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  • Humans  (671)
  • Female  (170)
  • Male  (169)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (770)
  • 2010-2014
  • 2000-2004  (770)
  • 1990-1994
  • 2003  (770)
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Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (770)
Years
  • 2010-2014
  • 2000-2004  (770)
  • 1990-1994
Year
  • 101
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Kathryn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):160-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis/epidemiology/*genetics ; Brain/metabolism ; Child ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics ; Receptors, Dopamine D4 ; Risk Factors ; Social Environment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 102
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reslewic, Susan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1091.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Policy ; Obesity/*psychology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 103
    Publication Date: 2003-06-07
    Description: Cytokines are inflammatory mediators important in responding to pathogens and other foreign challenges. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 are two cytokines produced by T helper type 2 cells, mast cells, and basophils. In addition to their physiological roles, these cytokines are also implicated in pathological conditions such as asthma and allergy. IL-4 can stimulate two receptors, type I and type II, whereas IL-13 signaling is mediated only by the type II receptor (see the STKE Connections Maps). These cytokines activate the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling cascades, which may contribute to allergic responses. In addition, stimulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway through recruitment of members of the insulin receptor substrate family may contribute to survival and proliferation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelly-Welch, Ann E -- Hanson, Erica M -- Boothby, Mark R -- Keegan, Achsah D -- AI38985/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45662/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI49460/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM42550/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL61752/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 6;300(5625):1527-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855, and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12791978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Asthma/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/immunology/metabolism ; Interleukin-13/*metabolism ; Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit ; Interleukin-4/*metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin/chemistry/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-13 ; Receptors, Interleukin-4/chemistry/metabolism ; STAT6 Transcription Factor ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; src Homology Domains
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 104
    Publication Date: 2003-03-01
    Description: The mechanisms that determine how folding attempts are interrupted to target folding-incompetent proteins for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) are poorly defined. Here the alpha-mannosidase I-like protein EDEM was shown to extract misfolded glycoproteins, but not glycoproteins undergoing productive folding, from the calnexin cycle. EDEM overexpression resulted in faster release of folding-incompetent proteins from the calnexin cycle and earlier onset of degradation, whereas EDEM down-regulation prolonged folding attempts and delayed ERAD. Up-regulation of EDEM during ER stress may promote cell recovery by clearing the calnexin cycle and by accelerating ERAD of terminally misfolded polypeptides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Molinari, Maurizio -- Calanca, Verena -- Galli, Carmela -- Lucca, Paola -- Paganetti, Paolo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 28;299(5611):1397-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Maurizio.molinari@irb.unisi.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12610306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Calnexin/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Down-Regulation ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Glycoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; RNA Interference ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 105
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harrington, Gordon M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1671.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthropology ; History, 16th Century ; Humans ; Indians, South American/*history ; Peru ; Writing/*history
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  • 106
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1861.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Environment ; Humans ; Population Growth
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 107
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hardy, John -- Singleton, Andrew -- Gwinn-Hardy, Katrina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):739-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Continental Population Groups/genetics ; Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; *Genetics, Medical ; *Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive/genetics/physiopathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnosis/*genetics/physiopathology/therapy ; Phenotype ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias/genetics/physiopathology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 108
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1138-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Aged ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Cognition/drug effects ; Dementia/*etiology ; Drug Combinations ; *Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects ; Estrogens/*pharmacology ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/administration & dosage/*adverse ; effects/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/administration & dosage/*adverse ; effects/*pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology ; Patient Selection ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/chemically induced/complications ; Time Factors
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  • 109
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: Cranial radiation therapy causes a progressive decline in cognitive function that is linked to impaired neurogenesis. Chronic inflammation accompanies radiation injury, suggesting that inflammatory processes may contribute to neural stem cell dysfunction. Here, we show that neuroinflammation alone inhibits neurogenesis and that inflammatory blockade with indomethacin, a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, restores neurogenesis after endotoxin-induced inflammation and augments neurogenesis after cranial irradiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monje, Michelle L -- Toda, Hiroki -- Palmer, Theo D -- F30 NS04696701/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- MH20016-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1760-5. Epub 2003 Nov 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford University, Department of Neurosurgery, MSLS P309, Mail Code 5487, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Cytokine Receptor gp130 ; Cytokines/physiology ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology/drug effects/physiology/radiation effects ; Female ; Gamma Rays ; Hippocampus/cytology/drug effects/*physiology/radiation effects ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Indomethacin/*pharmacology ; Inflammation/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Interleukin-6/pharmacology/physiology ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Microglia/*physiology ; Mitotic Index ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology/radiation effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/physiology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 110
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 24;299(5606):496-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12543949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; *Communication Aids for Disabled ; *Computer Systems ; Electrodes, Implanted ; *Electroencephalography ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Paralysis/physiopathology/rehabilitation ; Robotics ; *Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software ; *User-Computer Interface
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 111
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richmond, Julius B -- Fein, Rashi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1813.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; *Insurance, Health ; Medicare ; *National Health Insurance, United States ; *Physicians ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 112
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, Hugh H -- Pickering, Ingrid J -- George, Graham N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 29;301(5637):1203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, SLAC, MS 69, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12947190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cysteine/*analogs & derivatives/*analysis/toxicity ; *Fishes ; Food Contamination ; Humans ; Methylmercury Compounds/*analysis/toxicity ; Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry ; *Perciformes ; Seafood/*analysis ; Spectrum Analysis ; X-Rays
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  • 113
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 15;301(5635):895.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada ; *Commerce ; *Drug Costs ; *Drug Industry ; Humans ; *Legislation, Drug ; Politics ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 114
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mourier, Tobias -- Jeffares, Daniel C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1393.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. tmourier@zi.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/genetics ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Eukaryota/genetics ; *Eukaryotic Cells ; Fungi/genetics ; Humans ; Insects/genetics ; Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ; *Introns ; Mice ; Plasmodium/genetics ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Rats ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Takifugu/genetics ; Templates, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 115
    Publication Date: 2003-06-07
