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  • Humans  (8,115)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (5,545)
  • Astronomy  (2,493)
  • Geophysics  (1,999)
  • 2005-2009  (8,178)
  • 2000-2004  (9,963)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
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    Natural Fullerenes and Related Structures of Elemental Carbon (2006)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Astronomy ; Chemistry, Physical organic ; Geochemistry ; Life sciences ; Planetology ; Plasma (Ionized gases)
    ISBN: 9781402041358
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4135-7
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Radiation Safety Problems in the Caspian Region (2005)
    Dordrecht : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Astronomy ; Cardiology ; Chemistry, Physical organic ; Nuclear chemistry ; Radiology, Medical
    ISBN: 9781402023781
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2378-2
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    GEOSTAR: a GEophysical and Oceanographic STation for Abyssal Research (2008)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The GEOSTAR is a technological and scientific project aimed at the realisation of an autonomous benthic observatory able to perform long-term, continuous and integrated geophysical and environmental measurements in deep seafloors. The observatory is conceived to be a node of existing and future geophysical monitoring networks, making possible their extension offshore. The GEOSTAR observatory prototype hosts sensors for seismic, geomagnetic, gravimetric, geochemical and oceanographic researches up to abyssal depths (4000 m). The first 1-year scientific mission is foreseen within the end of the millennium in the abyssal plain (3400 m) of the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, where key information about the geodynamics and oceanography of the whole Mediterranean basin can be acquired.
    Description: Published
    Description: 175-183
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seafloor observatories ; Geophysics ; Water geochemistry ; Physical oceanography ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Interactive Exhibits for Geophysical Education: Uncovering the Secrets of the Earth (2008)
    WSEAS
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Educational & Outreach Group of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV, Rome, Italy) designed a portable museum to bring on the road educational activities focused on the understanding of geomagnetism, plate tectonics, seismology and seismic hazard. Here the main experiments, models and exhibits which have been successfully installed in Genoa for the Science Festival (2003, 2004) and in Rome (2005) with enthusiastic audience participation are shown.
    Description: Published
    Description: 375-381
    Description: 5.8. TTC - Formazione e informazione
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geophysics ; education ; geomagnetism ; plate tectonics ; seismology ; portable museum ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Earth-prints Open Archive (2005)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Geophysics Open archive. Free access to worldwide scientists during search and submission process. Earth-Prints is an open archive created and maintained by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia with the collaboration of Programma Nazionale Ricerche in Antartide. It is maintained by CILEA .
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Rome, Italy
    Description: open
    Keywords: Open Access ; Geophysics ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 6
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    Geosystemics (2009)
    WSEAS Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: For Geosystemics we define the science that studies the Earth system from a holistic point of view. Earth is thus considered as a whole and unique far-from-the equilibrium complex system, formed by numerous different parts (sub-systems), which do not act independently but interact each other continuously. Most interactions are nonlinear, so that we can usually say that “resultant is more than the sum of the parts”. Interactions are not only in terms of contrasts but, and mostly, cooperative and mutual organizations. We will see some aspects and properties of this approach with a few examples.
    Description: Published
    Description: Cambridge, UK, February 24-26, 2009
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geosystemics ; Earth system ; Nonlinear Analysis ; Entropy ; Geophysics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 7
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    A multidisciplinary approach to the evaluation of the mechanism that triggered the Cerda landslide (Sicily, Italy) (2005)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-02
    Description: The present paper describes a multidisciplinary approach to the evaluation of a seismically triggered landslide that occurred in the Cerda area (Italy) on September 6, 2002, about 1 h after an earthquake took place in the south Tyrrhenian Sea. The study was focused on an analysis of the role of the seismic input in triggering the landslide, in view of the evidence that no other mass movement was recorded in the adjacent areas despite geological and geomorphological spatial homogeneity. The studied area is located on a slope of the western flank of the Fiume Imera Settentrionale (Northern Sicily), which is made up of clayey–arenitic rocks. The slope inclines gently but is not uniform due to fluvial, gravitative, and rainwash processes. Field data dealing with global positioning system (GPS), geology, geomorphology, geophysics (vertical electrical sounding, or VES), and geochemistry (soil gas fluxes and composition) were acquired and analysed in order to investigate the cause–effect relationships between the earthquake and the mass movement. The GPS survey allowed us to map the ground failures that have also been classified on the basis of their kinematical meaning (i.e., compressive, distensive, or transcurrent structures). The geological analysis revealed outcropping rocks and tectonic structures. The geomorphologic survey highlighted the presence of preexisting landslide bodies. The geophysical survey detected a buried surface located at a depth of about 100 m . Finally, the geochemical survey showed that the gas released from the displaced mass came from a shallow depth and was not related to any active fault system. The abovementioned information allowed us to interpret the landslide event as a partial reactivation of a preexisting landslide body that was triggered by the earthquake.
    Description: Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Universita` e della Ricerca (MIUR), Cofinanziamento Progetti di Ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale (COFIN PRIN) 2002 Project "Valutazione dell’Erosione del Suolo in Ambiente Mediterraneo"
    Description: Published
    Description: 101–116
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Landslide ; Earthquake ; Geochemistry ; Geophysics ; GPS ; Triggering mechanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Crustal accretion and evolution at slow and ultra-slow spreading mid-ocean ridges (2009)
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2001
    Description: Half of the ocean crust is formed at spreading centers with total opening rates less than 40 km/Myr. The objective of this Thesis is to investigate temporal variations in active ridge processes and crustal aging at slow-spreading centers by comparing axial crustal structure with that on conjugate flanks of the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) (full rate, 20 km/Myr) and the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) (full rate, 14 km/Myr). Seismic refraction data collected along the rift valley and flanking rift mountains of the OH-l segment (35°N) at the MAR show that the entire crustal section is constructed within a zone that is less than 5 km wide. Shallow-level hydrothermal circulation within the axial valley is suggested by the rift mountain seismic profiles, which show that the upper crust is 20% thinner and 16% faster along strike than zero-age crust. These effects probably result from fissure sealing within the extrusive crust. Deeper crustal velocities remain relatively constant at the segment midpoint within the first 2 Myr, but are reduced near the segment offsets presumably by faulting and fracturing associated with uplift out of the rift valley. A temporal variation in axial melt supply is suggested by a 15% difference in along-strike crustal thickness between the rift valley and rift mountains, with relatively less melt supplied today than 2 Ma. Crustal accretion at the SWIR appears to occur in a similar manner as at the MAR, although gravity and seismic data indicate that the average crustal thickness is 2-4 km less at the ultra-slow spreading SWIR. A 25 Myr record on both flanks of the ridge shows that seafloor spreading has been highly asymmetric through time, with 35% faster crustal accretion on the Antarctic (south) plate. A small-offset non-transform discontinuity between two ridge segments is just as stable as two neighboring transform discontinuities, although a single mantle Bouguer gravity anomaly centered over the non-transform offset indicates that this boundary does not significantly perturb underlying mantle flow. Off-axis magnetic anomalies are recorded with high fidelity despite the very low spreading rates and the absence of a basaltic upper crust in one area. The lower crust may be the dominant off-axis carrier of the magnetic signal, contrary to traditional models of crustal magnetic structure. Morphological and gravity data show evidence of asymmetric crustal accretion across the SWIR ridge axis, with slightly warmer mantle temperatures beneath the slower-spreading African (north) plate.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through Contract No. OCE-9300450 and by the Joint Oceanographic Institutions through Subcontract No. JSC1-00.
    Keywords: Earth ; Crust ; Geophysics ; Maurice Ewing (Ship) Cruise EW96-08 ; Yokosuka (Ship) Cruise ; Kairei (Ship) Cruise ; Conrad (Ship) Cruise RC2709
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 9
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    Applications of time series analysis to geophysical data (2007)
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution June, 1980
    Description: This thesis consists of three papers applying the techniques of time series analysis to geophysical data. Surface wave dispersion along the Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean, is obtained by bandpass filtering the recorded seismogram in the frequency domain. The group velocity is anomalously low in the period range of 15-50 s, and formal inversion of the data indicates both crustal thickening to 12.5 km and low shear velocity (4.25-4.35 km/s) to depths of 40-50 km. The electromagnetic induction fields at a deep ocean site northeast of Hawaii were used to determine the electrical conductivity of the earth to 400 km depth. Singular value decomposition of the data matrix indicates three degrees of freedom, suggesting source field complications and a two dimensional conductive structure. Inversion of one of the principal terms in the response function shows an abrupt rise in electrical conductivity to 0.05 mho/m near 160 km with no resolvable decrease below this. A model study suggests that moving source fields influence the induction appreciably in the other principal response tunction. A set of piston cores from the northeast Atlantic Ocean are used to construct paleomagnetic time series covering the interval 25-127 kybp. Stratigraphic control is provided by counts of planktonic toraminifera, and empirical orthogonal function analysis shows a significant decrease in sedimentation rate at the interglaciai/glacial transition. The sediments are magnetically stable and reliable relative paleointensity measurements could be obtained. Spectral analysis of the directions reveals a predominant 10 ky periodicity and no dominant looping direction.
