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  • Articles  (2,127)
  • United States  (1,691)
  • Cells, Cultured  (438)
  • 2005-2009  (1,542)
  • 1980-1984  (585)
  • Biology  (2,127)
  • Medicine  (2,125)
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  • Articles  (2,127)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The destruction of aquatic vegetation by carp (1983)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 106 (1983), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: carp ; aquatic vegetation ; enclosure experiment ; Southern France ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The destruction of submerged vegetation by common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. is tested in six enclosures with different biomass (kg ha−1) of carp in a marsh of the Camargue, southern France. After 71 days, a strong negative relationship was found between the biomass of carp and the amount of aquatic vegetation present in the enclosures. The results are compared with similar studies in the United States. The absence of problem of vegetation destruction by carp in Europe, in contrast to North America, may be explained by lower biomass of these populations in Europe, and by a higher weight of carp in North America.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016414
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonization and succession of benthic macroinvertebrates in a new reservoir (1984)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 112 (1984), S. 27-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: benthic macroinvertebrates ; colonization ; succession ; reservoir ; impoundment ; mainstream ; United States ; Southeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the colonization and succession of benthic macroinvertebrates in shallow areas (〈7 m) of Lake Anna, a new mainstream impoundment in the southeastern U.S.A. Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled for the first three years after filling by means of artificial substrates placed on the bottom and retrieved with SCUBA. Lake Anna was well colonized by benthic macroinvertebrates during the summer season immediately after impoundment. The total density of organisms increased in each of the first three years. Major changes in the fauna occurred between the first and second years, but the changes between the second and third years were more subtle. The fauna could be divided into two distinct groups based upon the time when the organisms were most consistently abundant. The first colonizers appeared to be dependent upon the components of the former terrestrial ecosystem for food and habitat. As autochthonous factors began to regulate succession, diversity increased and the dominant species shifted to an assemblage of second colonizers. These factors included: (1) decomposition of terrestrial vegetation and detritus leaving bare substrate, (2) sedimentation, (3) improved food quality of the organic matter in the sediment because of ingestion and egestion by the organisms themselves, (4) increased plankton populations, and (5) appearance of macrophytes. As the second colonizers became firmly established in the third year, distinct patterns of spatial distribution began to appear among species with similar niches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007663
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  • 3
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    Reprogramming towards pluripotency requires AID-dependent DNA demethylation (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-23
    Description: Reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei to yield induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells makes possible derivation of patient-specific stem cells for regenerative medicine. However, iPS cell generation is asynchronous and slow (2-3 weeks), the frequency is low (〈0.1%), and DNA demethylation constitutes a bottleneck. To determine regulatory mechanisms involved in reprogramming, we generated interspecies heterokaryons (fused mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and human fibroblasts) that induce reprogramming synchronously, frequently and fast. Here we show that reprogramming towards pluripotency in single heterokaryons is initiated without cell division or DNA replication, rapidly (1 day) and efficiently (70%). Short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown showed that activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID, also known as AICDA) is required for promoter demethylation and induction of OCT4 (also known as POU5F1) and NANOG gene expression. AID protein bound silent methylated OCT4 and NANOG promoters in fibroblasts, but not active demethylated promoters in ES cells. These data provide new evidence that mammalian AID is required for active DNA demethylation and initiation of nuclear reprogramming towards pluripotency in human somatic cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2906123/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2906123/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhutani, Nidhi -- Brady, Jennifer J -- Damian, Mara -- Sacco, Alessandra -- Corbel, Stephane Y -- Blau, Helen M -- AG009521/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG024987/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AI007328/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG009521/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG009521-25/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG024987/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG024987-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007328/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100397/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 25;463(7284):1042-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08752.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5175, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20027182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Reprogramming/genetics/*physiology ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Cytidine Deaminase/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA Replication ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/enzymology/*metabolism ; Lung/cytology/embryology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    NIH responds to critics on peer review (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):835. doi: 10.1038/453835a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Organized/economics/*organization & administration ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Peer Review, Research/*methods/*standards ; Research Personnel/economics/standards ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    IRF4 addiction in multiple myeloma (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-24
    Description: The transcription factor IRF4 (interferon regulatory factor 4) is required during an immune response for lymphocyte activation and the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. Multiple myeloma, a malignancy of plasma cells, has a complex molecular aetiology with several subgroups defined by gene expression profiling and recurrent chromosomal translocations. Moreover, the malignant clone can sustain multiple oncogenic lesions, accumulating genetic damage as the disease progresses. Current therapies for myeloma can extend survival but are not curative. Hence, new therapeutic strategies are needed that target molecular pathways shared by all subtypes of myeloma. Here we show, using a loss-of-function, RNA-interference-based genetic screen, that IRF4 inhibition is toxic to myeloma cell lines, regardless of transforming oncogenic mechanism. Gene expression profiling and genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis uncovered an extensive network of IRF4 target genes and identified MYC as a direct target of IRF4 in activated B cells and myeloma. Unexpectedly, IRF4 was itself a direct target of MYC transactivation, generating an autoregulatory circuit in myeloma cells. Although IRF4 is not genetically altered in most myelomas, they are nonetheless addicted to an aberrant IRF4 regulatory network that fuses the gene expression programmes of normal plasma cells and activated B cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542904/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542904/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaffer, Arthur L -- Emre, N C Tolga -- Lamy, Laurence -- Ngo, Vu N -- Wright, George -- Xiao, Wenming -- Powell, John -- Dave, Sandeep -- Yu, Xin -- Zhao, Hong -- Zeng, Yuxin -- Chen, Bangzheng -- Epstein, Joshua -- Staudt, Louis M -- CA113992/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA97513/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA113992/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA113992-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA097513-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Z99 CA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 10;454(7201):226-31. doi: 10.1038/nature07064. Epub 2008 Jun 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18568025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Survival ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, myc/genetics ; Humans ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Multiple Myeloma/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 is rate-limiting in translation, growth and transformation (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-12
    Description: Cell growth and proliferation require coordinated ribosomal biogenesis and translation. Eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) control translation at the rate-limiting step of initiation. So far, only two eIFs connect extracellular stimuli to global translation rates: eIF4E acts in the eIF4F complex and regulates binding of capped messenger RNA to 40S subunits, downstream of growth factors, and eIF2 controls loading of the ternary complex on the 40S subunit and is inhibited on stress stimuli. No eIFs have been found to link extracellular stimuli to the activity of the large 60S ribosomal subunit. eIF6 binds 60S ribosomes precluding ribosome joining in vitro. However, studies in yeasts showed that eIF6 is required for ribosome biogenesis rather than translation. Here we show that mammalian eIF6 is required for efficient initiation of translation, in vivo. eIF6 null embryos are lethal at preimplantation. Heterozygous mice have 50% reduction of eIF6 levels in all tissues, and show reduced mass of hepatic and adipose tissues due to a lower number of cells and to impaired G1/S cell cycle progression. eIF6(+/-) cells retain sufficient nucleolar eIF6 and normal ribosome biogenesis. The liver of eIF6(+/-) mice displays an increase of 80S in polysomal profiles, indicating a defect in initiation of translation. Consistently, isolated hepatocytes have impaired insulin-stimulated translation. Heterozygous mouse embryonic fibroblasts recapitulate the organism phenotype and have normal ribosome biogenesis, reduced insulin-stimulated translation, and delayed G1/S phase progression. Furthermore, eIF6(+/-) cells are resistant to oncogene-induced transformation. Thus, eIF6 is the first eIF associated with the large 60S subunit that regulates translation in response to extracellular signals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753212/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753212/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gandin, Valentina -- Miluzio, Annarita -- Barbieri, Anna Maria -- Beugnet, Anne -- Kiyokawa, Hiroaki -- Marchisio, Pier Carlo -- Biffo, Stefano -- GGP05043/Telethon/Italy -- R01/PHS HHS/ -- R01 CA112282/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112282-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):684-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07267. Epub 2008 Sep 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Laboratory, San Raffaele Science Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Nucleolus/metabolism ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; G1 Phase/drug effects ; Heterozygote ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Liver/cytology/growth & development ; Mice ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Oncogenes/genetics ; *Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational/drug effects ; Peptide Initiation Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/chemistry/metabolism ; *S Phase/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Genetics bill cruises through Senate (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 1;453(7191):9. doi: 10.1038/453009a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18461710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Federal Government ; Genetic Privacy/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Genetics, Medical/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Genomics/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; Humans ; Individuality ; *Prejudice ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Revamp for NIH grants (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 28;451(7182):1035. doi: 10.1038/4511035a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18305502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Organized/economics/*organization & administration ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/*organization & administration ; Peer Review, Research/*methods/trends ; Research Personnel ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Crunch time for peer review in lawsuit (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadman, Meredith -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 6;452(7183):6-7. doi: 10.1038/452006a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18322484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Celecoxib ; Confidentiality/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Drug Industry ; Humans ; *Isoxazoles/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Peer Review, Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Periodicals as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Pyrazoles/adverse effects/pharmacology ; *Sulfonamides/adverse effects/pharmacology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    NUMB controls p53 tumour suppressor activity (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-04
