ALBERT

Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2019. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer Nature for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Zakroff, C., Mooney, T.A. & Wirth, C. Ocean acidification responses in paralarval squid swimming behavior using a novel 3D tracking system. Hydrobiologia, 808(1),(2018):83-106, doi:10.1007/s10750-017-3342-9.

Description: Chronic embryonic exposure to ocean acidification (OA) has been shown to degrade the aragonitic statolith of paralarval squid, Doryteuthis pealeii, a key structure for their swimming behavior. This study examined if day-of-hatching paralarval D. pealeii from eggs reared under chronic OA demonstrated measurable impairments to swimming activity and control. This required the development of a novel, cost-effective, and robust method for 3D motion tracking and analysis. Squid eggs were reared in pCO2 levels in a dose-dependent manner ranging from 400 - 2200 ppm. Initial 2D experiments showed paralarvae in higher acidification environments spent more time at depth. In 3D experiments, velocity, particularly positive and negative vertical velocities, significantly decreased from 400 to 1000 ppm pCO2, but showed non-significant decreases at higher concentrations. Activity and horizontal velocity decreased linearly with increasing pCO2, indicating a subtle impact to paralarval energetics. Patterns may have been obscured by notable individual variability in the paralarvae. Responses were also seen to vary between trials on cohort or potentially annual scales. Overall, paralarval swimming appeared resilient to OA, with effects being slight. The newly developed 3D tracking system provides a powerful and accessible method for future studies to explore similar questions in the larvae of aquatic taxa.

Description: We thank D. Remsen, the MBL Marine Resources Center staff, and MBL Gemma crew for their support in acquiring squid. R. Galat and the facilities staff of the WHOI ESL provided system support. D. McCorkle, KYK Chan, and M. White provided valuable insight on the OA system. E. Moberg, A. Beet, and A. Solow assisted in the development and coding of the 3D model system. We also thank E. Bonk, K. Hoering, M. Lee, D. Weiler, and A. Schlunk for their assistance and input with the experiments. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. 1122374. This project is funded by NSF Grant No. 1220034.

Description: Larvae of the chironomid midges (blood worms) are known as use full live food for cultured aquatics. There are endemic blood worms in sediments of the earthponds of Bafgh area at center of Iran. This study tended to identification of two chironomid species, Chironomus aprilinus Meigen, 1830 and Dicrotendipes sudanicus Freeman, 1959 & 1961, from Iran as a new record. Culture of blood worms was successful in glass thanks with 16h. light, at 24-26°C temperature. Eggs were incubated after 14 days. Suitable concentration of harvesting is 1-2 egg masses (1250eggs/m2). Enrichment of earthponds or plastis thanks including sedime is offered for culture of chironomid larvae. Collectors prepared with low cost materials are useful for collection of egg masses. May, June and July are the best time for egg collection. Large blood worms are mainly avalable in winter. Results of body analysis of the larvae indicated high dry matter with good quality.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: In order to domesticate Litopenaeus vannamei as a solution to single species shrimp aquaculture of Penaeus indicus and to reduce risk of shrimp culture in emergency cases, this study was carried out. Initially the postlarvae reared from imported L. vannamei were cultured. After culture season the adult shrimps were transported to greenhouse ponds for wintering. It is then relocated to hatchery saloon. After eye stalk ablation and maturation the female brood stocks were introduced to matured male for copulation at ponds. During the study period, male and female shrimps attained full maturation at end – April by temperature over 25ºC, the copulation process was started significantly. Finally of the 12 instances of copulation, one instance resulted nauplii production. The best maturation was observed at 28 ֯C ±1 and salinity30 to 33PPT and pH of 8 to 8.3 Fresh sea worms and squid showed the highest effect on fecundity in brood stocks. Besides, the spring season was obtained to be the best period for brood stock production in Bushehr province.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The Goal of project implementation was survey of biological roles of Northern pike, Esox lucius, in decreasing of Coarse fish and other un economics organisms in carps ponds and also increasing of final crops in hectare and determination of Suitable ration of pike in ponds. This project implemented by 5 treatment with 3 replicates for every ones in 2 years . The pike density was 200, 350, 500 and 650 fish individuals per hectare for 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 treatment , Respectively, and fifth treatment was without pike. The treatments of 1 and 3 conducted in first year and other in second year of test period. At first, about 26 brooders Caught from Anzali Lagoon, and reproduced by artificial and semi - natural methoods in Sefidroud Pisheries Research Station in 12–14 °c temperature. Produced larvae reared in earthen ponds and fries reached to weight of 10 -12 g after 45 days. Mean weight, length and survival rates of fish was 12.27 and 32.5 g , 11.44 and 15.83 cm , and 40 and 21% after 45 and 60 days , respectively . The carp density in ponds was 3500 fish individualsper hectar and stocking rates were 55 % silver carp, 20 % common carp , 10 % bighead carp and 15 % grass carp . In throughout of the experiment period, physico – chemical factors measured and plankton ( phyto and zoo) , benthos , un wanted fish and other organisms investigated . The biomass of unwanted fishes reduced to 76/81 and 60/6 % in first and second year of experiments respectively. The results showed that Esox lucius had effect in increasing of objective fish produce about 17.9 % and 3.9 % in first and second period of project implementation respectively . The average of fish produce in pond unit ( 2400 m2 )was 842 kg ( 3508 kg/ha ), 825 kg ( 3439 kg/ha ) and 776 kg ( 3232 kg/ha ) in first , second and control treatments first year of test period , and also in second year was 865 kg ( 3603 kg/ha ), 877 kg ( 3652 kg/ha) and 848 kg ( 3531 kg/ha) in second , fourth and control treatments , respectively . A significant different found in final weight mean of common carp between treatments and Control ponds (P 〈0/05), as the weight of common carp in treatments ponds was 220 % in first year and 191 % in second year more than control pond. In end of the trial, the mean weight of Esox lucius was 265 ± 74, 276 ± 104, 159 ± 33 and 265 ± 89 g in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatment, respectively. Survival rate of Northern pike in 1 to 4 treatment was 43.8, 55.2, 40 and 35.6 %, respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: In this study, Daphnia longispina were fed with two freshwater green algae species, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus, enriched with Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus were isolated and cultured for mass production. Three treatments with three replicates and a control group were considered to conduct this study. In order to investigate feeding, a total of 30 Acipenser persicus larvae with the initial mean weight of 68±3.6 mg were distributed into 12 plastic tanks of 60 L. Experimental fish larvae were fed daphnia collected from earthen ponds (as control group), daphnia enriched with Scenedesmus dimorphus (treatment 1), daphnia enriched with Chlorella vulgaris (treatment 2) and daphnia enriched with Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus (at the rates of 50%) (treatment 3). The microalgae density to enrich daphnia is estimated at 5×107 cells mL-1 . Fish larvae were fed at an amount of 30% body weight per day for four times. During the experimental period, water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and pH ranged between 18-24°C, 5.8-7.2 mg l-1 and 5.6-8.2, respectively. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the highest (32.3 %) in D. longispina enriched with Chlorella vulgaris and the highest concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (19.8%) was observed in D. longispina enriched with Scenedesmus dimorphus. The highest (21.6%) and lowest (13.2%) concentrations of PUFA in fish larvae were recorded in treatment 3 and the control group, respectively. The results obtained from the body weight increase (BWI %) revealed that there were significant differences (P≤0.05) between treatment 3 (daphnia enriched with chlorella and scenedesmus) and other treatments. The highest (5.5 ± 1.24 % day-1) and the lowest (4.6± 1.13% day-1) mean specific growth rates (SGR) were recorded in fish fed treatment 3 and the control group, respectively. The lowest (68%) and the highest (85%) survival rates were obtained in the control group and treatment 3, respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Following studies on the identification and estimation of fish larvae density in Khoozastan Creeks study was carried ouu in East coast of Khoozestan to completely cover the area, from Dec. 1999 till Nov, 2000. Monthly samplings were carried out in 4 stations in East coasts of Khoozestan watere (Eastern side of Khor e - Mosa channal), using 500 micron Bongo net and oblique haules from bottom to the surface. From a total No. of 4765 observed larvae, 24 families were identified. Gobiidae (29,670) Clupeiformes Per Flexion (21.3%), Leiognathidae (10.6%), Clupeidae (163%) and Callionymidae (4.45%) were the dominate families. Other families such as Cynoglossidae, Scianidai, Engraulidae. Bregmacerotidae, etc,. were scarce. Half of the obser.red larvae were common in all the sampling stations Except serimeh station that showed a, higher larval frequency, other Stations were similar in this regurd.Mean diversity index was highest in May, June, July and Auguest and was lowest in Aprill, Octa and NOV. Analysis of variance only showed significant differences of diversity indices between seasons, and Spring and Summer were different from Autumn and Winter. Analysis of averge values of these two indices in the studied areas only showed the significance of evenness in various areas, and grouping searated the East coast from other two areas (Creeks and the West coasts), Non significance of diversity index in the studies areas shows that they could be similar. All the identified larvae were also present in Creeks and the west coasts, and most of the families present in West coasts were also observed in the East coast.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: In many species of finfish, females exhibit higher growth rates than males and achieve larger sizes. In addition, in some species, males mature before reaching marketable size. Therefore, there is great interest from the fish farmers to produce all-female stocks. In this project tried to reversing the sex of rainbow trout larvae by 17 estradiol and direct method, further more finding the optimum dose of this natural estrogen for endocrine sex reversion of Rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Four experimental treatments were designed with doses of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/kgf. Trout which treated with 40 mg/kgf yielded 96% female and greatest growth.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In the first chapter, all documents in aquaculture feed, feed formulation, nutritional requirement and basic concepts of aquatic feeding had been collected. The second chapter focused on broodstock feeding in order to improve reproduction effecieny . The third chapter performed to importance of live food specially in sturgeon fishes larvae and the forth chapter attended to biology and ecology of this fishes and finally in the fifth chaper, special nutrition and feeding in sturgeon fish larvae had been brought with all the works out in Iran on. There are 63 documents including papers, thesis and reports from different research library and universities among them 34 base on sturgeon larvae nutrition specially on Huso huso and Persian sturgeon species and almost there are not any documents on the other three species. 