    Description: I was supported for the early parts of this work by a NSF Graduate Fellowship. The Walvis Ridge study was supported by the WHOI Education Office and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The induction study was funded by the NSF under grants OCE74-12730 and OCE77-8633, and by the WHOI Ocean Industries Program. The paleomagnetic study was supported by NSF contracts OCE77-82255 and ÖCE79-19258.
    Keywords: Geomagnetism ; Electromagnetic fields ; Marine sediments ; Paleomagnetism ; Geophysics ; Marine geophysics ; Atlantis II (Ship : 1963-) Cruise AII94
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 10
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    Can humans & coastal landforms co-exist? : proceedings of a workshop held at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA January 24, 2001 (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The primary objective of this publication is to share with a wider audience the valuable information and extensive dialogue that took place amongst over 140 individuals who attended the second in a series of planned workshops on the science and management of coastal landforms in Massachusetts. This workshop took place at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on January 24, 2001. The individuals who attended this workshop are actively engaged in planning, managing, regulating, engineering, educating, and studying coastal landforms and their beneficial functions. This workshop titled, Can Humans & Coastal Landforms Co-exist?’, was a natural follow-up to a previous workshop, Coastal Landform Management in Massachusetts, held at WHOI October 9-10, 1997 (proceedings published as WHOI Technical Report #WHOI-98-16). The workshop had a very practical, applied focus, providing state-of-the-art scientific understanding of coastal landform function, case history management and regulation of human activities proposed on coastal landforms, a multi-faceted mock conservation commission hearing presented by practicing technical consultants and attorneys that involved all attendees acting as regulators in breakout sessions, and, at the conclusion of the workshop, an open discussion on all issues related to the science and management of coastal landforms, including future research needs.
    Description: Funding for these proceedings was provided by WHOI Sea Grant and the NOAA National Sea Grant College Program Office, Department of Commerce, under NOAA Grant No. M10-2, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Project No. NA86R60075.
    Keywords: Coastal ; Landforms ; Humans
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 11
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    Detailed studies of the structure, tectonics, near bottom magnetic anomalies and microearthquake seismicity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 37°N (2006)
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September, 1975
    Description: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is one of the most well known and yet poorly understood spreading centers in the world. A detailed investigation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge crest near 37°N (FAMOUS) was conducted using a deeply towed instrument package. The objective was to study the detailed structure and spreading history of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge median valley, to explore the roles of volcanism and faulting in the evolution of oceanic crust, and to study the morphologic expression and structural history of the zone of crustal accretion. In addition, microearthquake surveys were conducted using arrays of free-floating hydrophones. The most recent expression of the accreting plate boundary in the Famous Rift is an alternating series of linear central volcanoes and depressions 1.5 km wide which lie within the inner floor. This lineament is marked by a sharp maximum in crustal magnetization only 2-3 km wide. Magnetic studies indicate that over 90% of the extrusive volcanism occurs within the rift inner floor, a zone 1 to 12 km wide, while volcanism is extremely rare in the rift mountains. Volcanoes created in the inner floor are transported out on, block faults, becoming a lasting part of the topography. Magnetic anomaly transition widths vary from 1 km to 8 km with time and appear to reflect a bi-stable median valley structure. The valley has either a wide inner floor and narrow terraces, in which case the volcanic zone is wide and magnetic anomalies are poorly recorded (wide transition widths); or it has a narrow inner floor and wide terraces, the volcanic zone is then narrow and anomalies are clearly recorded (narrow transition widths). The median valley of any ridge segment varies between these two structures with time. At present the. Famous Rift has a narrow inner floor and volcanic zone (1-3 km) while the south Famous Rift is at the opposite end of the cycle with a wide inner floor and volcanic zone (10-12 km). Over 95% of the large scale (〉2 km) relief of the median valley is accounted for by normal faults dipping toward the valley axis. Normal faulting along fault planes dipping away from the valley begins just past the outer walls of the valley. Outward facing normal faulting accounts for most of the decay of median valley relief in the rift mountains while crustal tilting accounts for less than 20%. The pattern of normal faulting creates a broad, undulating horst and graben relief. Volcanic features contribute little to the large scale relief, but contribute to the short wavelength (〈2km) roughness of the topography. Spreading in the Famous area is highly asymmetric with rates twice as high to the east as to the west. At 1.7 m.y.b.p. the sense of asymmetry reverses in direction with spreading faster to the west, resulting in a gross symmetry when averaged through time. The change in spreading asymmetry occurred in less than 0.15 m.y. Structural studies indicate that the asymmetric spreading is accomplished through asymmetric crustal extension as well as asymmetric crustal accretion. Spreading in the Famous area is 17° oblique. Even on a fine scale there is no indication of readjustment to an orthogonal plate boundary system. Spreading has been stably oblique for at least 6 m.y., even through a change in spreading direction. Magnetic studies reveal that the deep DSDP hole at site 332 was drilled into a magnetic polarity transition, and may have sampled rocks which recorded the earth i s field behavior during a reversal. The presence of negative polarity crust within the Brunhes normal epoch in the inner floor has been determined, and may be due to old crust left behind or recording of a geomagnetic field event. Crustal magnetization decays to lie of its initial value in less than 0.6 m.y. The rapid decay may be facillitated by very intense crustal fracturing observed in the inner floor. Microearthquake, magnetic and structural studies indicate that both the spreading and transform plate boundaries are very narrow (1-2 km) and well-defined for short periods, but migrate over zones 10-20 km wide through time.
    Keywords: Submarine geology ; Geophysics ; Geomorphology ; Plate tectonics ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN31
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 12
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    MapTool version 2 : user’s manual (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: MapTool is an interactive computer program for the display of common marine geophysical data. At present, the program displays isolines, color-filled contours, navigation tracklines, and navigated scalar values in a variety of styles. A variety of map projections are supported. This document describes the basic requirements for running the MapTool program, for creating various displays, and generating hard copy output. The supported data file formats are described. All of the options, displays, menus, and windows are documented.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-90-J-1621.
    Keywords: Mapping ; Geophysics ; Digital display software
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 13
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    Experiments in a rotating source-sink annulus (2006)
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution August, 1971
    Description: An experimental investigation of the different flow regimes in a rotating source-sink annulus is described. Both the steady and transient velocities are measured over a large range of Ekman Reynolds number and Rossby number. Differing probe configurations are used to investigate the corresponding motions in spatially separated regions of the annulus. The steady interior circulation field exhibits a strong dependence on the imposed flux values. The non-dimensional circulation increases with radius over a certain radial range for higher system Rossby number. The observed profile changes are related to the existence of an unstable Ekman layer at some inner radial position. The thickness of the observed Ekman layers is typically 85% of the theoretical scale height. For higher local Reynolds number (ReL), the thickness is generally much smaller. The width of the sidewall boundary layer adjacent to the sink increases with larger system Rossby number. Adjacent to the source, the radial boundary layer is wider than that at the sink wall. Observed oscillations are separable into three types. For ReL 〉 50, instability waves are observed in the Ekman layer flow. In the same Re range, inertial oscillations are detected in the interior region of the annulus. The observed inertial wave frequency at differing radial positions is explained by incorporating Doppler shift corrections and taking account of the steady circulation profiles. The radial wavelength of the inertial waves corresponds to the length of the Class A Ekman layer instabi1ity. For small values of Re and local Rossby number, an axisymmetric disturbance, with a characteristic frequency slightly greater than therotation rate, is observed at the outer radial positions.
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid models
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 14
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    Geophysical fluid dynamics : notes on the 1960 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 60-46, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF 12556
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
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  • 15
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    1982 summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics : particle motions in fluids (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The (Lagrangian) motion of a fluid particle was contrasted with the (Eulerian) flow past a fixed point in space during this twenty-fourth summer program in geophysical fluid dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-82-G-0079 and National Science Foundation Grant MCS-82-00450. Partial support from the Center for Analysis of Marine Systems (CAMS) at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
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    The 1960 Summer Program of Theoretical Studies in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 60-46, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: This ten-week work-study-discussion program is centered about a formal course called Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Eight participants are selected from graduate and postgraduate applicants. In the discussions emphasis is placed on the formulation of tractable research problems in geophysics. The participants are encouraged to work on satisfactory problems thus formulated and to continue with their research after returning to their respective institutions.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF 12556
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid models ; Fluid dynamics
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    The 1959 Summer Program of Theoretical Studies in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 59-53, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: This ten-week work-study-discussion program is centered about a formal course called Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Eight participants are selected from graduate and postgraduate applicants. In the discussions emphasis is placed on the formulation of tractable research problems in geophysics. The participants are encouraged to work on satisfactory problems thus formulated and to continue with their research after returning to their respective institutions.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF G-9125
    Keywords: Fluid dynamics ; Geophysics ; Fluid models
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    Geophysical fluid dynamics : notes on the 1961 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference no. 61-39, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF G-16973
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid models ; Fluid dynamics
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  • 19
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    1980 summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics : coherent features in geophysical flows (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Four principal lecturers shored the task of presenting the subject "Coherent Features in Geophysical Flows" to the participants of the twenty-second geophysical fluid dynamics summer program. Glenn Flierl introduced the topic and the Kortweg-de Vries equation via a model of finite amplitude motions on the beta plane. He extended the analysis to more complex flows in the ocean and the atmosphere and in the process treated motions of very large amplitude. Larry Redekopp's three lectures summarized an extensive body of the mathematical literature on coherent features. Andrew Ingersoll focussed on the many fascinating features in Jupiter's atmosphere. Joseph Keller supplemented an interesting summary of laboratory observations with suggestive models for treating the flows.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-79-C-0671
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
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  • 20
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    Summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics : dynamic differentation (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Those attending G.F.D. 1984 were introduced to the novel topic of Geological Fluid Mechanics by our Principal Lecturer, Herbert Huppert. He presented his studies both as a discipline with recent fascinating successes, and as a challenge to his listeners to further isolate mathematically tractable examples of these multi-component flows. Geological Fluid Mechanics has been the responsible process for the formation and modification of most of the geological objects studied today. The dynamics of fluid mixtures in magma chambers, the changing fluid boundary conditions and composition during selective crystallization of parts of the melt, and the separation of fluid fractions of different density and viscosity all represent areas in which quantitative theories are currently being tested. However, equally many areas, including convection mechanisms in the Earth's core and quantitative predictions for upper mantle motion, resist simplistic modeling.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-82-G-0079 and the National Science Foundation under Grant MCS-82-800450. Partial support acknowledged from the Center for Anatysis of Marine Systems (CAMS) at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. CAMS is supported by The Exxon Foundation, Mobil Foundation, Inc., The Ambrose Monell Foundation, The R. R. Mellon Family Foundation., the Atlantic Richfield Foundation, and by an anonymous donor.