    Description: Insulin resistance is a major hallmark in the development of type II diabetes, which is characterized by the failure of insulin to promote glucose uptake in muscle and to suppress glucose production in liver. The serine-threonine kinase Akt (PKB) is a principal target of insulin signaling that inhibits hepatic glucose output when glucose is available from food. Here we show that TRB3, a mammalian homolog of Drosophila tribbles, functions as a negative modulator of Akt. TRB3 expression is induced in liver under fasting conditions, and TRB3 disrupts insulin signaling by binding directly to Akt and blocking activation of the kinase. Amounts of TRB3 RNA and protein were increased in livers of db/db diabetic mice compared with those in wild-type mice. Hepatic overexpression of TRB3 in amounts comparable to those in db/db mice promoted hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Our results suggest that, by interfering with Akt activation, TRB3 contributes to insulin resistance in individuals with susceptibility to type II diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Du, Keyong -- Herzig, Stephan -- Kulkarni, Rohit N -- Montminy, Marc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 6;300(5625):1574-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12791994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics/physiology ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Diabetes Mellitus/genetics/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Fasting ; Genetic Vectors ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucose Intolerance ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/blood/*metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology ; Liver/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Repressor Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Transgenes ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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  • 116
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):437.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Graduate ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Faculty ; *Foreign Professional Personnel ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Research Personnel ; Science/education ; *Security Measures ; *Travel ; United States
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  • 117
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muhlhausler, Beverly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1091-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Birth Weight ; Child ; Humans ; Obesity/*embryology
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  • 118
    Publication Date: 2003-06-07
    Description: The medial temporal lobe is crucial for the ability to learn and retain new declarative memories. This form of memory includes the ability to quickly establish novel associations between unrelated items. To better understand the patterns of neural activity during associative memory formation, we recorded the activity of hippocampal neurons of macaque monkeys as they learned new associations. Hippocampal neurons signaled learning by changing their stimulus-selective response properties. This change in the pattern of selective neural activity occurred before, at the same time as, or after learning, which suggests that these neurons are involved in the initial formation of new associative memories.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wirth, Sylvia -- Yanike, Marianna -- Frank, Loren M -- Smith, Anne C -- Brown, Emery N -- Suzuki, Wendy A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 6;300(5625):1578-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12791995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Association Learning/*physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology
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  • 119
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: In the anoxic Cariaco Basin of the southern Caribbean, the bulk titanium content of undisturbed sediment reflects variations in riverine input and the hydrological cycle over northern tropical South America. A seasonally resolved record of titanium shows that the collapse of Maya civilization in the Terminal Classic Period occurred during an extended regional dry period, punctuated by more intense multiyear droughts centered at approximately 810, 860, and 910 A.D. These new data suggest that a century-scale decline in rainfall put a general strain on resources in the region, which was then exacerbated by abrupt drought events, contributing to the social stresses that led to the Maya demise.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haug, Gerald H -- Gunther, Detlef -- Peterson, Larry C -- Sigman, Daniel M -- Hughen, Konrad A -- Aeschlimann, Beat -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1731-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, ETH, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. haug@gfz-potsdam.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; Civilization/*history ; *Climate ; Disasters/*history ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Indians, South American/*history ; Rain ; Titanium/analysis ; Venezuela
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  • 120
    Publication Date: 2003-06-28
    Description: Human antibody 2G12 neutralizes a broad range of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates by binding an unusually dense cluster of carbohydrate moieties on the "silent" face of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein. Crystal structures of Fab 2G12 and its complexes with the disaccharide Manalpha1-2Man and with the oligosaccharide Man9GlcNAc2 revealed that two Fabs assemble into an interlocked VH domain-swapped dimer. Further biochemical, biophysical, and mutagenesis data strongly support a Fab-dimerized antibody as the prevalent form that recognizes gp120. The extraordinary configuration of this antibody provides an extended surface, with newly described binding sites, for multivalent interaction with a conserved cluster of oligomannose type sugars on the surface of gp120. The unique interdigitation of Fab domains within an antibody uncovers a previously unappreciated mechanism for high-affinity recognition of carbohydrate or other repeating epitopes on cell or microbial surfaces.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Calarese, Daniel A -- Scanlan, Christopher N -- Zwick, Michael B -- Deechongkit, Songpon -- Mimura, Yusuke -- Kunert, Renate -- Zhu, Ping -- Wormald, Mark R -- Stanfield, Robyn L -- Roux, Kenneth H -- Kelly, Jeffery W -- Rudd, Pauline M -- Dwek, Raymond A -- Katinger, Hermann -- Burton, Dennis R -- Wilson, Ian A -- AI33292/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM46192/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2065-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Antibody Affinity ; Antibody Specificity ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Disaccharides/chemistry/metabolism ; Epitopes ; HIV Antibodies/*chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*immunology ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/*chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Light Chains/chemistry/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/chemistry/immunology ; Lectins/chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Lectins, C-Type/metabolism ; Ligands ; Mannans/chemistry/metabolism ; Mannosides/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
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  • 121
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dayton, Leigh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 24;302(5645):555.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthropology ; Australia ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Fossils ; Haplotypes ; *Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; Oceanic Ancestry Group/genetics ; Paleontology ; Time
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  • 122
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: The Arabidopsis autonomous floral-promotion pathway promotes flowering independently of the photoperiod and vernalization pathways by repressing FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a MADS-box transcription factor that blocks the transition from vegetative to reproductive development. Here, we report that FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD), one of six genes in the autonomous pathway, encodes a plant homolog of a protein found in histone deacetylase complexes in mammals. Lesions in FLD result in hyperacetylation of histones in FLC chromatin, up-regulation of FLC expression, and extremely delayed flowering. Thus, the autonomous pathway regulates flowering in part by histone deacetylation. However, not all autonomous-pathway mutants exhibit FLC hyperacetylation, indicating that multiple means exist by which this pathway represses FLC expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Yuehui -- Michaels, Scott D -- Amasino, Richard M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1751-4. Epub 2003 Oct 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Flowers/*growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Histone Deacetylases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Introns ; MADS Domain Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 123
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 28;299(5615):1945.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12663881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Warfare ; Chemical Warfare ; Humans ; Iraq ; Military Medicine ; Military Personnel ; *Science ; United States ; *Warfare
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  • 124
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-11-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 21;302(5649):1321.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14631016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior Therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cycloserine/*therapeutic use ; *Fear ; Humans ; Learning ; Phobic Disorders/*therapy ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/agonists/*metabolism ; *User-Computer Interface
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  • 125
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: Eukaryotic 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (2-Cys Prxs) not only act as antioxidants, but also appear to regulate hydrogen peroxide-mediated signal transduction. We show that bacterial 2-Cys Prxs are much less sensitive to oxidative inactivation than are eukaryotic 2-Cys Prxs. By identifying two sequence motifs unique to the sensitive 2-Cys Prxs and comparing the crystal structure of a bacterial 2-Cys Prx at 2.2 angstrom resolution with other Prx structures, we define the structural origins of sensitivity. We suggest this adaptation allows 2-Cys Prxs to act as floodgates, keeping resting levels of hydrogen peroxide low, while permitting higher levels during signal transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wood, Zachary A -- Poole, Leslie B -- Karplus, P Andrew -- ES00210/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- GM50389/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM050389/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM050389-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):650-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacteria/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine/metabolism ; Disulfides/chemistry/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/*metabolism ; Models, Chemical ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peroxidases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Peroxiredoxins ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Salmonella typhimurium/*enzymology ; Sequence Alignment ; *Signal Transduction ; Sulfenic Acids/metabolism ; Sulfinic Acids/metabolism ; Yeasts/enzymology