14 documents comes from the role of protein, energy and lipid replacements basically in the first growth year, 3 of back to the special nutrition requirement of Persian and Huso huso species and 12 were on digestive enzymes physiology, the role of probiotic and prebiotic on growth and survival rate. Almost there is not any organization in Iran to work on this species specificly and it seems every student and researcher paid attend to a narrow way of high way sturgeon fish researches. There is not any data bank on these important fishes and some repeated worked out by researchers in different parts of the country. Beside of this documents there had been gathered some research documents from the other countires for comparing and showing the correct way in this regards. First, we must focus on broodstock sturgeon feeding, then on egg and yolk analysis, larval stages, morphology, measurement of larval mouth and finding the best live food for different stages of sturgeon larviculture and finnaly on digestive physiology and enzymatic activities. In the stage of shifting from endogenous to exogenous feeding, nutritional requirement, protein digestibility, essential and free amino acids, essential fatty acids spcially PUFA and HUFA, vitamins, minerals, pigments, growth and survival stimulants and resistance to physiological environmental stress are very important to search.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Aquatic animals possess specific biological characteristics and lifecycle. Without knowing about their biology and complete lifecycle, planning about their conservation can not be effective. Following the previous studies on fish larvae in Khuzestan coastal waters this study was done to determination catch composition and density of juvenile fishes in Khuzestan coastal waters during 2007 to 2008. Studied area included two main fisheries ground, Lifeh-Busafe in west and Bahrekan in east coasts. Monthly random sampling was carried out by using shrimp trawl net with Akhtar vessel. Juvenile fish's means the fishes that completed their larval cycle and are look like their parents but have not been matured yet. The catch mean, biomass, CPUA and the stock size of different species were estimated by using Swept Area Method. Totally 101485 caught fishes included 38 families and 63 species. The most abundant trawled fishes were Thryssa vitriostris Leiognathus bindus Ilisha melastoma Penahia macrophthalmus and Johnius belangerii .These five species contain about 80 %, the species Arius dussumieri and Cynoglossus arel 4.5% and 3.2 % respectively and the others 12% of total caught fishes. In the east coasts the species L. bindus I. melastoma T. vitriostris P. macrophthalmus and in the west coasts the species P. macrophthalmus T. vitriostris J. belangerii and I.melastoma were the most abundant. Among 63 identified fish species , juvenile fishes of 23 species were observed which contain 26.4 % of total caught fishes .the fishes Arius dussumieri and Acantopagrus latus 100%, Liza subviridis, Leiognathus lineolatus and Triacantuhus biaculeatus more than 80 % and Pomadasys stridens Lagocephalus inermis Saurida tumbil and Thryssa vitrirostris more than 50 % were observed as juvenile stage. The most abundant juvenile fishes were T. vitrirostris L. bindus and Arius dussumieri respectively. The maximum (1852 kg/km2) and the minimum (165 kg/km2) values of CPUA were estimated in west coasts in July and December respectively. The maximum (2677 kg/km2) and the minimum (153 kg/km2) values of CPUA were estimated in east coasts in June and August respectively. The biomass showed a distinct peak in June and July in east and west coasts respectively. The highest diversity index in east (2/22) and west (2.36) coasts were obtained in July. In present study the number of identified fishes is more than previous studies. Juvenile fishes spend their sensitive period of lifecycle in Khuzestan coastal waters. After growing in late spring, fish larvae enter to the juvenile stage and select this productive area as nursery ground. Increasing of juvenile fishes in July is accordance with their reproduction season in studied area. The east coasts are deeper than the west and there are some differences in hydrological characteristics due to discharging of the rivers Bahmanshir and Arvandrood in west coasts. The peaks of abundance in east and west coasts were observed with a clear time interval. The higher CPUA in east coasts can be caused due to gradual migration of juvenile fishes from west to east during cold season.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This project was conducted in five independent experiments in appropriate tanks with suitable aeration and water fellow. Temperature: an experiment designed to evaluate the effect of temperature on growth and survival of tilapia fry by using four thermal regimes consist of 22, 25, 28 and 31 °c in three replicates. Fries with initial wight of .014 g were stocked in plastic container with 10 liter capacity at the rare of 5/liter. Fish were fed on rainbow trout commercial food at a rate of 30 % of biomass 5 times per day. The results showed that some growth indices such as final body weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and weight gain increased by increasing water temperature significantly. Although fry survival increased by increasing temperature but these differnces were not significant. the results suggest that in larviculture of Nile tilapia water temperatue should not be less than 28°c. Density: compressibility of Nile tilapia fry was studied by using plastic container with 13 liter capacity. Fry with initial weigh of .034 g were stocked in four treatments 10, 15, 20 and 30 fry/l with four replicates. They fed on rainbow trout food according to their biomass five times per day during the light period. The results showed that some growth indices such as average of final body weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and survival decreased by increasing stocking density significantly, while feed conversion rate increased by increasing stocking density. Considering the experiment, it could be suggested that lower stocking density (10/l) resulted the best growth efficiency and survival of Nile tilapia fry. On the other hand, compering the results of growth and survival rate(84%) in two stocking densites(15 and 20/l) showed that it is passible to culture Nile tilapia fry at the stocking density of 20fry/l in suitable condition. Salinity: A study conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity on growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia fry by using six salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 ppt) with three replicates. Fry fed on rainbow trout food five times per day during the light period. Results showed that some growth indices such as average of final body weight, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and survival rate increased by increasing salinity levels up to 8 ppt significantly, and then decreased by increasing salinity levels up to 20 ppt. according to the experiment, it seems that larviculture of Nile tilapia in brackish water is available and the best results achives at 8 ppt. considering the results of growth and survival rate at 16 ppt showed that Salinity up to 16 ppt was tolerable, although reduced the growth and survival of Nile tilapia fry. Photoperiod: the objective of this study was to examine the effects of photoperiod on growth and survival rate of Nile tilapia fry by planning four treatments (6L:18D, 12L:12D, 18L:6D and 24L:0D) and four replicates. Light provided by tow fluorescent lamps those set at a distance of 60 cm above the tanks and worked by an automatic timer. Fry fed on rainbow trout food five times per day. Results showed that average of final body weight, daily growth rate and specific growth rate were loest in 6L:18D and these indices increased by increasing light duration. these differences were not significant among 6L:18D and 12L:12D. but the differences between 6L:18D with 18L:6D and 24L:0D were significant. Evaluation of survival rate showed that photoperiod did not significant effect on survival in all treatments. These finding suggests that a 12L:12D cycle be adequate in case of larval rearing. Cannibalism: An experiment designed to determine the occurrence of cannibalism among 5 different size groups of (5, 10, 20 and 30 g with fry 0.45 g) Nile tilapia population (fry / fingerling) under two stocking densities (1 / 2 and 1 / 4 fingerling / fry) with three replicates in the poly etilen tanks in brackish water condition. Fry were counted at 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours after stocking in two methods (feeding and no feeding). In the feeding trial fingerling were fed on rainbow trout food two times per day. The results showed that cannibalism became more intense as the size difference increased. After passing time cannibalism rate increased. Also results showed increasing fry density causes increasing cannibalism in both treatments (feeding and without feeding). Feeding fingerlings (predator) was effective in reducing cannibalism.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The two groups of grass carp, have been propagated in North and South fish farms and then the larvae were transferring to Abziroshd and culture fish farm of Mazandaran. The fingerling at eight weight classes of 2 to 500 gram were investigated morphologically and some morphometric and meristic were compared. The South grass carp was significant difference (P〈0.05) with the North, in case of weight with the same length, number of vertebral and gill raker. The coefficient of variance (CV) of meristic characters of South Grass carp was in the range of 1.2 to 9.8 while in Mazandaran grass carp 2.8 to 8.6. This CV illustrate the low variance in both population. This research study showed that the two stocks can be regard as difference races from one ancestor.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to study the Inheritance of Microsatellite Markers in the hybrid of Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Vimba vimba persa in the Southern part of the Caspian Sea, hybridization between the species was carried out during spring (2009) in Shahid Ansari reproduction and culture workstation. 30 samples from the produced larva and also small piece of dorsal and pectoral fin of their parents were collected and stored in pure ethanol (96%) and transferred to the biotechnology of the Caspian Ecology Academy. DNA was extracted from fin samples of the parents, whilst the whole F1 progeny was used to isolate the DNA by Phenol-chloroform method. Quantity and quality of extracted DNA was determined using 1% Agarose electrophorus. DNA was used for PCR ampilification of 10 microsatellite loci. The amplifications were run on 6% Polyacrylamid electrophorus. The present study showed that 7 out of 10 markers were polymorphic and variated between the parents. Goodness of fit to the Mendelian inheritance ratio was determined by X2 analysis. 4 primers were segregrated according to Mendelian expectations at a significance level of P 0.05. Based on UPGMA dendrogram (Nei, 1978) two different clusters were obtained in which Chalcalburnus chalcoides and hybrid were in the same cluster but Vimba vimba persa was in the other. It seems that Vimba vimba persa is a joint ancestor for these two. High heterozygosity presence in parents and their F1 shows the high potential of genetic variety in Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Vimba vimba persa which from the aquaculture management and conservation view is important and considering the high genetic variety in their hybrid, the hybrid has the sufficient potential for race improvement.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Hamoun fish, Schizothorax zarudnyi, is an indigenous species of the eastern waters of Iran, which is exclusively found in this region. However recently drought occurrence in the Chahnimeh reservoirs (a semi natural water body) making them vulnerable to extinction. As an appropriate action to address this problem and according to the 3 side contract between Italian Government – UNDP - Islamic republic of Iran Government and the Italian government financial support to reduce poverty in the Province of Sistan-Baluchestan through the reinforcement and dissemination of aquaculture activities the project was developed at the Hamoun Research Unit by the Chahbahar Fisheries Research Center to record the breeding normative of 1 g weight larvae for restocking and other researching purposes. 