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics : chaos (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The explosive growth of dynamieal systems theory in the past two decades stems in large part from the realization that it is applicable to many natural phenomena. Indeed, much o f the theoretical development has been sparked by numerical and laboratory experiments which exhibit ordered sequences of behavior that call for a general framework of interpretation We have been fortunate this summer to have had in residence both pioneers and developers of dynamical systems theory and its applications to fluid mechanics. Several recent texts contain the basic principles that Ed Spiegel used as a springboard for five lectures in which he exposed us to elementary examples of bifurcation and chaos, to symmetry breaking, normal forms and temporal and spatial disorder, as well as to pertinent fluid mechanical and astrophysical phenomena. Yves Pomeau continued the development with an elegant summary of different types of intermittency . Stephan Fauve agree to write up his impressive seminars on phase instability and turbulence as an extension of the lecture series. Many of the remaining seminars introduced new concepts in the theory, some with specific examples, others via mathematical development, and still others through ways of interpreting the data that emerge from calculations and experiments. As an outstanding example of this, Albert Libchaber has demonstrated the fascinating correspondence between the frequencies observed in one of his recent fluid mechanics experiments and results from number theory relating the Fibonacci series to the golden mean.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under contract NO0014-82-6-0079 and the National Science Foundation under Grants MCS-82-000450 and DMS-85-04166.
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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    Notes on the 1963 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 63-34, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: This year's lectures by Derek Moore form a detailed report of investigations on the fluid motion caused by the motion of a body in a homogeneous rotating fluid. The emphasis has been on the significance of the Taylor-Proudman theorem and the departure of the fluid from the behavior described by the Taylor-Proudman theorem. The plan was to probe deeply into one problem and thereby acquire information in a wider area of study of rotating fluids.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF GE-15l8
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 23
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    Notes on the 1966 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 66-46, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: The lecturers, Drs. Howard, Stern and Veronis, have introduced the participants to several aspects of geophysical fluid dynamics at the frontiers of current research. Their choice of topic and its development was to serve, on one hand, a pedagogic function and, on the other, to suggest a variety of allied unsolved problems.
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 24
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    Notes on the 1965 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 65-51, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 25
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    Notes on the 1968 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 68-72, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: The general circulation of the oceans was the topic of concentration for the 1968 WHOI Summer Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Ocean circulation ; Geophysics ; Fluid models
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 26
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    Notes on the 1969 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 69-41, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: The principal theme of this eleventh Summer Program has been Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics. As in the past, we have explored the region of overlap in technique and theory of our summer theme and other aspects of Fluid Dynamics. An interesting example of this overlap is the application of the physics of salt-finger instability, a significant oceanographic process, to instabilities due to differential rotation in the sun, a critical problem in stellar evolution.
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Ocean circulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 27
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    Notes on the 1975 summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The central topic of this seventeenth Geophysical Fluid Dynamics program was fluid motion in the earth's mantle and core. Our principal lecturer, Dan McKenzie, first addressed himself to the task of separating solid behavior of the mantle from fluid behavior. When the level of protest diminished Dan advanced to his numerical studies of mantle convection. The relationship of these numerical experiments and geophysical observables was impressive indeed for this first generation of mantle modeling. Intertwined seminars from P. Molnar, B. Parsons, J. Sclater and T. Atwater exposed us to data gathering and its rationale at the frontiers of geophysics. The fluid properties of the core may be less suspect than those of the mantle, but how and why the core fluid moves is still a mystery. Our associate principal lecturer, Fritz Busse, discussed the geomagnetic evidence for core motion. Then moving quickly to the more abstract problems of model geodynamos, Fritz described in five lectures his achievement of a first complete dynamic dynamo driven by convection.
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 28
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    Notes on the 1978 summer study program on dynamo models of geomagnetism in geophysical fluid dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This was the twentieth Geophysical Fluid Dynamics program at Woods Hole. Stephen Childress of the Courant Institute was our principal lecturer. Dynamo theory, with all its interdisciplinary facets was our central theme. Geomagnetism and the solar magnetic cycle were brought closer to comprehension, yet none claimed a detailed predictive theory was near at hand. Perhaps J. Keller's lecture, entitled "Smooth equations for rough problems", best characterized the nature of these studies. Even then, the smooth equations are quite nonlinear, with Finite-amplitude magnetic solutions yet to be explored. Lectures intertwined with those of Childress exposed us to topics beside and outside his emphasis on a convective geodynamo.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-78-G0072
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 29
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    Enceladus' south polar sea (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Icarus 189: 72-82, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.01.010.
    Description: Recent observations of the south pole of Saturn’s moon Enceladus by the Cassini spacecraft have revealed an active world, powered by internal heat. In this paper, we propose that localized subsurface melting on Enceladus has produced an internal south polar sea. Evidence for this localized sea comes from the shape of Enceladus, which does not match a differentiated body at its current orbital position. We show that melting induced by the observed heat flow at the south pole produces a large enough pit to match the shape of Enceladus with a differentiated rock and ice interior. Numerical modeling of melting and ice flow shows that the sea produced beneath the south pole is stable against inflow of ductile ice from its surroundings for the duration of the heating. The shape modification due to melting also produces a negative degree-two gravity anomaly, which can reorient the spin axis of Enceladus in order to place the sea at the pole.
    Keywords: Enceladus ; Satellites ; Shapes ; Interiors ; Geophysics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 30
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    Notes on the 1967 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2008)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 67-54
    Description: In former years some of the research and seminars of the WHOI Geophysical Fluid Dynamics program was concerned with determining the interior structure and motions of stars and galaxies. This year we have focused our attention downward rather than upward and have attempted to learn some things about the earth's interior. Freeman Gilbert's lectures on the inverse problem in seismology discuss one aspect of the geophysicist's attempts to infer some things about the earth's interior from the evidence which is available at the surface. Paul Robert presented a survey of the difference attempts to attribute the earth's magnetic field to dynamo action. Willem Malkus, Raymond Hide and Stephen Childress supplemented Roberts' lectures with seminars. As students of our physical environment all of us were entertained and stimulated by this introduction to the netherworld.
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 31
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    The 1961 Summer Program of Theoretical Studies in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 61-39, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: This ten-week work-study-discussion program was centered about a formal course called Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Sixteen participants were selected from graduate and postgraduate applicants. In the discussions emphasis was placed on the formulation of tractable research problems in geophysics. The participants were encouraged to work on satisfactory problems thus formulated and to continue with their research after returning to their respective institutions.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF G-16973
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid models ; Fluid dynamics
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  • 32
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    Notes on the 1962 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 62-33, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF22332
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 33
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    The 1962 Summer Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 62-38, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: Includes the preprint "Mixing-length Analyses of Turbulent Thermal Convection at Arbitrary Prandtl Number" - R. Kraichnan (1962). N.Y.U. Research Report No. HSN-6.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF22332
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 34
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    Lake Kivu expedition : geophysics, hydrography, sedimentology (preliminary report) (2008)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: In March 1971, seven members of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution were engaged in a multidisciplinary study of Lake Kivu. This expedition represents part of a long-range program concerned with the structural and hydrographical settings of the East African Rift Lakes and their relationships to the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden Rifts. The program started in May 1963 with a geophysical study on Lake Malawi (von Herzen and Vacquier, 1967). Several expeditions of our Institution into the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden area in 1964, 1965 and 1966 (Degens and Ross, 1969) provided detailed geological information on the "northern" extension of the East African Rift. And finally our study of last year on Lake Tanganyika c1osed a major gap in the program; it allowed us to out1ine a model on the evolution of a rift which starts with (i) bulging of the earth's crust, (ii) block-faulting, (iii) volcanism and hydrothermal activity, and which has its final stage in (iv) sea floor spreading (Degens et al. 1971). In the case of Lake Tanganyika, only the second stage of this evolution series has been reached, i.e. block-faulting. In contrast, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden had already evolved to active sea floor spreading, almost 25 million years ago. Somewhere along the line between Lake Tanganyika and the Gulf of Aden must lie the "missing link" of this evolution series. Lake Kivu, almost 100 miles to the north of Lake Tanganyika is situated at the highest point of the Rift Valley and is surrounded by active volcanoes and geothermal springs. As recently as 1944, lava flows reached the lake shore. This lake was therefore, a natural choice to test our hypothesis on the origin and development of rifts. Furthermore, the occurrence of large quantities of dissolved gases, e.g., CO2 and methane, represented an interesting geochemical phenomenon worthwhile to investigate.
