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  • 201
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1683.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Science ; *Women
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 202
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: The airway epithelium plays an essential role in innate immunity to lung pathogens. Ribonucleoprotein particles primarily composed of major vault protein (MVP) are highly expressed in cells that encounter xenobiotics. However, a clear biologic function for MVP is not established. We report here that MVP is rapidly recruited to lipid rafts when human lung epithelial cells are infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and maximal recruitment is dependent on bacterial binding to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. MVP was also essential for optimal epithelial cell internalization and clearance of P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that MVP makes a substantial contribution to epithelial cell-mediated resistance to infection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3685177/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3685177/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kowalski, Michael P -- Dubouix-Bourandy, Anne -- Bajmoczi, Milan -- Golan, David E -- Zaidi, Tanweer -- Coutinho-Sledge, Yamara S -- Gygi, Melanie P -- Gygi, Steven P -- Wiemer, Erik A C -- Pier, Gerald B -- R01 HL 58398-08/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL058398/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37 HL 32854-22/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):130-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism/microbiology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Lung/immunology/microbiology ; Lung Diseases/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Membrane Microdomains/metabolism ; Mice ; Pseudomonas Infections/*immunology/metabolism/microbiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/*immunology/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Respiratory Mucosa/immunology/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Signal Transduction ; Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles/*physiology
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  • 203
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus markedly improves the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but causes cognitive side effects such as impulsivity. We showed that DBS selectively interferes with the normal ability to slow down when faced with decision conflict. While on DBS, patients actually sped up their decisions under high-conflict conditions. This form of impulsivity was not affected by dopaminergic medication status. Instead, medication impaired patients' ability to learn from negative decision outcomes. These findings implicate independent mechanisms leading to impulsivity in treated Parkinson's patients and were predicted by a single neurocomputational model of the basal ganglia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, Michael J -- Samanta, Johan -- Moustafa, Ahmed A -- Sherman, Scott J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1309-12. Epub 2007 Oct 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. mfrank@u.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962524" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Antiparkinson Agents/administration & dosage/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Conflict (Psychology) ; *Decision Making ; Deep Brain Stimulation/*adverse effects ; Dopamine Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior/*etiology ; Learning ; Levodopa/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology/*psychology/*therapy ; Reaction Time ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Subthalamic Nucleus/*physiology
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  • 204
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: Unconscious motivation in humans is often inferred but rarely demonstrated empirically. We imaged motivational processes, implemented in a paradigm that varied the amount and reportability of monetary rewards for which subjects exerted physical effort. We show that, even when subjects cannot report how much money is at stake, they nevertheless deploy more force for higher amounts. Such a motivational effect is underpinned by engagement of a specific basal forebrain region. Our findings thus reveal this region as a key node in brain circuitry that enables expected rewards to energize behavior, without the need for the subjects;awareness.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2631941/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2631941/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pessiglione, Mathias -- Schmidt, Liane -- Draganski, Bogdan -- Kalisch, Raffael -- Lau, Hakwan -- Dolan, Ray J -- Frith, Chris D -- 078865/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):904-6. Epub 2007 Apr 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for NeuroImaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square London WC1N 3BG, UK. pessigli@ccr.jussieu.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Autonomic Nervous System/physiology ; Basal Ganglia/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Galvanic Skin Response ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Motivation ; Prosencephalon/*physiology ; *Reward ; *Subliminal Stimulation ; *Unconscious (Psychology)
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 205
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: Sleep facilitates memory consolidation. A widely held model assumes that this is because newly encoded memories undergo covert reactivation during sleep. We cued new memories in humans during sleep by presenting an odor that had been presented as context during prior learning, and so showed that reactivation indeed causes memory consolidation during sleep. Re-exposure to the odor during slow-wave sleep (SWS) improved the retention of hippocampus-dependent declarative memories but not of hippocampus-independent procedural memories. Odor re-exposure was ineffective during rapid eye movement sleep or wakefulness or when the odor had been omitted during prior learning. Concurring with these findings, functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant hippocampal activation in response to odor re-exposure during SWS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rasch, Bjorn -- Buchel, Christian -- Gais, Steffen -- Born, Jan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1426-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lubeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160/23a, 23538 Lubeck, Germany. rasch@kfg.uni-luebeck.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Cues ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; *Learning ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; *Odors ; Sleep/*physiology ; Sleep, REM/physiology ; Wakefulness
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  • 206
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: Variants in the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene are associated with increased body mass index in humans. Here, we show by bioinformatics analysis that FTO shares sequence motifs with Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases. We find that recombinant murine Fto catalyzes the Fe(II)- and 2OG-dependent demethylation of 3-methylthymine in single-stranded DNA, with concomitant production of succinate, formaldehyde, and carbon dioxide. Consistent with a potential role in nucleic acid demethylation, Fto localizes to the nucleus in transfected cells. Studies of wild-type mice indicate that Fto messenger RNA (mRNA) is most abundant in the brain, particularly in hypothalamic nuclei governing energy balance, and that Fto mRNA levels in the arcuate nucleus are regulated by feeding and fasting. Studies can now be directed toward determining the physiologically relevant FTO substrate and how nucleic acid methylation status is linked to increased fat mass.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2668859/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2668859/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerken, Thomas -- Girard, Christophe A -- Tung, Yi-Chun Loraine -- Webby, Celia J -- Saudek, Vladimir -- Hewitson, Kirsty S -- Yeo, Giles S H -- McDonough, Michael A -- Cunliffe, Sharon -- McNeill, Luke A -- Galvanovskis, Juris -- Rorsman, Patrik -- Robins, Peter -- Prieur, Xavier -- Coll, Anthony P -- Ma, Marcella -- Jovanovic, Zorica -- Farooqi, I Sadaf -- Sedgwick, Barbara -- Barroso, Ines -- Lindahl, Tomas -- Ponting, Chris P -- Ashcroft, Frances M -- O'Rahilly, Stephen -- Schofield, Christopher J -- 068086/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077016/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G108/617/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9824984/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U54 GM064346/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1469-72. Epub 2007 Nov 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chemistry Research Laboratory and Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, Oxon OX1 3TA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/enzymology/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/enzymology ; Computational Biology ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; Eating ; Energy Metabolism ; Fasting ; Ferrous Compounds/metabolism ; Hypothalamus/enzymology/metabolism ; Ketoglutaric Acids/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mixed Function Oxygenases ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxo-Acid-Lyases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Succinic Acid/metabolism ; Thymine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism
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  • 207
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):749.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; *Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/*genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Rett Syndrome/*genetics/*therapy
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  • 208
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):364-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; Gorilla gorilla/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/classification/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 209
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawrence, Toby -- Hageman, Thorsten -- Balkwill, Frances -- G0501974/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0601867/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):51-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Translational Oncology, Institute of Cancer, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Colonic Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin-6/*metabolism ; Kupffer Cells/metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology/physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/*physiology ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/*physiopathology/prevention & control ; Sex Characteristics ; Signal Transduction
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  • 210
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: The molecular mechanisms involved in the development of type 2 diabetes are poorly understood. Starting from genome-wide genotype data for 1924 diabetic cases and 2938 population controls generated by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, we set out to detect replicated diabetes association signals through analysis of 3757 additional cases and 5346 controls and by integration of our findings with equivalent data from other international consortia. We detected diabetes susceptibility loci in and around the genes CDKAL1, CDKN2A/CDKN2B, and IGF2BP2 and confirmed the recently described associations at HHEX/IDE and SLC30A8. Our findings provide insight into the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes, emphasizing the contribution of multiple variants of modest effect. The regions identified underscore the importance of pathways influencing pancreatic beta cell development and function in the etiology of type 2 diabetes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3772310/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3772310/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zeggini, Eleftheria -- Weedon, Michael N -- Lindgren, Cecilia M -- Frayling, Timothy M -- Elliott, Katherine S -- Lango, Hana -- Timpson, Nicholas J -- Perry, John R B -- Rayner, Nigel W -- Freathy, Rachel M -- Barrett, Jeffrey C -- Shields, Beverley -- Morris, Andrew P -- Ellard, Sian -- Groves, Christopher J -- Harries, Lorna W -- Marchini, Jonathan L -- Owen, Katharine R -- Knight, Beatrice -- Cardon, Lon R -- Walker, Mark -- Hitman, Graham A -- Morris, Andrew D -- Doney, Alex S F -- Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) -- McCarthy, Mark I -- Hattersley, Andrew T -- 083948/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0000934/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500070/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1336-41. Epub 2007 Apr 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosome Mapping ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*genetics ; Female ; Genes, p16 ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genome, Human ; Great Britain ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins/genetics ; Introns ; Male ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Middle Aged ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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  • 211
    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: Influenza virus entry is mediated by the receptor binding domain (RBD) of its spike, the hemagglutinin (HA). Adaptation of avian viruses to humans is associated with HA specificity for alpha2,6- rather than alpha2,3-linked sialic acid (SA) receptors. Here, we define mutations in influenza A subtype H5N1 (avian) HA that alter its specificity for SA either by decreasing alpha2,3- or increasing alpha2,6-SA recognition. RBD mutants were used to develop vaccines and monoclonal antibodies that neutralized new variants. Structure-based modification of HA specificity can guide the development of preemptive vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that can be evaluated before the emergence of human-adapted H5N1 strains.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2367145/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2367145/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Zhi-Yong -- Wei, Chih-Jen -- Kong, Wing-Pui -- Wu, Lan -- Xu, Ling -- Smith, David F -- Nabel, Gary J -- Z99 AI999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):825-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, Mailstop Code MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Cell Line ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Sialic Acids/*metabolism ; Vaccination
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  • 212
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leblanc, Gerald A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):980-1; author reply 980-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Deer/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Fathers ; Female ; *Fertility ; Male ; Paternal Exposure ; *Sex Ratio ; Testosterone/*metabolism