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  • 126
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: Archaeology and indigenous history of Native Amazonian peoples in the Upper Xingu region of Brazil reveal unexpectedly complex regional settlement patterns and large-scale transformations of local landscapes over the past millennium. Mapping and excavation of archaeological structures document pronounced human-induced alteration of the forest cover, particularly in relation to large, dense late-prehistoric settlements (circa 1200 to 1600 A.D.). The findings contribute to debates on human carrying capacity, population size and settlement patterns, anthropogenic impacts on the environment, and the importance of indigenous knowledge, as well as contributing to the pride of place of the native peoples in this part of the Amazon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heckenberger, Michael J -- Kuikuro, Afukaka -- Kuikuro, Urissapa Tabata -- Russell, J Christian -- Schmidt, Morgan -- Fausto, Carlos -- Franchetto, Bruna -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1710-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. mheckenb@anthro.ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; *Archaeology ; Brazil ; *Culture ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Humans ; *Population Density ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
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  • 127
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-03-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murray, Martyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 21;299(5614):1851-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. m.murray@ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12649469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Commerce ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Culture ; Food ; Humans ; Ownership ; Plants ; Spirituality ; Technology
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  • 128
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: Prefoldins (PFDs) are members of a recently identified, small-molecular weight protein family able to assemble into molecular chaperone complexes. Here we describe an unusually large member of this family, termed URI, that forms complexes with other small-molecular weight PFDs and with RPB5, a shared subunit of all three RNA polymerases. Functional analysis of the yeast and human orthologs of URI revealed that both are targets of nutrient signaling and participate in gene expression controlled by the TOR kinase. Thus, URI is a component of a signaling pathway that coordinates nutrient availability with gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gstaiger, Matthias -- Luke, Brian -- Hess, Daniel -- Oakeley, Edward J -- Wirbelauer, Christiane -- Blondel, Marc -- Vigneron, Marc -- Peter, Matthias -- Krek, Wilhelm -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1208-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Friedrich Miescher Institut, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/metabolism ; GATA Transcription Factors ; *Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; *Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Subunits/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus/pharmacology ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Transfection
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  • 129
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Castro Moreira, Ildeu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):141.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil ; Educational Status ; Humans ; Research ; Research Support as Topic ; *Science/education ; Technology
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  • 130
    Publication Date: 2003-08-02
    Description: Axonal voltage-gated potassium (Kv1) channels regulate action-potential invasion and hence transmitter release. Although evolutionarily conserved, what mediates their axonal targeting is not known. We found that Kv1 axonal targeting required its T1 tetramerization domain. When fused to unpolarized CD4 or dendritic transferrin receptor, T1 promoted their axonal surface expression. Moreover, T1 mutations eliminating Kvbeta association compromised axonal targeting, but not surface expression, of CD4-T1 fusion proteins. Thus, proper association of Kvbeta with the Kv1 T1 domain is essential for axonal targeting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gu, Chen -- Jan, Yuh Nung -- Jan, Lily Yeh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 1;301(5633):646-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0725, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12893943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antigens, CD4/metabolism ; Axons/*metabolism ; Biopolymers ; COS Cells ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Polarity ; Cells, Cultured ; Dendrites/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Humans ; Kv1.2 Potassium Channel ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis ; Neurons/metabolism ; Potassium Channels/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; *Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Shaker Superfamily of Potassium Channels ; Shal Potassium Channels ; Transfection
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  • 131
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: Mutations in the cytochrome P450 family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (CYP1B1) gene are a common cause of human primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Here we show that Cyp1b1-/- mice have ocular drainage structure abnormalities resembling those reported in human PCG patients. Using Cyp1b1-/- mice, we identified the tyrosinase gene (Tyr) as a modifier of the drainage structure phenotype, with Tyr deficiency increasing the magnitude of dysgenesis. The severe dysgenesis in eyes lacking both CYP1B1 and TYR was alleviated by administration of the tyrosinase product dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa). Tyr also modified the drainage structure dysgenesis in mice with a mutant Foxc1 gene, which is also involved in PCG. These experiments raise the possibility that a tyrosinase/l-dopa pathway modifies human PCG, which could open new therapeutic avenues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Libby, Richard T -- Smith, Richard S -- Savinova, Olga V -- Zabaleta, Adriana -- Martin, Janice E -- Gonzalez, Frank J -- John, Simon W M -- CA34196/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1578-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Albinism, Ocular/genetics/pathology ; Animals ; Anterior Eye Segment/*abnormalities ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/deficiency/genetics ; Cornea/abnormalities ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1 ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Glaucoma/*congenital/enzymology/*genetics/pathology ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris/abnormalities ; Levodopa/administration & dosage/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Monophenol Monooxygenase/deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Trabecular Meshwork/abnormalities ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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  • 132
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, Susan M -- Hastings, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1382-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. smr@bcm.tmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775830" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Air Microbiology ; Animals ; *Bacterial Proteins ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; DNA Repair ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Digestive System/microbiology ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism ; Exodeoxyribonuclease V ; Exodeoxyribonucleases/metabolism ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; MutS DNA Mismatch-Binding Protein ; *Mutagenesis ; Oxidative Stress ; Rec A Recombinases/metabolism ; SOS Response (Genetics) ; Water Microbiology
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  • 133
    Publication Date: 2003-08-23
    Description: In memory consolidation, the memory trace stabilizes and becomes resistant to certain amnesic agents. The textbook account is that for any memorized item, consolidation starts and ends just once. However, evidence has accumulated that upon activation in retrieval, the trace may reconsolidate. Whereas some authors reported transient renewed susceptibility of retrieved memories to consolidation blockers, others could not detect it. Here, we report that in both conditioned taste aversion in the rat and fear conditioning in the medaka fish, the stability of retrieved memory is inversely correlated with the control of behavior by that memory. This result may explain some conflicting findings on reconsolidation of activated memories.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisenberg, Mark -- Kobilo, Tali -- Berman, Diego E -- Dudai, Yadin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 22;301(5636):1102-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12934010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminobenzoates/pharmacology ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Anisomycin/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Avoidance Learning ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Electroshock ; *Extinction, Psychological/drug effects ; Fear ; Male ; *Memory ; *Mental Recall ; Oryzias ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Taste ; meta-Aminobenzoates
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  • 134
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: In March 2003, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was discovered in association with cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The sequence of the complete genome of SARS-CoV was determined, and the initial characterization of the viral genome is presented in this report. The genome of SARS-CoV is 29,727 nucleotides in length and has 11 open reading frames, and its genome organization is similar to that of other coronaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses and sequence comparisons showed that SARS-CoV is not closely related to any of the previously characterized coronaviruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rota, Paul A -- Oberste, M Steven -- Monroe, Stephan S -- Nix, W Allan -- Campagnoli, Ray -- Icenogle, Joseph P -- Penaranda, Silvia -- Bankamp, Bettina -- Maher, Kaija -- Chen, Min-Hsin -- Tong, Suxiong -- Tamin, Azaibi -- Lowe, Luis -- Frace, Michael -- DeRisi, Joseph L -- Chen, Qi -- Wang, David -- Erdman, Dean D -- Peret, Teresa C T -- Burns, Cara -- Ksiazek, Thomas G -- Rollin, Pierre E -- Sanchez, Anthony -- Liffick, Stephanie -- Holloway, Brian -- Limor, Josef -- McCaustland, Karen -- Olsen-Rasmussen, Melissa -- Fouchier, Ron -- Gunther, Stephan -- Osterhaus, Albert D M E -- Drosten, Christian -- Pallansch, Mark A -- Anderson, Larry J -- Bellini, William J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1394-9. Epub 2003 May 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. prota@cdc.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Conserved Sequence ; Coronavirus/classification/genetics ; DNA, Complementary ; Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics ; *Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleocapsid Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Polyproteins/chemistry/genetics ; RNA Replicase/chemistry/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; SARS Virus/chemistry/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/virology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Viral Matrix Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/*genetics
