic impacts from harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the United States (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Blooms of toxic or harmful microalgae, commonly called "red tides," represent a significant and expanding threat to human health and fisheries resources throughout the United States and the world. Ecological, aesthetic, and public health impacts include: mass mortalities of wild and farmed fish and shellfish, human intoxication and death from the consumption of contaminated shellfish or fish, alterations of marine food webs through adverse effects on larvae and other life history stages of commercial fish species, the noxious smell and appearance of algae accumulated in nearshore waters or deposited on beaches, and mass mortalities of marine mammals, seabirds, and other animals. In this report, we provide an estimate of the economic impacts of HABs in the United States from events where such impacts were measurable with a fair degree of confidence during the interval 1987-92. The total economic impact averaged $49 million per year, with public health impacts representing the largest component (45 percent). Commercial fisheries impacts were the next largest (37 percent of the total), while recreation/tourism accounted for 13 percent, and monitoring/management impacts 4 percent. These estimates are highly conservative, as many economic costs or impacts from HABs could not be estimated.
    Beschreibung: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grants No. NA46RG0470 and NA90AA-D-SG480, the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE-9321244, and the Johnson Endowment of the Marine Policy Center.
    Schlagwort(e): Harmful algal blooms ; HABs ; Red tides ; Economic impacts ; Brown tides ; United States
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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  • 45
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    Geomicrobiology of the ocean crust : the phylogenetic diversity, abundance, and distribution of microbial communities inhabiting basalt and implications for rock alteration processes (2007)
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution June 2007
    Beschreibung: Basaltic ocean crust has the potential to host one of the largest endolithic communities on Earth. This portion of the biosphere, however, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we utilize molecular biological, microscopic, and geochemical tools to gain a better understanding of the geomicrobiology of the ocean crust. Specifically, we examine the phylogenetic diversity of microorganisms inhabiting basaltic lavas, the activities and abundances of these microorganisms, the spatial extent of the biosphere, and the potential effect that microbial activity has on the geochemistry of the ocean crust and overlying water column. Our study demonstrates that young, fresh volcanic lavas near mid-ocean ridges host an incredibly diverse and dense population of microorganisms dominated by Bacteria, quite distinct from the microbial communities found in surrounding deep seawater and hydrothermal vents. Furthermore, these communities may contribute to the elemental cycling of Fe, S, Mn, N, and C in this environment. The inability to definitively identify microorganisms in drill-cores of old (〉 15 Ma) ocean crust, however, implies that these once prolific communities may become scarce as the crust ages and moves further away from the ridge axis. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that these communities are fueled by oxidative alteration reactions occurring in the basaltic crust.
    Beschreibung: Funding for this project came from: RIDGE 2000 Grant #OCE-0241791 awarded to Katrina J. Edwards and Wolfgang Bach, the NASA Astrobiology Institute - Cycle 3 CAN-02-OSS-02 awarded to Katrina J. Edwards, USSSP ODP Post-cruise funding Grant #TX A&M F001724 awarded to Cara M. Santelli and Katrina J. Edwards, and a Schlanger Ocean Drilling Fellowship awarded to Cara M. Santelli.
    Schlagwort(e): Sediments ; Biogeochemical cycles ; Microbiology ; Atlantis (Ship : 1996-) Cruise AT11-7 ; Atlantis (Ship : 1996-) Cruise AT11-20
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Thesis
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  • 46
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    Acoustic environment of the Hatteras and Nares Abyssal Plains, western North Atlantic Ocean, determined from velocities and physical properties of sediment cores (2008)
    Acoustical Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Acoustical Society of America, 1980. This article is posted here by permission of Acoustical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 68 (1980): 1376-1390, doi:10.1121/1.385105.
    Beschreibung: Seventeen piston cores up to 13 m long were recovered from representative acoustic and lithologic environments of the Hatteras and Nares Abyssal Plains in the western North Atlantic. Compressional-wave velocities (corrected to in situ conditions) and bulk physical properties measured on the cores are used to characterize the acoustic framework of these areas. For correlation with conventional seismic data, whole-core averages of properties are a better index to the acoustic nature of abyssal plain sediments than properties of the upper few centimeters of the seafloor because (1) strong changes in lithofacies (and acoustic properties) occur over depth scales of tens of centimeters to meters in the sediment column, and (2) conventional seismic frequencies of 3.5 kHz or less sample these variations to subbottom depths of tens of meters and more. Whole-core properties are a function of the thickness and distribution of high-velocity silt and sand layers in the core; they vary in a complex fashion with proximity to the source of turbidity currents, distance from axial paths of turbidity-current flows, local and regional basin geometry, and seafloor slope. Thus strongly reflective seabed regions with numerous high-velocity layers are not restricted simply to near-source areas nor are weakly reflective seabed regions (clay sediments only) limited to ''distal'' areas. Whole-core properties show a good qualitative correlation to variations in 3.5-kHz reflection profiles, and 3.5-kHz echo character therefore provides a useful means of mapping general acoustic properties over large regions of abyssal plains.
    Beschreibung: Data collection and much of the analysis were supported by ONR Contract N00014-75-C-0210 to Lamont- Doherty Geological Observatory (Columbia University) during my residence there. At Woods Hole, support by ONR Contract N00014-79-C-0071, NR083-004 is gratefully acknowledged.
    Schlagwort(e): Sediments ; Sound waves ; Velocity ; Physical properties ; Atlantic Ocean
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  • 47
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    Morphology of late Quaternary submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic continental margin (2009)
    Elsevier B.V.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Marine Geology 264 (2009): 4-15, doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2009.01.009.
    Beschreibung: The nearly complete coverage of the U.S. Atlantic continental slope and rise by multibeam bathymetry and backscatter imagery provides an opportunity to reevaluate the distribution of submarine landslides along the margin and reassess the controls on their formation. Landslides can be divided into two categories based on their source areas: those sourced in submarine canyons and those sourced on the open continental slope and rise. Landslide distribution is in part controlled by the Quaternary history of the margin. They cover 33% of the continental slope and rise of the glacially influenced New England margin, 16% of the sea floor offshore of the fluvially dominated Middle Atlantic margin, and 13% of the sea floor south of Cape Hatteras. The headwall scarps of open-slope sourced landslides occur mostly on the lower slope and upper rise while they occur mostly on the upper slope in the canyon-sourced ones. The deposits from both landslide categories are generally thin (mostly 20–40 m thick) and comprised primarily of Quaternary material, but the volumes of the open-slope sourced landslide deposits can be larger (1–392 km3) than the canyon-sourced ones (1–10 km3). The largest failures are located seaward of shelf-edge deltas along the southern New England margin and near salt domes that breach the sea floor south of Cape Hatteras. The spatial distribution of landslides indicates that earthquakes associated with rebound of the glaciated part of the margin or earthquakes associated with salt domes were probably the primary triggering mechanism although other processes may have pre-conditioned sediments for failure. The largest failures and those that have the potential to generate the largest tsunamis are the open-slope sourced landslides.
    Beschreibung: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the U.S. Geological Survey are acknowledged for their support of this research.Work was funded by US Nuclear Regulatory Commission grant N6480 Physical study of tsunami sources.
    Schlagwort(e): Landslides ; Continental margin ; Atlantic Ocean ; Sediments ; Slope processes
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  • 48
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    Mine burial experiments at the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory (2007)
    IEEE
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © IEEE, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of IEEE for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 32 (2007): 150-166, doi:10.1109/JOE.2007.890956.
