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  • Female  (1,778)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1,778)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2005-2009  (844)
  • 1985-1989  (357)
  • 1980-1984  (577)
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  • 1
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    AIDS: an international perspective (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-05
    Description: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) constitute a worldwide public health problem. Whereas in Europe and in most of the Americas transmission of HIV-1 has occurred predominantly among homosexual men and intravenous drug abusers, in Africa a distinct epidemiologic pattern has emerged that indicates that HIV-1 infection is mainly heterosexually acquired. Heterosexual transmission appears to be increasing in some parts of Latin America and the Caribbean, and possibly in the United States. In addition to HIV-1, at least one other human retrovirus, namely HIV-2, has been implicated as a cause of AIDS in Africa and Europe. Factors that influence heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 include genital ulcerations, early or late stages of HIV-1 infection in the index case, and possibly oral contraception and immune activation. The rate of perinatal transmission is enhanced when the mother's illness is more advanced. AIDS and HIV-1 infection may have a significant impact not only on public health, but also on the demography and socioeconomic conditions of some developing countries. Programs for the prevention and control of AIDS should be an immediate priority in all countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piot, P -- Plummer, F A -- Mhalu, F S -- Lamboray, J L -- Chin, J -- Mann, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):573-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3277271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/*transmission ; Female ; HIV/classification/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Sexual Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Immunotherapy of the nonobese diabetic mouse: treatment with an antibody to T-helper lymphocytes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Spontaneous diabetes mellitus was blocked in nonobese diabetic mice by treatment with a monoclonal antibody against the L3T4 determinant present on the surface of T-helper lymphocytes. Sustained treatment with the monoclonal antibody led to cessation of the lymphocytic infiltration associated with the destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. Moreover, the mice remained normoglycemic after the antibody therapy was stopped. These studies indicate that immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies to the lymphocyte subset may not only halt the progression of diabetes, but may lead to long-term reversal of the disease after therapy has ended.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shizuru, J A -- Taylor-Edwards, C -- Banks, B A -- Gregory, A K -- Fathman, C G -- AI11313/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK39959/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):659-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305-5111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2966437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*therapeutic use ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Cyclosporins/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology/*therapy ; Female ; *Immunotherapy ; Islets of Langerhans/pathology ; Lymphocytes/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Longevity and gender (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLaren, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 22;241(4864):399-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3393905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Male ; Sex Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Breast cancer study vetoed (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 15;239(4837):252.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3276002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*etiology/prevention & control ; Clinical Trials as Topic/economics ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Breast cancer-associated pS2 protein: synthesis and secretion by normal stomach mucosa (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-08-05
    Description: The human pS2 gene is specifically expressed under estrogen transcriptional control in a subclass of estrogen receptor-containing human breast cancer cells. The pS2 gene encodes an 84-amino acid protein that is secreted after signal peptide cleavage. The distribution of pS2 protein in normal human tissues was studied with antibodies to pS2; pS2 was specifically expressed and secreted by mucosa cells of the normal stomach antrum and body of both female and male individuals. Moreover, no estrogen receptor could be detected in these cells, indicating that pS2 gene expression is estrogen-independent in the stomach. The function of the pS2 protein in the gastrointestinal tract is unknown. However, the pS2 protein is similar in sequence to a porcine pancreatic protein that has been shown to inhibit gastrointestinal motility and gastric secretion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rio, M C -- Bellocq, J P -- Daniel, J Y -- Tomasetto, C -- Lathe, R -- Chenard, M P -- Batzenschlager, A -- Chambon, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Aug 5;241(4866):705-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS et U. 184 de l'INSERM, Institut de Chimie Biologique, Faculte de Medecine, Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3041593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Exons ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/secretion ; *Proteins ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Tissue Distribution ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Structural rearrangement of the retinoblastoma gene in human breast carcinoma (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-10-14
    Description: Structural changes of the human retinoblastoma gene have been demonstrated previously in retinoblastoma and some clinically related tumors including osteosarcoma. Structural aberrations of the retinoblastoma locus (RB1) were observed in 25% of breast tumor cell lines studied and 7% of the primary tumors. These changes include homozygous internal deletions and total deletion of RB1; a duplication of an exon was observed in one of the cell lines. In all cases, structural changes either resulted in the absence or truncation of the RB1 transcript. No obvious defect in RB1 was detected by DNA blot analysis in primary tumors or cell lines from Wilms' tumor, cervical carcinoma, or hepatoma. These results further support the concept that the human RB1 gene has pleiotropic effects on specific types of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉T'Ang, A -- Varley, J M -- Chakraborty, S -- Murphree, A L -- Fung, Y K -- CA44754/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Oct 14;242(4876):263-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology/Oncology, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, CA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3175651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Probes ; Exons ; Eye Neoplasms/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Rearrangement ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Menopause ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Retinoblastoma/*genetics ; Risk Factors ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 7
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    Congenital poisoning by polychlorinated biphenyls and their contaminants in Taiwan (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-07-15
    Description: In 1979, a mass poisoning occurred in Taiwan from cooking oil contaminated by thermally degraded polychlorinated biphenyls. Because these chemicals persist in human tissue, children born to female patients after the outbreak were exposed in utero. In 1985, 117 children born to affected women and 108 unexposed controls were examined and evaluated. The exposed children were shorter and lighter than controls; they had abnormalities of gingiva, skin, nails, teeth, and lungs more frequently than did controls. The exposed children showed delay of developmental milestones, deficits on formal developmental testing, and abnormalities on behavioral assessment. These findings are most consistent with a generalized disorder of ectodermal tissue. This syndrome is one of very few documented to result from transplacental exposure to pollutant chemicals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogan, W J -- Gladen, B C -- Hung, K L -- Koong, S L -- Shih, L Y -- Taylor, J S -- Wu, Y C -- Yang, D -- Ragan, N B -- Hsu, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jul 15;241(4863):334-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3133768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conjunctivitis/chemically induced/congenital ; Female ; Growth Disorders/chemically induced ; Humans ; Lactation ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Nails, Malformed ; Oils/*adverse effects ; Pigmentation Disorders/chemically induced/congenital ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*poisoning ; Pregnancy ; Taiwan
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  • 8
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    Nuclear factors in B lymphoma enhance splicing of mouse membrane-bound mu mRNA in Xenopus oocytes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-29
    Description: Regulation of the synthesis of membrane-bound and secreted immunoglobulin mu heavy chains at the level of RNA processing is an important element for B cell development. The precursor mu RNA is either polyadenylated at the upstream poly(A) site (for the secreted form) or spliced (for the membrane-bound form) in a mutually exclusive manner. When the mouse mu gene linked to the SV40/HSV-TK hybrid promoter was microinjected into Xenopus oocytes, the mu messenger RNA (mRNA) was altered by coinjection of nuclei of mouse surface IgM-bearing B-lymphoma cells to include the synthesis of the membrane-bound form. An increase in the membrane-bound form was not observed when nuclei of IgM-secreting hybridoma cells or fibroblast cells were coinjected. Deletion of the upstream poly(A) site did not eliminate the effect of B-lymphoma nuclei suggesting that membrane-specific splicing is stimulated. Further, splicing of other mu gene introns was not affected by coinjection of B-lymphoma nuclei. These results suggest that mature B cells contain one or more transacting nuclear factors that stimulate splicing specific for membrane-bound mu mRNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsurushita, N -- Ho, L -- Korn, L J -- AI21298/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):494-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3124268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/ultrastructure ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*physiology ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Hybridomas/ultrastructure ; Immunoglobulin M/genetics ; Immunoglobulin mu-Chains/*genetics ; Introns ; Lymphoma/*immunology/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Microinjections ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Molecular cloning of two types of GAP complementary DNA from human placenta (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-23
    Description: The ras p21 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) was purified from human placental tissue. Internal amino acid sequence was obtained from this 120,000-dalton protein and, by means of this sequence, two types of complementary DNA clones were isolated and characterized. One type encoded GAP with a predicted molecular mass of 116,000 daltons and 96% identity with bovine GAP. The messenger RNA of this GAP was detected in human lung, brain, liver, leukocytes, and placenta. The second type appeared to be generated by a differential splicing mechanism and encoded a novel form of GAP with a predicted molecular mass of 100,400 daltons. This protein lacks the hydrophobic amino terminus characteristic of the larger species, but retains GAP activity. The messenger RNA of this type was abundantly expressed in placenta and in several human cell lines, but not in adult tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trahey, M -- Wong, G -- Halenbeck, R -- Rubinfeld, B -- Martin, G A -- Ladner, M -- Long, C M -- Crosier, W J -- Watt, K -- Koths, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 23;242(4886):1697-700.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Cetus Corp., Emeryville, CA 94608.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Brain Chemistry ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Female ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Leukocytes/analysis ; Liver/analysis ; Lung/analysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Placenta/*analysis ; Pregnancy ; Proteins/*genetics/isolation & purification ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
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  • 10
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    Tandem array of human visual pigment genes at Xq28 (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-06-17
    Description: Unequal crossing-over within a head-to-tail tandem array of the homologous red and green visual pigment genes has been proposed to explain the observed variation in green-pigment gene number among individuals and the prevalence of red-green fusion genes among color-blind subjects. This model was tested by probing the structure of the red and green pigment loci with long-range physical mapping techniques. The loci were found to constitute a gene array with an approximately 39-kilobase repeat length. The position of the red pigment gene at the 5' edge of the array explains its lack of variation in copy number. Restriction maps of the array in four individuals who differ in gene number are consistent with a head-to-tail configuration of the genes. These results provide physical evidence in support of the model and help to explain the high incidence of color blindness in the human population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vollrath, D -- Nathans, J -- Davis, R W -- GM21891/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jun 17;240(4859):1669-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2837827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Color Vision Defects/*genetics ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retinal Pigments/*genetics ; *X Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Functional expression of a new pharmacological subtype of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-15
    Description: A new type of agonist-binding subunit of rat neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) was identified. Rat genomic DNA and complementary DNA encoding this subunit (alpha 2) were cloned and analyzed. Complementary DNA expression studies in Xenopus oocytes revealed that the injection of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for alpha 2 and beta 2 (a neuronal nAChR subunit) led to the generation of a functional nAChR. In contrast to the other known neuronal nAChRs, the receptor produced by the injection of alpha 2 and beta 2 mRNAs was resistant to the alpha-neurotoxin Bgt3.1. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that alpha 2 mRNA was expressed in a small number of regions, in contrast to the wide distribution of the other known agonist-binding subunits (alpha 3 and alpha 4) mRNAs. These results demonstrate that the alpha 2 subunit differs from other known agonist-binding alpha-subunits of nAChRs in its distribution in the brain and in its pharmacology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wada, K -- Ballivet, M -- Boulter, J -- Connolly, J -- Wada, E -- Deneris, E S -- Swanson, L W -- Heinemann, S -- Patrick, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 15;240(4850):330-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2832952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*metabolism ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Female ; *Genes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nucleotide Mapping ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 12
