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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-01-24
    Description: Author(s): A. Kawasuso, M. Maekawa, Y. Fukaya, A. Yabuuchi, and I. Mochizuki We measured the Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation (DBAR) spectra of 3 d (Fe, Co, and Ni) and 4 f (Gd, Tb, and Dy) ferromagnets under a magnetic field by using spin-polarized positrons from a 68 Ge- 68 Ga source. The results showed that the DBAR spectra of these metals have notably different ma... [Phys. Rev. B 85, 024417] Published Mon Jan 23, 2012
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007
    Description: Pluripotency pertains to the cells of early embryos that can generate all of the tissues in the organism. Embryonic stem cells are embryo-derived cell lines that retain pluripotency and represent invaluable tools for research into the mechanisms of tissue formation. Recently, murine fibroblasts have been reprogrammed directly to pluripotency by ectopic expression of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc) to yield induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Using these same factors, we have derived iPS cells from fetal, neonatal and adult human primary cells, including dermal fibroblasts isolated from a skin biopsy of a healthy research subject. Human iPS cells resemble embryonic stem cells in morphology and gene expression and in the capacity to form teratomas in immune-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that defined factors can reprogramme human cells to pluripotency, and establish a method whereby patient-specific cells might be established in culture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, In-Hyun -- Zhao, Rui -- West, Jason A -- Yabuuchi, Akiko -- Huo, Hongguang -- Ince, Tan A -- Lerou, Paul H -- Lensch, M William -- Daley, George Q -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jan 10;451(7175):141-6. Epub 2007 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18157115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Shape ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Fetus/cytology ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; HMGB Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/*metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism/transplantation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics/*metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Teratoma/pathology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-07-07
    Description: The rarity and inaccessibility of the earliest primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the mouse embryo thwart efforts to investigate molecular mechanisms of germ-cell specification. stella (also called Dppa3) marks the rare founder population of the germ lineage. Here we differentiate mouse embryonic stem cells carrying a stella transgenic reporter into putative PGCs in vitro. The Stella(+) cells possess a transcriptional profile similar to embryo-derived PGCs, and like their counterparts in vivo, lose imprints in a time-dependent manner. Using inhibitory RNAs to screen candidate genes for effects on the development of Stella(+) cells in vitro, we discovered that Lin28, a negative regulator of let-7 microRNA processing, is essential for proper PGC development. Furthermore, we show that Blimp1 (also called Prdm1), a let-7 target and a master regulator of PGC specification, can rescue the effect of Lin28 deficiency during PGC development, thereby establishing a mechanism of action for Lin28 during PGC specification. Overexpression of Lin28 promotes formation of Stella(+) cells in vitro and PGCs in chimaeric embryos, and is associated with human germ-cell tumours. The differentiation of putative PGCs from embryonic stem cells in vitro recapitulates the early stages of gamete development in vivo, and provides an accessible system for discovering novel genes involved in germ-cell development and malignancy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2729657/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2729657/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉West, Jason A -- Viswanathan, Srinivas R -- Yabuuchi, Akiko -- Cunniff, Kerianne -- Takeuchi, Ayumu -- Park, In-Hyun -- Sero, Julia E -- Zhu, Hao -- Perez-Atayde, Antonio -- Frazier, A Lindsay -- Surani, M Azim -- Daley, George Q -- DP1 OD000256/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000256-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- G0300723/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0800784/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- T32 CA009172/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 13;460(7257):909-13. doi: 10.1038/nature08210. Epub 2009 Jul 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19578360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Germ Cells/*cytology/*metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: Genetically matched pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells generated via nuclear transfer or parthenogenesis (pES cells) are a potential source of histocompatible cells and tissues for transplantation. After parthenogenetic activation of murine oocytes and interruption of meiosis I or II, we isolated and genotyped pES cells and characterized those that carried the full complement of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens of the oocyte donor. Differentiated tissues from these pES cells engrafted in immunocompetent MHC-matched mouse recipients, demonstrating that selected pES cells can serve as a source of histocompatible tissues for transplantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Kitai -- Lerou, Paul -- Yabuuchi, Akiko -- Lengerke, Claudia -- Ng, Kitwa -- West, Jason -- Kirby, Andrew -- Daly, Mark J -- Daley, George Q -- T32: HD07466/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):482-6. Epub 2006 Dec 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Segregation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/*immunology/physiology ; Female ; Genotype ; H-2 Antigens/*genetics/*immunology ; Heterozygote ; *Histocompatibility ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics/immunology ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Oocytes/cytology/immunology ; *Parthenogenesis ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*immunology/physiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombination, Genetic ; Stem Cell Transplantation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2010-07-21