    Beschreibung: Several experiments to measure postimpact burial of seafloor mines by scour and fill have been conducted near the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO, Edgartown, MA). The sedimentary environment at MVCO consists of a series of rippled scour depressions (RSDs), which are large scale bedforms with alternating areas of coarse and fine sand. This allows simultaneous mine burial experiments in both coarse and fine sand under almost identical hydrodynamic forcing conditions. Two preliminary sets of mine scour burial experiments were conducted during winters 2001?2002 in fine sand and 2002?2003 in coarse sand with a single optically instrumented mine in the field of view of a rotary sidescan sonar. From October 2003 to April of 2004, ten instrumented mines were deployed along with several sonar systems to image mine behavior and to characterize bedform and oceanographic processes. In fine sand, the sonar imagery of the mines revealed that large scour pits form around the mines during energetic wave events. Mines fell into their own scour pits, aligned with the dominant wave crests and became level with the ambient seafloor after several energetic wave events. In quiescent periods, after the energetic wave events, the scour pits episodically infilled with mud. After several scour and infilling events, the scour pits were completely filled and a layer of fine sand covered both the mines and the scour pits, leaving no visible evidence of the mines. In the coarse sand, mines were observed to bury until the exposed height above the ripple crests was approximately the same as the large wave orbital ripple height (wavelengths of 50?125 cm and heights of 10?20 cm). A hypothesis for the physical mechanism responsible for this partial burial in the presence of large bedforms is that the mines bury until they present roughly the same hydrodynamic roughness as the orbital-scale bedforms present in coarse sand.
    Beschreibung: This work was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grants N00014-01-10564 and N0004-01-1-0847, by the Department of Defense Presidential Early Career Award, and by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Core funding under Program 061115N.
    Schlagwort(e): Acoustic imaging ; Mine burial ; Scour ; Sediments
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 49
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    Developing a national marine electronics agenda : proceedings of the Marine Instrumentation Panel meeting, September 12-14, 1989 (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Thirteen short papers address aspects of competitiveness in the marine electronics instrumentation industry. Topics include activity and status of government initiatives in Japan and Europe to promote this industry; and the possible role of federal-state collaboration in the U.S. Papers address technology transfer between research institutions and the commercial sector; the role of "strategic alliances" in this process; and the "dual-use" concept in effective technology development and commercialization. Other papers address electronic technology applications in speific marine areas, such as the use and implications of the COMSAT mobile satellite communication infrastructure; electronic charts and safety of tanker operations; and instrumentation applications in aquaculture and environmental monitoring.
    Beschreibung: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through a grant to the Massachusetts Centers of Excellence Corporation, grant No. NA87-AA-D-M00037.
    Schlagwort(e): Marine electronics ; Marine instruments ; Competitiveness ; Commercialization ; Marine economics ; State economic initiatives ; Technology transfer ; R&D ; Japan ; Europe ; United States ; Massachusetts ; Hawaii ; Aquaculture ; Tanker safety
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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  • 50
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    Reactive halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-19
    Beschreibung: Bromine monoxide (BrO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) abundances as a function of the distance from the source were measured by ground-based scattered-light Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) in the volcanic plumes of Mt. Etna on Sicily, Italy in August-October 2004 and May 2005 and Villarica in Chile in November 2004. BrO and SO2 spatial distributions in a cross section of Mt. Etna’s plume were also determined by Imaging DOAS. We observed an increase in the BrO/SO2 ratio in the plume from below the detection limit near the vent to about 4.5 x 10-4 at 19 km (Mt. Etna) and to about 1.3 x 10-4 at 3 km (Villarica) distance, respectively. Additional attempts were undertaken to evaluate the compositions of individual vents on Mt. Etna. Furthermore, we detected the halogen species ClO and OClO. This is the first time that OClO could be detected in a volcanic plume. Using calculated thermodynamic equilibrium compositions as input data for a one–dimensional photochemical model, we could reproduce the observed BrO and SO2 vertical columns in the plume and their ratio as function of distance from the volcano as well as vertical BrO and SO2 profiles across the plume with current knowledge of multiphase halogen chemistry, but only when we assumed the existence of an ”effective source region”, where volcanic volatiles and ambient air are mixed at about 600°C (in the proportions of 60% and 40%, respectively)
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: D06311
    Beschreibung: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Volcanic Plumes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Geoacoustic inversion by mode amplitude perturbation (2008)
    Acoustical Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Acoustical Society of America, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of Acoustical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123 (2008): 667-678, doi:10.1121/1.2821975.
    Beschreibung: This paper introduces a perturbative inversion algorithm for determining sea floor acoustic properties, which uses modal amplitudes as input data. Perturbative inverse methods have been used in the past to estimate bottom acoustic properties in sediments, but up to this point these methods have used only the modal eigenvalues as input data. As with previous perturbative inversion methods, the one developed in this paper solves the nonlinear inverse problem using a series of approximate, linear steps. Examples of the method applied to synthetic and experimental data are provided to demonstrate the method's feasibility. Finally, it is shown that modal eigenvalue and amplitude perturbation can be combined into a single inversion algorithm that uses all of the potentially available modal data.
    Beschreibung: Funding for the research presented here was provided by the Office of Naval Research, and the WHOI Academic Programs Office.
    Schlagwort(e): Geophysical techniques ; Inverse problems ; Sediments ; Seismology
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  • 52
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    Data file : continental margin program : Atlantic coast of the United States: vol. 1: sample collection data; supplement 1 (2008)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Originally issued as Reference No. 67-21
    Beschreibung: This supplement to Volume I of the Data File, Continental Margin, Atlantic Coast of the United States (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Ref. No. 66-8) consists of three parts: 1. Errata for Volume I, 2. New station and sample data added to the file, and 3. Miscellaneous tables of information pertaining to the file. The user is referred to Volume I for explanation of the headings and abbreviations used and for a discussion of the structure of the file.
    Beschreibung: Submitted to the U.S. Geological Survey under Contract No. 14-08-0001-8358.
    Schlagwort(e): Continental margins ; Oceanography ; United States
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
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    New perspectives on radium behavior within a subterranean estuary (2008)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Chemistry 109 (2008): 250-267, doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2007.12.002.
    Beschreibung: Over the past decade, radium isotopes have been frequently applied as tracers of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). The unique radium signature of SGD is acquired within the subterranean estuary, a mixing zone between fresh groundwater and seawater in coastal aquifers, yet little is known about what controls Ra cycling in this system. The focus of this study was to examine controls on sediment and groundwater radium activities within permeable aquifer sands (Waquoit Bay, MA, USA) through a combination of field and laboratory studies. In the field, a series of sediment cores and corresponding groundwater profiles were collected for analysis of the four radium isotopes, as well as dissolved and sediment associated manganese, iron, and barium. We found that in addition to greater desorption at increasing salinity, radium was also closely tied to manganese and iron redox cycling within these sediments. A series of laboratory adsorption/desorption experiments helped elucidate the importance of 1) contact time between sediment and water, 2) salinity of water in contact with sediment, 3) redox conditions of water in contact with sediment, and 4) the chemical characteristics of sediment on radium adsorption/desorption. We found that these reactions are rapid (on the order of hours), desorption increases with increasing salinity and decreasing pH, and the presence of Fe and Mn (hydr)oxides on the sediment inhibit the release of radium. These sediments have a large capacity to sorb radium from fresh water. Combined with these experimental results, we present evidence from time series groundwater sampling that within this subterranean estuary there are cyclic periods of Ra accumulation and release controlled by changing salinity and redox conditions.
    Beschreibung: This work is a result of research sponsored by NSF (OCE- 0425061 to M.A.C.), the WHOI-NOC Student Exchange program (to P.J.M), and the WHOI Postdoctoral Scholar program (to H.D.).