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  • 213
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: Allergic contact dermatitis affects about 5% of men and 11% of women in industrialized countries and is one of the leading causes for occupational diseases. In an animal model for cutaneous contact hypersensitivity, we show that mice lacking both known cannabinoid receptors display exacerbated allergic inflammation. In contrast, fatty acid amide hydrolase-deficient mice, which have increased levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide, displayed reduced allergic responses in the skin. Cannabinoid receptor antagonists exacerbated allergic inflammation, whereas receptor agonists attenuated inflammation. These results demonstrate a protective role of the endocannabinoid system in contact allergy in the skin and suggest a target for therapeutic intervention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karsak, Meliha -- Gaffal, Evelyn -- Date, Rahul -- Wang-Eckhardt, Lihua -- Rehnelt, Jennifer -- Petrosino, Stefania -- Starowicz, Katarzyna -- Steuder, Regina -- Schlicker, Eberhard -- Cravatt, Benjamin -- Mechoulam, Raphael -- Buettner, Reinhard -- Werner, Sabine -- Di Marzo, Vincenzo -- Tuting, Thomas -- Zimmer, Andreas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1494-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism ; Bornanes/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/*physiology ; Cannabinoids/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Chemokines/physiology ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/pathology/*physiopathology ; Dinitrofluorobenzene ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; Dronabinol/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; *Endocannabinoids ; Female ; Glycerides/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Piperidines/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides/metabolism ; Pyrazoles/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*physiology ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*physiology ; Skin/*metabolism/pathology ; Up-Regulation
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  • 214
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1710-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/physiology ; Brain/*growth & development/metabolism ; Complement C1q/genetics/*metabolism ; Glaucoma/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Retina/growth & development/metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology
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  • 215
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: Hosts can in principle employ two different strategies to defend themselves against parasites: resistance and tolerance. Animals typically exhibit considerable genetic variation for resistance (the ability to limit parasite burden). However, little is known about whether animals can evolve tolerance (the ability to limit the damage caused by a given parasite burden). Using rodent malaria in laboratory mice as a model system and the statistical framework developed by plant-pathogen biologists, we demonstrated genetic variation for tolerance, as measured by the extent to which anemia and weight loss increased with increasing parasite burden. Moreover, resistance and tolerance were negatively genetically correlated. These results mean that animals, like plants, can evolve two conceptually different types of defense, a finding that has important implications for the understanding of the epidemiology and evolution of infectious diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raberg, Lars -- Sim, Derek -- Read, Andrew F -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 2;318(5851):812-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. lars.raberg@zooekol.lu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia/genetics/physiopathology ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythrocyte Count ; *Genetic Variation ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Malaria/*genetics/physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; *Plasmodium chabaudi ; Statistics as Topic
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  • 216
    Publication Date: 2007-06-30
    Description: Drosophila melanogaster can make appropriate choices among alternative flight options on the basis of the relative salience of competing visual cues. We show that this choice behavior consists of early and late phases; the former requires activation of the dopaminergic system and mushroom bodies, whereas the latter is independent of these activities. Immunohistological analysis showed that mushroom bodies are densely innervated by dopaminergic axons. Thus, the circuit from the dopamine system to mushroom bodies is crucial for choice behavior in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Ke -- Guo, Jian Zeng -- Peng, Yueqing -- Xi, Wang -- Guo, Aike -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1901-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Axons/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; *Choice Behavior ; Cues ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Models, Animal ; Mushroom Bodies/*innervation/*physiology ; Mutation ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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  • 217
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: The circadian clock temporally coordinates metabolic homeostasis in mammals. Central to this is heme, an iron-containing porphyrin that serves as prosthetic group for enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism as well as transcription factors that regulate circadian rhythmicity. The circadian factor that integrates this dual function of heme is not known. We show that heme binds reversibly to the orphan nuclear receptor Rev-erbalpha, a critical negative component of the circadian core clock, and regulates its interaction with a nuclear receptor corepressor complex. Furthermore, heme suppresses hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose output through Rev-erbalpha-mediated gene repression. Thus, Rev-erbalpha serves as a heme sensor that coordinates the cellular clock, glucose homeostasis, and energy metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yin, Lei -- Wu, Nan -- Curtin, Joshua C -- Qatanani, Mohammed -- Szwergold, Nava R -- Reid, Robert A -- Waitt, Gregory M -- Parks, Derek J -- Pearce, Kenneth H -- Wisely, G Bruce -- Lazar, Mitchell A -- R01 DK45586/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1786-9. Epub 2007 Nov 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006707" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Clocks ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gluconeogenesis/genetics ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase/genetics/metabolism ; Heme/*metabolism ; Hemin/pharmacology ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Male ; *Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 1 ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1 ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism
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  • 218
    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: Mammalian spermatogenesis produces numerous sperm for a long period based on a highly potent stem cell system, which relies on a special microenvironment, or niche, that has not yet been identified. In this study, using time-lapse imaging of green fluorescent protein-labeled undifferentiated spermatogonia (A(undiff)) and three-dimensional reconstitution, we revealed a biased localization of A(undiff) to the vascular network and accompanying Leydig and other interstitial cells, in intact testes. Differentiating spermatogonia left these niche regions and dispersed throughout the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium. Moreover, rearrangement of A(undiff) accompanied the vasculature alteration. We propose that the mammalian germline niche is established as a consequence of vasculature pattern formation. This is different from what is observed in Drosophila or Caenorhabditis elegans, which display developmentally specified niche structures within polarized gonads.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshida, Shosei -- Sukeno, Mamiko -- Nabeshima, Yo-Ichi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1722-6. Epub 2007 Sep 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. shosei@lmls.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics ; Blood Vessels/cytology ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Seminiferous Tubules/blood supply/cytology ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia/*cytology ; Testis/blood supply/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 219
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1160-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adolescent Medicine ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/*mortality/pathology/therapy ; Pediatrics ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy/mortality/pathology ; Sex Characteristics ; Survival Rate
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  • 220
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: Some Toll and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) provide immunity to experimental infections in animal models, but their contribution to host defense in natural ecosystems is unknown. We report a dominant-negative TLR3 allele in otherwise healthy children with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis. TLR3 is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), where it is required to control HSV-1, which spreads from the epithelium to the CNS via cranial nerves. TLR3 is also expressed in epithelial and dendritic cells, which apparently use TLR3-independent pathways to prevent further dissemination of HSV-1 and to provide resistance to other pathogens in TLR3-deficient patients. Human TLR3 appears to be redundant in host defense to most microbes but is vital for natural immunity to HSV-1 in the CNS, which suggests that neurotropic viruses have contributed to the evolutionary maintenance of TLR3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Shen-Ying -- Jouanguy, Emmanuelle -- Ugolini, Sophie -- Smahi, Asma -- Elain, Gaelle -- Romero, Pedro -- Segal, David -- Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa -- Lorenzo, Lazaro -- Puel, Anne -- Picard, Capucine -- Chapgier, Ariane -- Plancoulaine, Sabine -- Titeux, Matthias -- Cognet, Celine -- von Bernuth, Horst -- Ku, Cheng-Lung -- Casrouge, Armanda -- Zhang, Xin-Xin -- Barreiro, Luis -- Leonard, Joshua -- Hamilton, Claire -- Lebon, Pierre -- Heron, Benedicte -- Vallee, Louis -- Quintana-Murci, Lluis -- Hovnanian, Alain -- Rozenberg, Flore -- Vivier, Eric -- Geissmann, Frederic -- Tardieu, Marc -- Abel, Laurent -- Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- G0900867/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1522-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U550, Faculty Necker, Paris 75015, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Line ; Child, Preschool ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/*genetics/*immunology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/immunology/metabolism/virology ; Genes, Dominant ; *Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Infant ; Interferons/biosynthesis ; Keratinocytes/immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology ; Mutation ; Poly I-C/pharmacology ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/chemistry/*deficiency/*genetics/physiology
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  • 221
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Youle, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):776-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. youler@ninds.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289967" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/*metabolism ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/*metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Permeability ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/chemistry/*metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 222
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: Oocytes, the female germ cells, contain all the messenger RNAs necessary to start a new life but typically wait until fertilization to begin development. The transition from oocyte to fertilized egg (zygote) involves many changes, including protein synthesis, protein and RNA degradation, and organelle remodeling. These changes occur concurrently with the meiotic divisions that produce the haploid maternal genome. Accumulating evidence indicates that the cell-cycle regulators that control the meiotic divisions also regulate the many changes that accompany the oocyte-to-zygote transition. We suggest that the meiotic machinery functions as an internal pacemaker that propels oocytes toward embryogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stitzel, Michael L -- Seydoux, Geraldine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):407-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, PCTB 706, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Female ; Meiosis ; Oocytes/cytology/*physiology ; Organelles ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins/metabolism ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger, Stored/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Zygote/cytology/*physiology
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  • 223
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1020-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Publishing/*standards ; *Sex Characteristics
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  • 224
    Publication Date: 2007-11-22
    Description: Somatic cell nuclear transfer allows trans-acting factors present in the mammalian oocyte to reprogram somatic cell nuclei to an undifferentiated state. We show that four factors (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28) are sufficient to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells that exhibit the essential characteristics of embryonic stem (ES) cells. These induced pluripotent human stem cells have normal karyotypes, express telomerase activity, express cell surface markers and genes that characterize human ES cells, and maintain the developmental potential to differentiate into advanced derivatives of all three primary germ layers. Such induced pluripotent human cell lines should be useful in the production of new disease models and in drug development, as well as for applications in transplantation medicine, once technical limitations (for example, mutation through viral integration) are eliminated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Junying -- Vodyanik, Maxim A -- Smuga-Otto, Kim -- Antosiewicz-Bourget, Jessica -- Frane, Jennifer L -- Tian, Shulan -- Nie, Jeff -- Jonsdottir, Gudrun A -- Ruotti, Victor -- Stewart, Ron -- Slukvin, Igor I -- Thomson, James A -- P20 GM069981/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000167/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1917-20. Epub 2007 Nov 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1580, USA. jyu@primate.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18029452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Shape ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Fetus ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; HMGB Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotyping ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Teratoma/pathology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transgenes