    Description: Somatic cell nuclear transfer and transcription-factor-based reprogramming revert adult cells to an embryonic state, and yield pluripotent stem cells that can generate all tissues. Through different mechanisms and kinetics, these two reprogramming methods reset genomic methylation, an epigenetic modification of DNA that influences gene expression, leading us to hypothesize that the resulting pluripotent stem cells might have different properties. Here we observe that low-passage induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived by factor-based reprogramming of adult murine tissues harbour residual DNA methylation signatures characteristic of their somatic tissue of origin, which favours their differentiation along lineages related to the donor cell, while restricting alternative cell fates. Such an 'epigenetic memory' of the donor tissue could be reset by differentiation and serial reprogramming, or by treatment of iPSCs with chromatin-modifying drugs. In contrast, the differentiation and methylation of nuclear-transfer-derived pluripotent stem cells were more similar to classical embryonic stem cells than were iPSCs. Our data indicate that nuclear transfer is more effective at establishing the ground state of pluripotency than factor-based reprogramming, which can leave an epigenetic memory of the tissue of origin that may influence efforts at directed differentiation for applications in disease modelling or treatment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150836/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150836/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, K -- Doi, A -- Wen, B -- Ng, K -- Zhao, R -- Cahan, P -- Kim, J -- Aryee, M J -- Ji, H -- Ehrlich, L I R -- Yabuuchi, A -- Takeuchi, A -- Cunniff, K C -- Hongguang, H -- McKinney-Freeman, S -- Naveiras, O -- Yoon, T J -- Irizarry, R A -- Jung, N -- Seita, J -- Hanna, J -- Murakami, P -- Jaenisch, R -- Weissleder, R -- Orkin, S H -- Weissman, I L -- Feinberg, A P -- Daley, G Q -- CA86065/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000256/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000256-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- HL099999/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL093212/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL093212-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL093212-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99HL093212-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50HG003233/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA086065/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK059279/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK059279-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK059279-10/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070055/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070055-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083084/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083084-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-DK59279/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01-DK70055/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01AI047457/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI047458/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD045022/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37CA054358/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL102815/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HL102815-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC2-HL102815/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 16;467(7313):285-90. doi: 10.1038/nature09342.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20644535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Lineage/genetics ; Cellular Reprogramming/genetics ; DNA Methylation/genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Genome/genetics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-3115
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-4820
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-04-08
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-08-09
    Description: We report a lowered lattice thermal conductivity in nm-scale MnSi 1.7 /Si multilayers which were fabricated by controlling thermal diffusions of Mn and Si atoms. The thickness of the constituent layers is 1.5–5.0 nm, which is comparable to the phonon mean free path of both MnSi 1.7 and Si. By applying the above nanostructures, we reduced the lattice thermal conductivity down to half that of bulk MnSi 1.7 /Si composite materials. The obtained value of 1.0 W/K m is the experimentally observed minimum in MnSi 1.7 -based materials without any heavy element doping and close to the minimum thermal conductivity. We attribute the reduced lattice thermal conductivity to phonon scattering at the MnSi 1.7 /Si interfaces in the multilayers.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-06-19
    Description: Two carbon targets were irradiated to create plasma plumes to collide at right angle with two UV laser pulses each other at 10 J/cm 2 /pulse. The collision results in carbon plasma stagnation. Laser scattered imaging indicates that the carbon large molecular formation takes place much later in time after the laser irradiation and stagnation. Compared with the temporal history of electron density (n e ), ion density (n i ), and plasma self-emission dominated by carbon Swan band, it is estimated that the carbon large molecular formation has been initiated with the ion collision followed by the C 2 formation.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-3115
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-4820
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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