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  • Nature Publishing Group  (74,252)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (59,898)
  • 2005-2009  (15,814)
  • 1995-1999  (37,664)
  • 1985-1989  (47,193)
  • 1950-1954  (18,201)
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  • 1
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    Prolonged mantle residence of zircon xenocrysts from the western Eger rift (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (12). pp. 886-890.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-04
    Description: Zircon is a common mineral in continental crustal rocks. As it is not easily altered in processes such as erosion or transport, this mineral is often used in the reconstruction of geological processes such as the formation and evolution of the continents. Zircon can also survive under conditions of the Earth’s mantle, and rare cases of zircons crystallizing in the mantle significantly before their entrainment into magma and eruption to the surface have been reported1,2,3. Here we analyse the isotopic and trace element compositions of large zircons of gem quality from the Eger rift, Bohemian massif, and find that they are derived from the mantle. (U–Th)/He analyses suggest that the zircons as well as their host basalts erupted between 29 and 24 million years ago, but fragments from the same xenocrysts reveal U–Pb ages between 51 and 83 million years. We note a lack of older volcanism and of fragments from the lower crust, which suggests that crustal residence time before eruption is negligible and that most rock fragments found in similar basalts from adjacent volcanic fields equilibrated under mantle conditions. We conclude that a specific chemical environment in this part of the Earth’s upper mantle allowed the zircons to remain intact for about 20–60 million years.
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  • 2
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    Piceamycin and its N-acetylcysteine adduct is produced by Streptomyces sp GB 4-2 (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 (9). pp. 513-518.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Piceamycin, a new macrolactam polyketide antibiotic, was detected by HPLC-diode array screening in extracts of Streptomyces sp. GB 4-2, which was isolated from the mycorrhizosphere of Norway spruce. The structure of piceamycin was determined by mass spectrometry and NMR experiments. It showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, selected human tumor cell lines and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. The Journal of Antibiotics (2009) 62, 513-518; doi:10.1038/ja.2009.64; published online 17 July 2009
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Marine geophysics: Where there's smoke there's fire (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (7). pp. 463-464.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-10
    Description: Seafloor vents spewing mineral-rich plumes of hydrothermal fluid — termed black smokers — can persist at mid-ocean ridges for decades or longer. Earthquake data indicate that ongoing magma injection may determine their locations.
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  • 4
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    Clean air policy and Arctic warming (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 (4). pp. 243-244.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The enhanced Arctic warming over the past three decades is attracting much attention. Combining forward and inverse models with observations suggests that regional changes in aerosol concentrations have contributed significantly.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Increase in Agulhas leakage due to poleward shift of Southern Hemisphere westerlies (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 462 . pp. 495-498.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The transport of warm and salty Indian Ocean waters into the Atlantic Ocean—the Agulhas leakage—has a crucial role in the global oceanic circulation1 and thus the evolution of future climate. At present these waters provide the main source of heat and salt for the surface branch of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC)2. There is evidence from past glacial-to-interglacial variations in foraminiferal assemblages3 and model studies4 that the amount of Agulhas leakage and its corresponding effect on the MOC has been subject to substantial change, potentially linked to latitudinal shifts in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies5. A progressive poleward migration of the westerlies has been observed during the past two to three decades and linked to anthropogenic forcing6, but because of the sparse observational records it has not been possible to determine whether there has been a concomitant response of Agulhas leakage. Here we present the results of a high-resolution ocean general circulation model7, 8 to show that the transport of Indian Ocean waters into the South Atlantic via the Agulhas leakage has increased during the past decades in response to the change in wind forcing. The increased leakage has contributed to the observed salinification9 of South Atlantic thermocline waters. Both model and historic measurements off South America suggest that the additional Indian Ocean waters have begun to invade the North Atlantic, with potential implications for the future evolution of the MOC.
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  • 6
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    Generation of intermediate-depth earthquakes by self-localizing thermal runaway (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 137-140.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Mid-Pliocene climate change amplified by a switch in Indonesian subsurface throughflow (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 434-438.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The tectonically driven closure of tropical seaways during the Pliocene epoch (approx5–2 million years (Myr) ago) altered ocean circulation and affected the evolution of climate. Plate tectonic reconstructions show that the main reorganization of one such seaway, the Indonesian Gateway, occurred between 4 and 3 Myr ago. Model simulations have suggested that this would have triggered a switch in the source of waters feeding the Indonesian throughflow into the Indian Ocean, from the warm salty waters of the South Pacific Ocean to the cool and relatively fresh waters of the North Pacific Ocean. Here we use paired measurements of the delta18O and Mg/Ca ratios of planktonic foraminifera to reconstruct the thermal structure of the eastern tropical Indian Ocean from 5.5 to 2 Myr ago. We find that sea surface conditions remained relatively stable throughout the interval, whereas subsurface waters freshened and cooled by about 4 °C between 3.5 and 2.95 Myr ago. We suggest that the restriction of the Indonesian Gateway led to the cooling and shoaling of the thermocline in the tropical Indian Ocean. We conclude that this tectonic reorganization contributed to the global shoaling of the thermocline recorded during the Pliocene epoch, possibly contributing to the development of the equatorial eastern Pacific cold tongue.
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  • 8
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    Large-scale distribution of Atlantic nitrogen fixation controlled by iron availability (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 867-871.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Oceanic fixed-nitrogen concentrations are controlled by the balance between nitrogen fixation and denitrification. A number of factors, including iron limitation, can restrict nitrogen fixation, introducing the potential for decoupling of nitrogen inputs and losses. Such decoupling could significantly affect the oceanic fixed-nitrogen inventory and consequently the biological component of ocean carbon storage and hence air–sea partitioning of carbon dioxide. However, the extent to which nutrients limit nitrogen fixation in the global ocean is uncertain. Here, we examined rates of nitrogen fixation and nutrient concentrations in the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean along a north–south 10,000 km transect during October and November 2005. We show that rates of nitrogen fixation were markedly higher in the North Atlantic compared with the South Atlantic Ocean. Across the two basins, nitrogen fixation was positively correlated with dissolved iron and negatively correlated with dissolved phosphorus concentrations. We conclude that inter-basin differences in nitrogen fixation are controlled by iron supply rather than phosphorus availability. Analysis of the nutrient content of deep waters suggests that the fixed nitrogen enters North Atlantic Deep Water. Our study thus supports the suggestion that iron significantly influences nitrogen fixation5, and that subsequent interactions with ocean circulation patterns contribute to the decoupling of nitrogen fixation and loss.
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  • 9
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    Caboxamycin, a new antibiotic of the benzoxazole family produced by the deep-sea strain Streptomyces sp. NTK 937* (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 . pp. 99-104.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Caboxamycin, a new benzoxazole antibiotic, was detected by HPLC-diode array screening in extracts of the marine strain Streptomyces sp. NTK 937, which was isolated from deep-sea sediment collected in the Canary Basin. The structure of caboxamycin was determined by mass spectrometry, NMR experiments and X-ray analysis. It showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, selected human tumor cell lines and the enzyme phosphodiesterase.
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  • 10
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    Gombapyrones, new α-pyrone metabolites produced by Streptomyces griseoruber Acta 3662 (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 62 . pp. 445-452.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Gombapyrones A–D, new members of the α-pyrone family of secondary metabolites, were produced by Streptomyces griseoruber Acta 3662, which was isolated from bamboo tree rhizosphere. The strain was characterized by its morphological and chemotaxonomical features and by 16S rDNA sequencing as S. griseobuber. The gombapyrone structures were determined by mass spectrometry and by NMR experiments, and were found to have an inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and glycogen synthase kinase 3β.