    Schlagwort(e): Radium ; Sediments ; Desorption ; Adsorption ; Barium ; Submarine groundwater ; Subterranean estuary ; Redox reactions ; Ion exchange ; Distribution coefficient
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 54
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    A comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from a human cancer genome (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-12-18
    Beschreibung: All cancers carry somatic mutations. A subset of these somatic alterations, termed driver mutations, confer selective growth advantage and are implicated in cancer development, whereas the remainder are passengers. Here we have sequenced the genomes of a malignant melanoma and a lymphoblastoid cell line from the same person, providing the first comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from an individual cancer. The catalogue provides remarkable insights into the forces that have shaped this cancer genome. The dominant mutational signature reflects DNA damage due to ultraviolet light exposure, a known risk factor for malignant melanoma, whereas the uneven distribution of mutations across the genome, with a lower prevalence in gene footprints, indicates that DNA repair has been preferentially deployed towards transcribed regions. The results illustrate the power of a cancer genome sequence to reveal traces of the DNA damage, repair, mutation and selection processes that were operative years before the cancer became symptomatic.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3145108/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3145108/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pleasance, Erin D -- Cheetham, R Keira -- Stephens, Philip J -- McBride, David J -- Humphray, Sean J -- Greenman, Chris D -- Varela, Ignacio -- Lin, Meng-Lay -- Ordonez, Gonzalo R -- Bignell, Graham R -- Ye, Kai -- Alipaz, Julie -- Bauer, Markus J -- Beare, David -- Butler, Adam -- Carter, Richard J -- Chen, Lina -- Cox, Anthony J -- Edkins, Sarah -- Kokko-Gonzales, Paula I -- Gormley, Niall A -- Grocock, Russell J -- Haudenschild, Christian D -- Hims, Matthew M -- James, Terena -- Jia, Mingming -- Kingsbury, Zoya -- Leroy, Catherine -- Marshall, John -- Menzies, Andrew -- Mudie, Laura J -- Ning, Zemin -- Royce, Tom -- Schulz-Trieglaff, Ole B -- Spiridou, Anastassia -- Stebbings, Lucy A -- Szajkowski, Lukasz -- Teague, Jon -- Williamson, David -- Chin, Lynda -- Ross, Mark T -- Campbell, Peter J -- Bentley, David R -- Futreal, P Andrew -- Stratton, Michael R -- 077012/Z/05/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 088340/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 093867/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 14;463(7278):191-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08658. Epub 2009 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Damage/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA Repair/genetics ; Gene Dosage/genetics ; Genes, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity/genetics ; Male ; Melanoma/etiology/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Mutagenesis, Insertional/genetics ; Mutation/*genetics ; Neoplasms/etiology/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Precision Medicine ; Sequence Deletion/genetics ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    NIH responds to critics on peer review (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):835. doi: 10.1038/453835a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Financing, Organized/economics/*organization & administration ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Peer Review, Research/*methods/*standards ; Research Personnel/economics/standards ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Genetics bill cruises through Senate (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 1;453(7191):9. doi: 10.1038/453009a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18461710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Federal Government ; Genetic Privacy/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Genetics, Medical/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Genomics/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; Humans ; Individuality ; *Prejudice ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Compartmentalized dendritic plasticity and input feature storage in neurons (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-28
    Beschreibung: Although information storage in the central nervous system is thought to be primarily mediated by various forms of synaptic plasticity, other mechanisms, such as modifications in membrane excitability, are available. Local dendritic spikes are nonlinear voltage events that are initiated within dendritic branches by spatially clustered and temporally synchronous synaptic input. That local spikes selectively respond only to appropriately correlated input allows them to function as input feature detectors and potentially as powerful information storage mechanisms. However, it is currently unknown whether any effective form of local dendritic spike plasticity exists. Here we show that the coupling between local dendritic spikes and the soma of rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons can be modified in a branch-specific manner through an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent regulation of dendritic Kv4.2 potassium channels. These data suggest that compartmentalized changes in branch excitability could store multiple complex features of synaptic input, such as their spatio-temporal correlation. We propose that this 'branch strength potentiation' represents a previously unknown form of information storage that is distinct from that produced by changes in synaptic efficacy both at the mechanistic level and in the type of information stored.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Losonczy, Attila -- Makara, Judit K -- Magee, Jeffrey C -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 27;452(7186):436-41. doi: 10.1038/nature06725.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, 19700 Helix Dr Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA. losonczya@janelia.hhmi.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Shape ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Ion Channel Gating ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Shal Potassium Channels/deficiency/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    James Watson's genome sequenced at high speed (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-04-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 17;452(7189):788. doi: 10.1038/452788b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18431822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Genetic Counseling/trends ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics/economics/*trends ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Reference Standards ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/*trends ; Time Factors
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    The M2 splice isoform of pyruvate kinase is important for cancer metabolism and tumour growth (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-14
    Beschreibung: Many tumour cells have elevated rates of glucose uptake but reduced rates of oxidative phosphorylation. This persistence of high lactate production by tumours in the presence of oxygen, known as aerobic glycolysis, was first noted by Otto Warburg more than 75 yr ago. How tumour cells establish this altered metabolic phenotype and whether it is essential for tumorigenesis is as yet unknown. Here we show that a single switch in a splice isoform of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase is necessary for the shift in cellular metabolism to aerobic glycolysis and that this promotes tumorigenesis. Tumour cells have been shown to express exclusively the embryonic M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase. Here we use short hairpin RNA to knockdown pyruvate kinase M2 expression in human cancer cell lines and replace it with pyruvate kinase M1. Switching pyruvate kinase expression to the M1 (adult) isoform leads to reversal of the Warburg effect, as judged by reduced lactate production and increased oxygen consumption, and this correlates with a reduced ability to form tumours in nude mouse xenografts. These results demonstrate that M2 expression is necessary for aerobic glycolysis and that this metabolic phenotype provides a selective growth advantage for tumour cells in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christofk, Heather R -- Vander Heiden, Matthew G -- Harris, Marian H -- Ramanathan, Arvind -- Gerszten, Robert E -- Wei, Ru -- Fleming, Mark D -- Schreiber, Stuart L -- Cantley, Lewis C -- R01 GM056203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009172/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 13;452(7184):230-3. doi: 10.1038/nature06734.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18337823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alternative Splicing/*genetics ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Fructosediphosphates/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glycolysis ; Humans ; Lactic Acid/metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Oxygen Consumption ; Pyruvate Kinase/*genetics/*metabolism ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Free choice activates a decision circuit between frontal and parietal cortex (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-04-18
    Beschreibung: We often face alternatives that we are free to choose between. Planning movements to select an alternative involves several areas in frontal and parietal cortex that are anatomically connected into long-range circuits. These areas must coordinate their activity to select a common movement goal, but how neural circuits make decisions remains poorly understood. Here we simultaneously record from the dorsal premotor area (PMd) in frontal cortex and the parietal reach region (PRR) in parietal cortex to investigate neural circuit mechanisms for decision making. We find that correlations in spike and local field potential (LFP) activity between these areas are greater when monkeys are freely making choices than when they are following instructions. We propose that a decision circuit featuring a sub-population of cells in frontal and parietal cortex may exchange information to coordinate activity between these areas. Cells participating in this decision circuit may influence movement choices by providing a common bias to the selection of movement goals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728060/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2728060/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pesaran, Bijan -- Nelson, Matthew J -- Andersen, Richard A -- R01 EY007492/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY007492-19/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):406-9. doi: 10.1038/nature06849. Epub 2008 Apr 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA. bijan@nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18418380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Choice Behavior/*physiology ; Fixation, Ocular/physiology ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Probability ; ROC Curve ; Reward ; Saccades/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Revamp for NIH grants (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-02-29
