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  • Animals  (9,987)
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • Ertrag
  • Niederschlag
  • 2010-2014  (7,129)
  • 1995-1999  (2,969)
  • 1950-1954  (33)
  • 1945-1949  (37)
Collection
Keywords
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from multiple protein data sets (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 238-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Cellular slime molds ; Animals ; Fungi ; Plantae ; Maximum-likelihood method ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from 18S rRNA data contradicts that from protein data. Protein trees always show the close affinity of Dictyostelium with animals, fungi, and plants, whereas in 18S rRNA trees the branching of Dictyostelium is placed at a position before the massive radiation of protist groups including the divergence of the three kingdoms. To settle this controversial issue and to determine the correct position of Dictyostelium, we inferred the phylogenetic relationship among Dictyostelium and the three kingdoms Animalia, Fungi, and Plantae by a maximum-likelihood method using 19 different protein data sets. It was shown at the significance level of 1 SE that the branching of Dictyostelium antedates the divergence of Animalia and Fungi, and Plantae is an outgroup of the Animalia-Fungi-Dictyostelium clade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170678
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary relationships of eukaryotic kingdoms (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 42 (1996), S. 183-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Small-subunit ribosomal RNA ; Phylogeny ; Animals ; Fungi ; Plants ; Alveolates ; Heterokonts ; Stramenopiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolutionary relationships of four eukaryotic kingdoms—Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista—remain unclear. In particular, statistical support for the closeness of animals to fungi rather than to plants is lacking, and a preferred branching order of these and other eukaryotic lineages is still controversial even though molecular sequences from diverse eukaryotic taxa have been analyzed. We report a statistical analysis of 214 sequences of nuclear small-subunit ribosomal RNA (srRNA) gene undertaken to clarify these evolutionary relationships. We have considered the variability of substitution rates and the nonindependence of nucleotide substitution across sites in the srRNA gene in testing alternative hypotheses regarding the branching patterns of eukaryote phylogeny. We find that the rates of evolution among sites in the srRNA sequences vary substantially and are approximately gamma distributed with size and shape parameter equal to 0.76. Our results suggest that (1) the animals and true fungi are indeed closer to each other than to any other “crown” group in the eukaryote tree, (2) red algae are the closest relatives of animals, true fungi, and green plants, and (3) the heterokonts and alveolates probably evolved prior to the divergence of red algae and animal-fungus-green-plant lineages. Furthermore, our analyses indicate that the branching order of the eukaryotic lineages that diverged prior to the evolution of alveolates may be generally difficult to resolve with the srRNA sequence data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02198844
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Segmentation and tracking of piglets in images (1995)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 8 (1995), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: Tracking ; Segmentation ; Pigs ; Animals ; Computer vision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract An algorithm was developed for the segmentation and tracking of piglets and tested on a 200-image sequence of 10 piglets moving on a straw background. The image-capture rate was 1 image/140 ms. The segmentation method was a combination of image differencing with respect to a median background and a Laplacian operator. The features tracked were blob edges in the segmented image. During tracking, the piglets were modelled as ellipses initialised on the blobs. Each piglet was tracked by searching for blob edges in an elliptical window about the piglet's position, which was predicted from its previous two positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01215814
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Animal Consciousness and Ethics in Asia and the Pacific (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 10 (1997), S. 249-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: Animals ; Asia ; consciousness ; Australia ; Hong Kong ; India ; Israel ; Japan ; New Zealand ; The Philippines ; Russia ; Singapore ; Thailand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals, and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand. Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007774409131
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  • 5
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    Feldfrüchte und Witterung. (1949)
    In:  Deut. Landwirtschaflt. Presse 72:Nr. 3;6.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1949
    Description: Beziehung zwischen der Witterung und dem Ertrag verschiedener Kulturen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Ostdeutschland ; 1900-1935 ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Witterung
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  • 6
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    Das Frühjahr 1952 und die Frostschäden im Niederelbegebiet (1952)
    In:  Mitt. Obstbauvers. ring Altes Land, York 7:102-115.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Bericht über die Folgen des Spätfrostes im Jahr 1952 an verschiedenen Obstbaumarten (Äpfel, Birnen, Kirschen, Beeren) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag von Obstbäumen. KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Januar, Februar, März) +, dann Vegetationsbeginn - (früher); Delta Nied (Februar-Mai) -, dann Ertrag (Boskoop, Coulon, Kehdinger Rambur, Cox) -; Delta T (Mai) - : T 〈 0 °C(Spätfröste), dann Schäden der Früchte an Obstbäumen -;
    Keywords: Niederelbe ; 1952 ; Apfel ; Kirsche ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Frost ; Obst ; Birne
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  • 7
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    Der Einfluss der Witterung auf den Massenwechsel des Rapserdflohs (Psylloides chrysocephala L.) (1947)
    In:  Nachrichten Blatt für den deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, p. 101-104
    Details
    Publication Date: 1947
    Description: Beobachtungen zu den Witterungsverhältnissen im Winter 1946/47 und im Sommer 1947 und deren Auswirkungen auf den Rapserdfloh sowie ein Vergleich mit ähnlichen vergangenen Ereignissen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag) und der Entwicklung des Rapserdflohs KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T: T 〈 6°C, dann Eiablage; Delta T +, dann Schlüpfergebnis -; T 〉 30°C, dann keine Entwicklung von Larven Delta Nied -, dann Austrocknung der Eier +;
    Keywords: Mecklenburg, Thüringen, Sachsen, Brandenburg ; 1946-1947 ; Boden ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung ; Raps
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  • 8
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    Recent changes in the climatic yield potential of various crops in Europe (2010)
    In:  Agricultural Systems, Volume: 103, Issue: 9, p.683-694
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010
    Description: Mit Hilfe des Crop Growth Monitoring Systems wurden Veränderungen im simulierten potentiellen Ertrag von Kulturpflanzen und in der Biomasseproduktion beobachtet, die durch die Temperaturänderungen und Globalstrahlungsmuster hervorgerufen werden. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Die Veränderungen im potentiellen Ertrag sind geographisch unterschiedlich. In Italien und Südmitteleuropa sinkt bei mehr als drei Arten der potentielle Ertrag signifikant. In nordeuropäischen Regionen wie Großbritannien steigt das Ertragspotential mehrerer Kulturpflanzen. KATASTER-DETAIL: -
    Keywords: Europa ; 1967-2005 ; Ertrag ; Temperatur ; Globalstrahlung
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  • 9
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    Winter wheat yield response to climate variability in Denmark (2011)
    In:  Journal of Agricultural Science, Volume: 149, p.33-47
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011
    Description: Verwendung eines gemischten Regressionsmodels für die Vorhersage der Kornernte unter fünf Klimaszenarien für zwei Bodentypen (sandige und lehmige Böden) und zwei Regionen in Dänemark (West Zealand und Central Jutland). KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Auswirkung von Änderungen im Klima (Temperatur und Strahlung) auf die Ernteerträge von Getreide. Im Durchschnitt nehmen die Erträge unter den projizierten Klimaänderungen um 1.6-12.3% ab. Die durchschnittliche Abnahme bis 2020 beträgt 3.6% verglichen zum Jahr 1985 und 8.0% bis 2040. Die Abnahme ist für West Zealand größer als für Central Jutland und für lehmige Böden größer als für sandige Böden. KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Sommer) +, dann Erträge -; Delta Sonn (Sommer, Frühling) +, dann Erträge +; Delta T (Winter) = 4,4°C, dann Erträge = max; Delta T (Winter) 〉/〈 4,4°C, dann Erträge -;
    Keywords: Dänemark ; 1992-2008, 2020, 2040 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Modell
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  • 10
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    Über die Zusammenhänge zwischen Witterung, Düngung und Ertrag auf einem leichten Sandboden. (Dargestellt an einem Thyrower Dauerversuch). (1952)
    In:  Dissertation, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Untersuchungen über zusammenhänge zwischen Düngung und Ertrag, Witterung und Ertragsbildung, sowie Witterung und Düngewirkung bei den Hauptfrüchten (Winterroggen, Hafer, Kartoffeln) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag) und der Ertragsbildung sowie zischen der Witterung und der Wirkung der Düngungsarten (mineralisch und organisch) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (März) + und Delta Nied (März) -, dann Trockenschäden an Winterroggen +; kritische Periode (Winterroggen): Wasserversorgung gegen Ende der Blüte; Delta Nied (1. Junihälfte), dann Erträge (Winterroggen) +; Delta T (März) +, dann Schädigung (Hafer) +; Delta T (März) - und Delta Nied (März) +, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Nied (Ende der Blüte) + und Delta T (Ende August) +, dann Erträge (Kartoffeln) +; Delta Nied (kurz vor dem Ähren- bzw. Rispenschieben) -, dann relative Leistung der organischen Düngung (Winterroggen und Hafer) +; Delta Nied (kurz vor dem Ähren- bzw. Rispenschieben) +, dann Leistung der mineralischen Düngung (Winterroggen und Hafer) +; Delta Nied + (steigend), dann Wirkung mineralischer Düngung +; Delta Nied (Juni) -, dann Wirkung organischer Düngung +,
    Keywords: Thyrow, Brandenburg ; 1936-1952 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Roggen ; Witterung ; Düngung
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  • 11
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    Kapitel Wald (2013)
    In:  ???