    Description: NUMB is a cell fate determinant, which, by asymmetrically partitioning at mitosis, controls cell fate choices by antagonising the activity of the plasma membrane receptor of the NOTCH family. NUMB is also an endocytic protein, and the NOTCH-NUMB counteraction has been linked to this function. There might be, however, additional functions of NUMB, as witnessed by its proposed role as a tumour suppressor in breast cancer. Here we describe a previously unknown function for human NUMB as a regulator of tumour protein p53 (also known as TP53). NUMB enters in a tricomplex with p53 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase HDM2 (also known as MDM2), thereby preventing ubiquitination and degradation of p53. This results in increased p53 protein levels and activity, and in regulation of p53-dependent phenotypes. In breast cancers there is frequent loss of NUMB expression. We show that, in primary breast tumour cells, this event causes decreased p53 levels and increased chemoresistance. In breast cancers, loss of NUMB expression causes increased activity of the receptor NOTCH. Thus, in these cancers, a single event-loss of NUMB expression-determines activation of an oncogene (NOTCH) and attenuation of the p53 tumour suppressor pathway. Biologically, this results in an aggressive tumour phenotype, as witnessed by findings that NUMB-defective breast tumours display poor prognosis. Our results uncover a previously unknown tumour suppressor circuitry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colaluca, Ivan N -- Tosoni, Daniela -- Nuciforo, Paolo -- Senic-Matuglia, Francesca -- Galimberti, Viviana -- Viale, Giuseppe -- Pece, Salvatore -- Di Fiore, Pier Paolo -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 3;451(7174):76-80. doi: 10.1038/nature06412.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IFOM, the FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18172499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Damage ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Prognosis ; Protein Binding ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Stem-cell futures (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 20;456(7220):282. doi: 10.1038/456282a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19020565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; Leadership ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; *Stem Cells/cytology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Translational control of the innate immune response through IRF-7 (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-15
    Description: Transcriptional activation of cytokines, such as type-I interferons (interferon (IFN)-alpha and IFN-beta), constitutes the first line of antiviral defence. Here we show that translational control is critical for induction of type-I IFN production. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking the translational repressors 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2, the threshold for eliciting type-I IFN production is lowered. Consequently, replication of encephalomyocarditis virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, influenza virus and Sindbis virus is markedly suppressed. Furthermore, mice with both 4E- and 4E-BP2 genes (also known as Eif4ebp1 and Eif4ebp2, respectively) knocked out are resistant to vesicular stomatitis virus infection, and this correlates with an enhanced type-I IFN production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and the expression of IFN-regulated genes in the lungs. The enhanced type-I IFN response in 4E-BP1-/- 4E-BP2-/- double knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts is caused by upregulation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (Irf7) messenger RNA translation. These findings highlight the role of 4E-BPs as negative regulators of type-I IFN production, via translational repression of Irf7 mRNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colina, Rodney -- Costa-Mattioli, Mauro -- Dowling, Ryan J O -- Jaramillo, Maritza -- Tai, Lee-Hwa -- Breitbach, Caroline J -- Martineau, Yvan -- Larsson, Ola -- Rong, Liwei -- Svitkin, Yuri V -- Makrigiannis, Andrew P -- Bell, John C -- Sonenberg, Nahum -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 20;452(7185):323-8. doi: 10.1038/nature06730. Epub 2008 Feb 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and McGill Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18272964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/virology ; Gene Deletion ; Immunity, Innate/genetics/*immunology ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Interferon Type I/biosynthesis/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Phosphoproteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/physiology ; Virus Physiological Phenomena ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Suppression of Myc oncogenic activity by ribosomal protein haploinsufficiency (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-18
    Description: The Myc oncogene regulates the expression of several components of the protein synthetic machinery, including ribosomal proteins, initiation factors of translation, RNA polymerase III and ribosomal DNA. Whether and how increasing the cellular protein synthesis capacity affects the multistep process leading to cancer remains to be addressed. Here we use ribosomal protein heterozygote mice as a genetic tool to restore increased protein synthesis in Emu-Myc/+ transgenic mice to normal levels, and show that the oncogenic potential of Myc in this context is suppressed. Our findings demonstrate that the ability of Myc to increase protein synthesis directly augments cell size and is sufficient to accelerate cell cycle progression independently of known cell cycle targets transcriptionally regulated by Myc. In addition, when protein synthesis is restored to normal levels, Myc-overexpressing precancerous cells are more efficiently eliminated by programmed cell death. Our findings reveal a new mechanism that links increases in general protein synthesis rates downstream of an oncogenic signal to a specific molecular impairment in the modality of translation initiation used to regulate the expression of selective messenger RNAs. We show that an aberrant increase in cap-dependent translation downstream of Myc hyperactivation specifically impairs the translational switch to internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-dependent translation that is required for accurate mitotic progression. Failure of this translational switch results in reduced mitotic-specific expression of the endogenous IRES-dependent form of Cdk11 (also known as Cdc2l and PITSLRE), which leads to cytokinesis defects and is associated with increased centrosome numbers and genome instability in Emu-Myc/+ mice. When accurate translational control is re-established in Emu-Myc/+ mice, genome instability is suppressed. Our findings demonstrate how perturbations in translational control provide a highly specific outcome for gene expression, genome stability and cancer initiation that have important implications for understanding the molecular mechanism of cancer formation at the post-genomic level.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880952/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2880952/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barna, Maria -- Pusic, Aya -- Zollo, Ornella -- Costa, Maria -- Kondrashov, Nadya -- Rego, Eduardo -- Rao, Pulivarthi H -- Ruggero, Davide -- R01 HL085572/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL085572-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 18;456(7224):971-5. doi: 10.1038/nature07449. Epub 2008 Nov 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, Rock Hall Room 384C, 1550 Fourth Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, USA. maria.barna@ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19011615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Division ; Cell Size ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokinesis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, myc/*genetics ; Genomic Instability ; Heterozygote ; Lymphoma/genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitosis ; Oncogene Protein p55(v-myc)/*genetics/*metabolism ; Precancerous Conditions/metabolism/pathology ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/*deficiency/*genetics
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    Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult human testis (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-14
    Description: Human primordial germ cells and mouse neonatal and adult germline stem cells are pluripotent and show similar properties to embryonic stem cells. Here we report the successful establishment of human adult germline stem cells derived from spermatogonial cells of adult human testis. Cellular and molecular characterization of these cells revealed many similarities to human embryonic stem cells, and the germline stem cells produced teratomas after transplantation into immunodeficient mice. The human adult germline stem cells differentiated into various types of somatic cells of all three germ layers when grown under conditions used to induce the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. We conclude that the generation of human adult germline stem cells from testicular biopsies may provide simple and non-controversial access to individual cell-based therapy without the ethical and immunological problems associated with human embryonic stem cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conrad, Sabine -- Renninger, Markus -- Hennenlotter, Jorg -- Wiesner, Tina -- Just, Lothar -- Bonin, Michael -- Aicher, Wilhelm -- Buhring, Hans-Jorg -- Mattheus, Ulrich -- Mack, Andreas -- Wagner, Hans-Joachim -- Minger, Stephen -- Matzkies, Matthias -- Reppel, Michael -- Hescheler, Jurgen -- Sievert, Karl-Dietrich -- Stenzl, Arnulf -- Skutella, Thomas -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 20;456(7220):344-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07404. Epub 2008 Oct 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Anatomy, Department of Experimental Embryology, Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18849962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Spermatogonia/cytology/ultrastructure ; Teratoma/pathology ; Testis/*cytology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Animals aren't drugs (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):2. doi: 10.1038/456002a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Biotechnology/legislation & jurisprudence ; Food, Genetically Modified/standards ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; *Legislation, Drug ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Beyond rocket science (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smaglik, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 5;453(7196):818-20. doi: 10.1038/nj7196-818a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18623624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academies and Institutes/*organization & administration/trends ; Alabama ; Biomedical Research/trends ; Biotechnology/*manpower/*organization & administration/trends ; Employment/trends ; Entrepreneurship/trends ; Humans ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/*trends ; Universities/manpower