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  • 225
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: Do learning and retrieval of a memory activate the same neurons? Does the number of reactivated neurons correlate with memory strength? We developed a transgenic mouse that enables the long-lasting genetic tagging of c-fos-active neurons. We found neurons in the basolateral amygdala that are activated during Pavlovian fear conditioning and are reactivated during memory retrieval. The number of reactivated neurons correlated positively with the behavioral expression of the fear memory, indicating a stable neural correlate of associative memory. The ability to manipulate these neurons genetically should allow a more precise dissection of the molecular mechanisms of memory encoding within a distributed neuronal network.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reijmers, Leon G -- Perkins, Brian L -- Matsuo, Naoki -- Mayford, Mark -- 5-74653/PHS HHS/ -- 57368/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1230-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/cytology/*physiology ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Extinction, Psychological ; Fear ; Genes, fos ; Learning ; *Memory ; *Mental Recall ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*physiology
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  • 226
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):733.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/classification ; Humans ; Jaw/anatomy & histology ; Kenya ; Male ; Skull/anatomy & histology
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  • 227
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):530.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Gene Deletion ; Heart/*physiopathology ; Heart Diseases/*genetics ; Immune System/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; MicroRNAs/*genetics/*physiology
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  • 228
    Publication Date: 2007-02-27
    Description: Primary transcripts of certain microRNA (miRNA) genes are subject to RNA editing that converts adenosine to inosine. However, the importance of miRNA editing remains largely undetermined. Here we report that tissue-specific adenosine-to-inosine editing of miR-376 cluster transcripts leads to predominant expression of edited miR-376 isoform RNAs. One highly edited site is positioned in the middle of the 5'-proximal half "seed" region critical for the hybridization of miRNAs to targets. We provide evidence that the edited miR-376 RNA silences specifically a different set of genes. Repression of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1, a target of the edited miR-376 RNA and an enzyme involved in the uric-acid synthesis pathway, contributes to tight and tissue-specific regulation of uric-acid levels, revealing a previously unknown role for RNA editing in miRNA-mediated gene silencing.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953418/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953418/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kawahara, Yukio -- Zinshteyn, Boris -- Sethupathy, Praveen -- Iizasa, Hisashi -- Hatzigeorgiou, Artemis G -- Nishikura, Kazuko -- P01 CA072765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA072765-050002/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM040536/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM040536-16/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL070045/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL070045-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1137-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ykawahara@wistar.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Adenosine/*metabolism ; Adenosine Deaminase/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Inosine/*metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Organ Specificity ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA Editing ; *RNA Interference ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Ribose-Phosphate Pyrophosphokinase/genetics/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):826-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/etiology ; Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal/adverse effects ; Animals ; Autistic Disorder/etiology ; Brain Stem/abnormalities/embryology ; Databases, Factual ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; *Facial Expression ; Female ; Genes, Homeobox ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Misoprostol/adverse effects ; *Mobius Syndrome/complications/etiology/genetics/surgery ; Placental Circulation ; Pregnancy
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  • 230
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: Multiple signaling pathways, including Wnt signaling, participate in animal development, stem cell biology, and human cancer. Although many components of the Wnt pathway have been identified, unresolved questions remain as to the mechanism by which Wnt binding to its receptors Frizzled and Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) triggers downstream signaling events. With live imaging of vertebrate cells, we show that Wnt treatment quickly induces plasma membrane-associated LRP6 aggregates. LRP6 aggregates are phosphorylated and can be detergent-solubilized as ribosome-sized multiprotein complexes. Phospho-LRP6 aggregates contain Wnt-pathway components but no common vesicular traffic markers except caveolin. The scaffold protein Dishevelled (Dvl) is required for LRP6 phosphorylation and aggregation. We propose that Wnts induce coclustering of receptors and Dvl in LRP6-signalosomes, which in turn triggers LRP6 phosphorylation to promote Axin recruitment and beta-catenin stabilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bilic, Josipa -- Huang, Ya-Lin -- Davidson, Gary -- Zimmermann, Timo -- Cruciat, Cristina-Maria -- Bienz, Mariann -- Niehrs, Christof -- MC_U105192713/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1619-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Embryology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*metabolism ; Animals ; Axin Protein ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Drosophila ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/analysis/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; LDL-Receptor Related Proteins/analysis/genetics/*metabolism ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Repressor Proteins/analysis/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Wnt Proteins/*metabolism ; Wnt3 Protein ; beta Catenin/metabolism
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  • 231
    Publication Date: 2007-07-21
    Description: The cancer stem cell hypothesis postulates that tumor growth is driven by a rare subpopulation of tumor cells. Much of the supporting evidence for this intriguing idea is derived from xenotransplantation experiments in which human leukemia cells are grown in immunocompromised mice. We show that, when lymphomas and leukemias of mouse origin are transplanted into histocompatible mice, a very high frequency (at least 1 in 10) of the tumor cells can seed tumor growth. We suggest that the low frequency of tumor-sustaining cells observed in xenotransplantation studies may reflect the limited ability of human tumor cells to adapt to growth in a foreign (mouse) milieu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelly, Priscilla N -- Dakic, Aleksandar -- Adams, Jerry M -- Nutt, Stephen L -- Strasser, Andreas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 20;317(5836):337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3050, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17641192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Animals ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid/*pathology ; Lymphoma/*pathology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/*pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology/*physiology ; Thymus Neoplasms/*pathology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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  • 232
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Jim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1493-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17370357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation/ethics ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; *Breeding ; Female ; Male ; *Pan troglodytes
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  • 233
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, David D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1436-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. moore@bcm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Body Temperature ; Energy Metabolism ; Fasting ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Glucuronidase/metabolism ; Glycoside Hydrolases/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Ketone Bodies/metabolism ; Lipase/metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Activity ; Oxidation-Reduction ; PPAR alpha/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 234
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1022-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Bioterrorism ; *Burkholderia pseudomallei/cytology/genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Endemic Diseases ; Humans ; *Melioidosis/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/microbiology ; Mice ; Prevalence ; Thailand/epidemiology ; Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics/physiology
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  • 235
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crabbe, John C -- Cunningham, Christopher L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1033-5; author reply 1033-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cocaine/*administration & dosage ; Genotype ; *Impulsive Behavior/genetics ; Mice ; Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D3/metabolism ; Self Administration
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  • 236
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ritchie, Michael G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):54-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9AJ, UK. mgr@st-andrews.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Fathers ; Feathers ; Female ; *Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Speciation ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics ; Songbirds/anatomy & histology/genetics/*physiology
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  • 237
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):614-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/*immunology/pathology ; Cell Degranulation ; Heart Diseases/*immunology/pathology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; *Immunity, Innate ; Infection/*immunology ; Mast Cells/*immunology ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*immunology/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 238
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crawley, Jacqueline N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):56-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3730, USA. crawleyj@intra.nimh.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*genetics ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Memory ; Mice ; *Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Neural Inhibition ; Social Behavior ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
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  • 239
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: Elk (Cervus elaphus) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem alter patterns of aggregation, habitat selection, vigilance, and foraging in the presence of wolves (Canis lupus). Antipredator behaviors like these can reduce predation risk but are also likely to carry costs. Data from five elk populations studied for 16 site years showed that progesterone concentrations (from 1489 fecal samples) declined with the ratio of elk to wolves. In turn, progesterone concentrations were a good predictor of calf recruitment in the subsequent year. Together, these data suggest that wolves indirectly affect the reproductive physiology and the demography of elk through the costs of antipredator behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Creel, Scott -- Christianson, David -- Liley, Stewart -- Winnie, John A Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):960.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Montana State University, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. screel@montana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Deer/*physiology ; Ecosystem ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Feces ; Female ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior ; Progesterone/metabolism ; Reproduction/*physiology ; *Wolves
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  • 240
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: Participants compared the mental capacities of various human and nonhuman characters via online surveys. Factor analysis revealed two dimensions of mind perception, Experience (for example, capacity for hunger) and Agency (for example, capacity for self-control). The dimensions predicted different moral judgments but were both related to valuing of mind.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gray, Heather M -- Gray, Kurt -- Wegner, Daniel M -- MH-49127/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-71053/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):619.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. hgray@wjh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; *Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Mental Processes ; Middle Aged ; *Morals ; *Perception ; *Personality ; Principal Component Analysis
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  • 241
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):388-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioethical Issues ; *Cryopreservation/ethics/methods ; Cryoprotective Agents ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Oocyte Donation ; *Oocytes/physiology ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
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  • 242
    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: Wilms tumor is a pediatric kidney cancer associated with inactivation of the WT1 tumor-suppressor gene in 5 to 10% of cases. Using a high-resolution screen for DNA copy-number alterations in Wilms tumor, we identified somatic deletions targeting a previously uncharacterized gene on the X chromosome. This gene, which we call WTX, is inactivated in approximately one-third of Wilms tumors (15 of 51 tumors). Tumors with mutations in WTX lack WT1 mutations, and both genes share a restricted temporal and spatial expression pattern in normal renal precursors. In contrast to biallelic inactivation of autosomal tumor-suppressor genes, WTX is inactivated by a monoallelic "single-hit" event targeting the single X chromosome in tumors from males and the active X chromosome in tumors from females.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rivera, Miguel N -- Kim, Woo Jae -- Wells, Julie -- Driscoll, David R -- Brannigan, Brian W -- Han, Moonjoo -- Kim, James C -- Feinberg, Andrew P -- Gerald, William L -- Vargas, Sara O -- Chin, Lynda -- Iafrate, A John -- Bell, Daphne W -- Haber, Daniel A -- P01-CA101942/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA054358/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA054358-17/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37-CA058596/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA009216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):642-5. Epub 2007 Jan 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, X/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Gene Silencing ; *Genes, Wilms Tumor ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Kidney/embryology/metabolism ; Kidney Neoplasms/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Point Mutation ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Wilms Tumor/*genetics ; beta Catenin/genetics
