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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Development of natural and environmentally friendly antifouling agents is a suitable alternative to solve the global marine fouling problem. In the current study, antibacterial, anti-micro algal, anti-barnacle and antifouling activity of non-polar, semi-polar and polar extracts from three parts of the sea cucumber, Stichopus herrmanni, body (i.e. body wall, digestive tract and respiratory tree) were studied. The inhibitory activity assay of n-hexan, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were evaluated against five bacterial strains, two microalgae species and barnacle larvae. In order to investigate the antifouling performance, the extracts were added to a resin epoxy coats and exposed in the sea water for the duration of three months. Based on Results, the ethyl acetate extract of the body wall with the lowest MIC against S. aureus (0.500 mg/ml) and I. galbana (0.125 mg/ml), and the lowest LC50 against barnacle larvae (0.061 mg/ml), showed the best inhibitory activity. After three months treatment, the coated panels containing 4% extract of ethyl acetate from body wall had the lowest final weight (189.67 ± 5.51 g) and lowest fouling cover percentage (74.76%) among all the panels (P〈0.05). Regarding the high antifouling activity of ethyl acetate extract from the body wall of the sea cucumber S. herrmanni, it is recommended as a potential natural alternative for the antifouling coats.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Stichopus herrmanni ; Sea cucumber
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.89-99
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Black pomfret Parastromateus niger is a commercially important fishery resource in the Persian Gulf but harvesting its stocks lacks genetic identification of populations. AFLP technique was applied to analyze genetic diversity and population structure of 32 fish from coastal waters of Bandar Abbas, Bushehr and Abadan with 7 EcoRI/MseI primer pair combinations. In total, 381 bands were produced of which, 46 were polymorphic (12.07%). Percentage of polymorphic bands was higher in Bushehr samples (91.30%) than in Abadan (84.78%) and Bandar Abbas (73.91%) samples. The highest level of heterozygosity based on Nei’s coefficient and Shannon’s index was observed in Bushehr fish (0.38±0.16 and 0.54±0.21). Observed and effective alleles ranged from 1.73±0.44 and 1.53±0.40 in Bandar Abbas samples to 1.91±0.28 and 1.70±0.34 in Bushehr samples. The average Fst was 0.19 indicating high genetic differentiation among the three locations. Gene flow with mean of 1.93 was the lowest level between Bandar Abbas and Abadan (1.24). Nei's genetic identity revealed the least genetic similarity between the samples of Bandar Abbas and Abadan (0.77). AMOVA analysis demonstrated 81% of the genetic variation within populations and 19% among populations. The UPGMA dendrogram clustered all 32 individuals into 3 groups. In some cases individuals from the same region were grouped together but in most cases, gene exchange was observed to be common among the groups. Analyses provided evidence for genetic differentiation among the three locations, indicating separate populations of black pomfret in the northern Persian Gulf.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Genetics ; Black pomfret ; Parastromateus niger ; AFLP molecular markers ; Population structure ; Genetic ; Populations
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.857-875
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The maintenance of the endangered Caspian brown trout Salmo trutta caspius populations in Iran depends on its artificial breeding. There is no information on how current hatchery breeding protocol influences effective population size of breeders (Ne), which is a critical parameter to maintain genetic diversity in future generations. The current hatchery protocol (CHP) was comparatively evaluated with a balanced hatchery protocol (BHP), where mixtures of equal amounts of gametes per male and female breeder were used to balance parental contributions to progeny. To evaluate putative differences in viability between families, individual crosses were performed and fertilized ova of different families were mixed to constitute balanced family pools. 1440 alevins were totally sampled in the crosses performed from the 11 breeders. An exclusion-based parentage approach using three polymorphic microsatellite markers unambiguously assigned more than 93% of progeny to a single pair of parents. Significantly different contributions of breeders to progeny were observed in CHP (p〈0.05). The primary constraint on Ne in BHP was the unbalanced contribution of males, which seemed a consequence of sperm competition in mixed fertilization caused by differences in sperm quality. Sperm motility duration was positively correlated with the number of sired progeny by each male. The results illustrate the limitations of the BHP in minimizing the loss of genetic diversity observed in CHP. A protocol based on mixture of equal number of fertilized ova from individual male × female crosses emerged as the best alternative for conservation of Caspian brown trout.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Caspian brown trout ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Mixed milt fertilization ; Effective population size ; Sperm competition ; Microsatellite ; Population ; Size