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    A risk worth taking (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-31
    Description: An experiment by the Gates Foundation is food for thought for other research agencies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 30;455(7217):1150. doi: 10.1038/4551150a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; Creativity ; Foundations/*economics ; Humans ; Investments ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Peer Review, Research/*standards ; Research Support as Topic/*economics ; *Risk-Taking ; United States
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    America's choice (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-31
    Description: The values of scientific enquiry, rather than any particular policy positions on science, suggest a preference for one US presidential candidate over the other.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 30;455(7217):1149. doi: 10.1038/4551149a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18971969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Federal Government ; *Politics ; *Science/standards ; United States
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    Snapshot: Green ham (no eggs) (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):848. doi: 10.1038/455848a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Luminescence ; Mice ; *Nobel Prize ; *Research Personnel ; Swine ; United States
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    The earliest thymic progenitors for T cells possess myeloid lineage potential (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-11
    Description: There exists controversy over the nature of haematopoietic progenitors of T cells. Most T cells develop in the thymus, but the lineage potential of thymus-colonizing progenitors is unknown. One approach to resolving this question is to determine the lineage potentials of the earliest thymic progenitors (ETPs). Previous work has shown that ETPs possess T and natural killer lymphoid potentials, and rare subsets of ETPs also possess B lymphoid potential, suggesting an origin from lymphoid-restricted progenitor cells. However, whether ETPs also possess myeloid potential is unknown. Here we show that nearly all ETPs in adult mice possess both T and myeloid potential in clonal assays. The existence of progenitors possessing T and myeloid potential within the thymus is incompatible with the current dominant model of haematopoiesis, in which T cells are proposed to arise from lymphoid-. Our results indicate that alternative models for lineage commitment during haematopoiesis must be considered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, J Jeremiah -- Bhandoola, Avinash -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 10;452(7188):764-7. doi: 10.1038/nature06840.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18401411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Dendritic Cells/cytology ; Female ; Granulocytes/cytology ; *Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Macrophages/cytology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Myeloid Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Stromal Cells/cytology ; T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/metabolism ; Thymus Gland/*cytology
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    Egg shortage hits race to clone human stem cells (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maher, Brendan -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):828-9. doi: 10.1038/453828a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Oocyte Donation/*economics/ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & ; numerical data ; Ovum/cytology ; *Research Embryo Creation/economics/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *State Government ; United States
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    Polar bear numbers set to fall (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Courtland, Rachel -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 22;453(7194):432-3. doi: 10.1038/453432a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; *Greenhouse Effect ; *Ice Cover ; Internationality ; Population Density ; Time Factors ; United States ; Ursidae/*physiology
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    Oligopotent stem cells are distributed throughout the mammalian ocular surface (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-03
    Description: The integrity of the cornea, the most anterior part of the eye, is indispensable for vision. Forty-five million individuals worldwide are bilaterally blind and another 135 million have severely impaired vision in both eyes because of loss of corneal transparency; treatments range from local medications to corneal transplants, and more recently to stem cell therapy. The corneal epithelium is a squamous epithelium that is constantly renewing, with a vertical turnover of 7 to 14 days in many mammals. Identification of slow cycling cells (label-retaining cells) in the limbus of the mouse has led to the notion that the limbus is the niche for the stem cells responsible for the long-term renewal of the cornea; hence, the corneal epithelium is supposedly renewed by cells generated at and migrating from the limbus, in marked opposition to other squamous epithelia in which each resident stem cell has in charge a limited area of epithelium. Here we show that the corneal epithelium of the mouse can be serially transplanted, is self-maintained and contains oligopotent stem cells with the capacity to generate goblet cells if provided with a conjunctival environment. Furthermore, the entire ocular surface of the pig, including the cornea, contains oligopotent stem cells (holoclones) with the capacity to generate individual colonies of corneal and conjunctival cells. Therefore, the limbus is not the only niche for corneal stem cells and corneal renewal is not different from other squamous epithelia. We propose a model that unifies our observations with the literature and explains why the limbal region is enriched in stem cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Majo, Francois -- Rochat, Ariane -- Nicolas, Michael -- Jaoude, Georges Abou -- Barrandon, Yann -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 13;456(7219):250-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07406. Epub 2008 Oct 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Stem Cell Dynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne CH, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18830243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*cytology ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cells, Cultured ; Child, Preschool ; Clone Cells ; Corneal Transplantation ; Epithelium, Corneal/*cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Infant ; Keratinocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Models, Biological ; Multipotent Stem Cells/*cytology ; Proteins/metabolism ; Rats ; Swine
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    Cutaneous cancer stem cell maintenance is dependent on beta-catenin signalling (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-04
    Description: Continuous turnover of epithelia is ensured by the extensive self-renewal capacity of tissue-specific stem cells. Similarly, epithelial tumour maintenance relies on cancer stem cells (CSCs), which co-opt stem cell properties. For most tumours, the cellular origin of these CSCs and regulatory pathways essential for sustaining stemness have not been identified. In murine skin, follicular morphogenesis is driven by bulge stem cells that specifically express CD34. Here we identify a population of cells in early epidermal tumours characterized by phenotypic and functional similarities to normal bulge skin stem cells. This population contains CSCs, which are the only cells with tumour initiation properties. Transplants derived from these CSCs preserve the hierarchical organization of the primary tumour. We describe beta-catenin signalling as being essential in sustaining the CSC phenotype. Ablation of the beta-catenin gene results in the loss of CSCs and complete tumour regression. In addition, we provide evidence for the involvement of increased beta-catenin signalling in malignant human squamous cell carcinomas. Because Wnt/beta-catenin signalling is not essential for normal epidermal homeostasis, such a mechanistic difference may thus be targeted to eliminate CSCs and consequently eradicate squamous cell carcinomas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malanchi, Ilaria -- Peinado, Hector -- Kassen, Deepika -- Hussenet, Thomas -- Metzger, Daniel -- Chambon, Pierre -- Huber, Marcel -- Hohl, Daniel -- Cano, Amparo -- Birchmeier, Walter -- Huelsken, Joerg -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 3;452(7187):650-3. doi: 10.1038/nature06835.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne/ISREC (Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research) and National Center of Competence in Research Molecular Oncology, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18385740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD34/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Epidermis/pathology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/*metabolism/*pathology ; *Signal Transduction ; Skin Neoplasms/*pathology ; beta Catenin/*metabolism
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    New York to police air monitoring (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Courtland, Rachel -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 31;451(7178):508. doi: 10.1038/451508a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18235463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Law Enforcement ; New York City ; Police/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Security Measures/legislation & jurisprudence ; Terrorism/prevention & control ; Time Factors ; United States ; United States Department of Homeland Security/legislation & jurisprudence
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    Life after Zerhouni (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):565-6. doi: 10.1038/455565b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Leadership ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/ethics/*organization & ; administration/*trends ; United States
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    Military research: the Pentagon's culture wars (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinberger, Sharon -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):583-5. doi: 10.1038/455583a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afghanistan ; Anthropology ; Iraq ; Military Science/*methods ; Social Sciences/*trends ; United States
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    A question of balance (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):565. doi: 10.1038/455565a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18833221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Energy Resources/economics/*trends ; Economics/*trends ; *Federal Government ; Greenhouse Effect ; Technology/economics/*trends ; United States
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    America's new leadership (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):16. doi: 10.1038/456016a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Energy Resources/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; Leadership ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Research Personnel/economics/psychology ; Research Support as Topic/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; Science/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
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    America's fresh start (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):431. doi: 10.1038/455431a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Federal Government ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; *Politics ; Religion and Science ; Research Support as Topic ; Science/*economics/trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Defence research: still in the lead? (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinberger, Sharon -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):390-3. doi: 10.1038/451390a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bionics/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Internet ; Research/history/*trends ; Robotics/trends ; Security Measures/history/organization & administration/*trends ; Technology/history/*trends ; Terrorism/prevention & control ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics/history/organization & ; administration/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Innovative ideas (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 18;455(7211):273. doi: 10.1038/455273b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18800096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Competitive Behavior ; *Creativity ; *Federal Government ; Leadership ; United States