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    Publication Date: 2013
    Description: Simulationen mithilfe des Models 4C zu möglichen Auswirkungen der Klimaänderungen des RCP 8.5 Klimaszenariums auf Wälder in Deutschland Kiefer Fichte Eiche Buche KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Auswirkungen des Klimawandels (Temperatur, Niederschlag, CO2-Gehalt der Atmosphäre) auf die Wälder KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Frühjahr) + und Delta Nied (Frühjahr) -, dann Produktivität der Wälder -; Delta C02 + um 25 - 30 %, dann Produktion der Wälder + um 9 - 20%; Delta T + (an nicht wasserlimitierten Standorten), dann Produktivität der Wälder +; Delta CO2+, dann Wassernutzungseffizienz der Wälder +; Delta T (Sommer) +, dann Waldbrandgefahr +; Delta T (Sommer) + und Delta Nied (Sommer) - (= WaBi -), dann Trockenstress der Wälder + um bis zu 9% und dann Produktivität der Wälder -; Delta T (Sommer) + und Delta Nied (Sommer) -, dann Populationsdichte Kiefern-Großschädlinge +;
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 20. und 21. Jahrhundert ; Boden ; Buche ; Eiche ; Fichte ; Forst ; Kiefer ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Phänologie ; Sturmschaden ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Verdunstung ; Waldbrand ; Waldwachstum ; Wassermangel ; Wind ; Grundwasser ; Modell
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  • 12
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    A model of leaf area development and senescence for winter oilseed rape (1998)
    In:  Field Crops Research 57, p.209-222
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998
    Description: Beschreibung eines Untermodels zur Simulation des Blattflächenindex von Raps KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Châlons und Grignon, Frankreich und Jyndevad, Dänemark ; 1991-1995 ; Ertrag ; Vegetationsperiode ; Wachstum ; Raps ; Modell
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  • 13
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    Modelling climate impacts on crop yields in Belgium (2010)
    In:  Climate Research, Volume 44, Issue: 1, p.55-68
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010
    Description: Entwicklung eines neuen regionalen Ernte-Models (REGCROP) zur Abschätzung von Auswirkungen des Klimas auf die regionale Ackerfruchtproduktion. Es wurden Durchläufe für 3 verschiedene Klimaszenarien und 3 typische belgische Böden (Ton, Lehm, lehmiger Sand) durchgeführt. Die Klimaauswirkungen wurden mit historischen Wetterauswirkungen verglichen. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss des Klimas (Temperatur, Niederschlag, Luftfeuchte) auf den Ertrag von Kulturpflanzen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T +, dann Entwicklung der Kulturpflanze + und Vegetationszeit -; Delta T + (Hitzestress) und Delta Nied - (Trockenheit), dann Ertrag (Zuckerrüben) - um 12-27% und Ertrag (Kartoffeln) - um 23-44%; Delta Nied + (Vernässung), dann Ertrag (Wintergetreide) - um 5-12%; Delta T + und günstige Dampfdruckdefizite, dann Ertrag + um 6-7%;
    Keywords: Belgien ; 1960-2008 ; Zuckerrüben ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Klima ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Modell
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  • 14
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    Quantitative Entwicklung von Flachseen in Brandenburg im Klimawandel (2014)
    In:  Kaden, S., Dietrich, O., Theobald, S. (Hrsg.). Wassermanagement im Klimawandel – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Anpassungsmaßnahmen. Berlin: oekom in Erscheinen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014
    Description: Teilergebnise des BMBF-Verbundforschungsprojektes INKA BB, des TP 22 „Nachhaltige Managementstrategien für glaziale Seen Brandenburgs im Klimawandel“. Ergebnisse aus Berechnungen mit dem NA-Modell EGMO-D für STAR2-Szenarion mit 0 und 2K Temperaturanstieg zur Wasserstandsentwicklung von Flachseen im Raum Brandenburg KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Absenkung der Seewasserspiegel im Extremfall um mehrere Meter, am größten in den Seen im Südosten Berlins und nehmen zum Nordwesten ab, Zunahme der Absenkungen ist am stärksten für Seen, welche im Vergleich zum Zufluss ein großes Volumen besitzen KATASTER-DETAIL: Tmit für (ECAHM, A1B, STAR 0.0T, d.h. T1 0.0 ... kein weiterer Temperaturanstieg nach 2000 und STAR 2.0K, d.h. T2.0 ... weiterer Temperaturanstieg nach 2000 um ca. 2K bis 2060), bis zum Jahr 2018 Stationarität des Füllungsregimes, erst danach Absenkungen zu erwarten Tmit (0K und 2K), von 0,5 m im Jahr 2018 bis auf 4,2 m im Jahr 2053, diejenigen mit 10% Überschreitungswahrscheinlichkeit von 0,4 m bis auf 2,4 m
    Keywords: Nordostdeutschland ; Szenarien 2004-2053 ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Verdunstung ; Abfluss ; Grundwasser
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  • 15
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    Klimawandel und Apfelertrag - Einfluss von Witterung und Klima auf die Ertragsbildung an der Niederelbe (2011)
    In:  DGG-Proceedings, Vol. 1, No. 3, p. 1-5. DOI: 10.5288/dgg-pr-01-03-hh-2011
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    Publication Date: 2011
    Description: Modifizierte Wasserhaushalts- und Ertragsmodell SIMWASER wurde genutzt, um auf der Grundlage von Klimaszenarien zukünftige Apfelerträge an der Niederelbe abzuschätzen. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: ECHAM5/ OM IPCC, Szenariolauf 1, WETTREG Klimaszenarien A1B und B1, Eingang in das Regressionsmodell fanden das Vorerntejahr (*) die Sonnenscheindauer von April-Juni [Sd(04-06)*], Minimumtemperatur im November [Tn(11)*], Sonnenscheindauern im März/April [Sd(0304)] und im Mai/Juni [Sd(0506)] und die Niederschlagshöhe im Juli des Erntejahres [P07] Modellrechnungen ergeben bis zum Ende des 21.Jahrhunderts Veränderungen der phänologischen Phasen sowie der Apfelerträge.Insbesondere die signifikante Verkürzung der Periode BBCH[61-87] (p〈0.01) um 28(Szenario A1B) bzw. 19 Tage (Szenario B1) bis zum Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts ist vermutlich der maßgebliche Faktor für die signifikante Abnahme der Erträge um ca. 7 % an der Niederelbe bei sonst gleichbleibenden Rahmenbedingungen. KATASTER-DETAIL: Anomalie (yi in Prozent) der beobachteten Erträge (xoy) zum linearen Ertragstrend (xlyt) bestimmt: yi = (xoy)i / (xlyt)i Ertagsabweichung delta-y = 0.805679 + 0.00103065 Sd(04-06)* - 0.0468646 Tn11* - 0.00110369 Sd(0304) + 0.00031381 Sd(0506) - 0.00153245 P07
    Keywords: Niedersachsen ; 1973-2006 und Szenarium von 2001-2100 ; Apfel ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Vegetationsperiode ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 16
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    Die Beziehung zwischen Ertrag und Witterung beim Kernobst (1952)
    In:  Z. f. Acker- und Pflanzenbau 95:233-260
    Details
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Zusammenhang zwischen der Temperatur und dem Niederschlag zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: (Einteilung in Dekaden) zu verschiedenen, ertragsrelevanten Zeiträumen (Blühreife, Anlagestadium, Knospenstadium und Blütenstadium) von Apfel und Birnen und Zusammenhang zu Niederschlag und Temperatur bei verschiedenen Sorten KATASTER-DETAIL: Nied+(〉30mm) (Knospendifferenzierung, 20.6-20.7. des Vorjahres), Nied+(〉70mm im März), Nied+ (〉20mm 1-10 Tage vor der Blüte), Tmit*(Tmin 〈-2°C als Nachftrost kritisch, vor, währed und 30 Tage nach der Blüte) und Nied- (〈70mm, bis 30 Tage nach der Blüte) führten zu hohen Erträgen
    Keywords: Baden-Württemberg, Hohenheim ; 1936-1947 ; Apfel ; Ertrag ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Frost ; Obst ; Birne
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    Analysis of uncertainties in the hydrological response of a model-based climate change impact assessment in a subcatchment of the Spree River, Germany (2013)
    In:  Hydrological Processes, early view: 10.1002/hyp.9933.
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    Publication Date: 2013
    Description: Ergebnisse aus Berechnungen mit den hydrologischen Modellen HBV-light und WaSiM-ETH angetrieben von den regionalen Klimamodellen (RCM) STAR (+2K, 100 Realisierungen, statistisch), WettReg2010 (A1B, 10 Realisierungen, statistisch), CCLM (A1B, 2 Realisierungen, dynamisch) und REMO (A1B, 1 Realisierung, dynamisch). Untersucht wurden zum einen die Unsicherheiten bezüglich des Einflusses der RCMs und hydrologischen Modelle auf die Endergebnisse sowie die zukünftige Abflussentwicklung in einem Teileinzugsgebiet der Oberen Spree KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Bei der Betrachtung von langjährigen Abflussmittelwerten trägt die Wahl des RCMs die größte Unsicherheit zur Gesamtbandbreite des Modellensembles bei. Die Ergebnisse der hydrologischen Modelle unterscheiden sich nur geringfügig. Die Vulnerabilität des Einzugsgebiets bezüglich klimatischer Änderungen bleibt unbeantwortet, da zum Teil gegensätzlich Entwicklung der tatsächlichen Verdunstung und des Abflusses simuliert werden aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Niederschlagsentwicklungen der RCM KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Temp: Alle RCMs (STAR (+2.4 °C), WettReg (+1.9 °C), CCLM (+1.6 °C), REMO (+1.2 °C)) Temperaturanstieg bis 2060 (dynamische RCMs schwächeren Anstieg im Vergleich zu den statistischen RCMs) Delta ETP: Alle RCMs Anstieg der potenziellen Verdunstung (ETP, Ansatz: Penman-Monteith). Statistische Modelle deutlich stärkeren Anstieg aufgrund geringerer Luftfeuchte und stärkeren Anstieg der Globalstrahlung (STAR: +135 mm/a, WettReg: +171 mm/a) im Vergleich zu den dynamischen RCMs (REMO: +12 mm/a, CCLM: +40 mm/a); Delta Nied: dynamische RCMs berechnen im Mittel leichten Anstieg (REMO: +38 mm/a, CCLM: +1 mm/a), statistische RCMs im Mittel erheblichen Rückgang (STAR: 120 mm/a, WettReg: 105 mm/a); Delta Tatsächliche Verdunstung: dynamische RCMs leichten Anstieg (REMO: zwischen +7-+18 mm/a, CCLM: zwischen +4-+10 mm/a, je nach hydrologischem Modell), statistische RCMs leichten Rückgang (STAR: zwischen -12 - -22 mm/a, WettReg: zwischen -2 - -10 mm/a, je nach hydrologischem Modell)
    Keywords: Lausitz, Nordostdeutschland ; 2031-2060 ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Verdunstung ; Globalstrahlung ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Niedrigwasser ; Abfluss ; Grundwasser ; Modell
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  • 18
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    Auswirkungen potenzieller Änderungen des Klimas und der Braunkohleförderung und -verstromung auf natürliche und bewirtschaftete Abflüsse in den Lausitzer Flusseinzugsgebieten (2014)
    In:  Kaden, S., Dietrich, O., Theobald, S. (Hrsg.). Wassermanagement im Klimawandel – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Anpassungsmaßnahmen. München: oekom verlag, 2014, S. 121-140
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014
    Description: Ergebnisse von Simulationen der potenziellen zukünftigen natürlichen bzw. bewirtschafteten Abflüsse auf Basis der hydrologischen Modelle SWIM, EGMO, WaSiM-ETH und HBV-light bzw. des Langfristbewirtschaftungsmodells WBalMo für Klimaszenarien von STAR (weiterer Temperaturanstieg um 0 K, 2 K bzw. 3 K) sowie WettReg A1B und eines Szenarios zur Braunkohleförderung und -verstromung (Rückgang des Grundwasserabsenkungsgebiets und der Sümpfungswassereinleitung) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Rückgang der mittleren natürlichen und bewirtschafteten Abflüsse aufgrund steigender Temperaturen (und der potenziellen Evapotranspiration) sowie teilweise Rückgang der Niederschläge Bei den natürlichen Abflüssen sind die Effekte des Rückgangs des Grundwasserabsenkungsgebiets und der damit verbundenen Vergrößerung der abflusswirksamen Fläche geringer als die Auswirkungen der klimatischen Änderungen. Unsicherheiten der Ergebnisse sowohl aufgrund der Wahl des Klimaszenarios als auch des hydrologischen Modells KATASTER-DETAIL: Delte T (STAR 0K, : 2013-53 vs. 1961-1990) leichter Anstieg der natürlichen Abflüsse durch Rückgang des Grundwasserabsenkungsgebiets; jedoch Rückgang im Vergleich zur Referenzperiode um bis zu 20 % Delte T (STAR 2K, STAR 3K und WettReg A1B: Rückgang der natürlichen Abflüsse im Verlauf des Szenariozeitraums, dabei Rückgang der mittleren Abflüsse (MQ)m Vergleich zur Referenzperiode um bis zu 40 % (STAR 2K) bzw. 50 % (STAR 3K und WettReg A1B), dieser Effekt wird zum Teil durch Rückgang des Grundwasserabsenkungsgebiets gemildert. Bewirtschaftete Abflüsse STAR 0K: z.T. Anstieg bis 2030 STAR 2K, STAR 3K: deutlicher Rückgang ab 2030
    Keywords: Lausitz ; 2013-2053 ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Abfluss ; Grundwasser ; Modell
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    Die Ertragsbildung in Rekorderntejahren bei Getreide (1948)
    In:  Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung, Düngung, Bodenkunde 40:114-129.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1948
    Description: Beschreibung der Witterung innerhalb bestimmter Zeitabschnitte bei Rekordernten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Infolge von Wachstumshemmung, durch Trockenheit in der Jugend, und Transpirationseinschränkungen, durch ausbleibende Hitzeperioden im Alter, werden die, durch den Wechsel der Jahreszeiten gegebenen, starken Unterschiede in der Versorgung der Pflanzen wesentlich gemildert KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (März-April) -, dann Erträge ++; Delta T (März) + und Delta T (April) -, dann Erträge ++; Hitzeperioden (Mai-Juni) -, dann Erträge +; Delta T (Juli-August) + und Delta Nied (Juli-August)-, dann Erträge +; Trockenperioden (Juli-August) +, dann Erträge +;
    Keywords: Ostdeutschland ; 1929-38 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wachstum ; Witterung
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    Beobachtungen über das Auftreten der Pfirsichblattlaus in Nordbaden während der beiden Extremjahre 1947 und 1948 im Zusammenhang mit der Frage des Kartoffelabbaues (1949)
    In:  Nachr.-Bl. Biol. Ztr.-Anst. Braunschweig, p. 72-73
    Details
    Publication Date: 1949
    Description: Untersuchungen zum Auftreten der Pfirsichblattlaus und zum Befall mit der Blattrollkrankheit KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Abhängigkeit der Stärke des Pfirsichblattlausauftretens vom Niederschlag im Mai/Juni KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied: Nied 〉 80mm, dann Laus -
    Keywords: Baden ; 1947 - 1948 ; Kartoffeln ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling
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    Korrelaionen zwischen Witterung und Ernteertrag (1945)
    In:  Verh. Schweiz. Naturforsch. Ges. Freiburg, 135-137
    Details
    Publication Date: 1945
    Description: Beziehung von Temperatur und Niederschlag zum Ertrag von Getreide KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Anzahl der Tage mit Niederschlag im Juli (Korrelationskoeffizient =-0.6) hat höchste Korrelation bei Winterweizen KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Schweiz ; 1942-44 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen
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    Das Zusammenwirken der Wachstumsfaktoren bei der Ertragsbildung (1954)
    In:  Zeitschr. Acker- und Pflanzenbau 98: 145-186
    Details
    Publication Date: 1954
    Description: Zusammenwirken von N, P und K bei der Ertragsbildung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland, Versuchsstationen ; 1900-1953 ; Ertrag ; Witterung ; Düngung