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  • 135
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snyder, Michael -- Gerstein, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):258-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Base Sequence ; Conserved Sequence ; Gene Silencing ; *Genes ; Genome, Fungal ; Genome, Human ; *Genomics ; Humans ; Open Reading Frames ; Pseudogenes ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 136
    Publication Date: 2003-10-11
    Description: A neuroimaging study examined the neural correlates of social exclusion and tested the hypothesis that the brain bases of social pain are similar to those of physical pain. Participants were scanned while playing a virtual ball-tossing game in which they were ultimately excluded. Paralleling results from physical pain studies, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was more active during exclusion than during inclusion and correlated positively with self-reported distress. Right ventral prefrontal cortex (RVPFC) was active during exclusion and correlated negatively with self-reported distress. ACC changes mediated the RVPFC-distress correlation, suggesting that RVPFC regulates the distress of social exclusion by disrupting ACC activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisenberger, Naomi I -- Lieberman, Matthew D -- Williams, Kipling D -- R21MH66709-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 10;302(5643):290-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Franz Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA. neisenbe@ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14551436" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain Mapping ; *Emotions ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Rejection (Psychology) ; *Social Isolation
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  • 137
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-02-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neiburger, E J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 31;299(5607):660-1; author reply 660-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12561822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Body Temperature Regulation ; *Hair/anatomy & histology ; Hair Color ; Lions/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Male ; *Research Design ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Thermography
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  • 138
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, Laura -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1133.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cognition ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Mental Processes ; *Models, Neurological ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology
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  • 139
    Publication Date: 2003-02-22
    Description: We have developed a proteomic approach for identifying phosphopeptide binding domains that modulate kinase-dependent signaling pathways. An immobilized library of partially degenerate phosphopeptides biased toward a particular protein kinase phosphorylation motif is used to isolate phospho-binding domains that bind to proteins phosphorylated by that kinase. Applying this approach to cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), we identified the polo-box domain (PBD) of the mitotic kinase polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) as a specific phosphoserine (pSer) or phosphothreonine (pThr) binding domain and determined its optimal binding motif. This motif is present in known Plk1 substrates such as Cdc25, and an optimal phosphopeptide containing the motif disrupted PBD-substrate binding and localization of the PBD to centrosomes. This finding reveals how Plk1 can localize to specific sites within cells in response to Cdk phosphorylation at those sites and provides a structural mechanism for targeting the Plk1 kinase domain to its substrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elia, Andrew E H -- Cantley, Lewis C -- Yaffe, Michael B -- GM52981/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM56203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 21;299(5610):1228-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12595692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Calorimetry ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Centrosome/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mitosis ; Peptide Library ; Phosphopeptides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/*metabolism ; Phosphothreonine/*metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proteomics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; cdc25 Phosphatases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 140
    Publication Date: 2003-12-04
    Description: Vancomycin is usually reserved for treatment of serious infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A clinical isolate of S. aureus with high-level resistance to vancomycin (minimal inhibitory concentration = 1024 microg/ml) was isolated in June 2002. This isolate harbored a 57.9-kilobase multiresistance conjugative plasmid within which Tn1546 (vanA) was integrated. Additional elements on the plasmid encoded resistance to trimethoprim (dfrA), beta-lactams (blaZ), aminoglycosides (aacA-aphD), and disinfectants (qacC). Genetic analyses suggest that the long-anticipated transfer of vancomycin resistance to a methicillin-resistant S. aureus occurred in vivo by interspecies transfer of Tn1546 from a co-isolate of Enterococcus faecalis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weigel, Linda M -- Clewell, Don B -- Gill, Steven R -- Clark, Nancye C -- McDougal, Linda K -- Flannagan, Susan E -- Kolonay, James F -- Shetty, Jyoti -- Killgore, George E -- Tenover, Fred C -- N01-AI-95359/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 28;302(5650):1569-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. lweigel@cdc.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14645850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Proteins/*genetics ; Carbon-Oxygen Ligases/*genetics ; Conjugation, Genetic ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics ; Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Genes, Bacterial ; Humans ; Methicillin Resistance/genetics ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; *R Factors ; Recombination, Genetic ; Renal Dialysis ; Staphylococcus aureus/*drug effects/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Vancomycin/pharmacology ; Vancomycin Resistance/*genetics
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  • 141
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Early detection of neurodegenerative disorders would provide clues to the underlying pathobiology of these diseases and would enable more effective diagnosis and treatment of patients. Recent advances in molecular neuroscience have begun to provide the tools to detect diseases like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and others early in their course and potentially even before the development of clinical manifestations of disease. These genetic, imaging, clinical, and biochemical tools are being validated in a number of studies. Early detection of these slowly progressive diseases offers the promise of presymptomatic diagnosis and, ultimately, of disease-modifying medications for use early in disease and during the presymptomatic period.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeKosky, Steven T -- Marek, Kenneth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):830-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. DeKoskyST@upmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593169" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Biomarkers/*analysis ; Brain/metabolism/pathology ; Cognition Disorders/diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/diagnosis/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Memory ; Mutation ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/*diagnosis/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Time Factors
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  • 142
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guerrero, Isabel -- Ruiz i Altaba, Ariel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):774-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centro de Biologia Molecular "Severo Ochoa," CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain. iguerrero@cbm.uam.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907783" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases/metabolism ; Central Nervous System/cytology/*embryology ; Chick Embryo ; Drosophila/growth & development/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Signal Transduction ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Wings, Animal/growth & development
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  • 143
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xue, Tianhan -- Roy, Rustum -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):740-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/prevention & control ; *Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; *Phytotherapy ; Skin Diseases/drug therapy
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  • 144
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 21;299(5610):1163.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12595661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cues ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Olfactory Bulb/cytology/*physiology ; Olfactory Pathways ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/physiology ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Receptors, Odorant/physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Smell ; Species Specificity ; Vomeronasal Organ/cytology/*physiology
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  • 145