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    Aggregation of lysine-containing zeins into protein bodies in Xenopus oocytes (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Zeins, the storage proteins of maize, are totally lacking in the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. Lysine codons and lysine- and tryptophan-encoding oligonucleotides were introduced at several positions into a 19-kilodalton zein complementary DNA by oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis. A 450-base pair open reading frame from a simian virus 40 (SV40) coat protein was also engineered into the zein coding region. Messenger RNAs for the modified zeins were synthesized in vitro with an SP6 RNA polymerase system and injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The modifications did not affect the translation, signal peptide cleavage, or stability of the zeins. The ability of the modified zeins to assemble into structures similar to maize protein bodies was assayed by two criteria: assembly into membrane-bound vesicles resistant to exogenously added protease, and ability to self-aggregate into dense structures. All of the modified zeins were membrane-bound; only the one containing a 17-kilodalton SV40 protein fragment was unable to aggregate. These findings suggest that it may be possible to create high-lysine corn by genetic engineering.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, J C -- Galili, G -- Kawata, E E -- Cuellar, R E -- Shotwell, M A -- Larkins, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):662-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2834822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Genetic Engineering ; *Lysine/genetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Simian virus 40/genetics ; Xenopus laevis ; Zea mays ; Zein/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 13
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    Mitochondrial DNA mutation associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-12-09
    Description: Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is a maternally inherited disease resulting in optic nerve degeneration and cardiac dysrhythmia. A mitochondrial DNA replacement mutation was identified that correlated with this disease in multiple families. This mutation converted a highly conserved arginine to a histidine at codon 340 in the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 gene and eliminated an Sfa NI site, thus providing a simple diagnostic test. This finding demonstrated that a nucleotide change in a mitochondrial DNA energy production gene can result in a neurological disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, D C -- Singh, G -- Lott, M T -- Hodge, J A -- Schurr, T G -- Lezza, A M -- Elsas, L J 2nd -- Nikoskelainen, E K -- NS21328/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 9;242(4884):1427-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3201231" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Continental Ancestry Group ; Animals ; Arginine ; Cytochrome Reductases/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; *Genes ; Georgia ; Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy/*genetics ; Histidine ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Male ; *Mutation ; NADH Dehydrogenase/*genetics ; Optic Atrophies, Hereditary/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Reference Values
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  • 14
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    Can psychotherapy delay cancer deaths? (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):448-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2814475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*therapy ; Female ; Humans ; *Psychotherapy, Group ; Survival Analysis
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  • 15
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    Freeze avoidance in a mammal: body temperatures below 0 degree C in an Arctic hibernator (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-30
    Description: Hibernating arctic ground squirrels, Spermophilus parryii, were able to adopt and spontaneously arouse from core body temperatures as low as -2.9 degrees C without freezing. Abdominal body temperatures of ground squirrels hibernating in outdoor burrows were recorded with temperature-sensitive radiotransmitter implants. Body temperatures and soil temperatures at hibernaculum depth reached average minima during February of -1.9 degrees and -6 degrees C, respectively. Laboratory-housed ground squirrels hibernating in ambient temperatures of -4.3 degrees C maintained above 0 degree C thoracic temperatures but decreased colonic temperatures to as low as -1.3 degrees C. Plasma sampled from animals with below 0 degree C body temperatures had normal solute concentrations and showed no evidence of containing antifreeze molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, B M -- HD 23383/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1593-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks 99775-0180.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antifreeze Proteins ; Arctic Regions ; Arousal ; *Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Female ; *Freezing ; Glycoproteins/analysis ; *Hibernation ; Male ; Sciuridae/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Seroprevalence and epidemiological correlates of HTLV-I infection in U.S. blood donors (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-29
    Description: Screening for human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibodies was performed on sera from 39,898 blood donors at eight blood centers in geographically distinct areas of the United States. Ten donors (0.025 percent) showed evidence of HTLV-I seropositivity by enzyme immunoassays; this was confirmed by protein immunoblot and radioimmunoprecipitation. Seroprevalence rates ranged from 0 to 0.10 percent at the locations sampled, with HTLV-I antibodies found predominantly in donors from the southeastern and southwestern United States. Matched case-control interviews and laboratory studies were performed on five seropositive women and two seropositive men who participated in an identity-linked collection of sera from a subset of 33,893 donors at six of the eight blood centers. Four of the women and both men are black; one woman is Caucasian. Four of the seven seropositive individuals admitted to prior intravenous drug abuse or sexual contact with an intravenous drug user. Sexual contact with native inhabitants of an HTLV-I endemic area was the only identified risk factor for one male. The distribution of HTLV-I antibodies in this U.S. blood donor sample corroborates the previously reported epidemiology of this agent and suggests that additional donor screening measures, including the testing of donated blood for HTLV-I markers, may be necessary to prevent the spread of HTLV-I to transfusion recipients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, A E -- Fang, C T -- Slamon, D J -- Poiesz, B J -- Sandler, S G -- Darr, W F 2nd -- Shulman, G -- McGowan, E I -- Douglas, D K -- Bowman, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Apr 29;240(4852):643-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉American Red Cross Jerome H. Holland Laboratory, Rockville, MD 20855.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2896386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; *Blood Donors ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Deltaretrovirus Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/transmission ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Japan ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Partners ; Substance-Related Disorders ; United States
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  • 17
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    Temperature and sperm incorporation in polyploid salamanders (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-24
    Description: Although most animals reproduce sexually, a number of all-female groups exist. Triploid hybrid salamanders appear to maintain themselves by using a male's sperm to activate their eggs, after which the sperm nucleus is eliminated (gynogenesis). The incidence of sperm nuclear incorporation in eggs of these salamanders depends on temperature. Triploid offspring derived gynogenetically are more frequent at lower temperature, whereas tetraploid offspring derived sexually are far more frequent at higher temperatures. Temperature-dependent variability in sperm nuclear incorporation helps explain the variability in reproductive modes reported for hybrid salamanders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bogart, J P -- Elinson, R P -- Licht, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 24;246(4933):1032-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2587986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ambystoma/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Karyotyping ; Larva ; Male ; *Polyploidy ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Temperature
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  • 18
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    Fetal research (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-11-10
    Description: This article reviews some of the significant contributions of fetal research and fetal tissue research over the past 20 years. The benefits of fetal research include the development of vaccines, advances in prenatal diagnosis, detection of malformations, assessment of safe and effective medications, and the development of in utero surgical therapies. Fetal tissue research benefits vaccine development, assessment of risk factors and toxicity levels in drug production, development of cell lines, and provides a source of fetal cells for ongoing transplantation trials. Together, fetal research and fetal tissue research offer tremendous potential for the treatment of the fetus, neonate, and adult.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, J T -- Sladek, J R Jr -- P01-NS24032/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01-NS25778/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):775-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY 14642.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis ; Female ; *Fetal Diseases ; *Fetal Research ; *Fetus/cytology/surgery ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Humans ; Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; *Research ; *Risk Assessment ; Therapeutic Human Experimentation ; Vaccines
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Defensive behaviors in infant rhesus monkeys: environmental cues and neurochemical regulation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-31
    Description: To survive, primates must detect danger in time to activate appropriate defensive behaviors. In this study, the defensive behaviors of infant rhesus monkeys exposed to humans were characterized. It was observed that the direction of the human's gaze is a potent cue for the infant. Infants separated from their mothers were active and emitted frequent distress vocalizations. When a human entered the room but did not look at the infant, it became silent and froze in one position. If the human stared at the infant, it responded with aggressive barking. Alterations of the opiate system affected the frequency of the infant's distress calls without affecting barking and freezing, whereas benzodiazepine administration selectively reduced barking and freezing. This suggests that opiate and benzodiazepine systems regulate specific defensive behaviors in primates and that these systems work together to mediate behavioral responses important for survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalin, N H -- Shelton, S E -- DK-35641/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1718-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2564702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/physiology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*physiology ; Benzodiazepines/physiology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/physiology ; *Fear ; Female ; Macaca/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Motion ; Motor Activity/drug effects/physiology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology ; Vision, Ocular ; Vocalization, Animal/drug effects/physiology
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  • 20
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    Antisense RNA-induced reduction in murine TIMP levels confers oncogenicity on Swiss 3T3 cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-17
    Description: Mouse 3T3 cell lines capable of constitutively synthesizing an RNA complementary to the messenger RNA encoding TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, were constructed by transfection with appropriate plasmid constructs. Many of the lines were down-modulated for TIMP messenger RNA levels and secreted less TIMP into the culture medium. In comparison to noninvasive, nontumorigenic controls, these cells not only were invasive in a human amnion invasion assay, but also were tumorigenic and metastatic in athymic mice. These results indicate that TIMP suppresses oncogenicity, at least in immortal murine 3T3 cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khokha, R -- Waterhouse, P -- Yagel, S -- Lala, P K -- Overall, C M -- Norton, G -- Denhardt, D T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):947-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2465572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Metalloendopeptidases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pituitary Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; RNA/*genetics ; RNA, Antisense ; RNA, Messenger/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases ; Transfection
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    Nutritional importance of pyrroloquinoline quinone (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-25
    Description: Mice fed a chemically defined diet devoid of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) grew poorly, failed to reproduce, and became osteolathyritic. Moreover, severely affected mice had friable skin, skin collagen that was readily extractable into neutral salt solutions, and decreased lysyl oxidase. The identification of functional defects in connective tissue and the growth retardation associated with PQQ deprivation suggest that PQQ plays a fundamental role as a growth factor or vitamin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Killgore, J -- Smidt, C -- Duich, L -- Romero-Chapman, N -- Tinker, D -- Reiser, K -- Melko, M -- Hyde, D -- Rucker, R B -- AM-35747/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL-15965/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 25;245(4920):850-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Nutrition, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2549636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coenzymes/*physiology ; Collagen/metabolism ; Female ; Growth Substances/physiology ; Mice ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; PQQ Cofactor ; Quinolones/deficiency/*physiology ; Skin/metabolism
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    The choosing of the NIH director (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koshland, D E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 24;246(4933):981.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2587989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Legal ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Politics ; Pregnancy ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
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  • 23
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    Monitoring the AIDS epidemic in the United States: a network approach (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-09
    Description: Respondents in the 1988 General Social Survey (GSS) were asked to scan their acquaintance networks to identify all those who had been a victim of a homicide or had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Estimates of the sex, race, age, and regional breakdowns for homicides in the last year and for people with AIDS were compared with official statistics. The GSS estimates for the distribution of homicide victims replicate the official statistics quite well. The GSS estimates for AIDS cases suggest that the data provided to the Centers for Disease Control may underestimate by a substantial margin the prevalence of AIDS in the white population of higher socioeconomic status, overstate the relative prevalence of the disease in the minority populations, underestimate the prevalence of the disease in the Midwest, and overstate it for the East.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laumann, E O -- Gagnon, J H -- Michaels, S -- Michael, R T -- Coleman, J S -- N0I-HD-8-2907/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1186-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2543079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; United States