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  • 243
    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: Many potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease target amyloid-beta peptides (Abeta), which are widely presumed to cause the disease. The microtubule-associated protein tau is also involved in the disease, but it is unclear whether treatments aimed at tau could block Abeta-induced cognitive impairments. Here, we found that reducing endogenous tau levels prevented behavioral deficits in transgenic mice expressing human amyloid precursor protein, without altering their high Abeta levels. Tau reduction also protected both transgenic and nontransgenic mice against excitotoxicity. Thus, tau reduction can block Abeta- and excitotoxin-induced neuronal dysfunction and may represent an effective strategy for treating Alzheimer's disease and related conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberson, Erik D -- Scearce-Levie, Kimberly -- Palop, Jorge J -- Yan, Fengrong -- Cheng, Irene H -- Wu, Tiffany -- Gerstein, Hilary -- Yu, Gui-Qiu -- Mucke, Lennart -- AG011385/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG022074/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS054811/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS054811-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- MH070588/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS054811/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR18928-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):750-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. eroberson@gladstone.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*metabolism/pathology/physiopathology/*therapy ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Convulsants/pharmacology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/pharmacology ; Exploratory Behavior ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Humans ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Maze Learning ; Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Activity ; Pentylenetetrazole/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Seizures/prevention & control ; tau Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 244
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: Owen et al. (Brevia, 8 September 2006, p. 1402) claimed that a patient's brain activity revealed that she was consciously responding to commands despite being in a vegetative state. However, several alternative explanations were not eliminated. Specifically, the activity could reflect unconscious reactions to the last word in the command, not conscious decisions to respond. A refined experimental design could clarify these issues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greenberg, Daniel L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1221; author reply 1221.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. dlgreenberg@mednet.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awareness ; Brain/*physiopathology ; *Consciousness ; Decision Making ; Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Persistent Vegetative State/physiopathology/*psychology
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  • 245
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: The cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) converts naive T cells into regulatory T (Treg) cells that prevent autoimmunity. However, in the presence of interleukin-6 (IL-6), TGF-beta has also been found to promote the differentiation of naive T lymphocytes into proinflammatory IL-17 cytokine-producing T helper 17 (T(H)17) cells, which promote autoimmunity and inflammation. This raises the question of how TGF-beta can generate such distinct outcomes. We identified the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid as a key regulator of TGF-beta-dependent immune responses, capable of inhibiting the IL-6-driven induction of proinflammatory T(H)17 cells and promoting anti-inflammatory Treg cell differentiation. These findings indicate that a common metabolite can regulate the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mucida, Daniel -- Park, Yunji -- Kim, Gisen -- Turovskaya, Olga -- Scott, Iain -- Kronenberg, Mitchell -- Cheroutre, Hilde -- R01 AI050265-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):256-60. Epub 2007 Jun 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Colitis/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Dibenzazepines/pharmacology ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis ; Interleukin-17/*biosynthesis ; Interleukin-2/immunology ; Interleukin-6/immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/immunology ; Listeriosis/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Spleen/cytology/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology/*immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism/pharmacology ; Tretinoin/pharmacology/*physiology
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  • 246
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: Epigenetic inheritance in mammals relies in part on robust propagation of DNA methylation patterns throughout development. We show that the protein UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains 1), also known as NP95 in mouse and ICBP90 in human, is required for maintaining DNA methylation. UHRF1 colocalizes with the maintenance DNA methyltransferase protein DNMT1 throughout S phase. UHRF1 appears to tether DNMT1 to chromatin through its direct interaction with DNMT1. Furthermore UHRF1 contains a methyl DNA binding domain, the SRA (SET and RING associated) domain, that shows strong preferential binding to hemimethylated CG sites, the physiological substrate for DNMT1. These data suggest that UHRF1 may help recruit DNMT1 to hemimethylated DNA to facilitate faithful maintenance of DNA methylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bostick, Magnolia -- Kim, Jong Kyong -- Esteve, Pierre-Olivier -- Clark, Amander -- Pradhan, Sriharsa -- Jacobsen, Steven E -- GM060398/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1760-4. Epub 2007 Aug 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; COS Cells ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/*metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 247
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: The chemokines CCL21 and CXCL13 are immune factors that dictate homing and motility of lymphocytes and dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues. However, the means by which these chemokines are regulated and how they influence cell trafficking during immune responses remain unclear. We show that CCL21 and CXCL13 are transiently down-regulated within lymphoid tissues during immune responses by a mechanism controlled by the cytokine interferon-gamma. This modulation was found to alter the localization of lymphocytes and dendritic cells within responding lymphoid tissues. As a consequence, priming of T cell responses to a second distinct pathogen after chemokine modulation became impaired. We propose that this transient chemokine modulation may help orchestrate local cellularity, thus minimizing competition for space and resources in activated lymphoid tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mueller, Scott N -- Hosiawa-Meagher, Karoline A -- Konieczny, Bogumila T -- Sullivan, Brandon M -- Bachmann, Martin F -- Locksley, Richard M -- Ahmed, Rafi -- Matloubian, Mehrdad -- AI30048/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):670-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. mueller@microbio.emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Arenaviridae Infections/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Movement ; Chemokine CCL19 ; Chemokine CCL21 ; Chemokine CXCL13 ; Chemokines, CC/genetics/*metabolism ; Chemokines, CXC/genetics/*metabolism ; Cytokines/immunology/metabolism ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Interferon-gamma/immunology/metabolism ; Listeriosis/*immunology ; Lymph Nodes/*immunology ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Spleen/*immunology ; Virus Diseases/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 248
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):176-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/analysis/*toxicity ; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/analysis/*toxicity ; Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/epidemiology/etiology ; Child ; Compensation and Redress/legislation & jurisprudence ; Defoliants, Chemical/analysis/*toxicity ; *Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Male ; Maternal Exposure ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Paternal Exposure ; Soil Pollutants/analysis ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/analysis/blood/*toxicity ; United States ; *Veterans ; Vietnam/epidemiology ; *Vietnam Conflict
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 249
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robinson, Phillip J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):551-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, Australia. probinson@cmri.com.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Clathrin-Coated Vesicles/metabolism ; Dynamin I/genetics/physiology ; Dynamin II/physiology ; Dynamin III/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; *Endocytosis ; Exocytosis ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Phosphorylation ; Presynaptic Terminals/physiology/ultrastructure ; Synapses/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptic Vesicles/*physiology/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 250
    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: The regenerative potential of skeletal muscle declines with age, and this impairment is associated with an increase in tissue fibrosis. We show that muscle stem cells (satellite cells) from aged mice tend to convert from a myogenic to a fibrogenic lineage as they begin to proliferate and that this conversion is mediated by factors in the systemic environment of the old animals. We also show that this lineage conversion is associated with an activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in aged myogenic progenitors and can be suppressed by Wnt inhibitors. Furthermore, components of serum from aged mice that bind to the Frizzled family of proteins, which are Wnt receptors, may account for the elevated Wnt signaling in aged cells. These results indicate that the Wnt signaling pathway may play a critical role in tissue-specific stem cell aging and an increase in tissue fibrosis with age.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brack, Andrew S -- Conboy, Michael J -- Roy, Sudeep -- Lee, Mark -- Kuo, Calvin J -- Keller, Charles -- Rando, Thomas A -- AG23806/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DK069989/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):807-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690295" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Cell Aging/*physiology ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Fibroblasts/cytology/physiology ; Fibrosis/*pathology ; Frizzled Receptors/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muscle, Skeletal/cytology/metabolism/*pathology ; Parabiosis ; Regeneration ; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology/*physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Wnt Proteins/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 251
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: Kelly et al. (Brevia, 20 July 2007, p. 337) questioned xenotransplant experiments supporting the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis because they found a high frequency of leukemia-initiating cells (L-IC) in some transgenic mouse models. However, the CSC hypothesis depends on prospective purification of cells with tumor-initiating capacity, irrespective of frequency. Moreover, we found similar L-IC frequencies in genetically comparable leukemias using syngeneic or xenogeneic models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, James A -- Barabe, Frederic -- Poeppl, Armando G -- Wang, Jean C Y -- Dick, John E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1722; author reply 1722.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/pathology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Separation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Leukemia/*pathology/physiopathology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology/physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology/*physiology ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology/physiopathology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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  • 252
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: Extensive studies are currently being performed to associate disease susceptibility with one form of genetic variation, namely, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In recent years, another type of common genetic variation has been characterized, namely, structural variation, including copy number variants (CNVs). To determine the overall contribution of CNVs to complex phenotypes, we have performed association analyses of expression levels of 14,925 transcripts with SNPs and CNVs in individuals who are part of the International HapMap project. SNPs and CNVs captured 83.6% and 17.7% of the total detected genetic variation in gene expression, respectively, but the signals from the two types of variation had little overlap. Interrogation of the genome for both types of variants may be an effective way to elucidate the causes of complex phenotypes and disease in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2665772/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2665772/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stranger, Barbara E -- Forrest, Matthew S -- Dunning, Mark -- Ingle, Catherine E -- Beazley, Claude -- Thorne, Natalie -- Redon, Richard -- Bird, Christine P -- de Grassi, Anna -- Lee, Charles -- Tyler-Smith, Chris -- Carter, Nigel -- Scherer, Stephen W -- Tavare, Simon -- Deloukas, Panagiotis -- Hurles, Matthew E -- Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T -- 065535/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 076113/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077009/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077014/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077046/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):848-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Dosage ; Gene Duplication ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics/methods ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phenotype ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Regression Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 253