331 broodstocks of the indigenous species Shizothorax zarudnyi weighing 800-2450 g were collected from the Chahnimeh reservoirs in early autumn, 2006. From 5/3/2007 ( the project is supported and communicated on 2010) , Ovulation was stimulated with three stimulators; pituitary extract (3-6 mg kg-1 body weight), GnRH-A (20-30 mg kg-1 body weight) and anti dopamine (10-15 mg kg-1 body weight) that was given in 2-3 doses to breeders. Of 169 injected breeders , some were injected On mid March of 2007 (12-13 ºC water tempreture) responded to the injection 25% ,while the rest were injected On April of 2008 (14-16 ºC water tempreture) responded to the injection 65%. In the present project of 167 breeders 82 were female and 87 male. Totally 30 female breeders released their eggs in different stages. 20 female breeders released their eggs completely, 3 breeders released half of their eggs and 7 released 1/3 of their eggs. The male breeders just injected in the final dose of hormontrapy and all were ready for releasing sperms however the ovulation in female breeders occurs between 353-428 h ºC and after the final dose of injection. Ripe eggs were stripped from the females and fertilization was done by the dry method. Fertilized eggs were transferred to veis incubators and troughs. Incubation period for eggs differs and larvae hatch out after about 910 days at an average water temperature of 12.5 °C. Maintained at 13-14 °C, complete absorption of yolk sac in Shizothorax zarudnyi larvae occurred after 5-8 days. Larvae were fed with a mixture of powdered milk and egg yolk in this stage followed by decapsulated Artemia cysts and nauplii of Artemia and then on formulated starter diets used for carps . Because the ponds were not ready, larvae were maintained in troughs for about ten days before they were transferred to two 1200 m2 earthen ponds where they reached a body weight of about 1 g. They were then handed over to the Iranian Fisheries department in the region. Larvae were fed with the starter feed SFCO in the earthen ponds. About 350 thousand larvae were stocked in two earthen ponds. Based on the results of present study and other studies we may conclude that artificial breeding in Schizothorax can be successfully achieved at 14-16 ºC in flow through systems using hormone therapy (combination of GnRha and anti dopamine) and larvae could be easily cultured in earthen ponds. However this species exhibits lower growth rates as compared to carps its high expenses could have an important role in economical feasible.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Nowadays, the offspring of sturgeon species in the Caspian Sea is under danger because of biological and non-biological impacts such as pollution and illegal catching as well as dams obstacles of fish migration to the upstream of the rivers for the spawning. One of the most practical way to protect and maintain the natural stocking of these valuable species in the sea is artificial propagation and releasing of the produced larvae into the sea and the entering rivers as Iran Fishery Organization is currently producing about 22 million larvae per year according to the forth national plan of the country. However, protecting these natural resources of these species from the toxic chemicals is a critical issue because of high level pollution of their natural environment. In this research work an attempt was made to evaluate the toxicity of diazinon and its effect on some specific and nonspecific immune parameters of these sturgeon species in particular great sturgeon in order to give some recommendations for improving of their natural environment. A number of 300 fish weighing 12±2 g from great sturgeon obtained from sturgeon farms in Golestan states were used. Fish were transported to the Caspian Sea institute of ecology and were kept in 2000 L tanks with well aeration. Fish were fed commercial feed containing Kilka meal. The water quality parameters consisting of NO2, NH3, pH, DO and hardness were 〈0.1, 0 mg.l, 0.02mg/l, 7.9, 7-9/1 mg/l, and 145 mg/l, respectively. The acute toxicity of diazinon was assessed in beluga (Huso huso) and some of hematological and biochemical parameters of the survival fish examined. The obtained LC50-96 hours was 5.63 mg/l for Huso huso. Also, the obtained results showed that RBC, HB and PCV were significantly lower in the survival fish than the control fish. However, level of MCV in test groups was higher than control groups (P〈0.05). Also, leucocytes count level was different between the test and control groups. Also, no difference was observed in level of enzymes of ALD, AST, LDH and ALP between test and control groups, while levels of total protein and glucose in test groups were lower and higher than control fish, respectively. IgM of these species were purified and partially characterized using affinity chromatography and SDSPAGE methods, the obtained results showed than all fish species possess and IgM like protein with a molecular weight of 870KDa. This IgM showed to have heavy chains with 77-84 KDa and light chains with 28-30 KDa. The chronic/sublethal effect of this diazinon was assessed in great sturgeon juvenile and hematological and biochemical changes, leucocyte population size, lysozyme activity, chemiluminuscence (CL) response, antibody titration and histhopathological change were studied in beluga (Huso huso) weighing 450±50 g in the present of Antigen of Aeromonas Hydrophila as a single intraperitoneal injection at 1x107 cell per fish and thereafter a chronic exposure to organophosphate, diazinon at concentrations of 1,5 and 10 mg/L as a 48 hours bath and sample collected on day one and every week interval upto 22 days provided at 22±1?C and acceptable water quality condition. Results of erythrocyte profile in fish treated with diazinon generally showed significantly decrease of RBC, HCT (P〈0.05) compare to control fishes. While there was no significant difference (P〉0.05) in the values of MCH, MCV and MCHC between these groups. Compare to control group (group A) the values of white blood cells and lymphocyte were significantly lower in the exposed fish to diazinon (groups of C, D, E, F, G and H) while, the level of neutrophile and eosinophil was higher than control one (P〈0.05). No significant differences was found in values of monocytes and immature neutrophiles between control group and these groups (P〉0.05).Furthermore, fish treated with diazinon showed a higher levels of asparate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the early stage of post-exposure, compare to control fishes, while the level of these enzymes was lower in this group for the rest of experiment. Also, fish treated with Antigen-diazinon showed generally lower and higher levels of total protein and glucose concentrations in blood plasma, respectively compared to fish untreated(control) (P〈0.05).The level of cholinesterase in fish treated with diazinon bath generally lower than control group(P〈0.05).The level of lysozyme in liver of groups B,D,F,G and H were significantly higher (P〈0.05) than group A up to 2 weeks post-treatment and then it insignificantly reduced to lower levels until week 3 post-exposure. Also, kidney lysozyme contents were significantly higher (P〉0.05) in groups of B,F,G and H than group A up to 2 weeks post-treatment and then was lower for the rest of the experiment. The level of spleen lysozyme in groups of B,G and H was also, higher than group A for the first 2 weeks post-treatment and, then it reduced to below levels measured during the rest of experiment (P〉0.05). Lysozyme level of sera samples were significantly higher (P〈0.05) in groups of B, D, E, F, G and H than group A in the one week post-treatment. There was significant difference in the lysozyme contents of tissues of liver, spleen and serum between groups of A and E,F,G,H(P〈0.05). Mean spontaneous CL response in groups of diazinon bath were significantly lower than group A throughout the experiment (P〈0.05). Maximum peak was found in group D one day post-exposure, while the minimum peak was found in group E throughout the experiment. The antibody titration in groups of treated with diazinon bath generally lower than control group (P〈0.05).but the antibody titer in group B that treated with Antigen without diazinon bath was higher than the other groups. The histopathological effects of diazinon on the liver, kidney, spleen, gills, nostril and barbels of gain sturgeon examined under light and electron microscope, showed that diazinon caused severe damage to the cell structure such as congestion of blood vessels, hemorrhage, cellular infiltration, pyknosis of cells nuclei, vacuolar degeneration and general necrosis in the tissues of kidney, spleen and liver. There were also degenerative changes of interstitial tissue, detachment of tubular basement membrane in kidney. In the gills, hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamellae, separation and sloughing of epithelium from the underlying basement membrane were also observed In conclusion, diazinon at toxic and sub lethal concentrations is able to seriously affect the sturgeon immunity resulting in suppression of fish immune system and making fish susceptible to both non-infectious and infectious diseases.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Study of tagging effects on survival rate of Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius) fries before releasing to natural habitat was a part of a large research plan on conservation and restoration of Caspian trout stocks in the Southern Caspian by Coldwater Fishes Research Center. Catching brooders, propagation, larvae and juvenile rearing were carried out in Southern coasts and rivers of Caspian sea and in shahid Bahonar propagation center in Kelardasht, Mazandaran (North of Iran) in autumn 2012. 150 fries for each treatment (5, 10 and 20 g fries and Plastic T tag, elastomer tag and control treatments) anesthetized, weighed (g), measured (mm), tagged, disinfected and introduced to cement ponds. Fries were kept and fed for 5 days and their behavior and responses to food, infection of wound and mortality were recorded. No mortality were observed in all treatments, fries were shocked for few hours after handling and did not take food but they started to feed from the first day after tagging and there was no infection in macroscopic observation of wound.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Survey is conducted to evaluate the effects of different intensities and durations of red light spectrums on growth performance and survival of Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius) in Coldwater Fishes Research Center (CFRC). According to the standard methods and manuals, selected 1.1±0.2 g (1755 individuals) larvae transferred from a registered and well-known hatchery and introduced to the fish tanks in CFRC after quarantine and adaptation procedures. The trial designed for 9 treatments with 3 repeats and fish tanks (California troughs) stocked by 65 larvae. All tanks were separated by dark plastic sheets individually to more controlling actions on special lighting regimes, except controls. Lighting actions were conducted as long as survey stage for 36 days by economic lamps (P: 40/50 W, =550/880 lum) on lighting durations of 12/12, 10/14, 14/10 h (on/off) and 24 (on) by 40/50 W lamps respectively for treatment 1 to 8. Controls are considered in treatment No. 9 by natural and environmental lighting regime. The biometry operations were carried out in a 6 days interval. Results were analyzed with SPSS (Version 12) software and by ANOVA one way analysis method and multiple levels of Duncan Test; graphs were illustrated by Excel software. According to the results, most of the measured factors as growth indicators (FW, WG, FCR and SGR) in treatments (1-8) had showed significant differences in compare of control. In this case, oily drips in retina layer of eye s larvae absorb the short light spectrums and let the long spectrums to be transferred. Thus because of more vision, feeding behavior could develop with lower stress condition. Moreover, some growth factor (SGR, WG and FCR) rates in larvae showed better values significantly in treatment (1) (12/12 h lighting with 550 lum) in compare of other treatments and controls (P≤ 0.05). In addition, there are not any harmonized and expected growth parameters with synchronized red lighting intensities and durations in the Caspian trout larvae. It seems that recent demonstrations were influenced by physiological effects of some endocrinal glands and brain neurotransmitters.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: In order to produce broodstock from cultued shrimps , two groups of 1247 and 3781 ....

