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  • Female  (182)
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  • 2005-2009  (546)
  • 1995-1999
  • 2007  (546)
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  • 2005-2009  (546)
  • 1995-1999
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  • 1
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    Damage distribution and seismological model of the November 24, 2004, Salo' (Northern Italy) earthquake (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The West side of lake of Garda, in Northern Italy, was struck by a ML=5.2 earthquake on November 24, 2004. The felt area is rather large (from Venice to Milan) and the damaged area consists of 66 municipalities, with a number of homeless of about 2200 and estimated direct damages of 215 millions of euros. Most of the damaged structures are old masonry buildings and churches, while there were almost no damage to reinforced concrete structures. The observed distribution of macroseismic intensity shows a strong azimuthal dependence, with high intensity level in a 10x10 km2 area located SW to the epicentre and rather large dispersion of values (ranging from V to VII-VIII) in the first 10 km epicentral distance. Taking into account the vulnerability level of the damaged structures and the features of the geological formations, we tried to explain the observed damage distribution in terms of finite fault properties of the source, despite the moderate magnitude of the event. Thus we hypothesised a fault geometry from seismotectonic considerations and we simulated the event by a high frequency simulation technique (Deterministic Stochastic Method, DSM). The synthetic ground motion parameters were converted into intensity values by empirical relationships and local geological conditions were considered to explain some discrepancies between simulated and observed intensities. It was possible to adequately reproduce both the observed distribution of macroseismic intensity and the ground motion recorded by an accelerometric station located at about 13 km epicentral distance.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Geneva, Switzerland
    Description: open
    Keywords: Damage ; Seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 2
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    Experimental and seismological constraints on the rheology, evolution, and alteration of the lithosphere at oceanic spreading centers (2007)
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution February 2007
    Description: Oceanic spreading centers are sites of magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes. In this thesis I present experimental and seismological constraints on the evolution of these complex regions of focused crustal accretion and extension. Experimental results from drained, triaxial deformation experiments on partially molten olivine reveal that melt extraction rates are linearly dependent on effective mean stress when the effective mean stress is low and non-linearly dependent on effective mean stress when it is high. Microearthquakes recorded above an inferred magma reservoir along the TAG segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge delineate for the first time the arcuate, subsurface structure of a long-lived, active detachment fault. This fault penetrates the entire oceanic crust and forms the high-permeability pathway necessary to sustain long-lived, high-temperature hydrothermal venting in this region. Long-lived detachment faulting exhumes lower crustal and mantle rocks. Residual stresses generated by thermal expansion anisotropy and mismatch in the uplifting, cooling rock trigger grain boundary microfractures if stress intensities at the tips of naturally occurring flaws exceed a critical stress intensity factor. Experimental results coupled with geomechanical models indicate that pervasive grain boundary cracking occurs in mantle peridotite when it is uplifted to within 4 km of the seafloor. Whereas faults provide the high-permeability pathways necessary to sustain high-temperature fluid circulation, grain boundary cracks form the interconnected network required for pervasive alteration of the oceanic lithosphere. This thesis provides fundamental constraints on the rheology, evolution, and alteration of the lithosphere at oceanic spreading centers.
    Description: Research was funded by a MIT Presidential Fellowship and NSF grants OCE-0095936, OCE-9907224, OCE-0137329, OCE-6892222, and OCE-6897400.
    Keywords: Seismology ; Sea-floor spreading
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 3
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    Structure and dynamics of the Pacific upper mantle (2007)
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution December 1997
    Description: A new tomographic technique is employed to investigate the structure and dynamics of the Pacific upper mantle. We invert band-center travel times of ScS reverberations and frequency-dependent travel times of direct S phases, upper-mantle guided waves such as SS and SSS, and the R1 and G1 surface waves for the 2D composite structure in the plane of two Pacific corridors. The frequency-dependent travel times of the turning and surface waves are measured from all three components of ground motion as phase delays relative to a radially-anisotropic, spherically-symmetric oceanic mantle model, and their 2D Fréchet kernels are constructed by a coupled-mode algorithm. The travel times of the primary ScSn and sScSn phases and their first-order reverberations from the 410 and 660 discontinuities are measured as individual phases and the 2D Fréchet kernels for these band-limited signals are calculated using the paraxial ray approximation. The model parameters include shear-speed variations throughout the mantle, perturbations to radial shear-wave anisotropy in the uppermost mantle, and the topography of the 410 and 660 discontinuities. We construct vertical tomograms through two mantle corridors: one between the Tonga subduction zone and Oahu, Hawaii, which traverses the central Pacific Ocean; and the other between the Ryukyu subduction zone and Oahu, which samples the northern Philippine Sea, the western Pacific, and the entire Hawaiian swell. Tests demonstrate that the data sets for the two corridors resolve the lateral structure in the upper mantle with a scale length of a few hundreds kilometers and greater but that the resolving power decreases rapidly in the lower mantle. The model for the Tonga-Hawaii corridor reveals several interesting features, the most significant being a regular pattern of high and low shear velocities in the upper mantle between Tonga and Hawaii. These variations, which are well resolved by the data set, have a horizontal wavelength of 1500 km, a vertical dimension of 700 km, and an amplitude of about 3%, and they show a strong positive correlation with seafloor topography and geoid-height variations along this corridor. The geoid highs correspond to a series of northwest-trending swells associated with the major hotspots of the Society, Marquesas, and Hawaiian Islands. Where these swells cross the corridor, they are underlain by high shear velocities throughout the uppermost mantle, so it is unlikely that their topography is supported by thermal buoyancy. This result is substantiated by the model from the Ryukyu-Hawaii corridor, which exhibits a prominent, fast region that extends beneath the entire Hawaiian swell. This anomaly, which resides in the uppermost 200-300 km of the mantle, is also positively correlated with the undulations of the Hawaiian-swell height. The other dominant features in the Ryukyu-Hawaii model include the high-velocity subducting slabs beneath the Ryukyu and Izu-Bonin seismic zones, which extend throughout the entire upper mantle; a very low-velocity in the uppermost 160 km of the mantle beneath the northern Philippine Sea, which is ascribed to the presence of extra water in this region; and a pronounced minimum in the amount of radial anisotropy near Hawaii, which is also seen along the Tonga-Hawaii corridor. A joint inversion of the data from the two corridors reveals the same anomaly pattern and clearly demonstrates that the swells in the Central Pacific are underlain by fast velocities. It is therefore implied that the topography of the swells in the central Pacific is supported by a chemical buoyancy mechanism which is generated by basaltic volcanism and the formation of its low-density peridotitic residuum. While the basaltic depletion mechanism can produce high shear velocities in the uppermost 200 km, it cannot explain the depth extent of the fast anomalies beneath the swells which, along Tonga-Hawaii corridor, extend well into the transition zone. It is therefore hypothesized that the central Pacific is underlain by a system of convective rolls that are confined above the 660-km discontinuity. It is likely that these rolls are predominantly oriented in the direction of plate motion (like "Richter rolls ") but the limited depth of the fast anomaly beneath the Hawaiian swell (200-300 km) suggests that their pattern is probably more complicated. Nevertheless, this convection pattern appears to be strongly correlated with the locations of the Tahitian, Marquesan, and Hawaiian hotspots, which raises interesting questions for Morgan's hypothesis that these hotspots are the surface manifestations of deep-mantle plumes.
    Description: This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant EAR- 9628351 and by the Defense Special Weapons Agency under grant DSW A-F49620-95-1- 0051.
    Keywords: Seismic tomography ; Seismology ; Upwelling ; Ocean waves
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 4
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    Reconstructing long term sediment flux from the Brooks Range, Alaska using shelf edge clinoforms (2007)
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution June 2004
    Description: Laterally extensive, well-developed clinoforms have been mapped in Early Cretaceous deposits located in the northeastern 27,000 km2 of the Colvile Basin, North Slope of Alaska. Using public domain 2-D seismic data, well logs, core photographs, and grain size data, depositional geometries within the Nanushuk and Torok formations were interpreted in order to constrain the transport conditions associated with progradation of the shoreline and construction of the continental margin out of detritus shed from the ancestral Brooks Range. Using STRATA, a synthetic stratigraphic modeling package, constructional clinoform geometries similar to those preserved in the North Slope clinoform volume (32,400 km3) were simulated. Sediment flux, marine and nonmarine diffusivities, and basin subsidence were systematically varied until a match was found for the foreset and topset slopes, as well as progradation rates over a 6 milion year period. The ability of STRATA to match the seismically interpreted geometries allows us to constrain measures of possible water and sediment discharges consistent with the observed development of the Early Cretaceous c1inoform suite. Simulations indicate that, in order to reproduce observed geometries and trends using constant input parameters, the subsidence rate must be very small, only a fraction of the most likely rate calculated from the seismic data. Constant sediment transport parameters can successfully describe the evolution of the prograding margin only in the absence of tectonic subsidence. However, further work is needed to constrain the absolute magnitude of these values and determine a unique solution for the NPR-A clinoforms.