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: Smell is an ancient sensory system present in organisms from bacteria to humans. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, gustatory and olfactory neurons regulate aging and longevity. Using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, we showed that exposure to nutrient-derived odorants can modulate life span and partially reverse the longevity-extending effects of dietary restriction. Furthermore, mutation of odorant receptor Or83b resulted in severe olfactory defects, altered adult metabolism, enhanced stress resistance, and extended life span. Our findings indicate that olfaction affects adult physiology and aging in Drosophila, possibly through the perceived availability of nutritional resources, and that olfactory regulation of life span is evolutionarily conserved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Libert, Sergiy -- Zwiener, Jessica -- Chu, Xiaowen -- Vanvoorhies, Wayne -- Roman, Gregg -- Pletcher, Scott D -- R01AG023166/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1133-7. Epub 2007 Feb 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diet ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; *Food ; *Longevity ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Mutation ; *Odors ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Odorant/*genetics/physiology ; Reproduction ; *Smell ; Transgenes ; Yeasts
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 254
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: Centrioles duplicate once in each cell division cycle through so-called templated or canonical duplication. SAK, also called PLK4 (SAK/PLK4), a kinase implicated in tumor development, is an upstream regulator of canonical biogenesis necessary for centriole formation. We found that overexpression of SAK/PLK4 could induce amplification of centrioles in Drosophila embryos and their de novo formation in unfertilized eggs. Both processes required the activity of DSAS-6 and DSAS-4, two molecules required for canonical duplication. Thus, centriole biogenesis is a template-free self-assembly process triggered and regulated by molecules that ordinarily associate with the existing centriole. The mother centriole is not a bona fide template but a platform for a set of regulatory molecules that catalyzes and regulates daughter centriole assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodrigues-Martins, A -- Riparbelli, M -- Callaini, G -- Glover, D M -- Bettencourt-Dias, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):1046-50. Epub 2007 Apr 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Cell Cycle Regulation Laboratory, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, P-2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Centrioles/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Centrosome/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Drosophila/*embryology/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Mitosis ; Oocytes/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 255
    Publication Date: 2007-11-24
    Description: Upon intravenous transplantation, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can home to specialized niches, yet most HSCs fail to engraft unless recipients are subjected to toxic preconditioning. We provide evidence that, aside from immune barriers, donor HSC engraftment is restricted by occupancy of appropriate niches by host HSCs. Administration of ACK2, an antibody that blocks c-kit function, led to the transient removal of 〉98% of endogenous HSCs in immunodeficient mice. Subsequent transplantation of these mice with donor HSCs led to chimerism levels of up to 90%. Extrapolation of these methods to humans may enable mild but effective conditioning regimens for transplantation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2527021/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2527021/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Czechowicz, Agnieszka -- Kraft, Daniel -- Weissman, Irving L -- Bhattacharya, Deepta -- 5K01DK078318/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- 5K08HL076335/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- 5R01CA086065/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5R01HL058770/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK078318/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK078318-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL076335-01A2/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL076335-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08 HL076335-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA086065/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA086065-06/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA086065-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA086065-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL058770/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL058770-06/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL058770-07/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL058770-08/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007290/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32AI0729022/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1296-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage/blood/immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Proliferation ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/immunology ; Spleen/cytology ; Time Factors ; Transplantation Chimera ; Transplantation Conditioning/*methods
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  • 256
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: MicroRNAs are a class of small RNAs that are increasingly being recognized as important regulators of gene expression. Although hundreds of microRNAs are present in the mammalian genome, genetic studies addressing their physiological roles are at an early stage. We have shown that mice deficient for bic/microRNA-155 are immunodeficient and display increased lung airway remodeling. We demonstrate a requirement of bic/microRNA-155 for the function of B and T lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Transcriptome analysis of bic/microRNA-155-deficient CD4+ T cells identified a wide spectrum of microRNA-155-regulated genes, including cytokines, chemokines, and transcription factors. Our work suggests that bic/microRNA-155 plays a key role in the homeostasis and function of the immune system.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610435/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610435/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodriguez, Antony -- Vigorito, Elena -- Clare, Simon -- Warren, Madhuri V -- Couttet, Philippe -- Soond, Dalya R -- van Dongen, Stijn -- Grocock, Russell J -- Das, Partha P -- Miska, Eric A -- Vetrie, David -- Okkenhaug, Klaus -- Enright, Anton J -- Dougan, Gordon -- Turner, Martin -- Bradley, Allan -- 077187/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G117/424/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):608-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cytokines/biosynthesis ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Targeting ; Homeostasis ; Immune System/*physiology ; Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis ; Lung/pathology ; Lung Diseases/immunology/pathology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-maf/genetics/physiology ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Vaccination
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 257
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: No animals are known to possess both ultraviolet (UV) reflectance and fluorescence that are sex-specific. We provide evidence for this separation in the jumping spider Cosmophasis umbratica, which has UV reflectance and UV-induced green fluorescence restricted to males and females, respectively. During courtship, many of the studied pairs failed to show typical display posturing when UV light was blocked. Occluding the UV component of sunlight to only one of each pair also caused atypical behavior: Females showed no interest in non-UV-reflective courting males, and males either ignored or were lackluster in courting nonfluorescing females. These results demonstrate the importance of both sex-specific hues as sexual signals for effective intraspecific communication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lim, Matthew L M -- Land, Michael F -- Li, Daiqin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):481.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cues ; Female ; *Fluorescence ; Male ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Spiders/*physiology ; *Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 258
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: Cooperative breeding systems are characterized by nonbreeding helpers that assist breeders in offspring care. However, the benefits to offspring of being fed by parents and helpers in cooperatively breeding birds can be difficult to detect. We offer experimental evidence that helper effects can be obscured by an undocumented maternal tactic. In superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus), mothers breeding in the presence of helpers lay smaller eggs of lower nutritional content that produce lighter chicks, as compared with those laying eggs in the absence of helpers. Helpers compensate fully for such reductions in investment and allow mothers to benefit through increased survival to the next breeding season. We suggest that failure to consider maternal egg-investment strategies can lead to underestimation of the force of selection acting on helping in avian cooperative breeders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russell, A F -- Langmore, N E -- Cockburn, A -- Astheimer, L B -- Kilner, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):941-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK. a.f.russell@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Body Weight ; *Breeding ; Clutch Size ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Eggs ; Energy Intake ; Female ; *Helping Behavior ; Male ; Oviposition ; Passeriformes/growth & development/*physiology
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  • 259
    Publication Date: 2007-06-30
    Description: Circadian and other natural clock-like endogenous rhythms may have evolved to anticipate regular temporal changes in the environment. We report that a mutation in the circadian clock gene timeless in Drosophila melanogaster has arisen and spread by natural selection relatively recently in Europe. We found that, when introduced into different genetic backgrounds, natural and artificial alleles of the timeless gene affect the incidence of diapause in response to changes in light and temperature. The natural mutant allele alters an important life history trait that may enhance the fly's adaptation to seasonal conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tauber, Eran -- Zordan, Mauro -- Sandrelli, Federica -- Pegoraro, Mirko -- Osterwalder, Nicolo -- Breda, Carlo -- Daga, Andrea -- Selmin, Alessandro -- Monger, Karen -- Benna, Clara -- Rosato, Ezio -- Kyriacou, Charalambos P -- Costa, Rodolfo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1895-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/*physiology ; Europe ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Geography ; Haplotypes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Photoperiod ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protein Isoforms/genetics/physiology ; Reproduction ; *Seasons ; *Selection, Genetic ; Temperature ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 260
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: Small noncoding RNAs have emerged as potent regulators of gene expression at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Recently, a class of small RNAs that interact with Piwi proteins has been discovered in the mammalian germ line and Drosophila. These Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) represent a distinct small RNA pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Haifan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):397.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. haifan.lin@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Germ Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Peptide Initiation Factors/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins/*metabolism ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex
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  • 261
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: In a report of a single patient in a persistent vegetative state, Owen et al. (Brevia, 8 September 2006, p. 1402) claimed that the presence of task-specific brain activation in response to verbal command implies both covert conscious awareness and a capacity for intention. We argue that neither can be securely inferred from the evidence presented.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658464/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658464/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nachev, Parashkev -- Husain, Masud -- 061140/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 073735/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MC_U105559847/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1221; author reply 1221.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Imperial College London, UK. p.nachev@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awareness ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Consciousness ; Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Persistent Vegetative State/physiopathology/*psychology
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  • 262
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: When first reported 4 years ago, gametogenesis from embryonic stem (ES) cells promised an accessible in vitro model to facilitate molecular analysis of the germ lineage. Formation of primordial germ cells is robust, but terminal gametogenesis remains inefficient and doubts about gamete function persist. Although useful for research, clinical use of ES cell-derived gametes appears a distant prospect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daley, George Q -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):409-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA. george.daley@childrens.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Female ; *Gametogenesis ; Germ Cells/*cytology ; Humans ; Male ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/*cytology/physiology ; Oogenesis ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa/*cytology/physiology
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  • 263