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    Identification of the molecular defect in a family with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias (SED) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by disproportionate short stature and pleiotropic involvement of the skeletal and ocular systems. Evidence has suggested that SED may result from structural defects in type II collagen. To confirm the validity of this hypothesis, the structure of the "candidate" type II collagen gene (COL2A1) has been directly examined in a relatively large SED family. Coarse scanning of the gene by Southern blot hybridization identified an abnormal restriction pattern in one of the affected members of the kindred. Analysis of selected genomic fragments, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, precisely localized the molecular defect and demonstrated that all affected family members carried the same heterozygous single-exon deletion. As a consequence of the mutation, nearly 90 percent of the assembled type II collagen homotrimers are expected to contain one or more procollagen subunits harboring an interstitial deletion of 36 amino acids in the triple helical domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, B -- Vissing, H -- Ramirez, F -- Rogers, D -- Rimoin, D -- AR-38648/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-22657/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):978-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn 11203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2543071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Collagen/*genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Osteochondrodysplasias/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Procollagen/genetics
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  • 25
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    Cloning and sequencing of porcine LH-hCG receptor cDNA: variants lacking transmembrane domain (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-04
    Description: Complementary DNA clones, encoding the LH-hCG (luteinizing hormone-human choriogonadotropic hormone) receptor were isolated by screening a lambda gt11 library with monoclonal antibodies. The primary structure of the protein was deduced from the DNA sequence analysis; the protein contains 696 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 27 amino acids. Hydropathy analysis suggests the existence of seven transmembrane domains that show homology with the corresponding regions of other G protein-coupled receptors. Three other types of clones corresponding to shorter proteins were observed, in which the putative transmembrane domain was absent. These probably arose through alternative splicing. RNA blot analysis showed similar patterns in testis and ovary with a major RNA of 4700 nucleotides and several minor species. The messenger RNA was expressed in COS-7 cells, yielding a protein that bound hCG with the same affinity as the testicular receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loosfelt, H -- Misrahi, M -- Atger, M -- Salesse, R -- Vu Hai-Luu Thi, M T -- Jolivet, A -- Guiochon-Mantel, A -- Sar, S -- Jallal, B -- Garnier, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):525-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale Unite 135, Hopital de Bicetre, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2502844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; Female ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovary/analysis ; Protein Sorting Signals/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Receptors, LH/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Swine ; Testis/analysis ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 26
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    New type of receptor found (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1140-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2567057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*physiology ; Cyclic AMP/physiology ; Cyclic GMP/physiology ; Female ; Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism ; Male ; Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology ; Sea Urchins ; Second Messenger Systems ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions
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    Gene signals relapse of breast, ovarian cancers (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):654-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2566202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Female ; *Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptor, ErbB-2
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    A new DNA marker tightly linked to the fragile X locus (FRAXA) (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-12-08
    Description: The fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of familial mental retardation. Genetic counseling and gene isolation are hampered by a lack of DNA markers close to the disease locus. Two somatic cell hybrids that each contain a human X chromosome with a breakpoint close to the fragile X locus have been characterized. A new DNA marker (DXS296) lies between the chromosome breakpoints and is the closest marker to the fragile X locus yet reported. The Hunter syndrome gene, which causes iduronate sulfatase deficiency, is located at the X chromosome breakpoint that is distal to this new marker, thus localizing the Hunter gene distal to the fragile X locus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suthers, G K -- Callen, D F -- Hyland, V J -- Kozman, H M -- Baker, E -- Eyre, H -- Harper, P S -- Roberts, S H -- Hors-Cayla, M C -- Davies, K E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 8;246(4935):1298-300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Histopathology, Adelaide Children's Hospital, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2573953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/*genetics ; Genetic Counseling ; *Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Markers ; Genomic Library ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Likelihood Functions ; Mice ; Mucopolysaccharidosis II/genetics ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations/*genetics ; Translocation, Genetic
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    Germ-line transmission of a c-abl mutation produced by targeted gene disruption in ES cells (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-10
    Description: A substitution mutation has been introduced into the c-abl locus of murine embryonic stem cells by homologous recombination between exogenously added DNA and the endogenous gene, and these cells have been used to generate chimeric mice. It is shown that the c-abl mutation was transmitted to progeny by several male chimeras. This work demonstrates the feasibility of germ-line transmission of a mutation introduced into a nonselectable autosomal gene by homologous recombination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartzberg, P L -- Goff, S P -- Robertson, E J -- P01 CA 23767/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD 25208/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):799-803.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2554496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abelson murine leukemia virus/*genetics ; Animals ; Blotting, Southern ; Cell Line ; Chimera ; Cloning, Molecular ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Leukemia Virus, Murine/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Mutation ; Oncogenes/*physiology ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/*genetics
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    The effect of deprenyl (selegiline) on the natural history of Parkinson's disease (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-04
    Description: The effects of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), a neurotoxin that produces the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, can be fully prevented in experimental animals by inhibiting monoamine oxidase B. On the basis of this observation, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with early Parkinson's disease was initiated to determine whether deprenyl (a selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor) would delay the need for L-dopa therapy by slowing the progression of the disease. Fifty-four patients were randomly assigned to deprenyl (10 mg/day) or placebo treatment groups and followed until L-dopa therapy was indicated or until the patient had been in the study for 3 years. Analysis of Kaplan-Meier survival curves for each group showed that deprenyl delayed the need for L-dopa therapy; the average time until L-dopa was needed was 312.1 days for patients in the placebo group and 548.9 days for patients in the deprenyl group. Disease progression, as monitored by five different assessment scales, was slowed (by 40 to 83% per year) in the deprenyl group compared to placebo. Therefore, early deprenyl therapy delays the requirement for antiparkinsonian medication, possibly by slowing progression of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tetrud, J W -- Langston, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):519-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉California Parkinson's Foundation, San Jose 95128.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2502843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Aged ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Levodopa/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Parkinson Disease/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced ; Phenethylamines/*therapeutic use ; Pyridines/adverse effects/antagonists & inhibitors ; Random Allocation ; Selegiline/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
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    Old bones solve new problems (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 15;245(4923):1185.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2781278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Bone and Bones/*analysis/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Forensic Medicine ; *Fossils ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; *Paleontology
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    Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-16
    Description: Phencyclidine (PCP), a dissociative anesthetic and widely abused psychotomimetic drug, and MK-801, a potent PCP receptor ligand, have neuroprotective properties stemming from their ability to antagonize the excitotoxic actions of endogenous excitatory amino acids such as glutamate and aspartate. There is growing interest in the potential application of these compounds in the treatment of neurological disorders. However, there is an apparent neurotoxic effect of PCP and related agents (MK-801, tiletamine, and ketamine), which has heretofore been overlooked: these drugs induce acute pathomorphological changes in specific populations of brain neurons when administered subcutaneously to adult rats in relatively low doses. These findings raise new questions regarding the safety of these agents in the clinical management of neurodegenerative diseases and reinforce concerns about the potential risks associated with illicit use of PCP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olney, J W -- Labruyere, J -- Price, M T -- DA 53568/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 38894/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 16;244(4910):1360-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2660263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*drug effects/pathology ; Dibenzocycloheptenes/*toxicity ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; Female ; Ketamine/toxicity ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neurons/drug effects ; Phencyclidine/*toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Tiletamine/toxicity ; Time Factors
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    The Molecule of the Year (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guyer, R L -- Koshland, D E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1543-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2688087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Induced ; Cystic Fibrosis/genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Female ; *Genetic Techniques ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Mifepristone ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Pregnancy ; Research/*trends
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    Court ruling rekindles controversy over SATs (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):885-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2919279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Male ; *Prejudice ; *School Admission Criteria ; Sex Factors ; United States ; *Universities
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    Molecular cloning of the thyrotropin receptor (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-22
    Description: The pituitary hormone thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is the main physiological agent that regulates the thyroid gland. The thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) was cloned by selective amplification with the polymerase chain reaction of DNA segments presenting sequence similarity with genes for G protein-coupled receptors. Out of 11 new putative receptor clones obtained from genomic DNA, one had sequence characteristics different from all the others. Although this clone did not hybridize to thyroid transcripts, screening of a dog thyroid complementary DNA (cDNA) library at moderate stringency identified a cDNA encoding a 4.9-kilobase thyroid-specific transcript. The polypeptide encoded by this thyroid-specific transcript consisted of a 398-amino acid residue amino-terminal segment, constituting a putative extracellular domain, connected to a 346-residue carboxyl-terminal domain that contained seven putative transmembrane segments. Expression of the cDNA conferred TSH responsiveness to Xenopus oocytes and Y1 cells and a TSH binding phenotype to COS cells. The TSHR and the receptor for luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotropin constitute a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors with distinct sequence characteristics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parmentier, M -- Libert, F -- Maenhaut, C -- Lefort, A -- Gerard, C -- Perret, J -- Van Sande, J -- Dumont, J E -- Vassart, G -- R01-DK21732/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1620-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2556796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclic AMP ; Dogs ; Female ; *Genes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Thyrotropin/*genetics ; Thyrotropin/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus
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    Mutants of pertussis toxin suitable for vaccine development (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-27
    Description: Immunization with chemically detoxified pertussis toxin can prevent severe whooping cough with an efficacy similar to that of the cellular pertussis vaccine, which normally gives unwanted side effects. To avoid the reversion to toxicity and the loss of immunogenicity that may follow chemical treatment of pertussis toxin, inactive toxins were constructed by genetic manipulation. A number of genetically engineered alleles of the pertussis toxin genes, constructed by replacing either one or two key amino acids within the enzymatically active S1 subunit, were introduced into the chromosome of strains of Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica. These strains produce mutant pertussis toxin molecules that are nontoxic and immunogenic and that protect mice from the intracerebral challenge with virulent Bordetella pertussis. Such molecules are ideal for the development of new and safer vaccines against whooping cough.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pizza, M -- Covacci, A -- Bartoloni, A -- Perugini, M -- Nencioni, L -- De Magistris, M T -- Villa, L -- Nucci, D -- Manetti, R -- Bugnoli, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):497-500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sclavo Research Center, Siena, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Genetic Techniques ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutation ; *Pertussis Toxin ; Pertussis Vaccine/*toxicity ; Rabbits ; Vaccines, Synthetic/toxicity ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/genetics/immunology/*toxicity