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.393-408
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Effect of different feeding levels on water quality, growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei post larvae were studied in zero water exchange system. Shrimp post larvae with mean weight of 74.46± 6.17 mg were fed for 32 days in 300L fiberglass tanks containing 130L water at density of 1 post larvae L-1. There were five treatments including control and four biofloc treatments with different feeding levels of 15%, 15%, 12%, 9%, 0% of body weight per day, respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences in water parameters such as dissolved oxygen and pH between different treatments (p〉0.05). There were significant differences in water ammonia level between different treatments (p〈0.05). The maximum (0.39 mg/L) and minimum (0.12 mg/L) levels of ammonia were observed in control and biofloc treatment with minimum feeding level (9%BW/day), respectively. The highest body weight gain (1.55g), growth rate (48.50 mg per day), specific growth rate (9.64%/day), biomass gain (182.1g) and body length increase (33.62mm) were observed in biofloc treatment with maximum feeding level. The highest feed conversion ratio and the lowest feed efficiency were obtained in control (p〈0.05). The proximate body composition analysis revealed an increase in lipid, protein and ash in biofloc treatments. Results showed that using biofloc technology can decrease water exchange amount and improve feed utilization in nursery culture of Pacific white shrimp. Moreover, presence of biofloc improved the water quality which led to the enhancement in growth performance in nursery stage of shrimp.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Biofloc technology ; Zero-water exchange system ; Water quality ; Growth performance ; Body composition ; Nursery ; Pacific white shrimp ; Feeding ; Levels ; Biomass
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp. 1465-1484
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Effects of dietary supplementation of red macroalgae Gracilaria pygmea on the growth performance, hematology and serum biochemistry parameters of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer with initial fish weight of 28±5.9 g were investigated in a 6-week experiment. The experimental diets were composed of the positive control diet (containing fishmeal), the negative control diet (containing fishmeal-soy protein) and three diets which supplemented with varying leves of red algae (3, 6 and 9%). Results indicated that daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio and final weight of fish not only were not negatively affected by different substitution levels of red algae, but also the final weight of fish fed the diet containing 6% red algae was higher than the other experimental diets. Condition factor of the negative control group and the specific growth rate of the treatment containing 6% red algae were significantly higher than those of the other experimental diets (P〈0.05). Results of hemoglobin, hematocrit, White Blood Cell (WBC) count and WBC differential count were not significantly different among various treatments (P〉0.05). Among the examined serum biochemistry parameters of Asian Seabass, only glucose was not significantly affected by various dietary treatments (P〉0.05). The cholesterol levels of the negative control group and fish fed the diet containing 9% red algae were similar with each other and were significantly higher than the other treatments (P〈0.05). The lowest level of albumin was observed in the treatment containing 6% red algae, whearese the lowest amounts of total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol were observed in the treatment containing 3% red algae. Overall, it seems that partial substitution of expensive fishmeal by red algae Gracilaria pygmaea in the diet of carnivorous Asian Seabass exerted no negative effects on the growth and immunity parameters. Moreover, some growth parameters, hematological and serum biochemical parameters of blood were improved by the diet containing 6% red algae.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Gracilaria pygmaea ; Lates calcarifer ; Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer ; Gracilaria algae ; Diet ; Specific growth rate ; Innate immunity ; Substitution ; Growth performance ; Algae ; Biochemistry ; Serum ; Hematology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.77-89