    Keywords: Sediment transport ; Seismology ; Drill cores
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 5
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    Sparse optical microstimulation in barrel cortex drives learned behaviour in freely moving mice (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007
    Description: Electrical microstimulation can establish causal links between the activity of groups of neurons and perceptual and cognitive functions. However, the number and identities of neurons microstimulated, as well as the number of action potentials evoked, are difficult to ascertain. To address these issues we introduced the light-gated algal channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) specifically into a small fraction of layer 2/3 neurons of the mouse primary somatosensory cortex. ChR2 photostimulation in vivo reliably generated stimulus-locked action potentials at frequencies up to 50 Hz. Here we show that naive mice readily learned to detect brief trains of action potentials (five light pulses, 1 ms, 20 Hz). After training, mice could detect a photostimulus firing a single action potential in approximately 300 neurons. Even fewer neurons (approximately 60) were required for longer stimuli (five action potentials, 250 ms). Our results show that perceptual decisions and learning can be driven by extremely brief epochs of cortical activity in a sparse subset of supragranular cortical pyramidal neurons.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3425380/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3425380/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huber, Daniel -- Petreanu, Leopoldo -- Ghitani, Nima -- Ranade, Sachin -- Hromadka, Tomas -- Mainen, Zach -- Svoboda, Karel -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 3;451(7174):61-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18094685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/physiology/radiation effects ; Algal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology/*radiation effects ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology/*radiation effects ; Electric Stimulation ; Learning/*physiology/radiation effects ; Mice ; Movement/*physiology ; Optics and Photonics ; Photic Stimulation ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism/radiation effects ; Rhodopsins, Microbial/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    A receptor that mediates the post-mating switch in Drosophila reproductive behaviour (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007
    Description: Mating in many species induces a dramatic switch in female reproductive behaviour. In most insects, this switch is triggered by factors present in the male's seminal fluid. How these factors exert such profound effects in females is unknown. Here we identify a receptor for the Drosophila melanogaster sex peptide (SP, also known as Acp70A), the primary trigger of post-mating responses in this species. Females that lack the sex peptide receptor (SPR, also known as CG16752), either entirely or only in the nervous system, fail to respond to SP and continue to show virgin behaviours even after mating. SPR is expressed in the female's reproductive tract and central nervous system. The behavioural functions of SPR map to the subset of neurons that also express the fruitless gene, a key determinant of sex-specific reproductive behaviour. SPR is highly conserved across insects, opening up the prospect of new strategies to control the reproductive and host-seeking behaviours of agricultural pests and human disease vectors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yapici, Nilay -- Kim, Young-Joon -- Ribeiro, Carlos -- Dickson, Barry J -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 3;451(7174):33-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18066048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Central Nervous System/metabolism ; Conserved Sequence ; Copulation/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/*physiology ; Female ; Genitalia, Female/metabolism ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Peptides/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Substrate Specificity ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 7
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    Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors (2007)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007
    Description: Pluripotency pertains to the cells of early embryos that can generate all of the tissues in the organism. Embryonic stem cells are embryo-derived cell lines that retain pluripotency and represent invaluable tools for research into the mechanisms of tissue formation. Recently, murine fibroblasts have been reprogrammed directly to pluripotency by ectopic expression of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc) to yield induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Using these same factors, we have derived iPS cells from fetal, neonatal and adult human primary cells, including dermal fibroblasts isolated from a skin biopsy of a healthy research subject. Human iPS cells resemble embryonic stem cells in morphology and gene expression and in the capacity to form teratomas in immune-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that defined factors can reprogramme human cells to pluripotency, and establish a method whereby patient-specific cells might be established in culture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, In-Hyun -- Zhao, Rui -- West, Jason A -- Yabuuchi, Akiko -- Huo, Hongguang -- Ince, Tan A -- Lerou, Paul H -- Lensch, M William -- Daley, George Q -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 10;451(7175):141-6. Epub 2007 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18157115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Shape ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Fetus/cytology ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; HMGB Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/*metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism/transplantation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics/*metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Teratoma/pathology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    The evolutionary demography of ecological change: linking trait variation and population growth (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: Population dynamics and evolutionary change are linked by the fundamental biological processes of birth and death. This means that population growth may correlate with the strength of selection, whereas evolutionary change can leave an ecological signature. We decompose population growth in an age-structured population into contributions from variation in a quantitative trait. We report that the distribution of body sizes within a population of Soay sheep can markedly influence population dynamics, accounting for up to one-fifth of observed population growth. Our results suggest that there is substantial opportunity for evolutionary dynamics to leave an ecological signature and visa versa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pelletier, Fanie -- Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Pemberton, Josephine -- Tuljapurkar, Shripad -- Coulson, Tim -- P01 AG 22500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1571-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birth Weight ; Body Size/genetics ; Body Weight/genetics ; Ecology ; Environment ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Mathematics ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Scotland ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Sheep/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Weather
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Oocyte donation for stem cell research (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉International Stem Cell Forum Ethics Working Party -- Knoppers, Bartha Maria -- Revel, Michel -- Richardson, Genevra -- Kure, Josef -- Lotjonen, Salla -- Isasi, Rosario -- Mauron, Alexandre -- Wahlstrom, Jan -- Rager, Bracha -- Peng, Peng Lee Hin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):368-70; author reply 368-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17450633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Embryo Research/ethics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Female ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Oocyte Donation/*economics/ethics/standards ; Reimbursement Mechanisms
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Environment. Building a "green" railway in China (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peng, Changhui -- Ouyang, Hua -- Gao, Qiong -- Jiang, Yuan -- Zhang, Feng -- Li, Jun -- Yu, Qiang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):546-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut des Sciences de L'Environnement, Departement des Sciences Biologiques, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3C 3P8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Fresh Water ; Plants ; *Railroads ; Refuse Disposal ; Temperature ; Travel
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Quantitative phylogenetic assessment of microbial communities in diverse environments (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: The taxonomic composition of environmental communities is an important indicator of their ecology and function. We used a set of protein-coding marker genes, extracted from large-scale environmental shotgun sequencing data, to provide a more direct, quantitative, and accurate picture of community composition than that provided by traditional ribosomal RNA-based approaches depending on the polymerase chain reaction. Mapping marker genes from four diverse environmental data sets onto a reference species phylogeny shows that certain communities evolve faster than others. The method also enables determination of preferred habitats for entire microbial clades and provides evidence that such habitat preferences are often remarkably stable over time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉von Mering, C -- Hugenholtz, P -- Raes, J -- Tringe, S G -- Doerks, T -- Jensen, L J -- Ward, N -- Bork, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1126-30. Epub 2007 Feb 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/*classification/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Microbiology ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, rRNA ; Genetic Markers ; *Genomics ; Likelihood Functions ; Mining ; *Phylogeny ; Seawater/microbiology ; Soil Microbiology ; Water Microbiology ; Whales/microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Positive regulation of Itk PH domain function by soluble IP4 (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-mediated protein recruitment to cellular membranes is of paramount importance for signal transduction. The recruitment of many PH domains is controlled through production and turnover of their membrane ligand, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). We show that phosphorylation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) into inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4) establishes another mode of PH domain regulation through a soluble ligand. At physiological concentrations, IP4 promoted PH domain binding to PIP3. In primary mouse CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, this was required for full activation of the protein tyrosine kinase Itk after T cell receptor engagement. Our data suggest that IP4 establishes a feedback loop of phospholipase C-gamma1 activation through Itk that is essential for T cell development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Yina H -- Grasis, Juris A -- Miller, Andrew T -- Xu, Ruo -- Soonthornvacharin, Stephen -- Andreotti, Amy H -- Tsoukas, Constantine D -- Cooke, Michael P -- Sauer, Karsten -- AR048848/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):886-9. Epub 2007 Apr 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; *Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Diglycerides/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Lymphopoiesis ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Biological ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Phospholipase C gamma/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction ; Solubility ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Microbial population structures in the deep marine biosphere (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: The analytical power of environmental DNA sequences for modeling microbial ecosystems depends on accurate assessments of population structure, including diversity (richness) and relative abundance (evenness). We investigated both aspects of population structure for microbial communities at two neighboring hydrothermal vents by examining the sequences of more than 900,000 microbial small-subunit ribosomal RNA amplicons. The two vent communities have different population structures that reflect local geochemical regimes. Descriptions of archaeal diversity were nearly exhaustive, but despite collecting an unparalleled number of sequences, statistical analyses indicated additional bacterial diversity at every taxonomic level. We predict that hundreds of thousands of sequences will be necessary to capture the vast diversity of microbial communities, and that different patterns of evenness for both high- and low-abundance taxa may be important in defining microbial ecosystem dynamics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huber, Julie A -- Mark Welch, David B -- Morrison, Hilary G -- Huse, Susan M -- Neal, Phillip R -- Butterfield, David A -- Sogin, Mitchell L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):97-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Josephine Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. jhuber@mbl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaea/classification/genetics ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics ; *Biodiversity ; DNA, Archaeal/analysis ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis ; DNA, Ribosomal/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Epsilonproteobacteria/classification/genetics ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Pacific Ocean ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Ribosomal ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    South Africa. Firing of AIDS policy champion seen as setback (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):881.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & ; control ; *Administrative Personnel ; Employment ; Female ; *Health Policy ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Public Health Administration ; South Africa/epidemiology
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  • 15
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    Ecology. Tackling ecological complexity in climate impact research (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walther, Gian-Reto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):606-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. gian-reto.walther@uni-bayreuth.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; California ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Invertebrates/physiology ; *Plant Development ; Poaceae/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Rain ; Research Design ; Seasons ; Time Factors