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates a set of signaling pathways, collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). The three UPR branches (IRE1, PERK, and ATF6) promote cell survival by reducing misfolded protein levels. UPR signaling also promotes apoptotic cell death if ER stress is not alleviated. How the UPR integrates its cytoprotective and proapoptotic outputs to select between life or death cell fates is unknown. We found that IRE1 and ATF6 activities were attenuated by persistent ER stress in human cells. By contrast, PERK signaling, including translational inhibition and proapoptotic transcription regulator Chop induction, was maintained. When IRE1 activity was sustained artificially, cell survival was enhanced, suggesting a causal link between the duration of UPR branch signaling and life or death cell fate after ER stress. Key findings from our studies in cell culture were recapitulated in photoreceptors expressing mutant rhodopsin in animal models of retinitis pigmentosa.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3670588/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3670588/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Jonathan H -- Li, Han -- Yasumura, Douglas -- Cohen, Hannah R -- Zhang, Chao -- Panning, Barbara -- Shokat, Kevan M -- Lavail, Matthew M -- Walter, Peter -- K08 EY018313/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- K08 EY018313-01/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY020846/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):944-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Jonathan.Lin@ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activating Transcription Factor 6/metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; *Cell Survival ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Rats ; Retina/metabolism ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/chemistry/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
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  • 264
    Publication Date: 2007-07-21
    Description: Primary cilia are essential for transduction of the Hedgehog (Hh) signal in mammals. We investigated the role of primary cilia in regulation of Patched1 (Ptc1), the receptor for Sonic Hedgehog (Shh). Ptc1 localized to cilia and inhibited Smoothened (Smo) by preventing its accumulation within cilia. When Shh bound to Ptc1, Ptc1 left the cilia, leading to accumulation of Smo and activation of signaling. Thus, primary cilia sense Shh and transduce signals that play critical roles in development, carcinogenesis, and stem cell function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rohatgi, Rajat -- Milenkovic, Ljiljana -- Scott, Matthew P -- R01 CA088060/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 20;317(5836):372-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Developmental Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17641202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cilia/*metabolism ; Cyclohexylamines/pharmacology ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Hedgehog Proteins/agonists/*metabolism ; Hydroxycholesterols/pharmacology ; Mesoderm/metabolism ; Mice ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Thiophenes/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 265
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: The production of functional male gametes is dependent on the continuous activity of germline stem cells. The availability of a transplantation assay system to unequivocally identify male germline stem cells has allowed their in vitro culture, cryopreservation, and genetic modification. Moreover, the system has enabled the identification of conditions and factors involved in stem cell self-renewal, the foundation of spermatogenesis, and the production of spermatozoa. The increased knowledge about these cells is also of great potential practical value, for example, for the possible cryopreservation of stem cells from boys undergoing treatment for cancer to safeguard their germ line.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brinster, Ralph L -- HDO44445/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):404-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cryopreservation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Germ Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Sertoli Cells/cytology/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia/*cytology/physiology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 266
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindenfors, Patrik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):596-7; author reply 596-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Achievement ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; Education/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Social Behavior ; Teaching/*methods
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 267
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Jerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):974-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Breeding ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Female ; Insemination, Artificial/veterinary ; Male ; Population Density ; Population Growth ; *Ursidae
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  • 268
    Publication Date: 2007-02-27
    Description: In Drosophila, repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs) are produced in the germ line by a Dicer-independent pathway and function through the PIWI subfamily of Argonautes to ensure silencing of retrotransposons. We sequenced small RNAs associated with the PIWI subfamily member AGO3. Although other members of PIWI, Aubergine (Aub) and Piwi, associated with rasiRNAs derived mainly from the antisense strand of retrotransposons, AGO3-associated rasiRNAs arose mainly from the sense strand. Aub- and Piwi-associated rasiRNAs showed a strong preference for uracil at their 5' ends, and AGO3-associated rasiRNAs showed a strong preference for adenine at nucleotide 10. Comparisons between AGO3- and Aub-associated rasiRNAs revealed pairs of rasiRNAs showing complementarities in their first 10 nucleotides. Aub and AGO3 exhibited Slicer activity in vitro. These data support a model in which formation of a 5' terminus within rasiRNA precursors is guided by rasiRNAs originating from transcripts of the other strand in concert with the Slicer activity of PIWI.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gunawardane, Lalith S -- Saito, Kuniaki -- Nishida, Kazumichi M -- Miyoshi, Keita -- Kawamura, Yoshinori -- Nagami, Tomoko -- Siomi, Haruhiko -- Siomi, Mikiko C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1587-90. Epub 2007 Feb 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Argonaute Proteins ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Library ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Ovary/metabolism ; Peptide Initiation Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retroelements ; Testis/metabolism
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  • 269
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Darnovsky, Marcy -- Fogel, Susan Berke -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):368-70; author reply 368-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Embryo Research/ethics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Female ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Oocyte Donation/economics/*ethics/standards
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  • 270
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Littman, Dan R -- Singh, Harinder -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1673-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. littman@saturn.med.nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, CD8/analysis ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/*immunology ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Polarity ; Cytoplasm/physiology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; *Immunologic Memory ; Listeria monocytogenes/immunology ; Listeriosis/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mitosis ; Protein Kinase C/analysis ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*cytology/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology/immunology
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  • 271
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: Clinically successful hematopoietic cell transplantation is dependent on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Here we identify the matricellular protein Nephroblastoma Overexpressed (Nov, CCN3) as being essential for their functional integrity. Nov expression is restricted to the primitive (CD34) compartments of umbilical vein cord blood, and its knockdown in these cells by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference abrogates their function in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, forced expression of Nov and addition of recombinant Nov protein both enhance primitive stem and/or progenitor activity. Taken together, our results identify Nov (CCN3) as a regulator of human hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gupta, Rajeev -- Hong, Dengli -- Iborra, Francisco -- Sarno, Samantha -- Enver, Tariq -- MC_U137961143/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U137973816/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U137973817/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):590-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, OX3 9DS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD34/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; Genetic Vectors ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Lentivirus/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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  • 272
    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: The contribution of stem and progenitor cell dysfunction and depletion in normal aging remains incompletely understood. We explored this concept in the Klotho mouse model of accelerated aging. Analysis of various tissues and organs from young Klotho mice revealed a decrease in stem cell number and an increase in progenitor cell senescence. Because klotho is a secreted protein, we postulated that klotho might interact with other soluble mediators of stem cells. We found that klotho bound to various Wnt family members. In a cell culture model, the Wnt-klotho interaction resulted in the suppression of Wnt biological activity. Tissues and organs from klotho-deficient animals showed evidence of increased Wnt signaling, and ectopic expression of klotho antagonized the activity of endogenous and exogenous Wnt. Both in vitro and in vivo, continuous Wnt exposure triggered accelerated cellular senescence. Thus, klotho appears to be a secreted Wnt antagonist and Wnt proteins have an unexpected role in mammalian aging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Hongjun -- Fergusson, Maria M -- Castilho, Rogerio M -- Liu, Jie -- Cao, Liu -- Chen, Jichun -- Malide, Daniela -- Rovira, Ilsa I -- Schimel, Daniel -- Kuo, Calvin J -- Gutkind, J Silvio -- Hwang, Paul M -- Finkel, Toren -- 1 R01 DK069989-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):803-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Cell Aging/*physiology ; Cell Count ; Cell Line ; Cell Shape ; Glucuronidase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Wnt Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Wnt1 Protein/metabolism ; Wnt3 Protein
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  • 273
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: The mechanisms that allow antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to selectively present extracellular antigen to CD8+ effector T cells (cross-presentation) or to CD4+ T helper cells are not fully resolved. We demonstrated that APCs use distinct endocytosis mechanisms to simultaneously introduce soluble antigen into separate intracellular compartments, which were dedicated to presentation to CD8+ or CD4+ T cells. Specifically, the mannose receptor supplied an early endosomal compartment distinct from lysosomes, which was committed to cross-presentation. These findings imply that antigen does not require intracellular diversion to access the cross-presentation pathway, because it can enter the pathway already during endocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burgdorf, Sven -- Kautz, Andreas -- Bohnert, Volker -- Knolle, Percy A -- Kurts, Christian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):612-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat, Bonn, Germany. sven.burgdorf@ukb.uni-bonn.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigens/*immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Endocytosis ; Endosomes/immunology/metabolism ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Lectins, C-Type/metabolism ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Lysosomes/immunology/metabolism ; Macrophages/immunology ; Mannose-Binding Lectins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Immunological ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; Pinocytosis ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, Scavenger/metabolism
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  • 274
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: Histidine kinases, used for environmental sensing by bacterial two-component systems, are involved in regulation of bacterial gene expression, chemotaxis, phototaxis, and virulence. Flavin-containing domains function as light-sensory modules in plant and algal phototropins and in fungal blue-light receptors. We have discovered that the prokaryotes Brucella melitensis, Brucella abortus, Erythrobacter litoralis, and Pseudomonas syringae contain light-activated histidine kinases that bind a flavin chromophore and undergo photochemistry indicative of cysteinyl-flavin adduct formation. Infection of macrophages by B. abortus was stimulated by light in the wild type but was limited in photochemically inactive and null mutants, indicating that the flavin-containing histidine kinase functions as a photoreceptor regulating B. abortus virulence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swartz, Trevor E -- Tseng, Tong-Seung -- Frederickson, Marcus A -- Paris, Gaston -- Comerci, Diego J -- Rajashekara, Gireesh -- Kim, Jung-Gun -- Mudgett, Mary Beth -- Splitter, Gary A -- Ugalde, Rodolfo A -- Goldbaum, Fernando A -- Briggs, Winslow R -- Bogomolni, Roberto A -- 1.U54-AI-057153/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068886/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM068886/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1090-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Brucella abortus/*enzymology/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Brucella melitensis/*enzymology ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enzyme Activation ; Flavin Mononucleotide/metabolism ; *Light ; Macrophages/*microbiology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Photochemistry ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Pseudomonas syringae/*enzymology ; Signal Transduction ; Sphingomonadaceae/*enzymology ; Virulence
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  • 275
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: The role of behavioral mechanisms in animal invasions is poorly understood. We show that asymmetric mating interactions between closely related but previously allopatric genetic groups of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a haplodiploid species, have been a driving force contributing to widespread invasion and displacement by alien populations. We conducted long-term field surveys, caged population experiments, and detailed behavioral observations in Zhejiang, China, and Queensland, Australia, to investigate the invasion process and its underlying behavioral mechanisms. During invasion and displacement, we found increased frequency of copulation leading to increased production of female progeny among the invader, as well as reduced copulation and female production in the indigenous genetic groups. Such asymmetric mating interactions may be critical to determining the capacity of a haplodiploid invader and the consequences for its closely related indigenous organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Shu-Sheng -- De Barro, P J -- Xu, Jing -- Luan, Jun-Bo -- Zang, Lian-Sheng -- Ruan, Yong-Ming -- Wan, Fang-Hao -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1769-72. Epub 2007 Nov 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China. shshliu@zju.edu.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; Copulation ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Hemiptera/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Queensland ; Reproduction ; Sex Ratio ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 276
