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  • Chemistry  (34,661)
  • 2020-2022  (946)
  • 1980-1984  (33,715)
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  • 201
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    Observations sur la consolidation des sèdiments calcaires dans les régions tropicales; consolidation récente de spicules d'Alcyonaires (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20773 | 12051 | 2016-07-05 02:40:08 | 20773 | Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, Viet Nam
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: This paper deals with the consolidation process of calcareous sediments in the tropics
    Description: Reprinted as: Institut Océanographique de Nha Trang Vietnam, Contribution, nr 16(fasc. 1).
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Oceanography ; consolidation ; sediments ; calcium carbonate ; tropical regions
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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  • 202
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    La consolidation des sédiments calcaires dans le régions tropicales (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20774 | 12051 | 2016-07-05 02:41:41 | 20774 | Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, Viet Nam
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: This paper deals with the consolidation process of calcareous sediments in tropical regions.
    Description: Reprinted as: Institut Océanographique de Nha Trang Vietnam, Contribution, nr 16(fasc. 2).
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Oceanography ; consolidation ; sediments ; calcium carbonate ; tropical regions
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 203
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    Production and carbonate dynamics of Halimeda incrassata (Ellis)Lamouroux altered by Thalassia testudinum Banks and Soland ex König (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20862 | 9 | 2016-06-30 16:07:47 | 20862 | Central Caribbean Marine Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Ocean acidification poses a serious threat to a broad suite of calcifying organisms. Scleractinian corals and cal-careous algae that occupy shallow, tropical waters are vulnerable to global changes in ocean chemistry be-cause they already are subject to stressful and variable carbon dynamics at the local scale. For example, netheterotrophy increases carbon dioxide concentrations, and pH varies with diurnal fluctuations in photosyn-thesis and respiration. Few researchers, however, have investigated the possibility that carbon dioxide con-sumption during photosynthesis by non-calcifying photoautotrophs, such as seagrasses, can amelioratedeleterious effects of ocean acidification on sympatric calcareous algae. Naturally occurring variations inthe density of seagrasses and associated calcareous algae provide an ecologically relevant test of the hypoth-esis that dielfluctuations in water chemistry driven by cycles of photosynthesis and respiration withinseagrass beds create microenvironments that enhance macroalgal calcification. In Grape Tree Bay off LittleCayman Island BWI, we quantified net production and characterized calcification for thalli of the calcareousgreen algaHalimeda incrassatagrowing within beds ofThalassia testudinumwith varying shoot densities. Re-sults indicated that individualH.incrassatathalli were ~6% more calcified in dense seagrass beds. On an arealbasis, however, far more calcium carbonate was produced byH.incrassatain areas where seagrasses wereless dense due to higher rates of production. In addition, diel pH regimes in vegetated and unvegetatedareas within the lagoon were not significantly different, suggesting a high degree of water exchange andmixing throughout the lagoon. These results suggest that, especially in well-mixed lagoons, carbonate pro-duction by calcareous algae may be more related to biotic interactions between seagrasses and calcareousalgae than to seagrass-mediated changes in local water chemistry.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Ecology ; Environment ; Calcareous algae ; Calcification ; Ocean acidification ; Photosynthesis ; Respiration ; Seagrass
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 73-80
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  • 204
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    Some preliminary observations on the chemical composition of Cam-Ranh Bay sediments (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20872 | 12051 | 2016-07-05 14:53:13 | 20872 | Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, Viet Nam
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: This paper deals with the results of various observations focused on the chemical composition of sediments of Cam-Ranh Bay, 50km south from Nhatrang
    Keywords: Chemistry ; chemical composition ; sediment analysis ; sediment chemistry ; Cam-Ranh Bay ; Vietnam
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 32-35
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  • 205
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    A study of fish ice cream formulation by use of silver carp proteins instead of milk proteins (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Aquatic Animal Health
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20891 | 17408 | 2016-07-18 01:41:25 | 20891 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Fish is a valuable nutritional source witch use of it in daily meal has a beneficial role on nutritional needs supply and also causes mental and physical health especially in people who have protein and food deficiencies. Unfortunately, per capita consumption of sea foods in Iran is 5.5Kg witch is very lower than world standards. So, study on fish ice cream formulation, by use of fish protein concentrate (FPC) instead of milk protein, had done to make variation in sea foods products and also increase per capita consumption of these kinds of foods. FPC has very high protein concentration and a lot of necessary Also it's protein is very digestible amino acids like lysine and methionine with highly biological value and it's PER in compare with casein PER is high. At first fish protein concentrate type A produced from silver carp in three steps by the extraction with isopropyl alcohol solvent and heat. Microbiological and physicochemical specifications of produced FPC by rules of FDA and FAO were accepted. Finally according to panel test results, substitution of 30 percent of milk with FPC is acceptable. Also microbiological and physicochemical specifications of product were tested and results in compare with national standards of Iran were accepted.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: Abbasali, Motalebi; Counsellors: Giti, Karim
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 206
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    Processing of oil enriched fish (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) sausage using emulsion technology (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Aquatic Animal Health
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20893 | 17408 | 2016-07-18 01:50:04 | 20893 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: In most countries along with various food products, fish sausage is supplied in different formulas. Unfortunately, in our country because of different reasons, production and supply of fish sausage in industrial level has not yet been successful and some efforts taken, has also been doomed to failure or not welcomed. Fat fish is a rich source of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and co-3. In this research, efforts have been made to produce and enrich sausage with fish oil and maintenance of fatty acids has also been experimented using gas chromatography along with heating process. The stages of producing ground fish and fish sausage are as the following: Transferring and preparing fish, washing the cleared fish, filleting, separating fillet steak, washing and drying them, Refining meat, Producing and homogenizing mixture from basic ingredients in a cutter, filling, knotting and heat processing. The fish sausage produced by this method tried and welcomed by the subjects. In the product in which fish meat was used, the subjects was not recognized fish flavor and taste and when in addition to fish meat, fish oil was used during enrichment, the flavor and taste of fish was considered as highly acceptable. TVN measurement of the produced fish sausage was kept in the refrigerator in two month was at a maximum of 16.5, the amount of peroxide was at a maximum 1.5% after the period of two months. During this period the Colony count was at maximum of 19.5 x 104, the high maximum of the number of coliforms was 10/gr, and for mold and yeast 83/gr , but Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Clostridium perfringens were not found. The protein of the resulting product was 15-18%, lipid at about 11-15% and moisture 60-65%. Comparing fatty acids, including unsaturated fatty acids in ground and oil fish used in producing fish sausage with those of fish sausage showed that the heat used in processing had the least effect on fatty acids of the meat and oil used here and the resulting fish sausage is considered as food for good health.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: Nordar, Rokni; Abbasali, Motalebi; Counsellors: Mehrdad, Ghavami; Sohrab, Rezvani
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 129
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  • 207
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    A study on cytochemical properties of white blood cells from Acipenseridae of southern Caspian Sea (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Aquatic Pathology
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20911 | 17408 | 2016-07-15 09:15:17 | 20911 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: The objective of this study was to study leukocytes characteristics of Acipenseridae of southern Caspian Sea stained by cytochemical stains in order to classify these cells more accurately. The samples were taken from Sturgeon propagation centers and International Sturgeon Research Institute in the north part of Iran. 10 fish were selected randomly from each age group (fingerling, 1, 2, 3 to 11 years) and blood samples were taken from caudal vein using syringes with no anticoagulant. Blood smears were prepared immediately and fixed by methanol. The smears then stained using cytochemical staining according to the Sigma-Aldrich instructions. Neutrophils were positive for Sudan Black-B(SBB), Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Peroxidase (PER) but negative for choloroacetate esterase (CAE). Eosinophi is stained positively for PER and SBB and weakly for PAS, acid phosphatase (ACP), CAE and a-naphthyl acetate esterase (a-NAE). Basophil was absent in the studied blood smears. Lymphocytes were positive for ACP but weak for PAS, CAE and a-NAE. Monocytes stained positively for B-glucoronidase (BG) in Acipenser persicus 5 and 11 years group, in Acipenser stellatus 1 and 2 years group, in Acipenser gueldenstaedtii 1 year group, in Acipenser nudiventris 9 year and in Huso huso 7 year group and stained weakly for a-NAE.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: Shahabedin Safi, Mahmoud Bahmani; Counsellors: Behyar Jalali Jafari
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 208
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    La graisse de Cá linh banh (Thynnichthys thynnoides Bleeker): étude physico-chimique (2021)
    Gouvernement Général de l'Indochine | Saigon
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20973 | 12051 | 2016-08-11 08:41:53 | 20973 | Institute of Oceanography, Nha Trang, Viet Nam
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: The Cá linh banh, Thynnichthys thynnoides, is a very common small cyprinid in Cambodia. The material studied in this note was collected during a research cruise of "De Lanessan" vessel of the Oceanographic Institute of Indochina in December 1925. The technical operations have been exposed by the author. This study is part of the previous note by Mr. Marcelet on fish oil.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Thynnichthys thynnoides ; freshwater fishes ; chemical composition ; physical properties ; fish fat ; Cambodia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 209
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    Refolding of omega conotoxin peptide derived from marine snail, Conus magus, to evaluate its analgesic effects (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Biology
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20998 | 17408 | 2016-08-17 09:39:37 | 20998 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Oxidative refolding is one of the key challenges hampering the development of peptide based compounds as therapeutics. The correct refolding for three disulfide peptide like w-Conotoxi n MVIIA is difficult and crucial for biological activity. This work advanced knowledge of chemical and biological for improve oxidative refolding of synthetic w-Conotoxi n MVIIA in base of Conus magus venom. The present study aimed to set up an appropriate and effective protocols for refolding of disulfide-rich w-Conotoxin MVIIA. In this study, the crude peptide was protected with Acm group, according to the right amino acid sequences (Synthesized by Australian Company). The crude peptide was purified by H PLC. To prepare the peptide to refolding, innovative deprotection applied molar ratio (AMR) method was performed based on mercury. Accuracy of deprotection was approved by reverse phase chromatography. The deprotected target peptide (omega-conotoxin) was determined by SDS-PAGE. Then the Oxidative refolding of target peptide was performed in six protocol based on Guanidinium chloride and oxidized and reduced Glutathione. Analgesic effect of refolded peptide was surveyed with formalin test in mice Balb/c. Non neurotoxic effects of target peptides were survey with ICV injection in mice model (C57/BL6). The innovative deprotection protocol performed based on the best ratio of mercury/2-mercaptoethanol adjusted to 1mg/10p1 in 90 minute. The results showed the yield and purity of omega-conotoxin MVIIA as 93 and 95%, respectively. Refolding of 40 mg omega Conotoxin with GSSG and GSH on ratio of 10:1 and 20 mM ammonium acetate showed the best analgesic effect compared with the other methods. The result showed 95.5% yield and 98% purity of omega-conotoxin MVIIA in this refolding method. Related refolding method reduced 85% pain in experimented mice using 7 ng of the peptide. That was 71.5 fold stronger than morphine and 2 times than standard Prialt®. And it was not neurotoxic in mice. In this study, refolding method for omega-conotoxin MVIIA was optimized in the fourth factor including: reducing the time, amount and number of reagent and increase the efficiency. We introduced new method for deprotection of omega-conotoxin MVIIA. Effective, economic and applied refolding and deprotecti on method was performed in this research may al so be applied to similar omega conotoxin peptides.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: Delavar, Shahbazzadeh; Shahla, Jamili; counsellors: Kamran, Pooshang Bagheri; Pargol, Ghavam Mostafavi
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 210
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    Biological activities (antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic) of secondary metabolites of Ircinia spp. (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Biology
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21024 | 17408 | 2016-08-24 10:11:29 | 21024 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Sponges are the most primitive of the multicellular, These organisms don’t have any mechanical defense system, so their early appearance in evolution has given them a lot of time for the development of advanced secondary metabolites as chemical defense system. Sponges have the potential to provide drugs from chemical components against diseases. In this investigation the sponge samples, which it is Ircina spp., were collected at depth of 15- 24 meter, from locations on the coastline of Island Kish in Persian Gulf of Iran. For identifying natural components, methanolic and diethyletter were used as extraction solvents, after removal of the solvents, the GC/MS spectra of the fraction were obtained. Then in vitro cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antifungal were identified. In vitro cytotoxity screening, by XTT assay, against KB/ C359 and HUT-56/ C365 cell line, was conducted in this study in 1 - 544 μg/ml. IC54 for winter diethyletter extract was 325 μg/ml, winter methanolic extract was 364 μg/ml, IC54 for summer diethyletter extract was 544 μg/ml, and summer methanolic extract was 454 μg/ml in HUT-56. IC54 for winter diethyletter extract was 454 μg/ml, winter methanolic extract was 444 μg/ml, IC54 for summer diethyletter extract was 344 μg/ml, and summer methanolic extract was 424 μg/ml in KB. In vitro antimicrobial activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical gram-positives and gram negatives (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). The results conducted that the MIC values of winter diethyletter extract for Escherichia coli 24mg/ml, the MIC values of winter diethyletter extract for Escherichia coli 24mg/ml, the MIC and MBC values of winter diethyletter extract for Staphylococcus aureus was 2mg/ml and 24mg/ml. The MIC and MBC values of winter diethyletter extract for Bacillus subtilis was 1.5 mg/ml and 2mg/ml. In vitro antifungal activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical pathogens; Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The results conducted that the aqueous extracts didn’t have any antifungal activities on pathogens, the MFC of the summer and winter diethyletter extract was 30 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml A. fumigates, the summer and winter methanolic extract was 0722 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml A. fumigates, the summer and winter methanolic was 4/75mg/ml, MFC 5 mg/ml on C. albicans.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: A. A., Motallebi; SH., Jamili; Counsellors: A., Mashinchian; P., Gavam Mostafavi
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Health
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 211
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    Evaluation and measurement of chromium in sea water in order to remove it with mineral absorbent kaolin for desalination (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Chemistry
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21055 | 17408 | 2016-10-10 10:02:44 | 21055 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Today, the use of heavy metals and chemical products industry expanded. The presence of significant amounts of, pollutants in industrial waste water can lead to serious risks to the environment and human health have heavy metals like chromium is one example of the future of salmon knock pond environment. Chromium is an essential element in the diet, but high doses of this element is very dangerous. Hence the use of chemical methods as a tool for the removal of metals from waste water pond be used. The aim of this study was to investigate the mineral kaolin adsorbents for the removal of chromium is water. Thus, the effect of different concentrations of absorbent micro amounts of chromium absorption and variable temperature, pH and electrolytes were studied. During the investigation of spectroscopic instrument (Varian) UV-VIS are used. Comparison of the absorption mechanism of chromium adsorption by the adsorbent with nano-absorbent kaolin kaolin was investigated. According to the studies done in the same conditions of temperature, pH and shaking rate of chromium absorption by nano kaolin kaolin is much more attractive. Therefore, its use as an adsorbent abundant, cheap, accessible, efficient and effective is proposed.