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  • 16
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    Structural insight into pre-B cell receptor function (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: The pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) serves as a checkpoint in B cell development. In the 2.7 angstrom structure of a human pre-BCR Fab-like fragment, consisting of an antibody heavy chain (HC) paired with the surrogate light chain, the "unique regions" of VpreB and lambda5 replace the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) loop of an antibody light chain and appear to "probe" the HC CDR3, potentially influencing the selection of the antibody repertoire. Biochemical analysis indicates that the pre-BCR is impaired in its ability to recognize antigen, which, together with electron microscopic visualization of a pre-BCR dimer, suggests ligand-independent oligomerization as the likely signaling mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bankovich, Alexander J -- Raunser, Stefan -- Juo, Z Sean -- Walz, Thomas -- Davis, Mark M -- Garcia, K Christopher -- T32 AI007290/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):291-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Complementarity Determining Regions/chemistry/physiology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry/physiology ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains/chemistry/physiology ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains, Surrogate ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*chemistry/physiology/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Pre-B Cell Receptors ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*chemistry/physiology/ultrastructure ; Recombinant Proteins ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 17
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    Sound production in the clownfish Amphiprion clarkii (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: Although clownfish sounds were recorded as early as 1930, the mechanism of sound production has remained obscure. Yet, clownfish are prolific "singers" that produce a wide variety of sounds, described as "chirps" and "pops" in both reproductive and agonistic behavioral contexts. Here, we describe the sonic mechanism of the clownfish Amphiprion clarkii.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parmentier, Eric -- Colleye, Orphal -- Fine, Michael L -- Frederich, Bruno -- Vandewalle, Pierre -- Herrel, Anthony -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):1006.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Institut de Chimie, Batiment B6, Universite de Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgique. E.Parmentier@ulg.ac.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Jaw/physiology ; Ligaments/physiology ; Male ; Mouth/physiology ; Movement ; Perciformes/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Tooth/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Vocalization, Animal
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    Evolutionary ecology. Variable evolution (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):686-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Flow ; Geography ; Plants
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  • 19
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    The coevolution of parochial altruism and war (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: Altruism-benefiting fellow group members at a cost to oneself-and parochialism-hostility toward individuals not of one's own ethnic, racial, or other group-are common human behaviors. The intersection of the two-which we term "parochial altruism"-is puzzling from an evolutionary perspective because altruistic or parochial behavior reduces one's payoffs by comparison to what one would gain by eschewing these behaviors. But parochial altruism could have evolved if parochialism promoted intergroup hostilities and the combination of altruism and parochialism contributed to success in these conflicts. Our game-theoretic analysis and agent-based simulations show that under conditions likely to have been experienced by late Pleistocene and early Holocene humans, neither parochialism nor altruism would have been viable singly, but by promoting group conflict, they could have evolved jointly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi, Jung-Kyoo -- Bowles, Samuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):636-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Economics and Trade, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; *Altruism ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Game Theory ; *Hostility ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Psychological ; Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; *Warfare
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    A common allele on chromosome 9 associated with coronary heart disease (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of death in Western countries. We used genome-wide association scanning to identify a 58-kilobase interval on chromosome 9p21 that was consistently associated with CHD in six independent samples (more than 23,000 participants) from four Caucasian populations. This interval, which is located near the CDKN2A and CDKN2B genes, contains no annotated genes and is not associated with established CHD risk factors such as plasma lipoproteins, hypertension, or diabetes. Homozygotes for the risk allele make up 20 to 25% of Caucasians and have a approximately 30 to 40% increased risk of CHD.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2711874/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2711874/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McPherson, Ruth -- Pertsemlidis, Alexander -- Kavaslar, Nihan -- Stewart, Alexandre -- Roberts, Robert -- Cox, David R -- Hinds, David A -- Pennacchio, Len A -- Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne -- Folsom, Aaron R -- Boerwinkle, Eric -- Hobbs, Helen H -- Cohen, Jonathan C -- HL-066681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-082896/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL082896/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL082896-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1488-91. Epub 2007 May 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa K1Y4W7, Canada. rmcpherson@ottawaheart.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; *Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/*genetics ; Coronary Artery Disease/genetics ; Coronary Disease/*genetics ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, p16 ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proportional Hazards Models ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional ; Risk Factors
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  • 21
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    Global-scale similarities in nitrogen release patterns during long-term decomposition (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: Litter decomposition provides the primary source of mineral nitrogen (N) for biological activity in most terrestrial ecosystems. A 10-year decomposition experiment in 21 sites from seven biomes found that net N release from leaf litter is dominantly driven by the initial tissue N concentration and mass remaining regardless of climate, edaphic conditions, or biota. Arid grasslands exposed to high ultraviolet radiation were an exception, where net N release was insensitive to initial N. Roots released N linearly with decomposition and exhibited little net N immobilization. We suggest that fundamental constraints on decomposer physiologies lead to predictable global-scale patterns in net N release during decomposition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parton, William -- Silver, Whendee L -- Burke, Ingrid C -- Grassens, Leo -- Harmon, Mark E -- Currie, William S -- King, Jennifer Y -- Adair, E Carol -- Brandt, Leslie A -- Hart, Stephen C -- Fasth, Becky -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):361-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, 200 West Lake, Campus Mail 1499, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodegradation, Environmental ; Carbon/metabolism ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Humidity ; Mathematics ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Plants/*metabolism ; Poaceae ; Regression Analysis ; Seasons ; Soil Microbiology ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Trees
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  • 22
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    Regulation of hepatic stellate cell differentiation by the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: Differentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to extracellular matrix- and growth factor-producing cells supports liver regeneration through promotion of hepatocyte proliferation. We show that the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR, a tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member expressed in HSCs after fibrotic and cirrhotic liver injury in humans, is a regulator of liver repair. In mice, depletion of p75NTR exacerbated liver pathology and inhibited hepatocyte proliferation in vivo. p75NTR-/- HSCs failed to differentiate to myofibroblasts and did not support hepatocyte proliferation. Moreover, inhibition of p75NTR signaling to the small guanosine triphosphatase Rho resulted in impaired HSC differentiation. Our results identify signaling from p75NTR to Rho as a mechanism for the regulation of HSC differentiation to regeneration-promoting cells that support hepatocyte proliferation in the diseased liver.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Passino, Melissa A -- Adams, Ryan A -- Sikorski, Shoana L -- Akassoglou, Katerina -- 5T32-GM07752/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS051470/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30-NS047101/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1853-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Progression ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/*cytology ; Liver/*cytology/metabolism/pathology/physiology ; Liver Diseases/metabolism/*pathology ; *Liver Regeneration ; Mice ; Nerve Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
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    Cell signaling. The art of the soluble (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Irvine, Robin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):845-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK. rfi20@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Lymphocytes/physiology ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor)/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces/genetics/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; *Signal Transduction ; Solubility
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    Cell signaling. A ciliary signaling switch (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Christensen, Soren Tvorup -- Ott, Carolyn Marie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 20;317(5836):330-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark. stchristensen@aki.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17641189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cilia/*physiology ; Hedgehog Proteins/*metabolism ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Mice ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Sterols/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 25
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    CHD1 motor protein is required for deposition of histone variant H3.3 into chromatin in vivo (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: The organization of chromatin affects all aspects of nuclear DNA metabolism in eukaryotes. H3.3 is an evolutionarily conserved histone variant and a key substrate for replication-independent chromatin assembly. Elimination of chromatin remodeling factor CHD1 in Drosophila embryos abolishes incorporation of H3.3 into the male pronucleus, renders the paternal genome unable to participate in zygotic mitoses, and leads to the development of haploid embryos. Furthermore, CHD1, but not ISWI, interacts with HIRA in cytoplasmic extracts. Our findings establish CHD1 as a major factor in replacement histone metabolism in the nucleus and reveal a critical role for CHD1 in the earliest developmental instances of genome-scale, replication-independent nucleosome assembly. Furthermore, our results point to the general requirement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-utilizing motor proteins for histone deposition in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3014568/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3014568/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konev, Alexander Y -- Tribus, Martin -- Park, Sung Yeon -- Podhraski, Valerie -- Lim, Chin Yan -- Emelyanov, Alexander V -- Vershilova, Elena -- Pirrotta, Vincenzo -- Kadonaga, James T -- Lusser, Alexandra -- Fyodorov, Dmitry V -- GM58272/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM74233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y 275/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1087-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Haploidy ; Histone Chaperones ; Histones/*metabolism ; Male ; Mutation ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Protamines/metabolism ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transgenes
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    Immunology. The sources of a lipid conundrum (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chun, Jerold -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):208-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. jchun@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiology ; Fingolimod Hydrochloride ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology ; Lymphocytes/*physiology ; Lysophospholipids/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Mice ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/metabolism ; Propylene Glycols/pharmacology ; Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/metabolism ; Sphingosine/*analogs & derivatives/isolation & ; purification/pharmacology/physiology
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    Stability and diversity of ecosystems (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: Understanding the relationship between diversity and stability requires a knowledge of how species interact with each other and how each is affected by the environment. The relationship is also complex, because the concept of stability is multifaceted; different types of stability describing different properties of ecosystems lead to multiple diversity-stability relationships. A growing number of empirical studies demonstrate positive diversity-stability relationships. These studies, however, have emphasized only a few types of stability, and they rarely uncover the mechanisms responsible for stability. Because anthropogenic changes often affect stability and diversity simultaneously, diversity-stability relationships cannot be understood outside the context of the environmental drivers affecting both. This shifts attention away from diversity-stability relationships toward the multiple factors, including diversity, that dictate the stability of ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ives, Anthony R -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):58-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. arives@wisc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Extinction, Biological ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics