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: Preclinical or clinical trials for muscular dystrophies have met with modest success, mainly because of inefficient delivery of viral vectors or donor cells to dystrophic muscles. We report here that intra-arterial delivery of wild-type mesoangioblasts, a class of vessel-associated stem cells, corrects morphologically and functionally the dystrophic phenotype of virtually all downstream muscles in adult immunocompetent alpha-sarcoglycan (alpha-SG) null mice, a model organism for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. When mesoangioblasts isolated from juvenile dystrophic mice and transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing alpha-SG were injected into the femoral artery of dystrophic mice, they reconstituted skeletal muscle in a manner similar to that seen in wild-type cells. The success of this protocol was mainly due to widespread distribution of donor stem cells through the capillary network, a distinct advantage of this strategy over previous approaches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sampaolesi, Maurilio -- Torrente, Yvan -- Innocenzi, Anna -- Tonlorenzi, Rossana -- D'Antona, Giuseppe -- Pellegrino, M Antonietta -- Barresi, Rita -- Bresolin, Nereo -- De Angelis, M Gabriella Cusella -- Campbell, Kevin P -- Bottinelli, Roberto -- Cossu, Giulio -- 1322/Telethon/Italy -- 463/BI/Telethon/Italy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):487-92. Epub 2003 Jul 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cell Research Institute, H. S. Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Vessels/cytology/embryology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Dystrophin/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiology ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Genetic Vectors ; Lentivirus/genetics ; Locomotion ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Mesoderm/cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/cytology/metabolism/pathology/*physiology ; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/metabolism/pathology/*therapy ; Regeneration ; Sarcoglycans ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells/*physiology ; Transfection
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  • 146
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that of prion disorders (PrD) could not be more different. One-third of octogenarians succumb to AD, whereas Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease typically affects one individual in a million each year. However, these diseases have many common features impinging on the metabolism of neuronal membrane proteins: the amyloid precursor protein APP in the case of AD, and the cellular prion protein PrPC in PrD. APP begets the Abeta peptide, whereas PrPC begets the malignant prion protein PrPSc. Both Abeta and PrPSc are associated with disease, but we do not know what triggers their accumulation and neurotoxicity. A great deal has been learned, however, about protein folding, misfolding, and aggregation; an entirely new class of intramembrane proteases has been identified; and unsuspected roles for the immune system have been uncovered. There is reason to expect that prion research will profit from advances in the understanding of AD, and vice versa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aguzzi, Adriano -- Haass, Christian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):814-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. adriano@pathol.unizh.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*metabolism/pathology ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/chemistry/*metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases ; Brain/metabolism/pathology ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/metabolism/pathology ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; PrPC Proteins/chemistry/classification/genetics/*metabolism ; PrPSc Proteins/chemistry/classification/metabolism ; Presenilin-1 ; Presenilin-2 ; Prion Diseases/*metabolism/pathology ; Protein Folding ; Terminology as Topic
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  • 147
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chemtob, Claude M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 29;301(5637):1182-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12952000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; Humans ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Department of Veterans Affairs ; *Veterans
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  • 148
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 7;302(5647):963.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14605334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioterrorism/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Crime ; Humans ; *Research Personnel ; *Security Measures ; Texas ; United States ; *Yersinia pestis
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  • 149
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: Results from a longitudinal study of 2402 low-income families during the recent unprecedented era of welfare reform suggest that mothers' transitions off welfare and into employment are not associated with negative outcomes for preschoolers (ages 2 to 4 years) or young adolescents (ages 10 to 14 years). Indeed, no significant associations with mothers' welfare and employment transitions were found for preschoolers, and the dominant pattern was also of few statistically significant associations for adolescents. The associations that did occur provided slight evidence that mothers' entry into the labor force was related to improvements in adolescents' mental health, whereas exits from employment were linked with teenagers' increased behavior problems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chase-Lansdale, P Lindsay -- Moffitt, Robert A -- Lohman, Brenda J -- Cherlin, Andrew J -- Coley, Rebekah Levine -- Pittman, Laura D -- Roff, Jennifer -- Votruba-Drzal, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1548-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. lcl@northwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; *Adolescent Behavior ; Child ; *Child Behavior ; Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; *Employment ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Infant ; Interviews as Topic ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Longitudinal Studies ; *Mental Health ; Mother-Child Relations ; *Mothers ; Parenting ; *Public Assistance ; Social Welfare ; United States/epidemiology
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  • 150
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1824.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Containment of Biohazards/*standards ; Humans ; Laboratories/*standards ; Laboratory Infection/*transmission ; Male ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*transmission ; Singapore
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  • 151
    Publication Date: 2003-11-25
    Description: Calcium ion (Ca2+) influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is important for the regulation of vascular tone. Activation of L-type Ca2+ channels initiates muscle contraction; however, the role of T-type Ca2+ channels (T-channels) is not clear. We show that mice deficient in the alpha1H T-type Ca2+ channel (alpha(1)3.2-null) have constitutively constricted coronary arterioles and focal myocardial fibrosis. Coronary arteries isolated from alpha(1)3.2-null arteries showed normal contractile responses, but reduced relaxation in response to acetylcholine and nitroprusside. Furthermore, acute blockade of T-channels with Ni2+ prevented relaxation of wild-type coronary arteries. Thus, Ca2+ influx through alpha1H T-type Ca2+ channels is essential for normal relaxation of coronary arteries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Chien-Chang -- Lamping, Kathryn G -- Nuno, Daniel W -- Barresi, Rita -- Prouty, Sally J -- Lavoie, Julie L -- Cribbs, Leanne L -- England, Sarah K -- Sigmund, Curt D -- Weiss, Robert M -- Williamson, Roger A -- Hill, Joseph A -- Campbell, Kevin P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 21;302(5649):1416-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14631046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Arteries/drug effects/*physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels, T-Type/genetics/*physiology ; Coronary Vessels/drug effects/pathology/*physiology ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/physiology ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Gene Targeting ; Heart/physiology ; Heart Rate ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology ; Myocardium/pathology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nickel/pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide/physiology ; Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology ; Nitroprusside/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Vasoconstriction/drug effects ; *Vasodilation/drug effects
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  • 152
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 12;301(5639):1454.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12970527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Drug Labeling ; Humans ; Methamphetamine/administration & dosage/toxicity ; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Parkinson Disease/etiology ; Primates ; *Retraction of Publication as Topic ; Risk Factors
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  • 153
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: Completion of cell division during cytokinesis requires temporally and spatially regulated communication from the microtubule cytoskeleton to the actin cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. We identified a specific inhibitor of nonmuscle myosin II, blebbistatin, that inhibited contraction of the cleavage furrow without disrupting mitosis or contractile ring assembly. Using blebbistatin and other drugs, we showed that exit from the cytokinetic phase of the cell cycle depends on ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Continuous signals from microtubules are required to maintain the position of the cleavage furrow, and these signals control the localization of myosin II independently of other furrow components.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Straight, Aaron F -- Cheung, Amy -- Limouze, John -- Chen, Irene -- Westwood, Nick J -- Sellers, James R -- Mitchison, Timothy J -- GM23928/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM62566/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1743-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. aaron_straight@hms.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase ; Aurora Kinases ; *Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Contractile Proteins/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; DNA Replication ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings/chemistry/isolation & ; purification/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Kinesin/metabolism ; Leupeptins/pharmacology ; Microtubules/physiology ; Mitosis/drug effects ; Myosin Type II/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism/*physiology ; Nocodazole/pharmacology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Staurosporine/pharmacology ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