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  • 23
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    Untersuchungen über die Beziehungen von Ernte- und Klimaschwankungen in der Wetterau (1948)
    In:  Diss., Gießen
    Details
    Publication Date: 1948
    Description: Rangordung der Ertrage nach Gruppen und Korrelationen zu Witterungsfaktoren; Ertragsaufzeichenungen von Betrieben und Klimaaufzeichnungen aus stat. Berichten der Wetterau KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Ertragsrückgänge bei Wassermangel,Relation zwischen Ertrag und Temperatur/Luftfeuchte insb. bei Hackfrüchten KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Herbst) -, Delta T (Winter) +, Delta T (Frühjahr) +, Delta Nied (Mai) +, Delta T (letzte Monate des Ausreifens) -, Delta Sonn (letzte Monate des Ausreifens) +, dann Ertrag +;
    Keywords: Wetterau, Hessen ; 1924-1938 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 24
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    Klima und Witterung in ihrer Auswirkung auf die Qualität pflanzlicher Erzeugnisse (1952)
    In:  Landw. Forsch. Darmstadt, 2. Sonderheft: 51-60
    Details
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Überblick über die Zusammenhänge zwischen Klima bzw. Witterung und Pflanzenqualität von Ackerfrüchten, Wiesengräsern, Obst, Gemüse, Gewürzpflanzen und Wein KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag, Sonnenschein, Strahlung) auf die Qualität verschiedener Anbaukulturen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Erntezeit) + und Delta Nied (Erntezeit) -, dann Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Körner (Ackerfrüchte) -; Delta T (Erntezeit) - und Delta Nied (Erntezeit) +, dann Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Körner (Ackerfrüchte) +; Delta T (Zeit der Kornausbildung) ++ und Delta Nied (Zeit der Kornausbildung) -, dann Stärkegehalt der Körner (Ackerfrüchte) - und Einweißgehalt der Körner + sowie Größe der Körner -; Delta T (Zeit von Milch- zur Voll- und Todreife) + und Delta Sonn (Zeit von Milch- zur Voll- und Todreife) + und Delta Nied (Zeit von Milch- zur Voll- und Todreife) -, dann besserer Kleber und gute Backfähigkeit; Delta blaue Strahlung +, dann Einweißgehalt - und Kleberqualität +; Delta Nied (Juni, Juli) +, dann Fermenttätigkeit +; Informationen zu den anderen Anbaukulturen: siehe Artikel
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1. Hälfte 20. Jahrhundert ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wachstum ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte ; Obst ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Wein ; Gemüse
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  • 25
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    Klimaschäden. Betriebswirtschaftliche Betrachtungen aus dem mitteldeutschen Raum (1953)
    In:  Gesunde Pflanzen 5: 261-263
    Details
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Beschreibung der Auswirkungen von Spätfrösten auf den Ertrag von verschiedenen frostempfindlichen Kulturpflanzen (Winter-Gerste, Erbsen, Kartoffeln) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (April) + und Delta T (Mai) - (Spätfröste), dann Ertrag (Erbsen) --; Delta T (April) + und Delta T (Mai) - (Spätfröste), dann Erntezeitpunkt (Kartoffeln) + (später);
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1952 ; Kartoffeln ; Anbautermine ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Wachstum ; Wassermangel ; Witterung ; Frost ; Gerste ; Erbsen
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  • 26
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    Witterung und Pflanzenwachstum (unter Benutzung langjähriger phänologischer Beobachtungen aus Thüringen). (1952)
    In:  Akademie-Verlag Berlin, Abhandlungen des meteorologischen und hydrologischen Dienstes der deutschen demokratischen Republik, Nr. 14, Bd. II.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Phänogramme und Beschreibung der Abhängigkeit verschiedenster Zeigerpflanzen des Frühlings (Schneeglöckchen, Rosskastanie, Flieder), des Sommers (Holunder, Roggen) und des Herbstes von meteorologischen Faktoren und Vergleich mit landwirtschaftlich wichtigen phänologischen Phasen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Eintritt phänologischer Phasen ist von den Temperatursummen abhängig; Einfluss der Temperatur auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T +: T 〉 8°C, dann Beginn Pflanzenwachstum; Delta T (Mai und Juni) -, dann Erträge Winterroggen +;
    Keywords: Thüringen ; 1881-1909, 1929-1948 ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Phänologie ; Temperatur
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    Untersuchungen über die Biologie und Bekämpfung der Obstbaumspinnmilbe Paratetranychus pilosus Can. et Fanz (1947)
    In:  Diss. Bonn, 118p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1947
    Description: Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung der Obstbaumspinnmilbe, ihrer Eiablage und ihres sonstigen Verhaltens unter natürlichen Umweltbedingungen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhänge zwischen Temperatur und Niederschlag und der Anzahl und dem zeitlichen Vorkommen der Generationen sowie des Schlüpfens der Larven. KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied +, dann Zeit für Entwicklung der Milben +; Delta T +, dann Zeit von Eiablage bis Schlüpfen -; Delta T + ,Delta Sonn + und/oder Delta Relf +, dann Anzahl schlüpfender Larven +; Delta T - und/oder Delta Nied +, dann Zeit für Entwicklung der Larven und Nymphen +; Delta T - und/oder Delta Nied +, dann Mortalität(Larven und Nymphen)+; Delta T + und Delta Relf -, dann Anzahl gelegter Sommereier +; Delta T +, dann Zeit für Entwicklung der Sommereier -; Delta T -, dann Anzahl gelegter Wintereier -; T 〈= 8°C, dann keine Eiablage; Delta Wind +, dann Anzahl abgewehter Milben +; Delta T (Frühjahr und Sommer) + und Delta Relf (Frühjahr und Sommer) -, dann starker Befall
    Keywords: Bergisches Land und Labor ; 1943-1944, 1946 ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Obst
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    Über das Auftreten und die Bekämpfung des Rüben-Derbrüsslers Bothynoderes (Cleonus) punctiventris im Jahre 1948 sowie über einige andere schädliche Rüssler des Rübenbaues (1948)
    In:  Nachr. Bl. Deutscher Pflanzenschutzdienst, Heft 3/4, Jahrgang 2, p. 33-36
    Details
    Publication Date: 1948
    Description: Allgemeine Beobachtungen zur Lebensweise des Rüben-Derbrüsslers KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen dem Massenauftreten des Käfers und der Witterung im Frühjahr und Sommer KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T: T 〈 12-14°C, dann Ende der Winterruhe; Delta T+, dann Flugbeginn; Delta Nied (Frühjahr und Sommer) +, dann Massenauftreten +;
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1948 ; Zuckerrüben ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung
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    Witterungsfaktoren als Urheber der Massenvermehrung des Rübenderbrüßlers (Bothynoderes punctioventris) 1947-1949 in Mitteldeutschland (1951)
    In:  Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie, p.567-575
    Details
    Publication Date: 1951
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Massenauftreten des Rübenderbrüßlers in Abhängigkeit von der vorherrschenden Witterung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen der Witterung (Bodentemperatur und Bodenfeuchte) und dem Massenauftreten des Käfers KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Sommer) +, dann Mortalität +; Delta T (Sommer des Vorjahres) + und Delta Nied (Sommer des Vorjahres) - sowie Delta T ( Frühjahr des Schadjahres) +, dann Massenauftreten des Käfers +; Delta T: Tmit (Boden) 〉 10°C, Auskriechen der Käfer aus dem Boden
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1947-1949 ; Insekten ; Zuckerrüben ; Boden ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung
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    Biologie, Epidemiologie und Bekämpfung des Rübenderbrüßlers (Bothynoderes punctiventris Germ.) (1952)
    In:  Beiträge zur Entomologie, Band 2, Nr. 2/3, p. 256-315
    Details
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen zur Biologie, Epidemiologie und Bekämpfung des Rübenderbrüßlers KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einflüsse der Witterung auf die Entwicklung und das Massenauftreten des Käfers KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T und Delta Nied und Delta Sonn: T(Boden)〉8°C und Delta Nied -, Delta T (Luft) + und Delta Sonn +, dann Verlassen des Bodens; Delta T -, dann Unterbrechungen der Abwanderung +; Delta T und Delta Sonn: T〉=22°C und Sonnenschein, dann Flug; Delta T: T〉= 15-17°C, dann Reifung; T=26,2°C und Relf=30-37%, dann maximale Eizahl; T〈2°C, dann Erstarrungszustand; Delta Nied (Mai, Juni) -, dann Massenauftreten +; Delta T +, dann Eizahl +;
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1950 ; Zuckerrüben ; Boden ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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    Die Vergilbungskrankheit der Rübe (1954)
    In:  Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Zentralanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Berlin-Dahlem, Heft 79
    Details
    Publication Date: 1954
    Description: Zusammenfassender Bericht über die in den Jahren 1947-1952 in Westdeutschland durchgeführten Untersuchungen zur Epidemiologie, Verbreitung, wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung und Bekämpfung dieser Virose KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Hauptbefallsgebiete sind solche, mit mildem Winterklima, in denen die langjährigen Mittelwerte des kältesten Monats Januar nicht unter 0°C abfallen; KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T(Sommer)+ und Delta Nied (Sommer) -, dann Delta t(Individualentwicklung der Überträger)- und Massenentwicklung (der Überträger) +; Delta T(Sommer)+ und Delta Nied (Sommer)-, dann Vergilbungsschäden +; Delta T - und Delta Lichtintensität -, dann Wirkung des Virus -;
    Keywords: Westdeutschland ; 1947-1952 ; Infektionskrankheiten ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wachstum ; Witterung ; Düngung
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    Untersuchungen über die Möhrenfliege (Psila rosae F.) in Schleswig-Holstein (1950)
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes, p. 171-172
    Details
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Bericht über die Beobachtungen zur Entwicklung und zum Auftreten der Möhrenfliege unter dem Einfluss der Witterung und der Lage KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung und der Lage auf die Befallsstärke der Fliege KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Lichtintensität +, dann Möhrenfliegenbefall -; Delta Nied +, dann Entwicklung der Maden +; Delta Wind +, dann Befall -
    Keywords: Schleswig-Holstein ; 1948-1949 ; Insekten ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wind ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Gemüse
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    Studien über die Bedeutung von Witterung und Mikroklima für den Massenwechsel der Schwarzen Bohnenlaus (Doralis fabae Scop.) (1953)
    In:  Angew. Meteorol., p. 257-275
    Details
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Beobachtungen zu den wichtigsten Massenwechselphasen, welche phänologisch mit Hilfe der Temperatursummenregel ausgewertet wurden sowie Beobachtungen zum Einfluss des Mikroklimas auf die Flugphase KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen den wichtigsten Massenwechselperioden und der Temperatur, angegeben mit der mittleren Temperatursumme ab dem Eintritt des Vorfrühlings (Schneeglöckchenblüte); Einfluss von flugbegrenzenden Faktoren (Licht, Wind, Niederschlag) und flugbeeinflussenden Faktoren (Temperatur, Luftfeuchtigkeit) KATASTER-DETAIL: Temperatursumme = 160°C, dann Schlüpfen der ersten Fundatrixlarven; Temperatursumme = 360°C, dann Eintreten erster reifer Fundatrizen; Temperatursumme = 600°C, dann Reife der ersten fundatrigenen Fliegen und Anfang des fundatrigenen Zufluges; Temperatursumme = 1000-1050°C, dann Ende des fundatrigenen Zufluges und Anfang des virginogenen Zufluges; temperatursumme = 2280-2420°C, dann Ende des virginogenen Zufluges; Delta Lichtintensität + und Windgeschwindigkeit 〈 0,6m/s und T(Blattoberfläche ) 〉= 17°C, bzw. T (Luft) 〉= 15-16°C und Delta Nied -, dann Abflug +; Delta T +, dann Ablfug +, T 〉 20-26°C, dann Abflug -; Relf = 60%, dann optimaler Bereich für Abflug;
    Keywords: Quedlinburg, Thüringen ; 1949-1952 ; Luftfeuchte ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Phänologie ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung
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    Die Abhängigkeit der Aktivität des Kohlgallenrüsslers (Ceutorrhynchus pleurostigma March.) von klimatischen Faktoren (1953)
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt für den deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, p. 143-148
    Details
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Bericht über die Untersuchungen zur Frage der Abhängigkeit der Imagines von klimatischen Faktoren KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Wind, Sonnenscheindauer, Luftfeuchte) auf die Flugaktivität KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T +: T= 18°C, dann Höchstwert an geschlüpften und geschlechtsreifen Käfern; T 〉 18°C oder T 〈 18°C, dann Zahl an geschlüpften und geschlechtsreifen Käfern -; Delta Sonn +, dann Flugaktivität +; T = 23°C und Relf = 70%, dann Optimum der Flugaktivität; T = 13°C, dann Flugaktivität verhindert Delta Wind +: Wind 〉 1m/s, dann Flugaktivität vermindert, Wind 〉 2m/s, dann Flugaktivität stark gehemmt
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1951-1952 ; Insekten ; Luftfeuchte ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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    Klimawandel in Nordrhein-Westfalen – Auswirkungen auf Schädlinge und Pilzkrankheiten wichtiger Ackerbaukulturen (2010)
    In:  Münster: proPlant GmbH. http://www.proplant.de/data/2010/ 2010_12_Volk-Richthofen-Johnen_Abschlussbericht- Klimawandel-und-Pflanzenschutz_proPlant.pdf
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010
    Description: Infektionsrisiko für pilzliche, bakterielle und tierische Schädlinge bei Weizen, Winterraps, Kartoffeln, Zuckerrüben und Mais werden für das Szenario A1B abgeschätzt KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Schwerpunkt auf den 8 bedeutensten Krankheiten bei Weizen, Halmbruch, Mehltau, Septoria-Blattdürre, Gelbrost, Braunrost, DTR-Blattdürre, Septoria nodorum und Fusarium, Simulationen mit proPlant.expert und Einteilung in Trendklassen (1-5) von linearer Trend ansteigend (=1) bis abnehmend (=5) KATASTER-DETAIL: Tmit+ (Wettreg 2006, A1B), dann ansteigendes Risiko für Septoria tritici, Braunrost, Mehltau, Fusarium, für Halmbruch und DTR kein ansteigendes Risiko ermittelt Detaillierte Trendübersicht und Beurteilung für einzelne Kulturen und Regionen in NRW siehe Dokument, Anhang
    Keywords: Nordrhein-Westfalen ; 2001-2050 ; Insekten ; Zuckerrüben ; Kartoffeln ; Infektionskrankheiten ; Landwirtschaft ; Mais ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Raps ; Modell
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    Bewertung des Risikoausgleichspotentials von Wetterderivaten im Agribusiness am Beispiel der Nordzucker AG (2011)
    In:  Masterarbeit, Kiel