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    Neuroscience. Maternal effects on schizophrenia risk (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Patterson, Paul H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):576-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. php@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Cytokines/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/immunology ; Maternal Exposure ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Placenta/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology ; *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia/*etiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology meeting. Whale worm sperm factories (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Annelida/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/physiology ; Bone and Bones/*parasitology ; Female ; Male ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Whales/*parasitology
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    Paired-end mapping reveals extensive structural variation in the human genome (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: Structural variation of the genome involves kilobase- to megabase-sized deletions, duplications, insertions, inversions, and complex combinations of rearrangements. We introduce high-throughput and massive paired-end mapping (PEM), a large-scale genome-sequencing method to identify structural variants (SVs) approximately 3 kilobases (kb) or larger that combines the rescue and capture of paired ends of 3-kb fragments, massive 454 sequencing, and a computational approach to map DNA reads onto a reference genome. PEM was used to map SVs in an African and in a putatively European individual and identified shared and divergent SVs relative to the reference genome. Overall, we fine-mapped more than 1000 SVs and documented that the number of SVs among humans is much larger than initially hypothesized; many of the SVs potentially affect gene function. The breakpoint junction sequences of more than 200 SVs were determined with a novel pooling strategy and computational analysis. Our analysis provided insights into the mechanisms of SV formation in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674581/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674581/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korbel, Jan O -- Urban, Alexander Eckehart -- Affourtit, Jason P -- Godwin, Brian -- Grubert, Fabian -- Simons, Jan Fredrik -- Kim, Philip M -- Palejev, Dean -- Carriero, Nicholas J -- Du, Lei -- Taillon, Bruce E -- Chen, Zhoutao -- Tanzer, Andrea -- Saunders, A C Eugenia -- Chi, Jianxiang -- Yang, Fengtang -- Carter, Nigel P -- Hurles, Matthew E -- Weissman, Sherman M -- Harkins, Timothy T -- Gerstein, Mark B -- Egholm, Michael -- Snyder, Michael -- 077008/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 077014/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- RR19895/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 19;318(5849):420-6. Epub 2007 Sep 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosome Mapping ; Computational Biology ; Female ; Gene Fusion ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; *Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroelements ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Deletion
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    Biomedicine. Every joint has a silver lining (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Firestein, Gary S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):952-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0656, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656, USA. gfirestein@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology/pathology/*therapy ; Cadherins/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Mice ; Synovial Membrane/*cytology/pathology
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    Testosterone and male fertility in red deer (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉James, William H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):980-1; author reply 980-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17514797" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Deer/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Fathers ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; Male ; Paternal Exposure ; *Sex Ratio ; Testosterone/*metabolism
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    Astrobiology. Robot seeks new life--and new funding--in the abyss of Zacaton (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):322-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea ; Bacteria ; Budgets ; *Ecosystem ; *Exobiology ; Hot Springs/*microbiology ; Jupiter ; Mexico ; Robotics/economics/*instrumentation ; Software ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics ; *Water Microbiology
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    Microbiology. A proteomic snapshot of life at a vent (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, Charles R -- Girguis, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):198-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA. cfisher@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Chemoautotrophic Growth ; Citric Acid Cycle ; *Ecosystem ; Gammaproteobacteria/*metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pacific Ocean ; Polychaeta/*microbiology/*physiology ; Proteome ; *Proteomics ; Reproduction ; Sulfides/metabolism ; *Symbiosis ; Temperature
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    Emergence of novel color vision in mice engineered to express a human cone photopigment (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: Changes in the genes encoding sensory receptor proteins are an essential step in the evolution of new sensory capacities. In primates, trichromatic color vision evolved after changes in X chromosome-linked photopigment genes. To model this process, we studied knock-in mice that expressed a human long-wavelength-sensitive (L) cone photopigment in the form of an X-linked polymorphism. Behavioral tests demonstrated that heterozygous females, whose retinas contained both native mouse pigments and human L pigment, showed enhanced long-wavelength sensitivity and acquired a new capacity for chromatic discrimination. An inherent plasticity in the mammalian visual system thus permits the emergence of a new dimension of sensory experience based solely on gene-driven changes in receptor organization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobs, Gerald H -- Williams, Gary A -- Cahill, Hugh -- Nathans, Jeremy -- EY002052/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1723-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. jacobs@psych.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Color Perception/*genetics ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Electroretinography ; Female ; Genetic Engineering ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Light ; Male ; Mice ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Primates/genetics/physiology ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Retinal Pigments/*genetics/*physiology ; X Chromosome/genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Immunology. The shape of things to come (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fitzgerald, Katherine A -- Golenbock, Douglas T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 15;316(5831):1574-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. kate.fitzgerald@umassmed.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism ; *Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Animals ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Glycolipids/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ligands ; Lipid A/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Antigen 96/*chemistry/metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism
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    Explaining the relation between birth order and intelligence (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: Negative associations between birth order and intelligence level have been found in numerous studies. The explanation for this relation is not clear, and several hypotheses have been suggested. One family of hypotheses suggests that the relation is due to more-favorable family interaction and stimulation of low-birth-order children, whereas others claim that the effect is caused by prenatal gestational factors. We show that intelligence quotient (IQ) score levels among nearly 250,000 military conscripts were dependent on social rank in the family and not on birth order as such, providing support for a family interaction explanation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kristensen, Petter -- Bjerkedal, Tor -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1717.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Occupational Health, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. petter.kristensen@stami.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Birth Order ; Child ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Hierarchy, Social ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Military Personnel
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    Habitat split and the global decline of amphibians (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: The worldwide decline in amphibians has been attributed to several causes, especially habitat loss and disease. We identified a further factor, namely "habitat split"-defined as human-induced disconnection between habitats used by different life history stages of a species-which forces forest-associated amphibians with aquatic larvae to make risky breeding migrations between suitable aquatic and terrestrial habitats. In the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, we found that habitat split negatively affects the richness of species with aquatic larvae but not the richness of species with terrestrial development (the latter can complete their life cycle inside forest remnants). This mechanism helps to explain why species with aquatic larvae have the highest incidence of population decline. These findings reinforce the need for the conservation and restoration of riparian vegetation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becker, Carlos Guilherme -- Fonseca, Carlos Roberto -- Haddad, Celio Fernando Baptista -- Batista, Romulo Fernandes -- Prado, Paulo Inacio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas SP, Brazil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079402" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amphibians/growth & development/physiology ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Larva/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Trees ; Water
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    Skin biology. Why I have red hair, need to avoid the sun, and shouldn't commit a crime (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Female ; Forensic Genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Hair Color ; Humans ; Male ; Melanocytes/metabolism ; Melanoma/*genetics ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/*genetics/metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Skin Pigmentation
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    Mosaic organization of neural stem cells in the adult brain (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: The in vivo potential of neural stem cells in the postnatal mouse brain is not known, but because they produce many different types of neurons, they must be either very versatile or very diverse. By specifically targeting stem cells and following their progeny in vivo, we showed that postnatal stem cells in different regions produce different types of neurons, even when heterotopically grafted or grown in culture. This suggests that rather than being plastic and homogeneous, neural stem cells are a restricted and diverse population of progenitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merkle, Florian T -- Mirzadeh, Zaman -- Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 20;317(5836):381-4. Epub 2007 Jul 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurosurgery and Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0525, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*cytology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Astrocytes/cytology ; Brain/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Interneurons/cytology ; Lateral Ventricles/cytology ; Mice ; Neuroglia/cytology ; Neurons/*cytology ; Olfactory Bulb/cytology ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplantation, Heterotopic
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    Comment on "Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services" (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: Worm et al. (Research Articles, 3 November 2006, p. 787) reported an increasing proportion of fisheries in a "collapsed" state. We show that this may be an artifact of their definition of collapse as a fixed percentage of the maximum and that an increase in the number of managed fisheries could produce similar patterns as an increase in fisheries with catches below 10% of the maximum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilberg, Michael J -- Miller, Thomas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1285; author reply 1285.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. wilberg@cbl.umces.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Forecasting ; Population Dynamics
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    Emergent biogeography of microbial communities in a model ocean (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: A marine ecosystem model seeded with many phytoplankton types, whose physiological traits were randomly assigned from ranges defined by field and laboratory data, generated an emergent community structure and biogeography consistent with observed global phytoplankton distributions. The modeled organisms included types analogous to the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus. Their emergent global distributions and physiological properties simultaneously correspond to observations. This flexible representation of community structure can be used to explore relations between ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Follows, Michael J -- Dutkiewicz, Stephanie -- Grant, Scott -- Chisholm, Sallie W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1843-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 54-1514 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. mick@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Light ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/*physiology ; Prochlorococcus/growth & development/*physiology ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Temperature