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 28;451(7182):1035. doi: 10.1038/4511035a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Financing, Organized/economics/*organization & administration ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/*organization & administration ; Peer Review, Research/*methods/trends ; Research Personnel ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Crunch time for peer review in lawsuit (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 6;452(7183):6-7. doi: 10.1038/452006a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18322484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Celecoxib ; Confidentiality/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Drug Industry ; Humans ; *Isoxazoles/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Peer Review, Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Periodicals as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Pyrazoles/adverse effects/pharmacology ; *Sulfonamides/adverse effects/pharmacology ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Ultrasonic frogs show hyperacute phonotaxis to female courtship calls (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-13
    Beschreibung: Sound communication plays a vital role in frog reproduction, in which vocal advertisement is generally the domain of males. Females are typically silent, but in a few anuran species they can produce a feeble reciprocal call or rapping sounds during courtship. Males of concave-eared torrent frogs (Odorrana tormota) have demonstrated ultrasonic communication capacity. Although females of O. tormota have an unusually well-developed vocal production system, it is unclear whether or not they produce calls or are only passive partners in a communication system dominated by males. Here we show that before ovulation, gravid females of O. tormota emit calls that are distinct from males' advertisement calls, having higher fundamental frequencies and harmonics and shorter call duration. In the field and in a quiet, darkened indoor arena, these female calls evoke vocalizations and extraordinarily precise positive phonotaxis (a localization error of 〈1 degrees ), rivalling that of vertebrates with the highest localization acuity (barn owls, dolphins, elephants and humans). The localization accuracy of O. tormota is remarkable in light of their small head size (interaural distance of 〈1 cm), and suggests an additional selective advantage of high-frequency hearing beyond the ability to avoid masking by low-frequency background noise.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, Jun-Xian -- Feng, Albert S -- Xu, Zhi-Min -- Yu, Zu-Lin -- Arch, Victoria S -- Yu, Xin-Jian -- Narins, Peter M -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):914-6. doi: 10.1038/nature06719. Epub 2008 May 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. shenjx@sun5.ibp.ac.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18469804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; China ; *Courtship ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/*physiology ; Ranidae/*physiology ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sound ; *Ultrasonics ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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    Pleiotropic scaling of gene effects and the 'cost of complexity' (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-28
    Beschreibung: As perceived by Darwin, evolutionary adaptation by the processes of mutation and selection is difficult to understand for complex features that are the product of numerous traits acting in concert, for example the eye or the apparatus of flight. Typically, mutations simultaneously affect multiple phenotypic characters. This phenomenon is known as pleiotropy. The impact of pleiotropy on evolution has for decades been the subject of formal analysis. Some authors have suggested that pleiotropy can impede evolutionary progress (a so-called 'cost of complexity'). The plausibility of various phenomena attributed to pleiotropy depends on how many traits are affected by each mutation and on our understanding of the correlation between the number of traits affected by each gene substitution and the size of mutational effects on individual traits. Here we show, by studying pleiotropy in mice with the use of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting skeletal characters, that most QTLs affect a relatively small subset of traits and that a substitution at a QTL has an effect on each trait that increases with the total number of traits affected. This suggests that evolution of higher organisms does not suffer a 'cost of complexity' because most mutations affect few traits and the size of the effects does not decrease with pleiotropy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wagner, Gunter P -- Kenney-Hunt, Jane P -- Pavlicev, Mihaela -- Peck, Joel R -- Waxman, David -- Cheverud, James M -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 27;452(7186):470-2. doi: 10.1038/nature06756.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, USA. gunter.wagner@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size/*genetics ; Body Weight/genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; *Models, Genetic ; Mutation/*genetics ; Phenotype ; Quantitative Trait Loci/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; *Skeleton
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    Lab disinfectant harms mouse fertility. Patricia Hunt interviewed by Brendan Maher (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunt, Patricia -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 19;453(7198):964. doi: 10.1038/453964a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18563110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Laboratory/abnormalities ; Benzalkonium Compounds/*toxicity ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Disinfectants/chemistry/*toxicity ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Fertility/*drug effects ; Fetal Death/chemically induced ; *Housing, Animal ; *Laboratories ; Male ; Mice ; Phenols ; Pregnancy ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/*toxicity
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    The changing face of HIV in China (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-04
    Beschreibung: HIV has advanced from high-risk groups such as intravenous drug users to some in the general population, according to comprehensive new data from the south of China. What needs to be done to halt its spread?〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Lin -- Jia, Manhong -- Ma, Yanling -- Yang, Li -- Chen, Zhiwei -- Ho, David D -- Jiang, Yan -- Zhang, Linqi -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):609-11. doi: 10.1038/455609a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent ; Adult ; China/epidemiology ; Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission/virology ; HIV-1/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Prostitution/statistics & numerical data ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Sex Ratio ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology
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    Complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-03-14
    Beschreibung: Genetic data from two or more species provide information about the process of speciation. In their analysis of DNA from humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and macaques (HCGOM), Patterson et al. suggest that the apparently short divergence time between humans and chimpanzees on the X chromosome is explained by a massive interspecific hybridization event in the ancestry of these two species. However, Patterson et al. do not statistically test their own null model of simple speciation before concluding that speciation was complex, and--even if the null model could be rejected--they do not consider other explanations of a short divergence time on the X chromosome. These include natural selection on the X chromosome in the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, changes in the ratio of male-to-female mutation rates over time, and less extreme versions of divergence with gene flow (see ref. 2, for example). I therefore believe that their claim of hybridization is unwarranted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wakeley, John -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 13;452(7184):E3-4; discussion E4. doi: 10.1038/nature06805.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. wakeley@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18337768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Speciation ; Humans ; Male ; *Models, Genetic ; Mutagenesis/genetics ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; Phylogeny ; Reproducibility of Results ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Time Factors ; X Chromosome/genetics
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    Stem-cell futures (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-21
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 20;456(7220):282. doi: 10.1038/456282a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19020565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cell Line ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; Leadership ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; *Stem Cells/cytology ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Evolutionary genetics: who shouldn't be your daddy (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-02-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, Patrick C -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 7;451(7179):640-1. doi: 10.1038/451640a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/classification/embryology/*genetics/*physiology ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Embryo Loss/genetics ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology ; Female ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; Great Britain ; Hawaii ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Reproduction/genetics/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Formation of accumbens GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors mediates incubation of cocaine craving (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-27
    Beschreibung: Relapse to cocaine use after prolonged abstinence is an important clinical problem. This relapse is often induced by exposure to cues associated with cocaine use. To account for the persistent propensity for relapse, it has been suggested that cue-induced cocaine craving increases over the first several weeks of abstinence and remains high for extended periods. We and others identified an analogous phenomenon in rats that was termed 'incubation of cocaine craving': time-dependent increases in cue-induced cocaine-seeking over the first months after withdrawal from self-administered cocaine. Cocaine-seeking requires the activation of glutamate projections that excite receptors for alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) in the nucleus accumbens. Here we show that the number of synaptic AMPA receptors in the accumbens is increased after prolonged withdrawal from cocaine self-administration by the addition of new AMPA receptors lacking glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2). Furthermore, we show that these new receptors mediate the incubation of cocaine craving. Our results indicate that GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors could be a new target for drug development for the treatment of cocaine addiction. We propose that after prolonged withdrawal from cocaine, increased numbers of synaptic AMPA receptors combined with the higher conductance of GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors causes increased reactivity of accumbens neurons to cocaine-related cues, leading to an intensification of drug craving and relapse.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2574981/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2574981/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conrad, Kelly L -- Tseng, Kuei Y -- Uejima, Jamie L -- Reimers, Jeremy M -- Heng, Li-Jun -- Shaham, Yavin -- Marinelli, Michela -- Wolf, Marina E -- DA00453/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA015835/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA020654/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA09621/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- Z01 DA000434-08/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 3;454(7200):118-21. doi: 10.1038/nature06995. Epub 2008 May 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18500330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Cocaine ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/genetics/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Cues ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Self Administration ; Time Factors