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    Fitness differences among remnant populations of the endangered sonoran topminnow (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-09-01
    Description: Four correlates of fitness were measured in three stocks of the endangered Sonoran topminnow, Poeciliopsis occidentalis, from Arizona. Survival, growth, early fecundity, and developmental stability were greatest in laboratory-reared fish from the most heterozygous natural population studied. Conversely, all four traits were poorest in fish from a population with no electrophoretically detectable genetic variation. These results emphasize the need for genetic as well as demographic information for the development of comprehensive species recovery programs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quattro, J M -- Vrijenhoek, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 1;245(4921):976-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2772650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arizona ; *Biological Evolution ; Cyprinodontiformes/*genetics ; Female ; Fertility ; Genetic Variation ; Male ; Poecilia/anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Species Specificity
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    Genetic engineering of livestock (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-16
    Description: Genetic engineering of livestock is expected to have a major effect on the agricultural industry. However, accurate assessment of the consequences of transgene expression is impossible without multigenerational studies. A systematic study of the beneficial and adverse consequences of long-term elevations in the plasma levels of bovine growth hormone (bGH) was conducted on two lines of transgenic pigs. Two successive generations of pigs expressing the bGH gene showed significant improvements in both daily weight gain and feed efficiency and exhibited changes in carcass composition that included a marked reduction in subcutaneous fat. However, long-term elevation of bGH was generally detrimental to health: the pigs had a high incidence of gastric ulcers, arthritis, cardiomegaly, dermatitis, and renal disease. The ability to produce pigs exhibiting only the beneficial, growth-promoting effects of growth hormone by a transgenic approach may require better control of transgene expression, a different genetic background, or a modified husbandry regimen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pursel, V G -- Pinkert, C A -- Miller, K F -- Bolt, D J -- Campbell, R G -- Palmiter, R D -- Brinster, R L -- Hammer, R E -- HD-09172/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-19018/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 16;244(4910):1281-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2499927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*genetics/growth & development ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Body Weight ; Female ; *Genetic Engineering ; Growth Hormone/genetics ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/genetics ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics ; Mice ; Organ Size ; Swine/genetics/growth & development ; *Transfection
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    A genetic polymorphism in the renin gene of Dahl rats cosegregates with blood pressure (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-27
    Description: Blood pressure is influenced by multiple genetic loci whose identities are largely unknown. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the renin gene was found between Dahl salt-hypertension-sensitive (S) and Dahl salt-hypertension-resistant (R) rats. In an F2 population derived from crossing S and R rats, the renin RFLP cosegregated with blood pressure. One dose of the S-rat renin allele was associated with an increment in blood pressure of approximately 10 mmHg, and two doses of this allele increased blood pressure approximately 20 mmHg. From this it can be definitively concluded that in the rat the renin gene is, or is closely linked to, one of the genes regulating blood pressure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rapp, J P -- Wang, S M -- Dene, H -- HL-07357/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-20176/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 27;243(4890):542-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2563177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Blotting, Southern ; DNA Probes ; Female ; Genotype ; Hypertension/*genetics ; Male ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Renin/*genetics ; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
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    Amplification and molecular cloning of HTLV-I sequences from DNA of multiple sclerosis patients (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-27
    Description: Techniques of gene amplification, molecular cloning, and sequence analysis were used to test for the presence of sequences related to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of six patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 20 normal individuals. HTLV-I sequences were detected in all six MS patients and in one individual from the control group by DNA blot analysis and molecular cloning of amplified DNAs. The viral sequence in MS patients were associated with adherent cell populations consisting predominantly of monocytes and macrophages. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that these amplified viral sequences were related to the HTLV-I proviral genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reddy, E P -- Sandberg-Wollheim, M -- Mettus, R V -- Ray, P E -- DeFreitas, E -- Koprowski, H -- CA-10815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS-11036/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 27;243(4890):529-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2536193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Base Sequence ; Child ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Amplification ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/*genetics ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/analysis/microbiology ; Macrophages/analysis/microbiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiple Sclerosis/*microbiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes
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    The product of the mos proto-oncogene as a candidate "initiator" for oocyte maturation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-11
    Description: The endogenous c-mos product, pp39mos, is required for progesterone-induced meiotic maturation in Xenopus oocytes. Treatment of oocytes with progesterone induced a rapid increase in pp39mos that preceded both the activation of maturation promoting factor (MPF) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Microinjection of synthetic mos RNA into oocytes activated MPF and induced GVBD in the absence of progesterone. Thus, the mos proto-oncogene product may qualify as a candidate "initiator" protein of MPF and is at least one of the "triggers" for G2 to M transition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sagata, N -- Daar, I -- Oskarsson, M -- Showalter, S D -- Vande Woude, G F -- N01-CO-74101/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):643-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BRI-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research Facility, MD 21701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2474853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Female ; Growth Substances/physiology ; Kinetics ; Maturation-Promoting Factor ; Meiosis/drug effects ; Microinjections ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos ; RNA/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Xenopus
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    Reciprocal effects of hyper- and hypoactivity mutations in the Drosophila pattern gene torso (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-24
    Description: In Drosophila, five "terminal" polarity genes must be active in females in order for them to produce embryos with normal anterior and posterior ends. Hypoactivity mutations in one such gene, torso, result in the loss of the most posterior domain of fushi tarazu expression and the terminal cuticular structures. In contrast, a torso hyperactivity mutation causes the loss of central fushi tarazu expression and central cuticular structures. Cytoplasmic leakage, transplantation, and temperature-shift experiments suggest that the latter effect is caused by abnormal persistence of the torso product in the central region of the embryo during early development. Thus, the amount and timing of torso activity is key to distinguishing the central and terminal regions of the embryo. Mutations in the tailless terminal gene act as dominant maternal suppressors of the hyperactive torso allele, indicating that the torso product acts through, or in concert with, the tailless product.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strecker, T R -- Halsell, S R -- Fisher, W W -- Lipshitz, H D -- GM07616/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD23099/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 24;243(4894 Pt 1):1062-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2922596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abdomen ; Alleles ; Animals ; Cytoplasm/physiology ; Drosophila/anatomy & histology/embryology/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Suppression, Genetic ; Thorax
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    Market sours on milk hormone (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 17;246(4932):876-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2814506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Female ; *Food Labeling ; *Growth Hormone ; *Milk ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    La difference (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-03-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 24;243(4898):1536.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2928786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Composition ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Factors
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    Finite social space, evolutionary pathways, and reconstructing hominid behavior (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-17
    Description: Changes in social behavior were a key aspect of human evolution, and yet it is notoriously difficult for paleobiologists to determine patterns of social evolution. By defining the limited number of distributional strategies available to members of each sex of any species and investigating the conditions under which they may occur and change, the social behavior of different hominid taxa may be reconstructed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foley, R A -- Lee, P C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):901-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2493158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Haplorhini/genetics ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; *Social Behavior
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    Body weight and reproduction (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frisch, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):432.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2814472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Body Weight/*physiology ; Cricetinae ; Female ; Fertility/*physiology ; Humans ; Mesocricetus
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Koop finds abortion evidence "inconclusive" (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 10;243(4892):730-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2916120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Induced/*psychology ; Behavioral Research ; Federal Government ; Female ; Humans ; *Pregnant Women
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 48
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    Sex pheromones in snakes (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-07-21
    Description: The majority of pheromones identified to date are insect pheromones, which are volatile in nature. Identification of nonvolatile pheromones have been relatively rare, especially in vertebrates. Male and female garter snakes use pheromones to mediate sexual behavior. The female sex attractiveness pheromone of the Canadian red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, consists of a novel series of nonvolatile saturated and monounsaturated long-chain methyl ketones, whereas the male sex recognition pheromone contains squalene. These compounds were isolated, identified, and partially synthesized, and field tests show them to be biologically active.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mason, R T -- Fales, H M -- Jones, T H -- Pannell, L K -- Chinn, J W -- Crews, D -- NICHHD 16687/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NIMH 00135/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NIMH 09310/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 21;245(4915):290-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2749261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Pheromones/*isolation & purification ; Sex Attractants/analysis/chemical synthesis/*isolation & purification ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Snakes/*physiology
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    Lutropin-choriogonadotropin receptor: an unusual member of the G protein-coupled receptor family (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-04
    Description: A complementary DNA (cDNA) for the rat luteal lutropin-choriogonadotropin receptor (LH-CG-R) was isolated with the use of a DNA probe generated in a polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers based on peptide sequences of purified receptor protein. As would be predicted from the cDNA sequence, the LH-CG-R consists of a 26-residue signal peptide, a 341-residue extracellular domain displaying an internal repeat structure characteristic of members of the leucine-rich glycoprotein (LRG) family, and a 333-residue region containing seven transmembrane segments. This membrane-spanning region displays sequence similarity with all members of the G protein-coupled receptor family. Hence, the LH-CG-R gene may have evolved by recombination of LRG and G protein-coupled receptor genes. Cells engineered to express LH-CG-R cDNA bind human choriogonadotropin with high affinity and show an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate when exposed to hormone. As revealed by RNA blot analysis and in situ hybridization, the 4.4-kilobase cognate messenger RNA is prominently localized in the rat ovary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McFarland, K C -- Sprengel, R -- Phillips, H S -- Kohler, M -- Rosemblit, N -- Nikolics, K -- Segaloff, D L -- Seeburg, P H -- HD22196/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):494-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Genetech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2502842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; DNA Probes ; Female ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovary/analysis ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, LH/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Tissue Distribution
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    Buprenorphine suppresses cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-25