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    Thriving Arctic bottom dwellers could get strangled by warming (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1527.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Biodiversity ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Ice Cover ; Invertebrates ; Plankton/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; Temperature
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Behavior. The ultimate ecosystem engineers (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Bruce D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1797-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Archaeobiology Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. smithb@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; *Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; *Behavior ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Molecular basis for the nerve dependence of limb regeneration in an adult vertebrate (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: The limb blastemal cells of an adult salamander regenerate the structures distal to the level of amputation, and the surface protein Prod 1 is a critical determinant of their proximodistal identity. The anterior gradient protein family member nAG is a secreted ligand for Prod 1 and a growth factor for cultured newt blastemal cells. nAG is sequentially expressed after amputation in the regenerating nerve and the wound epidermis-the key tissues of the stem cell niche-and its expression in both locations is abrogated by denervation. The local expression of nAG after electroporation is sufficient to rescue a denervated blastema and regenerate the distal structures. Our analysis brings together the positional identity of the blastema and the classical nerve dependence of limb regeneration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2696928/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2696928/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kumar, Anoop -- Godwin, James W -- Gates, Phillip B -- Garza-Garcia, A Acely -- Brockes, Jeremy P -- G0600229/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600229(77696)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9537983/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9537983(56733)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U117574559/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 2;318(5851):772-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD59/*physiology ; COS Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Denervation ; Extremities/innervation ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/physiology ; Growth Substances ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/isolation & ; purification/*physiology/secretion ; Ligands ; Mice ; Notophthalmus viridescens ; Peripheral Nerves/*physiology ; Regeneration/*physiology ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ancient biomolecules from deep ice cores reveal a forested southern Greenland (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: It is difficult to obtain fossil data from the 10% of Earth's terrestrial surface that is covered by thick glaciers and ice sheets, and hence, knowledge of the paleoenvironments of these regions has remained limited. We show that DNA and amino acids from buried organisms can be recovered from the basal sections of deep ice cores, enabling reconstructions of past flora and fauna. We show that high-altitude southern Greenland, currently lying below more than 2 kilometers of ice, was inhabited by a diverse array of conifer trees and insects within the past million years. The results provide direct evidence in support of a forested southern Greenland and suggest that many deep ice cores may contain genetic records of paleoenvironments in their basal sections.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694912/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694912/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willerslev, Eske -- Cappellini, Enrico -- Boomsma, Wouter -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Hebsgaard, Martin B -- Brand, Tina B -- Hofreiter, Michael -- Bunce, Michael -- Poinar, Hendrik N -- Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe -- Johnsen, Sigfus -- Steffensen, Jorgen Peder -- Bennike, Ole -- Schwenninger, Jean-Luc -- Nathan, Roger -- Armitage, Simon -- de Hoog, Cees-Jan -- Alfimov, Vasily -- Christl, Marcus -- Beer, Juerg -- Muscheler, Raimund -- Barker, Joel -- Sharp, Martin -- Penkman, Kirsty E H -- Haile, James -- Taberlet, Pierre -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Casoli, Antonella -- Campani, Elisa -- Collins, Matthew J -- 076905/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):111-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. ewillerslev@bi.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*analysis/history/isolation & purification ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Climate ; DNA/*analysis/history/isolation & purification ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Geography ; Greenland ; History, Ancient ; Ice Cover/*chemistry ; *Invertebrates/classification/genetics ; *Plants/classification/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Time ; *Trees
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    A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-17
    Description: Obesity is a serious international health problem that increases the risk of several common diseases. The genetic factors predisposing to obesity are poorly understood. A genome-wide search for type 2 diabetes-susceptibility genes identified a common variant in the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene that predisposes to diabetes through an effect on body mass index (BMI). An additive association of the variant with BMI was replicated in 13 cohorts with 38,759 participants. The 16% of adults who are homozygous for the risk allele weighed about 3 kilograms more and had 1.67-fold increased odds of obesity when compared with those not inheriting a risk allele. This association was observed from age 7 years upward and reflects a specific increase in fat mass.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646098/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646098/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frayling, Timothy M -- Timpson, Nicholas J -- Weedon, Michael N -- Zeggini, Eleftheria -- Freathy, Rachel M -- Lindgren, Cecilia M -- Perry, John R B -- Elliott, Katherine S -- Lango, Hana -- Rayner, Nigel W -- Shields, Beverley -- Harries, Lorna W -- Barrett, Jeffrey C -- Ellard, Sian -- Groves, Christopher J -- Knight, Bridget -- Patch, Ann-Marie -- Ness, Andrew R -- Ebrahim, Shah -- Lawlor, Debbie A -- Ring, Susan M -- Ben-Shlomo, Yoav -- Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta -- Sovio, Ulla -- Bennett, Amanda J -- Melzer, David -- Ferrucci, Luigi -- Loos, Ruth J F -- Barroso, Ines -- Wareham, Nicholas J -- Karpe, Fredrik -- Owen, Katharine R -- Cardon, Lon R -- Walker, Mark -- Hitman, Graham A -- Palmer, Colin N A -- Doney, Alex S F -- Morris, Andrew D -- Smith, George Davey -- Hattersley, Andrew T -- McCarthy, Mark I -- 079557/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0000934/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0500070/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600705/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9815508/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U106179471/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U106188470/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Z99 AG999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 11;316(5826):889-94. Epub 2007 Apr 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetics of Complex Traits, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Magdalen Road, Exeter, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17434869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Birth Weight ; *Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Great Britain ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/*genetics ; Overweight/genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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    Protein kinase C beta and prolyl isomerase 1 regulate mitochondrial effects of the life-span determinant p66Shc (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: The 66-kilodalton isoform of the growth factor adapter Shc (p66Shc) translates oxidative damage into cell death by acting as reactive oxygen species (ROS) producer within mitochondria. However, the signaling link between cellular stress and mitochondrial proapoptotic activity of p66Shc was not known. We demonstrate that protein kinase C beta, activated by oxidative conditions in the cell, induces phosphorylation of p66Shc and triggers mitochondrial accumulation of the protein after it is recognized by the prolyl isomerase Pin1. Once imported, p66Shc causes alterations of mitochondrial Ca2+ responses and three-dimensional structure, thus inducing apoptosis. These data identify a signaling route that activates an apoptotic inducer shortening the life span and could be a potential target of pharmacological approaches to inhibit aging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pinton, Paolo -- Rimessi, Alessandro -- Marchi, Saverio -- Orsini, Francesca -- Migliaccio, Enrica -- Giorgio, Marco -- Contursi, Cristina -- Minucci, Saverio -- Mantovani, Fiamma -- Wieckowski, Mariusz R -- Del Sal, Giannino -- Pelicci, Pier Giuseppe -- Rizzuto, Rosario -- GGP05284/Telethon/Italy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):659-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology and Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), University of Ferrara, Ferrera, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; *Cell Aging ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Oxidative Stress ; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/*metabolism ; Permeability ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Kinase C beta ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins ; *Signal Transduction
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    Comment on "Dispersal limitations matter for microbial morphospecies" (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: Telford et al. (Brevia, 19 May 2006, p. 1015) reported that freshwater diatoms exhibit regional-scale richness-pH relationships that depend substantially on regional habitat availability. On this basis, the authors argued that, despite their microscopic size, diatoms are not ubiquitously dispersed. Here, I describe my demonstration that their primary evidence against the ubiquitous dispersal hypothesis is spurious.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pither, Jason -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1124; author reply 1124.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, BSW 310, 1041 East Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. pitherj@email.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Diatoms/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Microbiology ; Europe ; Fresh Water ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Models, Biological ; North America ; Water Microbiology
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    A gene regulatory network subcircuit drives a dynamic pattern of gene expression (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: Early specification of endomesodermal territories in the sea urchin embryo depends on a moving torus of regulatory gene expression. We show how this dynamic patterning function is encoded in a gene regulatory network (GRN) subcircuit that includes the otx, wnt8, and blimp1 genes, the cis-regulatory control systems of which have all been experimentally defined. A cis-regulatory reconstruction experiment revealed that blimp1 autorepression accounts for progressive extinction of expression in the center of the torus, whereas its outward expansion follows reception of the Wnt8 ligand by adjacent cells. GRN circuitry thus controls not only static spatial assignment in development but also dynamic regulatory patterning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Joel -- Theodoris, Christina -- Davidson, Eric H -- HD-37105/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 2;318(5851):794-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975065" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; Male ; Sea Urchins/*genetics
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    Apoptosis initiated when BH3 ligands engage multiple Bcl-2 homologs, not Bax or Bak (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: A central issue in the regulation of apoptosis by the Bcl-2 family is whether its BH3-only members initiate apoptosis by directly binding to the essential cell-death mediators Bax and Bak, or whether they can act indirectly, by engaging their pro-survival Bcl-2-like relatives. Contrary to the direct-activation model, we show that Bax and Bak can mediate apoptosis without discernable association with the putative BH3-only activators (Bim, Bid, and Puma), even in cells with no Bim or Bid and reduced Puma. Our results indicate that BH3-only proteins induce apoptosis at least primarily by engaging the multiple pro-survival relatives guarding Bax and Bak.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, Simon N -- Fletcher, Jamie I -- Kaufmann, Thomas -- van Delft, Mark F -- Chen, Lin -- Czabotar, Peter E -- Ierino, Helen -- Lee, Erinna F -- Fairlie, W Douglas -- Bouillet, Philippe -- Strasser, Andreas -- Kluck, Ruth M -- Adams, Jerry M -- Huang, David C S -- CA43540/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA80188/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):856-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein/metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/chemistry/*metabolism ; bcl-Associated Death Protein/metabolism ; bcl-X Protein/metabolism