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult human testis (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-14
    Beschreibung: Human primordial germ cells and mouse neonatal and adult germline stem cells are pluripotent and show similar properties to embryonic stem cells. Here we report the successful establishment of human adult germline stem cells derived from spermatogonial cells of adult human testis. Cellular and molecular characterization of these cells revealed many similarities to human embryonic stem cells, and the germline stem cells produced teratomas after transplantation into immunodeficient mice. The human adult germline stem cells differentiated into various types of somatic cells of all three germ layers when grown under conditions used to induce the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. We conclude that the generation of human adult germline stem cells from testicular biopsies may provide simple and non-controversial access to individual cell-based therapy without the ethical and immunological problems associated with human embryonic stem cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conrad, Sabine -- Renninger, Markus -- Hennenlotter, Jorg -- Wiesner, Tina -- Just, Lothar -- Bonin, Michael -- Aicher, Wilhelm -- Buhring, Hans-Jorg -- Mattheus, Ulrich -- Mack, Andreas -- Wagner, Hans-Joachim -- Minger, Stephen -- Matzkies, Matthias -- Reppel, Michael -- Hescheler, Jurgen -- Sievert, Karl-Dietrich -- Stenzl, Arnulf -- Skutella, Thomas -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 20;456(7220):344-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07404. Epub 2008 Oct 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Anatomy, Department of Experimental Embryology, Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18849962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Spermatogonia/cytology/ultrastructure ; Teratoma/pathology ; Testis/*cytology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 72
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    Animals aren't drugs (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):2. doi: 10.1038/456002a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Biotechnology/legislation & jurisprudence ; Food, Genetically Modified/standards ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; *Legislation, Drug ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 73
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    My genome. So what? (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):1. doi: 10.1038/456001a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): China/ethnology ; Genetic Counseling/trends ; Genetic Privacy/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics/*legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Nigeria/ethnology ; Pharmacogenetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 74
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    Beyond rocket science (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-07-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smaglik, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 5;453(7196):818-20. doi: 10.1038/nj7196-818a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18623624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Academies and Institutes/*organization & administration/trends ; Alabama ; Biomedical Research/trends ; Biotechnology/*manpower/*organization & administration/trends ; Employment/trends ; Entrepreneurship/trends ; Humans ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/*trends ; Universities/manpower
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 75
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    A risk worth taking (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-31
    Beschreibung: An experiment by the Gates Foundation is food for thought for other research agencies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 30;455(7217):1150. doi: 10.1038/4551150a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomedical Research/economics ; Creativity ; Foundations/*economics ; Humans ; Investments ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Peer Review, Research/*standards ; Research Support as Topic/*economics ; *Risk-Taking ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    America's choice (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-31
    Beschreibung: The values of scientific enquiry, rather than any particular policy positions on science, suggest a preference for one US presidential candidate over the other.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 30;455(7217):1149. doi: 10.1038/4551149a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Federal Government ; *Politics ; *Science/standards ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Type IV collagens regulate BMP signalling in Drosophila (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-15
    Beschreibung: Dorsal-ventral patterning in vertebrate and invertebrate embryos is mediated by a conserved system of secreted proteins that establishes a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) gradient. Although the Drosophila embryonic Decapentaplegic (Dpp) gradient has served as a model to understand how morphogen gradients are established, no role for the extracellular matrix has been previously described. Here we show that type IV collagen extracellular matrix proteins bind Dpp and regulate its signalling in both the Drosophila embryo and ovary. We provide evidence that the interaction between Dpp and type IV collagen augments Dpp signalling in the embryo by promoting gradient formation, yet it restricts the signalling range in the ovary through sequestration of the Dpp ligand. Together, these results identify a critical function of type IV collagens in modulating Dpp in the extracellular space during Drosophila development. On the basis of our findings that human type IV collagen binds BMP4, we predict that this role of type IV collagens will be conserved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Xiaomeng -- Harris, Robin E -- Bayston, Laura J -- Ashe, Hilary L -- BBS/B/11672/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 4;455(7209):72-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18701888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Body Patterning ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Count ; Collagen Type IV/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Ovary/cytology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; *Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Snapshot: Green ham (no eggs) (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):848. doi: 10.1038/455848a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Luminescence ; Mice ; *Nobel Prize ; *Research Personnel ; Swine ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    PML targeting eradicates quiescent leukaemia-initiating cells (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-13
    Beschreibung: The existence of a small population of 'cancer-initiating cells' responsible for tumour maintenance has been firmly demonstrated in leukaemia. This concept is currently being tested in solid tumours. Leukaemia-initiating cells, particularly those that are in a quiescent state, are thought to be resistant to chemotherapy and targeted therapies, resulting in disease relapse. Chronic myeloid leukaemia is a paradigmatic haematopoietic stem cell disease in which the leukaemia-initiating-cell pool is not eradicated by current therapy, leading to disease relapse on drug discontinuation. Here we define the critical role of the promyelocytic leukaemia protein (PML) tumour suppressor in haematopoietic stem cell maintenance, and present a new therapeutic approach for targeting quiescent leukaemia-initiating cells and possibly cancer-initiating cells by pharmacological inhibition of PML.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712082/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712082/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ito, Keisuke -- Bernardi, Rosa -- Morotti, Alessandro -- Matsuoka, Sahoko -- Saglio, Giuseppe -- Ikeda, Yasuo -- Rosenblatt, Jacalyn -- Avigan, David E -- Teruya-Feldstein, Julie -- Pandolfi, Pier Paolo -- K99 CA139009/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R00 CA139009/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA071692/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA071692-12/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 19;453(7198):1072-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07016. Epub 2008 May 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, New Research Building, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18469801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Animals ; Arsenicals/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism/*pathology ; Nuclear Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Oxides/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Recurrence ; Regeneration ; Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/antagonists & ; inhibitors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 80
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    Associative learning of social value (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-14
    Beschreibung: Our decisions are guided by information learnt from our environment. This information may come via personal experiences of reward, but also from the behaviour of social partners. Social learning is widely held to be distinct from other forms of learning in its mechanism and neural implementation; it is often assumed to compete with simpler mechanisms, such as reward-based associative learning, to drive behaviour. Recently, neural signals have been observed during social exchange reminiscent of signals seen in studies of associative learning. Here we demonstrate that social information may be acquired using the same associative processes assumed to underlie reward-based learning. We find that key computational variables for learning in the social and reward domains are processed in a similar fashion, but in parallel neural processing streams. Two neighbouring divisions of the anterior cingulate cortex were central to learning about social and reward-based information, and for determining the extent to which each source of information guides behaviour. When making a decision, however, the information learnt using these parallel streams was combined within ventromedial prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that human social valuation can be realized by means of the same associative processes previously established for learning other, simpler, features of the environment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605577/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605577/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Behrens, Timothy E J -- Hunt, Laurence T -- Woolrich, Mark W -- Rushworth, Matthew F S -- G0501316/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0501316(75487)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600994/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 13;456(7219):245-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07538.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. behrens@fmrib.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19005555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Reward ; *Social Behavior