    Description: Masters
    Description: Advisors:Mohammad Ebrahim, Olya;Mohammad Hadi, Khorgami Counsellor:Shahram, Moradi
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 212
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    Optimization of flocculation process and continuous filtration for sea water primary treatment filtration to reduce SDI for entree to reverse osmosis system (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Environment
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21057 | 17408 | 2016-10-12 07:36:34 | 21057 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Today , Providing drinking water and process water is one of the major problems in most countries ; the surface water often need to be treated to achieve necessary quality, and in this way, technological and also financial difficulties cause great restrictions in operating the treatment units. Although water supply by simple and cheap systems has been one of the important objectives in most scientific and research centers in the world, still a great percent of population in developing countries, especially in rural areas, don't benefit well quality water. One of the big and available sources for providing acceptable water is sea water. There are two ways to treat sea water first evaporation and second reverse osmosis system. Nowadays R.O system has been used for desalination because of low budget price and easily to operate and maintenance. The sea water should be pretreated before R.O plants, because there is some difficulties in raw sea water that can decrease yield point of membranes in R.O system. The subject of this research may be useful in this way, and we hope to be able to achieve complete success in design and construction of useful pretreatment systems for R.O plant. One of the most important units in the sea water pretreatment plant is filtration, the conventional method for filtration is pressurized sand filters, and the subject of this research is about new filtration which is called continuous back wash sand filtration (CBWSF). The CBWSF designed and tested in this research may be used more economically with less difficulty. It consists two main parts first shell body and second central part comprising of airlift pump, raw water feeding pipe, air supply hose, backwash chamber and sand washer as well as inlet and outlet connections. The CBWSF is a continuously operating filter, i.e. the filter does not have to be taken out of operation for backwashing or cleaning. Inlet water is fed through the sand bed while the sand bed is moving downwards. The water gets filtered while the sand becomes dirty. Simultaneously, the dirty sand is cleaned in the sand washer and the suspended solids are discharged in backwash water. We analyze the behavior of CBWSF in pretreatment of sea water instead of pressurized sand filter. There is one important factor which is not suitable for R.O membranes, it is bio-fouling. This factor is defined by Silt Density Index (SDI).measured by SDI. In this research has been focused on decreasing of SDI and NTU. Based on this goal, the prototype of pretreatment had been designed and manufactured to test. The system design was done mainly by using the design fundamentals of CBWSF. The automatic backwash sand filter can be used in small and also big water supply schemes. In big water treatment plants, the units of filters perform the filtration and backwash stages separately, and in small treatment plants, the unit is usually compacted to achieve less energy consumption. The analysis of the system showed that it may be used feasibly for water treating, especially for limited population. The construction is rapid, simple and economic, and its performance is high enough because no mobile mechanical part is used in it, so it may be proposed as an effective method to improve the water quality and consequently the hygiene level in the remote places of the country.
    Description: Masters
    Description: Supervisors: Amir Hossein, Javid; Amir Hessam, Hasani. Counsellor: Sayed Ahmad, Mirbagheri
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Environment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 213
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    Preparation of Ni-P electroless and its corrosion resistance against sea water (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Chemistry
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21056 | 17408 | 2016-10-12 07:31:33 | 21056 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Electroless coating is much appropriate process at engineering surface. Since the discovery of electroless nickel-phosphorus coating in 3996, due to technical and economic advantages as well as desirable characteristics such as resistance to corrosion, abrasion and a high hardness has found wide application at engineering industries. Properties of electroless nickel-phosphorus coating depend on the characteristics of the used bath and heat treatment. In this study, optimal conditions and concentration of sodium citrate, sodium acetate and lactic acid in the bath of electroless nickel-phosphorus coating to the steel ck67 surface was determined. Structure, chemical composition and phases occurring in the coating were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The corrosion behavior of coatings in solution 3.5٪ NaCl was studied using electrochemical. The results showed that corrosion resistance of the coating with composition sodium citrate, sodium acetate and lactic acid decreased respectively.
    Description: Masters
    Description: Advisors:H. Moddares. Counsellors: A. Mashinchian Moradi
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Environment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 214
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    Investigation on water and sediment quality variation from coast to off shore and its relation to bent hoses biodiversity: case study Bandar tahery (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Chemistry
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21065 | 17408 | 2016-10-13 07:47:55 | 21065 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: This paper deals with the qualification of water and sediment particularly those of benthos, as well as their interaction results, through careful laboratory researches within 24 experimental sites around the bank of Bandar Taheri, Persian Gulf water of Iranian borders, under 13th phase south Pars project. Samples were carried to the laboratories and careful experimental tests such as physical chemical, heavy metal, nitrate ammoniac, toc and other biologic tests including various type of benthos count were performed. Data gained through Shanon and Dankan statistical analyses were also studied to determine the water, sediment and pollution rate. Resulted information would classify the area as less polluted area which is rather away from critical environmental zone, another word the area could be liable to change to an undesired one while the density rates of principal metals follows the Fe〉Mn〉Zn〉Cu〉Pb〉Cd〉N pattern.
    Description: Masters
    Description: Advisors: A. H., Javid; A., Mashincian Moradi; Counsellors: P., Ghavam Mostafavi
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 215
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    Studying and measuring the amount of detergents in sea-water samples in order to eliminate with adsorbents and inorganic nano-adsorbents for the sake of securing the water for marine nourishment pools (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Chemistry
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21066 | 17408 | 2016-10-13 07:51:42 | 21066 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Increasing the amount of detergent industries in world in spite of having abundant benefits; entering a new kind of contamination into environment and attract the attention of environment liable of different countries to itself. Entering detergents into an aqueous solution cause pollution of water sources and environment in respect of appearing e problem and charges like: nutritive phenomenon, decomposition of hard group of detergent and producing foam. After using Detergents, they were poured into rivers, seas and lakes and have destructive effect on environment. A lot of hygiene problems were attributed to the water having detergents more than allowed value. So, it is specified the importance of eliminating detergents from contaminated water and it is application for secondary use. In order to attain to this aim, we can use inorganic nano and micro-caolin. In this study the adsorptive properties of detergent on the micro and nano caolin adsorbents were studied and the effect of various parameters like the amount of adsorptive materials, initial concentration of detergent, speed of stirring, electrolyte, temperature, time and pH were determined. The surface area of micro- and nano-caoline was reported 11.867 and 49.1438 m2 g-1, respectively. That increasing in nano-caoline surface area confirms increasing in capacity and more rate of adsorption. The results gained by this research recommend using micro- and nano-caolin as a plentiful, available and effective adsorbents. Also in comparison, using nano-caoline was recommended in order to have more effectiveness.
    Description: Masters
    Description: Advisors: Mohammad Hadi, Khorgami; Mohammad Ebrahim, Olia Counsellor: Parviz, Aberomand Azar
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Oceanography
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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  • 216
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    Determination of some hematologic effect the Persian Gulf blackfin stonefish, (Pseudosynanceia melanostigma), venom on albino mice blood (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Biology
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21650 | 17408 | 2017-11-14 09:22:12 | 21650 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Toxins produced by flora and fauna and its proteins as well as valuable pharmaceutical compounds. They contain proteins used in producing painkillers, drugs for treating cancer, infectious diseases, allergy, blood pressure, etc. In this study on 250 blackfin stonefish, we investigated the LD50 and hematological effects of the toxin produced by this fish along with its pharmacological and enzymatic properties investigated by other researchers. One and three LD50 of venom injected IM in Rabbits under study was administered IV and different parameter like PT, PTT, cbc total protein and SDS-PAGE venom electrophoreses were studied before and 24 hours after venom injection. The total protein was estimated 331 µg/ml and the level of RBC WBC were 6.62 and 7.1 mm3 before venom treatment and reduce to 6.3 and 5.7 mm3 after venom injection. The MCH=21 pg MCHC=32.6% Hb=13.95 g/dl HCT=42.8% were before venom treatment and reduce to MCV=65.3 fl MCH= 22 pg MCHC=33.7% Hb=12.7 g/dl HCT=37.7% after venom injection The PT and PTT reduce after venom treatment (before venom treatment were PT=8.5 second & PTT = 27 second and after venom injection PT=15 second & PTT = 34 second) the platelet count reduce after venom injection (before venom=495 103/microliter and after venom was 49 103/microliter). Our results showed that the venom caused a significant reduction In WBC, RBC Hb, Hct, and platelet count which is due to lysis of cell after venom treatment.
    Description: Masters
    Description: Advisors:Dr. Shahla Jamili; Dr. Hossein Zolfagharian
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
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    Type: thesis
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    Application of synthetic polymers as adsorbents for the removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions: batch experimental studies (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21703 | 18721 | 2017-11-27 13:45:12 | 21703 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: In the present study seven synthetic polymers were used as adsorbents for the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution. The equilibrium studies were systematically carried out in a batch process, covering various process parameters that include agitation time, adsorbent dosage, and pH of the aqueous solution.The analyzing system was an atomic absorption spectrometer (Perkin-Analyst 100). It was observed in adsorption and desorption tests that synthetic polymers showed significant pH dependence, which affected the removal efficiency, robustly. Adsorption behavior was found to follow Freundlich and Longmuir isotherms. A regeneration study was also carried out.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Pollution ; application ; synthetic ; polymers ; adsorbents ; removal ; cadmium ; solutions ; experimental ; iran
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    Survey of heavy metal (copper, iron, lead, cadmium, zinc and nickel) concentrations and their effects on the water quality of Anzali wetland (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21717 | 18721 | 2017-11-28 08:41:08 | 21717 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Anzali International wetland is one of the most valuable water resources as registered in Ramsar convention with an extent of about 150 km2 in the south Caspian Sea. This wetland, not only has ecological and biological importance for migratory birds and rare fish species, but also is used for farms to discharge into the Caspian Sea through this wetland. Therefore its pollution control is very important for human life. In this study 6 elements (copper, iron, lead, zinc, cadmium and nickel ) in Anzali wetland were analyzed by Atomic Absorption spectroscopy method. . Water samples were collected from ten sampling sites seasonally and the results were compared with each other. The detection limits obtained were 0.016 ng/ml for cadmium, 0.02 ng/ml for copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn), 0.025 ng/ml for iron (Fe) and 0.026 ng/ml for nickel (Ni). Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) was 1.7%. The results showed that these heavy metals were present in the water. Concentrations of Cu (0.6 mg/l) were higher than international standards reported in some stations. This can be due to industries around the wetland. The average level of heavy metals was higher in spring than in the other seasons which can be due to increase in seasonal rainfall and intensity of flow from rivers to wetland.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Pollution ; heavy metal ; copper ; iron ; lead ; cadmium ; zinc ; nickel ; water quality ; Anzali wetland
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  • 219
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    Effect of copper sulphate on behavioral and histopathological changes in roach, Rutilus rutilus caspicus (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21734 | 18721 | 2017-11-28 08:59:37 | 21734 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: The research was accomplished in order to study behavioral and histopathological effects of Copper on Rutilus rutilus caspicus under experimental condition. The study was performed using Water Static Method during 96 hours. 15 fish with averaged weight 2±0.5 g in weight were encountered to different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mg/l) of Copper. A group of fish was considered as control. Under stable condition and aeration, the lethal concentration was 0.4 mg/l. Results indicated that there was significant differences between treatments when copper concentration increased (p〈0.05). It was found that in the high concentration of Copper nominal signs of toxicity such as convulsion, air gulping and flared operculum were observed. Histopathological sings were hyperplasia, edema, hyperemia, hemorrhage, expansion of Bowman’s capsule and hepatocytes necrosis. In control group no lesion was observed.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; copper ; sulphate ; behavioral ; histopathological ; Rutilus rutilus caspicus ; Caspian Sea ; Iran ; hyperplasia
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  • 220
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    Effect of dietary estradiol-17β on growth performance, body composition and blood indices in Stellate sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21744 | 18721 | 2017-11-30 03:34:44 | 21744 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: This study was investigated the effects of dietary estradiol-17β (E2) on growth, body composition and blood indices in Acipenser stellatus. Fish (40.9 ± 1.1 g average initial weight; n = 60 per group) were fed with three different diets containing 0 (control), 25 and 50 mg kg-1 dietary estradiol contents to apparent satiation for seven months. The results suggested that growth rate were decreased as the E2 level was increased. No significant difference was observed in condition factor among dietary treatments. The highest survival rate was observed in fish fed control diet, but was not significantly different among the treatments (P〉0.05). Body composition did not show significant changes among dietary treatments. Number of white blood cells and red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit values were significantly decreased as the E2 levels were raised (P〈0.05). Plasma biochemical parameters including glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, and phosphorus levels were dose dependent with the lowest levels in control with the highest levels in fish treated with 50 mg E2. The results of the present study revealed growth suppression of dietary E2 and changes of blood indices with providing some basic information on the effect of estrogen hormone on physiology of sturgeon.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; dietary ; estradiol-17β ; growth ; performance ; body composition ; blood ; Stellate sturgeon ; Acipenser stellatus ; iran
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    Prevention of acute ammonia toxicity in beluga, Huso huso, using natural zeolite (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21745 | 18721 | 2017-11-30 03:37:48 | 21745 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: This study was accomplished to examine the efficiency of natural zeolite in preventing acute toxicity of total ammonia to Huso huso. The study was performed using Water Static Method in 96 hours. Fish averaged 46 ± 5 g in weight and 22 ± 4 cm in total length were exposed to four different concentrations (15, 30, 50, 75 mgL-1) of ammonia and a group was considered as control. Under stable condition, the lethal concentration of ionized ammonia was 75 mgL-1 in 96 hours. In the lethal concentration of total ammonia, different amounts of 5, 10, 15 g.L-1 granulated clinoptilolite zeolite were used. Results indicated significant differences between treatments and control (p〈0.05). By increasing Clinoptilolite zeolite in each treatment, the survival rate of fish also increased significantly (p〈0.05). In lethal concentration of ammonia, the use of 15 g.L-1 zeolite could prevent the mortality rate. Histopathological findings showed that major lesions in gill filaments included hemorrhage, hyperemia, hyperplasia, epithelial cells necrosis. There were hemorrhage, hyperemia, degenerated tubules of kidney, expansion of Bowman's capsule in kidney and hepatocytes necrosis in liver.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; prevention ; ammonia ; toxicity ; beluga ; Huso huso ; zeolite ; Iran ; liver ; histopathology ; hyperemia ; hyperplasia