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    Hardwiring the brain: endocannabinoids shape neuronal connectivity (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: The roles of endocannabinoid signaling during central nervous system development are unknown. We report that CB(1) cannabinoid receptors (CB(1)Rs) are enriched in the axonal growth cones of gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing (GABAergic) interneurons in the rodent cortex during late gestation. Endocannabinoids trigger CB(1)R internalization and elimination from filopodia and induce chemorepulsion and collapse of axonal growth cones of these GABAergic interneurons by activating RhoA. Similarly, endocannabinoids diminish the galvanotropism of Xenopus laevis spinal neurons. These findings, together with the impaired target selection of cortical GABAergic interneurons lacking CB(1)Rs, identify endocannabinoids as axon guidance cues and demonstrate that endocannabinoid signaling regulates synaptogenesis and target selection in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berghuis, Paul -- Rajnicek, Ann M -- Morozov, Yury M -- Ross, Ruth A -- Mulder, Jan -- Urban, Gabriella M -- Monory, Krisztina -- Marsicano, Giovanni -- Matteoli, Michela -- Canty, Alison -- Irving, Andrew J -- Katona, Istvan -- Yanagawa, Yuchio -- Rakic, Pasko -- Lutz, Beat -- Mackie, Ken -- Harkany, Tibor -- DA00286/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA015916/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA11322/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1212-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/metabolism/*physiology ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/embryology/ultrastructure ; *Endocannabinoids ; Growth Cones/physiology/ultrasonography ; In Situ Hybridization ; Interneurons/metabolism/*physiology/ultrasonography ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; Synapses/physiology/ultrasonography ; Xenopus Proteins/physiology ; Xenopus laevis ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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    Sexual selection in males and females (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: Research on sexual selection shows that the evolution of secondary sexual characters in males and the distribution of sex differences are more complex than was initially suggested but does not undermine our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms involved. However, the operation of sexual selection in females has still received relatively little attention. Recent studies show that both intrasexual competition between females and male choice of mating partners are common, leading to strong sexual selection in females and, in extreme cases, to reversals in the usual pattern of sex differences in behavior and morphology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clutton-Brock, Tim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1882-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Body Weight ; Female ; Fertility ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Reproduction ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio
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    Reefs in trouble. Whiter shades of pale (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Cheryl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1716.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/microbiology/physiology ; Aspergillus ; Bacteria ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect
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    Blastocyst axis is specified independently of early cell lineage but aligns with the ZP shape (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: The mechanisms controlling the establishment of the embryonic-abembryonic (E-Ab) axis of the mammalian blastocyst are controversial. We used in vitro time-lapse imaging and in vivo lineage labeling to provide evidence that the E-Ab axis of the mouse blastocyst is generated independently of early cell lineage. Rather, both the boundary between two-cell blastomeres and the E-Ab axis of the blastocyst align relative to the ellipsoidal shape of the zona pellucida (ZP), an extraembryonic structure. Lack of correlation between cell lineage and the E-Ab axis can be explained by the rotation of the embryo within the ZP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurotaki, Yoko -- Hatta, Kohei -- Nakao, Kazuki -- Nabeshima, Yo-Ichi -- Fujimori, Toshihiko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):719-23. Epub 2007 Apr 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/*cytology/physiology ; Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass ; Blastomeres/*physiology ; Body Patterning ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Movement ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; *Embryonic Development ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Rotation ; Zona Pellucida/physiology/*ultrastructure
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    Free-drifting icebergs: hot spots of chemical and biological enrichment in the Weddell Sea (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: The proliferation of icebergs from Antarctica over the past decade has raised questions about their potential impact on the surrounding pelagic ecosystem. Two free-drifting icebergs, 0.1 and 30.8 square kilometers in aerial surface area, and the surrounding waters were sampled in the northwest Weddell Sea during austral spring 2005. There was substantial enrichment of terrigenous material, and there were high concentrations of chlorophyll, krill, and seabirds surrounding each iceberg, extending out to a radial distance of approximately 3.7 kilometers. Extrapolating these results to all icebergs in the same size range, with the use of iceberg population estimates from satellite surveys, indicates that they similarly affect 39% of the surface ocean in this region. These results suggest that free-drifting icebergs can substantially affect the pelagic ecosystem of the Southern Ocean and can serve as areas of enhanced production and sequestration of organic carbon to the deep sea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Kenneth L Jr -- Robison, Bruce H -- Helly, John J -- Kaufmann, Ronald S -- Ruhl, Henry A -- Shaw, Timothy J -- Twining, Benjamin S -- Vernet, Maria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):478-82. Epub 2007 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA. ksmith@mbari.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Birds ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Ice Cover ; Oceans and Seas ; *Phytoplankton/growth & development ; Sodium Chloride/analysis ; Trace Elements/analysis ; Water Movements ; *Zooplankton/growth & development
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    Reefs in trouble. Moonlight sonata on the reef (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Cheryl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1715.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/physiology ; Gene Expression ; Greenhouse Effect ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Larva/growth & development ; Reproduction ; Seawater ; Symbiosis
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    Epidemiology. New estimates scale back scope of HIV/AIDS epidemic (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1360-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Disease Outbreaks/*statistics & numerical data ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Female ; *Global Health ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology/mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; United Nations
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    AIDS research. Did Merck's failed HIV vaccine cause harm? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1048-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*adverse effects ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/prevention & control ; Adenoviruses, Human/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking
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    Relevance. Pharmacology in the high-school classroom (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwiek, Nicole C -- Halpin, Myra J -- Reiter, Jerome P -- Hoeffler, Leanne A -- Schwartz-Bloom, Rochelle D -- DA10904/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1871-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Biology/*education ; Chemistry/*education ; *Curriculum ; Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pharmacology/*education ; *Schools ; Teaching ; United States
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    Male and female Drosophila germline stem cells: two versions of immortality (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: Drosophila male and female germline stem cells (GSCs) are sustained by niches and regulatory pathways whose common principles serve as models for understanding mammalian stem cells. Despite striking cellular and genetic similarities that suggest a common evolutionary origin, however, male and female GSCs also display important differences. Comparing these two stem cells and their niches in detail is likely to reveal how a common heritage has been adapted to the differing requirements of male and female gamete production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuller, Margaret T -- Spradling, Allan C -- P01DK53074/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01GM61986/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):402-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Centrosome/physiology ; Drosophila/*cytology/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/physiology ; Female ; Germ Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Male ; Ovary/cytology ; Sex Characteristics ; Signal Transduction ; Testis/cytology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin causes necrotizing pneumonia (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: The Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a pore-forming toxin secreted by strains epidemiologically associated with the current outbreak of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and with the often-lethal necrotizing pneumonia. To investigate the role of PVL in pulmonary disease, we tested the pathogenicity of clinical isolates, isogenic PVL-negative and PVL-positive S. aureus strains, as well as purified PVL, in a mouse acute pneumonia model. Here we show that PVL is sufficient to cause pneumonia and that the expression of this leukotoxin induces global changes in transcriptional levels of genes encoding secreted and cell wall-anchored staphylococcal proteins, including the lung inflammatory factor staphylococcal protein A (Spa).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Labandeira-Rey, Maria -- Couzon, Florence -- Boisset, Sandrine -- Brown, Eric L -- Bes, Michele -- Benito, Yvonne -- Barbu, Elena M -- Vazquez, Vanessa -- Hook, Magnus -- Etienne, Jerome -- Vandenesch, Francois -- Bowden, M Gabriela -- AI020624/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1130-3. Epub 2007 Jan 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Extracellular Matrix Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Toxins/genetics ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Exotoxins/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Hemorrhage ; Leukocidins/genetics/*physiology ; Lung/microbiology/*pathology ; Methicillin Resistance ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Necrosis ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/*microbiology/*pathology ; Staphylococcal Protein A/genetics/*metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics/growth & development/metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Transcription, Genetic ; Virulence ; Virulence Factors/genetics/*physiology
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    RAP80 targets BRCA1 to specific ubiquitin structures at DNA damage sites (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: Mutations affecting the BRCT domains of the breast cancer-associated tumor suppressor BRCA1 disrupt the recruitment of this protein to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The molecular structures at DSBs recognized by BRCA1 are presently unknown. We report the interaction of the BRCA1 BRCT domain with RAP80, a ubiquitin-binding protein. RAP80 targets a complex containing the BRCA1-BARD1 (BRCA1-associated ring domain protein 1) E3 ligase and the deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) BRCC36 to MDC1-gammaH2AX-dependent lysine(6)- and lysine(63)-linked ubiquitin polymers at DSBs. These events are required for cell cycle checkpoint and repair responses to ionizing radiation, implicating ubiquitin chain recognition and turnover in the BRCA1-mediated repair of DSBs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2706583/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2706583/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sobhian, Bijan -- Shao, Genze -- Lilli, Dana R -- Culhane, Aedin C -- Moreau, Lisa A -- Xia, Bing -- Livingston, David M -- Greenberg, Roger A -- K08 CA106597/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA106597-01A2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1198-202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; DNA/*metabolism ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Repair/physiology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
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    Haploid females in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: The insect order of Hymenoptera (ants, bees, sawflies, and wasps) consists almost entirely of haplodiploid species. Under haplodiploidy, males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, whereas females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid. Although diploid males commonly occur, haploid females have never been reported. In analyzing the phenomenon of gynandromorphism in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, we found a line that generates complete phenotypic females from unfertilized eggs. These females have ovaries, can lay eggs, and are haploid, as shown by cytological and flow cytometric analyses. The data show that diploidy is not necessary for female development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beukeboom, Leo W -- Kamping, Albert -- Louter, Marina -- Pijnacker, Laas P -- Katju, Vaishali -- Ferree, Patrick M -- Werren, John H -- 5 RO1 GM070026-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Evolutionary Genetics, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Post Office Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. l.w.beukeboom@rug.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Haploidy ; Male ; Oogenesis ; Parthenogenesis ; Reproduction ; Sex Determination Processes ; Wasps/anatomy & histology/*genetics/physiology
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    AIDS research. Promising AIDS vaccine's failure leaves field reeling (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):28-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Industry ; Female ; HIV Infections/immunology/*prevention & control/virology ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Male ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology
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    Ecology: managing evolving fish stocks (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jorgensen, Christian -- Enberg, Katja -- Dunlop, Erin S -- Arlinghaus, Robert -- Boukal, David S -- Brander, Keith -- Ernande, Bruno -- Gardmark, Anna -- Johnston, Fiona -- Matsumura, Shuichi -- Pardoe, Heidi -- Raab, Kristina -- Silva, Alexandra -- Vainikka, Anssi -- Dieckmann, Ulf -- Heino, Mikko -- Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1247-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen. christian.jorgensen@bio.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/methods ; *Fishes/physiology ; Population Dynamics