    Description: Cocaine abuse has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, and the search for an effective pharmacotherapy continues. Because primates self-administer most of the drugs abused by humans, they can be used to predict the abuse liability of new drugs and for preclinical evaluation of new pharmacotherapies for drug abuse treatment. Daily administration of buprenorphine (an opioid mixed agonist-antagonist) significantly suppressed cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys for 30 consecutive days. The effects of buprenorphine were dose-dependent. The suppression of cocaine self-administration by buprenorphine did not reflect a generalized suppression of behavior. These data suggest that buprenorphine would be a useful pharmacotherapy for treatment of cocaine abuse. Because buprenorphine is a safe and effective pharmacotherapy for heroin dependence, buprenorphine treatment may also attenuate dual abuse of cocaine and heroin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mello, N K -- Mendelson, J H -- Bree, M P -- Lukas, S E -- DA-00101/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-02519/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-04059/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 25;245(4920):859-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02178.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2772637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Buprenorphine/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cocaine/*administration & dosage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Self Administration ; Substance-Related Disorders/*drug therapy
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Delay of gratification in children (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: To function effectively, individuals must voluntarily postpone immediate gratification and persist in goal-directed behavior for the sake of later outcomes. The present research program analyzed the nature of this type of future-oriented self-control and the psychological processes that underlie it. Enduring individual differences in self-control were found as early as the preschool years. Those 4-year-old children who delayed gratification longer in certain laboratory situations developed into more cognitively and socially competent adolescents, achieving higher scholastic performance and coping better with frustration and stress. Experiments in the same research program also identified specific cognitive and attentional processes that allow effective self-regulation early in the course of development. The experimental results, in turn, specified the particular types of preschool delay situations diagnostic for predicting aspects of cognitive and social competence later in life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mischel, W -- Shoda, Y -- Rodriguez, M I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):933-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York 10027〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2658056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological ; Attention ; Child ; *Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; *Cognition ; Female ; *Frustration ; Humans ; *Individuality ; Male ; Reward ; Social Adjustment
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    Vaccination with a synthetic zona pellucida peptide produces long-term contraception in female mice (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-11-17
    Description: The zona pellucida surrounding mouse oocytes is an extracellular matrix composed of three sulfated glycoproteins, ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3. It has been demonstrated that a monoclonal antibody to ZP3 injected into female mice inhibits fertilization by binding to the zona pellucida and blocking sperm penetration. A complementary DNA encoding ZP3 was randomly cleaved and 200- to 1000-base pair fragments were cloned into the expression vector lambda gt11. This epitope library was screened with the aforementioned contraceptive antibody, and the positive clones were used to map the seven-amino acid epitope recognized by the antibody. Female mice were immunized with a synthetic peptide containing this B cell epitope coupled to a carrier protein to provide helper T cell epitopes. The resultant circulating antibodies to ZP3 bound to the zona pellucida of immunized animals and produced long-lasting contraception. The lack of ovarian histopathology or cellular cytotoxicity among the immunized animals may be because of the absence of zona pellucida T cell epitopes in this vaccine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Millar, S E -- Chamow, S M -- Baur, A W -- Oliver, C -- Robey, F -- Dean, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 17;246(4932):935-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2479101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Contraception ; *Contraception, Immunologic ; DNA/genetics ; *Egg Proteins ; Epitopes/analysis ; Female ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*immunology ; Male ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Ovum/*physiology ; Protein Conformation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; *Receptors, Cell Surface ; *Vaccination ; Zona Pellucida/*physiology
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    Receptor-mediated drug delivery to macrophages in chemotherapy of leishmaniasis (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-12
    Description: Methotrexate coupled to maleylated bovine serum albumin was taken up efficiently through the "scavenger" receptors present on macrophages and led to selective killing of intracellular Leishmania mexicana amazonensis amastigotes in cultured hamster peritoneal macrophages. The drug conjugate was nearly 100 times as effective as free methotrexate in eliminating the intracellular parasites. Furthermore, in a model of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in hamsters, the drug conjugate brought about more than 90% reduction in the size of footpad lesions within 11 days. In contrast, the free drug at a similar concentration did not significantly affect lesion size. These studies demonstrate the potential of receptor-mediated drug delivery in the therapy of macrophage-associated diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mukhopadhyay, A -- Chaudhuri, G -- Arora, S K -- Sehgal, S -- Basu, S K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):705-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2717947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Albumins/*administration & dosage/metabolism ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Female ; Kinetics ; Leishmania mexicana/*drug effects ; Leishmaniasis/*drug therapy ; Macrophages/metabolism/*parasitology ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mesocricetus ; Methotrexate/*administration & dosage/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism ; *Receptors, Lipoprotein ; Receptors, Scavenger ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B ; Serum Albumin, Bovine
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    Recombinant gene expression in vivo within endothelial cells of the arterial wall (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-06-16
    Description: A technique for the transfer of endothelial cells and expression of recombinant genes in vivo could allow the introduction of proteins of therapeutic value in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Porcine endothelial cells expressing recombinant beta-galactosidase from a murine amphotropic retroviral vector were introduced with a catheter into denuded iliofemoral arteries of syngeneic animals. Arterial segments explanted 2 to 4 weeks later contained endothelial cells expressing beta-galactosidase, an indication that they were successfully implanted on the vessel wall.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nabel, E G -- Plautz, G -- Boyce, F M -- Stanley, J C -- Nabel, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 16;244(4910):1342-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0650.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2499928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catheterization, Peripheral ; DNA, Recombinant ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/enzymology/transplantation ; Female ; Galactosidases/*biosynthesis ; Genetic Vectors ; Iliac Artery/cytology ; Retroviridae ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; beta-Galactosidase/*biosynthesis
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    Angiotensin II: does it have a direct obligate role in ovulation? (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naftolin, F -- Andrade-Gordon, P -- Pellicer, A -- Palumbo, A -- Apa, R -- Zreik, T -- Yoon, T K -- DeCherney, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 25;245(4920):870-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510-8063.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2772639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II/pharmacology ; Angiotensin II/*physiology ; Animals ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Female ; Gonadotropins, Equine/pharmacology ; *Ovulation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Angiotensin/analysis ; Receptors, LH/analysis ; Saralasin/pharmacology
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    Molecular genetics of human blue cone monochromacy (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1989-08-25
    Description: Blue cone monochromacy is a rare X-linked disorder of color vision characterized by the absence of both red and green cone sensitivities. In 12 of 12 families carrying this trait, alterations are observed in the red and green visual pigment gene cluster. The alterations fall into two classes. One class arose from the wild type by a two-step pathway consisting of unequal homologous recombination and point mutation. The second class arose by nonhomologous deletion of genomic DNA adjacent to the red and green pigment gene cluster. These deletions define a 579-base pair region that is located 4 kilobases upstream of the red pigment gene and 43 kilobases upstream of the nearest green pigment gene; this 579-base pair region is essential for the activity of both pigment genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathans, J -- Davenport, C M -- Maumenee, I H -- Lewis, R A -- Hejtmancik, J F -- Litt, M -- Lovrien, E -- Weleber, R -- Bachynski, B -- Zwas, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 25;245(4920):831-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Wilmer Ophthalmologic Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2788922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Color Vision Defects/*genetics ; DNA/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Retinal Pigments/genetics ; Thalassemia/genetics ; X Chromosome
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    Estrogen use linked to breast cancer (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):593.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2762811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Drug Interactions ; Estrogens/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Progestins/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Sweden ; United States
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  • 58
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    Protection of dentate hilar cells from prolonged stimulation by intracellular calcium chelation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-13
    Description: Prolonged afferent stimulation of the rat dentate gyrus in vivo leads to degeneration only of those cells that lack immunoreactivity for the calcium binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin. In order to test the hypothesis that calcium binding proteins protect against the effects of prolonged stimulation, intracellular recordings were made in hippocampal slices from cells that lack immunoreactivity for calcium binding proteins. Calcium binding protein-negative cells showed electrophysiological signs of deterioration during prolonged stimulation; cells containing calcium binding protein did not. When neurons without calcium binding proteins were impaled with microelectrodes containing the calcium chelator BAPTA, and BAPTA was allowed to diffuse into the cells, these cells showed no deterioration. These results indicate that, in a complex tissue of the central nervous system, an activity-induced increase in intracellular calcium can trigger processes leading to cell deterioration, and that increasing the calcium binding capacity of a cell decreases its vulnerability to damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scharfman, H E -- Schwartzkroin, P A -- NS-01744/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-15317/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-18895/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 13;246(4927):257-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2508225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Egtazic Acid/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Hippocampus/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Human diabetes associated with a deletion of the tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-07-07
    Description: The insulin receptor has an intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity that is essential for signal transduction. A mutant insulin receptor gene lacking almost the entire kinase domain has been identified in an individual with type A insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. Insulin binding to the erythrocytes or cultured fibroblasts from this individual was normal. However receptor autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity toward an exogenous substrate were reduced in partially purified insulin receptors from the proband's lymphocytes that had been transformed by Epstein-Barr virus. The insulin resistance associated with this mutated gene was inherited by the proband from her mother as an apparently autosomal dominant trait. Thus a deletion in one allele of the insulin receptor gene may be at least partly responsible for some instances of insulin-resistant diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taira, M -- Hashimoto, N -- Shimada, F -- Suzuki, Y -- Kanatsuka, A -- Nakamura, F -- Ebina, Y -- Tatibana, M -- Makino, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 7;245(4913):63-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Second Department of Internal Medicine, Chiba University School of Medicine, Inohana, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2544997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; *Chromosome Deletion ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*genetics ; Receptor, Insulin/*genetics ; Restriction Mapping
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    In vivo activity against HIV and favorable toxicity profile of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-07-28
    Description: The purine analog 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI), which has anti-retroviral activity in vitro was administered for up to 42 weeks to 26 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or severe AIDS-related complex (ARC). Ten of these individuals were AZT-intolerant. Eight dose regimens were studied. The drug was orally bioavailable and penetrated into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Comparatively little evidence of an effect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was seen at the lowest four doses. However, patients in the four highest dose groups (ddI at 1.6 milligrams per kilogram intravenously and then greater than or equal to 3.2 milligrams per kilogram orally at least every 12 hours or higher) had increases in their circulating CD4+ T cells (P less than 0.0005), increased CD4/CD8 T cell ratios (P less than 0.01), and, where evaluable, more than an 80% decrease in serum HIV p24 antigen (P less than 0.05). The patients also had evidence of improved immunologic function, had reduced viremic symptomatology, and gained a mean of 1.6 kilogram with these comparatively infrequent dosing schedules (every 8 or 12 hours). The most notable adverse effects directly attributable to ddI administration at the doses used in this study included increases in serum uric acid (due to hypoxanthine release) and mild headaches and insomnia. These results suggest that serious short-term toxicity at therapeutic doses is not an inherent feature in the profile of agents with clinical anti-HIV activity. Further controlled studies to define the safety and efficacy of this agent may be worth considering.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yarchoan, R -- Mitsuya, H -- Thomas, R V -- Pluda, J M -- Hartman, N R -- Perno, C F -- Marczyk, K S -- Allain, J P -- Johns, D G -- Broder, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 28;245(4916):412-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Clinical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2502840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS-Related Complex/*drug therapy/immunology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/immunology ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents/adverse effects/cerebrospinal fluid/pharmacology/*therapeutic ; use ; Biological Availability ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Didanosine ; Dideoxynucleosides/adverse effects/cerebrospinal fluid/pharmacology/*therapeutic ; use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; HIV/*drug effects ; HIV Antigens/analysis ; HIV Core Protein p24 ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Immunity, Cellular ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Structure ; Retroviridae Proteins/analysis ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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    Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-05-12