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    Toxicity comparison of silver nanoparticles synthesized by physical and chemical methods to tadpole (Rana ridibunda) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21765 | 18721 | 2017-11-30 07:11:15 | 21765 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: One of the possible threats in increasing use of nanomaterials is the emergence of toxicity in humans and other animals which is discussed in nanotoxicology. In addition to toxic effects of nanomaterials themselves, different chemical precursors which are usually used in bottom-up approaches for production of nanomaterials may have secondary toxic effects in living organisms. In contrast, less use of chemicals in top-down approaches may reduce these secondary effects. To test this hypothesis, toxic effects of two types of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by physical (top-down) and chemical (bottom-up) methods were investigated and compared on the tadpole, Rana ridibunda survival. The estimated 48 h LC50 values of AgNPs produced by chemical and physical methods for tadpoles were 0.055 ± 0.004 and 0.296 ± 0.085 mg.L-1, respectively. No observed effect concentration, lowest observed effect concentration, maximum acceptable toxicant concentration and median lethal concentration of AgNPs produced by chemical method were respectively 3.42, 4.50, 4.84 and 5.38 times less than those produced by physical method. Therefore, approving the mentioned hypothesis, it was revealed that AgNPs produced by chemical method are more toxic than those generated by physical method. However, it seems totally that AgNPs regardless of the method used for their production, have toxic effects on aquatic organisms and so, inhibiting their accidental or intentional entrance into the aquatic ecosystems should be more considered.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Environment ; Rana ridibunda ; Iran ; tadpole ; chemical ; methods ; physical ; toxicity ; comparison ; silver ; nanoparticles
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    Concentration of heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Ni, Hg) in muscle, gill and liver tissues of Barbus xanthopterus in Karoon River (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21810 | 18721 | 2018-01-08 09:29:45 | 21810 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: We determined bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni and Hg) in the muscle, gill and liver organs of Barbus xanthopterus in summer 2009 in Karoon River, south west of Iran. Gill net was used to sample 48 random size fish specimens from Karoon River downward of Ahwaz city (Shekariyeh 3 village). The tissues were extracted and the elements were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Concentrations of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Ni , Hg in muscle tissue of Barbus xanthopterus were 1.679, 2.37, 1.16, 1.29mg/kg dry wt and in gill were 2.17, 2.92, 1.44, 1.34mg/kg dry wt and in liver were 1.92, 2.79, 1.31, 1.43mg/kg dry wt, respectively. All the results were statistically significant (P 0.05). The concentrations of heavy metals were higher than standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the muscle tissue of Barbus xanthopterus in Karoon River.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Pollution ; Pollution ; Barbus xanthopterus ; Karoon River ; Khuzestan Province ; Iran ; heavy metal ; muscle ; gill ; liver ; tissues
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    Daphnia pulex through physical and chemical factors (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21808 | 18721 | 2018-01-08 09:21:33 | 21808 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Regarding the key role and importance of Daphnia in aquaculture, particularly for survival and adaptation of fishes in larval stages, a comprehensive study on hatching rate of Daphnia ephippial eggs was implemented to obtain an optimum technique. The effects of abiotic factors was investigated on the hatching response of Daphnia pulex diapausing eggs collected from live food ponds in Cultivation and Breeding Centre of Gorgan. After isolation, the eggs were kept in dry and wet conditions at 4°C for 2 months in darkness. Following the preincubation period, the eggs in each group were subdivided into 2 parts and treated with 1% NaOCl and distilled water. The effect of temperature levels (15 C, 20 C, 25 C) and photoperiod levels (12L: 12D, 24L: 0D) were identified on the hatching of eggs in AdaM medium during 15 days. Results indicated that the exposure of wet-kept eggs to 12-hour photoperiod and 25 C without soaking in 1% NaOCl, caused the maximum rate and speed of hatching.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Aquaculture ; Feed ; Live food ; Daphnia pulex ; Iran ; physical ; chemical
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    Shelf-life determination of tiger-toothed Croaker (Otolithes ruber) during flake ice storage (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21809 | 18721 | 2018-01-08 09:25:21 | 21809 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Quality of tiger-toothed croaker stored in flake ice was studied for 19 days by sensory, chemical (total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N)), (thiobarbituric values (TBA)), pH and microbial (total viable count, TVC) methods. Sensory scheme was modified according to the panelists perception and a specific schema was created for this fish. Sensory analyses showed that: "gills color and odor", "convexity of eyes", "peritoneum" and "elasticity of flesh" are the best sensory parameters. Results of sensory and microbial analyses had high correlation. Total viable count of flesh was 2.86 log cfu g-1 at first day and reached the limiting level of TVC (106) after 15 days of storage (P〈0.05). TVB-N levels were 15.31mg/100 g tissue at the first day of storage and reached 36.52mg/100 g at the end of storage day (P〈0.05). Measuring amounts of TVB-N showed that total volatile basic nitrogen is a good quality index for tiger-toothed croaker during ice storage. The initial level of TBA was 0.83mg of malondialdehyde per kg flesh (mg MDA/kg) and increased to 3.75mg MDA/kg at the end of storage. TBA levels were less than limiting level (5mg MDA/kg) over the period of storage. According to the results, shelf-life of tiger-toothed croaker was determined 15 days during ice storage.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Shelf-life ; Quality ; Tiger-toothed croaker ; Flake ice ; Otolithes ruber ; Iran
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    Assessment of total mercury bioaccumulation in white and red muscle and liver tissues of Cyprinus carpio collected from Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21881 | 18721 | 2018-01-15 09:36:19 | 21881 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: Previous studies showed that the level of mercury in Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir (SGR) was higher than limits established by the World Health Organization. Total Mercury (T-Hg) concentrations in white muscle, red muscle and liver tissues of Common carp as the most consumed fish in the region were investigated. For the first time the content of mercury in red muscle tissue was measured and compared with white muscle and liver tissues. During the July to December 2009, 24 Common carp were caught from SGR (4 samples per month). THg concentrations in above mentioned tissues were measured, using Mercury Analyzer. T-Hg concentrations variations in white muscle, red muscle and liver tissues were (123-458), (115- 455) and (107-303) ng g-1, respectively. Statically significant differences were found between three tissues. A significant monthly variations of T-Hg concentrations were observed within liver tissue samples. Fish weights in this ranged between 330.1 to 753 grams. T-Hg in white and red muscle tissues in all samples weighted above 500 grams were higher than the limits established by the EPA. Therefore, additional researches are needed to evaluate any potential effluence of this fish consumption on people health.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Pollution ; Heavy metal ; Pollution ; Common carp ; mercury ; bioaccumulation ; tissues ; Cyprinus carpio ; muscle ; Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir ; Iran
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    Comparison of produced fish protein hydrolysate from viscera and head of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) using alcalase enzyme and internal tissue enzymes (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21909 | 18721 | 2018-01-16 10:47:13 | 21909 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: In the present study, hydrolysed protein of viscera and head of Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was compared using Alcalase enzyme and internal tissue enzymes at 2 and 4 hours. The result indicated that product by Alcalase (Treatment 1) had significantly higher protein and rate of hydrolysates than that produced by internal tissue enzymes (Treatment 2). So, the highest mean (±SD) protein (68.10±1.33) was related to treatment 1-head (with Alcalase enzyme) after 4 hours and the highest rate of hydrolysates (29.36±1.35) was related to treatment 1-head (with Alcalase enzyme) after 4 hours. The result indicated that rate of hydrolysates raised as time of hydrolysates increased. However the intensity and rate of hydrolysates is reduced. The highest rate of hydrolysates occurred at 120 minutes in the first. This mode was similar for two treatments. The result can be considered as the Alcalase was preferred to internal enzyme.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Biotechnology ; Fish processing ; Fish wast ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; protein ; Silver carp ; tissue ; enzymes ; Iran
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    Chemical and sensory properties of fish sauce using dried rainbow sardine (Dussumieria acuta) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21937 | 18721 | 2018-02-08 02:13:52 | 21937 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Fish sauce is a dark liquid which produced from fish fermentation in a very high salt condition. This product has a long history and is produced in different procedures and names throughout the world. In Iran, production of fish sauce consists of two steps. At first, fermented extract or Suru is produced from fresh or dried sardine, and Suru is cured with the addition of spices. This study was conducted for the first time in Iran for industrial production of fish sauce from dried Sardine. For this study, fresh sardine was provided from Bandar Abbas Fishery Center. The fish were sun-dried and used for fish sauce production. The effects of mechanical dicing, adding of salt in two levels (100 and 80 percent) and addition of citric acid at 2% were investigated. Sampling was achieved with separation of aqueous phase by vacuum and filter paper. Then, acidity, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, trimethylamine and salt concentration were measured in the extracted liquid. Results showed that acidity, electrical conductivity and total nitrogen increased, however, the salt content remained constant and the trimethylamine content was decreased during fermentation period. Increase in total nitrogen indicated an increase in protein hydrolysis and nutritional value of the product. Whereas, reduction in trimethylamine content showed a decrease in the number of spoilage bacteria during fermentation. The highest score in sensory evaluation of the products belonged to the low salt (80%) treatment.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Fish processing ; sauce ; Chemical ; sensory properties ; rainbow sardine ; Dussumieria acuta ; spices ; Iran
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    Yield of protein recovery and degree of hydrolysis associated protein hydrolysates from Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis) by using enzymes (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21945 | 18721 | 2018-01-18 08:57:51 | 21945 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: The present study compared the properties of Bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) visceral, viscera use of commercial enzymes (Alcalase, Papain, and Protamex), recovery protein and degree of hydrolysis in the various temperatures and times of hydrolysis process. According to results, increase in time and temperature in hydrolysis process, led to increase in both recovery protein and degree of hydrolysis. Maximum of these parameters were observed at 55°C and 60min. minimum of parameters were observed at 35°C and 15min. In addition, among enzymes being investigated, Alcalase had high rate of recovery protein and degree of hydrolysis in equal temperature and times different from others enzymes (Papain and Protamex). Maximum mean of recovery protein for Alcalase was %51.38±2.39 in 55°C and 60 min of hydrolysis process. Also, maximum degree of hydrolysis for Alcalaqse was more than 20% at 55°C and 60 min of hydrolysis process. In conclusion, use of Alcalase enzyme induces product protein hydrolysates from Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis) viscera that have suitable quality than others enzymes (Papain, and Protamex).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Alkalase ; Papain ; Protamex ; Processing ; protein ; hydrolysis ; Bighead Carp ; Aristichthys nobilis ; enzymes ; Iran
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    Study on effect of Rosmarinus officinalis and Zataria multiflora extracts on the stability of fatty acids in frozen silver carp minced (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21954 | 18721 | 2018-01-18 09:49:23 | 21954 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: In this study, the effect of Rosemary and Zataria extracts on three different treatments in frozen Silver carp minced were studied in normal packaging. Therefore, a control and three treatments were defined: Treatment 1 - Control: frozen meat packaged in conventional Treatment 2: Frozen Silver carp minced + Zataria 300mg/kg in normal packaging Treatment 3: Frozen Silver carp minced + Rosemary 200mg/kg in normal packaging Treatment 4: Frozen Silver carp minced + Rosemary compound (100mg/kg) and Zataria (100mg/kg) in normal packaging After quick freezing of samples in the spiral freezer by individual quick freezing method, to maintain the cold temperature (-18)°C were transferred. For six month, Sampling and measurements to determine the fatty acid profile of the zero phase beginning in the first month and then every ten days, and 15 days in the second month of the third month after the monthly test. Identifying, defining and measuring the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography was performed. In this study, levels of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in three experimental and one control were identified as follows: A: SFA: (Saturated Fatty Acid): Meristic C14: 0/ Palmitic C16: 0 /Hepta decaenoic C17: 0 / Stearic C18: 0 / Arashidic C20: 0 B: (MUFA Mono Unsaturated Fatty Acid): Palmitoleic C16: 1-W7 / Oleic C18: 1-W9 /Gadoleic C20: 1 - W9 C: (PUFA Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid): Linoleic C18: 2-W6 /α-Linolenic C18:3-W3 D: (HUFA High Unsaturated Fatty Acid): Arachidonic C20: 4 - W6 Eicosa panta enoic acid C20: 5- EPA/W3 Docosa hexa enoic acid C22: 6-DHA/W3. Results of this study was to determine keep frozen fish meat containing extracts of Zataria and Rosemary in freezing conditions, stability of different types of fatty acids, mono unsaturated fatty acids, poly unsaturated fatty acids, high unsaturated fatty acids, So that none of the fatty acids measured, were not observed increase or decrease Changes over time while maintaining the oxidation of fatty acids is minimized. The results obtained from the profile of fatty acids and their related indices and statistical tests show the treatment contains Rosemary extract show greater stability than thyme during storage (- 18)°C. According to studies, Frozen minced fish meat treated with extracts of Rosemary, was used until the end of the storage period.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Antioxidants ; Medicine plant ; Processing ; silver carp ; Rosmarinus officinalis ; Zataria multiflora ; fatty acids ; Iran
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    Changes of biochemical, sex steroids and carcass composition of stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) juveniles fed different dietary levels of 17-ß estradiol (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22039 | 18721 | 2018-01-25 08:15:09 | 22039 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: This study was carried out to find the effects of 17-ß estradiol (E2) on biochemical parameters, sex steroids and carcass composition in juvenile stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus). One hundred and eighty 5-month stellate sturgeon with an average weight of 11.7 ± 0.2 g were divided into 3 treatments with 3 replicates each with 20 fish per tank. The treatments were included 0, 25 and 50 mg E2/kg diet. At the termination of 7 months feeding trial with different levels of E2, blood biochemical parameters, sex steroids and carcass composition were measured. The results of biochemical parameters including plasma glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium and phosphorus showed dose-dependent manner. The lowest and highest levels of all biochemical parameters were observed in fish fed control and 50 mg E2/kg diet, respectively (p〈 0.05). Plasma sex steroids concentrations showed the lowest level of E2 in fish fed control diet, while the highest levels of testosterone and progesterone were observed in this treatment (p〈 0.05). Proximate carcass analysis showed no significant difference in moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash contents among the treatments (p〉 〉0.05). Final weight, total length, hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices were also affected by different levels of E2 (p〈 0.05). The results of present study demonstrated that using E2 in the diet of juvenile stellate sturgeon can influence most of biochemical indices and sex steroids which seems that those were related to the changes of sex ratio and some physiological parameters.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Stellate sturgeon ; Sex steroids ; Biochemistry ; Growth ; sex ; composition ; Acipenser stellatus ; juveniles ; fed ; dietary ; levels ; 17-ß estradiol ; Iran
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    Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of Euphorbia turcomanica extract on some liver biochemical parameters of Zebra Aphanius (Aphanius dispar) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22024 | 18721 | 2018-01-25 06:57:33 | 22024 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: In the present study, effects of sub-lethal concentrations of Euphorbia turcomanica extract with ranging from 0.00, 0.0055 (5% of LC50), 0.011 (10% of LC50) and 0.022 (20% of LC50) g/lit were investigated over 30 days on biochemical parameters of Zebra Aphanius (Aphanius dispar). The average (±SE) 24, 48, 72 and 96 LC50 rates of E. turcomanica on fish were 0.28±0.14, 0.19±0.06, 0.14±0.03 and 0.11±0.02 g/lit, respectively. The biochemical parameters including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CK), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in the liver tissue were measured after 15 and 30 days. Significant changes in AST, ALT, ALP, LDH and CK activities were observed in fish exposed to different concentrations of E. turcomanica extract when compared with control group. The significant increase was determined in AST, LDH and ALP while in ALT and CK, significant decrease was revealed. Also in liver total protein, a significant descending trend related to exposure time was demonstrated. In conclusion, the findings from this study provide basic information about toxicity of E. turcomanica extract on Zabra Aphanius, as well as developing guidelines for evaluating the effects of administration of E. turcomanica derivatives in water.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Aphanius dispar ; Euphorbia turcomanica ; Sub-lethal concentration ; Hepatic enzymes ; parameters ; Zebra Aphanius ; biochemical ; liver ; tissue ; toxicity ; Iran
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  • 233