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: Contrary to the findings of Herbert et al. (Reports, 14 April 2006, p. 279), homozygous carriers of the C allele of the rs7566605 variant near the INSIG2 gene did not exhibit a significantly increased risk for obesity in a large population-based cross-sectional German study. A subgroup analysis, however, revealed that this allele significantly increased the risk for obesity in already overweight individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosskopf, Dieter -- Bornhorst, Alexa -- Rimmbach, Christian -- Schwahn, Christian -- Kayser, Alexander -- Kruger, Anne -- Tessmann, Grietje -- Geissler, Ingrid -- Kroemer, Heyo K -- Volzke, Henry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):187; author reply 187.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Pharmacology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Germany. dieter.rosskopf@uni-greifswald.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; *Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Germany ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/*genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 277
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: Interbreeding between species (hybridization) typically produces unfit offspring. Reduced hybridization should therefore be favored by natural selection. However, this is difficult to accomplish because hybridization also sets the stage for genetic recombination to dissociate species-specific traits from the preferences for them. Here we show that this association is maintained by physical linkage (on the same chromosome) in two hybridizing Ficedula flycatchers. By analyzing the mating patterns of female hybrids and cross-fostered offspring, we demonstrate that species recognition is inherited on the Z chromosome, which is also the known location of species-specific male plumage traits and genes causing low hybrid fitness. Limited recombination on the Z chromosome maintains associations of Z-linked genes despite hybridization, suggesting that the sex chromosomes may be a hotspot for adaptive speciation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saether, Stein A -- Saetre, Glenn-Peter -- Borge, Thomas -- Wiley, Chris -- Svedin, Nina -- Andersson, Gunilla -- Veen, Thor -- Haavie, Jon -- Servedio, Maria R -- Bures, Stanislav -- Kral, Miroslav -- Hjernquist, Marten B -- Gustafsson, Lars -- Traff, Johan -- Qvarnstrom, Anna -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):95-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Population Biology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Post Office Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. s.a.sather@bio.uio.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Feathers ; Female ; Gene Flow ; *Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Speciation ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Songbirds/anatomy & histology/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 278
    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by impairments in social behaviors that are sometimes coupled to specialized cognitive abilities. A small percentage of ASD patients carry mutations in genes encoding neuroligins, which are postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecules. We introduced one of these mutations into mice: the Arg451--〉Cys451 (R451C) substitution in neuroligin-3. R451C mutant mice showed impaired social interactions but enhanced spatial learning abilities. Unexpectedly, these behavioral changes were accompanied by an increase in inhibitory synaptic transmission with no apparent effect on excitatory synapses. Deletion of neuroligin-3, in contrast, did not cause such changes, indicating that the R451C substitution represents a gain-of-function mutation. These data suggest that increased inhibitory synaptic transmission may contribute to human ASDs and that the R451C knockin mice may be a useful model for studying autism-related behaviors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235367/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3235367/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tabuchi, Katsuhiko -- Blundell, Jacqueline -- Etherton, Mark R -- Hammer, Robert E -- Liu, Xinran -- Powell, Craig M -- Sudhof, Thomas C -- AS1264/Autism Speaks/ -- K08 MH065975/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K08 MH065975-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K08 MH065975-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081164/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH52804-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):71-6. Epub 2007 Sep 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*genetics ; Brain/anatomy & histology/metabolism/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Memory ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Social Behavior ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1/metabolism ; Vesicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transport Proteins/metabolism
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  • 279
    Publication Date: 2007-07-21
    Description: Reduced insulin-like signaling extends the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila. Here, we show that, in mice, less insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs2) signaling throughout the body or just in the brain extended life span up to 18%. At 22 months of age, brain-specific Irs2 knockout mice were overweight, hyperinsulinemic, and glucose intolerant; however, compared with control mice, they were more active and displayed greater glucose oxidation, and during meals they displayed stable superoxide dismutase-2 concentrations in the hypothalamus. Thus, less Irs2 signaling in aging brains can promote healthy metabolism, attenuate meal-induced oxidative stress, and extend the life span of overweight and insulin-resistant mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taguchi, Akiko -- Wartschow, Lynn M -- White, Morris F -- DK38712/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK55326/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 20;317(5836):369-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17641201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diet ; Female ; Glucose/*metabolism ; *Homeostasis ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Insulin Resistance ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*metabolism ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Overweight ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Respiration ; *Signal Transduction ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
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  • 280
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: Hyperlipidemia, one of the most important risk factors for coronary heart disease, is often associated with inflammation. We identified lymphotoxin (LT) and LIGHT, tumor necrosis factor cytokine family members that are primarily expressed on lymphocytes, as critical regulators of key enzymes that control lipid metabolism. Dysregulation of LIGHT expression on T cells resulted in hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. In low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice, which lack the ability to control lipid levels in the blood, inhibition of LT and LIGHT signaling with a soluble lymphotoxin beta receptor decoy protein attenuated the dyslipidemia. These results suggest that the immune system directly influences lipid metabolism and that LT modulating agents may represent a novel therapeutic route for the treatment of dyslipidemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lo, James C -- Wang, Yugang -- Tumanov, Alexei V -- Bamji, Michelle -- Yao, Zemin -- Reardon, Catherine A -- Getz, Godfrey S -- Fu, Yang-Xin -- 5 T32 GM07281/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- AI062026/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA097296/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK58891/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 85516/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):285-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Dyslipidemias/drug therapy/etiology/metabolism ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/etiology ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Lipids/blood ; Liver/*metabolism ; Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; Lymphotoxin-alpha/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member ; 14/genetics/*metabolism/therapeutic use
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  • 281
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: In primates that are highly sexually dimorphic, males often reach maturity later than females, and young adult males do not show the size, morphology, and coloration of mature males. Here we describe extended male development in a hominin species, Paranthropus robustus. Ranking a large sample of facial remains on the basis of dental wear stages reveals a difference in size and robusticity between young adult and old adult males. Combined with estimates of sexual dimorphism, this pattern suggests that male reproductive strategy focused on monopolizing groups of females, in a manner similar to that of silverback gorillas. However, males appear to have borne a substantial cost in the form of high rates of predation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lockwood, Charles A -- Menter, Colin G -- Moggi-Cecchi, Jacopo -- Keyser, Andre W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1443-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. c.lockwood@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Size ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; Male ; Maxilla/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Paleodontology ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Skull/anatomy & histology
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  • 282
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dean, Rebecca -- Bonsall, Michael B -- Pizzari, Tommaso -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):383-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Beetles/physiology ; Cell Aging ; Charadriiformes/physiology ; *Copulation ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 283
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: We present a draft sequence of the genome of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector for yellow fever and dengue fever, which at approximately 1376 million base pairs is about 5 times the size of the genome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Nearly 50% of the Ae. aegypti genome consists of transposable elements. These contribute to a factor of approximately 4 to 6 increase in average gene length and in sizes of intergenic regions relative to An. gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster. Nonetheless, chromosomal synteny is generally maintained among all three insects, although conservation of orthologous gene order is higher (by a factor of approximately 2) between the mosquito species than between either of them and the fruit fly. An increase in genes encoding odorant binding, cytochrome P450, and cuticle domains relative to An. gambiae suggests that members of these protein families underpin some of the biological differences between the two mosquito species.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2868357/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2868357/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nene, Vishvanath -- Wortman, Jennifer R -- Lawson, Daniel -- Haas, Brian -- Kodira, Chinnappa -- Tu, Zhijian Jake -- Loftus, Brendan -- Xi, Zhiyong -- Megy, Karyn -- Grabherr, Manfred -- Ren, Quinghu -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Lobo, Neil F -- Campbell, Kathryn S -- Brown, Susan E -- Bonaldo, Maria F -- Zhu, Jingsong -- Sinkins, Steven P -- Hogenkamp, David G -- Amedeo, Paolo -- Arensburger, Peter -- Atkinson, Peter W -- Bidwell, Shelby -- Biedler, Jim -- Birney, Ewan -- Bruggner, Robert V -- Costas, Javier -- Coy, Monique R -- Crabtree, Jonathan -- Crawford, Matt -- Debruyn, Becky -- Decaprio, David -- Eiglmeier, Karin -- Eisenstadt, Eric -- El-Dorry, Hamza -- Gelbart, William M -- Gomes, Suely L -- Hammond, Martin -- Hannick, Linda I -- Hogan, James R -- Holmes, Michael H -- Jaffe, David -- Johnston, J Spencer -- Kennedy, Ryan C -- Koo, Hean -- Kravitz, Saul -- Kriventseva, Evgenia V -- Kulp, David -- Labutti, Kurt -- Lee, Eduardo -- Li, Song -- Lovin, Diane D -- Mao, Chunhong -- Mauceli, Evan -- Menck, Carlos F M -- Miller, Jason R -- Montgomery, Philip -- Mori, Akio -- Nascimento, Ana L -- Naveira, Horacio F -- Nusbaum, Chad -- O'leary, Sinead -- Orvis, Joshua -- Pertea, Mihaela -- Quesneville, Hadi -- Reidenbach, Kyanne R -- Rogers, Yu-Hui -- Roth, Charles W -- Schneider, Jennifer R -- Schatz, Michael -- Shumway, Martin -- Stanke, Mario -- Stinson, Eric O -- Tubio, Jose M C -- Vanzee, Janice P -- Verjovski-Almeida, Sergio -- Werner, Doreen -- White, Owen -- Wyder, Stefan -- Zeng, Qiandong -- Zhao, Qi -- Zhao, Yongmei -- Hill, Catherine A -- Raikhel, Alexander S -- Soares, Marcelo B -- Knudson, Dennis L -- Lee, Norman H -- Galagan, James -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Paulsen, Ian T -- Dimopoulos, George -- Collins, Frank H -- Birren, Bruce -- Fraser-Liggett, Claire M -- Severson, David W -- 079059/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 5 R01 AI61576-2/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI059492/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM006845/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R01 LM006845-08/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI024716/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UO1 AI50936/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1718-23. Epub 2007 May 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. nene@tigr.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Anopheles gambiae/genetics/metabolism ; Arboviruses ; Base Sequence ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Dengue/prevention & control/transmission ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; *Genome, Insect ; Humans ; Insect Proteins/genetics ; Insect Vectors/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Determination Processes ; Species Specificity ; Synteny ; Transcription, Genetic ; Yellow Fever/prevention & control/transmission
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  • 284
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brumfiel, Elizabeth M -- di Leonardo, Micaela -- Hoffman, Katherine E -- Kuzawa, Christopher W -- McDade, Thom -- Schwartzman, Helen B -- Seligman, Rebecca -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 2;318(5851):745.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Activities of Daily Living ; Animals ; Cultural Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 285