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  • 11
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    Origin and evolution of a splay fault in the Nankai accretionary wedge (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 2 . pp. 648-652.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Subduction zones are often characterized by wedge-shaped sedimentary complexes—called accretionary prisms—that form when sediments are scraped off the subducting plate and added to the overriding plate. Large, landward-dipping thrust faults can cut through such a prism: these faults, known as 'megasplay faults'1, 2, originate near the top of the subducting plate and terminate at the shallow, landward edge of the prism1, 3, 4, 5, 6. Megasplay faults have been the subject of numerous geological and geophysical studies4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, but their initiation and evolution through time remains poorly constrained. Here we combine seismic reflection data from the Nankai accretionary wedge with geological data collected by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) and find that the splay fault cutting this wedge initiated approx1.95 Million years (Myr) ago in the lower part of the prism as an out-of-sequence thrust (OOST). After an initial phase of high activity, the movement along the fault slowed down, but uplift and reactivation of the fault resumed about 1.55 Myr ago. The alternating periods of high and low activity along the splay fault that we document hint at episodic changes in the mechanical stability of accretionary prisms.
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  • 12
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    The otherness of the oceans (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 459 (7244). pp. 166-167.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-08
    Description: As scientists discover more about the genomes of marine microorganisms, new views of their physiology and ecosystem networks are opening up, explain Alexandra Z. Worden and Darcy McRose. "Alien Ocean: Anthropological Voyages in Microbial Seas by Stefan Helmreich University of California Press: 2009. 464 pp."
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  • 13
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    Protists are microbes too: A perspective (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 3 (1). pp. 4-12.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: Our understanding of the composition and activities of microbial communities from diverse habitats on our planet has improved enormously during the past decade, spurred on largely by advances in molecular biology. Much of this research has focused on the bacteria, and to a lesser extent on the archaea and viruses, because of the relative ease with which these assemblages can be analyzed and studied genetically. In contrast, single-celled, eukaryotic microbes (the protists) have received much less attention, to the point where one might question if they have somehow been demoted from the position of environmentally important taxa. In this paper, we draw attention to this situation and explore several possible (some admittedly lighthearted) explanations for why these remarkable and diverse microbes have remained largely overlooked in the present era of the microbe. © 2009 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved.
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  • 14
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    Interior pathways of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 459 . pp. 243-248.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
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  • 15
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    Rapid sea-level rise and reef back-stepping at the close of the last interglacial highstand (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 458 (7240). pp. 881-884.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
    Description: Widespread evidence of a +4–6-m sea-level highstand during the last interglacial period (Marine Isotope Stage 5e) has led to warnings that modern ice sheets will deteriorate owing to global warming and initiate a rise of similar magnitude by ad 2100 (ref. 1). The rate of this projected rise is based on ice-sheet melting simulations and downplays discoveries of more rapid ice loss2, 3. Knowing the rate at which sea level reached its highstand during the last interglacial period is fundamental in assessing if such rapid ice-loss processes could lead to future catastrophic sea-level rise. The best direct record of sea level during this highstand comes from well-dated fossil reefs in stable areas4, 5, 6. However, this record lacks both reef-crest development up to the full highstand elevation, as inferred7 from widespread intertidal indicators at +6 m, and a detailed chronology, owing to the difficulty of replicating U-series ages on submillennial timescales8. Here we present a complete reef-crest sequence for the last interglacial highstand and its U-series chronology from the stable northeast Yucatán peninsula, Mexico. We find that reef development during the highstand was punctuated by reef-crest demise at +3 m and back-stepping to +6 m. The abrupt demise of the lower-reef crest, but continuous accretion between the lower-lagoonal unit and the upper-reef crest, allows us to infer that this back-stepping occurred on an ecological timescale and was triggered by a 2–3-m jump in sea level. Using strictly reliable 230Th ages of corals from the upper-reef crest, and improved stratigraphic screening of coral ages from other stable sites, we constrain this jump to have occurred approx121 kyr ago and conclude that it supports an episode of ice-sheet instability during the terminal phase of the last interglacial period.
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  • 16
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    Evidence of seismic deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus at Tindari (NE, Sicily) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Most of the ancient town of Tindari (NE, Sicily) was settled on a plateau the most surficial layer of which was made of unconsolidated material. Ongoing excavations at the archaeological site at Tindari uncovered a large portion of the decumanus which suffered deformations preliminarily assigned to coseismic effects. An analysis of the local dynamic response through the simulation of strong seismic shaking to the bedrock and modelling of spectral ratios of the bedrock-soft soil was carried out to verify the susceptibility of superficial terrains of the promontory to coseismic deformations. To perform this simulation the finite element method (FEM) was used. Four accelerometric recordings of three earthquakes of medium-high magnitude, recorded on rocky sites, were chosen to simulate the seismic shaking, using a constitutive law for the materials composing the promontory layers both of linear-elastic type and of elastoplastic type. The analysis of the linear-elastic field allowed the definition of the frequencies for which the spectral ratios of the accelerations recorded the highest amplifications; in particular the frequency range 31.5–37.2 Hz can be combined with deformation of the paved floor of the decumanus. The analysis in the elastoplastic field highlighted the zones of promontory more susceptible to suffer plasticization process. The results show that the topmost layer of the decumanus is the most susceptible to suffer plasticization. Therefore, the performed analysis lends greater support to the hypothesis that the deformations were produced by seismic shaking.
    Description: Published
    Description: 213-222
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Elasticity and anelasticity ; Earthquake ground motions ; Site effects ; Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
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    Tectonic features of the Lipari–Vulcano complex (Aeolian archipelago, Italy) from 10 years (1996–2006) of GPS data (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The tectonic deformation of the Lipari-Vulcano complex, one of the most important active volcanic areas of Mediterranean region, is studied here through the analysis of ten years (1996-2006) of GPS data from both 3 permanent and 13 non-permanent stations. This area can be considered crucial for the understanding of the Eurasia-Africa plates interaction in the Mediterranean area, and, in general, this work emphasize a methodological approach, already applied in other areas worldwide (e.g. Shen et al., 1996, El-Fiki and Kato, 1999) where geodetic data and strain parameters maps of critical areas can help to improve our understanding of their geodynamical aspects. In this framework, this study is aimed at providing a kinematic deformation model on the basis of the dense geodetically estimated velocities of the Lipari-Vulcano complex. In particular, the observed deformation pattern can be described by a mix between 1) the main N-S regional compression and 2) a NNE-SSW compression with a small right-lateral strike slip component acting along a tectonic structure N°40W trending located between the two islands. This pattern was inspected through a simplified synthetic model.
    Description: This research has benefited from funding provided by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri – Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC).
    Description: Published
    Description: 370–377
    Description: 1.9. TTC - Rete GPS nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: GPS ; Aeolian Islands ; strain ; modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
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    P-wave propagation heterogeneity and earthquake location in the Mediterranean region (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: We analyse P-wave traveltimes for the Mediterranean area, using both teleseismic and regional arrivals for shallow earthquakes reported in the Bulletins of the International Seismological Centre. We model delays between pairs of 0.5° × 0.5° cells, obtaining a detailed representation of the P traveltime heterogeneities. Examination of these anomalies shows the clear presence of geographically coherent patterns—consistent with known geological features—due to significant structure in the upper mantle. We present a scheme, based on an empirical heterogeneity correction (EHC) to P-wave traveltimes, to improve earthquake location. This method provides similar benefits to those of a location procedure based on ray tracing in a 3-D model, but it is simpler and computationally more efficient. The definition of the traveltime heterogeneity model, being based on a statistical procedure, bypasses most of the critical points and possible instabilities involved in model inversion. EHC relocation, applied to Mediterranean earthquakes, allows one to predict about 70 per cent of the estimated signal due to heterogeneity and produces epicentral and origin time-shifts of, respectively, 4.22 km and 0.35 s (rms). From a synthetic experiment, in which we use the proposed algorithm to retrieve known source locations, we estimate that the rms improvement achieved by the EHC relocation over a simpler, standard, 1-D location is more than 20 per cent for both epicentral mislocation and origin time-shifts.