    Description: Supported by the National Science Foundation with Grants GA 19262, GB 20956, and GU 3927; grants from the Petroleum Research Fund of the American Chemical Society PRF#1943A2; and by private research funds of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Hydrography ; Sedimentology
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 35
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    Notes on the 1964 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 64-46, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: Two distinctive features of large-scale geophysical flows are that they are dominated by the earth's rotation and that they are turbulent. This year's lecture program was an exploration of recent achievements in the study of, first, the simplest examples of turbulence, and second, the rotational constraint.
    Description: National Science Foundation and Travelers' Research Center, Inc
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 36
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    Notes on the 1973 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Nonlinear wave interactions formed the theme of the fifteenth summer program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Owen Phillips was our principal lecturer on this subject, He chose to emphasize interactions among small numbers of discrete wave modes, including both internal and surface gravity waves in his discussions. His lectures provided a stimulating introduction to this important subject. Phillips' lectures were supplemented by a lecture by William Simmons on experiments with interacting internal waves, and a lecture by Carl Wunsch on internal waves in the ocean. Later in the summer, Wunsch gave us a lecture series on practical time-series analysis.
    Description: We thank the National Science Foundation for their continuing support.
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid models
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    Notes on the 1972 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The effect of gravity on fluids of varying density is of fundamental importance in natural flows. This subject formed the topic of concentration for the fourteenth summer program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. We had the good fortune to hear Stewart Turner lecture on stratified flows just after he had completed the manuscript for his book on the subject. Turner chose to emphasize nonlinear and turbulent aspects of stratified flows and, therefore, had to give up the deductive approach in favor of treatments based on dimensional analysis and similarity arguments. This summary of the many experimental studies of these flows increased our awareness of the fascinating variety of phenomena in which stratification plays so vital a role.
    Description: Supported by the Division of Fluid Dynamics, Oceanography and Applied Mathematics of the Office of Naval Research.
    Keywords: Geophysics
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  • 38
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    Notes on the 1974 summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This year the central topic was the general circulation of the oceans. Some of the basic ideas used in wind-driven and thermohaline studies were presented in the introductory course of lectures and simple models that have guided our thinking in the development of the topic were discussed. As part of the introductory lectures Peter Niiler developed a model of the mixed layer, exploring the reasoning and the parameterization behind the theories of this important boundary region at the surface of the ocean. Dennis Moore gave a careful account of transient flows in equatorial regions and showed how dynamical conditions on the eastern and western boundaries are satisfied by a superposition of planetary, Kelvin and Yanai waves. Peter Rhines concluded the series with a discussion of topographically induced low frequency motions. At the request of the students Joseph B. Keller gave a lecture on "Solution of Partial Differential Equations by Ray Theory".
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Geophysics
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engineering geological and geophysical investigation of the reclaimed Lekki Peninsula, Lagos, South West Nigeria (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment 58 (2000), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-9537
    Keywords: Key words Sand ; Fill ; Geophysics ; Nigeria ; Coastal ; Reclamation ; Mots clés Sable ; Remblai ; Geophysique ; Nigeria ; Cótier ; Assainissement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Il est prévu d'aménager une région de la péninsule de Lekki, de l'État de Lagos. Ainsi, des études ont été entreprises afin de préciser une coupe géologique et géo-électrique des terrains superficiels: identifier les séries sableuses, déterminer leurs épaisseurs et préparer une carte des caractéristiques géomorphologiques du terrain original, avant remblaiement. Des sondages électriques verticaux et des essais au pénétromètre ont été réalisés sur un secteur sableux de la péninsule de Lekki. Les données obtenues ont montré une bonne corrélation entre les caractéristiques géomorphologiques issues de photo-interprétations et celles résultant de cartes établies à partir des résultats de prospection électrique et d'essais au pénétromètre.
    Notes: Abstract  It was hoped to develop an area of reclaimed land on the Lekki Peninsula of Lagos State. An investigation was therefore carried out in order to establish the subsurface geological/geo-electrical sequence; to identify the sand columns and determine their thickness and prepare a map of the geomorphological features of the original, pre-fill terrain. Vertical electrical resistivity soundings (VES) and penetrometer tests were carried out in a sand filled segment of the Lekki Peninsula. The information obtained showed a good correlation between the geomorphological features as interpreted from the aerial photographs and those identified from maps derived from the VES/penetrometer results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100640050006
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geophysics For Slope Stability (2000)
    Springer
    Surveys in geophysics 21 (2000), S. 423-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0956
    Keywords: Geophysics ; seismic ; electromagnetic ; geo-electric ; resistivity ; self-potential ; gravity ; boundary ; property ; slope stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A pre-requisite in slope stability analyses is that the internal structure and the mechanical properties of the soil or rock mass of the slope, are known or can be estimated with a reasonable degree of certainty. Geophysical methods to determine the internal structure of a soil or rock mass may be used for this purpose. Various geophysical methods and their merits for slope stability analyses are discussed. Seismic methods are often the most suitable because the measurements depend on the mechanical properties that are also important in the mechanical calculation of slope stability analyses. Other geophysical methods, such as electromagnetic, electric resistivity, self-potential, and gravity methods, may be useful to determine the internal structure, but require a correlation of found boundaries with mechanical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006797126800
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconnaissances pour le projet de tunnel ferroviaire Maurienne–Ambin (52 km), reliant France et Italie: adaptation des méthodes et modifications de tracé (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment 59 (2000), S. 157-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-9537
    Keywords: Mots clés Lyon–Turin ; Tunnel profond ; Reconnaissances géologiques ; Géophysique ; Forages ; Key words Lyons–Turin ; Deep tunnel ; Geological surveys ; Geophysics ; Boreholes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract  This article presents the evolution of a geological, geotechnical and geophysical survey system for tunnel projects, using the Ambin Tunnel as an example. After a short introduction to the Lyons–Turin project, the paper describes in chronological order the systems and methods used to obtain geological and geotechnical information. Finally, the paper examines the modifications made to this particular survey programme as a result of the data obtained. The consequences for the evolution of the provisional layout of the tunnel are examined. The project to construct a new Lyons–Turin rail connection is part of the European transport scheme and is a key element in the Trans-European Network. It is one of the 14 priority projects of the European Union. This new link is of great importance for passenger transportation between France and Italy in terms of the potential reduction in journey time; the travel time from Lyons to Turin, instead of the current 3 h 55 min, being reduced to 1 h 20 min. It will also accelerate the transportation of goods. Thus, it will provide the best solution to the problems of transalpine traffic congestion and enhance environmental protection. The key element in the international section of this new link is the Ambin Tunnel, which is over 52 km long, running between Saint Jean de Maurienne (France) and Susa-Bussoleno (Italy). The tunnel will go through the main geological units of the Western Alps from the ultra Dauphinese area (external zone) to the Piemontese area after cutting through the Brianconese reliefs (inner zone). Since 1990, an extensive site investigation survey has been conducted by the SNCF (the French national railway company) and the FS (the Italian 'Ferrovie dello Stato'). Since 1994, this survey has been undertaken by the European Group of Economic Interest, Alpetunnel GEIE. The investigation aimed to accurately define the layout of the tunnel and to reduce as many uncertainties as possible with regard to conditions, time and cost of building. The survey initially utilised information on ground conditions from detailed geological maps and air photographs, allowing the construction of a provisional geological cross section of the tunnel. This cross section highlighted a few areas that were poorly understood. These areas were then studied using seismic refraction and reflection, often in tandem with the drilling of boreholes for increased accuracy. Many boreholes have been drilled to determine the geotechnical characteristics in addition to understanding the geology. Many tests and in-situ measurements have also been undertaken to study the hydrogeological and geotechnical conditions in the mountains that will be bored through. In 1999 and 2000, further drilling will be undertaken in areas requiring more detailed study. Also two directional drilling projects will be started vertically and then run obliquely until reaching the horizontal. This will produce more than 1000 m of horizontal core, allowing a better knowledge of the nature of the ground along the axis of the tunnel to be gained, including geotechnical measurements, hydrogeological data and in-situ geotechnical conditions. Later on, these studies will be extended to allow the construction of three or four survey galleries with the same dimensions as the tunnel in order to check and test the in-situ rocks. Some surveys have been changed midstream as a result of initial results. For example, deeper drilling was undertaken following the realisation that a seismic reflector was present a few metres below . It has also proved necessary to change the layout of the survey gallery at Modane and to change its cross section after the results of the first set of boreholes were analysed. Layers of karst, water-filled cavities, soft ground and flowing water were all found. The layout of the tunnel itself has been changed in several places following the results of the boreholes, seismic data or geotechnical tests. Examples include the first mile of the French side, several miles in the Brianconese coal measures, and the underground service installations. These results have led to an increased construction of survey galleries.