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  • 154
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: The National Cancer Institute Initiative in Chemical Genetics is designed to encourage the development of small molecular probes. The probes are useful for activating or inactivating protein functions, thereby providing resources that help discern the functions of gene products in normal and disease cells, as well as in tissues. This initiative includes "ChemBank," a suite of informatics tools and databases aimed at promoting the development and use of chemical genetics by scientists worldwide. The information generated with such tools should provide a critical link from genomic discovery to drug development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strausberg, Robert L -- Schreiber, Stuart L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):294-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Genomics Office, National Cancer Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. RLS@nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques ; Computational Biology ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Design ; *Genomics ; Humans ; Molecular Probe Techniques ; *Molecular Probes ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Proteins/*physiology ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 155
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strauss, Evelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):881-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Caloric Restriction ; Culture Media ; DNA, Fungal/metabolism ; Genes, Fungal ; Glucose/metabolism ; Histone Deacetylases/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Longevity ; NAD/metabolism ; Niacinamide/*metabolism ; Nicotinamidase/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces ; cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Sirtuin 2 ; Sirtuins/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 156
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 23;300(5623):1228-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12764171" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Haplorhini ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/classification/pathogenicity ; Netherlands/epidemiology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology/virology ; SARS Virus/classification/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/virology ; Virology/history ; Virus Diseases/history/veterinary/*virology ; *Viruses
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  • 157
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 20;300(5627):1866-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12817119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy ; Bicyclo Compounds/therapeutic use ; Brain/drug effects/metabolism ; Brain Diseases/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Depressive Disorder/drug therapy ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Excitatory Amino Acid Agents/*therapeutic use ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Glutamic Acid/*physiology ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Neurons/physiology ; Pain/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Receptors, Glutamate/*drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/antagonists & inhibitors/drug ; effects/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors/drug effects/physiology ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Substance-Related Disorders/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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  • 158
    Publication Date: 2003-09-06
    Description: Wnt proteins, regulators of development in many organisms, bind to seven transmembrane-spanning (7TMS) receptors called frizzleds, thereby recruiting the cytoplasmic molecule dishevelled (Dvl) to the plasma membrane.Frizzled-mediated endocytosis of Wg (a Drosophila Wnt protein) and lysosomal degradation may regulate the formation of morphogen gradients. Endocytosis of Frizzled 4 (Fz4) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells was dependent on added Wnt5A protein and was accomplished by the multifunctional adaptor protein beta-arrestin 2 (betaarr2), which was recruited to Fz4 by binding to phosphorylated Dvl2. These findings provide a previously unrecognized mechanism for receptor recruitment of beta-arrestin and demonstrate that Dvl plays an important role in the endocytosis of frizzled, as well as in promoting signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Wei -- ten Berge, Derk -- Brown, Jeff -- Ahn, Seungkirl -- Hu, Liaoyuan A -- Miller, William E -- Caron, Marc G -- Barak, Larry S -- Nusse, Roel -- Lefkowitz, Robert J -- HL 16037/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 61365/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS 19576/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 5;301(5638):1391-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12958364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Arrestins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Clathrin/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; *Endocytosis ; Frizzled Receptors ; Humans ; Mice ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism/pharmacology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Wnt Proteins
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  • 159
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-01-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schatten, G -- Prather, R -- Wilmut, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):344.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bioethical Issues ; Biomedical Research ; *Cloning, Organism/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence/methods/standards ; *Disclosure ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Mass Media ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Publishing ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; United States
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  • 160
    Publication Date: 2003-10-25
    Description: The carboxyl-terminal domain (BRCT) of the Breast Cancer Gene 1 (BRCA1) protein is an evolutionarily conserved module that exists in a large number of proteins from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Although most BRCT domain-containing proteins participate in DNA-damage checkpoint or DNA-repair pathways, or both, the function of the BRCT domain is not fully understood. We show that the BRCA1 BRCT domain directly interacts with phosphorylated BRCA1-Associated Carboxyl-terminal Helicase (BACH1). This specific interaction between BRCA1 and phosphorylated BACH1 is cell cycle regulated and is required for DNA damage-induced checkpoint control during the transition from G2 to M phase of the cell cycle. Further, we show that two other BRCT domains interact with their respective physiological partners in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Thirteen additional BRCT domains also preferentially bind phospho-peptides rather than nonphosphorylated control peptides. These data imply that the BRCT domain is a phospho-protein binding domain involved in cell cycle control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Xiaochun -- Chini, Claudia Christiano Silva -- He, Miao -- Mer, Georges -- Chen, Junjie -- CA89239/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA92312/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 24;302(5645):639-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; BRCA1 Protein/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; *Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; E2F Transcription Factors ; G2 Phase ; Humans ; Mitosis ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins ; Peptide Library ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/chemistry/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Helicases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 161
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 5;301(5638):1303-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12958334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild/*virology ; Carnivora ; China ; Commerce ; *Disease Reservoirs ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; SARS Virus/*isolation & purification ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*transmission/virology ; World Health Organization
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  • 162
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: DNA sequence and annotation of the entire human chromosome 7, encompassing nearly 158 million nucleotides of DNA and 1917 gene structures, are presented. To generate a higher order description, additional structural features such as imprinted genes, fragile sites, and segmental duplications were integrated at the level of the DNA sequence with medical genetic data, including 440 chromosome rearrangement breakpoints associated with disease. This approach enabled the discovery of candidate genes for developmental diseases including autism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882961/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882961/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scherer, Stephen W -- Cheung, Joseph -- MacDonald, Jeffrey R -- Osborne, Lucy R -- Nakabayashi, Kazuhiko -- Herbrick, Jo-Anne -- Carson, Andrew R -- Parker-Katiraee, Layla -- Skaug, Jennifer -- Khaja, Razi -- Zhang, Junjun -- Hudek, Alexander K -- Li, Martin -- Haddad, May -- Duggan, Gavin E -- Fernandez, Bridget A -- Kanematsu, Emiko -- Gentles, Simone -- Christopoulos, Constantine C -- Choufani, Sanaa -- Kwasnicka, Dorota -- Zheng, Xiangqun H -- Lai, Zhongwu -- Nusskern, Deborah -- Zhang, Qing -- Gu, Zhiping -- Lu, Fu -- Zeesman, Susan -- Nowaczyk, Malgorzata J -- Teshima, Ikuko -- Chitayat, David -- Shuman, Cheryl -- Weksberg, Rosanna -- Zackai, Elaine H -- Grebe, Theresa A -- Cox, Sarah R -- Kirkpatrick, Susan J -- Rahman, Nazneen -- Friedman, Jan M -- Heng, Henry H Q -- Pelicci, Pier Giuseppe -- Lo-Coco, Francesco -- Belloni, Elena -- Shaffer, Lisa G -- Pober, Barbara -- Morton, Cynthia C -- Gusella, James F -- Bruns, Gail A P -- Korf, Bruce R -- Quade, Bradley J -- Ligon, Azra H -- Ferguson, Heather -- Higgins, Anne W -- Leach, Natalia T -- Herrick, Steven R -- Lemyre, Emmanuelle -- Farra, Chantal G -- Kim, Hyung-Goo -- Summers, Anne M -- Gripp, Karen W -- Roberts, Wendy -- Szatmari, Peter -- Winsor, Elizabeth J T -- Grzeschik, Karl-Heinz -- Teebi, Ahmed -- Minassian, Berge A -- Kere, Juha -- Armengol, Lluis -- Pujana, Miguel Angel -- Estivill, Xavier -- Wilson, Michael D -- Koop, Ben F -- Tosi, Sabrina -- Moore, Gudrun E -- Boright, Andrew P -- Zlotorynski, Eitan -- Kerem, Batsheva -- Kroisel, Peter M -- Petek, Erwin -- Oscier, David G -- Mould, Sarah J -- Dohner, Hartmut -- Dohner, Konstanze -- Rommens, Johanna M -- Vincent, John B -- Venter, J Craig -- Li, Peter W -- Mural, Richard J -- Adams, Mark D -- Tsui, Lap-Chee -- 38103/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- P01 GM061354/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):767-72. Epub 2003 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8. steve@genet.sickkids.on.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Fragile Sites ; Chromosome Fragility ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/*genetics ; Computational Biology ; Congenital Abnormalities/genetics ; CpG Islands ; DNA, Complementary ; Databases, Genetic ; Euchromatin/genetics ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Overlapping ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Limb Deformities, Congenital/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Pseudogenes ; RNA/genetics ; Retroelements ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Williams Syndrome/genetics