    Description: Published
    Description: 232-254
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: earthquake location ; Mediterranean ; P waves ; traveltime ; upper mantle ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
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    New results of 40Ar/39Ar dating constrain the timing of transition from fissure-type to central volcanism at Mount Etna (Italy) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Recent geological studies performed at Etna allow reassessing the stratigraphic frame of the volcano where distinct evolutionary phases are defined. This stratigraphic reconstruction was chronologically constrained on the basis of a limited number of U–Th and K–Ar age determinations whose uncertainty margins are sometimes too wide. For this reason, we successfully adopted at Etna the 40Ar/39Ar technique that allowed obtaining more precise age determinations. The incremental heating technique also gives information on sample homogeneity, and potential problems of trapped argon. Five samples were collected from stratigraphically well-controlled volcanic units in order to chronologically define the transition between the fissure-type volcanism of the Timpe phase to the central volcanism of the Valle del Bove Centers. Isotopic ages with an uncertainty margin of 2–4% have been obtained emphasizing that this transition occurred (130– 126 ka) without significant temporal hiatus.
    Description: University of Catania grants (COFIN- 2002, resp. F. Lentini); CNR-IDPA and INGV-Sezione di Catania grants.
    Description: Published
    Description: 292-298
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: 40Ar/39Ar dating ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 20
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    Methane seepage in an urban development area (Bacau, Romania): origin, extent, and hazard (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The paper describes a case of a natural emission of methane from soil in an urban development area, generating a significant risk for the local population and buildings, due to gas explosiveness and asphyxiation potential. The site is located on the south-western margin of the East-European Platform in eastern Romania, in a hydrocarbon-prone area crossed by the Pericarpathian lineament and regional faults. Molecular composition of gas and stable isotopic analyses of methane (CH4〉90%, δ to the power of 13 C1: -49.4‰, δD1: -173.4‰) indicate a dominant thermogenic origin, with significant amounts of C2-C5 alkanes (~5%), likely migrating through faults from a deep reservoir. Possible candidates are the Saucesti and Secuieni gas fields, located in the same petroleum system. Two surface geochemical surveys, based on closed-chamber flux measurements, were performed to assess the degassing intensity and the extent of the affected area. Methane fluxes from soil reach orders of 10 to the power of 4 mg m to the power of -2 day to the power of -1. Gas seepage mainly occurs in one zone 30 000 m2 wide, and it is likely controlled by channeling along a fault and gas accumulation in permeable sediments and shallow subsoil. The estimated total CH4 emission is about 40 t year to the power of -1 CH4, of which 8–9 t year to the power of -1 are naturally released from soil and 30–35 t year to the power of -1 are emitted from shallow boreholes. These wells have likely channeled the gas accumulated in shallow alluvial sediment but gas flux from soil is still high and mitigation measures are needed to reduce the risk for humans and buildings.
    Description: Published
    Description: 311-320
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: gas hazard ; methane seepage ; soil degassing ; thermogenic gas ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
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    New evidence for a mixed inorganic and organic origin of the Olympic Chimaera fire (Turkey): a large onshore seepage of abiogenic gas (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Chimaera gas seep, near Antalya (SW Turkey), has been continuously active for thousands of years and it is known to be the source of the first Olympic fire in the Hellenistic period. New and thorough molecular and isotopic analyses including methane (approximately 87% v/v; δ to the power of 13 C1 from -7.9‰ to -12.3‰; δ to the power of 13 D1 from -119‰ to -124‰), light alkanes (C2 + C3 + C4 + C5 = 0.5%; C6+: 0.07%; δ to the power of 13 C2 from -24.2‰ to -26.5‰; δ to the power of 13 C3 from -25.5‰ to -27‰), hydrogen (7.5–11%), carbon dioxide (0.01–0.07%; δ to the power of 13 CCO2: -15‰), helium (approximately 80 ppmv; R/Ra: 0.41) and nitrogen (2–4.9%; δ to the power of 15 N from -2‰ to -2.8‰) converge to indicate that the seep releases a mixture of organic thermogenic gas, related to mature type III kerogen occurring in Palaeozoic and Mesozoic organic-rich sedimentary rocks, and abiogenic gas produced by low-temperature serpentinization in the Tekirova ophiolitic unit. Methane is not related to mantle or magma degassing. The abiogenic fraction accounts for about half of the total gas released, which is estimated to be well beyond 50 ton year to the power of -1. Ophiolites and limestones are in contact along a tectonic dislocation leading to gas mixing and migration to the Earth’s surface. Chimaera represents the biggest emission of abiogenic methane on land discovered so far. Deep and pressurized gas accumulations are necessary to sustain the Chimaera gas flow for thousands of years and are likely to have been charged by an active inorganic source.
    Description: Published
    Description: 263-273
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: abiogenic methane ; isotopic composition ; ophiolites ; seep ; serpentinization ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 22
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    Multiple hydro-fracturing by boron-rich fluids in the Late Miocene contact aureole of eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy) (2008)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In eastern Elba Island (Tuscany, Italy), a shallow crustal level felsic, tourmaline-bearing, dyke-sill swarm of Late Miocene age is associated with abundant tourmaline-quartz hydrothermal veins and metasomatic masses. Development of these veins and masses in the host rocks demonstrates multiple hydro-fracturing by magmatic, boron-rich saline fluid. Tourmalines in felsic dykes are schorl, whereas in veins and metasomatic masses, tourmaline composition ranges from schorl-dravite through dravite to uvite. This compositional shift is evidence for an increasing contribution to the magmatic boron-rich fluids by a Mg-Ca-Ti-rich external component represented by biotite-rich and amphibolite host rocks. This system can be envisaged as an exposed proxy of the high temperature hydrothermal system presently active in the deepest part of the Larderello-Travale geothermal field (Tuscany).
    Description: Published
    Description: 318-326
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Hydro-fractures ; geothermal systems ; Magmatism ; southern Tuscany ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © 2008 Nature Publishing Group. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike license. The definitive version was published in Nature Biotechnology 26 (2008): 909-915, doi:10.1038/nbt.1482.
    Description: Plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. We report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. Most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 Mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. This suggests that ancient allelic regions in M. incognita are evolving toward effective haploidy, permitting new mechanisms of adaptation. The number and diversity of plant cell wall–degrading enzymes in M. incognita is unprecedented in any animal for which a genome sequence is available, and may derive from multiple horizontal gene transfers from bacterial sources. Our results provide insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize immunocompetent plants, and open the way for discovering new antiparasitic strategies.
    Description: SCRI laboratory (V.C.B. and J.T.J.) received funding from the Scottish Government. This work benefited from links funded via COST Action 872. G.V.M. and V.L. are supported by ARC, CNRS, EMBO, MENRT and Region Rhone-Alpes. G.V.M., M.R.-R. and V.L. are also funded by the EU Cascade Network of Excellence and the integrated project Crescendo. M.-C.C. is supported by MENRT.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Significant contribution of the 18.6 year tidal cycle to regional coastal changes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (3). pp. 169-172.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-13
    Description: Although rising global sea levels will affect the shape of coastlines over the coming decades1, 2, the most severe and catastrophic shoreline changes occur as a consequence of local and regional-scale processes. Changes in sediment supply3 and deltaic subsidence4, 5, both natural or anthropogenic, and the occurrences of tropical cyclones4, 5 and tsunamis6 have been shown to be the leading controls on coastal erosion. Here, we use satellite images of South American mangrove-colonized mud banks collected over the past twenty years to reconstruct changes in the extent of the shoreline between the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. The observed timing of the redistribution of sediment and migration of the mud banks along the 1,500 km muddy coast suggests the dominant control of ocean forcing by the 18.6 year nodal tidal cycle7. Other factors affecting sea level such as global warming or El Niño and La Niña events show only secondary influences on the recorded changes. In the coming decade, the 18.6 year cycle will result in an increase of mean high water levels of 6 cm along the coast of French Guiana, which will lead to a 90 m shoreline retreat.