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    US election: Not the best advice (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):453. doi: 10.1038/455453a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Confidentiality ; *Federal Government ; Science/*organization & administration/trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Big data: Data wrangling (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 4;455(7209):15. doi: 10.1038/455015a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉House Committee on Science. partyofone@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18769410" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring/economics ; *Federal Government ; *Politics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Financial planning (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 7;454(7205):680. doi: 10.1038/454680a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉House Committee on Science. partyofonecolumn@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18685673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets/*legislation & jurisprudence/*trends ; *Federal Government ; *Politics ; Research Support as Topic/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Science/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Time Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Getting it across (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 3;454(7200):16. doi: 10.1038/454016a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University's Center for the Environment, USA. partyofonecolumn@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Federal Government ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Lobbying ; Oceans and Seas ; Policy Making ; Seawater/*chemistry ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    A delicate balance (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):838. doi: 10.1038/453838a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University's Center for the Environment, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Technology Transfer ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Eyewitness identification: line-ups on trial (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spinney, Laura -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 22;453(7194):442-4. doi: 10.1038/453442a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crime/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Criminal Law/*methods/standards ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Police ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Research ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Hazy reasoning behind clean air (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 3;452(7187):519. doi: 10.1038/452519a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard University's Center for the Environment. partyofonecolumn@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18385707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollution/analysis/*legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; Ozone/analysis/toxicity ; Plants/drug effects ; Smog/analysis/prevention & control ; Time Factors ; Uncertainty ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Profile: Learning from death (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wenner, Melinda -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):271-3. doi: 10.1038/453271a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Apoptosis ; Caspases/metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Kenya ; Neoplasms/pathology/therapy ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; United States
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    A debatable proposition (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 7;451(7179):621. doi: 10.1038/451621a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18256639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets/trends ; *Federal Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Persuasive Communication ; *Politics ; *Science/economics ; United States
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    SAP-controlled T-B cell interactions underlie germinal centre formation (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-10
    Description: Generation of long-term antibody-mediated immunity depends on the germinal centre reaction, which requires cooperation between antigen-specific T and B lymphocytes. In human X-linked lymphoproliferative disease and its gene-targeted mouse model, loss-of-function mutations in signalling lymphocyte activation molecule-associated protein (SAP, encoded by SH2D1a) cause a profound defect in germinal centre formation by an as yet unknown mechanism. Here, using two-photon intravital imaging, we show that SAP deficiency selectively impairs the ability of CD4(+) T cells to stably interact with cognate B cells but not antigen-presenting dendritic cells. This selective defect results in a failure of antigen-specific B cells to receive adequate levels of contact-dependent T-cell help to expand normally, despite Sap(-/-) T cells exhibiting the known characteristics of otherwise competent helper T cells. Furthermore, the lack of stable interactions with B cells renders Sap(-/-) T cells unable to be efficiently recruited to and retained in a nascent germinal centre to sustain the germinal centre reaction. These results offer an explanation for the germinal centre defect due to SAP deficiency and provide new insights into the bi-directional communication between cognate T and B cells in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2652134/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2652134/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qi, Hai -- Cannons, Jennifer L -- Klauschen, Frederick -- Schwartzberg, Pamela L -- Germain, Ronald N -- Z01 AI000545-19/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 9;455(7214):764-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07345.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18843362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*cytology/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/*immunology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Communication ; Cells, Cultured ; Chimera/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Germinal Center/*cytology/*immunology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice
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    Shattered illusions (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldston, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 24;451(7177):387. doi: 10.1038/451387a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18216824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets/trends ; *Federal Government ; Lobbying ; Politics ; Research/*economics ; Research Support as Topic/*economics ; United States
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    Doubly endangered (2008)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1029. doi: 10.1038/4541029a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18756202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; Ecology/*legislation & jurisprudence/methods ; Ecosystem ; *Federal Government ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/legislation & jurisprudence
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    Identification of a serotonin/glutamate receptor complex implicated in psychosis (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-26
    Description: The psychosis associated with schizophrenia is characterized by alterations in sensory processing and perception. Some antipsychotic drugs were identified by their high affinity for serotonin 5-HT2A receptors (2AR). Drugs that interact with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) also have potential for the treatment of schizophrenia. The effects of hallucinogenic drugs, such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide, require the 2AR and resemble some of the core symptoms of schizophrenia. Here we show that the mGluR2 interacts through specific transmembrane helix domains with the 2AR, a member of an unrelated G-protein-coupled receptor family, to form functional complexes in brain cortex. The 2AR-mGluR2 complex triggers unique cellular responses when targeted by hallucinogenic drugs, and activation of mGluR2 abolishes hallucinogen-specific signalling and behavioural responses. In post-mortem human brain from untreated schizophrenic subjects, the 2AR is upregulated and the mGluR2 is downregulated, a pattern that could predispose to psychosis. These regulatory changes indicate that the 2AR-mGluR2 complex may be involved in the altered cortical processes of schizophrenia, and this complex is therefore a promising new target for the treatment of psychosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2743172/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2743172/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gonzalez-Maeso, Javier -- Ang, Rosalind L -- Yuen, Tony -- Chan, Pokman -- Weisstaub, Noelia V -- Lopez-Gimenez, Juan F -- Zhou, Mingming -- Okawa, Yuuya -- Callado, Luis F -- Milligan, Graeme -- Gingrich, Jay A -- Filizola, Marta -- Meana, J Javier -- Sealfon, Stuart C -- G9811527/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P01 DA012923/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA012923-06A10004/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- T32 DA007135/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- T32 DA007135-25S1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM062754/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 6;452(7183):93-7. doi: 10.1038/nature06612. Epub 2008 Feb 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. javier.maeso@mssm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18297054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Hallucinogens/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/analysis/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/analysis/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Schizophrenia/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Up-Regulation
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    Case not closed (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):917. doi: 10.1038/454917a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthrax ; Bioterrorism/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Forensic Sciences/*standards ; Law Enforcement/*ethics ; Research Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Suicide ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/legislation & jurisprudence
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    Japan fast-tracks stem-cell patent (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cyranoski, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 18;455(7211):269. doi: 10.1038/455269b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18800093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Humans ; Internationality ; Japan ; Mice ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Time Factors ; United States ; Universities
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    Japan ramps up patent effort to keep iPS lead (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cyranoski, David -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 19;453(7198):962-3. doi: 10.1038/453962a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18563108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Humans ; Japan ; Mice ; *Patents as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; United States
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    Changing the rules won't stop the rise of a new superpower (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maseland, Robbert -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 11;455(7210):167. doi: 10.1038/455167c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Competitive Behavior ; Creativity ; Europe ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Internationality ; Science/history/*standards/trends ; United States