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    Climate change affects marine fishes through the oxygen limitation of thermal tolerance (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: A cause-and-effect understanding of climate influences on ecosystems requires evaluation of thermal limits of member species and of their ability to cope with changing temperatures. Laboratory data available for marine fish and invertebrates from various climatic regions led to the hypothesis that, as a unifying principle, a mismatch between the demand for oxygen and the capacity of oxygen supply to tissues is the first mechanism to restrict whole-animal tolerance to thermal extremes. We show in the eelpout, Zoarces viviparus, a bioindicator fish species for environmental monitoring from North and Baltic Seas (Helcom), that thermally limited oxygen delivery closely matches environmental temperatures beyond which growth performance and abundance decrease. Decrements in aerobic performance in warming seas will thus be the first process to cause extinction or relocation to cooler waters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Portner, Hans O -- Knust, Rainer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):95-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Animal Ecophysiology, Postfach 12 01 61, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. hpoertner@awi-bremerhaven.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; Aerobiosis ; Animals ; Blood Circulation ; Body Size ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; North Sea ; Oxygen/analysis/blood/*metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Perciformes/growth & development/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Seasons ; Seawater/chemistry ; Temperature
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    Research careers. Postdoc survey finds gender split on family issues (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):897.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines ; *Career Mobility ; Child ; Child Day Care Centers ; Data Collection ; *Education, Graduate ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Prejudice ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; *Women, Working
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    Genomics. Venter's genome sheds new light on human variation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1311.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosomes, Human ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    The genomic landscapes of human breast and colorectal cancers (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: Human cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To catalog the genetic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, we isolated DNA from 11 breast and 11 colorectal tumors and determined the sequences of the genes in the Reference Sequence database in these samples. Based on analysis of exons representing 20,857 transcripts from 18,191 genes, we conclude that the genomic landscapes of breast and colorectal cancers are composed of a handful of commonly mutated gene "mountains" and a much larger number of gene "hills" that are mutated at low frequency. We describe statistical and bioinformatic tools that may help identify mutations with a role in tumorigenesis. These results have implications for understanding the nature and heterogeneity of human cancers and for using personal genomics for tumor diagnosis and therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wood, Laura D -- Parsons, D Williams -- Jones, Sian -- Lin, Jimmy -- Sjoblom, Tobias -- Leary, Rebecca J -- Shen, Dong -- Boca, Simina M -- Barber, Thomas -- Ptak, Janine -- Silliman, Natalie -- Szabo, Steve -- Dezso, Zoltan -- Ustyanksky, Vadim -- Nikolskaya, Tatiana -- Nikolsky, Yuri -- Karchin, Rachel -- Wilson, Paul A -- Kaminker, Joshua S -- Zhang, Zemin -- Croshaw, Randal -- Willis, Joseph -- Dawson, Dawn -- Shipitsin, Michail -- Willson, James K V -- Sukumar, Saraswati -- Polyak, Kornelia -- Park, Ben Ho -- Pethiyagoda, Charit L -- Pant, P V Krishna -- Ballinger, Dennis G -- Sparks, Andrew B -- Hartigan, James -- Smith, Douglas R -- Suh, Erick -- Papadopoulos, Nickolas -- Buckhaults, Phillip -- Markowitz, Sanford D -- Parmigiani, Giovanni -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Vogelstein, Bert -- CA 43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA109274/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA112828/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM070219/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA43703/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR017698/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1108-13. Epub 2007 Oct 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Neoplasm ; Databases, Genetic ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Biomedicine. HIV drug shows promise as potential cancer treatment (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; HIV Protease Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Mice ; Nelfinavir/therapeutic use
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    Polymerizing actin fibers position integrins primed to probe for adhesion sites (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: Migrating cells extend protrusions, probing the surrounding matrix in search of permissive sites to form adhesions. We found that actin fibers polymerizing along the leading edge directed local protrusions and drove synchronous sideways movement of beta1 integrin adhesion receptors. These movements lead to the clustering and positioning of conformationally activated, but unligated, beta1 integrins along the leading edge of fibroblast lamellae and growth cone filopodia. Thus, rapid actin-based movement of primed integrins along the leading edge suggests a "sticky fingers" mechanism to probe for new adhesion sites and to direct migration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galbraith, Catherine G -- Yamada, Kenneth M -- Galbraith, James A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):992-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303755" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*physiology ; Animals ; Antigens, CD29/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement/*physiology ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/physiology ; Fibronectins/metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Pseudopodia/metabolism
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    Neuroscience. Brainwashing, honeybee style (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galizia, C Giovanni -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 20;317(5836):326-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany. Galizia@uni-konstanz.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17641186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Female ; *Learning ; Male ; Odors ; Pheromones/chemistry/pharmacology/*physiology ; Social Behavior
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    CREB-binding protein modulates repeat instability in a Drosophila model for polyQ disease (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: Although expansion of trinucleotide repeats accounts for over 30 human diseases, mechanisms of repeat instability remain poorly understood. We show that a Drosophila model for the CAG/polyglutamine (polyQ) disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 recapitulates key features of human CAG-repeat instability, including large repeat changes and strong expansion bias. Instability is dramatically enhanced by transcription and modulated by nuclear excision repair and a regulator of DNA repair adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein-a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) whose decreased activity contributes to polyQ disease. Pharmacological treatment to normalize acetylation suppressed instability. Thus, toxic consequences of pathogenic polyQ protein may include enhancing repeat instability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jung, Joonil -- Bonini, Nancy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1857-9. Epub 2007 Mar 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphila, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Anticipation, Genetic ; CREB-Binding Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Repair ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/genetics ; *Genomic Instability ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/genetics ; Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology ; Machado-Joseph Disease/*genetics ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Peptides/chemistry ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transgenes ; *Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion ; *Trinucleotide Repeats
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    Dynamic visualization of thrombopoiesis within bone marrow (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: Platelets are generated from megakaryocytes (MKs) in mammalian bone marrow (BM) by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Here we describe the use of multiphoton intravital microscopy in intact BM to visualize platelet generation in mice. MKs were observed as sessile cells that extended dynamic proplatelet-like protrusions into microvessels. These intravascular extensions appeared to be sheared from their transendothelial stems by flowing blood, resulting in the appearance of proplatelets in peripheral blood. In vitro, proplatelet production from differentiating MKs was enhanced by fluid shear. These results confirm the concept of proplatelet formation in vivo and are consistent with the possibility that blood flow-induced hydrodynamic shear stress is a biophysical determinant of thrombopoiesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Junt, Tobias -- Schulze, Harald -- Chen, Zhao -- Massberg, Steffen -- Goerge, Tobias -- Krueger, Andreas -- Wagner, Denisa D -- Graf, Thomas -- Italiano, Joseph E Jr -- Shivdasani, Ramesh A -- von Andrian, Ulrich H -- HL068130/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL56949/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL63143/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1767-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immune Disease Institute and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; Blood Platelets/*cytology ; Bone Marrow/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Luminescent Proteins ; Megakaryocytes/*cytology ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton ; Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb ; Shear Strength ; Thrombopoiesis/*physiology
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    Building an HIV-proof immune system (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):612-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD34/analysis ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; HIV/genetics/immunology ; HIV Antibodies/genetics/immunology ; HIV Infections/*immunology/*therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology ; Humans ; *Immunotherapy ; Mice ; Transduction, Genetic
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    Rapid and recent changes in fungal fruiting patterns (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: Information on responses of higher organisms to climate change is dominated by events in spring. Far less is known about autumnal events and virtually nothing about communities of microorganisms. We analyzed autumnal fruiting patterns of macrofungi over the past 56 years and found that average first fruiting date of 315 species is earlier, while last fruiting date is later. Fruiting of mycorrhizal species that associate with both deciduous and coniferous trees is delayed in deciduous, but not in coniferous, forests. Many species are now fruiting twice a year, indicating increased mycelial activity and possibly greater decay rates in ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gange, A C -- Gange, E G -- Sparks, T H -- Boddy, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK. a.gange@rhul.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Coniferophyta/microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; England ; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/*growth & development ; Fungi/*growth & development ; Mycorrhizae/*growth & development ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Trees/microbiology
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    Microbiology. Mayhem in the lung (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kahl, Barbara C -- Peters, Georg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1082-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Munster, Domagkstrasse 10, D-49149 Munster, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Bacterial Toxins/analysis ; Exotoxins/analysis/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Hemorrhage ; Leukocidins/analysis/*physiology ; Lung/chemistry/microbiology/*pathology ; Methicillin Resistance ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Necrosis ; Phagocytosis ; Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/*microbiology/*pathology ; Respiratory Mucosa/microbiology ; Staphylococcal Protein A/genetics/*metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics/growth & development/metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Virulence Factors/analysis/*physiology
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    AIDS research. Promising prevention interventions perform poorly in trials (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyclovir/*therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Condoms ; *Contraceptive Devices, Female ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/transmission ; Herpes Genitalis/*drug therapy/virology ; Herpesvirus 2, Human/drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Compliance ; Virus Shedding/drug effects
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    Mutual feedbacks maintain both genetic and species diversity in a plant community (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: The forces that maintain genetic diversity among individuals and diversity among species are usually studied separately. Nevertheless, diversity at one of these levels may depend on the diversity at the other. We have combined observations of natural populations, quantitative genetics, and field experiments to show that genetic variation in the concentration of an allelopathic secondary compound in Brassica nigra is necessary for the coexistence of B. nigra and its competitor species. In addition, the diversity of competing species was required for the maintenance of genetic variation in the trait within B. nigra. Thus, conservation of species diversity may also necessitate maintenance of the processes that sustain the genetic diversity of each individual species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lankau, Richard A -- Strauss, Sharon Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1561-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California- Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ralankau@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amsinckia/growth & development ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, Plant ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Glucosinolates/genetics/*metabolism ; Malva/growth & development ; Mustard Plant/*genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Mycorrhizae/growth & development ; Selection, Genetic ; Soil Microbiology ; Sonchus/growth & development ; Species Specificity