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    Biosynthetic capacities of actinomycetes. 46. Genoketides A1 and A2, new octaketides and biosynthetic intermediates of chrysophanol produced by Streptomyces sp. AK 671 (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Journal of Antibiotics, 61 . pp. 464-473.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-09
    Description: The new aromatic polyketides genoketide A1, genoketide A2 and prechrysophanol glucuronide are biosynthetic intermediates of the octaketide chrysophanol. They were isolated from the alkaliphilic strain Streptomyces sp. AK 671 together with the new metabolite chrysophanol glucuronide. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR methods. Genoketide A2 exhibited a slight and prechrysophanol glucuronide a more pronounced inhibition of the proliferation of L5178y lymphoma cells.
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    Agulhas leakage dynamics affects decadal variability in Atlantic overturning circulation (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 456 . pp. 489-492.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Predicting the evolution of climate over decadal timescales requires a quantitative understanding of the dynamics that govern the meridional overturning circulation (MOC)1. Comprehensive ocean measurement programmes aiming to monitor MOC variations have been established in the subtropical North Atlantic2, 3 (RAPID, at latitude 26.5° N, and MOVE, at latitude 16° N) and show strong variability on intraseasonal to interannual timescales. Observational evidence of longer-term changes in MOC transport remains scarce, owing to infrequent sampling of transoceanic sections over past decades4, 5. Inferences based on long-term sea surface temperature records, however, supported by model simulations, suggest a variability with an amplitude of plusminus1.5–3 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s-1) on decadal timescales in the subtropics6. Such variability has been attributed to variations of deep water formation in the sub-arctic Atlantic, particularly the renewal rate of Labrador Sea Water7. Here we present results from a model simulation that suggest an additional influence on decadal MOC variability having a Southern Hemisphere origin: dynamic signals originating in the Agulhas leakage region at the southern tip of Africa. These contribute a MOC signal in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic that is of the same order of magnitude as the northern source. A complete rationalization of observed MOC changes therefore also requires consideration of signals arriving from the south.
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    Mesozoic climate - Liverworts and all (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (1). pp. 14-15.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: The relationship between carbon dioxide and climate over millions of years has been a source of controversy. Fossilized liverwort leaves can help illuminate both temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from 200 to 60 million years ago.
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    Phosphorus cycling in the North and South Atlantic Ocean subtropical gyres (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (7). pp. 439-443.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-23
    Description: Despite similar physical properties, the Northern and Southern Atlantic subtropical gyres have different biogeochemical regimes. The Northern subtropical gyre, which is subject to iron deposition from Saharan dust1, is depleted in the nutrient phosphate, possibly as a result of iron-enhanced nitrogen fixation2. Although phosphate depleted, rates of carbon fixation in the euphotic zone of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre are comparable to those of the South Atlantic subtropical gyre3, which is not phosphate limited. Here we use the activity of the phosphorus-specific enzyme alkaline phosphatase to show potentially enhanced utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus occurring over much of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. We find that during the boreal spring up to 30% of primary production in the North Atlantic gyre is supported by dissolved organic phosphorus. Our diagnostics and composite map of the surface distribution of dissolved organic phosphorus in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean reveal shorter residence times in the North Atlantic gyre than the South Atlantic gyre. We interpret the asymmetry of dissolved organic phosphorus cycling in the two gyres as a consequence of enhanced nitrogen fixation in the North Atlantic Ocean4, which forces the system towards phosphorus limitation. We suggest that dissolved organic phosphorus utilization may contribute to primary production in other phosphorus-limited ocean settings as well.
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    Arc-parallel flow in the mantle wedge beneath Costa Rica and Nicaragua (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 451 (7182). pp. 1094-1097.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: Resolving flow geometry in the mantle wedge is central to understanding the thermal and chemical structure of subduction zones, subducting plate dehydration, and melting that leads to arc volcanism, which can threaten large populations and alter climate through gas and particle emission. Here we show that isotope geochemistry and seismic velocity anisotropy provide strong evidence for trench-parallel flow in the mantle wedge beneath Costa Rica and Nicaragua. This finding contradicts classical models, which predict trench-normal flow owing to the overlying wedge mantle being dragged downwards by the subducting plate. The isotopic signature of central Costa Rican volcanic rocks is not consistent with its derivation from the mantle wedge1, 2, 3 or eroded fore-arc complexes4 but instead from seamounts of the Galapagos hotspot track on the subducting Cocos plate. This isotopic signature decreases continuously from central Costa Rica to northwestern Nicaragua. As the age of the isotopic signature beneath Costa Rica can be constrained and its transport distance is known, minimum northwestward flow rates can be estimated (63–190 mm yr-1) and are comparable to the magnitude of subducting Cocos plate motion (approx85 mm yr-1). Trench-parallel flow needs to be taken into account in models evaluating thermal and chemical structure and melt generation in subduction zones.
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    Advancing Decadal-Scale Climate Prediction in the North Atlantic Sector (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 453 . pp. 84-88.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-18
    Description: The climate of the North Atlantic region exhibits fluctuations on decadal timescales that have large societal consequences. Prominent examples include hurricane activity in the Atlantic1, and surface-temperature and rainfall variations over North America2, Europe3 and northern Africa4. Although these multidecadal variations are potentially predictable if the current state of the ocean is known5, 6, 7, the lack of subsurface ocean observations8 that constrain this state has been a limiting factor for realizing the full skill potential of such predictions9. Here we apply a simple approach—that uses only sea surface temperature (SST) observations—to partly overcome this difficulty and perform retrospective decadal predictions with a climate model. Skill is improved significantly relative to predictions made with incomplete knowledge of the ocean state10, particularly in the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific oceans. Thus these results point towards the possibility of routine decadal climate predictions. Using this method, and by considering both internal natural climate variations and projected future anthropogenic forcing, we make the following forecast: over the next decade, the current Atlantic meridional overturning circulation will weaken to its long-term mean; moreover, North Atlantic SST and European and North American surface temperatures will cool slightly, whereas tropical Pacific SST will remain almost unchanged. Our results suggest that global surface temperature may not increase over the next decade, as natural climate variations in the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific temporarily offset the projected anthropogenic warming.
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    Saline water sinking (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (7). pp. 423-424.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-23
    Description: Ninety-five million years ago, ocean bottom waters were much warmer than at present. Some of this warmth could have come from the proto-North Atlantic's continental shelves after the balmy surface waters became increasingly salty through evaporation.
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    Influence of brine formation on Arctic Ocean circulation over the past 15 million years (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 68-72.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The early oceanographic history of the Arctic Ocean is important in regulating, and responding to, climatic changes. However, constraints on its oceanographic history preceding the Quaternary (the past 1.8 Myr) have become available only recently, because of the difficulties associated with obtaining continuous sediment records in such a hostile setting. Here, we use the neodymium isotope compositions of two sediment cores recovered near the North Pole to reconstruct over the past approx15 Myr the sources contributing to Arctic Intermediate Water, a water mass found today at depths of 200 to 1,500 m. We interpret high neodymium ratios for the period between 15 and 2 Myr ago, and for the glacial periods thereafter, as indicative of weathering input from the Siberian Putoranan basalts into the Arctic Ocean. Arctic Intermediate Water was then derived from brine formation in the Eurasian shelf regions, with only a limited contribution of intermediate water from the North Atlantic. In contrast, the modern circulation pattern, with relatively high contributions of North Atlantic Intermediate Water and negligible input from brine formation, exhibits low neodymium isotope ratios and is typical for the interglacial periods of the past 2 Myr. We suggest that changes in climatic conditions and the tectonic setting were responsible for switches between these two modes.