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    Obituary: George Emil Palade (1912-2008) (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blobel, Gunter -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):52. doi: 10.1038/456052a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gunter Blobel is at the Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA. blobel@mail.rockefeller.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Physiological Phenomena ; History, 20th Century ; Microscopy, Electron/history ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; Romania ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neural palmitoyl-proteomics reveals dynamic synaptic palmitoylation (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-12-19
    Description: Palmitoylation regulates diverse aspects of neuronal protein trafficking and function. Here a global characterization of rat neural palmitoyl-proteomes identifies most of the known neural palmitoyl proteins-68 in total, plus more than 200 new palmitoyl-protein candidates, with further testing confirming palmitoylation for 21 of these candidates. The new palmitoyl proteins include neurotransmitter receptors, transporters, adhesion molecules, scaffolding proteins, as well as SNAREs and other vesicular trafficking proteins. Of particular interest is the finding of palmitoylation for a brain-specific Cdc42 splice variant. The palmitoylated Cdc42 isoform (Cdc42-palm) differs from the canonical, prenylated form (Cdc42-prenyl), both with regard to localization and function: Cdc42-palm concentrates in dendritic spines and has a special role in inducing these post-synaptic structures. Furthermore, assessing palmitoylation dynamics in drug-induced activity models identifies rapidly induced changes for Cdc42 as well as for other synaptic palmitoyl proteins, suggesting that palmitoylation may participate broadly in the activity-driven changes that shape synapse morphology and function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610860/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610860/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kang, Rujun -- Wan, Junmei -- Arstikaitis, Pamela -- Takahashi, Hideto -- Huang, Kun -- Bailey, Aaron O -- Thompson, James X -- Roth, Amy F -- Drisdel, Renaldo C -- Mastro, Ryan -- Green, William N -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Davis, Nicholas G -- El-Husseini, Alaa -- DA019695/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA13602/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM65525/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS043782/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA019695/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA019695-01A20001/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA019695-020001/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602-02S1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602-02S2/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602-03/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013602-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS032693/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS032693-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS043782/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS043782-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS043782-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS043782-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS043782-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS043782-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R56 NS043782/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R56 NS043782-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR011823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 18;456(7224):904-9. doi: 10.1038/nature07605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada. rkang@interchange.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19092927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing/genetics ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/embryology ; Dendrites/metabolism ; *Lipoylation ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Proteome/metabolism ; *Proteomics ; Rats ; Synapses/*metabolism ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/genetics/metabolism
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    Obituary: Joshua Lederberg (1925-2008) (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blumberg, Baruch S -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 27;452(7186):422. doi: 10.1038/452422a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Baruch S. Blumberg is at the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111-2497, USA.baruch.blumberg@fccc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18368111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Exobiology/history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Nobel Prize ; Plasmids/genetics/history ; Transduction, Genetic/history ; United States
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    US Senate approves $48 billion global AIDS funding (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):381. doi: 10.1038/454381e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*economics ; Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Federal Government ; Humans ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Mind the gaps (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):368. doi: 10.1038/454368a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Environmental Monitoring ; *Federal Government ; *Greenhouse Effect ; United States
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    Angiogenesis selectively requires the p110alpha isoform of PI3K to control endothelial cell migration (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-02
    Description: Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) signal downstream of multiple cell-surface receptor types. Class IA PI3K isoforms couple to tyrosine kinases and consist of a p110 catalytic subunit (p110alpha, p110beta or p110delta), constitutively bound to one of five distinct p85 regulatory subunits. PI3Ks have been implicated in angiogenesis, but little is known about potential selectivity among the PI3K isoforms and their mechanism of action in endothelial cells during angiogenesis in vivo. Here we show that only p110alpha activity is essential for vascular development. Ubiquitous or endothelial cell-specific inactivation of p110alpha led to embryonic lethality at mid-gestation because of severe defects in angiogenic sprouting and vascular remodelling. p110alpha exerts this critical endothelial cell-autonomous function by regulating endothelial cell migration through the small GTPase RhoA. p110alpha activity is particularly high in endothelial cells and preferentially induced by tyrosine kinase ligands (such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A). In contrast, p110beta in endothelial cells signals downstream of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands such as SDF-1alpha, whereas p110delta is expressed at low level and contributes only minimally to PI3K activity in endothelial cells. These results provide the first in vivo evidence for p110-isoform selectivity in endothelial PI3K signalling during angiogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graupera, Mariona -- Guillermet-Guibert, Julie -- Foukas, Lazaros C -- Phng, Li-Kun -- Cain, Robert J -- Salpekar, Ashreena -- Pearce, Wayne -- Meek, Stephen -- Millan, Jaime -- Cutillas, Pedro R -- Smith, Andrew J H -- Ridley, Anne J -- Ruhrberg, Christiana -- Gerhardt, Holger -- Vanhaesebroeck, Bart -- BB/C505659/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/C505659/2/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0601093/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0601093(79633)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0700711/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 29;453(7195):662-6. doi: 10.1038/nature06892. Epub 2008 Apr 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Cell Signalling, Institute of Cancer, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18449193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Endothelial Cells/*cytology/*enzymology ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/pharmacology ; Wounds and Injuries ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
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    Climate first for Obama transition team (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witze, Alexandra -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 13;456(7219):146-7. doi: 10.1038/456146a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19005517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Federal Government ; *Greenhouse Effect ; *Policy Making ; United States
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    A social contract (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 10;454(7201):138. doi: 10.1038/454138a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18615027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afghanistan ; Culture ; Iraq ; Military Personnel/education ; Military Science/*methods ; *Social Sciences ; United States ; Warfare
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    Palaeontology: School of rock (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):858-60. doi: 10.1038/455858a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaeology/legislation & jurisprudence ; Dinosaurs ; *Fossils ; Humans ; *Indians, North American/education ; Paleontology/education/*legislation & jurisprudence/manpower ; United States
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    US election: The home stretch (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witze, Alexandra -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):442-5. doi: 10.1038/455442a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryo Research ; *Federal Government ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Science/economics/*organization & administration/trends ; Space Flight/trends ; Stem Cells ; Technology/economics/*organization & administration/trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Scientists urged to plan for the next US president (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witze, Alexandra -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):875. doi: 10.1038/451875a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18288150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Federal Government ; Lobbying ; *Research Personnel ; Science/*organization & administration ; United States
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    Mechanism of shape determination in motile cells (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: The shape of motile cells is determined by many dynamic processes spanning several orders of magnitude in space and time, from local polymerization of actin monomers at subsecond timescales to global, cell-scale geometry that may persist for hours. Understanding the mechanism of shape determination in cells has proved to be extremely challenging due to the numerous components involved and the complexity of their interactions. Here we harness the natural phenotypic variability in a large population of motile epithelial keratocytes from fish (Hypsophrys nicaraguensis) to reveal mechanisms of shape determination. We find that the cells inhabit a low-dimensional, highly correlated spectrum of possible functional states. We further show that a model of actin network treadmilling in an inextensible membrane bag can quantitatively recapitulate this spectrum and predict both cell shape and speed. Our model provides a simple biochemical and biophysical basis for the observed morphology and behaviour of motile cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2877812/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2877812/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keren, Kinneret -- Pincus, Zachary -- Allen, Greg M -- Barnhart, Erin L -- Marriott, Gerard -- Mogilner, Alex -- Theriot, Julie A -- U54 GM064346/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM064346-099040/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM64346/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 22;453(7194):475-80. doi: 10.1038/nature06952.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/chemistry/metabolism ; Actins/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Movement/*physiology ; Cell Shape/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cichlids ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology ; Models, Biological ; Pseudopodia/metabolism ; Time Factors
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    A role for VEGF as a negative regulator of pericyte function and vessel maturation (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-11