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    Egg shortage hits race to clone human stem cells (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-06-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maher, Brendan -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):828-9. doi: 10.1038/453828a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Oocyte Donation/*economics/ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & ; numerical data ; Ovum/cytology ; *Research Embryo Creation/economics/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *State Government ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Polar bear numbers set to fall (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Courtland, Rachel -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 22;453(7194):432-3. doi: 10.1038/453432a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; *Greenhouse Effect ; *Ice Cover ; Internationality ; Population Density ; Time Factors ; United States ; Ursidae/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Oligopotent stem cells are distributed throughout the mammalian ocular surface (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-03
    Beschreibung: The integrity of the cornea, the most anterior part of the eye, is indispensable for vision. Forty-five million individuals worldwide are bilaterally blind and another 135 million have severely impaired vision in both eyes because of loss of corneal transparency; treatments range from local medications to corneal transplants, and more recently to stem cell therapy. The corneal epithelium is a squamous epithelium that is constantly renewing, with a vertical turnover of 7 to 14 days in many mammals. Identification of slow cycling cells (label-retaining cells) in the limbus of the mouse has led to the notion that the limbus is the niche for the stem cells responsible for the long-term renewal of the cornea; hence, the corneal epithelium is supposedly renewed by cells generated at and migrating from the limbus, in marked opposition to other squamous epithelia in which each resident stem cell has in charge a limited area of epithelium. Here we show that the corneal epithelium of the mouse can be serially transplanted, is self-maintained and contains oligopotent stem cells with the capacity to generate goblet cells if provided with a conjunctival environment. Furthermore, the entire ocular surface of the pig, including the cornea, contains oligopotent stem cells (holoclones) with the capacity to generate individual colonies of corneal and conjunctival cells. Therefore, the limbus is not the only niche for corneal stem cells and corneal renewal is not different from other squamous epithelia. We propose a model that unifies our observations with the literature and explains why the limbal region is enriched in stem cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Majo, Francois -- Rochat, Ariane -- Nicolas, Michael -- Jaoude, Georges Abou -- Barrandon, Yann -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 13;456(7219):250-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07406. Epub 2008 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Stem Cell Dynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne CH, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18830243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult Stem Cells/*cytology ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Child, Preschool ; Clone Cells ; Corneal Transplantation ; Epithelium, Corneal/*cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Infant ; Keratinocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Models, Biological ; Multipotent Stem Cells/*cytology ; Proteins/metabolism ; Rats ; Swine
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    The adaptive significance of temperature-dependent sex determination in a reptile (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-01-22
    Beschreibung: Understanding the mechanisms that determine an individual's sex remains a primary challenge for evolutionary biology. Chromosome-based systems (genotypic sex determination) that generate roughly equal numbers of sons and daughters accord with theory, but the adaptive significance of environmental sex determination (that is, when embryonic environmental conditions determine offspring sex, ESD) is a major unsolved problem. Theoretical models predict that selection should favour ESD over genotypic sex determination when the developmental environment differentially influences male versus female fitness (that is, the Charnov-Bull model), but empirical evidence for this hypothesis remains elusive in amniote vertebrates--the clade in which ESD is most prevalent. Here we provide the first substantial empirical support for this model by showing that incubation temperatures influence reproductive success of males differently than that of females in a short-lived lizard (Amphibolurus muricatus, Agamidae) with temperature-dependent sex determination. We incubated eggs at a variety of temperatures, and de-confounded sex and incubation temperature by using hormonal manipulations to embryos. We then raised lizards in field enclosures and quantified their lifetime reproductive success. Incubation temperature affected reproductive success differently in males versus females in exactly the way predicted by theory: the fitness of each sex was maximized by the incubation temperature that produces that sex. Our results provide unequivocal empirical support for the Charnov-Bull model for the adaptive significance of temperature-dependent sex determination in amniote vertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warner, D A -- Shine, R -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 31;451(7178):566-8. doi: 10.1038/nature06519. Epub 2008 Jan 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. dwarner@iastate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18204437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acclimatization/physiology ; Adaptation, Physiological/*physiology ; Animals ; Body Size ; Fadrozole/pharmacology ; Female ; Lizards/*embryology/*physiology ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Ovum/drug effects/growth & development ; Reproduction/physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Differentiation/*physiology ; *Temperature
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Internal brain state regulates membrane potential synchrony in barrel cortex of behaving mice (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-07-18
    Beschreibung: Internal brain states form key determinants for sensory perception, sensorimotor coordination and learning. A prominent reflection of different brain states in the mammalian central nervous system is the presence of distinct patterns of cortical synchrony, as revealed by extracellular recordings of the electroencephalogram, local field potential and action potentials. Such temporal correlations of cortical activity are thought to be fundamental mechanisms of neuronal computation. However, it is unknown how cortical synchrony is reflected in the intracellular membrane potential (V(m)) dynamics of behaving animals. Here we show, using dual whole-cell recordings from layer 2/3 primary somatosensory barrel cortex in behaving mice, that the V(m) of nearby neurons is highly correlated during quiet wakefulness. However, when the mouse is whisking, an internally generated state change reduces the V(m) correlation, resulting in a desynchronized local field potential and electroencephalogram. Action potential activity was sparse during both quiet wakefulness and active whisking. Single action potentials were driven by a large, brief and specific excitatory input that was not present in the V(m) of neighbouring cells. Action potential initiation occurs with a higher signal-to-noise ratio during active whisking than during quiet periods. Therefore, we show that an internal brain state dynamically regulates cortical membrane potential synchrony during behaviour and defines different modes of cortical processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poulet, James F A -- Petersen, Carl C H -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 14;454(7206):881-5. doi: 10.1038/nature07150. Epub 2008 Jul 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18633351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Electroencephalography ; Exploratory Behavior/*physiology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/*physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ; Wakefulness/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Fertilization: Welcome to the fold (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-12-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wassarman, Paul M -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 4;456(7222):586-7. doi: 10.1038/456586a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19052615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Egg Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Fertilization/physiology ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Ovum/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Spermatozoa/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-10
    Beschreibung: We present a draft genome sequence of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. This monotreme exhibits a fascinating combination of reptilian and mammalian characters. For example, platypuses have a coat of fur adapted to an aquatic lifestyle; platypus females lactate, yet lay eggs; and males are equipped with venom similar to that of reptiles. Analysis of the first monotreme genome aligned these features with genetic innovations. We find that reptile and platypus venom proteins have been co-opted independently from the same gene families; milk protein genes are conserved despite platypuses laying eggs; and immune gene family expansions are directly related to platypus biology. Expansions of protein, non-protein-coding RNA and microRNA families, as well as repeat elements, are identified. Sequencing of this genome now provides a valuable resource for deep mammalian comparative analyses, as well as for monotreme biology and conservation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803040/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803040/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warren, Wesley C -- Hillier, LaDeana W -- Marshall Graves, Jennifer A -- Birney, Ewan -- Ponting, Chris P -- Grutzner, Frank -- Belov, Katherine -- Miller, Webb -- Clarke, Laura -- Chinwalla, Asif T -- Yang, Shiaw-Pyng -- Heger, Andreas -- Locke, Devin P -- Miethke, Pat -- Waters, Paul D -- Veyrunes, Frederic -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Fulton, Bob -- Graves, Tina -- Wallis, John -- Puente, Xose S -- Lopez-Otin, Carlos -- Ordonez, Gonzalo R -- Eichler, Evan E -- Chen, Lin -- Cheng, Ze -- Deakin, Janine E -- Alsop, Amber -- Thompson, Katherine -- Kirby, Patrick -- Papenfuss, Anthony T -- Wakefield, Matthew J -- Olender, Tsviya -- Lancet, Doron -- Huttley, Gavin A -- Smit, Arian F A -- Pask, Andrew -- Temple-Smith, Peter -- Batzer, Mark A -- Walker, Jerilyn A -- Konkel, Miriam K -- Harris, Robert S -- Whittington, Camilla M -- Wong, Emily S W -- Gemmell, Neil J -- Buschiazzo, Emmanuel -- Vargas Jentzsch, Iris M -- Merkel, Angelika -- Schmitz, Juergen -- Zemann, Anja -- Churakov, Gennady -- Kriegs, Jan Ole -- Brosius, Juergen -- Murchison, Elizabeth P -- Sachidanandam, Ravi -- Smith, Carly -- Hannon, Gregory J -- Tsend-Ayush, Enkhjargal -- McMillan, Daniel -- Attenborough, Rosalind -- Rens, Willem -- Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm -- Lefevre, Christophe M -- Sharp, Julie A -- Nicholas, Kevin R -- Ray, David A -- Kube, Michael -- Reinhardt, Richard -- Pringle, Thomas H -- Taylor, James -- Jones, Russell C -- Nixon, Brett -- Dacheux, Jean-Louis -- Niwa, Hitoshi -- Sekita, Yoko -- Huang, Xiaoqiu -- Stark, Alexander -- Kheradpour, Pouya -- Kellis, Manolis -- Flicek, Paul -- Chen, Yuan -- Webber, Caleb -- Hardison, Ross -- Nelson, Joanne -- Hallsworth-Pepin, Kym -- Delehaunty, Kim -- Markovic, Chris -- Minx, Pat -- Feng, Yucheng -- Kremitzki, Colin -- Mitreva, Makedonka -- Glasscock, Jarret -- Wylie, Todd -- Wohldmann, Patricia -- Thiru, Prathapan -- Nhan, Michael N -- Pohl, Craig S -- Smith, Scott M -- Hou, Shunfeng -- Nefedov, Mikhail -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Renfree, Marilyn B -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Wilson, Richard K -- 062023/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- HG002238/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P01 CA013106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-37/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM59290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG02385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):175-83. doi: 10.1038/nature06936.