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    Synchronous basin-wide formation and redox-controlled preservation of a Mediterranean sapropel (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 606-610.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Organic-rich sedimentary units called sapropels have formed repeatedly in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, in response to variations of solar radiation. Sapropel formation is due to a change either in the flux of organic matter to the sea floor from productivity changes or in preservation by bottom-water oxygen levels. However, the relative importance of surface-ocean productivity versus deep-water preservation for the formation of these organic-rich shale beds is still being debated, and conflicting interpretations are often invoked1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Here we analyse at high resolution the differences in the composition of the most recent sapropel, S1, in a suite of cores covering the entire eastern Mediterranean basin. We demonstrate that during the 4,000 years of sapropel formation, surface-water salinity was reduced and the deep eastern Mediterranean Sea, below 1,800 m depth, was devoid of oxygen. This resulted in the preferential basin-wide preservation of sapropel S1 with different characteristics above and below 1,800 m depth as a result of different redox conditions. We conclude that climate-induced stratification of the ocean may therefore contribute to enhanced preservation of organic matter in sapropels and potentially also in black shales.
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    The Phaeodactylum genome reveals the evolutionary history of diatom genomes (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 456 . pp. 239-244.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-06
    Description: Diatoms are photosynthetic secondary endosymbionts found throughout marine and freshwater environments, and are believed to be responsible for around one-fifth of the primary productivity on Earth1, 2. The genome sequence of the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was recently reported, revealing a wealth of information about diatom biology3, 4, 5. Here we report the complete genome sequence of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and compare it with that of T. pseudonana to clarify evolutionary origins, functional significance and ubiquity of these features throughout diatoms. In spite of the fact that the pennate and centric lineages have only been diverging for 90 million years, their genome structures are dramatically different and a substantial fraction of genes (approx40%) are not shared by these representatives of the two lineages. Analysis of molecular divergence compared with yeasts and metazoans reveals rapid rates of gene diversification in diatoms. Contributing factors include selective gene family expansions, differential losses and gains of genes and introns, and differential mobilization of transposable elements. Most significantly, we document the presence of hundreds of genes from bacteria. More than 300 of these gene transfers are found in both diatoms, attesting to their ancient origins, and many are likely to provide novel possibilities for metabolite management and for perception of environmental signals. These findings go a long way towards explaining the incredible diversity and success of the diatoms in contemporary oceans.
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    The response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to recent climate change (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 864-869.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-22
    Description: Observations show a significant intensification of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, the prevailing winds between the latitudes of 30° and 60° S, over the past decades. A continuation of this intensification trend is projected by climate scenarios for the twenty-first century. The response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the carbon sink in the Southern Ocean to changes in wind stress and surface buoyancy fluxes is under debate. Here we analyse the Argo network of profiling floats and historical oceanographic data to detect coherent hemispheric-scale warming and freshening trends that extend to depths of more than 1,000 m. The warming and freshening is partly related to changes in the properties of the water masses that make up the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which are consistent with the anthropogenic changes in heat and freshwater fluxes suggested by climate models. However, we detect no increase in the tilt of the surfaces of equal density across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, in contrast to coarse-resolution model studies. Our results imply that the transport in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and meridional overturning in the Southern Ocean are insensitive to decadal changes in wind stress.
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    Climate change: Acid test for marine biodiversity (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 454 . pp. 46-47.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide lead to acidification of the oceans. A site in the Mediterranean, naturally carbonated by under-sea volcanoes, provides clues to the possible effects on marine ecosystems.
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    Recent Antarctic ice mass loss from radar interferometry and regional climate modelling (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (2). pp. 106-110.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-07
    Description: Large uncertainties remain in the current and future contribution to sea level rise from Antarctica. Climate warming may increase snowfall in the continent’s interior1,2,3, but enhance glacier discharge at the coast where warmer air and ocean temperatures erode the buttressing ice shelves4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Here, we use satellite interferometric synthetic-aperture radar observations from 1992 to 2006 covering 85% of Antarctica’s coastline to estimate the total mass flux into the ocean. We compare the mass fluxes from large drainage basin units with interior snow accumulation calculated from a regional atmospheric climate model for 1980 to 2004. In East Antarctica, small glacier losses in Wilkes Land and glacier gains at the mouths of the Filchner and Ross ice shelves combine to a near-zero loss of 4±61 Gt yr−1. In West Antarctica, widespread losses along the Bellingshausen and Amundsen seas increased the ice sheet loss by 59% in 10 years to reach 132±60 Gt yr−1 in 2006. In the Peninsula, losses increased by 140% to reach 60±46 Gt yr−1 in 2006. Losses are concentrated along narrow channels occupied by outlet glaciers and are caused by ongoing and past glacier acceleration. Changes in glacier flow therefore have a significant, if not dominant impact on ice sheet mass balance.
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    From climate assessment to climate services (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 . pp. 2-3.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change has convinced the public that climate change is real. To tackle it, the panel needs complementary climate services that provide continuous climate information for all regions and the globe.
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    Persistent summer expansion of the Atlantic Warm Pool during glacial abrupt cold events (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-31
    Description: Palaeoclimate records and numerical model simulations indicate that changes in tropical and subtropical sea surface temperatures and in the annual average position of the intertropical convergence zone are linked to high-latitude climate changes on millennial to glacial–interglacial timescales. It has recently been suggested that cooling in the high latitudes associated with abrupt climate-change events is evident primarily during the northern hemisphere winter, implying increased seasonality at these times8. However, it is unclear whether such a seasonal bias also exists for the low latitudes. Here we analyse the Mg/Ca ratios of surface-dwelling foraminifera to reconstruct sea surface temperatures in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico for the past 300,000 years. We suggest that sea surface temperatures are controlled by the migration of the northern boundary of the Atlantic Warm Pool, and hence the position of the intertropical convergence zone during boreal summer, and are relatively insensitive to winter conditions. Our results suggest that summer Atlantic Warm Pool expansion is primarily affected by glacial–interglacial variability and low-latitude summer insolation. Because a clear signature of rapid climate-change events, such as the Younger Dryas cold event, is lacking in our record, we conclude that high-latitude events seem to influence only the winter Caribbean climate conditions, consistent with the hypothesis of extreme northern-hemisphere seasonality during abrupt cooling events.
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    Oceanography: Power of pull (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 447 . p. 383.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: As the complex interplay of forces in the ocean responds to climate change, the dynamics of global ocean circulation are shifting.
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    Soaking it up: the complex lives of marine sponges and their microbial associates (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 1 (3). pp. 187-190.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-11
    Description: Marine sponges (phylum Porifera) are among the oldest multicellular animals (metazoans), the sea's most prolific producers of bioactive metabolites, and of considerable ecological importance due to their abundance and ability to filter enormous volumes of seawater. In addition to these important attributes, sponge microbiology is now a rapidly expanding field.