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    Stem cell breakthrough: don't forget ethics (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lanza, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1865.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bioethical Issues ; Cellular Reprogramming/*ethics ; Chimera ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Reproductive Techniques/ethics
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    PKA type IIalpha holoenzyme reveals a combinatorial strategy for isoform diversity (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: The catalytic (C) subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is inhibited by two classes of regulatory subunits, RI and RII. The RII subunits are substrates as well as inhibitors and do not require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form holoenzyme, which distinguishes them from RI subunits. To understand the molecular basis for isoform diversity, we solved the crystal structure of an RIIalpha holoenzyme and compared it to the RIalpha holoenzyme. Unphosphorylated RIIalpha(90-400), a deletion mutant, undergoes major conformational changes as both of the cAMP-binding domains wrap around the C subunit's large lobe. The hallmark of this conformational reorganization is the helix switch in domain A. The C subunit is in an open conformation, and its carboxyl-terminal tail is disordered. This structure demonstrates the conserved and isoform-specific features of RI and RII and the importance of ATP, and also provides a new paradigm for designing isoform-specific activators or antagonists for PKA.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4036697/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4036697/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Jian -- Brown, Simon H J -- von Daake, Sventja -- Taylor, Susan S -- GM34921/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034921/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034921-23/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA009524/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):274-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIalpha Subunit ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Holoenzymes/chemistry ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Isoenzymes/chemistry ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    Cell signaling. Nuclear actin as choreographer of cell morphology and transcription (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Jiang I -- Crabtree, Gerald R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1710-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howared Hughes Medical Institute and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5323, USA. crabtree@cmgm.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*physiology ; Animals ; Cell Nucleus/*physiology ; Cell Shape/physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Mice ; Protein Transport ; Serum Response Factor/physiology ; Signal Transduction/*physiology ; Trans-Activators/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic/physiology
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    Biodiversity. Reconstructing Brazil's Atlantic rainforest (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, Bernice -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1070-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Brazil ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; Plant Development ; *Trees/growth & development
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    Clinical trials. Gene transfer an unlikely contributor to patient's death (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1535.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adalimumab ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antirheumatic Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Combined Modality Therapy/adverse effects ; Dependovirus/genetics/immunology ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Genetic Therapy/*adverse effects ; Genetic Vectors/adverse effects/immunology ; Histoplasmosis/*etiology ; Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*antagonists & inhibitors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    A plasminogen-activating protease specifically controls the development of primary pneumonic plague (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: Primary pneumonic plague is transmitted easily, progresses rapidly, and causes high mortality, but the mechanisms by which Yersinia pestis overwhelms the lungs are largely unknown. We show that the plasminogen activator Pla is essential for Y. pestis to cause primary pneumonic plague but is less important for dissemination during pneumonic plague than during bubonic plague. Experiments manipulating its temporal expression showed that Pla allows Y. pestis to replicate rapidly in the airways, causing a lethal fulminant pneumonia; if unexpressed, inflammation is aborted, and lung repair is activated. Inhibition of Pla expression prolonged the survival of animals with the disease, offering a therapeutic option to extend the period during which antibiotics are effective.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lathem, Wyndham W -- Price, Paul A -- Miller, Virginia L -- Goldman, William E -- AI53298/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK52574/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI069688-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NRSA T32 GM07067/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057160/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):509-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Cytokines/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Fibrinogen/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Lung/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Plague/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; Plasminogen/metabolism ; Plasminogen Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; Spleen/microbiology ; Tetracyclines/pharmacology ; Virulence Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Yersinia pestis/enzymology/genetics/growth & development/*pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 87
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    Ocean science. Highly active eddies (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michaels, Anthony F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):992-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. tony@usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments ; Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis ; Photosynthesis ; Plankton/*growth & development/physiology ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Silicon Dioxide/analysis ; *Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    Animal studies. NIH to end chimp breeding for research (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1265.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; *Breeding ; Female ; Male ; Models, Animal ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pan troglodytes ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    The uncertain future of research chimpanzees (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prince, Alfred M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1493-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17370358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Biomedical Research ; Breeding ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hepacivirus/immunology ; Male ; *Pan troglodytes ; United States ; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Physiology. Proteasomes keep the circadian clock ticking (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gatfield, David -- Schibler, Ueli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1135-6. Epub 2007 May 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and NCCR Frontiers in Genetics, Sciences III, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland. david.gatfield@molbio.unige.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17495136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; Cryptochromes ; F-Box Proteins/physiology ; Flavoproteins/physiology ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/physiology ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Phenotype ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Retrovirus meeting. Hope on new AIDS drugs, but breast-feeding strategy backfires (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1357.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/prevention & ; control/*transmission ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; Botswana ; Bottle Feeding/*adverse effects ; Breast Feeding/*adverse effects ; Cyclohexanes/therapeutic use ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Food Contamination ; HIV Fusion Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; HIV Integrase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Formula ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control ; Triazoles/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Immunology. The root of platelet production (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geddis, Amy E -- Kaushansky, Kenneth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1689-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103-8811, USA. kkaushansky@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Blood Platelets/*cytology ; Humans ; Megakaryocytes/*cytology ; Mice ; Thrombopoiesis/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Gene therapy. Questions remain on cause of death in arthritis trial (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1665.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adalimumab ; Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology/*therapy ; Cause of Death ; Female ; Genetic Therapy/*adverse effects ; Histoplasma ; Histoplasmosis/immunology/mortality ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Biomedical research. The endangered lab chimp (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):450-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation/ethics ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Breeding ; Female ; Genome ; Housing, Animal ; Male ; *Models, Animal ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Population Dynamics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Archaeology. Murder in Mesopotamia? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1164-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; Burial/history ; Cities/*history ; Female ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Male ; Syria ; Violence/history
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Endocrine disrupters. Controversy continues after panel rules on bisphenol A (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):884-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Child ; Endocrine Disruptors/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Phenols/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Pregnancy ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    American Association of Physical Anthropologists meeting. Adapting to Tibet's thin air (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):365.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446369" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Altitude ; Blood Volume ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nitric Oxide/blood ; Oxygen/*blood ; Pregnancy/*blood ; *Pregnancy Outcome ; Selection, Genetic ; Survival Analysis ; Tibet
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  • 98
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    Menin controls growth of pancreatic beta-cells in pregnant mice and promotes gestational diabetes mellitus (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: During pregnancy, maternal pancreatic islets grow to match dynamic physiological demands, but the mechanisms regulating adaptive islet growth in this setting are poorly understood. Here we show that menin, a protein previously characterized as an endocrine tumor suppressor and transcriptional regulator, controls islet growth in pregnant mice. Pregnancy stimulated proliferation of maternal pancreatic islet beta-cells that was accompanied by reduced islet levels of menin and its targets. Transgenic expression of menin in maternal beta-cells prevented islet expansion and led to hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance, hallmark features of gestational diabetes. Prolactin, a hormonal regulator of pregnancy, repressed islet menin levels and stimulated beta-cell proliferation. These results expand our understanding of mechanisms underlying diabetes pathogenesis and reveal potential targets for therapy in diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karnik, Satyajit K -- Chen, Hainan -- McLean, Graeme W -- Heit, Jeremy J -- Gu, Xueying -- Zhang, Andrew Y -- Fontaine, Magali -- Yen, Michael H -- Kim, Seung K -- T32DK007217-32/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 2;318(5851):806-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Diabetes, Gestational/*etiology/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Obesity/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Prolactin/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Neurobiology. Fruit fly fight club (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):180-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aggression ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Breeding ; *Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Insect ; Male ; Memory ; *Models, Animal ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Temperature sex reversal implies sex gene dosage in a reptile (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: Sex in reptiles is determined by genes on sex chromosomes or by incubation temperature. Previously these two modes were thought to be distinct, yet we show that high incubation temperatures reverse genotypic males (ZZ) to phenotypic females in a lizard with ZZ and ZW sex chromosomes. Thus, the W chromosome is not necessary for female differentiation. Sex determination is probably via a dosage-sensitive male-determining gene on the Z chromosome that is inactivated by extreme temperatures. Our data invite a novel hypothesis for the evolution of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) and suggest that sex chromosomes may exist in many TSD reptiles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quinn, Alexander E -- Georges, Arthur -- Sarre, Stephen D -- Guarino, Fiorenzo -- Ezaz, Tariq -- Graves, Jennifer A Marshall -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):411.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. quinn@aerg.canberra.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; *Gene Dosage ; Genotype ; Lizards/embryology/*genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sex Chromosomes/genetics ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sex Ratio ; Temperature
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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