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This survey was carried out by R/V Gilan with a conical plankton net of 100 micron mesh by vertical hauls at 8 transect in the southern Caspian sea. Transects were located at Astara, Anzali, Sefid roud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Torkman in depths of 5, 10,20,50and 100m. Samples were taken in 4 seasons ( in each season 64 samples) in 2009. In this study 23 species formed the zooplankton community including 4 species of Copepoda, 8 species of Rotatoria, 2 species of Protozoa and 8 species of Cladocera. The meroplankton blonged to 2 species of Balanus sp and Lamellibranchiata larvae. The annual results revealed that the maximum abundance of Copepoda were 3612±4839 ind/m3 and 35/75 ±42/81 mg/ m3 in summer and decreased gradually since autumn and reached to minimum value in winter. The maximum abundance of Cladocera was 300± 383 ind/m3 in spring and reached to less than 4 ind/m3 in summer and autumn. The Rotatoria had high population (3775± 8632 ind/m3) in winter which consisted the zooplankton population with Copepoda. The Protozoa had no efficient role in zooplankton population of Caspian sea during the year. The zooplankton population was affected by Meroplankton and Lamellibranchiata larvae in spring and winter. The Copepoda contributed in zooplankton population only in summer and autumn. The maximum zooplankton abundance and biomass were in 5m depth which included 10209±8352 ind/m3 and 43/56±26/08mg/ m3 in spring, 8545±7127 ind/m3 and 73/59±56/65mg/ m3 in summer(10 m depth), 8427±6711 ind/m3 and 43/15± 29/59 mg/ m3 in autumn and 24426 ±26975 ind/m3 and 334/25±392/21 mg/ m3 in winter which decresed from surface to depth. The maximum abundance and biomass of zooplankton were 5119±6018 ind/m3 in east and 28/59±24/79 mg/ m3 in central area in spring, 6628±7117 ind/m3 in west area and 50/73±59/52 mg/ m3 in central area in summer, 5248 ±5489 ind/m3 and 31/16 ±31/22 mg/ m3 in west area in autumn and 11588±16191 ind/m3 and 131/02±193/61 mg/ m3 in west area in winter. The annual statistical analysis reveals that there is significant difference between Copepoda and Cirripedia population among seasons, sampling stations, depth and sampling layer (Kruskalwallis test, p〈0.05) and the total zooplankton populatin had no significant difference only between seasons (Kruskal-wallis test, p〉0.05). The Cladocera, Lamellibranchiata larvae and the Rotatoria had significant difference between seasons only (Kruskal-wallis test, p〈0.01).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of food attractants (methionine, lysine and alanine) on growth performance and survival rates of Acipenser percicus larvae and fingerlings during the acclimation period to the formulated diets. A total of 3300 Acipenser percicus larvae and 1500 Acipenser percicus fingerlings with the initial mean weights of 0.4±0.09 (mean±SD) and 1.8±0.3 (mean±SD) g, respectively were randomly distributed into 30 aerated plastic tanks of 30 L capacity for larval stage and 50 L capacity for fingerling stage provided with a water flow rate of 0.2 litre per second. This study was conducted at the International Sturgeon Research Institute for two periods of 62 and 70 days over two years. Nine iso-caloric diets were formulated to contain 0, 1 and 3 % of three amino acids methionine, lysine and alanine. In addition, a diet containing 50 % of plant protein supplemented with 3 % of methionine, lysine and alanine was also formulated to compare the effects of plant-protein-based diet with the experimental diets so as to prepare a cost-effective practical diet for this species. Fish were fed each of the ten experimental diets and a completely randomized design in a 3×3 factorial arrangement was used for the experiment. At the end of the feeding trial, final weight (7.5 ± 0.3 g) in Persian sturgeon larvae fed M3L1A3 diet (3% methionine and alanine and 1% lysine) was significantly higher than those of fish fed the other experimental diets (p≤0.05) and then M1L1A3 diet (1% methionine and lysine and 3% alanine) was significantly better (p≤0.05) than other experimental diets. There were no significant differences (p≥0.05) in final weights among M1L1A1, M3L1A1, M3L3A1, M1L3A3 and M3L3A3 diets, while theses diets showed significant differences in final weight with fish fed plant-protein-based diet (3.2±1 g) and without amino acids supplemented diet (M0L0A0) (3.6± 0.4 g). Based on final weigh obtained from Persian sturgeon fingerlings, there were significant differences (p≤0.05) between M3L3A3 (3% methionine, 3% lysine and 3% alanine) (11.1±3.6g) and M3L1A3 (3% methionine, 1% lysine and 3% alanine) (10.4±3.1g) diets with M1L1A1, M1L3A1, M1L1A3, M0L0A0 and plant-protein-based diets. Results of final weigh in fingerling stage also indicated that there were no significant differences (p≥0.05) among M1L1A1 (7±1.2 g), M3L1A1 (8.6±1.6 g), M1L3A1 (7±0.5 g) and M1L1A3 diets (6.6±1.0 g) with M0L0A0 (5.8±1.8 g) and plant-protein-based diets. Analysis of total length in Persian sturgeon fingerlings indicated that there were no significant differences (p≥0.05) among treatments. The highest total length (12±1.6 cm) was recorded in fish fed M3L1A3 diet. Results obtained from this study revealed that young growing Persian sturgeon has greater requirements for methionine in diet, while lysine and alanine at the levels of 1 and 3% for Persian sturgeon fingerlings and at the level of 3% for larvae stage show the same effects on growth performance. Hence, it may be concluded that the dietary alanine and lysine requirements for sturgeon larvae during the acclimation period to formulated diet is estimated to be more than 1 %. No significant differences were observed in survival rates in sturgeon larvae and fingerlings among treatments.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Project was carried out at the Gomishan Centre for training and education which is located 15 km far from Gomishan City in the Golestan Province. Prebroodstocks were chosen from ponds (stocking density: 3/m2). 860 male and 890 female broodstocks were separated and transferred into greenhouse (400 m2). The average growth rate per day was 0.3 g and survival rate was 90%. After reaching 42 g in males and 52 g in females they were ready for Eyes stalk Brood stocks were transferred into propagation hall in June and after a week females gone under Eyes stalk. 10,890,000 eggs were yielded from 50 females and consequently 7,187,050 nauplius were produced. Each broodstock spawned 1.34Times. The maximum hetching was 75% that in was average 64.2%. Mass of Cetocerous Algae was mass produced to be fed for post larvae. Finally 35,000 PL15 were yielded. PL15 were transferred into two half hectare and one 1 ha ponds in July. The stocking dencity was 18 PL/m2. Biometric parameters together with air and water temperatures, and pH were recorded daily. Results indicate that the maximum survival rate was 58% (pond No. 5) and minimum was 52% (pond No. 17). The average weight after 101 days cultivating was 23 g which is appropriate. Also the average daily growth rate was 0.2g and the FCR was 1.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Rainbow trout is only species of cold water fishes which is rearing and propagation in Iranian fishery farms. Along of develop aquaculture industries increase request of best produces such as trout eyed eggs and larva. For this reason fishery farmers must be to provide that the way of import of other countries, such as: Denmark, Norway and France. As for this importance subject and unknown basic information about preference ratio for doing it, we needed to study about that to answer the suppliant questions. In this study carried out 3 test groups (3 treatments with 3 repetitions) and compared specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF) and survival rate (SVR) between in this groups. Statistical analysis were significantly difference of increase rate of length and weight in French group with other groups (p〈0.05). Compared of main factors (SGR, CF, SVR) in French test group were significantly difference with other groups (p〈0.05). Survival rate percentage in Iranian treatments (SVR=%67) were significantly with the others (p〈0.05). This ratio respectively in Danish and French treatment was %54 and %48.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This project prepared and implemented during 2013-16 with emphasis on to provide the results of the fish larva projects (identification, abundance and distribution) in the Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman which as well as had already been done by Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute and affiliated research institutes and centers . Since each marine fish stocks management requires increased knowledge of the life cycle and be complete biological information, obviously implementation and increased field research is essential, on the other hand the results and the availability of data and information to operation and coordination with the scientific community at national and international levels is of particular importance. This is on condition that currently, due to the increasing trend researchers and students Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries, the availability of data resulting from studies and research projects and initiatives will be necessary. The site is currently only in view of identification and distribution of marine fish larva has been prepared in farsi with photo gallery, and english language development and preparation of the site for the international operation there. It is worth mentioning in the same areas and the same site adjacent seas of fish larvae has not been prepared and is not available. So this site can also be considered as reference area. This site is available for researchers, scientist and students as address: http://ifl.ifro.ir/

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: In the present Shrimp industry Has become a huge industry . The shrimp culture in Bushehr province began with Penaeus semisulcatus and Fenneropenaeus indicus and with introducing Litopenaeus vannamei in Iran Was known as a culture species.The shrimp production rate in IRAN is about 23000 metric ton. Outbreak of Various diseases and Biosecurity are most important things to produce Specific Patogen Free(SPF) shrimp.In this regard, production of SPF shrimp is The main requirements of shrimp industry.The survey on growth and srvival larve of different generation of Litopenaeus vannamei project was carried out in 2013 and 2014.Broodstock selecting ,propagation, culture and shrimp generation Was performed in 2012 until 2014.In 2014 we produced 4300 pieces of prebroodstock with 22.38 gram and 86 percent survival rate after 120 days of culture.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The black lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifer is one of the three valuable species of pearl oyster for the cultured pearl industry of the world. Due to its high economical value, endangered species status in Persian Gulf, its historical and social importance, and the technical feasibility to produce pearl oysters seeds in hatchery, Persian Gulf Shellfish Research Center in northern part of Persian Gulf, Iran developed the spat production of this important species for the first time. Ten pairs of matured P. margaritifera broodstocks collected from the pearl oysters beds in Lavan Island, Persian Gulf during Jun-July 2004, were transferred to the hatchery at the Persian Gulf Shellfish Research Center. All the broodstocks were thoroughly brushed free of fouling organisms and washed with freshwater. The spawning and larval cultured procedures were generally the same as described for P. fucata and P. margaritifera by Algarswami et al., (1983. 