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    The Early Miocene onset of a ventilated circulation regime in the Arctic Ocean (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 447 . pp. 986-990.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Deep-water formation in the northern North Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean is a key driver of the global thermohaline circulation and hence also of global climate1. Deciphering the history of the circulation regime in the Arctic Ocean has long been prevented by the lack of data from cores of Cenozoic sediments from the Arctic's deep-sea floor. Similarly, the timing of the opening of a connection between the northern North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean, permitting deep-water exchange, has been poorly constrained. This situation changed when the first drill cores were recovered from the central Arctic Ocean2. Here we use these cores to show that the transition from poorly oxygenated to fully oxygenated ('ventilated') conditions in the Arctic Ocean occurred during the later part of early Miocene times. We attribute this pronounced change in ventilation regime to the opening of the Fram Strait. A palaeo-geographic and palaeo-bathymetric reconstruction of the Arctic Ocean, together with a physical oceanographic analysis of the evolving strait and sill conditions in the Fram Strait, suggests that the Arctic Ocean went from an oxygen-poor 'lake stage', to a transitional 'estuarine sea' phase with variable ventilation, and finally to the fully ventilated 'ocean' phase 17.5 Myr ago. The timing of this palaeo-oceanographic change coincides with the onset of the middle Miocene climatic optimum3, although it remains unclear if there is a causal relationship between these two events.
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    Biological and chemical sulfide oxidation in a Beggiatoa inhabited marine sediment (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 1 (4). pp. 341-353.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-25
    Description: The ecological niche of nitrate-storing Beggiatoa, and their contribution to the removal of sulfide were investigated in coastal sediment. With microsensors a clear suboxic zone of 2-10cm thick was identified, where neither oxygen nor free sulfide was detectable. In this zone most of the Beggiatoa were found, where they oxidize sulfide with internally stored nitrate. The sulfide input into the suboxic zone was dominated by an upward sulfide flux from deeper sediment, whereas the local production in the suboxic zone was much smaller. Despite their abundance, the calculated sulfide-oxidizing capacity of the Beggiatoa could account for only a small fraction of the total sulfide removal in the sediment. Consequently, most of the sulfide flux into the suboxic layer must have been removed by chemical processes, mainly by precipitation with Fe2+ and oxidation by Fe(III), which was coupled with a pH increase. The free Fe2+ diffusing upwards was oxidized by Mn(IV), resulting in a strong pH decrease. The nitrate storage capacity allows Beggiatoa to migrate randomly up and down in anoxic sediments with an accumulated gliding distance of 4m before running out of nitrate. We propose that the steep sulfide gradient and corresponding high sulfide flux, a typical characteristic of Beggiatoa habitats, is not needed for their metabolic performance, but rather used as a chemotactic cue by the highly motile filaments to avoid getting lost at depth in the sediment. Indeed sulfide is a repellant for Beggiatoa.
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    Enhanced biological carbon consumption in a high CO2 ocean (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 450 (7169). pp. 545-548.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The oceans have absorbed nearly half of the fossil-fuel carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted into the atmosphere since pre-industrial times1, causing a measurable reduction in seawater pH and carbonate saturation2. If CO2 emissions continue to rise at current rates, upper-ocean pH will decrease to levels lower than have existed for tens of millions of years and, critically, at a rate of change 100 times greater than at any time over this period3. Recent studies have shown effects of ocean acidification on a variety of marine life forms, in particular calcifying organisms4, 5, 6. Consequences at the community to ecosystem level, in contrast, are largely unknown. Here we show that dissolved inorganic carbon consumption of a natural plankton community maintained in mesocosm enclosures at initial CO2 partial pressures of 350, 700 and 1,050 μatm increases with rising CO2. The community consumed up to 39% more dissolved inorganic carbon at increased CO2 partial pressures compared to present levels, whereas nutrient uptake remained the same. The stoichiometry of carbon to nitrogen drawdown increased from 6.0 at low CO2 to 8.0 at high CO2, thus exceeding the Redfield carbon:nitrogen ratio of 6.6 in today’s ocean7. This excess carbon consumption was associated with higher loss of organic carbon from the upper layer of the stratified mesocosms. If applicable to the natural environment, the observed responses have implications for a variety of marine biological and biogeochemical processes, and underscore the importance of biologically driven feedbacks in the ocean to global change.
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    Cultivation of a novel cold-adapted nitrite oxidizing betaproteobacterium from the Siberian Arctic (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  ISME Journal, 1 . pp. 256-264.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-22
    Description: Permafrost-affected soils of the Siberian Arctic were investigated with regard to identification of nitrite oxidizing bacteria active at low temperature. Analysis of the fatty acid profiles of enrichment cultures grown at 4°C, 10°C and 17°C revealed a pattern that was different from that of known nitrite oxidizers but was similar to fatty acid profiles of Betaproteobacteria. Electron microscopy of two enrichment cultures grown at 10°C showed prevalent cells with a conspicuous ultrastructure. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes allocated the organisms to a so far uncultivated cluster of the Betaproteobacteria, with Gallionella ferruginea as next related taxonomically described organism. The results demonstrate that a novel genus of chemolithoautotrophic nitrite oxidizing bacteria is present in polygonal tundra soils and can be enriched at low temperatures up to 17°C. Cloned sequences with high sequence similarities were previously reported from mesophilic habitats like activated sludge and therefore an involvement of this taxon in nitrite oxidation in nonarctic habitats is suggested. The presented culture will provide an opportunity to correlate nitrification with nonidentified environmental clones in moderate habitats and give insights into mechanisms of cold adaptation. We propose provisional classification of the novel nitrite oxidizing bacterium as 'Candidatus Nitrotoga arctica'.
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    RNA polymerase II transcription in living color (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 788-790 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is fundamental to the mechanism of gene expression and a major target of biological regulatory mechanisms. It involves many separate steps, such as RNA Pol II molecules binding promoter sequences at the 5′ regions of genes, formation of initiation ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb0907-788
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    Research highlights (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 795-795 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] To the outer membrane and beyond Gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts use members of the Omp85 superfamily to assemble β-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) with a variety of cellular functions, including enzymes, adhesins and transporters of small molecules in or out of ...
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    The Arabidopsis LHP1 protein colocalizes with histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 869-871 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Polycomb proteins are required for maintenance of silent chromatin states via histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in animals, but homologs are not found in plant genomes. Using a DamID-chip method, we found that the Arabidopsis thaliana chromodomain-containing protein LHP1 colocalizes with ...
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    Lsm proteins bind and stabilize RNAs containing 5′ poly(A) tracts (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 824-831 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Many orthopoxvirus messenger RNAs have an unusual nontemplated poly(A) tract of 5 to 40 residues at the 5′ end. The precise function of this feature is unknown. Here we show that 5′ poly(A) tracts are able to repress RNA decay by inhibiting 3′-to-5′ exonucleases as well as ...
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    F 1 -ATPase rotates by an asymmetric, sequential mechanism using all three catalytic subunits (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 841-846 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] F1-ATPase, the catalytic part of FoF1-ATP synthase, rotates the central γ subunit within the α3β3 cylinder in 120° steps, each step consuming a single ATP molecule. However, how the catalytic activity of each β subunit is coordinated with the other two β subunits to ...
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    Finding the right spot to start transcription (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 686-687 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] In all living cells, the expression of genetic programs is governed by the dynamic transcriptome, which is established mainly by regulated transcription initiation at gene promoters. Thus, if we want to understand gene regulation, we must know the mechanism of transcription initiation. Initiation ...
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    The multifunctional human p100 protein 'hooks' methylated ligands (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 779-784 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The human p100 protein is a vital transcription regulator that increases gene transcription by forming a physical bridge between promoter-specific activators and the basal transcription machinery. Here we demonstrate that the tudor and SN (TSN) domain of p100 interacts with U small nuclear ...
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    Specificity and mechanism of JMJD2A, a trimethyllysine-specific histone demethylase (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 689-695 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] JMJD2A is a JmjC histone demethylase (HDM) that catalyzes the demethylation of di- and trimethylated Lys9 and Lys36 in histone H3 (H3K9me2/3 and H3K36me2/3). Here we present the crystal structures of the JMJD2A catalytic domain in complex with H3K9me3, H3K36me2 and H3K36me3 peptides. The structures ...