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011
    Description: Ermittlung der Wettervariablen mit dem höchsten Risikoausgleichspotential an 13 untersuchten Standorten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Korrelation von Temperatur, Niederschlag und Sonnenscheinstungen und Zuckerertrag in Norddeutschland KATASTER-DETAIL: Korrelationskoeffizienten von 0,756 bei der Temperatur, einen Wert von -0,845 beim Niederschlag und einen Korrelationskoeffizienten bei den Sonnenstunden von 0,846
    Keywords: Norddeutschland ; 2001 - 2010 ; Zuckerrüben ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Sonnenscheindauer
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    Über den Einfluß des Regens auf die Höhe der Pflanzenerträge. (1948)
    In:  Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung, Düngung, Bodenkunde 42:5-11.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1948
    Description: Bedeutung Niederschlag und Ertrag KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag
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    Witterung, Wasserbilanz und Ertragsschwankungen von Feldkulturen (1950)
    In:  Archiv der wiss. Ges. f. Land- und Forstwirtschaft 2
    Details
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Untersuchungen zu Ertragsunterschieden bei Zuckerrüben, Kartoffeln und Hafer durch Errechnen der Wasserbilanz in einzelnen Monaten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss von Temperatur und Niederschlag (=der Wasserbilanz) auf den Ertrag von Zuckerrübe, Hafer und Kartoffel KATASTER-DETAIL: Wasserbilanz (März bis April) ausgeglichen oder leicht positiv, dann Erträge +; Wasserbilanz (Mai bis Juni) stark negativ über mindestens 25 Tage, dann Erträge +; Wasserbilanz (Juli bis September) ausgeglichen, dann Erträge +; Delta T (Frühjahr) +, dann Erträge +; Delta T +, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta T (außer Juli; bes. Juni) -, dann Erträge (Hafer)+
    Keywords: Niedersachsen, Grossraum Hannover - Göttingen ; 1932-40, 1947-49 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Verdunstung ; Wassermangel
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  • 39
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    Eine Methode zur quantitativen Erfassung der Zusammenhänge zwischen Wetterablauf und Ernteertrag (1948)
    In:  Annalen der Meteorologie, S. 326-328.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1948
    Description: Entwicklung eines "Wetterschadensfaktor", der Zusammenhang zwischen Witterung und Ernteertrag beschreibt KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: - KATASTER-DETAIL: -
    Keywords: Schleswig-Holstein ; 1933-42 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Korrelationsmethode ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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  • 40
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    Über Beziehungen zwischen Witterungsverlauf und Ertragsleistung bei landwirtschaftlichen Kulturpflanzen im Land Brandenburg, 2. Beitrag: Sommer- und Wintergetreide (1950)
    In:  Zeitschrift für Acker- und Pflanzenbau 92:100-124.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Einteilung der Witterung in Pentaden, Berechnung einer Wetterwertzahl und Bezug zum Ernteertrag KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Niederschlag, Temperatur) auf den Ertrag verschiedener Getreidearten (Sommerweizen, Sommergerste, Sommerroggen, Hafer, Winterweizen, Wintergerste, Winterroggen) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Tmit (Pentade) 〉 5°C, dann Beginn Vegetationsperiode; Delta Nied (Winter) -, dann Ertrag (Sommergetreidearten) +; Delta Nied (März) -, dann Erträge (Sommerweizen, Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Winter) +, dann Erträge (Wintergetreidearten) -; Delta Nied (Winter) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen, Wintergerste) -; t (T 〉 5°C) + (früher), dann Erträge (Winterweizen, Wintergerste) +; Detaillierte Informationen zu den einzelnen Getreidearten: siehe Artikel
    Keywords: Brandenburg ; 1938-39, 1943 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Wind ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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  • 41
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    Die Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit des zwischen Blüte und Vollreife inAbhängigkeit von den Witterungselementen (1950)
    In:  Diss. Köln.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Einfuß der Temperatur, Sonnenscheindauer und des Niederschages auf die Reifedauer des Roggens KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1936-37 ; Ertrag ; Phänologie ; Roggen ; Trockenheit ; Wachstum ; Witterung
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  • 42
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    Klimatische Wasserbilanz in Deutschland (2010)
    In:  Internes Arbeitsmaterial des PIK, .... fs01/guests\Martin.Wodinski\PIK-COLLECTION\SLIDES-POOL\RD2\
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010
    Description: Kalkulation der Klimatischen Wasserbilanz (mm) anhand es PIK/DWD Datensatzes für 1951-2006 im Jahr, und für den Zeitraum 2051-60, Szenario A1B, als Mittel und Differenzkarten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Jährliche Klimatischen Wasserbilanz WABI (Niederschlag - pot. Verdunstung nach Turc-Ivanov) für Deutschland KATASTER-DETAIL: Zu- bzw. Abnahme der (WABI) 2051-2060 vs. 1951-2006 von 200 - (-100) im Westen der BRD, in Ostdeutschland stärkere, einheitliche Abnahme der WABI um bis zu 300mmm
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1951-2006, 2051-60 ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterungsextreme
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  • 43
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    Die Überwinterung der grünen Pfirsichblattlaus Myzodes persicae (Sulz) und die Auswirkungen der Überwinterungsquellen auf den Massenwechsel im Sommer (1948)
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt für den Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, Heft 7/8, p.105-112
    Details
    Publication Date: 1948
    Description: Untersuchungen im Berliner Botanischen Garten, im Institut für Züchtungsforschungen in Müncheberg/Mark und im Obstbezirk des Alten Landes bei Hamburg/Stade über das Auftreten von Larven, die aus überwinterten Eiern auf Obstbäumen geschlüpft sind sowie Untersuchungen zur Temperaturempfindlichkeit der Fundatrix-Larven und der Sommerform von Myzodes Persicae im Labor. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang ziwschen Temperatur, Niederschlag sowie relativer Luftfeuchte und dem Überwinterungserfolg KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T -, Delta Nied ++, Delta Relf +, dann Myzodes persicae -; T 〈 -9°C, dann Myzodes persicae -; T 〈 -12°C (d 〉 1), dann Tod
    Keywords: Deutschland, Labor ; 1933 - 1948 ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur
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  • 44
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    Die Zunahme wichtiger Getreideschädlinge als Folge der besonderen Witterungserscheinungen in den letzten Jahren (1950)
    In:  Pflanzenschutz, Jahrgang 2, Nr. 8, p. 95-97
    Details
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Auftreten von Roggengallmücke, Halmfliege, Getreidehalmwespe, Hafermilbe und Zwergzikade unter bestimmten Witterungsbedingungen (warme und trockene Sommer und Herbste) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag) im Sommer und Herbst auf das Auftreten der Getreideschädlinge KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Sommer und Herbst) + und Delta Nied (Sommer und Hebrst) -, dann Auftreten +; Trockenperioden über mindestens 2 Jahre, dann Massenauftreten
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1947-1950 ; Anbautermine ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Weizen ; Witterung
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  • 45
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    Die Ertragsbildung in Rekorderntejahren bei Getreide (1948)
    In:  Zeitschr. Pflanzenernährung, Düngung, Bodenkunde 40: 114-129
    Details
    Publication Date: 1948
    Description: Vergleich der Witterungsfaktoren in den Rekorderntejahren 1933 und 1938 von März bis August KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Identifizierung der wichtigen Zeitabschnitte März-April und Juli-August,hier hohe Temperaturen für Rekordernten unabdingbar KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied - (Frühjahr), dann Ertrag +; Nied (Normal und gleichmäßig), im Mai Delta Nied+, dann Ertrag+
    Keywords: Berlin, Brandenburg ; 1933-1938 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit
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  • 46
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    Driving the growth cone (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caroni, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1465-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland. caroni@fmi.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9750116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/physiology ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Movement ; Cyclic AMP/*physiology ; Cyclic GMP/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/physiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurotrophin 3 ; Semaphorin-3A ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Metastasis in eggs (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 18;281(5384):1823.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9776688" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Vessels/physiology ; Chick Embryo ; *Chorion/blood supply ; Humans ; Metalloendopeptidases/metabolism ; *Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Seeding ; *Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 48
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    Activity-dependent cortical target selection by thalamic axons (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-07-24
    Description: Connections in the developing nervous system are thought to be formed initially by an activity-independent process of axon pathfinding and target selection and subsequently refined by neural activity. Blockade of sodium action potentials by intracranial infusion of tetrodotoxin in cats during the early period when axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) were in the process of selecting visual cortex as their target altered the pattern and precision of this thalamocortical projection. The majority of LGN neurons, rather than projecting to visual cortex, elaborated a significant projection within the subplate of cortical areas normally bypassed. Those axons that did project to their correct target were topographically disorganized. Thus, neural activity is required for initial targeting decisions made by thalamic axons as they traverse the subplate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Catalano, S M -- Shatz, C J -- EY02838/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY06491/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 24;281(5376):559-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA. scatalan@cco.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9677198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex/cytology/embryology ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Carbocyanines ; Cats ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Geniculate Bodies/cytology/*embryology ; Neural Pathways ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*embryology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 49
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    Structural basis for a Ca2+-sensing function of the metabotropic glutamate receptors (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-28
    Description: The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are widely distributed in the brain and play important roles in synaptic plasticity. Here it is shown that some types of mGluRs are activated not only by glutamate but also by extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o). A single amino acid residue was found to determine the sensitivity of mGluRs to Ca2+o. One of the receptors, mGluR1alpha, but not its point mutant with reduced sensitivity to Ca2+o, caused morphological changes when transfected into mammalian cells. Thus, the sensing of Ca2+o by mGluRs may be important in cells under physiological condition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kubo, Y -- Miyashita, T -- Murata, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 13;279(5357):1722-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurophysiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Musashidai 2-6, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan. ykubo@tmin.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9497291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/ultrastructure ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Brain/metabolism ; CHO Cells ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Size ; Cricetinae ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes ; Point Mutation ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; Rats ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; Transfection ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 50
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    Structural basis of plasticity in T cell receptor recognition of a self peptide-MHC antigen (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: The T cell receptor (TCR) inherently has dual specificity. T cells must recognize self-antigens in the thymus during maturation and then discriminate between foreign pathogens in the periphery. A molecular basis for this cross-reactivity is elucidated by the crystal structure of the alloreactive 2C TCR bound to self peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) antigen H-2Kb-dEV8 refined against anisotropic 3.0 angstrom resolution x-ray data. The interface between peptide and TCR exhibits extremely poor shape complementarity, and the TCR beta chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) has minimal interaction with the dEV8 peptide. Large conformational changes in three of the TCR CDR loops are induced upon binding, providing a mechanism of structural plasticity to accommodate a variety of different peptide antigens. Extensive TCR interaction with the pMHC alpha helices suggests a generalized orientation that is mediated by the Valpha domain of the TCR and rationalizes how TCRs can effectively "scan" different peptides bound within a large, low-affinity MHC structural framework for those that provide the slight additional kinetic stabilization required for signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia, K C -- Degano, M -- Pease, L R -- Huang, M -- Peterson, P A -- Teyton, L -- Wilson, I A -- AI42266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI42267/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA58896/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1166-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and the Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9469799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; H-2 Antigens/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Oligopeptides/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 51
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    Identification of alpha-dystroglycan as a receptor for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Lassa fever virus (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-16