1987). The oysters subjected to thermal stimulation (temperature elevated from 20 °C to 30 °C). Around 70% of oysters spawned approximately after an hour. Fertilization was normal ranging between 97-98% and early larval development was viable. Six one-tone fiberglass tanks holding 1μ filtered and UV sterilized seawater with gentle aeration were used for culturing the larvae. Pure culture of three micro algae, Isochrysis aff galbana ,Chaetoceros calcitrans and Chaetoceros mulleri were used as diets. Feeding started with I. galbana and a combination of I. galbana and C. calcitrans from day 4 of rearing period. The initial larval density was 50 larvae/mL at D-Shape larval stage and reduced to 1 laravae/mL at later stages. The larvae reached to the D-Shape stage between 20-24 hours, Umbo stage on day 6-12, Eye-spot on day 17-21and Pediveliger and Plantigarad on day 22-30. Oyster Spats were settled on collectors after 32 days of rearing period. Survival rate was 70% at D-Shape stage, 60% for Umbo stage, 50% for Eye-spot and 30% for Spat. Total produced spat 123500 in two years and realized and transferred 23500 spat to sea.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of two hormones and an anti-aromatase, i.e. 17 methyl testosterone (MT), methyl di hydrotestosterone (MDHT) or mestanolone and letozole in masculinization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh station situated in Yazd province in center of Iran. Each experiment in this study was consisted of 5 treaments with 3 replicates each. A number of 1725 larvaes was distributed randomly among 15 replicates at the beginning of each experiment. Each experiment lasted 45 days and the larvaes were reared in aerated flow-through pots and fiberglass tanks filled with brackish water. The averages for temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen of water were 26.9 ê, 8 g/l, 7.6 and 5.78% respectively during this study. In experiment 1, three different doses of 40, 60 and 100 mg MT/k of feed were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The results showed that the larvaes in 40 mg group were 100 percent masculinized based on squash test performed at the end of the experiment but masculinization rates of those in 60 and 100 mg groups were 99.7 and 96.2 perecent respectively. Based on Dunkan test, total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 3 (at the end of the experiment) were not significantly different among groups but in biometry 2 (30 days after the beginning of experiment), they were significantly lesser only in 40 mg group (P〈0.05). There was significant differences in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=31.166, P〈0.05) and the values in 40 and 100 mg groups (74.5 and 82.9% respectively) were lesser than those in 60 mg, control 1 and control 2 groups (84.3, 89.0 and 87.0 respectively). In experiment 2, masculinization rates of two different groups of larvaes immersed in 1800 µg MDHT/liter once in 10dpf and twice in 10 and 14dpf were 80.0 and 91.9 percent respectively. There were no significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 between different groups but significant differences were observed in total body length only in biometry 3 (P〈0.05) where the highest values occurred in experiment 1 and control 1 groups and the lowest one in experiment 2. Significant differences observed in survival rate of different groups of larvaes in this experiment based on chi-square test (χ=15.165, P〈0.05) and the rates in experiment 1, control 2 and 3 groups (89.9, 86.4 and 89.9% respectively) were higher than those in experiment 2 and control 1 groups (82.0 and 82.3 respectively). In experiment 3, three different doses of anti-aromatse letrozole (200, 300 and 400 mg/k feed) were fed to different groups of 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvaes for 45 days from the beginning of the experiment. The larvaes in 400 group .were all masculinized whereas the masculinization rates in 200 and 300 mg groups were 99.0 and 99.6% respectively. There were significant differences in total body length and weight averages measured in biometry 2 and 3 among groups in this experiment (P〈0.05) where the highest and the lowest values occurred in control 2 and experime2 groups respectively. Based on chi-square, the survival rate of different groups was significantly different (χ=41.119, P〈0.05) and the lowest rate occurred in experiment 2 group. No significant differences observed in gender ratios whithin all control groups in this study based on chi-square test. According to the findings aquired under the condition of brackish water at the present study, it would be potentially recommended to use MT and letrozole for the production of all male polpulations of Nile tilapia fish in order to provide fish farmers with no harmful environmental impacts on water sources in rivers and seas which occured due to the uncontroled breeding of tilapia. However, more research is needed to draw firm conclusions to use hormones and in especial anti-aromase letrozole because of the shortage of sufficient data in current references.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The phytoplankton, zooplankton, Macrobenthos and ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi with Physico-chemical parameters and pollutants of water were investigated in the Caspian Sea during 2007-2008. The sample station located between 48°to° 54° longitude and 36° to 39° latitude. The samples were gathered in four seasons and eight transects (half-line perpendicular to the coast) in Astara, Anzali, Sefidrud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Turkmen. Sampling was done of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100M depth of different layers. Nonparametric test and multivariate analysis (PCA) were used for statistical methods. Physico-chemical factors: The results showed that the changes of physico-chemical factors, includes: water temperature, salinity, organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen (ammonium) are most important than other factors. The lowest sea surface water temperature was recorded in winter (7.2 oC) and highest in summer (29.8 oC) (p〈0.05). However, there was not significant difference at 50 and 100m depths in different seasons (p〉0.05). The lowest salinity was recorded in winter (10.42±0.14ppt) (p〈0.05) and the rest of the seasons, there was not significant difference (p〉0.05). The most inorganic nitrogen was determined (ammonium ion: 40.8±2 µg.l-1) in winter and the highest organic nitrogen (660.6±92 µg.l-1) in summer (p〈0.05). The concentration of inorganic nitrogen was evident from the surface layer to a depth of 100 meters (p〈0.05), but this trend was not observed in inorganic nitrogen (p〉0.05).The maximum concentrations of total nitrogen were measured at the near-shore stations (640.6±28 µg.l-1). The annual average water transparency was 4.91±0.24 m and increased in away from the beach (p〈0.05). Phytoplankton: in total, 191 species of phytoplankton were identified. The phylum of phytoplankton include: Bacillariophyta with 97 species (50.8%), Chlorophyta with 28 species (14.7%), Pyrrophyta with 26 species (13.6%), Cyanophyta with 25 species (13.1%) and Euglenophyta with 15 species (7.9%). Bacillariophyta and Euglenaphyta were had the most (51.49%) and the lowest (0.39%) abundance respectively. Nevertheless, Pyrrophyta and Chlorophyta were having the most (53.14%) and the lowest (0.54%) biomass respectively. Mean abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the photic and the aphotic layers were a significant difference (p〈0.05). The average abundance and biomass decreased with increasing depth (p〈0.05). The most abundant and biomass phytoplankton was determined in the photic layer. Abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the different seasons have been significant differences (p〈0.05).The most abundance of phytoplankton was in winter, fall, summer and spring respectively (p〈0.05) and the most biomass of phytoplankton was in winter, fall, spring and summer respectively (p〈0.05). Zooplankton: Also, 14 species of zooplankton include: 2 species of Copepoda, 5 species of Rotatoria, 2 species of Protozoa, 3 species of Cladocera, 2 species of newborn and larvae of Balanus and larvae of Bivalvia from meroplankton group were identified. However, the dominant zooplankton population was divided into three groups of copepoda, Rotatoria and meroplankton. Mean abundance and biomass of zooplankton in different seasons and layers showed significant different (p〈0.05). The most abundance and biomass of them in winter and the photic layer was determined. The mean abundance of Rotifera, Cladocera and protozoa in different depth was having not significant differences (p〉0.05). However, there was significantly in other groups (p〈0.05). The most abundance of them was in photic layer. Ctenophore: Average abundance and biomass of Mnemiopsis leidyiwere recorded 63±7 ind.m-3 and 7.70±2.34 g.m-3, respectively. The maximum seasonal average of abundance was 150 ± 17 ind.m-3 while the maximum biomass was 26.59± 4.61 g.m-3 in summer (p〈0.05). The lowest seasonal average of M. leidyi abundance and biomass were in the winter (6±2 ind.m-3 and 0.07±0.02 g.m-3, respectively) (p〈0.05).The average annual abundance and biomass of ctenophore were not significant difference in the 8 transects (p〉0.05). The maximum of ctenophore abundance and biomass were belonged to the depth of low than 20m (p〈0.05). The maximum of ctenophore abundance and biomass were recorded in the 5m depth of Anzali with 639 ind.m-3 and 158 g.m-3, respectively. Results of biological and non-biological factors showed that significant changes between euphotic and aphotic layers (p〈0.05).There were the most seasonal changes in the euphotic layer. The results showed that the presence of ctenophore is highly related to the presence of the zooplankton and phytoplankton and some non-biological factors. The water temperature is a limiting factor in the ctenophore Fluctuation at the winter, because of food presence (phytoplankton, zooplankton and Nutrients), M. leidyi have had the lowest abundance. Macrobenthos: Three phyla of macrobenthos (arthropoda, annelida and mollusca) include: 5 classes (crustacea, insecta, polycheata, oligocheata and bivalvia), 8 orders, 11 families, 26 genera and 24 species were identified. The most abundance and biomass of orders in the different seasons were belonged to polycheata (annual average: 2452±258 g.m-2) and bivalvia (annual average: 25±6 g.m-2), respectively. Macrobenthic abundance in all orders except insecta and oligocheata in different seasons was significant difference. The amount of seabed total organic mater (TOM) from the 5m to 100m stations was with an increasing trend and the highest percentage had in the 50m and 100m stations (P〈0.05). The percentage of seabed TOM was not significant difference in the different transect (P〈0.05). However, seabed grain size had significant difference (P〈0.05) and seabed grain size from the 5m to 100m stations was with a decrease trend in the size (P〈0.05). Macrobenthos and physicochemical parameters of correlation matrix showed that macrobenthos abundance in the between parameters have a positive correlation with TOM. However, it biomass with pH (positive), inorganic phosphorus (positive) and organic phosphorus (negative) have a correlation. Heavy metals: The levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) of water had lower than standard and acceptable for aquatic life. Significant accumulation of metals such as Co, Cu and Cr in the sediment was observed at transect Sefidrud and Anzali and Ni at transects Sefidrud and Astara in comparison with six other transects (P〈0.05). Petroleum compounds (16PAHs): Concentration levels changes of petroleum compounds in seawater in different seasons was significant (P〈0.05) and in seasons of spring, summer, fall and winter was 56.5, 9.3, 14.9 and 19.3 of percent respectively. However, the concentration values in sediments of the sea in different seasons and transects were not significant difference. Maximum concentrations in summer and in Astara transects (8.02 mg.kg-1) were determined. In correlation matrix, observed positive correlation between petroleum compounds and Cr, Ni and Pb in sediments of seabed and between petroleum compounds and Zn in seawater. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs): The OCPs concentration of seawater in different seasons had significant difference (p〈0.05). The pesticides groups of DDT, BHC, Drin and Endosulfan in seawater in different seasons had significant difference (p〈0.05), but, it was not found in Heptachlor group (p〉0.05). The maximum concentration values of OCPs in all groups in seawater were determined in winter (99%) (p〈0.05). The seawater OCPs concentration in comparison of regional and stations were not had significant differences (p〉0.05). The only DDT group in the seabed sediment had significant difference in different seasons (P〈0.05) and the maximum of seasonal average, it was determined in summer (Average: 0.88±062 mg.Kg-1 and Max: 4.5 mg.Kg1). However, in comparison of regional were not had significant differences (p〉0.05). In correlation matrix, the groups of Endosolfan and Drins in seawater and sediment were had equal variance and the changes were included. There was high correlation of between Endosulfan and Drin with DDT group in seawater and with Heptachlor group in the sediment of seabed. Surfactant: Mean surfactant concentration (LAS) between different seasons had significant difference (P〈0.05). The maximum concentrations of LAS were in spring and summer (Anzali transect) was 0.084 mg.l-1 and 0.082 mg.l-1, respectively. Also, average concentrations in the spring: 0.06±0.003 mg.l-1, summer: 0.059±0.004 mg.l-1, winter: 0.042±0.003 mg.l-1 and fall: 0.031 ± 0.013 mg.l-1 was determined. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the study area and station (p〉0.05). Based on existing standards, Surfactant concentration in the southern Caspian Sea region was not critical.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This project was conducted to determine The Bio technique of Reproduction and larvae Rearing of Rabbitfish ( siganus sutor ) till fingerling stage ( 2.5 centimeter TL) in Hormozgan province ( North of Persian Gulf ) during years 2010-2013 . preadults and adults were captured from coastal area of Bandar-e Lengeh and Lavan Island .The effects of synthetic hormones , LHRHa2 and HCG in variety days of reproduction season were surveyed . Fecundity, eggs diameter, fertility, Hatching, and survival rate were computed . Effects of salinity , light severity and tank size ( 30 L aquarium 300L poly ethylene tank and 2400 L fiber glass tank ) on survival rate were surveyed, although Breeding of fish e\were successful in years 2011 and 2012 but larvae were only reared in year 2012. Results revealed that , if hormone injection efforts fulfill during April 1st to may15th , Siganus sutor will surely spawn . Results revealed that average diameter of fertilized eggs was about 625.05 ±6.15 µ and there were 5570± 105 eggs in each gram According the results the rate of hatching and larvae survival was higher in 300L poly ethylene tank and 2400 L fiber glass tank than 30 L aquarium . The most mortality was observed during days 3-7 after hatch. There was not any difference between survival rate of larvae in various salinity .The best light situation for larvae was 2000 lux . under strong light , mortality of larvae increased. Growth of larvae was very slow in first 15 days after hatch but after that increased quickly .length of larvae in the first day was about 2.97±0.07 mm. on the day 45 , larvae gained the length of 3.56 ± 0.4 cm . According to the results , although, breeding , seed production , larvae rearing and broodstock suppling of siganus sutor is possible but more Research to diversify the live food wich is used to feed larvae and also to increase survival rate of larvae must be performe .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: High mortality frequently occurs in larval mass production of Persian sturgeon fish, Acipenser persicus. Nutritional deficiencies in live food, Artemia urmiana nauplii, fed to larvae could be a reason. A series of experiments was carried out to evaluate the effects of nutritional enrichment of Artemia by oils in different concentrations with or without different levels of vitamin C during two enrichment periods (12 and 24h) on survival, growth rate and salinity tolerance in Persian sturgeon larvae reared in tanks after 20 days. Four types of oils (ICES30/4, sturgeon ovary, cod liver, and linseed oils) were evaluated. HUFA oil source with or without vitamin C did not affect the growth rate of Persian sturgeon larvae. Nevertheless, survival rates and chemical compositions were significantly improved (P〈0.05) only in fish larvae fed Artemia enriched HUFA oil supplemented with vitamin C. ICES30/4 was the best oil source for improving the chemical composition including fatty acids in Persian sturgeon larvae only when it was supplemented with vitamin C. Lower levels of vitamin C (less than 30%) and longer enrichment period (24h) were more effective (P〈0.05) in improving on chemical composition of sturgeon fish larvae. When the sturgeon larvae were exposed to salinity test, those fed with HUFA enriched Artemia showed tolerance only up to 6 ppt while those fed HUFA+vitamin C enriched Artemia demonstrated high tolerance (≥ 90% survival) up to 12 ppt for 120h. Although the enrichment of Artemia urmiana with 300 ppm ICES30/4 and 30% vitamin C gave the best salinity tolerance at 12ppt (100% survival), the enrichment with 300 ppm sturgeon ovary oil and 10% vitamin C was economically affective in increasing the salinity tolerance of Persian sturgeon larvae (98 % survival).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This project was conducted to goal of optimum dosage determination of ovaprim injection to artificial spawning efficiency of Esox lucius. The research implemented by 4 treatments with 3 replicates for each ones. 3 female and 6 male brooders injected in each replicate. The animals in 1, 2 and 3 treatments injected by 10, 20 and 30 µg/kg BW, respectively, and 4th treatment as a control injected with 4 mg/kg BW pituitary gland extract. Average weight of brooders were 1361±521, 1376±954, 1009±160 and 1100 ±422 g in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in females and 689±145, 734±197, 547±118 and 794±238 g in males, respectively. In addition, positive response percent to hormone injection were measured 77.8 ±19.24 , 88.9 ± 19.24 , 55.5 ±50.91 and 55.5 ± 19.24 % in 1, 2, 3 and 4 treatments in female and 94.4 ± 9.58, 88.9 ±19.26 , 83.3±28.86 and 88.9 ± 19.26 % in male brooders, respectively, but there was no significant different between all of treatments (p〈0.05). Incubation period from fertilization till hatching step in 7 to 15 ˚C was 5 to 10 days with average of 7±1.5 days. Fertilization content was in 1 to 4 treatments measured 87.1±10, 88.04±7.7, 83.9±5.2 and 72.4±19.7 %, respectively and also the treatments didn’t show any different significantly together (p〈0.05). Average percentage of eyed eggs 66.6±15.9 in treat 1, 61.2±22.3 in treat 2, 58.3±10.7 in treat 3 and 56.1±15.04 in treat 4, without any significant different between of them (p〈0.05). Hatching of eggs mean were measured 27.41±19.8 in treat 1, 39.53±26.9 in treat 2, 95.18±5.6 in treat 3 and 26.78±12.4 in treat 4, and significant different observed between of them too (p〈0.05).In the other hand, mean percent of larvae with active feeding in these treatments were measured 18.77±14.6, 20.1±8.51, 55.6±11.6 and 14.51±7.72 as the treatments had significant different (p〈0.05). Also, the best temperature and dosage injection of ovaprim hormone was 9 to 12.5 ˚C and 20µg/kg BW, respectively.The end of trial, from 103740 larvae introduced to earthen pond obtained 8000 fingerlings with weight of 2.68±0.6 g and length of 6.96±0.51 cm.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Low hatching artemia cysts which has no use in the aquaculture can be decapsulated and directly use in larvae culture. In order to increase the knowledge of consumers to know the quality changes of low hatching decapsulated cysts during storage after production (especially fatty acids ) this research was carried out. In this work Low hatching cysts of artemia urmiana had decapsulated with sodium hypochlorite and other chemicals. We used drying room and f.b.d system for drying of this decapsulated cysts and package units had used for packing this product to cans. We had three experimental treatments of dry decapsulated cysts (3 type packing including vaccumed cans and free (plastic dishes). These treatment were evaluated at different times (comparing of before produce, after produce , 3, 6 and 12 months keeping after production ) such as fatty acids , fatty percent , protein percent , bacterial and fungal contamination and presence of aflatoxin the result of fatty acids using one way anova analysis showed that the variation of half of fatty acids specially DHA and EPA were significant ( p 〈 0.05 ) . Fatty percentage increased and protein was decreased about 12-15% during the one year storage we separated two species of bacteria and two species of fungi but they had no pathogenic bacterial and fungal. During 6 months storage the quality of products have less variation compared whit 12 months.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Complementary feedstuff extract from Laminaria digitata and Ascophylum nodosum that containing 1% alginic acids as shrimps stimulating of immune system for control of WSSV is used in this study. The test shrimps Litopenaeus vannamei in larvae stage (Z1-PL1), post larvae stage (PL1-PL10) and juvenile (from 30th day to 40th day) fed by complimentary feedstuff comprised control group. The other condition in test and control group was the same manner. Both groups after 40 days exposed to WSSV by oral inoculation. The clinical sign and mortality recorded for 10 days. The results showed the survival rate of exposed group was higher than the control group and it was significant (p〈0/05). The result also show the mortality observed in exposed group 48 hours later than the control group. This study can led us to new methods for control of White spot disease.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The present study was firstly conducted to study the rate of sexual maturity in Nereis diversicolor under suitable conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The second objective was to determine the potential of artificial breeding in these worms for mass culture. Nereis diversicolor worms were collected from the Anzali lagoon in 4000 sampling operations during the years 2004 to 2006 using Ekman grab with a surface area of 400 cm2. The water salinity, temperature and total organic matter (TOM) of sediments in the sampling region was recorded. The worms were maintained in 0.5 tons (1 x 1 m2) tanks containing clayey-muddy sediment to a height of 20 cm covered with 10 cm water (5 ‰) until they reached a weight of 200-300 mg. Sexual maturity in this species was attained at 4-6 ºC and spawning occurred at approximately 16 ºC. The first gametes were observed five weeks after the temperature increased from 6 to 16 ºC. Sexual maturity was studied at various salinities (0.5, 5, 12, and 15 ‰). Results indicate that these worms attained earlier sexual maturity at salinity of 15 ‰, compared to other salinities studied. No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between sexual maturity attained at 12 ‰ and 15 ‰. Stocking density (20, 50, 100, 150 worms) was studied in terms of sex and showed that number of females were higher than males and the ratio was 11:1 (female:male). No significant differences (P〉0.05) were observed between the various stocking densities and their replicates. The effect of light and photoperiod in synchronizing reproduction in male and female N. diversicolor was studied. It was evident that reproduction behavior in adult worms increased for a period of one week at the end of each month after they are exposed to a prolonged photoperiod (L:D=16:8) followed by a period of dim light (simulated using 1 W lamps). Feeding trials were carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, formulated fish diets and humus. Results showed that this diet was effective in speeding up sexual maturity in worms and significant effect of treatment was observed (P〈0.05) in worms fed a diet of humus alone. Eggs and sperms were fertilized and worms developed from the young monotrochophore with jelly layer to the trochophore larvae.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Regarding to effectivness of Artemia in survival and growth of various aquatic animals larval stages, ....