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    Changes of growth, food intake and plasma cortisol in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) following cortisol injection (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22048 | 18721 | 2018-01-25 08:41:43 | 22048 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The present study conducted to investigate the effect of cortisol injection on growth indices, food intake and plasma cortisol in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). After 2 weeks adaptation, 240 fish with 19.5 ± 0.2 g average weight were randomly distributed in to 12 fiberglass tanks with four treatments and three replicates (20 fish per tank). Based on body weight, cortisol (mixed with oil) was injected to treatments with different dosages at 0 (C0), 1 (C1) and 10 (C10) µg/g. At the end of 21 days, fish were weighed and growth parameters showed significant reduction in C10. No significant change was observed in hepatosomatic index among different treatments. Food intake were recorded daily during the experiment and showed significant reduction in days 1 to 8, 16 and 19 in C10 compared to control group . Blood was taken to determine plasma cortisol at the start, day 3, day 7 and day 21 of the experiment. Cortisol concentrations showed significant reduction in C10 compared to C0 group three days after the initiation of the experiment. The results showed that increasing of cortisol in a short time after injection, affected by changes of blood plasma cortisol and reduction of food intake could negatively have an effect on growth.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Cortisol ; Stress ; Appetite ; Liver ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; plasma ; food ; growth ; juvenile ; blood ; Iran
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  • 234
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    The effect of dry salting on the shelf life of big mouth saury (Scomberoides commersonnianus) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22021 | 18721 | 2018-01-22 12:19:16 | 22021 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The present study investigated the effects of salting process on shelf life of big mouth saury (Scomberoides commersonnianus) filets. To determine the quality, chemical experiments including crude protein, peroxide value, crude lipid, ash-salt and moisture measurements were conducted at time intervals of 0, 15, 30, 90, 150 and 190 days. Moreover, fatty acid profile was measured at time intervals of 0, 90 and 190 days. Mean (±SD) crude protein, crude lipid, ash-salt and moisture contents in fresh fish were 20.07±0.85, 6.32±0.42, 2.17±0.2and 71.44±0.19, respectively, reaching 30.5±1.19 8±0.12, 17.6±0.1 and 43.9±0.91, respectively, after salting and storing at the ambient temperatures for 190 days. The mean (±SD) peroxide was 0.05±0.01 meqO2 kg-1, and in fresh fish reached to 2.5±0.05 meqO2 kg-1 at the end of storage time as salted products. Variations in all of these factors were significant. According to the obtained results, the best time period for storing is 90 days. In the present study, 21 fatty acids were recognized. Total saturated, and unsaturated fatty acids in fresh samples (time 0) were 53.41 and 54.47%, respectively, and reached 56.99 and 39.92 at the end of storage time as the salted product. The result of the organoliptic showed that the new method of the dry salting give a better quality to the product in comparison with the traditional method of dry salting.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Scomberoides commersonnianus ; Salting ; Shelf life ; dry ; quality ; protein ; fatty acid ; lipid ; comparison ; Iran
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  • 235
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    Effect of herbal supplement of sangrovit on growth, blood biochemical parameters, survival and resistance to salinity stress of Cyprinus carpio fingerlings (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22064 | 18721 | 2018-02-01 08:51:49 | 22064 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of sangrovit (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 %) on growth, some of blood biochemical parameters, survival and salinity tolerance capacity in Cyprinus carpio (2.62±0.117 gr). After 45 days of feeding, results showed that growth performance including of weight gain and % specific growth rate improved which fish fed whit sangrovit compared with to control group, but there was no significant differences in growth parameters which fish fed with herbal supplement compared to control group (P〉0.05). There were significant differences in biochemical parameters in fish fed with sangrovit compared to the control group (P〈0.05). The lowest level of cholesterol was observed in 0.05 % group and the highest level of total protein was observed in 0.15 % group. The highest levels of glucose observed in control treatment. In order to determine the effect of the herbal supplement on resistance to salinity stress, salinity stress was carried out after 45 days of feeding. Blood samples were obtained at 24, 72, 120 and 168 hours after stress. Hematocrit had significant difference in each groups (P〈0.05). On the third day after stress, hematocrit levels were decreased in all treatments. Survival and tolerance to salinity stress challenge remained unaffected by dietary supplementation of sangrovit. The results of this study showed that addition of sangrovit to fish diet can improve growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of common carp fingerlings.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Growth ; performance ; Blood ; Sangrovit ; Stress ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; fingerlings ; biochemical ; parameters ; survival ; resistance ; growth ; fish ; fed ; Iran
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  • 236
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    Determination of nickel and cobalt accumulation in edible tissues of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) of the Anzali Wetland (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22062 | 18721 | 2018-02-01 08:45:44 | 22062 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: This study was conducted to measure the accumulation of heavy metals (Co and Ni) in the edible tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and comparison with international standards of FAO and FDA. Samples were caught from the West, Centre and East part of Anzali Wetland in autumn of 2012. Accumulations of heavy metals were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The level of nickel in the West, Centre and East part of Anzali wetland was in permissible range. Cobalt was not observed in carp fish of western wetland. But, concentration of cobalt was not showed any significant differences compared with standard levels of FDA and FAO in East and Centre parts of wetland (p〉0.05). The results showed that there were not significant differences of the cobalt and nickel in the tissues of carp among stations (p〉0.05). According to the results, carp which caught from Western, Central and Eastern part of Anzali Wetland are suitable for human consumption.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Pollution ; Edible tissue ; Anzali ; Cobalt ; Nickel ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; Determination ; accumulation ; tissues ; Anzali Wetland ; Iran
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  • 237
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    Cytotoxic activity of natural components soluble in methanol and diethyl ether of Dysidea pallescens from Hengam Island, Persian Gulf (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22077 | 18721 | 2018-02-01 09:52:46 | 22077 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Sponges are the most primitive of the multicellular, These organisms don’t have any mechanical defense system, so their early appearance in evolution has given them a lot of time for the development of advanced secondary metabolites as chemical defense system. Sponges have the potential to provide drugs from chemical components against diseases. In this investigation the sponge samples, which it is Dysidea pallescens, were collected at depth of 15- 20 meter, from locations on the coastline of Island Hengam in Persian Gulf of Iran. For identifying natural components, methanol and diethyl ether were used as extraction solvents, after removal of the solvents; the in vitro cytotoxic activity was identified. In vitro cytotoxicity screening, by XTT assay, against KB/ C152 and HUT-78/ C185 cell line, was conducted in this study in 1 - 500 µg/ml. IC50 for diethyl ether and methanol extract was 200 µg/ml in HUT-78, IC50 for diethyl ether extract was 325µg/ml and methanol extract 325µg/ml in KB.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Pollution ; Sponge ; Cytotoxic ; Methanol extract ; Diethyl ether extract ; Hengam Island ; Persian Gulf ; Iran ; Dysidea pallescens
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  • 238
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    The effect of dietary nucleotide on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) juveniles (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22075 | 18721 | 2018-02-01 09:43:43 | 22075 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: This study was aimed to examine the impact of different levels of dietary nucleotides (Vannagen) on serum biochemical and blood parameters of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus). Fish (42.37± 2.12 g and 23.67± 0.61 cm) were divided into four treatments with different levels of dietary nucleotides (0, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.5 percent of diet). There were three replicates with a density of 12 fish per tank. After 10 weeks of feeding, serum biochemical and blood parameters were measured. Among the measured factors, blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, erythrocyte and heterophil showed significant differences between the groups fed with nucleotides and the control group (P ≤ 0.05). By increasing the nucleotide levels, the mean heterophil and serum glucose showed significant increase and decrease, respectively. The highest and lowest values of cholesterol and triglyceride were found in groups fed with 0.25% and 0.35% nucleotides, respectively. The other measured factors had no significant difference (P≤0.05). Therefore, it could be said that with regard to the limited capacity of cells to synthesize nucleotides, external preparing of nucleotides could result in the production of needed nucleotides and an increase of its production speed, especially during stress. Such preparation can also improve fish physiology and health status.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Nucleotides ; Blood factors ; Serum Biochemical Parameters ; Persian sturgeon ; Acipenser persicus ; Juveniles ; Dietary ; Haematological ; Biochemical ; Iran
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  • 239
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    Isolation, identification and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Actinomycetes from marine sediments of Persian Gulf (Hormozgan Province) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22100 | 18721 | 2018-02-08 03:01:57 | 22100 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Actinomycetes are gram positive and filamentous bacteria and produce a major portion of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify antibiotic-producing actinomycetes from Persian Gulf marine sediments within Hormozgan province territory. Among 3 selected isolation media the M1 medium showed highest efficacy by isolation of 32 colonies. Heat treatment of 100 ºC for 60 min isolated 26 colonies and showed the best result. Approximately 60 Actinomycete isolates were obtained from 10 sediment samples. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity showed that 33, 20 and 30 % of isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity against S.aureus, E.coli and C.albicans respectively.Morphologic, physiologic and chemotaxonomic studies showed that selected potent isolates consist of Ifro12, Ifro 33 and Ifro 47 belonged to Streptomyces genus. Molecular genetic studies based on 16s rRNA gene analysis revealed that Ifro12, Ifro 33 and Ifro 47 exhibited 99 % similarity to S.olivaceus, S.cacaoi and S.variabilis respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ifro12 and Ifro 47 derived from a common ancestor. The results of the present research indicated that these three isolates could be considered as promising candidates for antibiotic discovery researches.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Marine Actinomycetes ; Antimicrobial activity ; Marine sediments ; Persian Gulf ; Hormozgan Province ; Isolation ; Identification ; Evaluation ; Iran
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  • 240
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    Effect of synthetic and algal astaxanthin levels on egg astaxanthin content of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22105 | 18721 | 2018-02-08 03:42:11 | 22105 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: This research was done in a trout farm in Kohkiloyeh and Boyer- Ahmad province. The main object of this study was comparing of two sources of astaxanthin (synthetic or algae) in feed on astaxanthin content of egg in rainbow trout. It was considered seven groups consisting six treatments (T1-T6) in two different astaxanthin sources and a control (C) (without astaxanthin). So, algal astaxanthin (haematococcus pluvialis) in the three levels of 2.67, 3.55 and 8gr/kg food (T1,T2, T3); and synthetic astaxanthin in three levels of 40, 80 and 120mg/kg food in diet (T4, T5, T6) examined on 140 trout broods (3-4 years) for 4 months, before the spawning season. Astaxanthin content of obtained eggs from all treatments in spawning season was measured by HPLC apparatus. The highest and the lowest amount of egg astaxanthin were observed in T3 and C respectively. In each astaxanthin group, a significant difference was obtained between averages in treatments (P 〈0.05), as T3 was the highest between them. No significant difference was observed between synthetic astaxanthin treatments (T4, T5 and T6) and T1 (the lowest level of algal astaxanthin). Treatments T2 and T6 also had the same function in term of saving astaxanthin in eggs. It also concluded that natural astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis) for the reason that contains supplementary nutritious, is extraordinary preferable than synthetic astaxanthin to improve astaxanthin content of egg in rainbow trout.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; rainbow trout ; egg astaxanthin content ; algal astaxanthin ; Haematococcus ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Iran pluvialis
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  • 241
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    Effects of starvation and refeeding on the hematological and serum parameters and body proximate composition of Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) fingerligs (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22106 | 18721 | 2018-02-08 04:00:18 | 22106 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of periods of starvation and refeeding on some hematological, serum parameters and whole body proximate composition in Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius). 240 samples of the Caspian salmon with an average weight of 13.73 ± 0.63 g were kept in 300 liter polyethylene tanks. Samples were fed twice a day with Rainbow trout commercial feed to the point of satiation. This experiment lasted for 10 weeks with control (without starvation) and 3 starvation treatments including 2, 4 and 6 weeks of starvation followed by 4 weeks of refeeding with 3 replicates. During rearing period, the average of water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were 14.15±0.27 ° C, 8.44±0.17 and 6.34±0.24 mgl-1, respectively. At the end of starvation period, the results of blood parameters showed that starvation significantly increased red blood cells and hematocrit in treatment with 2 weeks of starvation (0.893±0.58 × 106/mm3) and 6 weeks of starvation (42.33±3.21 %, P〈0.05), respectively. At the end of trial, the highest value of white blood cells belonged to 6 weeks starvation treatment (14.2±0.12 × 103/mm3) while the lowest (10±0.60 × 103/mm3) was observed in the control. Results of the biochemical serum parameters indicated the lowest amount of total protein (1.71±0.88 mg/dl) and glucose (41.35±1.44 mg/dl) were obtained in 6 weeks starvation treatment, right after the starvation period (P〈0.05). At the end of the starvation period, the whole body protein content of control was lower than other treatments (P〈0.05), but after 2 weeks of refeeding, whole body protein content of 2 and 4 weeks starvation treatments didn't show any significant difference compared to control (P〉0.05). At the end of the experiment, the lowest value of lipid belonged to starvation treatments while the highest value was observed in control (P〈0.05). Generally, this can be inferred that Caspian salmon fish can tolerate starvation for 2 weeks without any negative impact on blood and serum biochemical parameters and for 4 weeks on whole body proximate composition.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Caspian salmon ; starvation ; refeeding ; proximate composition ; blood ; parameters ; Salmo trutta caspius ; fingerligs ; hematological ; serum ; Iran
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  • 242
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    The study of stability and changes poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), coefficient of the (Polyen Index) in burger production of Kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during storage at - 18 °C (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22113 | 18721 | 2018-02-08 08:19:25 | 22113 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-26
    Description: Berger is one of the most significant products as fish paste, now produced of red meat and red meat waste with different qualities, does not have much nutritional value .Using fish as an alternative to red meat, diversify and enhance the quality of nutritional value and the ability to use for all ages in the community of the aims of this study were , in addition the combined use of a cultured marine species is effective and to raise the index of unsaturated fatty acids and amino acids in the final product .In this study the effects of different replacement of kilka meat instead of Silver carp in the preparation of the consolidated burger on the acceptance, as well as changes unsaturated fatty acids and poly factor that it considered during 5 months of the best treatment choice for industrial production to be introduced industry Therefore 4 treatments Burger compilation as follows: Treatment (control), combination of burger with %100 Silver carp meat , treatment 1, combination of burger with %100 Kilka meat, treatment 2, combination of burger with %75 + 25 Kilka and Silver carp meat , treatment 3, combination of burger with %50 + 50 Kilka and Silver carp meat , after adding the %5.6 flour and breadcrumbs, %6 onions, %5soy, %3.25tomato paste,% 0.15 lemon juice,%2.1 garlic and egg powder and spices and %1.2salt to treatments , after preparation and packaging of the kept at cold room(-18o c )was evaluated . According to treatment 3 test (50% Kilka meat and 50% Silver carp meat) with the other treatments had significant difference (p 〈0.05) and had higher levels of unsaturated fatty acid. Also the treatment2, control and 1 respectively are secondary priorities. According to the goals of this project that combine Kilka and Silver crap meat on preparation of fusion burger is to economies the final product , results within 5 months of product storage at - 18 ° C reflects the fact that product quality in the long term preservation of unsaturated fatty acids has been accepted .