    Description: A peripheral membrane protein that is interactive with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) was purified from cells permissive to infection. Tryptic peptides from this protein were determined to be alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG). Several strains of LCMV and other arenaviruses, including Lassa fever virus (LFV), Oliveros, and Mobala, bound to purified alpha-DG protein. Soluble alpha-DG blocked both LCMV and LFV infection. Cells bearing a null mutation of the gene encoding DG were resistant to LCMV infection, and reconstitution of DG expression in null mutant cells restored susceptibility to LCMV infection. Thus, alpha-DG is a cellular receptor for both LCMV and LFV.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cao, W -- Henry, M D -- Borrow, P -- Yamada, H -- Elder, J H -- Ravkov, E V -- Nichol, S T -- Compans, R W -- Campbell, K P -- Oldstone, M B -- AG 00080/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AI 09484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK09712/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):2079-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9851928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arenavirus/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Dystroglycans ; Lassa virus/*metabolism/physiology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/*metabolism/physiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Receptors, Virus/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 52
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    Which of our genes makes us human? (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 4;281(5382):1432-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9750111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human ; Gene Expression ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Hominidae/*genetics ; *Human Characteristics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sialic Acids/chemistry/physiology ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 53
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    Induction of lens differentiation by activation of a bZIP transcription factor, L-Maf (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-29
    Description: After the vertebrate lens is induced from head ectoderm, lens-specific genes are expressed. Transcriptional regulation of the lens-specific alphaA-crystallin gene is controlled by an enhancer element, alphaCE2. A gene encoding an alphaCE2-binding protein, L-maf(lens-specific maf), was isolated. L-maf expression is initiated in the lens placode and is restricted to lens cells. The gene product L-Maf regulates the expression of multiple genes expressed in the lens, and ectopic expression of this transcription factor converts chick embryonic ectodermal cells and cultured cells into lens fibers. Thus, vertebrate lens induction and differentiation can be triggered by the activation of L-Maf.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ogino, H -- Yasuda, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 3;280(5360):115-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0101, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9525857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Crystallins/genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Ectoderm ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Eye Proteins/genetics ; G-Box Binding Factors ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Reporter ; Intermediate Filament Proteins/genetics ; Lens, Crystalline/*cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Maf Transcription Factors ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 54
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    Role of IQGAP1, a target of the small GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1, in regulation of E-cadherin- mediated cell-cell adhesion (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-07
    Description: The small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) Cdc42 and Rac1 regulate E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. IQGAP1, a target of Cdc42 and Rac1, was localized with E-cadherin and beta-catenin at sites of cell-cell contact in mouse L fibroblasts expressing E-cadherin (EL cells), and interacted with E-cadherin and beta-catenin both in vivo and in vitro. IQGAP1 induced the dissociation of alpha-catenin from a cadherin-catenin complex in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of IQGAP1 in EL cells, but not in L cells expressing an E-cadherin-alpha-catenin chimeric protein, resulted in a decrease in E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesive activity. Thus, IQGAP1, acting downstream of Cdc42 and Rac1, appears to regulate cell-cell adhesion through the cadherin-catenin pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuroda, S -- Fukata, M -- Nakagawa, M -- Fujii, K -- Nakamura, T -- Ookubo, T -- Izawa, I -- Nagase, T -- Nomura, N -- Tani, H -- Shoji, I -- Matsuura, Y -- Yonehara, S -- Kaibuchi, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 7;281(5378):832-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Signal Transduction, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0101, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9694656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cadherins/*metabolism ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Mice ; Mutation ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; *Trans-Activators ; alpha Catenin ; beta Catenin ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 55
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    Coupling of Ras and Rac guanosine triphosphatases through the Ras exchanger Sos (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: The Son of Sevenless (Sos) proteins control receptor-mediated activation of Ras by catalyzing the exchange of guanosine diphosphate for guanosine triphosphate on Ras. The NH2-terminal region of Sos contains a Dbl homology (DH) domain in tandem with a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. In COS-1 cells, the DH domain of Sos stimulated guanine nucleotide exchange on Rac but not Cdc42 in vitro and in vivo. The tandem DH-PH domain of Sos (DH-PH-Sos) was defective in Rac activation but regained Rac stimulating activity when it was coexpressed with activated Ras. Ras-mediated activation of DH-PH-Sos did not require activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase but it was dependent on activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. These results reveal a potential mechanism for coupling of Ras and Rac signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nimnual, A S -- Yatsula, B A -- Bar-Sagi, D -- CA09176/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA28146/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA55360/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):560-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9438849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/ultrastructure ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/chemistry ; Signal Transduction ; Son of Sevenless Proteins ; Transfection ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins ; ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; ras Proteins/*metabolism
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    'Monogamous' gibbons really swing (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 1;280(5364):677-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9599145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Female ; *Hylobates ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Dendritic integration and its role in computing image velocity (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-22
    Description: The mechanisms underlying visual motion detection can be studied simultaneously in different cell compartments in vivo by using calcium as a reporter of the spatiotemporal activity distribution in single motion-sensitive cells of the fly. As predicted by the Reichardt model, local dendritic calcium signals are found to indicate the direction and velocity of pattern motion but are corrupted by spatial pattern properties. The latter are canceled out by spatial integration, thus leading to a purely directional selective output signal in the axon. These findings attribute a specific computational task to the dendrites of visual interneurons and imply a functional interpretation of dendritic morphology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Single, S -- Borst, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 18;281(5384):1848-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich-Miescher-Laboratory of the Max-Planck-Society, Spemannstrasse 37-39, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9743497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/metabolism/physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Dendrites/metabolism/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Diptera/physiology ; Female ; Interneurons/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; *Motion Perception ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology
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    Structure and function in the nucleus (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-09
    Description: Current evidence suggests that the nucleus has a distinct substructure, albeit one that is dynamic rather than a rigid framework. Viral infection, oncogene expression, and inherited human disorders can each cause profound and specific changes in nuclear organization. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding nuclear organization, highlighting in particular the dynamic aspects of nuclear structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamond, A I -- Earnshaw, W C -- 073915/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 24;280(5363):547-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK. a.i.lamond@dundee.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9554838" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleolus/physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; Chromatin/physiology ; Chromosomes/physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Euchromatin ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Heterochromatin/physiology ; Humans ; Insect Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; Interphase ; Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/analysis/physiology ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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    Anthropologists probe genes, brains at annual meeting (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 17;280(5362):380-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9575083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthropology, Physical ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Computer Simulation ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Female ; *Genetics, Population ; *Hinduism/history ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Models, Anatomic ; Y Chromosome/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Role of phosphorylation in regulation of the assembly of endocytic coat complexes (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-07
    Description: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis involves cycles of assembly and disassembly of clathrin coat components and their accessory proteins. Dephosphorylation of rat brain extract was shown to promote the assembly of dynamin 1, synaptojanin 1, and amphiphysin into complexes that also included clathrin and AP-2. Phosphorylation of dynamin 1 and synaptojanin 1 inhibited their binding to amphiphysin, whereas phosphorylation of amphiphysin inhibited its binding to AP-2 and clathrin. Thus, phosphorylation regulates the association and dissociation cycle of the clathrin-based endocytic machinery, and calcium-dependent dephosphorylation of endocytic proteins could prepare nerve terminals for a burst of endocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slepnev, V I -- Ochoa, G C -- Butler, M H -- Grabs, D -- De Camilli, P -- CA46128/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS36251/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 7;281(5378):821-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9694653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits ; Adaptor Protein Complex beta Subunits ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carbazoles/pharmacology ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Clathrin/*metabolism ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Dimerization ; Dynamin I ; Dynamins ; *Endocytosis ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; Indole Alkaloids ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; src Homology Domains
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    Bid for better beef gives Japan a leg up on cattle (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1975-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Husbandry/*methods ; Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cattle/embryology/*genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Transfer/veterinary ; Fallopian Tubes/cytology ; Female ; Japan ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology ; Pregnancy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins: fusogens, antigens, and immunogens (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-25
    Description: The human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins interact with receptors on the target cell and mediate virus entry by fusing the viral and cell membranes. The structure of the envelope glycoproteins has evolved to fulfill these functions while evading the neutralizing antibody response. An understanding of the viral strategies for immune evasion should guide attempts to improve the immunogenicity of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins and, ultimately, aid in HIV-1 vaccine development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wyatt, R -- Sodroski, J -- AI 31783/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI 39420/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI28691/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1884-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Immunology/AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9632381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/chemistry/immunology ; Animals ; Gene Products, env/chemistry/immunology/*physiology ; HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis ; HIV Antigens/immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/physiology ; HIV Infections/*immunology ; HIV-1/chemistry/immunology/*physiology ; Humans ; Membrane Fusion ; Receptors, HIV/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A receptor/cytoskeletal movement triggered by costimulation during T cell activation (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-18