    Description: Carcinoma of the breast and ovary account for one-third of all cancers occurring in women and together are responsible for approximately one-quarter of cancer-related deaths in females. The HER-2/neu proto-oncogene is amplified in 25 to 30 percent of human primary breast cancers and this alteration is associated with disease behavior. In this report, several similarities were found in the biology of HER-2/neu in breast and ovarian cancer, including a similar incidence of amplification, a direct correlation between amplification and over-expression, evidence of tumors in which overexpression occurs without amplification, and the association between gene alteration and clinical outcome. A comprehensive study of the gene and its products (RNA and protein) was simultaneously performed on a large number of both tumor types. This analysis identified several potential shortcomings of the various methods used to evaluate HER-2/neu in these diseases (Southern, Northern, and Western blots, and immunohistochemistry) and provided information regarding considerations that should be addressed when studying a gene or gene product in human tissue. The data presented further support the concept that the HER-2/neu gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of some human cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slamon, D J -- Godolphin, W -- Jones, L A -- Holt, J A -- Wong, S G -- Keith, D E -- Levin, W J -- Stuart, S G -- Udove, J -- Ullrich, A -- CA 36827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 48780/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):707-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, U.C.L.A. School of Medicine 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2470152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/analysis ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics ; Prognosis ; Protein Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA/analysis ; Receptor, ErbB-2
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    Availability of metabolic fuels controls estrous cyclicity of Syrian hamsters (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-16
    Description: Food deprivation and weight loss inhibit ovulation and estrous behavior in Syrian hamsters. In the present experiments, lean hamsters were more susceptible to starvation-induced anestrus than fat hamsters. However, anestrus was not caused by changes in any dimension of body size per se, but instead by the availability of metabolic fuels. Simultaneous pharmacological blockade of both fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis inhibited reproduction, but, as long as one of these metabolic pathways could be used, estrous cycles continued. Thus, reproduction in female Syrian hamsters is sensitive to the general availability of oxidizable metabolic fuels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schneider, J E -- Wade, G N -- AM 32976-06/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- MH 00321-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 10873-17/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 16;244(4910):1326-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2734610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimetabolites/pharmacology ; Body Weight ; Cricetinae ; Deoxyglucose/pharmacology ; Epoxy Compounds/pharmacology ; Estrus/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Food Deprivation/*physiology ; Mesocricetus ; Periodicity ; Propionates/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cetaceans (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-30
    Description: Cetaceans display numerous anatomic and physiologic adaptations to life in a dense, three-dimensional medium. Their bodies have changed radically from those of their terrestrial ancestors, yet their behaviors and types of social organization are broadly similar to those of animals on land. An exploration of cetacean ways helps in understanding how habitat influences habits. For example, it is now recognized that in some important ways, cetacean residents of the open ocean resemble some of their mammalian relatives on the savanna. As air breathers that are inseparably tied to the surface, cetaceans are highly trackable; they may thus help in the monitoring of habitat degradation and other long-term ecologic change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wursig, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1550-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University 95039-0450.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2662403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Cetacea/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Social Behavior ; Sound ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Block of stretch-activated ion channels in Xenopus oocytes by gadolinium and calcium ions (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-24
    Description: Gadolinium ions produce three distinct kinds of block of the stretch-activated (SA) ion channels in Xenopus oocytes: a concentration-dependent reduction in channel open time, a concentration-dependent reduction in open channel current, and a unique, steeply concentration-dependent, reversible inhibition of channel opening. This last effect reduces the probability of a channel being open from about 10(-1) at 5 microM to less than 10(-5) at 10 microM gadolinium. Calcium has effects on open time and current similar to that of gadolinium, but this channel is permeable to calcium and calcium does not completely inhibit channel activity. The availability of a blocker for SA ion channels may help to define their physiological function, and will simplify the use of oocytes as an expression system for ion channels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, X C -- Sachs, F -- DK-37792/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 24;243(4894 Pt 1):1068-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State University of New York, Buffalo 14214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2466333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Cations ; Electric Conductivity ; Female ; Gadolinium/*pharmacology ; Ion Channels/drug effects/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Xenopus
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Altruistic helping in human infants and young chimpanzees (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-04
    Description: Human beings routinely help others to achieve their goals, even when the helper receives no immediate benefit and the person helped is a stranger. Such altruistic behaviors (toward non-kin) are extremely rare evolutionarily, with some theorists even proposing that they are uniquely human. Here we show that human children as young as 18 months of age (prelinguistic or just-linguistic) quite readily help others to achieve their goals in a variety of different situations. This requires both an understanding of others' goals and an altruistic motivation to help. In addition, we demonstrate similar though less robust skills and motivations in three young chimpanzees.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warneken, Felix -- Tomasello, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1301-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. warneken@eva.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Altruism ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; *Helping Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Motivation ; Pan troglodytes/*psychology
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    Debating sexual selection and mating strategies (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghiselin, Michael T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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    Paleoanthropology. Lucy's 'child' offers rare glimpse of an ancient toddler (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1716.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Ethiopia ; Female ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Paleodontology ; Skeleton ; Skull/anatomy & histology
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    Women in science. MIT hiring controversy sparks faculty fracas (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):284.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Faculty ; Female ; Humans ; Massachusetts ; *Neurosciences ; *Personnel Selection ; Prejudice ; Universities/*manpower ; *Women, Working
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    HIV testing and individual rights (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mills, Edward -- Rennie, Stuart -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):417-9; author reply 417-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Serodiagnosis ; Female ; HIV Infections/*diagnosis/prevention & control ; *Human Rights ; Humans ; Male ; Mandatory Testing ; Prejudice
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    Language control in the bilingual brain (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-06-10
    Description: How does the bilingual brain distinguish and control which language is in use? Previous functional imaging experiments have not been able to answer this question because proficient bilinguals activate the same brain regions irrespective of the language being tested. Here, we reveal that neuronal responses within the left caudate are sensitive to changes in the language or the meaning of words. By demonstrating this effect in populations of German-English and Japanese-English bilinguals, we suggest that the left caudate plays a universal role in monitoring and controlling the language in use.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crinion, J -- Turner, R -- Grogan, A -- Hanakawa, T -- Noppeney, U -- Devlin, J T -- Aso, T -- Urayama, S -- Fukuyama, H -- Stockton, K -- Usui, K -- Green, D W -- Price, C J -- 051067/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Multilingualism ; Neurons/physiology ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Semantics
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    Society of Vertebrate Paleontology meeting. Crestfallen: sexually dimorphic no more (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):921.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alberta ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Dinosaurs/anatomy & histology/classification ; Female ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Species Specificity
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    Paleoanthropology. How the hobbit shrugged: tiny hominid's story takes new turn (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 19;312(5776):983-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Height ; Female ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Male ; Skeleton
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    Coevolved crypts and exocrine glands support mutualistic bacteria in fungus-growing ants (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: Attine ants engage in a quadripartite symbiosis with fungi they cultivate for food, specialized garden parasites, and parasite-inhibiting bacteria. Molecular phylogenetic evidence supports an ancient host-pathogen association between the ant-cultivar mutualism and the garden parasite. Here we show that ants rear the antibiotic-producing bacteria in elaborate cuticular crypts, supported by unique exocrine glands, and that these structures have been highly modified across the ants' evolutionary history. This specialized structural evolution, together with the absence of these bacteria and modifications in other ant genera that do not grow fungus, indicate that the bacteria have an ancient and coevolved association with the ants, their fungal cultivar, and the garden parasite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currie, Cameron R -- Poulsen, Michael -- Mendenhall, John -- Boomsma, Jacobus J -- Billen, Johan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):81-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. currie@bact.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actinomycetales/growth & development/*physiology ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis ; Antibiosis ; Ants/*anatomy & histology/*microbiology/physiology/ultrastructure ; *Biological Evolution ; Exocrine Glands/anatomy & histology/microbiology ; Female ; Fungi/*growth & development ; Hypocreales/*growth & development ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Phylogeny ; Species Specificity ; *Symbiosis
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    Male fertility and sex ratio at birth in red deer (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-12-02
    Description: Efforts to test sex ratio theory have focused mostly on females. However, when males possess traits that could enhance the reproductive success of sons, males would also benefit from the manipulation of the offspring sex ratio. We tested the prediction that more-fertile red deer males produce more sons. Our findings reveal that male fertility is positively related to the proportion of male offspring. We also show that there is a positive correlation between the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa (a main determinant of male fertility) and the proportion of male offspring. Thus, males may contribute significantly to biases in sex ratio at birth among mammals, creating the potential for conflicts of interest between males and females.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gomendio, Montserrat -- Malo, Aurelio F -- Soler, Ana J -- Fernandez-Santos, Maria R -- Esteso, Milagros C -- Garcia, Andres J -- Roldan, Eduardo R S -- Garde, Julian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1445-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Reproductive Ecology and Biology Group, Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)], 28006-Madrid, Spain. montseg@mncn.csic.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Deer/*physiology ; Female ; *Fertility ; Fertilization ; Male ; Reproduction ; *Sex Ratio ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa/cytology ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Homoploid hybrid speciation in an extreme habitat (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-02