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of different doses of oral diethylstilbestrol (DES) on feminization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae under the condition of brackish water in Bafgh fisheries research center. This Experiment was comprised of two control groups in two replicates and two experimental ones in three replicates. At the beginning of the trial, a number of 2150 larvae were randomly distributed among 10 replicates that were under treatment for 45 days. The diets in two control groups, i.e. non-treated, C1, and ethanol treated feed, C2, and the ones in two experimental groups, i.e. 200 and 400 mg DES/k of feed, E1 and E2, were administrated to 7 day post fertilization (dpf) larvae for a period of 35 days and then until day 45, the larvae were fed with ordinary feed. At the end of the trial, the gender ratio of larvae in different groups was determined by squash test in 50 randomly selected individuals from each replicate. The results showed no significant differences for gender ratios within control groups (respective male to female ratio in C1 and C2 was 47:53 and 57:43). However, the corresponding ratios within experimental ones, fed with 200 and 400 mg DES/k of feed respectively, was significantly different (P〈0.05). Noteworthy that the percent of females between two experimental groups (E1 and E2) was not significantly different (70.0 and 64.7 respectively) but it was significantly different with ratios in experimental groups (P〈0.05). The total body length and live body weight were determined at the begging and then at day 30 and 45, it was randomly measured in 20 larvae from each replicate. At the beginning of the experiment, the mean body weight and total length of larvae was 0.012 gram and 1.03 centimeter respectively. The respective averages at day 30 and 45 were significantly different among groups (P〈0.05). Survival rate was significantly different among groups (P〈0.05), being highest in E1 and E2 respectively whereas lowest in control ones (56.51 and 58.84 in C1 and C2 respectively).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to investigate of aeration apparatus role on survival rate of Acipenser persicus fingerlings on the rearing period, 6 earthen ponds with 2 hectares surface and 2.5 water depth were selected. This research continued by 2treatments of aerated and unaerated ponds with 3 replicates of density 80000, 120000 &160000 induvial of larvae / hectares. Physicochemical factors such as T, Transparency, D.O, Nitrate, PO4, Alkanity, and pH were recorded weekly. Live food biomass and growth rate of fingerlings were estimated weekly, too. Obtained data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA and Duncan test (P 〉 0.05). According to results the survival rates of fingerlings in experimental treatments were significantly different. Physicochemical factors of water quality had no differences except the value of DO, during third weeks of rearing period.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Two crop culture of western white shrimp with 2 treatments and 2 replicates in each treatments in earthen ponds with area 0.4 hectares at a density of 20 pl 18 in each square meter were done. For the culture of shrimp in the second stage, the post larvae cultured in nursery pond with area of 0.25 hectare, and density of 96 post larvae in each square meter, and then transfer to the rearing ponds. In each pond, 2 aerators with potency of 3 horsepower fixed. Every day horsepower clarified at 21p.m. to 23 p.m and out at 6 a.m to 7 a.m. The first stage of culture begun in 19 April with pl 18. The yield pick-up after 96 days. The stocking of pl in the nursery ponds was done in 25 July with pl16 and after 38 days hunted and transferred to second stage culture. The second culture was done in 1 September and pick-up after 65 days. For feeding of shrimps we used commercial food numbers 4001 until 4006. In the first mount the feeding of shrimps were done as blind feed and then with the shrimps biomass and with research of feeding trays. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH daily in 2 times at the morning (6 a.m) and evening (at 15 p.m) and the salinity, transparency and water depth 1 time daily measured. In the first culture period (96 days), the mean weight, length, daily weight gain, FCR, survival percent shrimp production were 14.03 gr, 12.08 cm, 0.15 gr, 1.02 gr, 92 percent and 2132 kilograms and in the second culture period (65 days) 14.55 gr, 12.48 cm, 0.22 gr, 0.84, 73 percent and 2675 kilogarms measuered respectively. Totally, in the second period culture the initial weight of shrimps was higher than the first period culture 1.95 gr and 0.008 gr respectively, therefore growth indexes in the second period were better than the first culture period. Coefficient of determination of weight and lenth of shrimps with increase of cultue days, in the first and second culture periods, in the total cases the number were higher than 0.97. This shown that the role of increase of days on the increase of weight and lenth is higher than 97 percent. Also, determination of product moment, showed that there is very strong correlation between increase of days and increase of weight and lenth and between weight and lenth (0.97 to 0.99).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The present research aimed to study effect of Nereis worm in feeding, growth, survival and carcass biochimical compositions of persian sturgeon larvae. Five diets including zooplankton (100%) as the control (Z), Nereis diversicolor worm (100%), a mix of Nereis and zooplankton (50% for each), a mix of Nereis, zooplankton and concentrate food (33% for each) with 3 replicates were established. At first, Nereis worms were cultured up to the weight of 200 mg according to the protocol done in the International Sturgeon Research Institute. Required zooplanktons were obtained for Dr. Beheshti Sturgeon Rearing and propagation center. Concentrate food was also made in the ISRI. Persian sturgeon larvae with the average weight of 95.66 mg were put in 60-Liter tank (60 larvae in each tank) under the same physical and chemical parameters of water. 8 days after the beginning of active feeding, they were fed five times a day with experimental dites based on 20-30% of their weight for 15 days. Water quality parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH values were recorded daily. The average of temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen during the test were 22.8±1.3ºc, 7.5±0.1 and 6.58±0.9 mg/l respectively. At the end of this period, condition factor (k), specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion rate (FCR), weight gain (WG) and Body weight index (BWI) were calculated. Total fat and fatty acids profile were analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant difference between growth indexes and food consumption (p〈0.05). BWI, GR and SGR indices showed no significant difference between N and NZ treatment, but the average of these indices were higher in NZ treatment. The most and the least average of SGR, BWI were observed in NZ and NZC treatments respectively. Condition factor showed no significant difference in all diets except NZ. FCR had no significant difference between N and NZ as well as after diets. The highest and the lowest survival rate was observed in N treatment (96.11±1.46%) and NZC (85.55±3.37%) respectively. The results of carcass analysis showed that there is a strong correlation between fatty acids of body and fat resources of diets. According to the significant difference in growth rate between treatments (p〈0.05), the larvae fed with N diet presented a better performance compared with others. These results indicate that cultured sturgeon larvae need n-3 and n-6 series of fatty acids in their diet.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different levels of Garlic (Allium sativum) methanol extract on the growth performances (final weight (FW), daily growth ratio (DGR), feed conversion rate (FCR), voluntary feed intake (VFI) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) and some of hematological parameters (hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 360 of larvae (with an average weight of 0.75±0.03g) in 4 treatments: control group without using Echinacea extract, another group (treatment 2, 3 and 4) the amounts of this extract were 50,100 and 200 g/kg food. The highest FW (4.22±0.11g), DGI (1.72±0.50%) and the lowest FCR (0.95±0.05) and VFI (1.77±0.05%), were observed in treatment 4. But treatment 4 in all of these growth parameters did not show a significant difference compared with treatment 3 (P〉 0.05). After 60 days, treatments 3 and 4, showed significantly higher RBC, WBC, Hb and Hct than those fed the control diet. Finally, the present results suggest that diet containing 100 and 200 g kg-1 extract could improve growth and hematological parameter of M. cephalus.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, feed utilization and reproductive performance and biochemical composition of Acanthopagrus latus broodstock. Nine diets representing a combination of three protein levels (40, 50 and 60%) and three lipid levels (15, 20 and 25%) were tested with three replicates in 1140 L cylindrical tanks. Each replicate was stocked with 10 fish with a sex ratio of 1:1 and the average weights were 415g and 236g for females and males respectively. Fish were fed to satiation, twice daily. The growth of females was not significantly affected (P 〉0.05) protein and lipid levels but growth of males was significantly affected (P〈0.05) by dietary protein and lipid levels. Except of protein and lipid efficiency ratios, feed utilization performances of A. latus broodstock was significantly influenced by dietary protein and lipid levels. Reproductive performances of A. latus broodstock was significantly affected by dietary protein and lipid levels, except of buoyant eggs and fertilization rate percentages. Egg dimension, hatchling and 3 day-old larvae were significantly (P〈0.05) affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. Body crude protein and lipid concentration were significantly (P〈0.05) affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. Protein and lipid concentration of newly hatch and 3 daypost hatching larvae varied significantly (P〈0.05), whereas only the crude lipid content of the egg varied significantly (P〈0.05) with the change of dietary protein and lipid levels. The ratio essential amino acid to non-essential amino acid of carcass, egg, newly hatched and 3 days post hatching larvae were significantly influenced by dietary protein and lipid levels. Fatty acid profile of carcass, liver, egg, hatchling and 3 days post hatching larvae was generally affected by dietary protein and lipid levels. The present study revealed that the best biological and reproductive performance of Acanthopagrus latus broodstock could be achieved at 60% dietary protein and 20% dietary lipid concentration.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In a two year study which carried out on Iranian coastal waters in north-west Persian gulf, ichthyoplankton sampling was performed in order in investigate and identify their stages......

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was conducted from January (2005) to December (2005) in the coastal waters of Khuzestan (Western and Eastern coasts of Khore-Musa canal) in Northern part of the Persian Gulf. Sampling was carried out by Bongo net with 300 micron mesh size and oblique towing from near bottom to surface. Among different Decapod specimens, of which the main component were Sergestidae and Caridian larvae such Alpheidae and Callinassidae, different stages of Penaeid larvae were separated and identified. Total abundance of 2703 Penaeid larvae was recorded, 1329 larvae in West and 1374 larvae in East coasts. The mean abundance in Western and Eastern coasts were 133/10m2 and 137.5/10m2, respectively. Penaeid larvae were identified and the numerical abundance of each larval stage was recorded. Parapenaeopsis stylifera was found to be the most abundant species in the area with 1619 individuals per square meter, of which 216 were PL, 292 Mysis V and 1111 were mysis I-III .The next species in abundance was Metapenaeus affinis (889/m2), with 330 PL, 240mysis V and 248 mysis I-III. The genera Penaeus with 155 and Metapenaeopsis with 40 PL and mysis were poorly represented in the samples. Penaeid larvae were observed in all months except in January and the highest diversity and density were recorded during May to November.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this study, nine years old farmed broodstocks of striped grey mullet have been induced artificially by hormones. Eight experiments of artificial propagation carried out during three months (from October to February) in 2003. The hormones used for males were HCG and 17-α- Methyltestosterone and to induce females the hormones such as LHRH-α2, HCG and CPH were used. During these experiments, 27 females injected which 22 of them spawned along with larval production. Water temperature and salinity were 20-23°c and 32 ppt during artificial propagation respectively. For larval culture, two different experiments carried out which final larval density in tanks, water temperature and salinity were 20 in/liter, 22-24°c and 32-33 ppt respectively. Larvae fed with live foods such as Nannochloropsis oculata , Brachionus plicatilis, Artemia nauplii with density of 500000 cell/ml, 20 ind/ml and 3-200 ind/liter respectively. Water exchange in larval culture tanks during first week was 10 percent of tank volume, and this amount in the second and next weeks were higher which have been 2030 and 40-50 percent of tank volume respectively. At the first experiment of larval culture, the tanks with maximum depth of 80 cm used that whole larvae died after 12 days post hatching; whereas at the next trial, three numbers of 4000 liters fiberglass black colure tanks with maximum depth of 120 cm used which tend to the survival rate of 0.9 percent after 55 days post hatching.