    Description: During T cell activation, the engagement of costimulatory molecules is often crucial to the development of an effective immune response, but the mechanism by which this is achieved is not known. Here, it is shown that beads attached to the surface of a T cell translocate toward the interface shortly after the start of T cell activation. This movement appears to depend on myosin motor proteins and requires the engagement of the major costimulatory receptor pairs, B7-CD28 and ICAM-1-LFA-1. This suggests that the engagement of costimulatory receptors triggers an active accumulation of molecules at the interface of the T cell and the antigen-presenting cell, which then increases the overall amplitude and duration of T cell signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wulfing, C -- Davis, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 18;282(5397):2266-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9856952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD28/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86 ; Biotinylation ; CHO Cells ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Cytoskeleton/*physiology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Microspheres ; Molecular Motor Proteins/physiology ; Myosins/physiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Automating a mouse (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sikorski, R -- Peters, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 15;280(5366):1101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9616082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gene Library ; Gene Targeting ; *Genetic Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout/*genetics ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Stem Cells
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    Cholinergic switching within neocortical inhibitory networks (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1998-08-14
    Description: Differential actions of acetylcholine on the excitability of two subtypes of interneurons in layer V of the rat visual cortex were examined. Acetylcholine excited low-threshold spike (LTS) cells through nicotinic receptors, whereas it elicited hyperpolarization in fast spiking (FS) cells through muscarinic receptors. Axons of LTS cells were mainly distributed vertically to upper layers, and those of FS cells were primarily confined to layer V. Thus, cortical cholinergic activation may reduce some forms of intralaminar inhibition, promote intracolumnar inhibition, and change the direction of information flow within cortical circuits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xiang, Z -- Huguenard, J R -- Prince, D A -- NS 06477/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 07280/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 12151/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 14;281(5379):985-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*physiology ; Animals ; Hexamethonium/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interneurons/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Muscarinic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; *Neural Inhibition ; Nicotinic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Nicotinic/physiology ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide/pharmacology ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology
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    Mismatch repair co-opted by hypermutation (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: Mice homozygous for a disrupted allele of the mismatch repair gene Pms2 have a mutator phenotype. When this allele is crossed into quasi-monoclonal (QM) mice, which have a very limited B cell repertoire, homozygotes have fewer somatic mutations at the immunoglobulin heavy chain and lambda chain loci than do heterozygotes or wild-type QM mice. That is, mismatch repair seems to contribute to somatic hypermutation rather than stifling it. It is suggested that at immunoglobulin loci in hypermutable B cells, mismatched base pairs are "corrected" according to the newly synthesized DNA strand, thereby fixing incipient mutations instead of eliminating them.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cascalho, M -- Wong, J -- Steinberg, C -- Wabl, M -- 1R01 GM37699/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1207-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0670, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9469811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crosses, Genetic ; *DNA Repair ; *DNA Repair Enzymes ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement ; *Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Heterozygote ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/chemistry/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/chemistry/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Proteins/*genetics/physiology
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    New potential for human embryonic stem cells (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gearhart, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 6;282(5391):1061-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. gearhart@jhmi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/*cytology ; *Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Line ; Cell Lineage ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Federal Government ; Germ Cells/*cytology ; Government Regulation ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mice ; Research Support as Topic ; Risk Assessment ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Transplantation Immunology ; United States
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    A preorganized active site in the crystal structure of the Tetrahymena ribozyme (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-05
    Description: Group I introns possess a single active site that catalyzes the two sequential reactions of self-splicing. An RNA comprising the two domains of the Tetrahymena thermophila group I intron catalytic core retains activity, and the 5.0 angstrom crystal structure of this 247-nucleotide ribozyme is now described. Close packing of the two domains forms a shallow cleft capable of binding the short helix that contains the 5' splice site. The helix that provides the binding site for the guanosine substrate deviates significantly from A-form geometry, providing a tight binding pocket. The binding pockets for both the 5' splice site helix and guanosine are formed and oriented in the absence of these substrates. Thus, this large ribozyme is largely preorganized for catalysis, much like a globular protein enzyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Golden, B L -- Gooding, A R -- Podell, E R -- Cech, T R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 9;282(5387):259-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA. bgolden@petunia.colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Guanosine/metabolism ; Introns ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Manganese/metabolism ; *Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phosphates/metabolism ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/metabolism ; Tetrahymena thermophila/*genetics
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    Expansion of the allelic exclusion principle? (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chess, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 27;279(5359):2067-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. chess@wi.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9537917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alleles ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; DNA Replication ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Interleukin-2/*genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
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    A welcome mat for leprosy and Lassa fever (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spear, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1999-2000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Northwestern University Medical School, Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. p-spear@nwu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Dystroglycans ; Humans ; Laminin/metabolism ; Lassa Fever/*virology ; Lassa virus/*metabolism ; Leprosy/*microbiology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mycobacterium leprae/*metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Schwann Cells/microbiology
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    Impaired locomotion and dopamine signaling in retinoid receptor mutant mice (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-28
    Description: In the adult mouse, single and compound null mutations in the genes for retinoic acid receptor beta and retinoid X receptors beta and gamma resulted in locomotor defects related to dysfunction of the mesolimbic dopamine signaling pathway. Expression of the D1 and D2 receptors for dopamine was reduced in the ventral striatum of mutant mice, and the response of double null mutant mice to cocaine, which affects dopamine signaling in the mesolimbic system, was blunted. Thus, retinoid receptors are involved in the regulation of brain functions, and retinoic acid signaling defects may contribute to pathologies such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krezel, W -- Ghyselinck, N -- Samad, T A -- Dupe, V -- Kastner, P -- Borrelli, E -- Chambon, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 6;279(5352):863-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, Universite Louis Pasteur, College de France, Boite Postale 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9452386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cocaine/pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Locomotion ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; *Motor Activity/drug effects ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Parkinson Disease/etiology ; Peripheral Nervous System/physiology ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics/*physiology ; Retinoid X Receptors ; Schizophrenia/etiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
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    Competition in retinogeniculate patterning driven by spontaneous activity (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: When contacts are first forming in the developing nervous system, many neurons generate spontaneous activity that has been hypothesized to shape appropriately patterned connections. In Mustela putorius furo, monocular intraocular blockade of spontaneous retinal waves of action potentials by cholinergic agents altered the subsequent eye-specific lamination pattern of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The projection from the active retina was greatly expanded into territory normally belonging to the other eye, and the projection from the inactive retina was substantially reduced. Thus, interocular competition driven by endogenous retinal activity determines the pattern of eye-specific connections from retina to LGN, demonstrating that spontaneous activity can produce highly stereotyped patterns of connections before the onset of visual experience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penn, A A -- Riquelme, P A -- Feller, M B -- Shatz, C J -- MH 98108/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 27;279(5359):2108-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. apenn@uclink2.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9516112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Axons/physiology ; Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology ; Bungarotoxins/pharmacology ; *Conotoxins ; Ferrets ; Geniculate Bodies/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Microspheres ; Nicotinic Agonists/pharmacology ; Peptides/pharmacology ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Retina/drug effects/*physiology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/drug effects/*physiology ; *Visual Pathways
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    Molecular basis of T cell inactivation by CTLA-4 (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-18
    Description: CTLA-4, a negative regulator of T cell function, was found to associate with the T cell receptor (TCR) complex zeta chain in primary T cells. The association of TCRzeta with CTLA-4, reconstituted in 293 transfectants, was enhanced by p56(lck)-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. Coexpression of the CTLA-4-associated tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2, resulted in dephosphorylation of TCRzeta bound to CTLA-4 and abolished the p56(lck)-inducible TCRzeta-CTLA-4 interaction. Thus, CTLA-4 inhibits TCR signal transduction by binding to TCRzeta and inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation after T cell activation. These findings have broad implications for the negative regulation of T cell function and T cell tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, K M -- Chuang, E -- Griffin, M -- Khattri, R -- Hong, D K -- Zhang, W -- Straus, D -- Samelson, L E -- Thompson, C B -- Bluestone, J A -- P01 AI35294-6/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 18;282(5397):2263-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9856951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Animals ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, Differentiation/*metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; *Immunoconjugates ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Models, Immunological ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6 ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Transfection ; src Homology Domains
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Methylmercury risks (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldman, L R -- Farland, W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 30;279(5351):640-1; author reply 641.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9471723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Fishes ; *Food Contamination ; Humans ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Methylmercury Compounds/*adverse effects ; *Nutrition Policy ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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    Chimp research (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leigh, S R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 2;282(5386):47.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9786794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics/*growth & development ; Research
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    Differential use of CREB binding protein-coactivator complexes (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-21
    Description: CREB binding protein (CBP) functions as an essential coactivator of transcription factors that are inhibited by the adenovirus early gene product E1A. Transcriptional activation by the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) protein requires the C/H3 domain in CBP, which is the primary target of E1A inhibition. Here it was found that the C/H3 domain is not required for retinoic acid receptor (RAR) function, nor is it involved in E1A inhibition. Instead, E1A inhibits RAR function by preventing the assembly of CBP-nuclear receptor coactivator complexes, revealing differences in required CBP domains for transcriptional activation by RAR and STAT1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurokawa, R -- Kalafus, D -- Ogliastro, M H -- Kioussi, C -- Xu, L -- Torchia, J -- Rosenfeld, M G -- Glass, C K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 30;279(5351):700-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9445474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenovirus E1A Proteins/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CREB-Binding Protein ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3 ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tretinoin/pharmacology