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Fish Berger ; Polyen Index ; unsaturated fatty acids ; Caspian kilka ; silver carp ; Omega 3 ; Omega 6 ; Clupeonella cultriventris ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Iran
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  • 243
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    Histochemical study of the olfactory rosette of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22513 | 18721 | 2018-04-16 21:11:21 | 22513 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The distribution and localization of acid and neutral mucins in various cells lining the olfactory epithelium of Cyprinus carpio have been studied histochemically by employing the PAS-AB technique. Variations in the localization of protein in different cells lining the olfactory epithelium have been correlated with the functional significance of the region concerned. Intense localization of the silver stain in the surface of the olfactory epithelium as well as in the central core confirms the presence of different types of neurons. The localization and functional variations of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase) in the cells lining the olfactory epithelium of C. carpio have been discussed.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Mucopolysaccharides ; Protein ; Neuron ; ALPase ; ATPase ; Olfactory Epithelium ; Cyprinus carpio ; India
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    Immunohistochemical study of the endocrine cells in the stomach and pyloric caeca of the mountain trout, Salmo trutta macrostigma (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22553 | 18721 | 2018-04-24 20:18:28 | 22553 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The endocrine cells of Salmo trutta macrostigma stomach and pyloric caeca have been investigated using immunohistochemical techniques. 8 antisera were tested and 6 of them were detected in the endocrine cells; serotonin, somatostatin, substance P, galanin, CCK and neuropeptide Y. These immunoreactive cells are described for the first time in the stomach and pyloric caeca of Salmo trutta macrostigma. Neurotensin and VIP immunoreactivity were not detected in these regions. The regional distribution and relative frequency of the endocrine cells in the stomach and pyloric caeca of Salmo trutta macrostigma were resembled (with respect to serotonin, somatostatin, CCK and substance P immunoreactivity) and showed also some particularities (presence of galanin and NPY positive cells) to those of the other salmonid species.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Endocrine cell ; Stomach ; Pyloric caeca ; Salmo trutta macrostigma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Turkey
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  • 245
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    Pb and Cd accumulation in Avicennia marina from Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22563 | 18721 | 2018-04-26 18:49:54 | 22563 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The accumulation of heavy metals Pb and Cd in the mangrove, Avicennia marina, was studied on the southern coast of Iran, particularly on and near Qeshm Island in the Persian Gulf. The samples were collected from 7 stations which they were analyzed by flame Atomic absorption spectrophotometer after chemical digestion. Maximum Pb and Cd in leaves are (34.50, 3.52 ppm) and minimum of them are in stems (2.00, 0.05 ppm) and the accumulation of metals in leaves is more than stems. The different between monitored stations and accumulation of metals in tissues (P≥0.01) was not significant and there was no significant relationship between the leaves and stems of metals concentration (P≥0.05) but it was significant relationship between concentration of Pb and Cd in leaf tissue and stem tissue alone (P〈0.05). After entering these metals to food chain, are accumulated in human body and this matter may cause some disease by receiving metals more than provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of lead and cadmium, in adults which in 0.025 and 0.007 mg/kg body weight with standards ENHIS.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Pollution ; Heavy metal ; Avicennia marina ; Qeshm Island ; Persian Gulf ; Iran
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  • 246
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    Concentrations of metals in water, sediment and tissues of Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 from Mogan Lake (Turkey) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22578 | 18721 | 2018-04-27 06:27:11 | 22578 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: In this study, some metals (aluminium, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, lead, zinc and vanadium) and metalloid (silicon) were determined in water, sediment and some tissues of fish Cyprinus carpio from Mogan Lake. Fish samples were caught in March 2007. As a result of the examination of metals in the water aluminium has the lowest and silicon has the highest concentration. In sediment samples taken from Mogan Lake it was determined that silicon had the highest and lead had the lowest concentrations. Respectively accumulation of metals in gills, muscles and livers was observed to follow the order of Zn 〉 Fe 〉 Si 〉 Al 〉 Mn 〉 Pb 〉 Cr 〉 V, Si 〉 Fe 〉 Zn 〉 Al 〉 Pb 〉 V 〉 Cr 〉 Mn and Fe 〉 Zn 〉 Al 〉 Si 〉 Pb 〉 Mn 〉 V 〉 Cr 〉 Cu.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Pollution ; Metal ; Cyprinus carpio ; Concentrations ; Tissue ; Sediment ; Mogan Lake ; Turkey
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    Textural and chemical attributes of sausages developed from talang queenfish (Scomberoides commersonnianuus) mince and surimi (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22682 | 18721 | 2018-05-15 22:02:33 | 22682 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Talang Queenfish (Scomberoides commersonnianuus) is relatively inexpensive fish with low consumption in Fars Province, South of Iran. In this research which was performed in 2011, sausages were produced from mince and surimi of this species and some physicochemical attributes of the products were investigated during 60 days of cold storage at 4 °C. According to the results, free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide and TBARS values of minced fish sausage were significantly higher than those for surimi sausage (p〈.05). It was found that minced fish sausage significantly had (P〈.05) more breaking and gel strength compared to the surimi sausage at each time of preservation. There were significant differences (P〈.05) in L*, a* and whiteness colorimetric parameters of the sausages. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that the surface porosity increased during preservation. This study demonstrated that surimi sausage had better textural and chemical characteristics than minced fish sausage during cold storage.
    Description: Article pages are not numbered.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Minced fish ; Surimi ; Sausage ; Colorimetry ; Texture ; Iran
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    Effects of whey protein edible coating on bacterial, chemical and sensory characteristics of frozen common kilka (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22702 | 18721 | 2018-05-16 18:34:53 | 22702 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The objective of current study was to investigate the effects of whey protein coating on the quality of common kilka during frozen storage period. For this study, common kilka was coated with 12% whey protein concentration. Also, non-coated kilka was used as a control sample. Coated and non-coated samples were then stored at -18°C for six months. Bacterial, chemical and sensory properties of the samples were determined in each month. Results showed that total bacterial counts and Staphylococcus bacteria count were lower in the test samples compared to the control samples. Coliform, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas bacterial contamination were negative till the end of the storage period in the covered samples. Chemical factors consisting of humidity, protein, lipid, ash and calories were higher in the test samples compared to the control samples. Peroxide value, free fatty acids, thiobarbituric acid, TVB-N and pH were lower in the test samples. Sensory tests had a better quality in the test samples compared to the control samples. No statistically significant decreases were observed in chemical factors in the covered samples compared to the control samples (p〈.05). In sensory specifications, there was a significant difference between the covered samples and the control samples (p〈.05). According to the results of experiments and statistical analysis, the covered samples had a favorable quality till the end of the storage period but the control samples had lost their quality.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Edible film ; Whey protein ; Chemical analysis ; Sensory analysis ; Kilka fish ; Iran
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    Evaluating the bioaccumulation of nickel and vanadium and their effects on the growth of Artemia urmiana and A. franciscana (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22589 | 18721 | 2018-04-27 07:18:49 | 22589 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Although there is growing evidence that metals can be toxic to various aquatic species, there is still insufficient knowledge to integrate this information in environmental risk assessment procedures. In this study, we have investigated bioaccumulation and effects of nickel and vanadium on mortality and growth of Artemia urmiana and Artemia franciscana. The in 24 h of A. urmiana and A. franciscana exposed to nickel and vanadium were 0.0072, 0.0114 mg/l and 0.0107 and 0.011 mg/l respectively. In growth experiments, the length of animals was considered as growth index. Results indicates that the mean length of animals in (0.001, 0.002 and 0.003 mg/l) Ni and V on first, 5th, 7th and 11th days of life significantly decreases in comparison with control groups (p〈0.05).Bioaccumulation of Ni and V in the same concentration, after 24 h in nauplius and also in adults of A. urmiana and A. fransicana were statistically significantly higher than of the control groups (P 〈 0.05). Both species accumulate nickel and vanadium in their bodies. However A. urmiana is more resistant to the heavy metals. Results show, nickel is less toxic than vanadium on Artemia.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Pollution ; Nickel ; Vanadium ; Bioaccumulation ; Artemia urmiana ; Artemia franciscana ; Iran
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    Nutritional composition of seaweeds from the Northern Persian Gulf (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22593 | 18721 | 2018-04-27 07:28:30 | 22593 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Nutritional composition ; Minerals ; Seaweed ; Persian Gulf ; Iran
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  • 251
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    Effect of cryopreservation on lipid composition and antioxidant enzyme activity of seabass (Lates calcarifer) sperm (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22856 | 18721 | 2018-05-30 19:16:54 | 22856 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: Cryopreservation of seabass (Lates calcarifer) semen is an approach to increase the quantity and quality of seabass fry in aquaculture. However, cold shock can induce sperm injury leading to structural damage of the plasma membrane and loss of motility. Thus, the effect of cryopreservation on fatty acid composition and antioxidant enzyme activities of seabass sperm was determined. In cryopreserved spermatozoa, the proportion of C16:0 was significantly increased (p=0.05), while the proportion of C23:0, C22:6 n3, C22:5 n6, and C18:1n9t decreased significantly after freeze-thawing compared with that in fresh semen (p≤0.05). The relative content of saturated fatty acids significantly increased (p〈0.05) but that of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased (p=0.05) in cryopreserved spermatozoa. Consequently, the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acid was greatly decreased in frozen sperm (p〈0.05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in frozen-thawed sperm increased significantly while activity of catalase did not differ at p〉0.05. Malondialdehyde levels increased after cryopreservation compared to fresh semen (p=0.05). These results indicated that an increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in cryopreserved spermatozoa did not efficiently scavenge reactive oxygen species leading to an increase in lipid peroxidation, a reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids and finally irreversible loss of sperm motility.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Lates calcarifer ; Sperm ; Cryopreservation ; Fatty acid composition ; Antioxidant enzymes ; Biochemistry ; Thailand
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    Efficacy of clove oil, benzocaine, eugenol, 2-phenoxyethanol as anaesthetics on shabbout fish (Barbus grypus Heckel, 1843) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22881 | 18721 | 2018-05-31 21:10:19 | 22881 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: To our knowledge, no previous anaesthetic experiments are conducted on shabbout fish. The results from the present study indicated that the induction times decreased significantly as the doses increased in all the anaesthetics (p〈0.05). Induction and recovery times were significantly affected by the interaction between concentration and anaesthetic (p〈0.05). The effective doses were: 25 and 50 µL L^-1 at 24°C clove oil and for eugenol, 50 mg L^-1 for benzocaine and 500 µL L^-1 for 2-phenoxyethanol. In conclusion, the four anaesthetic agents could be used as sedatives in culture of shabbout fish.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Shabbout fish ; Barbus grypus ; Herbal medicines ; Chemical anaesthetics ; Turkey
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    Persian sturgeon growth hormone elaboration and purification (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22837 | 18721 | 2018-05-25 22:34:14 | 22837 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: In this study Escherichia coli DE3 containing expression vector (pET21a) with cloned Persian sturgeon growth hormone (psGH) gene was grown in 10 mL LB broth on a 150 rpm shaker, at the temperature of 37 °C. At the late log phase (determined by OD standard curve) 100 µL isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) was added for induction of GH synthesis. Samples were taken every 2 hours and after bacterial cells lysis crude extracts with recombinant proteins inclusion bodies (IB) were loaded on 15% SDS-PAGE gel. Thenafter staining, comparative concentrations of rpsGH were measured by densitometric scanning of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel it was more than 90 %. The maximum yield of GH was observed after 4 hours of growth. To recover active psGH from inclusion bodies we used imidozole to obtain most of the total recombinant protein in the soluble fraction. Purification of 6xhisN tag recombinant psGH has been performed using affinity chromatography where nickel was bound to an agarose bead by chelation using NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) beads. The overall yield of the purified monomeric psGH was approximately 50% of the initial IB proteins. The purification manipulations including IB isolation and solubilisation, protein refolding by dialyze and affinity chromatography ensure yields of biologically active psGH up to 30%. This study shows that, the affinity chromatography is a powerful and very specific method for recombinant proteins purification of psGH.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Persian sturgeon ; Growth hormone ; Purification ; Affinity chromatography ; Biotechnology ; Iran
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    The impact of lipid content, cooking and reheating on volatile compounds found in narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorous commerson) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22426 | 18721 | 2018-04-06 22:22:56 | 22426 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Effects of four cooking methods (microwave cooking, grilling, steaming and shallow fat frying) and reheating by microwave on volatile profile in S. commerson were evaluated. Thirty compounds were identified in GC-MS analysis of raw samples. The number of volatile compounds had increased to 36, 46, 45 and 45 compounds in microwave cooked, grilled, steamed and shallow fat fried samples, respectively. Total concentrations of volatile had increased from 72.80 to 111.06, 74.25, 112.19 and 92.37 μg/kg, respectively. The concentration and new flavor compounds were increased by chill-reheating, due to the fast oxidation. The concentration of alcohol and aldehydes increased significantly (P〈0.05). The hexanal amount also increased in all samples and indicated a marked development of warmed-over flavor. Quantitative and qualitative (P〈0.05) differences were observed in volatile compounds between raw and cooked samples.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Scomberomorous commerson ; Fish volatile compounds ; Cooking ; Chill-Reheating ; GC-MS ; Malaysia ; Iran
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    Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of some Iranian medical herbs against Yersinia ruckeri (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22936 | 18721 | 2018-06-06 14:59:32 | 22936 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: Increasing bacterial resistance to commercial antibiotics has led to considering medicinal herb applications. This study aimed to identify chemical composition of essential oil of some native medical herbs and their antibacterial activity against Yersinia ruckeri compared with Enrofloxacin in in vitro experiments. The antibacterial activities of ethanolic extracts and essential oils of Eryngium campestre, Pimpinella affinis, Mentha piperita, Achillea wilhelmsii and Cuminum cyminum were analyzed by disk diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) methods in in vitro. Also, the oil constituents of the mentioned plants were analyzed by gas chromatography. The MIC value of the ethanolic extracts and essential oils were 31.2-500 µg/mL and 15.6-250 µg/mL, respectively, while the MBC of the mentioned extracts and essential oil were 62.4-500 µg/ml and 31.2-250 µg/ml, respectively. The results showed that the C. cyminum, E. campestre and M. piperita could be introduced as more effective antimicrobial candidates to aquaculture industry.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Antibacterial activity ; Chemical composition ; Iranian medical herbs ; Yersinia ruckeri ; fish disease ; Iran
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    Distribution pattern of heavy metals in the surficial sediment of Gorgan Bay (South Caspian Sea, Iran) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22939 | 18721 | 2018-06-06 15:14:14 | 22939 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: The Gorgan Bay is an important ecosystem receiving discharge from their tributaries. In this study, concentration of Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe, Al, Cu and As was seasonally determined at 22 sampling points during 2012-2013. Sediment samples were collected using a Van Veen grab. The levels of heavy metals were determined by ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry) and AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). The percentages of sand, silt, clay and TOM (Total Organic Matter) in the sediment samples were determined (44.4± 15, 53.4 ± 14, and 2.2± 2.2 and 7.2% ± 1.6, respectively). The results showed that range of Al, As, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sediment samples were 0.4-2%, 2.6-8.6 ppm, 8.1-12.4 ppm, 0.9-1.2%, 11.5-16.8 ppm, 5.9-13.6 ppm and 21.8-28.8 ppm, respectively. In spring, both Al and Ni were higher than the guideline level. In the event that arsenic was exceeds the guidelines in summer. In general, according to the results of EF (Enrichment Factor) and PLI (Pollution Load Index) can be concluded, Gorgan Bay is low risk and not contaminated. According to the results of the nmMDS (non-metric Multidimensional Scaling), PCA (Principal Components Analysis) and the map of distribution of heavy metals, it seems Gorgan Bay are divided into two separate zones (the eastern and the western parts).