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    CFTR regulatory region interacts with NBD1 predominantly via multiple transient helices (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 738-745 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The regulatory (R) region of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is intrinsically disordered and must be phosphorylated at multiple sites for full CFTR channel activity, with no one specific phosphorylation site required. In addition, nucleotide binding and hydrolysis at ...
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    A SUMO ligase for ALT (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 570-571 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Most cancer cells escape from the normal barriers to unlimited proliferation by activating a telomere maintenance mechanism. The best known of these is telomerase, but in about 10% of cancers telomere lengths are maintained in the absence of telomerase, by one or more 'alternative ...
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    Powering a two-stroke RNA engine (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 574-576 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The proposal that primordial life originated in an RNA world is based upon the dual capacity of RNA molecules to hold genetic information and catalyze chemical reactions. Peptide bond formation within the ribosome may be a 'living fossil' of the ancient catalytic properties of RNA. Available ...
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    Structural basis for DNA duplex separation by a superfamily-2 helicase (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 647-652 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] To reveal the mechanism of processive strand separation by superfamily-2 (SF2) 3′→5′ helicases, we determined apo and DNA-bound crystal structures of archaeal Hel308, a helicase that unwinds lagging strands and is related to human DNA polymerase θ. Our structure captures the ...
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    Alternative splicing regulation by interaction of phosphatase PP2C γ with nucleic acid–binding protein YB-1 (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 630-638 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] Kinases and phosphatases participate in precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing regulation, but their precise roles and the identities of their cofactors and substrates remain poorly understood. The human Ser/Thr phosphatase PP2Cγ promotes spliceosome assembly. We show that PP2Cγ's ...
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    Role of Dnl4–Lif1 in nonhomologous end-joining repair complex assembly and suppression of homologous recombination (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 639-646 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) eliminates DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in bacteria and eukaryotes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there are pairwise physical interactions among the core complexes of the NHEJ pathway, namely Yku70–Yku80 (Ku), Dnl4–Lif1 and Mre11–Rad50–Xrs2 ...
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    U2AF-homology motif interactions are required for alternative splicing regulation by SPF45 (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 620-629 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The U2AF-homology motif (UHM) mediates protein-protein interactions between factors involved in constitutive RNA splicing. Here we report that the splicing factor SPF45 regulates alternative splicing of the apoptosis regulatory gene FAS (also called CD95). The SPF45 UHM is necessary for this ...
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    Structure of the topoisomerase VI B subunit: implications for type II topoisomerase mechanism and evolution (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 611-619 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] Type II topoisomerases help disentangle chromosomes to facilitate cell division. To advance understanding of the structure and dynamics of these essential enzymes, we have determined the crystal structure of an archaeal type IIB topoisomerase, topo VI, at 4.0-Å resolution. The 220-kDa ...
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    Protein structure space is much more than the sum of its folds (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 458-458 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] To the Editor: A recent editorial in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology echoes questions being raised in the structural biology community and elsewhere as to whether the expense of The Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) is justified, given the current budget crunch at the US National ...
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    It takes more than two to tango: Dishevelled polymerization and Wnt signaling (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 463-465 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] A handful of signaling pathways are extraordinarily important in cell-fate choices in embryogenesis and adult homeostasis, and inappropriate activation of each pathway contributes to cancer. For example, Wnt signaling regulates cell-fate choices from early axis formation to stem-cell maintenance in ...
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    Physical and functional coupling of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and Dicer in the biogenesis of endogenous siRNAs (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 604-610 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Many classes of small RNA (sRNA) involved in RNA silencing are generated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) processing. Although principles of sRNA biogenesis have emerged, newly identified classes of sRNAs have features that suggest additional biogenesis mechanisms. Tetrahymena thermophila expresses ...
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    Protein Structure Initiative: getting into gear (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 459-460 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The Protein Structure Initiative (PSI; http://www.nigms.nih.gov/Initiatives/PSI), supported by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), is now in the second year of its second five-year phase (PSI-2). The PSI represents about 3% of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) ...
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    Swi3p controls SWI/SNF assembly and ATP-dependent H2A-H2B displacement (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 540-547 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Yeast SWI/SNF is a multisubunit, 1.14-MDa ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzyme required for transcription of a subset of inducible genes. Biochemical studies have demonstrated that SWI/SNF uses the energy from ATP hydrolysis to generate superhelical torsion, mobilize mononucleosomes, enhance ...
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    Mechanism for expanding the decoding capacity of transfer RNAs by modification of uridines (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 498-502 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] One of the most prevalent base modifications involved in decoding is uridine 5-oxyacetic acid at the wobble position of tRNA. It has been known for several decades that this modification enables a single tRNA to decode all four codons in a degenerate codon box. We have determined structures of an ...
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    When it comes to couple(r)s, do opposites attract? (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 790-792 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The budding yeast Dam1 complex, comprised of ten subunits, localizes to centromeres and is centrally important for chromosome–spindle microtubule interactions. Inhibition of this complex leads to extensive chromosome mis-segregation and cell lethality because replicated chromosomes cannot ...
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    In vivo dynamics of RNA polymerase II transcription (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 796-806 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] We imaged transcription in living cells using a locus-specific reporter system, which allowed precise, single-cell kinetic measurements of promoter binding, initiation and elongation. Photobleaching of fluorescent RNA polymerase II revealed several kinetically distinct populations of the enzyme ...
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    The refined structure of nascent HDL reveals a key functional domain for particle maturation and dysfunction (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 861-868 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The cardioprotective function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is largely attributed to its ability to facilitate transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. However, HDL may become dysfunctional through oxidative modification, impairing cellular cholesterol efflux. Here we ...
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    An iron-sulfur domain of the eukaryotic primase is essential for RNA primer synthesis (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 875-877 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Primases synthesize the RNA primers that are necessary for replication of the parental DNA strands. Here we report that the heterodimeric archaeal/eukaryotic primase is an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein. Binding of the Fe-S cluster is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved domain at the C terminus of ...
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    Name that gene! (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 681-681 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Certain biologists (along with club-hoppers, flip-floppers and sabermetricians) felt the glow of literary respectability earlier this year: the words apoptosis, protein kinase and primosome passed the scrutiny of the usage police (along with club-hopper, etc.) and entered that hallowed tome, the ...
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    Research Highlights (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 688-688 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] PI3K polar patch Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate many cellular processes and are linked to several cancers. The PI3K catalytic subunit, p110α, dimerizes with the p85 regulatory subunit, resulting in enzyme inhibition. Some oncogenic hot spots in p110α map to the ...
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    Rad54 dissociates homologous recombination intermediates by branch migration (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 746-753 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs) cause cell death and genome instability. Homologous recombination is a major DSB repair pathway that operates by forming joint molecules with homologous DNA sequences, which are used as templates to achieve accurate repair. In eukaryotes, Rad51 protein (RecA homolog) ...
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    The positions of TFIIF and TFIIE in the RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 696-703 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We incorporated the non-natural photoreactive amino acid p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine (Bpa) into the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) surface surrounding the central cleft formed by the Rpb1 and Rpb2 subunits. Photo-cross-linking of preinitiation complexes (PICs) with these Pol II derivatives and ...
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    CCDC98 targets BRCA1 to DNA damage sites (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 716-720 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Breast cancer-1 (BRCA1) participates in the DNA damage response. However, the mechanism by which BRCA1 is recruited to DNA damage sites remains elusive. Recently, we have demonstrated that a ubiquitin-binding protein, RAP80, is required for DNA damage–induced BRCA1 translocation. Here we ...
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    Not miR-ly a splicing factor: hnRNP A1 succumbs to microRNA temptation (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 572-573 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] In the era of 'global biology', more and more unexpected interactions between macromolecular machines are being revealed. Guil and Caceres now add a new example to the ever-growing list. In their study on page 591 of this issue, hnRNP A1 is reported to take leave from its splicing duties to assume ...