    Notes: Resumé Cet article a pour but de présenter l'évolution des reconnaissances géologique, géotechnique et géophysique menées sur un projet de tunnel, à travers l'exemple concret du tunnel d'Ambin, maillon clé de la partie internationale du projet de nouvelle liaison ferroviaire transalpine Lyon-Turin. A travers la description et les commentaires des résultats obtenus par plus de 80 forages (de 50 à 1520 m de longueur), plus de 100 km de sismique de surface et de la sismique de puits réalisée dans une trentaine de forages, nous montrons la progression et l'adaptation des reconnaissances dans une suite logique d'investigations. Nous présentons également les adaptations apportées en cours d'investigation, entreprises en temps réel au vu des premiers résultats, ainsi que les conséquences sur l'évolution du tracé prévisionnel du tunnel et de certaines galeries de reconnaissances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100640000043
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  • 42
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    Initiation of plate boundary slip in the Nankai Trough off the Muroto peninsula, southwest Japan (2005)
    In:  Geophys. Res. Lett., Taipei, EGS, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 1474-1482, pp. L12306, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: Subduction zone ; Plate tectonics ; decollement ; Geol. aspects ; Ocean Drilling Program ; GRL ; 0500 ; Computational ; Geophysics ; (3200, ; 3252, ; 7833) ; 0900 ; Exploration ; Geophysics ; 3000 ; Marine ; Geology ; and ; Geophysics ; 8000 ; Structural ; Geology ; 8100 ; Tectonophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 43
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    Initiation of shear instability in three-dimensional elastodynamics (2002)
    In:  J. Geophys. Res., London, Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., vol. 107, no. B7, pp. ESE 4-1 to ESE 4-18, pp. 2147, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: Seismology ; Three dimensional ; Dynamic ; Source ; Modelling ; Fracture ; 7209 ; Earthquake ; dynamics ; and ; mechanics ; 3230 ; Mathematical ; Geophysics: ; Numerical ; solutions ; 7260 ; Seismology: ; Theory ; and ; modeling ; 7299 ; 3299 ; Mathematical ; Geophysics ; JGR
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  • 44
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    HIV-1 diversity and vaccine development (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nabel, Gary -- Makgoba, William -- Esparza, Jose -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 28;296(5577):2335.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12090274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Developing Countries ; *Genetic Variation ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/immunology/prevention & control ; HIV-1/*genetics/*immunology ; Humans
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The development of electroporation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heller, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11789539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Electroporation ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Humans ; Transfection/*methods
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cancer. BRCA2 enters the fray (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, John H -- Elledge, Stephen J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1822-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/metabolism ; BRCA2 Protein/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Mice ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Rats ; Recombination, Genetic ; Replication Protein A
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    Genetics. Please don't call it cloning! (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogelstein, Bert -- Alberts, Bruce -- Shine, Kenneth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 15;295(5558):1237.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. vogelbe@welch.jhu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11847324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioethical Issues ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Organism/legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; *Stem Cells ; *Terminology as Topic ; United States
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    Transcription. Unlocking the gates to gene expression (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fry, Christopher J -- Peterson, Craig L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 8;295(5561):1847-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. craig.peterson@umassmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11884741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Acetyltransferases/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromatin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Enterocytes/cytology/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Fungal ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Interferon-beta/genetics ; Models, Genetic ; Nucleosomes/chemistry/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin/genetics
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    Lab v. field: the case for studying real-life bugs (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):92-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; *Anopheles/genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; *Culicidae/genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Ecology ; Genetics, Population ; Genome ; Humans ; *Insect Vectors/genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Malaria/prevention & control/transmission ; Molecular Biology ; Mosquito Control ; Plasmodium/physiology ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genomics. Gene duplication and evolution (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynch, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):945-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. mlynch@bio.indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; *Gene Duplication ; Gene Rearrangement ; Gene Silencing ; *Genes, Duplicate ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Selection, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Visualization and functional analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase lattices (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: Positive-strand RNA viruses such as poliovirus replicate their genomes on intracellular membranes of their eukaryotic hosts. Electron microscopy has revealed that purified poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase forms planar and tubular oligomeric arrays. The structural integrity of these arrays correlates with cooperative RNA binding and RNA elongation and is sensitive to mutations that disrupt intermolecular contacts predicted by the polymerase structure. Membranous vesicles isolated from poliovirus-infected cells contain structures consistent with the presence of two-dimensional polymerase arrays on their surfaces during infection. Therefore, host cytoplasmic membranes may function as physical foundations for two-dimensional polymerase arrays, conferring the advantages of surface catalysis to viral RNA replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyle, John M -- Bullitt, Esther -- Bienz, Kurt -- Kirkegaard, Karla -- AI-42119/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2218-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Inclusion Bodies, Viral/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Poliovirus/*enzymology/physiology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Replicase/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; RNA, Viral/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Viral Core Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Replication
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    Chemical synthesis of poliovirus cDNA: generation of infectious virus in the absence of natural template (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-13
    Description: Full-length poliovirus complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized by assembling oligonucleotides of plus and minus strand polarity. The synthetic poliovirus cDNA was transcribed by RNA polymerase into viral RNA, which translated and replicated in a cell-free extract, resulting in the de novo synthesis of infectious poliovirus. Experiments in tissue culture using neutralizing antibodies and CD155 receptor-specific antibodies and neurovirulence tests in CD155 transgenic mice confirmed that the synthetic virus had biochemical and pathogenic characteristics of poliovirus. Our results show that it is possible to synthesize an infectious agent by in vitro chemical-biochemical means solely by following instructions from a written sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cello, Jeronimo -- Paul, Aniko V -- Wimmer, Eckard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1016-8. Epub 2002 Jul 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5222, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Capsid/metabolism ; Cell-Free System ; DNA, Complementary/*chemical synthesis/genetics ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; Female ; *Genome, Viral ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neutralization Tests ; Poliomyelitis/virology ; *Poliovirus/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity/physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Viral/*chemical synthesis/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Virus/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Plaque Assay ; Viral Proteins ; Virulence ; Virus Replication
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    Planetary science. NASA's new road to faster, cheaper, better exploration (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1320-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *Planets ; Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic ; Solar System ; Space Flight/*economics/*organization & administration/trends ; Spacecraft ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space ; Administration/*economics/*organization & administration/trends
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    Stem cells. Setting standards for human embryonic stem cells (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brivanlou, Ali H -- Gage, Fred H -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Jessell, Thomas -- Melton, Douglas -- Rossant, Janet -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):913-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. brvnlou@rockefeller.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; *Cell Line ; Culture Media ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Databases, Factual ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; Quality Control ; Registries ; Research/standards ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Transfection
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    Construction and analysis of a human-chimpanzee comparative clone map (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: The recently released human genome sequences provide us with reference data to conduct comparative genomic research on primates, which will be important to understand what genetic information makes us human. Here we present a first-generation human-chimpanzee comparative genome map and its initial analysis. The map was constructed through paired alignment of 77,461 chimpanzee bacterial artificial chromosome end sequences with publicly available human genome sequences. We detected candidate positions, including two clusters on human chromosome 21 that suggest large, nonrandom regions of difference between the two genomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujiyama, Asao -- Watanabe, Hidemi -- Toyoda, Atsushi -- Taylor, Todd D -- Itoh, Takehiko -- Tsai, Shih-Feng -- Park, Hong-Seog -- Yaspo, Marie-Laure -- Lehrach, Hans -- Chen, Zhu -- Fu, Gang -- Saitou, Naruya -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Suto, Yumiko -- Hattori, Masahira -- Sakaki, Yoshiyuki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):131-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. afujiyam@gsc.riken.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Contig Mapping ; Female ; Gene Library ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; X Chromosome/genetics ; Y Chromosome/genetics
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    Disrupted timing of discontinuous but not continuous movements by cerebellar lesions (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: Patients with cerebellar damage are known to exhibit deficits in the temporal control of movements. We report that these deficits are restricted to discontinuous movements. Cerebellar patients exhibited no deficit in temporal variability when producing continuous, rhythmic movements. We hypothesize that the temporal properties of continuous movements are emergent and reflect the operation of other control parameters not associated with the cerebellum. In contrast, discontinuous movements require an explicit representation of the temporal goal, a function of the cerebellum. The requirement for explicit temporal representation provides a parsimonious account of cerebellar involvement in a range of tasks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spencer, Rebecca M C -- Zelaznik, Howard N -- Diedrichsen, Jorn -- Ivry, Richard B -- NS17778/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS30256/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS40813/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1437-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 3210 Tolman Hall #1650, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. rspencer@socrates.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cerebellar Diseases/*physiopathology ; Cerebellum/physiology/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Motor Activity ; Movement ; *Psychomotor Performance ; Spinocerebellar Degenerations/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
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    Altered peptide ligands and MS treatment (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conlon, Paul -- Steinman, Lawrence -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 7;296(5574):1801-2; author reply 1801-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12053936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Ligands ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Multiple Sclerosis/*drug therapy ; Peptide Fragments/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use