    Description: Angiogenesis does not only depend on endothelial cell invasion and proliferation: it also requires pericyte coverage of vascular sprouts for vessel stabilization. These processes are coordinated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) through their cognate receptors on endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), respectively. PDGF induces neovascularization by priming VSMCs/pericytes to release pro-angiogenic mediators. Although VEGF directly stimulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration, its role in pericyte biology is less clear. Here we define a role for VEGF as an inhibitor of neovascularization on the basis of its capacity to disrupt VSMC function. Specifically, under conditions of PDGF-mediated angiogenesis, VEGF ablates pericyte coverage of nascent vascular sprouts, leading to vessel destabilization. At the molecular level, VEGF-mediated activation of VEGF-R2 suppresses PDGF-Rbeta signalling in VSMCs through the assembly of a previously undescribed receptor complex consisting of PDGF-Rbeta and VEGF-R2. Inhibition of VEGF-R2 not only prevents assembly of this receptor complex but also restores angiogenesis in tissues exposed to both VEGF and PDGF. Finally, genetic deletion of tumour cell VEGF disrupts PDGF-Rbeta/VEGF-R2 complex formation and increases tumour vessel maturation. These findings underscore the importance of VSMCs/pericytes in neovascularization and reveal a dichotomous role for VEGF and VEGF-R2 signalling as both a promoter of endothelial cell function and a negative regulator of VSMCs and vessel maturation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605188/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605188/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greenberg, Joshua I -- Shields, David J -- Barillas, Samuel G -- Acevedo, Lisette M -- Murphy, Eric -- Huang, Jianhua -- Scheppke, Lea -- Stockmann, Christian -- Johnson, Randall S -- Angle, Niren -- Cheresh, David A -- GM 68524/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA078045/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA078045-050004/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA078045-100004/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA078045-109001/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095262/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095262-06/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA118165/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL078912/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL078912-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA129660/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA129660-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA050286/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA050286-19/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA050286-20/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37-CA082515/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37-CA50286/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 11;456(7223):809-13. doi: 10.1038/nature07424. Epub 2008 Nov 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Moore's UCSD Cancer Center, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18997771" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood Vessels/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibrosarcoma/blood supply ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Nude ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects/*physiology ; Pericytes/drug effects/*metabolism ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*metabolism
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    Business: stepping out (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 13;452(7184):146. doi: 10.1038/452146a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18337794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biotechnology/*economics ; Consultants/statistics & numerical data ; *Faculty ; Human Growth Hormone/economics ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/*statistics & numerical data ; Research Personnel/economics ; *Technology Transfer ; United States ; Universities/*economics/manpower
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    Networks: teasing out the missing links (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redner, Sid -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 1;453(7191):47-8. doi: 10.1038/453047a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Friends ; Internet ; *Models, Biological ; *Probability ; Protein Binding ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism ; Schools ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Social Behavior ; United States
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    Archaeology: bones, isles and videotape (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 17;452(7189):806-8. doi: 10.1038/452806a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18431826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/history ; Animals ; Body Size ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Diet/history ; Dwarfism ; *Fossils ; *Geography ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*classification ; Humans ; *Motion Pictures as Topic ; Palau ; United States
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    Pluripotent stem cells induced from adult neural stem cells by reprogramming with two factors (2008)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-07-03
    Description: Reprogramming of somatic cells is a valuable tool to understand the mechanisms of regaining pluripotency and further opens up the possibility of generating patient-specific pluripotent stem cells. Reprogramming of mouse and human somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, designated as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, has been possible with the expression of the transcription factor quartet Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1), Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4 (refs 1-11). Considering that ectopic expression of c-Myc causes tumorigenicity in offspring and that retroviruses themselves can cause insertional mutagenesis, the generation of iPS cells with a minimal number of factors may hasten the clinical application of this approach. Here we show that adult mouse neural stem cells express higher endogenous levels of Sox2 and c-Myc than embryonic stem cells, and that exogenous Oct4 together with either Klf4 or c-Myc is sufficient to generate iPS cells from neural stem cells. These two-factor iPS cells are similar to embryonic stem cells at the molecular level, contribute to development of the germ line, and form chimaeras. We propose that, in inducing pluripotency, the number of reprogramming factors can be reduced when using somatic cells that endogenously express appropriate levels of complementing factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jeong Beom -- Zaehres, Holm -- Wu, Guangming -- Gentile, Luca -- Ko, Kinarm -- Sebastiano, Vittorio -- Arauzo-Bravo, Marcos J -- Ruau, David -- Han, Dong Wook -- Zenke, Martin -- Scholer, Hans R -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 31;454(7204):646-50. doi: 10.1038/nature07061. Epub 2008 Jun 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Rontgenstrasse 20, 48149 Munster, NRW, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18594515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Chimera ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, myc/genetics ; HMGB Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurons/*cytology ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transduction, Genetic
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    Fossil reptiles mired in controversy (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 31;451(7178):510. doi: 10.1038/451510a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18235465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alligators and Crocodiles/classification ; Animals ; *Classification ; Dinosaurs/classification ; *Fossils ; Museums ; Paleontology/ethics/*standards ; Poland ; Reptiles/*classification ; *Scientific Misconduct ; *Terminology as Topic ; United States
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    Genome-scale DNA methylation maps of pluripotent and differentiated cells (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-05
    Description: DNA methylation is essential for normal development and has been implicated in many pathologies including cancer. Our knowledge about the genome-wide distribution of DNA methylation, how it changes during cellular differentiation and how it relates to histone methylation and other chromatin modifications in mammals remains limited. Here we report the generation and analysis of genome-scale DNA methylation profiles at nucleotide resolution in mammalian cells. Using high-throughput reduced representation bisulphite sequencing and single-molecule-based sequencing, we generated DNA methylation maps covering most CpG islands, and a representative sampling of conserved non-coding elements, transposons and other genomic features, for mouse embryonic stem cells, embryonic-stem-cell-derived and primary neural cells, and eight other primary tissues. Several key findings emerge from the data. First, DNA methylation patterns are better correlated with histone methylation patterns than with the underlying genome sequence context. Second, methylation of CpGs are dynamic epigenetic marks that undergo extensive changes during cellular differentiation, particularly in regulatory regions outside of core promoters. Third, analysis of embryonic-stem-cell-derived and primary cells reveals that 'weak' CpG islands associated with a specific set of developmentally regulated genes undergo aberrant hypermethylation during extended proliferation in vitro, in a pattern reminiscent of that reported in some primary tumours. More generally, the results establish reduced representation bisulphite sequencing as a powerful technology for epigenetic profiling of cell populations relevant to developmental biology, cancer and regenerative medicine.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2896277/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2896277/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meissner, Alexander -- Mikkelsen, Tarjei S -- Gu, Hongcang -- Wernig, Marius -- Hanna, Jacob -- Sivachenko, Andrey -- Zhang, Xiaolan -- Bernstein, Bradley E -- Nusbaum, Chad -- Jaffe, David B -- Gnirke, Andreas -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Lander, Eric S -- R01 HG004401/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004401-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067-06/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 7;454(7205):766-70. doi: 10.1038/nature07107. Epub 2008 Jul 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18600261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Conserved Sequence ; CpG Islands/genetics ; *DNA Methylation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Genome/genetics ; *Genomics ; Histones/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Neurons/cytology ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism
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    FBI to reveal anthrax data (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dance, Amber -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 21;454(7207):928. doi: 10.1038/454928a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18754132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthrax ; Bacillus anthracis/classification/genetics ; Bioterrorism/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Forensic Sciences/methods/standards ; Humans ; Peer Review ; *Publishing ; Research Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Suicide ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Panel urges further review of controversial NIH lab (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):837. doi: 10.1038/453837c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Boston ; Containment of Biohazards/*standards ; Laboratories/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Risk Assessment ; United States
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    Death renews biosecurity debate (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dance, Amber -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 7;454(7205):672. doi: 10.1038/454672a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18685659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthrax/prevention & control ; Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; *Research Personnel/psychology/standards ; Security Measures/ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Suicide ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    This time it's personal (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 5;453(7196):697. doi: 10.1038/453697a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18528339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genome, Human ; Genomics/*trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.)/history/*organization & ; administration/trends ; United States