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    Research highlights (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 580-580 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Aurora B gone The Aurora B kinase is found at centromeres during mitosis. Among other functions, it phosphorylates histones H3 and CENP-A, thus playing a crucial part in cell division. Peter and colleagues now provide a model for the eviction of Aurora B from chromosomes after mitosis. This model ...
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    The multifunctional RNA-binding protein hnRNP A1 is required for processing of miR-18a (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 591-596 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] hnRNP A1 is an RNA-binding protein involved in various aspects of RNA processing. Use of an in vivo cross-linking and immunoprecipitation protocol to find hnRNP A1 RNA targets resulted in the identification of a microRNA (miRNA) precursor, pre-miR-18a. This microRNA is expressed as part of a ...
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    The SMC5/6 complex maintains telomere length in ALT cancer cells through SUMOylation of telomere-binding proteins (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 581-590 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Most cancer cells activate telomerase to elongate telomeres and achieve unlimited replicative potential. Some cancer cells cannot activate telomerase and use telomere homologous recombination (HR) to elongate telomeres, a mechanism termed alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). A hallmark of ...
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    RS domain–splicing signal interactions in splicing of U12-type and U2-type introns (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 597-603 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Serine-arginine (SR) proteins are general metazoan splicing factors that contain an essential arginine/serine-rich (RS) domain. On typical U2-type introns, RS domains contact the branchpoint and 5′ splice site to promote base-pairing with U small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). Here we analyze the ...
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    RAD51, BRCA2 and DNA repair: a partial resolution (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 461-462 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Inheritance of a single mutated allele of BRCA2 confers a strong predisposition to breast cancer and a number of other malignancies. This gene encodes a 3,418-residue protein that is likely to have multiple cellular functions and is important for the repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) by ...
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    Erratum: The structure of a polyQ–anti-polyQ complex reveals binding according to a linear lattice model (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 568-568 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 14, 381–387 (2007); published online 22 April 2007; corrected after print 8 May 2007 In the version of this article initially published, the incorrect corresponding authors were listed. The corresponding author should be Pingwei Li ...
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    Structural basis for the transforming activity of human cancer-related signaling adaptor protein CRK (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 503-510 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] CRKI (SH2-SH3) and CRKII (SH2-SH3-SH3) are splicing isoforms of the oncoprotein CRK that regulate transcription and cytoskeletal reorganization for cell growth and motility by linking tyrosine kinases to small G proteins. CRKI shows substantial transforming activity, whereas the activity of CRKII ...
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    SET and PARP1 remove DEK from chromatin to permit access by the transcription machinery (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 548-555 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The histone chaperone SET is required for transcription of chromatin templates by RNA polymerase Pol II (Pol II) in vitro. Here we uncover a positive role for SET in dislodging DEK and PARP1, which restrict access to chromatin in the absence of SET and the PARP1 substrate NAD+. SET binds chromatin, ...
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    Contributing more to science (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 353-353 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Bruce Alberts left research and teaching in 1993 to become the 'education president' of the US National Academy of Sciences. In the 12 years of his tenure, he worked to improve US science and math education, understanding that public servants in government with scientific and technological ...
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    Structural and biochemical insights into the regulation of protein phosphatase 2A by small t antigen of SV40 (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 527-534 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The small t antigen (ST) of DNA tumor virus SV40 facilitates cellular transformation by disrupting the functions of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) through a poorly defined mechanism. The crystal structure of the core domain of SV40 ST bound to the scaffolding subunit of human PP2A reveals that the ...
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    Structural basis of histone demethylation by LSD1 revealed by suicide inactivation (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 535-539 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Histone methylation regulates diverse chromatin-templated processes, including transcription. The recent discovery of the first histone lysine–specific demethylase (LSD1) has changed the long-held view that histone methylation is a permanent epigenetic mark. LSD1 is a flavin adenine ...
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    FANCI is a second monoubiquitinated member of the Fanconi anemia pathway (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 564-567 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Activation of the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA damage–response pathway results in the monoubiquitination of FANCD2, which is regulated by the nuclear FA core ubiquitin ligase complex. A FANCD2 protein sequence–based homology search facilitated the discovery of FANCI, a second ...
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    A leak in the EAATs (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 356-357 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Nerve cells talk to each other by squirting stored packets of neurotransmitter molecules into the synaptic cleft, a specialized, confined extracellular gap between adjacent cells. Within a millisecond after release, these transmitters evoke electrical activity by activating receptors on target ...
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    Reply to: Building meaningful models of glycoproteins (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 354-355 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] respond: The Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB, http://www.wwpdb.org) maintains the archive of macromolecular structural data determined experimentally by crystallography, NMR and cryo-EM. The wwPDB welcomes the above comments on the quality of the models of oligosaccharides contained in the ...
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    Building meaningful models of glycoproteins (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 354-354 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] To the Editor: The building of crystallographic models of proteins is guided by understanding of the primary structure of proteins and by well-established and rigorously applied stereochemical principles. However, a cursory survey of Protein Data Bank entries containing oligosaccharides suggests ...
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    SIN-fully silent: HDAC complexes in fission yeast (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 358-359 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Post-translational modifications on histones have been shown to affect virtually every process in the nucleus, including gene regulation, chromosome segregation, DNA repair and replication. Their presence is key in normal development, cell memory and cancer, and the molecular machinery responsible ...
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    Budding insights on cell polarity (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 360-362 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Budding yeast is an attractive model organism for studying cell polarity. At the onset of asymmetric cell division, vesicles are transported along cytoskeletal tracks to a predefined site of the plasma membrane. Here, they undergo exocytosis, causing the formation of a bud that enlarges to form the ...
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    Research highlights (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 364-364 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Auxin holds things together Auxins are phytohormones that are involved in plant growth regulation in response to various environmental and developmental cues. Recent data show that a signaling cascade involving the ubiquitin ligase SCFTIR1, which targets the proteolysis of the Aux/IAA family of ...
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    Corrigendum: Structural basis for autoinhibition of Notch (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 455-455 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] In the version of this article initially published, three references were missing from the reference list. The corrected reference list is shown below, and references have been renumbered accordingly. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. ...
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    Shifting nanoscopic clock gears (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 362-363 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] In 2005, the research community was startled to learn that the cyanobacterial circadian clock is run by an oscillator that is, ironically enough, rather mechanical. This revelation came when Nakajima et al. built the oscillator in vitro with three proteins — KaiA, KaiB and KaiC — and ...
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    Iron-regulatory proteins limit hypoxia-inducible factor-2α expression in iron deficiency (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 420-426 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Hypoxia stimulates erythropoiesis, the major iron-utilization pathway. We report the discovery of a conserved, functional iron-responsive element (IRE) in the 5′ untranslated region of the messenger RNA encoding endothelial PAS domain protein-1, EPAS1 (also called hypoxia-inducible ...
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    Bluetongue virus VP4 is an RNA-capping assembly line (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 449-451 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Eukaryotic organisms cap the 5′ ends of their messenger RNAs by a series of four chemical reactions. Some viruses achieve this using a single molecule; the crystal structure of such an enzyme from bluetongue virus reveals an elongated modular architecture that provides a scaffold for an ...
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    Structure-based design of a pathway-specific nuclear import inhibitor (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature structural & molecular biology 14 (2007), S. 452-454 
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    ISSN: 1545-9985
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Kapβ2 (also called transportin) recognizes PY nuclear localization signal (NLS), a new class of NLS with a R/H/Kx(2–5)PY motif. Here we show that Kapβ2 complexes containing hydrophobic and basic PY-NLSs, as classified by the composition of an additional N-terminal motif, converge in ...
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