Publication Date:
2008-09-12
Description:
Cell growth and proliferation require coordinated ribosomal biogenesis and translation. Eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) control translation at the rate-limiting step of initiation. So far, only two eIFs connect extracellular stimuli to global translation rates: eIF4E acts in the eIF4F complex and regulates binding of capped messenger RNA to 40S subunits, downstream of growth factors, and eIF2 controls loading of the ternary complex on the 40S subunit and is inhibited on stress stimuli. No eIFs have been found to link extracellular stimuli to the activity of the large 60S ribosomal subunit. eIF6 binds 60S ribosomes precluding ribosome joining in vitro. However, studies in yeasts showed that eIF6 is required for ribosome biogenesis rather than translation. Here we show that mammalian eIF6 is required for efficient initiation of translation, in vivo. eIF6 null embryos are lethal at preimplantation. Heterozygous mice have 50% reduction of eIF6 levels in all tissues, and show reduced mass of hepatic and adipose tissues due to a lower number of cells and to impaired G1/S cell cycle progression. eIF6(+/-) cells retain sufficient nucleolar eIF6 and normal ribosome biogenesis. The liver of eIF6(+/-) mice displays an increase of 80S in polysomal profiles, indicating a defect in initiation of translation. Consistently, isolated hepatocytes have impaired insulin-stimulated translation. Heterozygous mouse embryonic fibroblasts recapitulate the organism phenotype and have normal ribosome biogenesis, reduced insulin-stimulated translation, and delayed G1/S phase progression. Furthermore, eIF6(+/-) cells are resistant to oncogene-induced transformation. Thus, eIF6 is the first eIF associated with the large 60S subunit that regulates translation in response to extracellular signals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753212/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2753212/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gandin, Valentina -- Miluzio, Annarita -- Barbieri, Anna Maria -- Beugnet, Anne -- Kiyokawa, Hiroaki -- Marchisio, Pier Carlo -- Biffo, Stefano -- GGP05043/Telethon/Italy -- R01/PHS HHS/ -- R01 CA112282/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112282-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):684-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07267. Epub 2008 Sep 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Laboratory, San Raffaele Science Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18784653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Adipose Tissue/cytology
;
Animals
;
Body Weight
;
Cell Division/drug effects
;
Cell Nucleolus/metabolism
;
*Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
;
Cells, Cultured
;
Cytoplasm/metabolism
;
Fibroblasts
;
G1 Phase/drug effects
;
Heterozygote
;
Insulin/pharmacology
;
Liver/cytology/growth & development
;
Mice
;
NIH 3T3 Cells
;
Oncogenes/genetics
;
*Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational/drug effects
;
Peptide Initiation Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
;
Ribosomes/chemistry/metabolism
;
*S Phase/drug effects
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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