    Description: According to theory, homoploid hybrid speciation, which is hybrid speciation without a change in chromosome number, is facilitated by adaptation to a novel or extreme habitat. Using molecular and ecological data, we found that the alpine-adapted butterflies in the genus Lycaeides are the product of hybrid speciation. The alpine populations possess a mosaic genome derived from both L. melissa and L. idas and are differentiated from and younger than their putative parental species. As predicted, adaptive traits may allow for persistence in the environmentally extreme alpine habitat and reproductively isolate these populations from their parental species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gompert, Zachariah -- Fordyce, James A -- Forister, Matthew L -- Shapiro, Arthur M -- Nice, Chris C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1923-5. Epub 2006 Nov 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Population and Conservation Biology Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Alleles ; Altitude ; Animals ; Astragalus Plant ; Bayes Theorem ; Butterflies/anatomy & histology/*genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Gene Flow ; *Genetic Speciation ; Genome ; Geography ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; North America ; Ploidies ; Reproduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Lhx2 maintains stem cell character in hair follicles (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: During embryogenesis, stem cells are set aside to fuel the postnatal hair cycle and repair the epidermis after injury. To define how hair follicle stem cells are specified and maintained in an undifferentiated state, we developed a strategy to isolate and transcriptionally profile embryonic hair progenitors in mice. We identified Lhx2 as a transcription factor positioned downstream of signals necessary to specify hair follicle stem cells, but upstream from signals required to drive activated stem cells to terminally differentiate. Using gain- and loss-of-function studies, we uncovered a role for Lhx2 in maintaining the growth and undifferentiated properties of hair follicle progenitors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2405918/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2405918/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rhee, Horace -- Polak, Lisa -- Fuchs, Elaine -- R01 AR031737/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR031737-24/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR050452/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR050452-04/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-AR050452/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1946-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Epidermis/cytology/embryology ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Hair/embryology/growth & development ; Hair Follicle/*cytology/embryology/physiology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; LIM-Homeodomain Proteins ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Morphogenesis ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Signal Transduction ; Skin Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    DNA testing. Genetic screen misses mutations in women at high risk of breast cancer (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1847.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; False Negative Reactions ; Female ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; *Genes, BRCA2 ; *Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Two Dobzhansky-Muller genes interact to cause hybrid lethality in Drosophila (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-25
    Description: The Dobzhansky-Muller model proposes that hybrid incompatibilities are caused by the interaction between genes that have functionally diverged in the respective hybridizing species. Here, we show that Lethal hybrid rescue (Lhr) has functionally diverged in Drosophila simulans and interacts with Hybrid male rescue (Hmr), which has functionally diverged in D. melanogaster, to cause lethality in F1 hybrid males. LHR localizes to heterochromatic regions of the genome and has diverged extensively in sequence between these species in a manner consistent with positive selection. Rapidly evolving heterochromatic DNA sequences may be driving the evolution of this incompatibility gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brideau, Nicholas J -- Flores, Heather A -- Wang, Jun -- Maheshwari, Shamoni -- Wang, Xu -- Barbash, Daniel A -- R01 GM074737-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1292-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/physiology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Speciation ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Selection, Genetic ; Transformation, Genetic ; Transgenes
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    Exposure to scientific theories affects women's math performance (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-21
    Description: Stereotype threat occurs when stereotyped groups perform worse as their group membership is highlighted. We investigated whether stereotype threat is affected by accounts for the origins of stereotypes. In two studies, women who read of genetic causes of sex differences performed worse on math tests than those who read of experiential causes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dar-Nimrod, Ilan -- Heine, Steven J -- R01 MH60155-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):435.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; *Aptitude ; Female ; *Genes ; Humans ; *Mathematics ; Sex Characteristics ; *Stereotyping ; Women/*psychology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Debating sexual selection and mating strategies (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lessells, C M -- Bennett, Andrew T D -- Birkhead, Tim R -- Colegrave, Nick -- Dall, Sasha R X -- Harvey, Paul H -- Hatchwell, Ben -- Hosken, Dave J -- Hunt, John -- Moore, Allen J -- Parker, Geoff A -- Pitnick, Scott -- Pizzari, Tommaso -- Radwan, Jacek -- Ritchie, Mike -- Sheldon, Ben C -- Shuker, David M -- Simmons, Leigh W -- Stockley, Paula -- Tregenza, Tom -- Zuk, Marlene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):689-97; author reply 689-97.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; *Game Theory ; Male ; Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Public health. HIV testing in China (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Zunyou -- Sun, Xinhua -- Sullivan, Sheena G -- Detels, Roger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1475-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, PR China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Serodiagnosis/statistics & numerical data ; China/epidemiology ; Confidentiality/legislation & jurisprudence ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Female ; HIV Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; Health Care Costs ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Preventing HIV/AIDS in adolescents (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Jane -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control ; Adolescent ; Counseling ; Female ; Financial Support ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior ; *United Nations/economics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 83
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    HIV decline associated with behavior change in eastern Zimbabwe (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-04
    Description: Few sub-Saharan African countries have witnessed declines in HIV prevalence, and only Uganda has compelling evidence for a decline founded on sexual behavior change. We report a decline in HIV prevalence in eastern Zimbabwe between 1998 and 2003 associated with sexual behavior change in four distinct socioeconomic strata. HIV prevalence fell most steeply at young ages-by 23 and 49%, respectively, among men aged 17 to 29 years and women aged 15 to 24 years-and in more educated groups. Sexually experienced men and women reported reductions in casual sex of 49 and 22%, respectively, whereas recent cohorts reported delayed sexual debut. Selective AIDS-induced mortality contributed to the decline in HIV prevalence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gregson, Simon -- Garnett, Geoffrey P -- Nyamukapa, Constance A -- Hallett, Timothy B -- Lewis, James J C -- Mason, Peter R -- Chandiwana, Stephen K -- Anderson, Roy M -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):664-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, UK. Sajgregson@aol.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Cohort Studies ; Condoms ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Incidence ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk-Taking ; *Sexual Behavior ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Zimbabwe/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Human hair growth deficiency is linked to a genetic defect in the phospholipase gene LIPH (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: The molecular mechanisms controlling human hair growth and scalp hair loss are poorly understood. By screening about 350,000 individuals in two populations from the Volga-Ural region of Russia, we identified a gene mutation in families who show an inherited form of hair loss and a hair growth defect. Affected individuals were homozygous for a deletion in the LIPH gene on chromosome 3q27, caused by short interspersed nuclear element-retrotransposon-mediated recombination. The LIPH gene is expressed in hair follicles and encodes a phospholipase called lipase H (alternatively known as membrane-associated phosphatidic acid-selective phospholipase A1alpha), an enzyme that regulates the production of bioactive lipids. These results suggest that lipase H participates in hair growth and development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kazantseva, Anastasiya -- Goltsov, Andrey -- Zinchenko, Rena -- Grigorenko, Anastasia P -- Abrukova, Anna V -- Moliaka, Yuri K -- Kirillov, Alexander G -- Guo, Zhiru -- Lyle, Stephen -- Ginter, Evgeny K -- Rogaev, Evgeny I -- K08-AR02179/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):982-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 303 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA 01604, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alu Elements ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Markers ; Hair/*growth & development ; Hair Follicle/enzymology ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Hypotrichosis/*genetics ; Lipase/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lod Score ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombination, Genetic ; Retroelements ; Russia ; Tandem Repeat Sequences
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    News on women's health (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):273.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Drug Costs ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Herd ; *Mass Vaccination ; Papillomaviridae/*immunology ; Papillomavirus Infections/*prevention & control ; Religion ; United States ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*prevention & control/virology ; *Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    HTRA1 promoter polymorphism in wet age-related macular degeneration (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-21
    Description: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in individuals aged older than 50 years, is classified as either wet (neovascular) or dry (nonneovascular). Inherited variation in the complement factor H gene is a major risk factor for drusen in dry AMD. Here we report that a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of HTRA1, a serine protease gene on chromosome 10q26, is a major genetic risk factor for wet AMD. A whole-genome association mapping strategy was applied to a Chinese population, yielding a P value of 〈10(-11). Individuals with the risk-associated genotype were estimated to have a likelihood of developing wet AMD 10 times that of individuals with the wild-type genotype.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dewan, Andrew -- Liu, Mugen -- Hartman, Stephen -- Zhang, Samuel Shao-Min -- Liu, David T L -- Zhao, Connie -- Tam, Pancy O S -- Chan, Wai Man -- Lam, Dennis S C -- Snyder, Michael -- Barnstable, Colin -- Pang, Chi Pui -- Hoh, Josephine -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):989-92. Epub 2006 Oct 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Macular Degeneration/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Retinal Neovascularization ; Serine Endopeptidases/*genetics ; Serum Response Factor/metabolism ; Transcription Factor AP-2/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Dual infection with HIV and malaria fuels the spread of both diseases in sub-Saharan Africa (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-13
    Description: Mounting evidence has revealed pathological interactions between HIV and malaria in dually infected patients, but the public health implications of the interplay have remained unclear. A transient almost one-log elevation in HIV viral load occurs during febrile malaria episodes; in addition, susceptibility to malaria is enhanced in HIV-infected patients. A mathematical model applied to a setting in Kenya with an adult population of roughly 200,000 estimated that, since 1980, the disease interaction may have been responsible for 8,500 excess HIV infections and 980,000 excess malaria episodes. Co-infection might also have facilitated the geographic expansion of malaria in areas where HIV prevalence is high. Hence, transient and repeated increases in HIV viral load resulting from recurrent co-infection with malaria may be an important factor in promoting the spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abu-Raddad, Laith J -- Patnaik, Padmaja -- Kublin, James G -- P30 AI 27757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1603-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. laith@scharp.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Antimalarials/therapeutic use ; Disease Susceptibility ; Endemic Diseases ; Female ; HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology/transmission/virology ; HIV-1/physiology ; Humans ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology/transmission ; Male ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Sexual Behavior ; Viral Load ; Viremia ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    High gamma power is phase-locked to theta oscillations in human neocortex (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-16
    Description: We observed robust coupling between the high- and low-frequency bands of ongoing electrical activity in the human brain. In particular, the phase of the low-frequency theta (4 to 8 hertz) rhythm modulates power in the high gamma (80 to 150 hertz) band of the electrocorticogram, with stronger modulation occurring at higher theta amplitudes. Furthermore, different behavioral tasks evoke distinct patterns of theta/high gamma coupling across the cortex. The results indicate that transient coupling between low- and high-frequency brain rhythms coordinates activity in distributed cortical areas, providing a mechanism for effective communication during cognitive processing in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2628289/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2628289/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canolty, R T -- Edwards, E -- Dalal, S S -- Soltani, M -- Nagarajan, S S -- Kirsch, H E -- Berger, M S -- Barbaro, N M -- Knight, R T -- F31DC006762/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- NS21135/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC004855/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC004855-01A1/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS021135/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS021135-20/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1626-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. rcanolty@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Attention ; Auditory Perception ; Cognition ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Electrophysiology ; Epilepsy/physiopathology/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Memory ; *Mental Processes ; Middle Aged ; Neocortex/*physiology ; Psychomotor Performance ; *Theta Rhythm ; Visual Perception
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    Defective lipolysis and altered energy metabolism in mice lacking adipose triglyceride lipase (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-06
    Description: Fat tissue is the most important energy depot in vertebrates. The release of free fatty acids (FFAs) from stored fat requires the enzymatic activity of lipases. We showed that genetic inactivation of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in mice increases adipose mass and leads to triacylglycerol deposition in multiple tissues. ATGL-deficient mice accumulated large amounts of lipid in the heart, causing cardiac dysfunction and premature death. Defective cold adaptation indicated that the enzyme provides FFAs to fuel thermogenesis. The reduced availability of ATGL-derived FFAs leads to increased glucose use, increased glucose tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity. These results indicate that ATGL is rate limiting in the catabolism of cellular fat depots and plays an important role in energy homeostasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haemmerle, Guenter -- Lass, Achim -- Zimmermann, Robert -- Gorkiewicz, Gregor -- Meyer, Carola -- Rozman, Jan -- Heldmaier, Gerhard -- Maier, Robert -- Theussl, Christian -- Eder, Sandra -- Kratky, Dagmar -- Wagner, Erwin F -- Klingenspor, Martin -- Hoefler, Gerald -- Zechner, Rudolf -- F 3001/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- F 3002/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):734-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/anatomy & histology/*enzymology/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/enzymology ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Size ; *Energy Metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood/metabolism ; Female ; Heart Failure/pathology ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/blood ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Kidney/metabolism ; Lipase/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Lipids/blood ; *Lipolysis/drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Myocardium/metabolism/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Testis/metabolism ; Thermogenesis ; Triglycerides/*metabolism ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