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Pollution ; Distribution pattern ; Heavy metals ; Sediment ; Gorgan Bay ; Biology ; Physiology ; Caspian Sea ; Iran
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    The effect of black glutinous rice bran (Oryza sativa L.) in diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22964 | 18721 | 2018-06-07 21:46:15 | 22964 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: The effect of black glutinous rice bran inclusion used in diets of Nile tilapia was studied in fish with an initial weight of 8.76±0.17g per fish and fed with experimental diets supplemented with black glutinous rice bran at 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg^-1 for 60 days. The results of phytochemical analyses of black rice bran showed that the total anthocyanin, phenolic, tannin and phytic acid contents were 52.42±0.23, 3.77±0.03, 0.32±0.13, 0.14±0.01 mg/100g, respectively. The properties of black glutinous rice bran acted as an antioxidant, and the inhibitory percentage of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) was significantly different (p〈0.05) on storage in different conditions of 4 and 25 ºC. Black glutinous rice bran stored at 4 °C showed significantly higher antioxidant activities analyzed by DPPH and TBARs tests (p〈0.05). The percentage of digestibility coefficients and protein digestibility in test diets ranged from 75.21-81.95 and 87.37-91.87 (p〉0.05), respectively. The highest average daily gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were observed in fish fed with the diet containing 150 and 200 g kg^-1 black rice bran (p〈0.05). Feed conversion ratio was slightly better in fish fed the diet supplemented with 200 g kg^-1 black glutinous rice bran. The serum biochemical values including total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were not significantly different in the various experimental groups (p〉0.05). Therefore, supplementation of black glutinous rice bran in tilapia diets at a rate of 200 g kg^-1 resulted in better growth and had no adverse effects on digestibility and serum biochemistry.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Black glutinous rice bran ; Tilapia ; Phytochemical ; Antioxidant ; Growth ; Serum biochemistry ; aquaculture ; Thailand
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    Fatty acid composition, chemical composition and processing yield of traditional hot smoked common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22953 | 18721 | 2018-06-07 19:14:36 | 22953 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: The main objective of this study was to describe the proper technological process of hot smoking of common carp as well as to determine the yield of the final product and also proximate and fatty acid composition of hot-smoked common carp meat. The average yield of smoked common carp was 82.19% based on weight of eviscerated and descaled fish or 47% based on weight of live fish. The smoking process reduced moisture content by 19% and increased protein by 35% and lipid by 28%. Increase of cholesterol level from 50 to 51.93% during the smoking process was not statistically significant. Unsaturated fatty acid content was found to be higher in smoked than in raw common carp, mainly due to the increase in the contents of both monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. These values were higher compared to those of saturated fatty acids which were almost the same in raw (25.38%) and in smoked (25.5%) carp. Furthermore, n-3 content was not affected by the smoking process and the n-3/n-6 ratio. The results of the present research indicate that hot smoking process affects the chemical and fatty acid composition of traditionally hot smoked common carp.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Common carp ; Fatty acids ; Manufacturing ; Yield ; Proximate composition ; Fish processing ; Serbia
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    A review on the role of inositol in aquaculture (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22960 | 18721 | 2018-06-07 21:18:33 | 22960 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-11
    Description: Inositol is usually classified as an essential vitamin for most animals, and is recognised as a part of the B-complex vitamins. Among all other inositol isomer forms, myo-inositol possesses biological activity. It is found in the brain, skeletal, heart, and main reproductive tissues and exists as a structural component of phosphatidylinositol in biological cell membranes. Myo-inositol, also acts as a growth factor and affects the antioxidant capacity and oxidative status of cells. It is a major intracellular osmolyte that can be accumulated to protect cells from a variety of stresses and can also participate in transmembrane signal transfer. Myo-inositol is synthesised by various animal tissues and microorganisms in gut and fulfills the requirement for a few fish species. However, the supply of inositol by exogenous source (the diet) is required in most fish and shrimp for preventing deficiency signs such as inefficiency in digestion and food utilization, poor growth, fin erosion, dark skin colouration, and high accumulation of lipid in liver and muscle. The current paper aimed to provide a review on the published studies on the role of inositol in aquaculture.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Inositol ; Functions ; Requirement ; Deficiency ; Aquaculture ; Iran
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    Study on nursery growth performance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931) under different feeding levels in zero water exchange system (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22966 | 18721 | 2018-06-08 20:17:50 | 22966 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Effect of different feeding levels on water quality, growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei post larvae were studied in zero water exchange system. Shrimp post larvae with mean weight of 74.46± 6.17 mg were fed for 32 days in 300L fiberglass tanks containing 130L water at density of 1 post larvae L^-1. There were five treatments including control and four biofloc treatments with different feeding levels of 15%, 15%, 12%, 9%, 0% of body weight per day, respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences in water parameters such as dissolved oxygen and pH between different treatments (p〉0.05). There were significant differences in water ammonia level between different treatments (p〈0.05). The maximum (0.39 mg/L) and minimum (0.12 mg/L) levels of ammonia were observed in control and biofloc treatment with minimum feeding level (9%BW/day), respectively. The highest body weight gain (1.55g), growth rate (48.50 mg per day), specific growth rate (9.64%/day), biomass gain (182.1g) and body length increase (33.62mm) were observed in biofloc treatment with maximum feeding level. The highest feed conversion ratio and the lowest feed efficiency were obtained in control (p〈0.05). The proximate body composition analysis revealed an increase in lipid, protein and ash in biofloc treatments. Results showed that using biofloc technology can decrease water exchange amount and improve feed utilization in nursery culture of Pacific white shrimp. Moreover, presence of biofloc improved the water quality which led to the enhancement in growth performance in nursery stage of shrimp.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Biofloc technology ; Zero-water exchange system ; Water quality ; Growth performance ; Body composition ; Nursery ; Pacific white shrimp ; aquaculture ; Iran
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    Analysis of physicochemical characteristics of some freshwater bodies in Essien Udim Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria (2021)
    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23044 | 19325 | 2018-03-05 20:45:24 | 23044 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: The physical and chemical characteristics of freshwater bodies Ikot Ebak and Abeneyentem streams in Essien Udim Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were studied from (July December 1996). The mean values obtained in the two water bodies were pH (6.8~c0.12, 6.8~c0.09, respectively). Conductivity (4.9~c2.26, 5.0~c2.09 iScm-1), total dissolved solid (16~c7.58, 37~c26.9 mg/l), TSS (46~c26.0, 53~c53.1)g/l), alkalinity (17.5~c7.27, 10.7~c8S MgCaCo3/1), DO (6.98~C1.46, 8.3~C29.0mg/1), BOD (2.65~c2.44, 3.15~c2.79mg/1), Salinity (0.41~c0.12, 0.31~c0.04%o') total hardness (0.64~c0.21, 0.84~c0.42mg/l, N03-N (0.31~cO.26, 0.35~c0.29mg/l), and PD4-P (0.022~c0.0199 0.023~c.022mg/1), respectively. There were significant difference in the means of the parameters in the two water bodies except TDS, Alkalinity and Hardness. The water bodies were found to be slightly acidic with low conductivity. The properties in the water bodies were in conformity with international standards for both drinking and aquatic life.
    Description: includes:- 2 tables.;6 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Nigeria ; Ikot Ebak ; Nigeria ; Abeneyentem ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Alkalinity ; Salinity ; Dissolved oxygen
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    Short communication: Determination of total mercury in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, large scaled barb, Barbus grypus, tiger tooth croaker, Otolithes ruber and from surface waters in Khuzestan, Iran (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23122 | 18721 | 2018-06-18 16:57:22 | 23122 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Fishes are a valuable source of dietary protein and minerals for seafood consumers and are also used in pharmaceutical products (Mozaffarian, 2009). Over the past several decades aquatic ecosystems have been extensively contaminated with pollutants released from domestic and industrial waste waters and other anthropogenic activities in Khuzestan, Iran. Heavy metals such as mercury are considered as one of the four most important pollutants of aquatic life because of their high toxicity and ability to bioaccumulate in tissue of aquatic organisms (Hajeb et al., 2009). The toxicity of Hg is highly dependent on its chemical form. Organic mercury compounds are more toxic than inorganic mercury salts which may bioaccumulate to levels that could increase health risks to seafood consumers (Syversen and Kaur, 2012). Since most mercury in fish tissue is present as methyl mercury (Me-Hg), it has been recommended that T-Hg in tissues can serve as a surrogate for Me-Hg (Kannan et al., 1998).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Pollution ; Fish ; Mercury ; Muscle ; Water ; Khuzestan Province ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Osmotic dehydration of anchovy fillets in salt solution: Optimization by using statistical experimental design (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23152 | 18721 | 2018-06-18 21:45:21 | 23152 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Anchovy fillets that had undergone osmotic dehydration and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the influence and optimal values of the process variables. Also the optimal processing conditions were determined in order to reduce the solid gain and water loss ratio (SG/WL) and firmness for the anchovy fillets. A three-level central composite rotatable design (CCRD) involving the variables such as temperature (20-45°C), processing time (19-221 min)and salt concentration (12-28%, w/w) were developed for this purpose. Data obtained from RSM analysis on the SG/WL and texture property of anchovy fillets were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and they were analyzed using a second-order polynomial equation which resulted in the optimum process levels.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Osmotic dehydration ; Anchovy ; Central composite rotatable design ; Response surface methodology ; Turkey
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    Biota-sediment accumulation factor and concentration of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, As, Ni, Pb and Cu) in sediments and tissues of Chiton lamyi (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Chitonidae) in Chabahar Bay, Iran (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23147 | 18721 | 2018-06-18 20:31:22 | 23147 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Heavy metals and some organic substances which are drained into the aquatic environments and cannot be decomposed or eliminated will sink into sediments or find their way into different levels of food chain. Bioaccumulation is the process of continuous deposition and aggregation of these substances into the body tissue of living organisms. Mollusks are remarkably appropriate to be used as bio-indicators because of their motionless or almost sessile nature, relatively high abundance, selective absorption of certain ions, and worldwide distribution in marine and inland aquatic habitats. Chiton lamyi is a sedentary species from the phylum, Polyplacophora, which is usually abundant on the rocky shores and intertidal zone of marine environments. Sediment and Chiton samples were taken from four stations of Chabahar Bay in autumn 2013. After acid digestion of samples, the concentration of heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, arsenic, nickel, lead and copper) were measured by the graphite furnace atomic absorption apparatus, and the bioaccumulation factor in relation to sediment was calculated. The highest concentration value was calculated as 3.28 for cadmium in the Hafte Tir station. The results of this study indicated that chitons can be used as an appropriate bio-indicator for heavy metals particularly cadmium pollution in the marine environment.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Environment ; Pollution ; Biota-sediment accumulation factor ; Heavy metals ; Bioaccumulation ; Bio-indicator ; Mollusks ; Chabahar Bay ; Iran
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    Proximate composition and amino acids profile of smoked catfish Clarias gariepinus and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (2021)
    FISON | Lagos, Nigeria
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23226 | 19325 | 2018-03-18 14:51:17 | 23226 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: The proximate composition and amino acids assay of smoked Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus were determined using standard procedures. The mean proximate composition of Oreochromis niloticus are 8.9% moisture, 16.00% lipids, 5.6% ash, 44.5% crude protein, 0.42% crude fiber and 24.9% NFE while Clarias gariepinus has 8.19% moisture, 15.55% lipids, 4.725 ash, 40.46% crude protein, 0.50% crude fiber and 30.58% NFE. There is therefore a nutrient variation between the 2 species of fish Oreochromis niloticus has higher crude protein, lipids, moisture and ash content than Clarias gariepinus.The amino acids profile shows that both fishes have 17 amino acids. Apart from Tryptophan, the following essential amino acids Histidine, Methionine, Threonine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Valine and Phenylalanine are present in both fish. Oreochromis niloticus however has higher quantities of the essential amino acids except for Histidine than Clarias gariepinus
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;2 figs.;7 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Nigeria ; Kainji L. ; freshwater environment ; Amino acids ; Ash content ; Lipids ; Organic compounds ; Moisture ; Proteins
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    Evaluations off heavy metals in fish from Lake Geriyo Yola, Nigeria using x-ray fluorescence technique (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23338 | 19325 | 2018-04-07 17:17:18 | 23338 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The evaluation of Cr. Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn,As and Pb concentrations in Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus from Lake Geriyo Yola,Adamawa, Nigeria using X - ray fluorescence (XRF) technique is discussed. The analytical samples are irradiated with high energy electrons of 109Cd to produce fluorescent X-rays was produced which passes to the Silicon-lithium detector through Mo target as a source of monochromatic X-rays. The spectrum of energy generated on the detector was processed by a Multi- Channel Analyzer to obtain analytical data. The intensity of the fluorescent X-rays on the detector is proportional to the concentration of the individual element of interest in the sample. This method can identify up to 30 or more elements at the same time. The results showed varying levels of heavy metals in the fishes. The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Ni in the fishes were much higher than WHO and PEPA maximum permissible limits, while the concentrations of Zn and Pb were lower than the standards. The results suggest that the lake is polluted with Cr, Mn, Cu and Ni and the consumption of fishes of the lake is life threatening to man.
    Description: Includes:- 1table.;11 refs.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Chemistry ; Pollution ; Clarias gariepinus ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Nigeria ; Geriyo L. ; freshwater environment ; Heavy metals ; Fish ; X-ray fluorescence analysis ; Pollution ; Pollution effects
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    Effects of salinity on larval dimension of Tilapia guineensis (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23422 | 19325 | 2018-04-25 19:24:46 | 23422 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Tilapia guineensis eggs were spawned and hatched in different salinities (17, 12, 7, 5, 2 and 0) ppt. The study was conducted in eight replicates. The aim of the investigation was to ascertain disparity in hatching size of Tilapia guineensis attributable to salinity. Immediately hatching was observed, body weight of five hatchlings in each replicate was individually weighed in milligramme. The individual total length of the five hatchlings was also measured in millimeter. The height of the yolk sac larva was determined with micro-metre screw gauge graduated in millimeter from the top of the yolk sac to the dorsal region of the larva. Data obtained were used to calculate yolk sac volume. Significant differences (P〈0.01) were observed in body weight and total length of larvae hatched in different salinities. The heaviest and longest larvae were hatched in 12 ppt saline water. The yolk sac volume of larvae hatched in lower salinities were significantly higher (P〈0.01) than the yolk sac volume of larvae hatched in higher salinities. The smallest yolk sac volume was recorded in 12ppt saline water. Our findings show that salinity could be manipulated for economic production of heavier seeds of Tilapia.
    Description: Includes:- 5 tables.;6 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Tilapia guineensis ; Nigeria ; brackishwater environment ; Salinity effects ; Larvae
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    Comparative analysis of physicochemical characteristics of ABU and Zaria Dam (2021)
    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23440 | 19325 | 2018-05-02 08:25:12 | 23440 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The physical and chemical parameters of ABU Dam and Zaria Dam were carried out between September and October 2009. The results obtained in the two water bodies were temperature 27.7 0C, pH (7.5 and 7.3), dissolved oxygen (5.8 mg/l and 5.0 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (1.74 mg/l and 2. 16 mg/l), alkalinity (58 mg CaC03/l and 49 mgCaCO3/l) P04-P (2.47 mg/l and 1.59 mg/l) NO3-N (3.67 mg/l and 3.47 mg/l), conductivity (54.70 ~ks-1 and 42.48 ~ks-1), total hydrocarbon (TH) (47.66 mg/l) and 48.00 mg/l) and total dissolved solids (32.68 mg/l and 25.35 mg/l) respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean values of the parameters (P〉0.05) except conductivity and total dissolved solids. The water bodies were found to be neutral with high conductivity. All the properties in the water bodies were in conformity with international standards both for drinking and aquatic life.