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    Obesity drug pipeline not so fat (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gura, Trisha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):849-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agouti-Related Protein ; Animals ; Anti-Obesity Agents/adverse effects/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Appetite/drug effects ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cyclobutanes/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Energy Intake ; Ghrelin ; Humans ; Hunger/drug effects ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lactones/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Leptin/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuropeptide Y/metabolism/pharmacology ; Obesity/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Peptide Fragments ; Peptide Hormones/metabolism/pharmacology ; Peptide YY/metabolism/pharmacology ; Phentermine/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Proteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Corticotropin/metabolism ; Receptors, Melanocortin ; Weight Loss ; alpha-MSH/metabolism
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    Portraits of science. Logic, learning, and experimental medicine (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nutton, Vivian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):800-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine, University College London, Euston House, 24 Eversholt Street, London NW1 1AD, UK. v.nutton@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anatomy/history ; Anatomy, Comparative/history ; Animals ; Education, Medical/history ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; *Logic ; Philosophy, Medical/*history ; Physician's Role ; Research/*history ; Rome ; Turkey
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    Ecology. Soil fertility and hunger in Africa (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanchez, Pedro A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2019-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Center for Research in Agroforestry, Post Office Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya. P.sanchez@cgiar.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Agriculture/*methods ; Biomass ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Fertilizers ; *Food Supply ; Forestry ; Humans ; Hunger ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Phosphates ; Plant Development ; Public Policy ; *Soil ; Trees/growth & development ; United Nations ; Zea mays/growth & development
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    Infectious disease. Another disease blights families in Siberia's far north (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):644.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Siberia/epidemiology ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias/*epidemiology/*genetics ; *Trinucleotide Repeats
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    Inflammatory arthritis. How immune system gangs up on joints (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beckman, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 6;297(5587):1626-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12215618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthritis/*immunology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Humans ; Joints/*immunology ; Mast Cells/immunology ; Mice
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    Stromal effects on mammary gland development and breast cancer (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Breast cancer manifests itself in the mammary epithelium, yet there is a growing recognition that mammary stromal cells also play an important role in tumorigenesis. During its developmental cycle, the mammary gland displays many of the properties associated with breast cancer, and many of the stromal factors necessary for mammary development also promote or protect against breast cancer. Here we review our present knowledge of the specific factors and cell types that contribute to epithelial-stromal crosstalk during mammary development. To find cures for diseases like breast cancer that rely on epithelial-stromal crosstalk, we must understand how these different cell types communicate with each other.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2788989/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2788989/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wiseman, Bryony S -- Werb, Zena -- CA57621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA057621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA057621-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1046-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/cytology/physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Breast/cytology/embryology/*growth & development/physiology ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology/*physiopathology ; Cell Communication ; Epithelial Cells/physiology ; Extracellular Matrix/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology/embryology/*growth & development/physiology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology/*physiopathology ; Morphogenesis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pregnancy ; Signal Transduction ; Stromal Cells/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Infectious disease. A many-headed medusa (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):643.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Brain/*pathology ; Chronic Disease ; Encephalomyelitis/*pathology/*physiopathology ; Humans
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolutionary discrimination of mammalian conserved non-genic sequences (CNGs) (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Analysis of the human and mouse genomes identified an abundance of conserved non-genic sequences (CNGs). The significance and evolutionary depth of their conservation remain unanswered. We have quantified levels and patterns of conservation of 191 CNGs of human chromosome 21 in 14 mammalian species. We found that CNGs are significantly more conserved than protein-coding genes and noncoding RNAS (ncRNAs) within the mammalian class from primates to monotremes to marsupials. The pattern of substitutions in CNGs differed from that seen in protein-coding and ncRNA genes and resembled that of protein-binding regions. About 0.3% to 1% of the human genome corresponds to a previously unknown class of extremely constrained CNGs shared among mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T -- Reymond, Alexandre -- Scamuffa, Nathalie -- Ucla, Catherine -- Kirkness, Ewen -- Rossier, Colette -- Antonarakis, Stylianos E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 7;302(5647):1033-5. Epub 2003 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Medical Genetics and National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Frontiers in Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School and University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Emmanouil.Dermitzakis@medecine.unige.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic/*genetics ; Discriminant Analysis ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genetic Code ; Genome ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/genetics ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; Species Specificity ; Time ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Generation of an LFA-1 antagonist by the transfer of the ICAM-1 immunoregulatory epitope to a small molecule (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: The protein-protein interaction between leukocyte functional antigen-1 (LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is critical to lymphocyte and immune system function. Here, we report on the transfer of the contiguous, nonlinear epitope of ICAM-1, responsible for its association with LFA-1, to a small-molecule framework. These LFA-1 antagonists bound LFA-1, blocked binding of ICAM-1, and inhibited a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with potency significantly greater than that of cyclosporine A. Furthermore, in comparison to an antibody to LFA-1, they exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. These results demonstrate the utility of small-molecule mimics of nonlinear protein epitopes and the protein epitopes themselves as leads in the identification of novel pharmaceutical agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gadek, T R -- Burdick, D J -- McDowell, R S -- Stanley, M S -- Marsters, J C Jr -- Paris, K J -- Oare, D A -- Reynolds, M E -- Ladner, C -- Zioncheck, K A -- Lee, W P -- Gribling, P -- Dennis, M S -- Skelton, N J -- Tumas, D B -- Clark, K R -- Keating, S M -- Beresini, M H -- Tilley, J W -- Presta, L G -- Bodary, S C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1086-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Genentech, One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. trg@gene.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemical ; synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Dermatitis, Irritant/drug therapy ; Dinitrofluorobenzene ; Drug Design ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epitopes ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology/pharmacology ; Immunosuppressive Agents/chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/chemistry/*immunology/*metabolism ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/immunology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Mimicry ; Mutagenesis ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thiophenes/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; beta-Alanine/analogs & derivatives/*chemical ; synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology
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    Infectious disease. Siberia's deadly stalker emerges from the shadows (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):642-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/epidemiology ; Encephalomyelitis/ethnology/*etiology/pathology/virology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Herpesviridae/immunology/isolation & purification ; Herpesviridae Infections/ethnology/pathology/virology ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Rural Health ; Siberia/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases/ethnology/pathology/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genetics. Toward a new vocabulary of human genetic variation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2271140/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2271140/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sankar, Pamela -- Cho, Mildred K -- R01 HG002189/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002189-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002189-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HGO 2189-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 15;298(5597):1337-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Bioethics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3308, USA. sankarp@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12434037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Continental Population Groups/*genetics ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Genetic Markers ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; Terminology as Topic
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    Genetics. FDA races in wrong direction (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: Despite recent genetic evidence and the promise of individualized medicine, there is a continuing interest in using self-identified categories of race and ethnicity as variables in scientific and medical research. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently proposed a standardized approach for the collection of race and ethnicity data in clinical trials. We believe that this move fails to acknowledge new scientific data and recommend that relevant data from individuals be collected and used rather than broad group statistics. We also encourage that increased funding be committed to this important issue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haga, Susanne B -- Venter, J Craig -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):466.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Advancement of Genomics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Continental Population Groups/genetics ; *Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Variation ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Pharmacogenetics ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: Soluble oligomers are common to most amyloids and may represent the primary toxic species of amyloids, like the Abeta peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we show that all of the soluble oligomers tested display a common conformation-dependent structure that is unique to soluble oligomers regardless of sequence. The in vitro toxicity of soluble oligomers is inhibited by oligomer-specific antibody. Soluble oligomers have a unique distribution in human AD brain that is distinct from fibrillar amyloid. These results indicate that different types of soluble amyloid oligomers have a common structure and suggest they share a common mechanism of toxicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kayed, Rakez -- Head, Elizabeth -- Thompson, Jennifer L -- McIntire, Theresa M -- Milton, Saskia C -- Cotman, Carl W -- Glabe, Charles G -- AG00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG16573/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS31230/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):486-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/pathology ; Amyloid/chemistry/toxicity ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/analysis/*chemistry/immunology/toxicity ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Biopolymers/analysis/chemistry/toxicity ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Cell Survival ; Humans ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molecular Mimicry ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/chemistry ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Rabbits ; Solubility ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Recent segmental duplications in the human genome (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: Primate-specific segmental duplications are considered important in human disease and evolution. The inability to distinguish between allelic and duplication sequence overlap has hampered their characterization as well as assembly and annotation of our genome. We developed a method whereby each public sequence is analyzed at the clone level for overrepresentation within a whole-genome shotgun sequence. This test has the ability to detect duplications larger than 15 kilobases irrespective of copy number, location, or high sequence similarity. We mapped 169 large regions flanked by highly similar duplications. Twenty-four of these hot spots of genomic instability have been associated with genetic disease. Our analysis indicates a highly nonrandom chromosomal and genic distribution of recent segmental duplications, with a likely role in expanding protein diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bailey, Jeffrey A -- Gu, Zhiping -- Clark, Royden A -- Reinert, Knut -- Samonte, Rhea V -- Schwartz, Stuart -- Adams, Mark D -- Myers, Eugene W -- Li, Peter W -- Eichler, Evan E -- CA094816/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM58815/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG002318/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1003-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Center for Computational Genomics, and Center for Human Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Exons ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; *Gene Duplication ; Gene Rearrangement ; *Genes, Duplicate ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteome ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment
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    Adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma caused by mutations in optineurin (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) affects 33 million individuals worldwide and is a leading cause of blindness. In a study of 54 families with autosomal dominantly inherited adult-onset POAG, we identified the causative gene on chromosome 10p14 and designated it OPTN (for "optineurin"). Sequence alterations in OPTN were found in 16.7% of families with hereditary POAG, including individuals with normal intraocular pressure. The OPTN gene codes for a conserved 66-kilodalton protein of unknown function that has been implicated in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling pathway and that interacts with diverse proteins including Huntingtin, Ras-associated protein RAB8, and transcription factor IIIA. Optineurin is expressed in trabecular meshwork, nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, retina, and brain, and we speculate that it plays a neuroprotective role.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rezaie, Tayebeh -- Child, Anne -- Hitchings, Roger -- Brice, Glen -- Miller, Lauri -- Coca-Prados, Miguel -- Heon, Elise -- Krupin, Theodore -- Ritch, Robert -- Kreutzer, Donald -- Crick, R Pitts -- Sarfarazi, Mansoor -- EY-09947/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1077-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics ; Ciliary Body/metabolism ; Exons ; Eye Proteins/analysis/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*genetics ; Golgi Apparatus/chemistry ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation ; *Mutation, Missense ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Ocular Hypertension/genetics ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Retina/metabolism ; Trabecular Meshwork/metabolism ; *Transcription Factor TFIIIA ; Zinc Fingers
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    Parkinson's disease. Coincidence or connection? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):451-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada/epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; *Famous Persons ; Female ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/*epidemiology/etiology ; *Television ; Time Factors ; Virus Diseases/complications/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Toxicology. Fruit bats linked to mystery disease (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11951013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/epidemiology/etiology ; Animals ; *Chiroptera ; *Cycas ; Cycasin/toxicity ; *Diet ; Guam/epidemiology ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/epidemiology/*etiology ; Neurotoxins/toxicity ; Parkinsonian Disorders/epidemiology/etiology ; Plant Poisoning/epidemiology ; Plants, Toxic ; Seeds
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Historical essay. The early years of HIV/AIDS (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallo, Robert C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1728-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Human Virology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Serodiagnosis/history ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*history/immunology/virology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; France ; *HIV/classification/isolation & purification/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/isolation & purification/physiology ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 2/isolation & purification/physiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/history/isolation & purification/physiology ; Patents as Topic/history ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/history/isolation & purification/metabolism ; United States ; Virus Cultivation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Longevity research. In vino vitalis? Compounds activate life-extending genes (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, Stephen S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 29;301(5637):1165.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12947168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Caloric Restriction ; *Flavonoids ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Histone Deacetylases/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Phenols/metabolism ; Polymers/metabolism ; Polyphenols ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/physiology ; Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces ; cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuin 2 ; Sirtuins/*genetics/metabolism ; Stilbenes/*metabolism ; Vitis/chemistry ; *Wine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 77
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    Historical essay. Prospects for the future (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallo, Robert C -- Montagnier, Luc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1730-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Human Virology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use ; *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/prevention & ; control/transmission/virology ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Drug Costs ; Female ; HIV/drug effects ; Health Services/economics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; International Cooperation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Research Support as Topic ; Technology Transfer ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 78
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    Lateralized cognitive processes and lateralized task control in the human brain (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: The principles underlying human hemispheric specialization are poorly understood. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging of letter and visuospatial decision tasks with identical word stimuli to address two unresolved problems. First, hemispheric specialization depended on the nature of the task rather than on the nature of the stimulus. Second, analysis of frontal candidate regions for cognitive control showed increased coupling between left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left inferior frontal gyrus during letter decisions, whereas right ACC showed enhanced coupling with right parietal areas during visuospatial decisions. Cognitive control is thus localized in the same hemisphere as task execution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephan, Klaas E -- Marshall, John C -- Friston, Karl J -- Rowe, James B -- Ritzl, Afra -- Zilles, Karl -- Fink, Gereon R -- 077029/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):384-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medicine (IME), Research Centre Julich, 52425 Julich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Cognition ; Functional Laterality ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Humans ; *Language ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Space Perception ; Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 79
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    Lupus: mysterious disease holds its secrets tight (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):689-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology/metabolism ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Autoantigens/immunology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Immune System/physiopathology ; Immunotherapy ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*etiology/genetics/immunology/therapy ; Male ; Mental Processes ; *Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear ; Risk Factors ; snRNP Core Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    Genomics. Mmu 16--comparative genomic highlights (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Copeland, Neal G -- Jenkins, Nancy A -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1617-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA. copeland@ncifcrf.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Rearrangement ; Genes ; Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains/*genetics ; Multigene Family ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Synteny
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    Neuroscience. Power to the paralyzed (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 24;299(5606):497.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12543950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology/*rehabilitation ; Brain/*physiology ; *Communication Aids for Disabled ; *Computer Systems ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Software ; *User-Computer Interface
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 82
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    Immunotherapeutic approaches to Alzheimer's disease (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Although neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease are not classically considered mediated by inflammation or the immune system, in some instances the immune system may play an important role in the degenerative process. Furthermore, it has become clear that the immune system itself may have beneficial effects in nervous system diseases considered neurodegenerative. Immunotherapeutic approaches designed to induce a humoral immune response have recently been developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. These studies have led to human trials that resulted in both beneficial and adverse effects. In animal models, it has also been shown that immunotherapy designed to induce a cellular immune response may be of benefit in central nervous system injury, although T cells may have either a beneficial or detrimental effect depending on the type of T cell response induced. These areas provide a new avenue for exploring immune system-based therapy of neurodegenerative diseases and will be discussed here with a primary focus on Alzheimer's disease. We will also discuss how these approaches affect microglia activation, which plays a key role in therapy of such diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monsonego, Alon -- Weiner, Howard L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):834-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. amonsonego@rics.bwh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*therapy ; Alzheimer Vaccines/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Central Nervous System/immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Immunization ; *Immunotherapy/adverse effects ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Microglia/immunology ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 83
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    Aging and genome maintenance: lessons from the mouse? (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-01
    Description: Recent progress in the science of aging is driven largely by the use of model systems, ranging from yeast and nematodes to mice. These models have revealed conservation in genetic pathways that balance energy production and its damaging by-products with pathways that preserve somatic maintenance. Maintaining genome integrity has emerged as a major factor in longevity and cell viability. Here we discuss the use of mouse models with defects in genome maintenance for understanding the molecular basis of aging in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hasty, Paul -- Campisi, Judith -- Hoeijmakers, Jan -- van Steeg, Harry -- Vijg, Jan -- AG17242/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 28;299(5611):1355-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA. hastye@uthscsa.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12610296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging/genetics ; Aging, Premature/*genetics ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Aging ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Helicases/genetics/metabolism ; *DNA Repair/genetics ; Exodeoxyribonucleases ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Longevity/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; RecQ Helicases ; Syndrome ; Telomere/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Comment on "Obesity and the environment: where do we go from here?" (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butte, Nancy F -- Ellis, Kenneth J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 1;301(5633):598; author reply 598.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12893926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Diet ; *Energy Intake ; *Energy Metabolism ; *Exercise ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Life Style ; *Obesity/epidemiology/prevention & control ; United States/epidemiology ; *Weight Gain
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  • 85
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    AIDS and Africa: still a sad story (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1053.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*economics/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/transmission ; Africa/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/economics ; Financing, Government ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; South Africa/epidemiology ; United States
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  • 86
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    Crystal structure of the GpIbalpha-thrombin complex essential for platelet aggregation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: Direct interaction between platelet receptor glycoprotein Ibalpha (GpIbalpha) and thrombin is required for platelet aggregation and activation at sites of vascular injury. Abnormal GpIbalpha-thrombin binding is associated with many pathological conditions,including occlusive arterial thrombosis and bleeding disorders. The crystal structure of the GpIbalpha-thrombin complex at 2.6 angstrom resolution reveals simultaneous interactions of GpIbalpha with exosite I of one thrombin molecule,and with exosite II of a second thrombin molecule. In the crystal lattice,the periodic arrangement of GpIbalpha-thrombin complexes mirrors a scaffold that could serve as a driving force for tight platelet adhesion. The details of these interactions reconcile GpIbalpha-thrombin binding modes that are presently controversial,highlighting two distinct interfaces that are potential targets for development of novel antithrombotic drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dumas, John J -- Kumar, Ravindra -- Seehra, Jasbir -- Somers, William S -- Mosyak, Lidia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):222-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Blood Platelets/chemistry/physiology ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; *Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Thrombin/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 87