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    Reproductive social behavior: cooperative games to replace sexual selection (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-02-18
    Description: Theories about sexual selection can be traced back to Darwin in 1871. He proposed that males fertilize as many females as possible with inexpensive sperm, whereas females, with a limited supply of large eggs, select the genetically highest quality males to endow their offspring with superior capabilities. Since its proposal, problems with this narrative have continued to accumulate, and it is our view that sexual selection theory needs to be replaced. We suggest an approach that relies on the exchange of direct ecological benefits among cooperating animals without reference to genetic benefits. This approach can be expressed mathematically in a branch of game theory that pertains to bargaining and side payments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roughgarden, Joan -- Oishi, Meeko -- Akcay, Erol -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):965-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA. joan.roughgarden@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Charadriiformes/physiology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; *Game Theory ; Male ; Mathematics ; Oviposition ; Perciformes/physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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    Losartan, an AT1 antagonist, prevents aortic aneurysm in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-08
    Description: Aortic aneurysm and dissection are manifestations of Marfan syndrome (MFS), a disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes fibrillin-1. Selected manifestations of MFS reflect excessive signaling by the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of cytokines. We show that aortic aneurysm in a mouse model of MFS is associated with increased TGF-beta signaling and can be prevented by TGF-beta antagonists such as TGF-beta-neutralizing antibody or the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker, losartan. AT1 antagonism also partially reversed noncardiovascular manifestations of MFS, including impaired alveolar septation. These data suggest that losartan, a drug already in clinical use for hypertension, merits investigation as a therapeutic strategy for patients with MFS and has the potential to prevent the major life-threatening manifestation of this disorder.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1482474/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1482474/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Habashi, Jennifer P -- Judge, Daniel P -- Holm, Tammy M -- Cohn, Ronald D -- Loeys, Bart L -- Cooper, Timothy K -- Myers, Loretha -- Klein, Erin C -- Liu, Guosheng -- Calvi, Carla -- Podowski, Megan -- Neptune, Enid R -- Halushka, Marc K -- Bedja, Djahida -- Gabrielson, Kathleen -- Rifkin, Daniel B -- Carta, Luca -- Ramirez, Francesco -- Huso, David L -- Dietz, Harry C -- K08 HL067056/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):117-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Aorta/pathology ; Aortic Aneurysm/etiology/*prevention & control ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Elastic Tissue/pathology ; Female ; Losartan/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Lung/pathology ; Lung Diseases/drug therapy/pathology ; Marfan Syndrome/complications/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins/genetics ; Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy ; Propranolol/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/*metabolism
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    Alterations in 5-HT1B receptor function by p11 in depression-like states (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: The pathophysiology of depression remains enigmatic, although abnormalities in serotonin signaling have been implicated. We have found that the serotonin 1B receptor [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1B) receptor] interacts with p11. p11 increases localization of 5-HT1B receptors at the cell surface. p11 is increased in rodent brains by antidepressants or electroconvulsive therapy, but decreased in an animal model of depression and in brain tissue from depressed patients. Overexpression of p11 increases 5-HT1B receptor function in cells and recapitulates certain behaviors seen after antidepressant treatment in mice. p11 knockout mice exhibit a depression-like phenotype and have reduced responsiveness to 5-HT1B receptor agonists and reduced behavioral reactions to an antidepressant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Svenningsson, Per -- Chergui, Karima -- Rachleff, Ilan -- Flajolet, Marc -- Zhang, Xiaoqun -- El Yacoubi, Malika -- Vaugeois, Jean-Marie -- Nomikos, George G -- Greengard, Paul -- DA10044/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH40899/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):77-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Annexin A2/genetics/*metabolism ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Depression/genetics/*metabolism ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B/*metabolism ; S100 Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Serotonin/metabolism/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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    A common genetic variant is associated with adult and childhood obesity (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-15
    Description: Obesity is a heritable trait and a risk factor for many common diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. We used a dense whole-genome scan of DNA samples from the Framingham Heart Study participants to identify a common genetic variant near the INSIG2 gene associated with obesity. We have replicated the finding in four separate samples composed of individuals of Western European ancestry, African Americans, and children. The obesity-predisposing genotype is present in 10% of individuals. Our study suggests that common genetic polymorphisms are important determinants of obesity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herbert, Alan -- Gerry, Norman P -- McQueen, Matthew B -- Heid, Iris M -- Pfeufer, Arne -- Illig, Thomas -- Wichmann, H-Erich -- Meitinger, Thomas -- Hunter, David -- Hu, Frank B -- Colditz, Graham -- Hinney, Anke -- Hebebrand, Johannes -- Koberwitz, Kerstin -- Zhu, Xiaofeng -- Cooper, Richard -- Ardlie, Kristin -- Lyon, Helen -- Hirschhorn, Joel N -- Laird, Nan M -- Lenburg, Marc E -- Lange, Christoph -- Christman, Michael F -- CA87969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K23DK067288/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30DK46200/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD060726/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01GM046877/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01HL074166/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL54485/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL66289/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01MH59532/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01HL65899/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 14;312(5771):279-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Genomics, Boston University Medical School, E613, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA. aherbert@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; African Americans ; Alleles ; *Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Europe ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Models, Genetic ; Obesity/*genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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    Cellular senescence in aging primates (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-02-04
    Description: The aging of organisms is characterized by a gradual functional decline of all organ systems. Mammalian somatic cells in culture display a limited proliferative life span, at the end of which they undergo an irreversible cell cycle arrest known as replicative senescence. Whether cellular senescence contributes to organismal aging has been controversial. We investigated telomere dysfunction, a recently discovered biomarker of cellular senescence, and found that the number of senescent fibroblasts increases exponentially in the skin of aging baboons, reaching 〉15% of all cells in very old individuals. In addition, the same cells contain activated ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase and heterochromatinized nuclei, confirming their senescent status.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herbig, Utz -- Ferreira, Mark -- Condel, Laura -- Carey, Dee -- Sedivy, John M -- F32 CA099388/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL028972/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR015578/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR013986/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG016694/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1257. Epub 2006 Feb 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Biomarkers ; Cell Aging/*physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Replication ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Dermis/cytology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/*physiology ; Heterochromatin/metabolism ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Papio/*physiology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Telomere/physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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    Cloning. South Korean team's remaining human stem cell claim demolished (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- Vogel, Gretchen -- Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):156-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Blastocyst ; *Cell Line ; *Cloning, Organism ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Dogs ; Embryo Research/ethics ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Parthenogenesis ; *Scientific Misconduct ; *Stem Cells ; Tissue Donors
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    The Xist RNA gene evolved in eutherians by pseudogenization of a protein-coding gene (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-06-17
    Description: The Xist noncoding RNA is the key initiator of the process of X chromosome inactivation in eutherian mammals, but its precise function and origin remain unknown. Although Xist is well conserved among eutherians, until now, no homolog has been identified in other mammals. We show here that Xist evolved, at least partly, from a protein-coding gene and that the loss of protein-coding function of the proto-Xist coincides with the four flanking protein genes becoming pseudogenes. This event occurred after the divergence between eutherians and marsupials, which suggests that mechanisms of dosage compensation have evolved independently in both lineages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duret, Laurent -- Chureau, Corinne -- Samain, Sylvie -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Avner, Philip -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1653-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive (UMR 5558), CNRS and Universite Lyon 1, 16 rue Raphael Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France. duret@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle/genetics ; Chickens/genetics ; Dogs/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/*genetics ; Mice/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Opossums/genetics ; Phylogeny ; *Pseudogenes ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Vertebrates/*genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation ; Xenopus/genetics
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    Epidemiology. Understanding HIV epidemic trends in Africa (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayes, Richard -- Weiss, Helen -- G0700837/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):620-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK. richard.hayes@lshtm.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Anti-HIV Agents/supply & distribution/therapeutic use ; Circumcision, Male ; *Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk-Taking ; *Sexual Behavior ; Zimbabwe/epidemiology
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    Seed dispersal by weta (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-03-18
    Description: Weta are giant, flightless grasshoppers that are endemic to New Zealand. In the absence of native mammals, weta are thought to perform similar ecological functions. As such, they might be expected to be important seeds dispersers. However, insects are not known to consume fleshy fruits and to disperse seeds after gut passage. We conducted a series of observations and experiments to test whether weta form mutualistic partnerships with fleshy-fruited plants as seed dispersers, similar to small mammals elsewhere in the world. Results showed that weta are indeed effective seeds dispersers, providing an example of ecological convergence between unrelated organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duthie, Catherine -- Gibbs, George -- Burns, K C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1575.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Post Office Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Fruit ; Germination ; Grasshoppers/*physiology ; Male ; Mammals ; New Zealand ; *Seeds/growth & development
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    Human Behavior and Evolution Society meeting. Long-ago peoples may have been long in the tooth (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1867.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthropology ; Bolivia ; Female ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; *Indians, South American/history ; Life Expectancy ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mortality ; Population Groups/history
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    Gene transposition as a cause of hybrid sterility in Drosophila (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-09
    Description: We describe reproductive isolation caused by a gene transposition. In certain Drosophila melanogaster-D. simulans hybrids, hybrid male sterility is caused by the lack of a single-copy gene essential for male fertility, JYAlpha. This gene is located on the fourth chromosome of D. melanogaster but on the third chromosome of D. simulans. Genomic and molecular analyses show that JYAlpha transposed to the third chromosome during the evolutionary history of the D. simulans lineage. Because of this transposition, a fraction of hybrids completely lack JYAlpha and are sterile, representing reproductive isolation without sequence evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masly, John P -- Jones, Corbin D -- Noor, Mohamed A F -- Locke, John -- Orr, H Allen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1448-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. msly@mail.rochester.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16960009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Drosophila/enzymology/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/enzymology/*genetics/physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Fertility/genetics ; Gene Dosage ; *Genes, Insect ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction/genetics ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*genetics ; Sperm Motility
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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