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;7 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Nigeria ; Zaria Dam ; Nigeria ; ABU Dam ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Pollution
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    Relationship among Tilapia guineensis fingerlings abundance and water quality variations in a brackish water reservoir in Lagos (2021)
    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23442 | 19325 | 2018-05-02 08:28:15 | 23442 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: In recent times there has been an upsurge in the culture of Tilapia in Nigeria resulting in increased demand for the fingerlings which is hardly satisfied. This is due to increasing demand for table size tilapia as food fish and under-sized tilapia in the fish meal and fish canning industries in Nigeria. Collection of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings from the wild, to augment hatchery production, has been the practice and this is subject to environmental fluctuations. Multivariate regression and correlation analyses of accumulated data were used to investigate the effects of changes in water quality parameters on abundance of fingerlings of Tilapia guineensis in a brackishwater habitat in Lagos. Dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity and secchi transparency were found to be the most dominant factors affecting the abundance of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings in the Lagos lagoon. Peak period of abundance was closely associated with period of low salinity (0.50%o to 5.60%o), which coincided with the period of low transparency and low DO in the rainy season. The correlation analyses of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings with the water quality parameters yielded the following correlation coefficients (r)- 0.598; (salinity); -0.644 (transparency); -0.710 (DO); -0.566; (temperature) and 0.129 (pH). The abundance of Tilapia guineensis fingerlings in the Lagoon was ultimately defined by a suitable regression equation. This result is expected to optimize the collection of fingerlings of Tilapia guineensis from the wild and boost food fish security in Nigeria and elsewhere.
    Description: Includes:- 1 table.;1 fig.;( refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Tilapia guineensis ; Nigeria ; Port Harcourt ; brackishwater environment ; Water quality ; Fingerlings ; Chemical properties ; Physicochemical properties
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    Spatial and temporal variations of physicochemical variables in a small 'pristine' stream in Niger Delta, Nigeria (2021)
    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23445 | 19325 | 2018-05-02 08:32:33 | 23445 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Spatial and temporal variations of physico-chemical variables of Onu-Iyi ?Ukwu stream were studied for 12 months from March 2005 to February 2006. Three sampling stations were established along the main stream channel from source to mouth. Spatial variation in physico-chemical parameters indicated that total alkalinity, total hardness, conductivity, and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3) recorded their highest values at the upper reaches (with values 14.0mg/l, 88.09mg/l, 17.00~kscmiscm, and 0.60mg/l respectively). Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH had their maximum values of 8.20mg/l and 6.94 at the middle reaches. Turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), temperature and phosphate-phosphorus (PO4) increased steadily from source to mouth. The observed seasonal variation indicated that wet season values were higher for all the parameters except temperature, turbidity, phosphate-phosphorus (PO4) and total alkalinity although the values were not statistically significant at p〉0.05. The correlation coefficient (r) showed no significant relationships p〈0.05 between physico-chemical parameters except DO and BOD with correlation values of (0.75 and -0.54) respectively.
    Description: includes:- 2 tables.;1 fig.;17 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Nigeria ; Onu-Iyi-Uku Stream ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Phosphates ; Phosphorus ; Turbidity
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    Limnological studies of Bosso dam and it's tributaries in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria (2021)
    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23449 | 19325 | 2018-05-02 08:39:20 | 23449 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The physico-chemical parameters of Bosso Dam were analyzed weekly for a period of six (6) weeks from 29th October, 2009. In all, six (6) stations were identified within the dam. The physico-chemical parameters assessed were: temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, hardness, conductivity and transparency. The results obtained from the analysis revealed slight variations in most parameters. There was no significant difference p〉0.05 in pH regardless of stations and weeks. But significant difference p〉0.05 were observed in dissolved oxygen, nitrate, temperature, conductivity, hardness, alkalinity, biological oxygen demand, transparency, in respect regard to stations. These variations could be due to influx of organic waste from surface run offs and inorganic waste deposited by man. The physico-chemical parameters observed, indicated that most of them fall with the recommended range or standard by the Federal Ministry of Environment
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;10 figs.;18 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Nigeria ; Bosso dam ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Chemical properties ; Physical properties ; Water properties
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    Quantitative analysis of meat properties in some tuna fishes (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23548 | 18721 | 2018-07-03 15:19:11 | 23548 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: A series of on the analyses on the meat tuna fishes from fishing till canning stage were carried out. For this experiment samples were taken from fresh defrost and canned fishes of yellow tuna, skipjack tuna, eastern little tuna, little tuna and long tail tuna. Fat content, protein, ash and moisture in the meat of several fishes were separately measured is various methods of preparation. Fishing condition, landing, freezing, defrosting and canning processes were kept under control, in order to imitate completely actual procedures in Bandar Abbass canning factory.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Meat ; Fish ; Protein ; Fishing ; Quantitative ; Yellow tuna skipjack ; Little tuna ; Long tail tuna ; Tuna fishes ; Bandar Abbass ; Hormozgan Province ; Iran
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    Physico-chemical parameters of fish ponds as it affects fish production in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24590 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 16:05:58 | 24590 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The water analysis of five selected ponds in Ado-Ekiti in Ekiti State, was carried out to determine their suitability for fish culture. Pa rameters analyzed were: Temperature, Turbidity, Carbon (IV) oxide, Alkalinity, Hardness, pH and Dissolved oxygen. Values for temperature ranged between 20.0~'C and 29.0~'C, Turbidity values were between 46.0-50.2cm, Carbon (IV) oxide: 11.5-12.2mg/litre; alkalinity: 100-120mg/liter; hardness: 110-200mg/litre; pH: 6.8-7.8 and dissolved oxygen: 5.8-6.8mg/liter. The values obtained were found to be within acceptable range for fish production.
    Description: Includes: 10 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Nigeria ; Physico-chemical parameter ; Fish pond ; Ado-Ekiti ; Fish production ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Study on effects of Beta-glucan & extraction of Sargassum & Padina algae in prevention and treatment of WSD in Fenneropenaeus indicus (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25179 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:23:17 | 25179 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study two species of algae, Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergeseni that found plenteously in Persian Gulf and Bushehr coast, were collected and hot water extracts of them were lyophilized. F. indicus (11.32±1.20 g), after two weeks adaptation in Shoghab research station were immersed in seawater (39 ppt and 25±1 ○C) containing hot-water extract of each brown algae, S.glaucescens and P.boergeseni, at 100, 300 and 500 mg/l concentration, Survival rate and immunological parameters (total haemocyte count (THC), total plasma protein (TPP), Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity) were examined. In addition effect of dietary administration of beta 1, 3 1, 6 glucan on prevention of White Spot Disease and immunological parameters of shrimp were investigated. According to results, immersion in seawater containing 300 and 500 mg/l concentration of algal hot-water extract after 2 and 3 hours or oral administration of beta 1,3 1,6 glucan at level of 10 g/kg diet for 14 days significantly enhanced THC, TPP, Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity. Immersion in seawater containing 100, 300 and 500 mg/l hot-water extract of S.glaucescens after 3 hours, improved the survival rate of WSSV-infected F. indicus.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr Province ; Beta-glucan ; Sargassum ; Padina algae ; WSD ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Species ; Algae ; Brown Algae ; S.glaucescens ; P.boergeseni ; Survival rate ; White Spot Disease ; Shrimp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Using biotechnology and chemical approach extraction of chitin and conversion to chitosan from the cyst shells of Artemia urmiana (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25618 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:34:53 | 25618 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Chitin and chitosan are 2 very important products of biopolymer that enjoy high consumption in industry, but their production sources are very limited. In this study, Artemia urmiana cyst shells were obtained from previously collected and stored ones in Iranian Artemia Research Center. 20 kg of Artemia urmiana cyst shells were sampled, cleaned, separated, dried and transferred to Iranian Artemia Research Center Laboratory to extract their Chitin and chitosan. Their chitin and chitosan initially were extracted using optimized common chemical methods. Their properties were compared to 2 other types of Chitin and chitosan obtained from crab and shrimp manufactured by Vietnam and China, respectively. To determine their quality, elemental analysis device, infrared spectrophotometry, x –ray radiography, determination of viscosity , molecular weight, crystallinity percent, color, de stylization measure, empirical and molecular formulas were made. The results showed that the percentage of chitin obtained from Artemia cyst Shells in Chemical method was 28 ± 3 % by weight and efficiency into chitosan (grade steel relief) in this method was 50± 5%. To optimize the extraction procedure and the removal of proteins of chitin by biological practices that were done by sodium hydroxide in the chemical method, it was replaced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. And in the bio- phase of chitosan de steelation fungus Aspergillus niger enzyme was replaced instead of sodium hydroxide at high temperatures. The results showed that chitin and chitosan can be extracted from Artemia cyst shell using biological method and their characteristics included as in chitin 49.6% C, 8.2 % N, 7.5 % H, and 34.5 %O. Also the same levels for chitosan were 44.4 %, 8.9, 7.2 and 39.5 %, respectively. Their other quality characteristics were included chitin average molecular weight 4.9×10^6 Dalton, crystallinity percentage of 36.4, viscosity at 20°C 31 centipoise and its color was gray to brown. In the biologic method, the average molecular weight of chitosan, crystallinity percentage, viscosity at 20°C, were 5.1×105 Dalton, 94.5, and 18 centipoises, respectively. Also, its color was pale brown. Chemical structure of extracted chitin and chitosan from the shell of Artemia urmiana cysts were C_7H_12NO_4 and C_6H_11 NO_4c, respectively. The comparison of chitin and chitosan obtained from each chemical and biological method revealed that replacing biological methods instead of chemical methods is possible in achieving these products at suitable condition and better quality. This can eliminate the use of chemicals damaging the environment such as sodium hydroxide and decrease environmental pollution.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Artemia urmiana cyst shell ; Chitin ; Chitosan ; Chemical ; Biological methods ; Crab shell ; Shrimp shell ; Biotechnology
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    Extraction‚ purification, identification and amount verification of steroids in Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergesni algae in Oman Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25642 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 02:40:17 | 25642 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Padina boergesenii is one of the most abundant brown algae distributed in the north of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this study after sampling and preparation of Padina boergesenii by Chroform-Etanol (3-1) solvent and by Methanol has been extract. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried out using thin layer, general and inverse column chromatography, Cephadex and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and Cephadex LH-20. The steroids compounds separated from above alga were identified as 22dehydrocholesterol (1), cholesterol (2), fucosterol (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), ostreasterol (6) and two epimer of hyroxyestrol(7), based on their spectral data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Persian Gulf ; Brown Algae ; Padina boergesenii ; Steroids compounds ; Extraction ; Purification ; Identification ; Amount verification ; Sargassum glaucescens ; Algae ; Abundant ; Sampling ; Chromatography ; Cephadex ; Dehydrocholesterol ; Cholesterol ; Fucosterol ; β-sitosterol ; Stigmasterol ; Ostreasterol
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Extraction and evaluation of gelatin from yellow fin tuna (Thunnus albacares) skin and prospect as an alternative to mammalian gelatin (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26150 | 18721 | 2019-02-06 07:10:37 | 26150 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: One of the mainly valuable consumed colloid proteinmaterials in pharmaceutics, medical and food industries is Gelatin. Fish gelatin near warm water is similar mammal gelatin. Due to the amount of catch of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) use in factory. Fish skin is peel off and wasted in factory every day. Analysis factors were extracted alkaline method gelatin from skin, physiochemical and rheological test (amino acid composition (HPLC), electrophoreses, fourier transform infrared, moisture content, pH, setting point , setting time, melting point and melting time, color and gelatin yield) with access method of National Iran Standard. Prepared gelatin nanoparticles from gelatin with desolvation method. Determination of particles size, size distribution, zeta potential for characterize the surface and morphology. Antibacterial assay with disc diffusion method and determined MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC(minimum bactericidal concentration) for Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. For nanoparticles gelatin antibacterial assay (MIC and MBC) turbidimetry. Statistical processing were linear regression and modeling and forecasting regression. Albeit antibacterial compared gelatin and gelatin nanoparticles.It produced 0.034g gelatin for one gram of yellowfin tuna. Yellowfin tuna had higher gelatin content (Proline and Hydroxyproline) than mammalian gelatin content. SDS-electrophoresis for yellow fin gelatin showed protein band (α, β, γ) same as mammalian protein band. Fourier transform infrared had the same spectra for both of them. Factors were pH (6.1), Moisture (8.5%) Setting temperature and time respectively 4(°C) and 60(s) and Melting temperature and time respectively were 50(°C) and 45(s). The color was transparent. The mean size of the gelatin nanoparticles was 132 nm and PI (polydispersity) and zeta potential were respectively 0.248, -31 MV. pH, speed of addition of acetone, percent of glutaraldehyde depends on size of nanoparticles gelatin. (Statistically significant was P〈0.05). Gelatin nanoparticles had antibacterial in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus while gelatin had antibacterial Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nanoparticle gelatin had higher MIC and MBC than gelatin. Statistically significant was P〈0.05. Antibacterial assay for gelatin particles has evaluated for foodstuffs packing and it may use drug delivery. This kind of gelatin is lawand similar mammalian gelatin. Antibacterial properties are more useful for usage in foodstuffs packing and may using drug delivery.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisers: Jamili,Sh.;Rezayat, M.; counsellors:Kaymaram, F.; Atta, H.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Rheological ; Yellow fin tuna ; Fourier transform infrared ; Proline ; Hydroxyproline ; Fish ; Iran ; Thunnus albacares ; Esherichia coli ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Staphylococcus aureus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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    Regional survey of pesticide residues in fish and fish products: Philippines (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26301 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 05:53:49 | 26301 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Philippines ; Pesticides ; Cultured organisms ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Quality assurance ; Biochemical analysis ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 84-89
    Format: 6
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  • 279
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    Trout farms and other human activities effects on Cheshmehkileh river ecosystem in Tonekabon (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25792 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:54:26 | 25792 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Cheshmehkileh River and adjacent mountainous streams, play a strategic role as a historical axis for anthropogenic civilization, human welfare also habitat and migration pathway of commercial – biologic valuable fishes e.g. Caspian trout, Caspian kuttum, members of Cyprinidae family in south Caspian Sea drainage. Treats such as overfishing of Caspian trout and Red spotted trout stocks in mountainous headwaters, barriers construction and manipulations those are out of river carrying capacity developed by human activities, affected normal function of river as well. Sand mining big factories establishment next to the river, legal and illegal trade of river sediments, direct entry of Tonekabon landfill leakage into the river, development of Rainbow trout farms since 3 decades and huge effluents into the river containing dead fish and types of solids, escapement of cultured Rainbow trouts into the river, … are major minimum factors which needs basic information for integrating inclusively drainage management system. Cheshmehkileh River contains Headwaters of Dohezar (Daryasar & Nusha), Sehezar and Valamroud rivers during 13 monthly sampling phases between September 2009 and October 2010 based on macrozoobenthoses investigations by EPT, EPT/C EPA protocols, measurements of nominated physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters. Probability of Rainbow trouts escapement and invasion, existence, nutrition in Cheshmehkileh environment indeed investigated. Data analysis explained significant differences (P〈0.05) between groups of measured parameters in different sampling stations. Dendogram of clustered analysis based on consolidation of major biologic/ physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters, separated stations No. 1, 3, 2, 4 in one group and remained classified in different groups. Station 8 and 9 similarly separated which expressed general similarities according to Sehezar river environment which were differs in comparison with other stations. Station 11 separated according to its natural quality of water and environment. Similarities between station 10 to Sehezar river stations 8 and 9 expressed general influence of Sehezar River more than Dohezar River in Cheshmehkileh condition especially in station No. 10. High scores of EPT and EPT/C indices in upstream stations 1, 3 and 8 also low score of indices in stations 7, 13 and 6 expressed levels of environment quality between these groups of stations. Maximum average biomass of macroinvertebrates belongs to Trichoptera order in Cheshmehkileh River. Significant decrease of biomass in stations 11, 12 and 13 in comparison with other stations stated environment degradation in mentioned stations relevant to excessive sand mining as well. Pollution resistant groups of invertebrates significantly increased in downstreams against upstream stations. Also disappearing of Plecoptera order in station No. 7, 9, 10 and 13 stated low quality of environment in comparison with upstream stations. Confirmation of effects quality and quantity for point and non-point sources of imported pollutants require specific management considerations in order to present exploitations, pollutants control and emergencies for river monitoring in forthcoming years.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Management ; Iran ; Tonekabon ; Cheshmehkileh ; River ; Pollution ; Aquaculture ; EPTC ; Assessment ; Macroinvertebrates ; Chemistry ; Microbiology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 138