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Effects of using various ratios of C:N in biofloc system on growth performance, feeding indices and culture water quality of common carp with mean weight of 14.17±0.36 g were investigated during 90 days in experimental treatments including control (no extra carbon source) and four treatments with different C:N ratios of 11, 15, 19 and 23 each with 3 replicates. The increase in C:N ratio had a significant effect on growth and feeding indices of cultured common carp in treatments (p〈0.05). The highest final weight and weight gain, the lowest FCR and the highest SGR were observed in C:N ratio of 19. No significant difference was observed in survival rate among different treatments indicating that the culture condition was suitable for common carp in this biofloc system. Hepatosomatic and visceral indices did not show significant differences between treatments with different C:N ratios (p〉 0.05). Water quality indices including DO, pH, TDS, EC, TSS, FV, TAN, nirtite and nitrate showed significant differences in biofloc system with different C:N ratios (p〈0.05). The mean values of FV and TSS in biofloc system increased with increasing C:N ratio. The variation pattern of the mean TAN and nitrite were the same as each other and reverse to the trend of TSS and FV showed a decreasing trend with increasing C:N ratio. These trends indicate the significant removal of nitrogenous compounds by bioflocs. In conclusion, using C:N ratio of 19 with molasses as carbon source in biofloc system could be recommended to improve water quality, growth and feeding performance of cultured common carp.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Cyprinus carpio ; Fish ; Biofoc system ; Water quality ; Feeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.13-24
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In the present study, the effects of feeding with different sources of zinc supplements including mineral, nanoparticulate, and organic forms on the enzymatic and ionic changes of seminal plasma in rainbow trout broodstocks were investigated. A total of 108 broodstock males with mean weight of 2138±93.45 g were fed during 16 weeks in four treatments with adding 40 mg. kg-1 of 1. Mineral zinc supplement, 2. Zinc nanoparticles supplement, 3. Organic zinc supplement, 4. Broodstocks fed with control diet with no adding of zinc supplement. According to the findings related to the effect of different rations on seminal plasma enzymes, the lowest levels of ALT, AST, LDH and SOD enzymes were recorded in fish fed with mineral zinc supplement. These values were significantly different compared to the control with the highest levels (p˂0.05). There was no significant difference in ALP value between different treatments (p〉0.05). Catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme values were not significantly different between treatments (p〉0.05). Regarding the effect of different zinc supplements on inorganic compounds of seminal plasma, it was observed that the phosphor ion was not affected by these supplements (p〉0.05) but a comparison between magnesium and calcium mean values (2.63±0.37 mg/dl and 7.23±0.15 mg/dl, respectively) in different treatments indicated a significant increase of these ion values in fish fed with mineral zinc supplement compared to the control (p˂0.05). In conclusion, regarding the decreasing effect of mineral zinc on the transaminases values and its increasing effect on the inorganic compounds values of magnesium and calcium in seminal plasma, this essential micronutrient could be considered and further investigated as an appropriate dietary supplement for improving the sperm quality of rainbow trout male broodstock.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Broodstock ; Fish ; Feeding ; Mineral
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.199-208
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  • 8
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21765 | 18721 | 2017-11-30 07:11:15 | 21765 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: One of the possible threats in increasing use of nanomaterials is the emergence of toxicity in humans and other animals which is discussed in nanotoxicology. In addition to toxic effects of nanomaterials themselves, different chemical precursors which are usually used in bottom-up approaches for production of nanomaterials may have secondary toxic effects in living organisms. In contrast, less use of chemicals in top-down approaches may reduce these secondary effects. To test this hypothesis, toxic effects of two types of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by physical (top-down) and chemical (bottom-up) methods were investigated and compared on the tadpole, Rana ridibunda survival. The estimated 48 h LC50 values of AgNPs produced by chemical and physical methods for tadpoles were 0.055 ± 0.004 and 0.296 ± 0.085 mg.L-1, respectively. No observed effect concentration, lowest observed effect concentration, maximum acceptable toxicant concentration and median lethal concentration of AgNPs produced by chemical method were respectively 3.42, 4.50, 4.84 and 5.38 times less than those produced by physical method. Therefore, approving the mentioned hypothesis, it was revealed that AgNPs produced by chemical method are more toxic than those generated by physical method. However, it seems totally that AgNPs regardless of the method used for their production, have toxic effects on aquatic organisms and so, inhibiting their accidental or intentional entrance into the aquatic ecosystems should be more considered.