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    Molecular pathways of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex disorder with many different causes, yet they may intersect in common pathways, raising the possibility that neuroprotective agents may have broad applicability in the treatment of PD. Current evidence suggests that mitochondrial complex I inhibition may be the central cause of sporadic PD and that derangements in complex I cause alpha-synuclein aggregation, which contributes to the demise of dopamine neurons. Accumulation and aggregation of alpha-synuclein may further contribute to the death of dopamine neurons through impairments in protein handling and detoxification. Dysfunction of parkin (a ubiquitin E3 ligase) and DJ-1 could contribute to these deficits. Strategies aimed at restoring complex I activity, reducing oxidative stress and alpha-synuclein aggregation, and enhancing protein degradation may hold particular promise as powerful neuroprotective agents in the treatment of PD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawson, Ted M -- Dawson, Valina L -- NS38377/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):819-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. tdawson@jhmi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Brain/*metabolism/pathology ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Electron Transport Complex I/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nerve Degeneration ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism/pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; Parkinson Disease/*etiology/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Parkinsonian Disorders/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Synucleins ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein
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    Chromosomal speciation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowers, Evelyn J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):764-5; author reply 764-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetics, Population ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; *Selection, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic
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  • 89
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    Polyubiquitination of p53 by a ubiquitin ligase activity of p300 (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: Rapid turnover of the tumor suppressor protein p53 requires the MDM2 ubiquitin ligase, and both interact with p300-CREB-binding protein transcriptional coactivator proteins. p53 is stabilized by the binding of p300 to the oncoprotein E1A, suggesting that p300 regulates p53 degradation. Purified p300 exhibited intrinsic ubiquitin ligase activity that was inhibited by E1A. In vitro, p300 with MDM2 catalyzed p53 polyubiquitination, whereas MDM2 catalyzed p53 monoubiquitination. E1A expression caused a decrease in polyubiquitinated but not monoubiquitinated p53 in cells. Thus, generation of the polyubiquitinated forms of p53 that are targeted for proteasome degradation requires the intrinsic ubiquitin ligase activities of MDM2 and p300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grossman, Steven R -- Deato, Maria E -- Brignone, Chrystelle -- Chan, Ho Man -- Kung, Andrew L -- Tagami, Hideaki -- Nakatani, Yoshihiro -- Livingston, David M -- CA15751/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):342-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenovirus E1A Proteins/metabolism ; Animals ; Catalysis ; Cells, Cultured ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism
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    Calculating the benefits of regulation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roelofs, Cora R -- Ellenbecker, Michael J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1372.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Environmental Health ; *Government Regulation ; *Health ; Humans ; Safety ; United States ; *United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration ; *Value of Life
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  • 91
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    Polymer replicas of photonic porous silicon for sensing and drug delivery applications (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-29
    Description: Elaborate one-dimensional photonic crystals are constructed from a variety of organic and biopolymers, which can be dissolved or melted, by templating the solution-cast or injection-molded materials in porous silicon or porous silicon dioxide multilayer (rugate dielectric mirror) structures. After the removal of the template by chemical dissolution, the polymer castings replicate the photonic features and the nanostructure of the master. We demonstrate that these castings can be used as vapor sensors, as deformable and tunable optical filters, and as self-reporting, bioresorbable materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Yang Yang -- Cunin, Frederique -- Link, Jamie R -- Gao, Ting -- Betts, Ronald E -- Reiver, Sarah H -- Chin, Vicki -- Bhatia, Sangeeta N -- Sailor, Michael J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 28;299(5615):2045-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Department 0358, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12663921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biocompatible Materials ; Caffeine ; *Drug Delivery Systems ; Ethanol ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Light ; *Nanotechnology ; Optics and Photonics ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Polyesters/chemistry ; Polyethylene/chemistry ; *Polymers ; Polystyrenes/chemistry ; Porosity ; *Silicon/chemistry ; Silicon Dioxide/chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis ; Volatilization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Reversing the inactivation of peroxiredoxins caused by cysteine sulfinic acid formation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: The active-site cysteine of peroxiredoxins is selectively oxidized to cysteine sulfinic acid during catalysis, which leads to inactivation of peroxidase activity. This oxidation was thought to be irreversible. However, by metabolic labeling of mammalian cells with 35S, we show that the sulfinic form of peroxiredoxin I, produced during the exposure of cells to H2O2, is rapidly reduced to the catalytically active thiol form. The mammalian cells' ability to reduce protein sulfinic acid might serve as a mechanism to repair oxidatively damaged proteins or represent a new type of cyclic modification by which the function of various proteins is regulated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woo, Hyun Ae -- Chae, Ho Zoon -- Hwang, Sung Chul -- Yang, Kap-Seok -- Kang, Sang Won -- Kim, Kanghwa -- Rhee, Sue Goo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):653-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Cell Signaling Research and Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catalysis ; Cell Line ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Cysteine/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/*metabolism ; Methionine/metabolism ; Mice ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peroxidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Peroxiredoxins ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/metabolism ; Sulfinic Acids/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Chromosomal instability and tumors promoted by DNA hypomethylation (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eden, Amir -- Gaudet, Francois -- Waghmare, Alpana -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- CA87869/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):455.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics/physiology ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; *Loss of Heterozygosity ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sarcoma/*genetics ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Closing of the nucleotide pocket of kinesin-family motors upon binding to microtubules (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: We have used adenosine diphosphate analogs containing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin moieties and EPR spectroscopy to show that the nucleotide-binding site of kinesin-family motors closes when the motor.diphosphate complex binds to microtubules. Structural analyses demonstrate that a domain movement in the switch 1 region at the nucleotide site, homologous to domain movements in the switch 1 region in the G proteins [heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins], explains the EPR data. The switch movement primes the motor both for the free energy-yielding nucleotide hydrolysis reaction and for subsequent conformational changes that are crucial for the generation of force and directed motion along the microtubule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naber, Nariman -- Minehardt, Todd J -- Rice, Sarah -- Chen, Xiaoru -- Grammer, Jean -- Matuska, Marija -- Vale, Ronald D -- Kollman, Peter A -- Car, Roberto -- Yount, Ralph G -- Cooke, Roger -- Pate, Edward -- AR39643/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR42895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- DK05915/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM29072/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR1081/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):798-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. naber@itsa.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine Nucleotides/*metabolism ; Adenosine Diphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrolysis ; Kinesin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Probes/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Spin Labels
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Arctic ecology. For precarious populations, pollutants present new perils (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1642.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Canada ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects ; Environmental Pollutants/*analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infection/epidemiology/etiology ; *Inuits ; Memory ; Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A heterozygote advantage (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedrick, Philip W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):57.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; *Heterozygote ; Humans ; Kuru/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Papua New Guinea ; PrPC Proteins/*genetics ; *Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Radar evidence for liquid surfaces on Titan (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Arecibo radar observations of Titan at 13-centimeter wavelength indicate that most of the echo power is in a diffusely scattered component but that a small specular component is present for about 75% of the subearth locations observed. These specular echoes have properties consistent with those expected for areas of liquid hydrocarbons. Knowledge of the areal extent and depth of any deposits of liquid hydrocarbons could strongly constrain the history of Titan's atmosphere and surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campbell, Donald B -- Black, Gregory J -- Carter, Lynn M -- Ostro, Steven J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):431-4. Epub 2003 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center and Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. campbell@astro.cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Astronomical Phenomena ; Astronomy ; Atmosphere ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Hydrocarbons ; Ice ; Radar ; *Saturn ; Water
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Structural dynamics of eukaryotic chromosome evolution (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: Large-scale genome sequencing is providing a comprehensive view of the complex evolutionary forces that have shaped the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes. Comparative sequence analyses reveal patterns of apparently random rearrangement interspersed with regions of extraordinarily rapid, localized genome evolution. Numerous subtle rearrangements near centromeres, telomeres, duplications, and interspersed repeats suggest hotspots for eukaryotic chromosome evolution. This localized chromosomal instability may play a role in rapidly evolving lineage-specific gene families and in fostering large-scale changes in gene order. Computational algorithms that take into account these dynamic forces along with traditional models of chromosomal rearrangement show promise for reconstructing the natural history of eukaryotic chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eichler, Evan E -- Sankoff, David -- GM58815/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD43569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HG02385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):793-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Center for Human Genetics and Center for Computational Genomics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. eee@po.cwru.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Centromere/physiology ; Chromosome Aberrations ; *Chromosomes/genetics/physiology/ultrastructure ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Gene Duplication ; Genome ; Humans ; Recombination, Genetic ; Synteny ; Telomere/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Infectious disease. An avian flu jumps to people (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, Bernice -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1504.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Birds/virology ; Chickens/virology ; Child ; China/epidemiology ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/*virology ; Influenza, Human/*virology ; Male ; Virulence ; World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Comment on "On the origin of interictal activity in human temporal lobe epilepsy in vitro" (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wozny, Christian -- Kivi, Anatol -- Lehmann, Thomas-Nicolas -- Dehnicke, Christoph -- Heinemann, Uwe -- Behr, Joachim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):463; author reply 463.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Research Center, at the Charite, Humboldt University of Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology/*physiopathology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; Hippocampus/pathology/*physiopathology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Neurons/physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism ; Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; Temporal Lobe/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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