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  • 280
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    Transfer of technology in chemical contaminants testing in the region through setting up of methodologies and human resource training (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26289 | 23782 | 2019-03-13 01:57:17 | 26289 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Education ; Technology transfer ; Chemical pollution ; Training ; Curricula
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 3-4
    Format: 2
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  • 281
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    Bio-functions of carvacrol-supplemented feeds on lipopolysaccharide-induced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26456 | 18721 | 2019-05-06 09:25:32 | 26456 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: To investigate the effects of carvacrol supplementation in rainbow trout induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), relative gene expressions levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis markers in kidney and liver were measured. Fish with a mean weight of 44.71±1.33 g were studied using four different treatments with three replicates each. Inflammation and apoptosis were performed using LPS of Escherichia coli (25 µg ml ^-1) except in the control group and only carvacrol (100 µg ml ^-1 diet) containing diets were fed to this group (CAR). The last group was the infected fish fed carvacrol supplemented diet (+CAR). Kidney and liver tissues were removed 3 days after to determine the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon gamma (INF-γ), caspase 3 (Cas 3), caspase 8 (Cas 8) using Real-Time PCR analyses. IL-1β expressions of both kidney and liver was significantly decreased (12.9 and 2.14 fold, respectively) in LPS treated cells (p〈0.05). While IFN-γ expression was up regulated in kidney, it had down regulation in liver. LPS decreased both Cas 3 and 8 expressions in kidney but increased in liver. +CAR increased expressions of IL-1β and IFN-γ compared with the control (up to 2-3 fold) in all tissues except caspase gene expressions that were similar in the control. In all tissues, IL-1β and IFN-γ expressions increased in +CAR group, expect IFN-γ in the kidney. However, Cas 3 and 8 expressions including apoptosis was induced by up-down regulations in all tissues compared to LPS-injected fish. The results showed that carvacrol had pro-inflammatory and apoptotic effects especially on liver tissue of LPS-induced inflammation model of Oncorhynchus mykiss.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Carvacrol ; Caspases ; Inflammatory cytokines ; LPS ; Rainbow trout ; Turkey
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 205-214
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  • 282
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    Effect of using various amounts of patin (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fish oil on physical and chemical properties of moisturizing hand cream (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26457 | 18721 | 2019-05-06 09:22:48 | 26457 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Hand cream is used for rehydrating and improving skin properties. The skin is the first point of contact with the environment. Thus having healthy skin with proper barrier properties is quite important. The beneficial effects of fish oil on skin make it a favorable ingredient to be used in hand care products. In the present study, the efficacy and stability of various hand cream formulations using 0, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0% of fish oil were investigated and compared. The appearance, odor, texture, and pH of formulations containing 1 and 2.5% of fish oil remained stable in very good qualities during the storage, whereas the related values to the appearance and texture of formulation containing 5.0% of fish oil at the end of 6 months of storage at 45°C were significantly (p〈0.05) lower than other formulations and previous evaluations of this formulation. Weight loss was not observed in all formulations under study.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Fish oil ; Hand cream ; Formulation ; Cosmetic ; Stability ; Malaysia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 215-223
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  • 283
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    Analysis of oils: Extraction of lipids (modified Folch's Method) (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26829 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 01:08:33 | 26829 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in lipid extraction from fish using the Modified Folch's Method. Instructions on sample preparation, and the apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in lipid extraction are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Lipids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
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  • 284
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    Analysis of oils: Determination of free fatty acid (FFA) (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26832 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 00:56:39 | 26832 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in determination of free fatty acids (FFA) in fish.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Fatty acids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 285
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    Analysis of oils: Preparation of methyl esters by Boron Trifluoride Method (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26838 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 00:36:53 | 26838 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in the preparation of methyl esters by boron trifluoride method in fish. Instructions on sample preparation and the apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures are also provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Fish oils ; Fats ; Fatty acids ; Esters ; Lipids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-11.1-C-11.2
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  • 286
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    Analysis of oils: Determination of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) number (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26835 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 00:46:29 | 26835 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in the determination of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) number in fish fat. The apparatus and reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures and calculations are also presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Fish oils ; Fats ; Fatty acids
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-8.1-C-8.3
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  • 287
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    Analysis of oils: Determination of the degree of lipid oxidation by gas chromatography (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26837 | 23782 | 2019-11-19 00:39:35 | 26837 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in the determination of the degree of lipid oxidation by gas chromatography. Instructions on sample preparation and the detailed procedures and calculation are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Lipids ; Fats ; Fatty acids ; Oxidation ; Chromatographic techniques
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: C-10.1
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  • 288
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    Analysis of additives: Determination of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) content in fish jelly products (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26840 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:59:29 | 26840 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in lipid determination of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) content in fish jelly products. Instructions on sample preparation and the reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures calculation are also provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Additives ; Food additives ; Food
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
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  • 289
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    Analysis of additives: Determination of sugar (sucrose) by Somogyi's Method (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26841 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:56:22 | 26841 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The paper provides the methodology in the determination of sugar (sucrose) in fish product by Somogyi's method. Instructions for sample preparation and the reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in the determination of the sugar in a sample are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Saccharides ; Products
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: D-3.1-D-3.4
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  • 290
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    Microbiological procedure: Aerobic plate count (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26846 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:46:46 | 26846 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: The aerobic plate count provides an estimate of the number of viable microorganisms in the food according to the medium used and the time and temperature incubation. Presented in the paper is the aerobic plate count procedure using the spread plate method. The culture media, apparatus, sample preparation, and the detailed procedures and the calculation of aerobic plate count are also provided in the paper.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 291
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    Microbiological procedure: Handling of food samples (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26845 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:48:51 | 26845 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Proper handling of samples is presented in the paper. Specifically, the procedures in the proper collection, transport, and storage of samples are presented. Moreover, the procedures of monitoring of the condition of samples in a container, and thawing of frozen samples are also provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Fish handling ; Samples ; Sample contamination ; Sample storage
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: E-1.1
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  • 292
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    Analysis of additives: Semi-quantitative analysis of boric acid and borates in meat and meat products (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26844 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:51:20 | 26844 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Boric acid and borates were commonly used as preservatives. It acts as an antimicrobial agent; however it is not permitted in the fishery products. The paper provides the methodology in the determination of boric acid and borates in fishery products. Instruction for sample preparation and the reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in the determination of boric acid and borates in a sample are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Additives ; Food additives ; Borate minerals
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 293
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    Microbiological procedure: Staphylococcus aureus (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26849 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:41:06 | 26849 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Staphylococcus aureus is a common organism on the skin and in the nasal passages of approximately 50% of the population. Heat-treated seafood may become contaminated with this organism by poor handling, then storage at improper temperatures allows the organism to multiply and produce its toxin. This type of food poisoning may be avoided by practicing strict personal hygiene, thorough cleaning and disinfection of equipment, and storage of susceptible food at temperatures below 10°C or above 60°C. Presented in the paper is the methodology of determining S. aureus in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Pathogens ; Health and safety ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Staphylococcus aureus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Microbiological procedure: Coliforms and Escherichia coli (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26848 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:45:03 | 26848 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Coliforms are Gram-negative, non-sporing, facultatively anaerobic rods which ferment lactose, producing acid and gas within 48 hrs and they belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Presented in the paper is the methodology of examining the presence of coliforms and E. coli for fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Microbial contamination ; Microbiology ; Pathogens ; Escherichia coli
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Microbiological procedure: Faecal streptococci (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26850 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:39:11 | 26850 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Streptococci are gram-positive cocci, sometimes coccobacilli, arranged in chains. This group of streptococci resides in the intestine of warm-blooded animals. They are bile resistant and capable of growth at 45°C. Fecal streptococci form part of the microflora of many foods without necessarily indicating poor hygiene. They are found in many fermented foods, such as cheese and raw sausage, and often take part in the fermentation process. However, in meat products which have received a severe heat process, the presence of excess numbers of fecal streptococci indicates unhygienic handling and/or faulty storage. Presented in the paper is the methodology of determining the presence of fecal streptococci in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Pathogens ; Health and safety ; Public health ; Microbial contamination
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: E-6.1-E-6.3
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    Microbiological procedure: Salmonellae & Shigella (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26847 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:43:06 | 26847 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Salmonella is a gram-negative bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Salmonella lives in animal and human intestines and is shed through feces, which usually infects humans through contaminated water or food. The paper presents the methodology of determining the presence of Salmonella and Shigella in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Pathogens ; Health and safety ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Salmonella
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 297
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    Cryoprotective effects of chemicals on proteins of fish muscle (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26865 | 23782 | 2019-11-05 03:25:17 | 26865 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: A review is made of studies conducted on cryoprotectants for use in the frozen storage of processed fishery products, such as surimi. Some 150 compounds were screened for cryoprotective effects on fish actomyosin; the findings of experiments investigating the behaviour of carp actomyosin, and fish myosin, actin and other constituent proteins during frozen storage are described. The mechanism of freeze denaturation and of the effects of cryoprotectants is outlined and the application of cryoprotectants in the development of new fish gel products considered.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Food technology ; Product development ; Freezing storage
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  • 298
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    Effect of chitin and prawn shell on the growth of albino rat (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/18824 | 12051 | 2015-11-17 17:17:16 | 18824 | Society of Fisheries Technologists, India
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: The effect of addition of pure chitin from prawn shell, deproteinised prawn shell, demineralized prawn shell and dry prawn shell in casein based control diet on albino rats was studied. The diets contained 0.5% chitin and 10% protein. The results obtained in the studies show that the weight gain and feed conversion were maximum in the control diet. While addition of pure chitin slightly brought down the weight gain, addition of deproteinsed prawn shell have the minimum weight gain showing that presence of minerals adversely affects both feed consumption and weight gain in the case of albino rats. Although it was reported that addition of pure chitin at 0.5% in the commercial feed of broiler chicken gave increased weight, in the case of albino rats the weight gain was slightly reduced compared to control diet.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; waste utilization ; exoskeleton ; Penaeidae ; carbohydrate polymer ; chitin ; fish processing industry
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Identification and measurement of fatty acids, amino acids in roe of tuna fish (Thunnus tonggol) and its TVB and peroxide value during cold storage (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Fisheries
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19311 | 17408 | 2016-02-08 10:25:26 | 19311 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The first aim of this research was to identify fatty acids, amino acids composition of Thunnustonggol roe and their changes during cold storage (-18'C). The second aim was to determinethe changes of moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of the roe during one year cold storage(-18'C). 60 samples of longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) ovaries were randomly collected formBandar-e-Abbas landings. The samples were frozen at-30'C and kept in cold store at -18'Cfor one year. According to a time table, the samples were examined for identification offatty acids, amino acids, moisture, protein, fat, ash, peroxide and T.V.N. and their changeswere evaluated during this time. The results showed that 26 fatty acids were identified. Theunsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were 62.33 and 37.6%,respectively, in fresh roe. So that, DHA (C22:6) and oleic acid (C18:1) had high amounts(24.79 and 21.88%) among the UFA and palmitic acid (C16:0) was the most content(22.75%) among the SFA. The PUFA/SFA was 0.91. Also, 17 amino acids were identifiedthat essential amino acids (EAA) and nonessential amino acids (NE) were 10478 and 7562mg/100g, respectively, and E/NE was 1.38. Among the EAA and NE, lysine (2110mg/100g)and aspartic acid (1924 mg/100g) were the most contents. Also, results showed that moisture,ash, protein and fat contents were 72.74, 1.8, 19.88 and 4.53%, respectively, in fresh roe. Theeffects of freezing and cold storage on the roes showed that UFA and SFA contents havereached to 49.83 and 48.07%, respectively, at the end of cold storage. It indicated that thesecompounds change to each other during frozen storage. Also, n-3 and n-6 series of fattyacids were 32.75 and 1.61% in fresh roe. But their contents decreased to 22.96 and 1.25% atthe end of period. Among the fatty acids, 22:6 and C16:0 had the most changes. The changesof fatty acids were significantly at 95% level except for C15:1, C18:3(n-3) and C20:4(n-6).All of the amino acids decreased in frozen storage and their changes were significantly(P〈0.05). EAA was 7818 mg/100g and E/NE was 1.27 at the end of storage period. Amongthe amino acids, leucine and lysine had the most changes. Moisture, ash, protein and fatcontents were 70.13, 1.82, 19.4 and 6.51%, respectively, at the end of storage period. Theperoxide value and T.V.N. increased during storage. So that, their contents have reached to5.86 mg/kg and 26.37 mg/100 g, respectively, at the end of frozen storage. The best shelf lifeof Thunnus tonggol roe was 6 or 7 months, because of lipid oxidation and increasing ofperoxide.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: S. Moeini Counsellors: A. Keyvan, M. Yousefian
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 213
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    Composition and amino acid content of meal from some commercially less important fishes of Maharashtra (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19317 | 12051 | 2015-12-24 21:04:14 | 19317 | Society of Fisheries Technologists, India
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Details are given of the yield and composition of dried waste from the filleting wastes of 3 commercially less utilized fish of the Maharashtra coast (Saurida tumbil, Caranx sexfasciatus and Sphyraena jello). The amino acid composition after acid hydrolysis is detailed for the three species.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; waste utilization ; fish meal ; Caranx sexfasciatus ; Sphyraena jello ; Saurida tumbil ; Maharashtra ; India
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 70-71
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