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Environment ; Rana ridibunda ; Iran ; tadpole ; chemical ; methods ; physical ; toxicity ; comparison ; silver ; nanoparticles
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 383-390
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  • 9
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22966 | 18721 | 2018-06-08 20:17:50 | 22966 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Effect of different feeding levels on water quality, growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei post larvae were studied in zero water exchange system. Shrimp post larvae with mean weight of 74.46± 6.17 mg were fed for 32 days in 300L fiberglass tanks containing 130L water at density of 1 post larvae L^-1. There were five treatments including control and four biofloc treatments with different feeding levels of 15%, 15%, 12%, 9%, 0% of body weight per day, respectively. The results showed that there were no significant differences in water parameters such as dissolved oxygen and pH between different treatments (p〉0.05). There were significant differences in water ammonia level between different treatments (p〈0.05). The maximum (0.39 mg/L) and minimum (0.12 mg/L) levels of ammonia were observed in control and biofloc treatment with minimum feeding level (9%BW/day), respectively. The highest body weight gain (1.55g), growth rate (48.50 mg per day), specific growth rate (9.64%/day), biomass gain (182.1g) and body length increase (33.62mm) were observed in biofloc treatment with maximum feeding level. The highest feed conversion ratio and the lowest feed efficiency were obtained in control (p〈0.05). The proximate body composition analysis revealed an increase in lipid, protein and ash in biofloc treatments. Results showed that using biofloc technology can decrease water exchange amount and improve feed utilization in nursery culture of Pacific white shrimp. Moreover, presence of biofloc improved the water quality which led to the enhancement in growth performance in nursery stage of shrimp.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Biofloc technology ; Zero-water exchange system ; Water quality ; Growth performance ; Body composition ; Nursery ; Pacific white shrimp ; aquaculture ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1465-1484
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  • 10
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26092 | 18721 | 2018-11-17 18:34:21 | 26092 | Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: Artificial breeding and subsequent release of the Caspian brown trout juveniles (Salmo trutta caspius Kessler, from Salmonidae) has been adopted by Iranian Fisheries Organization as a result of fishing pressure on its stocks. Unbalanced contribution of male breeders to F1progeny is expected with present mixed milt fertilization of gametes. Non-parametric Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between some sperm quality parameters and the contribution of Caspian brown trout male breeders at three trials. In the first trial, fertilization was performed using ova and sperm of four male and fourfemale breeders according to routine hatchery protocol. In the second and third trials, ova and sperm of respectively four and two female and four and six male breeders with equal number of ova and the same volume of milt were fertilized. Parentage assignment of yolk sacabsorbed F1 alevins was performed in FAP program using three polymorphic microsatellite loci (Str58, Str73 and Str591). More than 94% of mixed milt produced progeny were assigned to their parents in trials. Sperm motility duration was positively correlated with the number of sired progeny by each male in trials. The correlation was negative between sperm concentration and spermatocrit with amount of contribution by male breeders to F1 progeny. The results reveal the effect of sperm motility duration on the ability of alevin production by Caspian brown trout male breeders at sperm competition condition in mixed milt fertilization of gametes.
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Parentage assignment ; Artificial breeding ; Mixed milt fertilization ; Sperm motility ; Caspian brown trout
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 50-60
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