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The biochemical composition of three groups of seaweeds; green (Ulva lactuca and Enthromorpha intestinalis), brown (Sargassum illicifolium and Colpomenia sinuosa) and red (Hypnea valentiea and Gracilaria corticata) from the Persian Gulf and the effects of seaweed extracts (SWE) either as a supplement or as an alternative media to the f/2 medium on the growth and composition of two microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri cultured as live food for Penaeus indicus larvae were investigated. Results showed that seaweeds were relatively high in carbohydrate and ash, but low in lipid. Lipid content in green seaweed was significantly higher than both the red and brown seaweed (P〈0.05). Protein content of both red and green seaweed was notably higher than brown seaweed (P〈0.05). The red and green seaweed had the highest proportion of saturated fatty acids, while the brown and red seaweed had the highest proportion of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. The mineral compositions in seaweeds were found in the sequence of K〉Mg〉Fe〉Zn〉Mn〉Cu〉Co. The study clearly showed that the two microalgae I. galbana and C. muelleri could be successfully cultured using the various SWE either as a supplement or as an alternative to the f/2 medium. Since no major changes were found in most of the measured growth parameters, proximate composition, important polyunsaturated fatty acids and mineral content following culture of the microalgae with SWE as an alternative media, it was concluded that the SWE evaluated in the present study are able to provide the necessary nutrients for microalgae growth and could be used as a low cost nutritive media in establishing microalgal populations for use in aquaculture operations. The present study found that when shrimp larvae were fed on microalgae (exclusively or mixed) that had been cultured with SWE as a supplement media, they molted faster to mysis 2 (MII) stage compared to larvae fed on microalgae cultured with conventional f/2 media (Control). Maximum final total length, survival rate and specific growth rate were recorded for shrimp larvae fed on microalgae diets that included SWE as a supplement in the culture media compared to shrimp larvae fed the control diet. The overall growth performance clearly showed that P. indicus larvae were successfully reared using microalgae diets tested, and the shrimp larvae fed on mixed microalgae (I. galbana + C. muelleri) showed better larval growth, survival and development than those that were fed on single microalgal diet. Furthermore, similar larval growth, survival and development were obtained when shrimp larvae were fed with microalgae cultured with SWE as a substitute media to f/2 medium. In conclusion, microalgae cultured with SWE could potentially be used as a low-cost alternative method in producing live food for the hatchery production of shrimp larvae.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to achieve biotechnic normative of Sobaity Sparidentex hasta propagation and its fries rearing, 96 brood stocks were caught by using hook from Bandar Imam and Mahshahr creeks. For natural spawning, at first stage some selected broodstocks (sex ratio 2:1 & 1:1 male to female) were directly introduced to spawning tanks. In this method eggs were absorbed and spawning was not occured. For artificial spawning (natural spawning with hormone injection): At second stage for males, in one step, 40 g kg-1 and 200 Iu kg-1 body weight and for females, in two steps, 75 g kg-1 and 500 Iu kg-1 LRHa & HCG hormones were injected. After introducing broodstocks to 40- tone oval tanks, spawning occurred only in female and also some ingected broodstocks were spawned artificially and all obtained larvae died after four days. At third stage 6 g kg-1 and 1000 Iu kg-1 body weight of PG and HCG hormones were injected to broodstock respectively. HCG hormone injected in two steps (1/2 dose each stop in 24 hours duration). Metoclopramide was used at the first step and PG hormone injected with second step of HCG coincidentally. In this method spawning, fertilization and fry production occurred. The results indicated that sobaity, with hormone injection is able to spawn at 12-19 c (which is available in Khouzestan in March). The time of hatching was 42-50 hours, absorption of larvae Yolk sac 96-120 hours. The size of one- day- larvae was 1.4- 1.7mm and 65-day- fry was 24mm.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Identification & determination of abundance Ichthyoplankton in Gouatr ( Creek & Estuary ) in Chahdahar region was carried out from Octber 2005 to September 2006. Sampling period was seasonal and 6 stations were selected. Sampling stations no. 1, 2 ,4 were located in the sea waters of Creek , no.5 & 6 in Gouatr Estuary and no.3 was near to Bahokalat Estuary. The results of environmental factors measurement were as follaws: Main depth of area: 4m, Salinity: 37.08 (g/l), pH: 8.19, air temperature: 29.8? and water temperature: 27.3?, Clarity: 0.75m Sampling was conducted using single ring Bongo-net with 333µ of mesh size. Totally, 585 specimens of diverse fish larvae stages were collected in 20 sampling. The dominant families of fish larvae were Gobiidae, Clupeidae and Engraulidae with 86% of total abundance and 11 families of fish larvae were identified. Most of the fish larvae were observed in winter season and some of them such as Clupeidae, Gobiidae, Blennidae Engraulididae and Sillaginidae were found in most season. The stage of the most samples was Preflexion ( 87%) therefore , the area is a nursery ground. Commercial fish larvae were carangidea, Sparidae, Clupeidae, Sillaginidae, Hemiramphidae, Engraulidae and Nemeptridae but they were only 37% from total abundance. The main diversity was 0. 6236. There is no correlation between abundance, temperature and salinity. The results showed a significant different between abundance from pre monsoon and post monsoon but no significant different between diversity in pre monsoon and post monsoon.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Shrimp diseases, especially viral diseases are the major limiting factors of shrimp farming activities in the world. White spot disease is one of the most pernicious viral disease that lead to serious loss in all shrimps of penaeids family. In Iran during 2002 to 2004 in Khuzestan province and in 2005 in Bushehr province, the most ponds and farms infected with white spot and the entire industry faced threat of closure. Surface proteins of virus has important role in the early stages of virus with host cell interaction, because these proteins usually enumerated as a candidate to produce a subunit and recombinant vaccines. On the other hand, these proteins can use as an important virus antigen and produce virus-specific antibodies in the preparation of diagnostic kits. In several studies proteins in the form of injection or oral vaccine has shown promising results. This study was designed in order to gain these proteins for immunization of white leg shrimp. To achieve the white spot virus genome, sampling and DNA extraction of moribund shrimps with clinical signs was done from Choebdeh farms. VP28 and VP19 protein-coding gene-specific primers were selected, and after amplification and purification were cloned in E.coli TG1. Protein expression evaluated and commercial plates were coated with inactivated bacteria containing the recombinant protein. White leg shrimp post larvae (PL30) were fed with recombinant food for 7 days then two times in 9th and 23th day after beginning of plate feeding and was challenged by white spot disease virus. The results of the first exposure (end of the seventh day after the shrimp fed with recombinant plate) showed that the lowest mortality at day 14 after exposure in different groups belong to VP28 group with cumulative mortality percent %30 ± 3.84 and the highest percentage of the Group TG1 equal to %72.22±2.93, also The highest and lowest relative percent survival, belong to the group of VP28 (60.29± 5.09%) and TG1 (4.41 ± 2.94%), respectively. In terms of mortality percent and relative percent survival, VP28 and VP 28+19 has significant difference with other groups while there was no significant difference between the groups VP19, TG1 and pMal. In the second exposure experiment (21 days after end of plate feeding) results showed that the lowest cumulative mortality in different groups belong to VP28 (%50 ± 5.09) and the highest percentage was owned by Group TG1 equal to %75.55±2.22, also the highest and the lowest of relative percent survival belong to VP28 (%32.86± 6.83) and TG1 (%0.00 ± 2.98) groups respectively. Similar to the first experiment, VP28 showed significant differences in cumulative mortality and relative percentage of survival in contrast to other group. As a general conclusion it can be noted that recombinant protein VP28 in any form that delivered to shrimp was able to protect shrimp against white spot virus. On the contrary VP19 has no this ability. The survival rate is directly related to the duration of the presence of recombinant protein in the diet.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The objective of the present study was to determine the possible production of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and Beluga (Huso huso) gynogen / triploids and also to determine the most appropriate type of thermal shock and the duration of induced shock after fertilization. Persian sturgeon and Beluga spawners were collected from Guilan's sturgeon catch stations and transported to the Shahid Beheshti sturgeon hatchery for artificial breeding and restocking programs. Ovulated eggs and sperms were collected based on common procedures in hatcheries. In order to separate the seminal fluids and dilute the milts, sperms were centrifuged at 6000rpm for 20 min. and seminal fluids stored in refrigerator for further use. Sperm motility was investigated. In order to determine the best duration for radiation, the milt was diluted (1:9) with immobilizing solution. Samples of diluted milt were placed for UV irradiation (UV lamp model UVG-54, 254 nm, made by UVP America) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.45, 2, . to 5 min. The motility of radiated sperms and controls were examined under the light microscope and the motility curve was drawn. For application of thermal shock two types of heat shock (32, 34 and 37°C) and cold shock (0±1°C) were used for duration of 2.5 and 60 min respectively. Both thermal shock were applied at 12, 15, 18 min after fertilization. Four experimental groups were designed including; normal eggs as control group and sperms without UV thermal shock), gynogenesis (Sperm irradiated with UV and thermal shock were applied), triploid (thermal shock without radiation by UV on sperm) and haploid group (without thermal shock but using irradiated sperm for fertilization). Verification of the success of treatments was assessed using genetic analysis on sturgeon larvae and fingerlings. In triploids the total surface area, volume of cells and nucleus as well as chromosome number were determined. To identify a gynogenetic larva, microsatellite markers were used to analysis specific loci by using primers designed for lake sturgeon. The results were analyzed using SPSS, Excell software. To determine the significant levels between various parameters and comparison between controls and various treatments, one way of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used. Whenever the significant level was observed to determine its level a Duncan test were examined. Results of present study showed that the best duration for UV radiation on sperms of Beluga was 105-110 seconds. Average fertilization rate for control Beluga was 51%, while in heat shock group it was 2-5 % and in cold shock it was 44.6%. There was a significant difference in fertilization rate in cold shock group compared to heat shock group ( P 0.05), however no difference was observed between 32 and 34°C treatments. The average survival rate of larvae in control group was 51%, while in heat shock treatment (32 and 34° C) it was very low close to zero. However in cold shock treatment the results was better and hatching percentage of larvae was between 30 -35%. Triploid treatment showed better results than gynogenesis group. A minimum triploid larvae obtained from heat shock was zero but using cold shock, the maximum number of 170 specimen was harvested. There was no significant difference in the number of larvae obtained between 32 and 34° C treatments (P 0.05). Although some difference was observed on large and small axes, surface areas and volume of red blood cells but no significant differences were observed between control and triploid groups (P 0.05). In the meantime, the chromosome number in triploid beluga was (3N= 177 ±3) as compared to diploid 2N= 118 ±3, which indicated an extra set of chromosome (n=60) in triploid fish. Totally 26.6% of investigated fish was triploids. Microsatellite molecular markers clearly differentiate gynogenetic fish on the bases of allele inheritance of male and female parents, and were proven that this technique can clearly identify allelic inheritance of parents to offspring. In Persian sturgeon in compare to beluga a different results were observed. Heat shock (37°C) not present any positive results therefore has no application in induce gynogenesis on this species, also no significant difference was observed between 32 and 34 °C treatment. Cold shock showed better results, especially when duration of UV radiation was adjusted to 105 seconds. Molecular analysis using microsatellite marker positively proved the gynogenetic offspring by counting the allelic inheritance. However Persian sturgeon as a tetraploid species (2N=240) has its difficulty on scoring the banding patterns. We highly recommend disomic primers application for allelic inheritance on gynogene Persian sturgeon.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was conducted during April to June 2007 .Pomferet brooders were captured by gill net (5 m Height, 300 m length, 7 cm size) during tidal time with 20-40 minutes interval. Khor Mermis, Khor Patil and Khor Mavi were subjected for broodstock captures. Totally 237 brooders were captured (126 male and 111 female) and were kept in 300 L. tanks. Semi dried method were used for breeding with 0.6 % fertility solution. Hatching were placed during 16-18 hoers. Fish larvae were kept in 4 T. tanks and were fed by fresh rotifer .temperature and salinity was kept 31-28 degree centigrade and 45-47 ppt. respectively .results shows successful breeding of pomferet in 2007 .egg diameter was 1.1 mm and hatching were completed during 16-18 hours at 31-29 degree centigrade. After 31 days length of larvae was 40 mm. while for 7 and 15 days length of larvae was 4.5 and 8.4 mm respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published