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8501, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. wwarren@wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18464734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Base Composition ; Dentition ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome/*genetics ; Genomic Imprinting/genetics ; Humans ; Immunity/genetics ; Male ; Mammals/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Milk Proteins/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Platypus/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; Reptiles/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Venoms/genetics ; Zona Pellucida/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Precise auditory-vocal mirroring in neurons for learned vocal communication (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-01-19
    Beschreibung: Brain mechanisms for communication must establish a correspondence between sensory and motor codes used to represent the signal. One idea is that this correspondence is established at the level of single neurons that are active when the individual performs a particular gesture or observes a similar gesture performed by another individual. Although neurons that display a precise auditory-vocal correspondence could facilitate vocal communication, they have yet to be identified. Here we report that a certain class of neurons in the swamp sparrow forebrain displays a precise auditory-vocal correspondence. We show that these neurons respond in a temporally precise fashion to auditory presentation of certain note sequences in this songbird's repertoire and to similar note sequences in other birds' songs. These neurons display nearly identical patterns of activity when the bird sings the same sequence, and disrupting auditory feedback does not alter this singing-related activity, indicating it is motor in nature. Furthermore, these neurons innervate striatal structures important for song learning, raising the possibility that singing-related activity in these cells is compared to auditory feedback to guide vocal learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prather, J F -- Peters, S -- Nowicki, S -- Mooney, R -- R01 DC002524/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 17;451(7176):305-10. doi: 10.1038/nature06492.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acoustic Stimulation ; Action Potentials ; Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Finches/physiology ; High Vocal Center/*cytology/physiology ; Imitative Behavior/*physiology ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Sparrows/*physiology ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    New York to police air monitoring (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-02-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Courtland, Rachel -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 31;451(7178):508. doi: 10.1038/451508a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18235463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Law Enforcement ; New York City ; Police/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Security Measures/legislation & jurisprudence ; Terrorism/prevention & control ; Time Factors ; United States ; United States Department of Homeland Security/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Accurate whole human genome sequencing using reversible terminator chemistry (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-07
    Beschreibung: DNA sequence information underpins genetic research, enabling discoveries of important biological or medical benefit. Sequencing projects have traditionally used long (400-800 base pair) reads, but the existence of reference sequences for the human and many other genomes makes it possible to develop new, fast approaches to re-sequencing, whereby shorter reads are compared to a reference to identify intraspecies genetic variation. Here we report an approach that generates several billion bases of accurate nucleotide sequence per experiment at low cost. Single molecules of DNA are attached to a flat surface, amplified in situ and used as templates for synthetic sequencing with fluorescent reversible terminator deoxyribonucleotides. Images of the surface are analysed to generate high-quality sequence. We demonstrate application of this approach to human genome sequencing on flow-sorted X chromosomes and then scale the approach to determine the genome sequence of a male Yoruba from Ibadan, Nigeria. We build an accurate consensus sequence from 〉30x average depth of paired 35-base reads. We characterize four million single-nucleotide polymorphisms and four hundred thousand structural variants, many of which were previously unknown. Our approach is effective for accurate, rapid and economical whole-genome re-sequencing and many other biomedical applications.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2581791/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2581791/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bentley, David R -- Balasubramanian, Shankar -- Swerdlow, Harold P -- Smith, Geoffrey P -- Milton, John -- Brown, Clive G -- Hall, Kevin P -- Evers, Dirk J -- Barnes, Colin L -- Bignell, Helen R -- Boutell, Jonathan M -- Bryant, Jason -- Carter, Richard J -- Keira Cheetham, R -- Cox, Anthony J -- Ellis, Darren J -- Flatbush, Michael R -- Gormley, Niall A -- Humphray, Sean J -- Irving, Leslie J -- Karbelashvili, Mirian S -- Kirk, Scott M -- Li, Heng -- Liu, Xiaohai -- Maisinger, Klaus S -- Murray, Lisa J -- Obradovic, Bojan -- Ost, Tobias -- Parkinson, Michael L -- Pratt, Mark R -- Rasolonjatovo, Isabelle M J -- Reed, Mark T -- Rigatti, Roberto -- Rodighiero, Chiara -- Ross, Mark T -- Sabot, Andrea -- Sankar, Subramanian V -- Scally, Aylwyn -- Schroth, Gary P -- Smith, Mark E -- Smith, Vincent P -- Spiridou, Anastassia -- Torrance, Peta E -- Tzonev, Svilen S -- Vermaas, Eric H -- Walter, Klaudia -- Wu, Xiaolin -- Zhang, Lu -- Alam, Mohammed D -- Anastasi, Carole -- Aniebo, Ify C -- Bailey, David M D -- Bancarz, Iain R -- Banerjee, Saibal -- Barbour, Selena G -- Baybayan, Primo A -- Benoit, Vincent A -- Benson, Kevin F -- Bevis, Claire -- Black, Phillip J -- Boodhun, Asha -- Brennan, Joe S -- Bridgham, John A -- Brown, Rob C -- Brown, Andrew A -- Buermann, Dale H -- Bundu, Abass A -- Burrows, James C -- Carter, Nigel P -- Castillo, Nestor -- Chiara E Catenazzi, Maria -- Chang, Simon -- Neil Cooley, R -- Crake, Natasha R -- Dada, Olubunmi O -- Diakoumakos, Konstantinos D -- Dominguez-Fernandez, Belen -- Earnshaw, David J -- Egbujor, Ugonna C -- Elmore, David W -- Etchin, Sergey S -- Ewan, Mark R -- Fedurco, Milan -- Fraser, Louise J -- Fuentes Fajardo, Karin V -- Scott Furey, W -- George, David -- Gietzen, Kimberley J -- Goddard, Colin P -- Golda, George S -- Granieri, Philip A -- Green, David E -- Gustafson, David L -- Hansen, Nancy F -- Harnish, Kevin -- Haudenschild, Christian D -- Heyer, Narinder I -- Hims, Matthew M -- Ho, Johnny T -- Horgan, Adrian M -- Hoschler, Katya -- Hurwitz, Steve -- Ivanov, Denis V -- Johnson, Maria Q -- James, Terena -- Huw Jones, T A -- Kang, Gyoung-Dong -- Kerelska, Tzvetana H -- Kersey, Alan D -- Khrebtukova, Irina -- Kindwall, Alex P -- Kingsbury, Zoya -- Kokko-Gonzales, Paula I -- Kumar, Anil -- Laurent, Marc A -- Lawley, Cynthia T -- Lee, Sarah E -- Lee, Xavier -- Liao, Arnold K -- Loch, Jennifer A -- Lok, Mitch -- Luo, Shujun -- Mammen, Radhika M -- Martin, John W -- McCauley, Patrick G -- McNitt, Paul -- Mehta, Parul -- Moon, Keith W -- Mullens, Joe W -- Newington, Taksina -- Ning, Zemin -- Ling Ng, Bee -- Novo, Sonia M -- O'Neill, Michael J -- Osborne, Mark A -- Osnowski, Andrew -- Ostadan, Omead -- Paraschos, Lambros L -- Pickering, Lea -- Pike, Andrew C -- Pike, Alger C -- Chris Pinkard, D -- Pliskin, Daniel P -- Podhasky, Joe -- Quijano, Victor J -- Raczy, Come -- Rae, Vicki H -- Rawlings, Stephen R -- Chiva Rodriguez, Ana -- Roe, Phyllida M -- Rogers, John -- Rogert Bacigalupo, Maria C -- Romanov, Nikolai -- Romieu, Anthony -- Roth, Rithy K -- Rourke, Natalie J -- Ruediger, Silke T -- Rusman, Eli -- Sanches-Kuiper, Raquel M -- Schenker, Martin R -- Seoane, Josefina M -- Shaw, Richard J -- Shiver, Mitch K -- Short, Steven W -- Sizto, Ning L -- Sluis, Johannes P -- Smith, Melanie A -- Ernest Sohna Sohna, Jean -- Spence, Eric J -- Stevens, Kim -- Sutton, Neil -- Szajkowski, Lukasz -- Tregidgo, Carolyn L -- Turcatti, Gerardo -- Vandevondele, Stephanie -- Verhovsky, Yuli -- Virk, Selene M -- Wakelin, Suzanne -- Walcott, Gregory C -- Wang, Jingwen -- Worsley, Graham J -- Yan, Juying -- Yau, Ling -- Zuerlein, Mike -- Rogers, Jane -- Mullikin, James C -- Hurles, Matthew E -- McCooke, Nick J -- West, John S -- Oaks, Frank L -- Lundberg, Peter L -- Klenerman, David -- Durbin, Richard -- Smith, Anthony J -- B05823/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0701805/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MOL04534/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Z01 HG200330-03/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):53-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07517.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Illumina Cambridge Ltd. (Formerly Solexa Ltd), Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK. dbentley@illumina.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics ; Consensus Sequence/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics/economics/*methods ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Nigeria ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/*methods
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    Life after Zerhouni (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):565-6. doi: 10.1038/455565b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Humans ; Leadership ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/ethics/*organization & ; administration/*trends ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Military research: the Pentagon's culture wars (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinberger, Sharon -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):583-5. doi: 10.1038/455583a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Afghanistan ; Anthropology ; Iraq ; Military Science/*methods ; Social Sciences/*trends ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    A question of balance (2008)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-10-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):565. doi: 10.1038/455565a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Conservation of Energy Resources/economics/*trends ; Economics/*trends ; *Federal Government ; Greenhouse Effect ; Technology/economics/*trends ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    The deubiquitinylation and localization of PTEN are regulated by a HAUSP-PML network (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-22