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  • 163
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Sensations from viscera, like fullness, easily become painful if the stimulus persists. Mice lacking alpha1G T-type Ca2+ channels show hyperalgesia to visceral pain. Thalamic infusion of a T-type blocker induced similar hyperalgesia in wild-type mice. In response to visceral pain, the ventroposterolateral thalamic neurons evokeda surge of single spikes, which then slowly decayed as T type-dependent burst spikes gradually increased. In alpha1G-deficient neurons, the single-spike response persisted without burst spikes. These results indicate that T-type Ca2+ channels underlie an antinociceptive mechanism operating in the thalamus andsupport the idea that burst firing plays a critical role in sensory gating in the thalamus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Daesoo -- Park, Donghyun -- Choi, Soonwook -- Lee, Sukchan -- Sun, Minjeong -- Kim, Chanki -- Shin, Hee-Sup -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):117-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Creative Research Initiative Center for Calcium and Learning, Korea Institutes of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abdominal Pain/physiopathology ; Acetic Acid/pharmacology ; Action Potentials ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels, T-Type/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Magnesium Sulfate/pharmacology ; Male ; Mibefradil/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Neurons/physiology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Pain Measurement ; Ventral Thalamic Nuclei/*physiology ; Viscera
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  • 164
    Publication Date: 2003-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):192-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12522230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Child ; Cognition ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Intelligence Tests ; Mental Processes ; *Quality of Life ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
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  • 165
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holmes, Kathryn V -- Enjuanes, Luis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1377-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA. kathryn.holmes@UCHSC.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Antiviral Agents ; Base Sequence ; Coronavirus/classification/genetics ; Drug Design ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; SARS Virus/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/drug therapy/prevention & control/virology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Viral Vaccines
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  • 166
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: The multidomain proapoptotic molecules BAK or BAX are required to initiate the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. How cells maintain the potentially lethal proapoptotic effector BAK in a monomeric inactive conformation at mitochondria is unknown. In viable cells, we found BAK complexed with mitochondrial outer-membrane protein VDAC2, a VDAC isoform present in low abundance that interacts specifically with the inactive conformer of BAK. Cells deficient in VDAC2, but not cells lacking the more abundant VDAC1, exhibited enhanced BAK oligomerization and were more susceptible to apoptotic death. Conversely, overexpression of VDAC2 selectively prevented BAK activation and inhibited the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Death signals activate "BH3-only" molecules such as tBID, BIM, or BAD, which displace VDAC2 from BAK, enabling homo-oligomerization of BAK and apoptosis. Thus, VDAC2, an isoform restricted to mammals, regulates the activity of BAK and provides a connection between mitochondrial physiology and the core apoptotic pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheng, Emily H Y -- Sheiko, Tatiana V -- Fisher, Jill K -- Craigen, William J -- Korsmeyer, Stanley J -- NS42319/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37CA50239/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):513-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein ; Biopolymers ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Etoposide/pharmacology ; Humans ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Jurkat Cells ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism ; Porins/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Staurosporine/pharmacology ; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 ; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 2 ; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels ; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein
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  • 167
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):714-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Chlamydia Infections/complications ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/drug therapy/epidemiology/transmission/virology ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; Ribavirin/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; SARS Virus/drug effects/pathogenicity ; *Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/drug ; therapy/epidemiology/transmission/virology ; Steroids
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  • 168
    Publication Date: 2003-10-18
    Description: The "sexually deceptive" orchid Chiloglottis trapeziformis attracts males of its pollinator species, the thynnine wasp Neozeleboria cryptoides, by emitting a unique volatile compound, 2-ethyl-5-propylcyclohexan-1,3-dione, which is also produced by female wasps as a male-attracting sex pheromone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiestl, Florian P -- Peakall, Rod -- Mant, Jim G -- Ibarra, Fernando -- Schulz, Claudia -- Franke, Stephan -- Francke, Wittko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):437-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Botany and Zoology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14564006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclohexanones/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Female ; Flowers/metabolism ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Male ; Molecular Structure ; Odors ; Orchidaceae/*metabolism ; *Pollen ; Sex Attractants/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Wasps/*physiology
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  • 169
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 24;299(5606):486-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12543939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bioterrorism/prevention & control ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Compensation and Redress ; Health Education ; *Health Policy ; Humans ; *Immunization Programs ; Institute of Medicine (U.S.) ; Liability, Legal ; *Smallpox Vaccine/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; United States
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  • 170
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: An unknown number of precursor messenger RNAs undergo genetic recoding by modification of adenosine to inosine, a reaction catalyzed by the adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Discovery of these edited transcripts has always been serendipitous. Using comparative genomics, we identified a phylogenetic signature of RNA editing. We report the identification and experimental verification of 16 previously unknown ADAR target genes in the fruit fly Drosophila and one in humans-more than the sum total previously reported. All of these genes are involved in rapid electrical and chemical neurotransmission, and many of the edited sites recode conserved and functionally important amino acids. These results point to a pivotal role for RNA editing in nervous system function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoopengardner, Barry -- Bhalla, Tarun -- Staber, Cynthia -- Reenan, Robert -- R01 GM062291/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):832-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/metabolism ; Adenosine Deaminase/*metabolism ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Drosophila/*genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; *Genes, Insect ; Genomics ; Humans ; Inosine/metabolism ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Channels/*genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nervous System/metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Potassium Channels/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA Editing ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Synapses ; *Synaptic Transmission
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 171
    Publication Date: 2003-06-28
    Description: A new collaborative model of research is needed to increase resources, to prioritize the R (ii) to increase the pace, reduce the overlap, and more systematically explore the elements of and delivery systems for vaccines; (iii) to use common standards for the prompt comparative testing of vaccine candidates; (iv) to expand resources for manufacturing vaccine candidates to speed their use in human trials; and (v) to increase the capacity for international clinical trials and to focus this effort toward quickly measuring the effectiveness of vaccine protection as prototype vaccine candidates are identified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klausner, Richard D -- Fauci, Anthony S -- Corey, Lawrence -- Nabel, Gary J -- Gayle, Helene -- Berkley, Seth -- Haynes, Barton F -- Baltimore, David -- Collins, Chris -- Douglas, R Gordon -- Esparza, Jose -- Francis, Donald P -- Ganguly, N K -- Gerberding, Julie Louise -- Johnston, Margaret I -- Kazatchkine, Michel D -- McMichael, Andrew J -- Makgoba, Malegapuru W -- Pantaleo, Giuseppe -- Piot, Peter -- Shao, Yiming -- Tramont, Edmund -- Varmus, Harold -- Wasserheit, Judith N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2036-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829768" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage/economics/immunology ; Academies and Institutes/economics/organization & administration ; Biotechnology/economics ; Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; Drug Design ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/standards ; Drug Industry/economics ; Financial Support ; *Global Health ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Humans ; Intellectual Property ; International Cooperation ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Private Sector ; *Public Policy ; Public Sector ; Research Support as Topic ; Vaccination