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mackinnon, Phillip -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):596-7; author reply 596-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17278256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Achievement ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Education/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Social Behavior ; Teaching/*methods
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  • 286
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1681.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/secretion ; Animals ; *Cytokines/metabolism/secretion ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ; Obesity/metabolism ; Publishing ; *Retraction of Publication as Topic ; Schools, Medical ; Universities
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  • 287
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are promising gene therapy vectors that have little or no acute toxicity. We show that normal mice and mice with mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII) develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after neonatal injection of an AAV vector expressing b-glucuronidase. AAV proviruses were isolated from four tumors and were all located within a 6-kilobase region of chromosome 12. This locus encodes several imprinted transcripts, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and microRNAs. Transcripts from adjacent genes encoding snoRNAs and microRNAs were overexpressed in tumors. Our findings implicate this locus in the development of HCC and raise concerns over the clinical use of AAV vectors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donsante, Anthony -- Miller, Daniel G -- Li, Yi -- Vogler, Carole -- Brunt, Elizabeth M -- Russell, David W -- Sands, Mark S -- R01 DK071657/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):477.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8007, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656716" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*genetics/virology ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Dependovirus/*genetics ; *Genetic Vectors ; Glucuronidase/genetics ; Liver/*virology ; Liver Neoplasms/*genetics/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; *Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Proviruses/genetics ; RNA, Small Nucleolar/genetics ; Terminal Repeat Sequences ; *Virus Integration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 288
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: Specification of germ cells in mice occurs relatively late in embryonic development. It is initiated by signals that induce expression of Blimp1, a key regulator of the germ cell, in a few epiblast cells of early postimplantation embryos. Blimp1 represses the incipient somatic program in these cells and promotes progression toward the germ cell fate. Blimp1 may also have a role in the maintenance of early germ cell characteristics by ensuring their escape from the somatic fate as well as possible reversion to pluripotent stem cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayashi, Katsuhiko -- de Sousa Lopes, Susana M Chuva -- Surani, M Azim -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):394-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Germ Cells/*cytology ; Mice ; Phenotype ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Protein Methyltransferases/genetics/physiology ; Repressor Proteins/physiology ; Transcription Factors/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 289
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dorin, Julia R -- Jackson, Ian J -- MC_U127527200/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U127527201/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1395.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. ian.jackson@hgu.mrc.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048676" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agouti Signaling Protein/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Dogs/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Hair Color/*genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/*metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Skin/metabolism ; beta-Defensins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 290
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campbell, Martha -- Cleland, John -- Ezeh, Alex -- Prata, Ndola -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1501-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA. campbell@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Child Mortality ; Communicable Disease Control ; Contraception ; *Developing Countries ; Education ; *Family Planning Policy ; Female ; *Global Health ; Humans ; Maternal Welfare ; *Population Control ; *Population Growth ; Poverty ; Public Policy ; Women's Rights ; World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 291
    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: The scale of larval dispersal of marine organisms is important for the design of networks of marine protected areas. We examined the fate of coral reef fish larvae produced at a small island reserve, using a mass-marking method based on maternal transmission of stable isotopes to offspring. Approximately 60% of settled juveniles were spawned at the island, for species with both short (〈2 weeks) and long (〉1 month) pelagic larval durations. If natal homing of larvae is a common life-history strategy, the appropriate spatial scales for the management and conservation of coral reefs are likely to be much smaller than previously assumed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Almany, Glenn R -- Berumen, Michael L -- Thorrold, Simon R -- Planes, Serge -- Jones, Geoffrey P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):742-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia. glenn.almany@jcu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Barium Compounds ; Chlorides ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Geography ; Isotopes ; Larva/physiology ; Male ; Pacific Ocean ; Papua New Guinea ; Perciformes/growth & development/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 292
    Publication Date: 2007-10-20
    Description: Genetic analysis of mammalian color variation has provided fundamental insight into human biology and disease. In most vertebrates, two key genes, Agouti and Melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r), encode a ligand-receptor system that controls pigment type-switching, but in domestic dogs, a third gene is implicated, the K locus, whose genetic characteristics predict a previously unrecognized component of the melanocortin pathway. We identify the K locus as beta-defensin 103 (CBD103) and show that its protein product binds with high affinity to the Mc1r and has a simple and strong effect on pigment type-switching in domestic dogs and transgenic mice. These results expand the functional role of beta-defensins, a protein family previously implicated in innate immunity, and identify an additional class of ligands for signaling through melanocortin receptors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2906624/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2906624/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Candille, Sophie I -- Kaelin, Christopher B -- Cattanach, Bruce M -- Yu, Bin -- Thompson, Darren A -- Nix, Matthew A -- Kerns, Julie A -- Schmutz, Sheila M -- Millhauser, Glenn L -- Barsh, Gregory S -- R01 DK064265/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK064265-08/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1418-23. Epub 2007 Oct 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17947548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agouti Signaling Protein/genetics/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Dogs/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Hair Color/*genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Keratinocytes/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/*metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Skin/metabolism ; beta-Defensins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 293
    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: During cell division, copies of mouse chromosome 7 are segregated selectively or randomly to daughter cells depending on the cell type. The mechanism for differential segregation is unknown. Because mouse left-right dynein (LRD) gene mutations result in randomization of visceral organs' laterality, we hypothesized that LRD may also function in selective chromatid segregation. Indeed, upon knock-down by RNA interference methods, LRD depletion disrupts biased segregation. LRD messenger RNA presence or absence correlates with the observed segregation patterns. This work supports the claim that LRD functions in a mechanism for selective chromatid segregation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armakolas, Athanasios -- Klar, Amar J S -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):100-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Post Office Box B, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axonemal Dyneins ; Body Patterning ; Cell Line ; Cell Lineage ; Chromatids/*physiology ; *Chromosome Segregation ; DNA Replication ; Dyneins/*genetics/*physiology ; Ectoderm/*cytology ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Endoderm/*cytology ; Interphase ; Mice ; Mitosis ; Mutation ; RNA Interference ; Recombination, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 294
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1477.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Aromatase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/*prevention & control ; Budgets ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/*economics ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Nitriles/*therapeutic use ; Postmenopause ; Triazoles/*therapeutic use ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 295
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: Insect-specific baculoviruses are increasingly used as biological control agents of lepidopteran pests in agriculture and forestry, and they have been previously regarded as robust to resistance development by the insects. However, in more than a dozen cases of field resistance of the codling moth Cydia pomonella to commercially applied C. pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) in German orchards, resistance ratios exceed 1000. The rapid emergence of resistance is facilitated by sex-linkage and concentration-dependent dominance of the major resistance gene and genetic uniformity of the virus. When the gene is fixed, resistance levels approach 100,000-fold. Our findings highlight the need for development of resistance management strategies for baculoviruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Asser-Kaiser, S -- Fritsch, E -- Undorf-Spahn, K -- Kienzle, J -- Eberle, K E -- Gund, N A -- Reineke, A -- Zebitz, C P W -- Heckel, D G -- Huber, J -- Jehle, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1916-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biotechnological Crop Protection, Department of Phytopathology, Agricultural Service Center Palatinate (DLR Rheinpfalz), Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; Genes, Insect ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Linkage ; Granulovirus/genetics/*physiology ; *Inheritance Patterns ; Male ; Moths/*genetics/*virology ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 296
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: Somatic hypermutation (SHM) is a major means by which diversity is achieved in antibody genes, and it is initiated by the deamination of cytosines to uracils in DNA by activation-induced deaminase (AID). However, the process that leads from these initiating deamination events to mutations at other residues remains poorly understood. We demonstrate that a single cytosine on the top (nontemplate) strand is sufficient to recruit AID and lead to mutations of upstream and downstream A/T residues. In contrast, the targeting of cytosines on the bottom strand by AID does not lead to substantial mutation of neighboring residues. This strand asymmetry is eliminated in mice deficient in mismatch repair, indicating that the error-prone mismatch repair machinery preferentially targets top-strand uracils in a way that promotes SHM during the antibody response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Unniraman, Shyam -- Schatz, David G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1227-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/metabolism ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; Base Sequence ; Cytidine Deaminase/*metabolism ; Cytosine/*metabolism ; DNA Mismatch Repair ; Deamination ; *Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin ; Thymine/metabolism ; Transgenes ; Uracil/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 297
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1825.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Implantation ; Embryo Research/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Embryonic Development ; *Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Politics ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 298
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: Specific sequences are designated for de novo DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides in mammalian germ cells. The result is the long-term transcriptional silencing of the methylated sequences, most of which are retrotransposons and CpG-rich sequences associated with imprinted genes. There is profound sexual dimorphism in both the nature of the sequences that undergo de novo methylation in germ cells and in the mechanism by which de novo methylation is regulated. The restriction of future gene expression by the imposition of heritable methylation patterns in germ cell genomes is characteristic of mammals but is rare in other taxa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schaefer, Christopher B -- Ooi, Steen K T -- Bestor, Timothy H -- Bourc'his, Deborah -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):398-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Development, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; Dinucleoside Phosphates/metabolism ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Silencing ; Genomic Imprinting ; Germ Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Male ; Mammals/*genetics ; Oocytes/cytology/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Sex Characteristics ; Spermatogonia/cytology/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 299
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1404.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Cloning, Organism ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Mice ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; *Zygote
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 300
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1404-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Fetus/cytology ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; Genetic Vectors ; Germ Cells/cytology ; Mice ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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