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    Genes put mammals in age of dinosaurs (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 1;280(5364):675-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9599143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Mammals/*genetics ; *Paleontology
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    Visual input to the efferent control system of a fly's "gyroscope" (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-02
    Description: Dipterous insects (the true flies) have a sophisticated pair of equilibrium organs called halteres that evolved from hind wings. The halteres are sensitive to Coriolis forces that result from angular rotations of the body and mediate corrective reflexes during flight. Like the aerodynamically functional fore wings, the halteres beat during flight and are equipped with their own set of control muscles. It is shown that motoneurons innervating muscles of the haltere receive strong excitatory input from directionally sensitive visual interneurons. Visually guided flight maneuvers of flies may be mediated in part by efferent modulation of hard-wired equilibrium reflexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, W P -- Prete, F -- Dickinson, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 10;280(5361):289-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9535659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diptera/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Female ; Flight, Animal/*physiology ; Interneurons/*physiology ; Male ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation/physiology ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology ; Reflex/physiology ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology/innervation/*physiology
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  • 79
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    FADD: essential for embryo development and signaling from some, but not all, inducers of apoptosis (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: FADD (also known as Mort-1) is a signal transducer downstream of cell death receptor CD95 (also called Fas). CD95, tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (TNFR-1), and death receptor 3 (DR3) did not induce apoptosis in FADD-deficient embryonic fibroblasts, whereas DR4, oncogenes E1A and c-myc, and chemotherapeutic agent adriamycin did. Mice with a deletion in the FADD gene did not survive beyond day 11.5 of embryogenesis; these mice showed signs of cardiac failure and abdominal hemorrhage. Chimeric embryos showing a high contribution of FADD null mutant cells to the heart reproduce the phenotype of FADD-deficient mutants. Thus, not only death receptors, but also receptors that couple to developmental programs, may use FADD for signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yeh, W C -- de la Pompa, J L -- McCurrach, M E -- Shu, H B -- Elia, A J -- Shahinian, A -- Ng, M -- Wakeham, A -- Khoo, W -- Mitchell, K -- El-Deiry, W S -- Lowe, S W -- Goeddel, D V -- Mak, T W -- CA13106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 20;279(5358):1954-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Amgen Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9506948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD95/genetics/physiology ; *Apoptosis ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Endothelium, Vascular/embryology ; Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; Heart/*embryology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Oncogenes ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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    Progress in progressive hearing loss (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steel, K P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 20;279(5358):1870-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council, Institute of Hearing Research, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. karen@ihr.mrc.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9537904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics ; Deafness/*genetics ; Dyneins ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Genes, Dominant ; Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/*genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Myosins/genetics/physiology ; Pedigree ; Sequence Deletion ; Transcription Factor Brn-3C ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism/physiology
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    Progress in the development of an HIV-1 vaccine (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-25
    Description: Containment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic will require an effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine. Accumulating evidence suggests that such a vaccine must efficiently elicit an HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. Nonhuman primate models will continue to provide an important tool for assessing the extent of protective immunity induced by various immunization strategies. Although replication-competent AIDS viruses attenuated for pathogenicity by selective gene deletions have provided protective immunity in nonhuman primate models, the long-term safety of such vaccines in human populations is suspect. Inactivated virus and subunit vaccines have elicited neither CTLs nor antibodies capable of neutralizing a wide array of patient HIV-1 isolates. Considerable effort is now being focused on evaluating live vector-based vaccine and plasmid DNA vaccine approaches for preventing HIV-1 infection both in animal model and human studies. Our growing understanding of the biology of HIV-1 and immune responses to this virus will continue to suggest improved vaccination approaches for exploration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Letvin, N L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 19;280(5371):1875-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The author is at Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. nletvin@bidmc.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9632379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genetic Vectors ; HIV Infections/immunology/*prevention & control/therapy/virology ; HIV-1/*immunology/physiology ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology ; Vaccines, DNA/immunology ; Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; Virus Replication
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    The transcriptional program of sporulation in budding yeast (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-23
    Description: Diploid cells of budding yeast produce haploid cells through the developmental program of sporulation, which consists of meiosis and spore morphogenesis. DNA microarrays containing nearly every yeast gene were used to assay changes in gene expression during sporulation. At least seven distinct temporal patterns of induction were observed. The transcription factor Ndt80 appeared to be important for induction of a large group of genes at the end of meiotic prophase. Consensus sequences known or proposed to be responsible for temporal regulation could be identified solely from analysis of sequences of coordinately expressed genes. The temporal expression pattern provided clues to potential functions of hundreds of previously uncharacterized genes, some of which have vertebrate homologs that may function during gametogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chu, S -- DeRisi, J -- Eisen, M -- Mulholland, J -- Botstein, D -- Brown, P O -- Herskowitz, I -- AI18738/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GH00450/GH/CGH CDC HHS/ -- GM46406/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 23;282(5389):699-705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0448, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9784122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Fungal/physiology ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Genes, Fungal ; Genome, Fungal ; Humans ; Meiosis/*genetics ; Morphogenesis ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/physiology ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Spores, Fungal/*genetics/physiology/ultrastructure ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 83
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    Cloned transgenic calves produced from nonquiescent fetal fibroblasts (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-20
    Description: An efficient system for genetic modification and large-scale cloning of cattle is of importance for agriculture, biotechnology, and human medicine. Here, actively dividing fetal fibroblasts were genetically modified with a marker gene, a clonal line was selected, and the cells were fused to enucleated mature oocytes. Out of 28 embryos transferred to 11 recipient cows, three healthy, identical, transgenic calves were generated. Furthermore, the life-span of near senescent fibroblasts could be extended by nuclear transfer, as indicated by population doublings in fibroblast lines derived from a 40-day-old fetal clone. With the ability to extend the life-span of these primary cultured cells, this system would be useful for inducing complex genetic modifications in cattle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cibelli, J B -- Stice, S L -- Golueke, P J -- Kane, J J -- Jerry, J -- Blackwell, C -- Ponce de Leon, F A -- Robl, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 22;280(5367):1256-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9596577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Blastocyst ; Cattle/embryology/*genetics ; Cell Aging ; Cell Division ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells ; *Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fetus/cytology ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; G1 Phase ; Male ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/cytology ; Transfection ; Transgenes
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    Owls and early learning (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steinbach, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 17;280(5362):361.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9575076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/*physiology ; *Eye Movements
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Mitochondria and apoptosis (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-28
    Description: A variety of key events in apoptosis focus on mitochondria, including the release of caspase activators (such as cytochrome c), changes in electron transport, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, altered cellular oxidation-reduction, and participation of pro- and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. The different signals that converge on mitochondria to trigger or inhibit these events and their downstream effects delineate several major pathways in physiological cell death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, D R -- Reed, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 28;281(5381):1309-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9721092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Cytochrome c Group/metabolism ; Electron Transport ; Humans ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Ion Channels/metabolism ; Membrane Potentials ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Permeability ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    Protein kinase B kinases that mediate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent activation of protein kinase B (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-21
    Description: Protein kinase B (PKB) is activated in response to phosphoinositide 3-kinases and their lipid products phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] and PtdIns(3,4)P2 in the signaling pathways used by a wide variety of growth factors, antigens, and inflammatory stimuli. PKB is a direct target of these lipids, but this regulation is complex. The lipids can bind to the pleckstrin homologous domain of PKB, causing its translocation to the membrane, and also enable upstream, Thr308-directed kinases to phosphorylate and activate PKB. Four isoforms of these PKB kinases were purified from sheep brain. They bound PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and associated with lipid vesicles containing it. These kinases contain an NH2-terminal catalytic domain and a COOH-terminal pleckstrin homologous domain, and their heterologous expression augments receptor activation of PKB, which suggests they are the primary signal transducers that enable PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 or PtdIns- (3,4)P2 to activate PKB and hence to control signaling pathways regulating cell survival, glucose uptake, and glycogen metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephens, L -- Anderson, K -- Stokoe, D -- Erdjument-Bromage, H -- Painter, G F -- Holmes, A B -- Gaffney, P R -- Reese, C B -- McCormick, F -- Tempst, P -- Coadwell, J -- Hawkins, P T -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 30;279(5351):710-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9445477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Liposomes/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sheep ; *Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 87
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    Human monogamy (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, G A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 6;282(5391):1047-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Culture ; Female ; Hominidae/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Sexual Partners
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    Association of malaria parasite population structure, HLA, and immunological antagonism (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: Host-parasite coevolution has been likened to a molecular arms race, with particular parasite genes evolving to evade specific host defenses. Study of the variants of an antigenic epitope of Plasmodium falciparum that induces a cytotoxic T cell response supports this view. In African children with malaria, the variants present are influenced by the presence of a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type that restricts the immune response to this epitope. The distribution of parasite variants may be further influenced by the ability of cohabiting parasite strains to facilitate each other's survival by down-regulating cellular immune responses, using altered peptide ligand antagonism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, S C -- Plebanski, M -- Gupta, S -- Morris, J -- Cox, M -- Aidoo, M -- Kwiatkowski, D -- Greenwood, B M -- Whittle, H C -- Hill, A V -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1173-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9469800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/genetics/*immunology ; Biological Evolution ; Child ; Epitopes ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gambia ; Genes, Protozoan ; Genetic Variation ; HLA-B35 Antigen/*immunology ; Humans ; Ligands ; Malaria, Falciparum/*immunology/parasitology ; Models, Biological ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/*immunology ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    Genetic dissection of a mammalian replicator in the human beta-globin locus (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-14