    Beschreibung: Nuclear exclusion of the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted in chromosome 10) tumour suppressor has been associated with cancer progression. However, the mechanisms leading to this aberrant PTEN localization in human cancers are currently unknown. We have previously reported that ubiquitinylation of PTEN at specific lysine residues regulates its nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning. Here we show that functional promyelocytic leukaemia protein (PML) nuclear bodies co-ordinate PTEN localization by opposing the action of a previously unknown PTEN-deubiquitinylating enzyme, herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP, also known as USP7), and that the integrity of this molecular framework is required for PTEN to be able to enter the nucleus. We find that PTEN is aberrantly localized in acute promyelocytic leukaemia, in which PML function is disrupted by the PML-RARalpha fusion oncoprotein. Remarkably, treatment with drugs that trigger PML-RARalpha degradation, such as all-trans retinoic acid or arsenic trioxide, restore nuclear PTEN. We demonstrate that PML opposes the activity of HAUSP towards PTEN through a mechanism involving the adaptor protein DAXX (death domain-associated protein). In support of this paradigm, we show that HAUSP is overexpressed in human prostate cancer and is associated with PTEN nuclear exclusion. Thus, our results delineate a previously unknown PML-DAXX-HAUSP molecular network controlling PTEN deubiquitinylation and trafficking, which is perturbed by oncogenic cues in human cancer, in turn defining a new deubiquitinylation-dependent model for PTEN subcellular compartmentalization.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3398484/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3398484/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Song, Min Sup -- Salmena, Leonardo -- Carracedo, Arkaitz -- Egia, Ainara -- Lo-Coco, Francesco -- Teruya-Feldstein, Julie -- Pandolfi, Pier Paolo -- P50 CA092629/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA092629-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA082328/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 9;455(7214):813-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07290. Epub 2008 Aug 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18716620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/*metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology ; Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Tretinoin/pharmacology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/*metabolism ; *Ubiquitination ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Essential roles of PI(3)K-p110beta in cell growth, metabolism and tumorigenesis (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-07-03
    Beschreibung: On activation by receptors, the ubiquitously expressed class IA isoforms (p110alpha and p110beta) of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) generate lipid second messengers, which initiate multiple signal transduction cascades. Recent studies have demonstrated specific functions for p110alpha in growth factor and insulin signalling. To probe for distinct functions of p110beta, we constructed conditional knockout mice. Here we show that ablation of p110beta in the livers of the resulting mice leads to impaired insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis, while having little effect on phosphorylation of Akt, suggesting the involvement of a kinase-independent role of p110beta in insulin metabolic action. Using established mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we found that removal of p110beta also had little effect on Akt phosphorylation in response to stimulation by insulin and epidermal growth factor, but resulted in retarded cell proliferation. Reconstitution of p110beta-null cells with a wild-type or kinase-dead allele of p110beta demonstrated that p110beta possesses kinase-independent functions in regulating cell proliferation and trafficking. However, the kinase activity of p110beta was required for G-protein-coupled receptor signalling triggered by lysophosphatidic acid and had a function in oncogenic transformation. Most strikingly, in an animal model of prostate tumour formation induced by Pten loss, ablation of p110beta (also known as Pik3cb), but not that of p110alpha (also known as Pik3ca), impeded tumorigenesis with a concomitant diminution of Akt phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate both kinase-dependent and kinase-independent functions for p110beta, and strongly indicate the kinase-dependent functions of p110beta as a promising target in cancer therapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2750091/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2750091/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jia, Shidong -- Liu, Zhenning -- Zhang, Sen -- Liu, Pixu -- Zhang, Lei -- Lee, Sang Hyun -- Zhang, Jing -- Signoretti, Sabina -- Loda, Massimo -- Roberts, Thomas M -- Zhao, Jean J -- P01 CA050661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA050661-200001/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA089021/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA089021-06A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA089393/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA089393-08S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA090381/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA090381-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA030002/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA030002-27/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA134502/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA134502-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 7;454(7205):776-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07091. Epub 2008 Jun 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18594509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose Intolerance/enzymology/genetics ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Insulin Resistance/genetics ; Liver/enzymology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase/deficiency/genetics ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Prostatic Neoplasms/enzymology/genetics/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Doping: a paradigm shift has taken place in testing (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-09-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sottas, Pierre-Edouard -- Saudan, Christophe -- Saugy, Martial -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):166. doi: 10.1038/455166a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Doping in Sports/*prevention & control ; Forensic Sciences/*methods/*standards ; Humans ; Male ; Sports/standards ; Substance Abuse Detection/*methods/*standards
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
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    Modelling Myc inhibition as a cancer therapy (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-22
    Beschreibung: Myc is a pleiotropic basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor that coordinates expression of the diverse intracellular and extracellular programs that together are necessary for growth and expansion of somatic cells. In principle, this makes inhibition of Myc an attractive pharmacological approach for treating diverse types of cancer. However, enthusiasm has been muted by lack of direct evidence that Myc inhibition would be therapeutically efficacious, concerns that it would induce serious side effects by inhibiting proliferation of normal tissues, and practical difficulties in designing Myc inhibitory drugs. We have modelled genetically both the therapeutic impact and the side effects of systemic Myc inhibition in a preclinical mouse model of Ras-induced lung adenocarcinoma by reversible, systemic expression of a dominant-interfering Myc mutant. We show that Myc inhibition triggers rapid regression of incipient and established lung tumours, defining an unexpected role for endogenous Myc function in the maintenance of Ras-dependent tumours in vivo. Systemic Myc inhibition also exerts profound effects on normal regenerating tissues. However, these effects are well tolerated over extended periods and rapidly and completely reversible. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of targeting Myc, a common downstream conduit for many oncogenic signals, as an effective, efficient and tumour-specific cancer therapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4485609/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4485609/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soucek, Laura -- Whitfield, Jonathan -- Martins, Carla P -- Finch, Andrew J -- Murphy, Daniel J -- Sodir, Nicole M -- Karnezis, Anthony N -- Swigart, Lamorna Brown -- Nasi, Sergio -- Evan, Gerard I -- 2R01 CA98018/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098018/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098018-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098018-06/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098018-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA108462/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA108462-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):679-83. doi: 10.1038/nature07260. Epub 2008 Aug 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0875, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18716624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenocarcinoma/genetics/metabolism/pathology/therapy ; Animals ; Gastrointestinal Tract/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Genes, Dominant/genetics ; Genes, ras ; *Genetic Therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology/*therapy ; Male ; Mice ; *Models, Biological ; Mutation/genetics ; Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/*antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism ; Skin/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Testis/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Transgenes/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
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    America's new leadership (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-11-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):16. doi: 10.1038/456016a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Conservation of Energy Resources/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; Leadership ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Research Personnel/economics/psychology ; Research Support as Topic/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; Science/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
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    America's fresh start (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-09-27
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):431. doi: 10.1038/455431a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Federal Government ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; *Politics ; Religion and Science ; Research Support as Topic ; Science/*economics/trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Defence research: still in the lead? (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-01-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinberger, Sharon -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):390-3. doi: 10.1038/451390a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Bionics/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Internet ; Research/history/*trends ; Robotics/trends ; Security Measures/history/organization & administration/*trends ; Technology/history/*trends ; Terrorism/prevention & control ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics/history/organization & ; administration/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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