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    Integrity: how to measure breaches effectively (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swazey, Judith P -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 31;454(7204):575; author reply 575. doi: 10.1038/454575a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18668084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Data Collection/*methods ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Research Design ; Scientific Misconduct/*statistics & numerical data ; United States
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    On the campaign trail (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 5;453(7196):697-8. doi: 10.1038/453697b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18528338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Federal Government ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Nuclear Weapons/legislation & jurisprudence ; Science/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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    Imaging of Rab5 activity identifies essential regulators for phagosome maturation (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-04
    Description: Efficient phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is crucial for tissue homeostasis and the immune response. Rab5 is known as a key regulator of the early endocytic pathway and we have recently shown that Rab5 is also implicated in apoptotic cell engulfment; however, the precise spatio-temporal dynamics of Rab5 activity remain unknown. Here, using a newly developed fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor, we describe a change in Rab5 activity during the engulfment of apoptotic thymocytes. Rab5 activity on phagosome membranes began to increase on disassembly of the actin coat encapsulating phagosomes. Rab5 activation was either continuous or repetitive for up to 10 min, but it ended before the collapse of engulfed apoptotic cells. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of Rab5 delayed this collapse of apoptotic thymocytes, showing a role for Rab5 in phagosome maturation. Disruption of microtubules with nocodazole inhibited Rab5 activation on the phagosome membrane without perturbing the engulfment of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, we found that Gapex-5 is the guanine nucleotide exchange factor essential for Rab5 activation during the engulfment of apoptotic cells. Gapex-5 was bound to a microtubule-tip-associating protein, EB1, whose depletion inhibited Rab5 activation during phagocytosis. We therefore propose a mechanistic model in which the recruitment of Gapex-5 to phagosomes through the microtubule network induces the transient Rab5 activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kitano, Masahiro -- Nakaya, Michio -- Nakamura, Takeshi -- Nagata, Shigekazu -- Matsuda, Michiyuki -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):241-5. doi: 10.1038/nature06857. Epub 2008 Apr 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18385674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cells, Cultured ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Genes, Dominant ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubules/drug effects ; Nocodazole/pharmacology ; Phagocytosis/drug effects ; Phagosomes/drug effects/*metabolism ; Swiss 3T3 Cells ; Thymus Gland/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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    Obituary: M. Judah Folkman (1933-2008) (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-02-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klagsbrun, Michael -- Moses, Marsha A -- England -- Nature. 2008 Feb 14;451(7180):781. doi: 10.1038/451781a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. michael.klagsbrun@childrens.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18273010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Awards and Prizes ; Biomarkers ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*blood supply/drug therapy ; *Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy ; United States
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    Trials on trial (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 May 22;453(7194):427-8. doi: 10.1038/453427b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic/*ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence/standards ; Developing Countries ; *Helsinki Declaration ; Humans ; Infant ; International Cooperation ; Placebos ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/ethics/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    IL-21 and TGF-beta are required for differentiation of human T(H)17 cells (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-13
    Description: The recent discovery of CD4(+) T cells characterized by secretion of interleukin (IL)-17 (T(H)17 cells) and the naturally occurring regulatory FOXP3(+) CD4 T cell (nT(reg)) has had a major impact on our understanding of immune processes not readily explained by the T(H)1/T(H)2 paradigm. T(H)17 and nT(reg) cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. Our recent data and the work of others demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and IL-6 are responsible for the differentiation of naive mouse T cells into T(H)17 cells, and it has been proposed that IL-23 may have a critical role in stabilization of the T(H)17 phenotype. A second pathway has been discovered in which a combination of TGF-beta and IL-21 is capable of inducing differentiation of mouse T(H)17 cells in the absence of IL-6 (refs 6-8). However, TGF-beta and IL-6 are not capable of differentiating human T(H)17 cells and it has been suggested that TGF-beta may in fact suppress the generation of human T(H)17 cells. Instead, it has been recently shown that the cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-23 are capable of driving IL-17 secretion in short-term CD4(+) T cell lines isolated from human peripheral blood, although the factors required for differentiation of naive human CD4 to T(H)17 cells are still unknown. Here we confirm that whereas IL-1beta and IL-6 induce IL-17A secretion from human central memory CD4(+) T cells, TGF-beta and IL-21 uniquely promote the differentiation of human naive CD4(+) T cells into T(H)17 cells accompanied by expression of the transcription factor RORC2. These data will allow the investigation of this new population of T(H)17 cells in human inflammatory disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2760130/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2760130/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Li -- Anderson, David E -- Baecher-Allan, Clare -- Hastings, William D -- Bettelli, Estelle -- Oukka, Mohamed -- Kuchroo, Vijay K -- Hafler, David A -- P01 AI039671/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI039671-14/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS038037/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS038037-080006/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI073542/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI073542-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI073542-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI073542-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS024247/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS024247-20/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI070352/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI070352-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 17;454(7202):350-2. doi: 10.1038/nature07021. Epub 2008 May 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Immunology, Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18469800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-17/metabolism ; Interleukins/*metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*cytology/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/*metabolism
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    Stuck in the mud (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):258. doi: 10.1038/453258a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; *Environmental Monitoring/legislation & jurisprudence ; Fertilizers/*adverse effects/toxicity ; Humans ; Sewage/*adverse effects/statistics & numerical data ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    The public needs to know social benefits of vaccination (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robbins, Anthony -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 15;453(7193):281. doi: 10.1038/453281b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Great Britain ; *Health Education/history ; *Health Policy/history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage/history ; *Public Opinion ; United States ; Vaccination/contraindications/history/*utilization
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    Postdoc glut means academic pathway needs an overhaul (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brooks, Ian M -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1049. doi: 10.1038/4541049a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18756230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Mobility ; Education, Graduate/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Research Personnel/education/*statistics & numerical data ; United States
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    Too close for comfort. Nancy Haigwood is interviewed by Rex Dalton (2008)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haigwood, Nancy -- England -- Nature. 2008 Aug 28;454(7208):1039. doi: 10.1038/4541039a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18756221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthrax ; Bioterrorism/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Postal Service ; Research Personnel/*psychology ; Suicide ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The gathering storm rages on (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):133-4. doi: 10.1038/453133b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18464686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Competitive Behavior ; Engineering/economics/standards ; *Federal Government ; Physics/economics/standards ; Research/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Obituary: John Templeton (1912-2008) (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Andrew -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 17;454(7202):290. doi: 10.1038/454290a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Andrew Brown is a writer on science and religion. laptop@thewormbook.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18633408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bahamas ; Fund Raising/*history ; History, 20th Century ; *Religion and Science ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A skin microRNA promotes differentiation by repressing 'stemness' (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-04
    Description: In stratified epithelial tissues, homeostasis relies on the self-renewing capacity of stem cells located within the innermost basal layer. As basal cells become suprabasal, they lose proliferative potential and embark on a terminal differentiation programme. Here, we show that microRNA-203 is induced in the skin concomitantly with stratification and differentiation. By altering miR-203's spatiotemporal expression in vivo, we show that miR-203 promotes epidermal differentiation by restricting proliferative potential and inducing cell-cycle exit. We identify p63 as one of the conserved targets of miR-203 across vertebrates. Notably, p63 is an essential regulator of stem-cell maintenance in stratified epithelial tissues. We show that miR-203 directly represses the expression of p63: it fails to switch off suprabasally when either Dicer1 or miR-203 is absent and it becomes repressed basally when miR-203 is prematurely expressed. Our findings suggest that miR-203 defines a molecular boundary between proliferative basal progenitors and terminally differentiating suprabasal cells, ensuring proper identity of neighbouring layers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4346711/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4346711/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yi, Rui -- Poy, Matthew N -- Stoffel, Markus -- Fuchs, Elaine -- R01 AR050452/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 13;452(7184):225-9. doi: 10.1038/nature06642. Epub 2008 Mar 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18311128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Cycle ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Computational Biology ; Epidermis/cytology/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Keratinocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Skin/*cytology/*metabolism ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Zebrafish/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    China: The end of the science superpowers (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers Hollingsworth, J -- Muller, Karl H -- Hollingsworth, Ellen Jane -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):412-3. doi: 10.1038/454412a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Wisconsin (Madison), 455 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. hollingsjr@aol.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Europe ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Science/economics/*history/standards/*trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