    Description: The timing and localization of DNA replication initiation in mammalian cells are heritable traits, but it is not known whether initiation requires specific DNA sequences. A site-specific recombination strategy was used to show that DNA sequences previously identified as replication initiation sites could initiate replication when transferred to new chromosomal locations. An 8-kilobase DNA sequence encompassing the origin of DNA replication in the human beta-globin locus initiated replication in the simian genome. Specific deletions within the globin origin did not initiate replication in these chromosomal sites. These data suggest that initiation of DNA replication in mammalian cells requires specific sequence information and extend the replicon hypothesis to higher eukaryotes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aladjem, M I -- Rodewald, L W -- Kolman, J L -- Wahl, G M -- CA48405/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM51104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 14;281(5379):1005-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism ; *DNA Replication ; Gene Targeting ; Globins/*genetics ; Humans ; Integrases/metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Replication Origin ; S Phase ; Sequence Deletion ; *Viral Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Tick population trends and forest type (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ginsberg, H S -- Hyland, D E -- Hu, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):349-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9705710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Ixodes/*physiology ; New York ; Nymph/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Rhode Island ; *Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Regulation of the proinflammatory effects of Fas ligand (CD95L) (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-11-30
    Description: Fas ligand (CD95L) inhibits T cell function in immune-privileged organs such as the eye and testis, yet in most tissues CD95L expression induces potent inflammatory responses. With a stably transfected colon carcinoma cell line, CT26-CD95L, the molecular basis for these divergent responses was defined. When injected subcutaneously, rejection of CT26-CD95L was caused by neutrophils activated by CD95L. CT26-CD95L survived in the intraocular space because of the presence of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), which inhibited neutrophil activation. Providing TGF-beta to subcutaneous sites protected against tumor rejection. Thus, these cytokines together generate a microenvironment that promotes immunologic tolerance, which may aid in the amelioration of allograft rejection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, J J -- Sun, Y -- Nabel, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 27;282(5394):1714-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan Medical Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Biological Chemistry, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, 4520 Medical Science Research Building I, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0650, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9831564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anterior Chamber ; Apoptosis ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Inflammation/*immunology ; Jurkat Cells ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*immunology/pathology ; *Neutrophil Activation ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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  • 92
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    Dorsal-ventral signaling in the Drosophila eye (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-25
    Description: The development of the Drosophila eye has served as a model system for investigations of tissue patterning and cell-cell communication; however, early eye development has not been well understood. The results presented here indicate that specialized cells are established along the dorsal-ventral midline of the developing eye by Notch-mediated signaling between dorsal and ventral cells, and that Notch activation at the midline plays an essential role both in promoting the growth of the eye primordia and in regulating eye patterning. These observations imply that the developmental homology between Drosophila wings and vertebrate limbs extends to Drosophila eyes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Papayannopoulos, V -- Tomlinson, A -- Panin, V M -- Rauskolb, C -- Irvine, K D -- GM-R01-54594/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 25;281(5385):2031-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Waksman Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9748163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Patterning ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Drosophila/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Eye Proteins/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Homeodomain Proteins ; Insect Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Larva/growth & development ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; *N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/cytology/*growth & development ; Receptors, Notch ; Signal Transduction ; *Transcription Factors
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  • 93
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    Memory suppressor genes: inhibitory constraints on the storage of long-term memory (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-07
    Description: Synaptic plasticity, the ability of neurons to alter the strength of their synaptic connections with activity and experience, is thought to play a critical role in memory storage. Molecular studies of gene expression during long-lasting synaptic plasticity related to memory storage initially focused on the identification of positive regulators. More recent work has revealed that the establishment of long-lasting synaptic plasticity and long-term memory also requires the removal of inhibitory constraints. By analogy to tumor suppressor genes, which restrain cell proliferation, we propose that these inhibitory constraints of memory storage, which restrain synapse growth, be termed memory suppressor genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abel, T -- Martin, K C -- Bartsch, D -- Kandel, E R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 16;279(5349):338-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9454331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activating Transcription Factor 2 ; Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/physiology ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; *Genes ; Memory/*physiology ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Neuronal Plasticity/*genetics ; *Repressor Proteins ; Synapses/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 94
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    BSE and prions: uncertainties about the agent (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chesebro, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 2;279(5347):42-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Persistent Virus Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA. bchesebro@nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9441410" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/chemistry ; Amyloidosis/metabolism ; Animals ; Cattle ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/epidemiology/*etiology/transmission ; Disease Susceptibility ; Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform/epidemiology/*etiology/transmission ; Gene Expression ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Prion Diseases/*etiology/transmission ; Prions/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Virus Physiological Phenomena ; Viruses/pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Sex and conflict (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-25
    Description: Evolutionary conflict occurs when the deterministic spread of an allele lowers the fitness either of its bearer or of other individuals in the population, leading to selection for suppressors. Sex promotes conflict because associations between alleles are temporary. Differing selection on males and females, sexual selection, and differences in transmission patterns between classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic genes can all give rise to conflict. Inert Y chromosomes, uniparental inheritance of cytoplasmic genes, mating strains and sexes, and many features of sexual behavior may have evolved in part as a result of evolutionary conflict. Estimates of its quantitative importance, however, are still needed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Partridge, L -- Hurst, L D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 25;281(5385):2003-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, London NW1 2HE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9748155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Male ; Meiosis ; Organelles/genetics ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Sex ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Y Chromosome/genetics
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  • 96
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    The handy-dandy kitchen device (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abramson, P R -- Pinkerton, S D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1993-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/*genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Male ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Vocalization, Animal
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  • 97
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    Direct phosphorylation of IkappaB by IKKalpha and IKKbeta: discrimination between free and NF-kappaB-bound substrate (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-28
    Description: A large protein complex mediates the phosphorylation of the inhibitor of kappaB (IkappaB), which results in the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). Two subunits of this complex, IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha) and IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta), are required for NF-kappaB activation. Purified recombinant IKKalpha and IKKbeta expressed in insect cells were used to demonstrate that each protein can directly phosphorylate IkappaB proteins. IKKalpha and IKKbeta were found to form both homodimers and heterodimers. Both IKKalpha and IKKbeta phosphorylated IkappaB bound to NF-kappaB more efficiently than they phosphorylated free IkappaB. This result explains how free IkappaB can accumulate in cells in which IKK is still active and thus can contribute to the termination of NF-kappaB activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zandi, E -- Chen, Y -- Karin, M -- AI 43477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 28;281(5381):1360-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9721103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Dimerization ; Enzyme Activation ; HeLa Cells ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase ; Leucine Zippers ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Spodoptera ; Transcription Factor RelB ; *Transcription Factors
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  • 98
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    Probing single secretory vesicles with capillary electrophoresis (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: Secretory vesicles obtained from the atrial gland of the gastropod mollusk Aplysia californica were chemically analyzed individually with a combination of optical trapping, capillary electrophoresis separation, and a laser-induced fluorescence detection. With the use of optical trapping, a single vesicle that had attoliters (10(-18) liters) of volume was introduced into the tapered inlet of a separation capillary. Once the vesicle was injected, it was lysed, and its components were fluorescently labeled with naphthalene-2, 3-dicarboxaldehyde before separation. The resultant electropherograms indicated distinct variations in the contents of single vesicles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chiu, D T -- Lillard, S J -- Scheller, R H -- Zare, R N -- Rodriguez-Cruz, S E -- Williams, E R -- Orwar, O -- Sandberg, M -- Lundqvist, J A -- 1R29GM50336-01A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DA09873/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM18386/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R29 GM050336/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1190-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9469805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amines/*analysis ; Amino Acids/*analysis ; Animals ; Aplysia/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Cytoplasmic Granules/*chemistry ; *Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Mass Spectrometry ; Naphthalenes ; Peptides/analysis ; Potassium Cyanide ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Taurine/*analysis
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  • 99
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    Biological hydrogen production: not so elementary (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, M W -- Stiefel, E I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1842-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. adams@bmb.uga.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Carbon Monoxide/chemistry ; Clostridium/*enzymology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyanides/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Hydrogenase/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Iron/chemistry ; Ligands ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    The Bcl-2 protein family: arbiters of cell survival (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-12
    Description: Bcl-2 and related cytoplasmic proteins are key regulators of apoptosis, the cell suicide program critical for development, tissue homeostasis, and protection against pathogens. Those most similar to Bcl-2 promote cell survival by inhibiting adapters needed for activation of the proteases (caspases) that dismantle the cell. More distant relatives instead promote apoptosis, apparently through mechanisms that include displacing the adapters from the pro-survival proteins. Thus, for many but not all apoptotic signals, the balance between these competing activities determines cell fate. Bcl-2 family members are essential for maintenance of major organ systems, and mutations affecting them are implicated in cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, J M -- Cory, S -- CA43540/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 28;281(5381):1322-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Walter and Eliza Institute of Medical Research, Post Office Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria 3050, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9735050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; *Cell Survival ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Cytokines/physiology ; Genes, bcl-2 ; Humans ; Neoplasms/etiology/pathology/therapy ; Organelles/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/chemistry/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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