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    The ground state of embryonic stem cell self-renewal (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: In the three decades since pluripotent mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells were first described they have been derived and maintained by using various empirical combinations of feeder cells, conditioned media, cytokines, growth factors, hormones, fetal calf serum, and serum extracts. Consequently ES-cell self-renewal is generally considered to be dependent on multifactorial stimulation of dedicated transcriptional circuitries, pre-eminent among which is the activation of STAT3 by cytokines (ref. 8). Here we show, however, that extrinsic stimuli are dispensable for the derivation, propagation and pluripotency of ES cells. Self-renewal is enabled by the elimination of differentiation-inducing signalling from mitogen-activated protein kinase. Additional inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 consolidates biosynthetic capacity and suppresses residual differentiation. Complete bypass of cytokine signalling is confirmed by isolating ES cells genetically devoid of STAT3. These findings reveal that ES cells have an innate programme for self-replication that does not require extrinsic instruction. This property may account for their latent tumorigenicity. The delineation of minimal requirements for self-renewal now provides a defined platform for the precise description and dissection of the pluripotent state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ying, Qi-Long -- Wray, Jason -- Nichols, Jennifer -- Batlle-Morera, Laura -- Doble, Bradley -- Woodgett, James -- Cohen, Philip -- Smith, Austin -- 12043/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- 12858/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- G15381/2/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9806702/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U127084348/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 22;453(7194):519-23. doi: 10.1038/nature06968.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, ZNI 529, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA. qying@keck.usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzamides/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Diphenylamine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Pyrimidines/pharmacology ; Regeneration/drug effects/*physiology ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/deficiency/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ready or not (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-04-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 10;452(7188):666. doi: 10.1038/452666a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18401360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genetic Testing/economics/standards/*trends ; Humans ; Internationality ; Registries ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Charitable bodies hit by credit crisis (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brumfiel, Geoff -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 9;455(7214):712-3. doi: 10.1038/455712b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18843320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Europe ; Fund Raising/*economics ; Housing/economics ; Internationality ; Research Support as Topic/*economics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Meetings that changed the world: Santa Fe 1986: Human genome baby-steps (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLisi, Charles -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 16;455(7215):876-7. doi: 10.1038/455876a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Boston University, USA. delisi@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Congresses as Topic/*history ; Environmental Pollution/adverse effects ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human ; Genomics/economics/history ; History, 20th Century ; Human Genome Project/economics/*history ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/history ; New Mexico ; Politics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    MicroRNA-21 contributes to myocardial disease by stimulating MAP kinase signalling in fibroblasts (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-12-02
    Description: MicroRNAs comprise a broad class of small non-coding RNAs that control expression of complementary target messenger RNAs. Dysregulation of microRNAs by several mechanisms has been described in various disease states including cardiac disease. Whereas previous studies of cardiac disease have focused on microRNAs that are primarily expressed in cardiomyocytes, the role of microRNAs expressed in other cell types of the heart is unclear. Here we show that microRNA-21 (miR-21, also known as Mirn21) regulates the ERK-MAP kinase signalling pathway in cardiac fibroblasts, which has impacts on global cardiac structure and function. miR-21 levels are increased selectively in fibroblasts of the failing heart, augmenting ERK-MAP kinase activity through inhibition of sprouty homologue 1 (Spry1). This mechanism regulates fibroblast survival and growth factor secretion, apparently controlling the extent of interstitial fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy. In vivo silencing of miR-21 by a specific antagomir in a mouse pressure-overload-induced disease model reduces cardiac ERK-MAP kinase activity, inhibits interstitial fibrosis and attenuates cardiac dysfunction. These findings reveal that microRNAs can contribute to myocardial disease by an effect in cardiac fibroblasts. Our results validate miR-21 as a disease target in heart failure and establish the therapeutic efficacy of microRNA therapeutic intervention in a cardiovascular disease setting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thum, Thomas -- Gross, Carina -- Fiedler, Jan -- Fischer, Thomas -- Kissler, Stephan -- Bussen, Markus -- Galuppo, Paolo -- Just, Steffen -- Rottbauer, Wolfgang -- Frantz, Stefan -- Castoldi, Mirco -- Soutschek, Jurgen -- Koteliansky, Victor -- Rosenwald, Andreas -- Basson, M Albert -- Licht, Jonathan D -- Pena, John T R -- Rouhanifard, Sara H -- Muckenthaler, Martina U -- Tuschl, Thomas -- Martin, Gail R -- Bauersachs, Johann -- Engelhardt, Stefan -- R01 CA059998/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA78711/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 18;456(7224):980-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07511. Epub 2008 Nov 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine I, Interdisziplinares Zentrum fur Klinische Forschung (IZKF), University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19043405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cardiomyopathies/*genetics/*metabolism/pathology/therapy ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/*metabolism ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; MicroRNAs/*genetics ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology/metabolism ; Rats
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    Warning signs (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 20;452(7185):254. doi: 10.1038/452254a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18354433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amputation ; Drug Industry/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug Labeling/*legislation & jurisprudence/*standards ; Female ; Humans ; Promethazine/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Risk Assessment ; *Supreme Court Decisions ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/legislation & jurisprudence/standards
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    A new relationship (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Destler, Bill -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):853-4. doi: 10.1038/453853a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rochester Institute of Technology, One Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623-5603, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18548050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Competitive Behavior ; Europe ; Industry/economics/manpower/*organization & administration ; Intellectual Property ; Research/economics/manpower/*organization & administration ; United States ; Universities/economics/manpower/*organization & administration
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    On message, off target (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 13;452(7184):128. doi: 10.1038/452128a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18337775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; *Decision Making ; *Health Education/methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Internet ; Parents/*psychology ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; Vaccination/*psychology/utilization
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    Growing pains (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 13;452(7184):127. doi: 10.1038/452127a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18337774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; Crops, Agricultural/microbiology ; Florida ; Humans ; Plant Diseases/microbiology/*statistics & numerical data ; Research/*legislation & jurisprudence/organization & administration ; Security Measures/*legislation & jurisprudence/*organization & administration ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture/legislation & jurisprudence/organization ; & administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Obama's win refreshes key climate talks (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 27;456(7221):428-9. doi: 10.1038/456428a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19037280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Congresses as Topic/trends ; Conservation of Natural Resources/trends ; *Federal Government ; Forestry/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Greenhouse Effect ; International Cooperation ; Poland ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/legislation & jurisprudence
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The EPA's tailspin (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 6;452(7183):2. doi: 10.1038/452002a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18322480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ethics, Professional ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/ethics/*organization & ; administration/*standards ; Vehicle Emissions/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Bush may introduce environmental regulations (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):6-7. doi: 10.1038/456006b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18987697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Federal Government ; *Public Policy ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Phoenix descending (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hand, Eric -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):142. doi: 10.1038/453142a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18464703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment/*chemistry ; Ice/*analysis ; *Mars ; Organic Chemicals/analysis ; *Spacecraft ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/trends
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    US election: Agencies of change (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 25;455(7212):451-2. doi: 10.1038/455451a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Federal Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*trends ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/legislation & ; jurisprudence/organization & administration/*trends ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics/*trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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