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  • 172
    Publication Date: 2003-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Jianguo -- Ouyang, Zhiyun -- Pimm, Stuart L -- Raven, Peter H -- Wang, Xiaoke -- Miao, Hong -- Han, Nianyong -- R01 HD39789/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 23;300(5623):1240-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. jliu@panda.msu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12764180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; Financing, Government ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; *Plant Development ; Population Density ; Private Sector ; Public Policy ; Public Sector ; Recreation ; Travel ; Trees/growth & development
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  • 173
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, Tim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 28;299(5615):1994-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. timwhite@socrates.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12663903" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; Genetic Variation ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/*classification/genetics ; Humans ; *Paleontology ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; Terminology as Topic
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  • 174
    Publication Date: 2003-08-30
    Description: We report the humanization of the glycosylation pathway in the yeast Pichia pastoris to secrete a human glycoprotein with uniform complex N-glycosylation. The process involved eliminating endogenous yeast glycosylation pathways, while properly localizing five active eukaryotic proteins, including mannosidases I and II, N-acetylglucosaminyl transferases I and II, and uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylglucosamine transporter. Targeted localization of the enzymes enabled the generation of a synthetic in vivo glycosylation pathway, which produced the complex human N-glycan N-acetylglucosamine2-mannose3-N-acetylglucosamine2 (GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2). The ability to generate human glycoproteins with homogeneous N-glycan structures in a fungal host is a step toward producing therapeutic glycoproteins and could become a tool for elucidating the structure-function relation of glycoproteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hamilton, Stephen R -- Bobrowicz, Piotr -- Bobrowicz, Beata -- Davidson, Robert C -- Li, Huijuan -- Mitchell, Teresa -- Nett, Juergen H -- Rausch, Sebastian -- Stadheim, Terrance A -- Wischnewski, Harry -- Wildt, Stefan -- Gerngross, Tillman U -- 1R43GM66690-1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 29;301(5637):1244-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Thayer School of Engineering and the Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12947202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; *Genetic Engineering ; Glycoproteins/*biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics ; Glycosylation ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Humans ; Mannosidases/*genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/metabolism ; Peptide Library ; Pichia/enzymology/*genetics/metabolism ; Polysaccharides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein Transport ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/*biosynthesis ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 175
    Publication Date: 2003-02-01
    Description: Genetic evidence suggests that inhibition of amyloid fibril formation by small molecules should be effective against amyloid diseases. Known amyloid inhibitors appear to function by shifting the aggregation equilibrium away from the amyloid state. Here, we describe a series of transthyretin amyloidosis inhibitors that functioned by increasing the kinetic barrier associated with misfolding, preventing amyloidogenesis by stabilizing the native state. The trans-suppressor mutation, threonine 119 --〉 methionine 119, which is known to ameliorate familial amyloid disease, also functioned through kinetic stabilization, implying that this small-molecule strategy should be effective in treating amyloid diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hammarstrom, Per -- Wiseman, R Luke -- Powers, Evan T -- Kelly, Jeffery W -- DK 46335/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 31;299(5607):713-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12560553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloidosis/metabolism/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Prealbumin/*antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Denaturation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Subunits ; Suppression, Genetic ; Thermodynamics
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  • 176
    Publication Date: 2003-08-16
    Description: The severity of many inherited disorders is influenced by genetic background. We describe a modifier interaction in C57BL/6Jmice that converts a chronic movement disorder into a lethal neurological disease. The primary mutation (medJ) changes a splice donor site of the sodium channel gene Scn8a (Nav1.6). The modifier mutation is characteristic of strain C57BL/6Jand introduces a nonsense codon into sodium channel modifier 1 (SCNM1), a zinc finger protein and a putative splice factor. An internally deleted SCNM1 protein is also predicted as a result of exon skipping associated with disruption of a consensus exonic splicing enhancer. The effect of the modifier mutation is to reduce the abundance of correctly spliced sodium channel transcripts below the threshold for survival. Our finding that genetic variation in a putative RNA splicing factor influences disease susceptibility in mice raises the possibility that a similar mechanism modifies the severity of human inherited disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buchner, David A -- Trudeau, Michelle -- Meisler, Miriam H -- GM24872/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 DC00011/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM07544/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 HG00040/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 15;301(5635):967-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0618, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Codon, Nonsense ; Codon, Terminator ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement Disorders/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; NAV1.6 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Nervous System Diseases/*genetics/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sodium Channels/*genetics/metabolism ; Zinc Fingers
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  • 177
    Publication Date: 2003-08-16
    Description: As research with human embryos and embryonic stem cells proceeds, the authors of this Policy Forum argue that all donors of biological materials should give informed consent, including oocyte and sperm donors. Informed consent is particularly important because of the diverse opinions and strong emotions that surround such research. Some gamete donors who are willing to help women and couples bear children may object to the use of their genetic materials for certain types of research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lo, Bernard -- Chou, Vicki -- Cedars, Marcelle I -- Gates, Elena -- Taylor, Robert N -- Wagner, Richard M -- Wolf, Leslie -- Yamamoto, Keith R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 15;301(5635):921.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Medical Ethics, School of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. bernie@medicine.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Female ; Humans ; *Informed Consent ; Male ; Oocytes ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Spermatozoa ; *Stem Cells ; *Tissue Donors
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  • 178
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dobson, Andy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 12;301(5639):1488-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. dobber@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12970552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Parasites/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Probability ; Time Factors
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  • 179
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: Erythrocytic mechanisms involved in malarial infection are poorly understood. We have found that signaling via the erythrocyte beta2-adrenergic receptor and heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Galphas) regulated the entry of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Agonists that stimulate cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate production led to an increase in malarial infection that could be blocked by specific receptor antagonists. Moreover, peptides designed to inhibit Galphas protein function reduced parasitemia in P. falciparum cultures in vitro, and beta-antagonists reduced parasitemia of P. berghei infections in an in vivo mouse model. Thus, signaling via the erythrocyte beta2-adrenergic receptor and Galphas may regulate malarial infection across parasite species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harrison, Travis -- Samuel, Benjamin U -- Akompong, Thomas -- Hamm, Heidi -- Mohandas, Narla -- Lomasney, Jon W -- Haldar, Kasturi -- AI39071/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK32094/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- EY06062/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY10291/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HL03961/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL55591/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL69630/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1734-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists ; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists ; Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology ; Alprenolol/pharmacology ; Animals ; Catecholamines/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Erythrocyte Membrane/metabolism ; Erythrocytes/metabolism/*parasitology ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Malaria/metabolism/*parasitology ; Membrane Microdomains/metabolism ; Mice ; Parasitemia ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Plasmodium berghei/*physiology ; Plasmodium falciparum/growth & development/*physiology ; Propranolol/pharmacology ; Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists ; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P1/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stereoisomerism ; Vacuoles/parasitology
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  • 180
    Publication Date: 2003-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loewenberg, Samuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 7;302(5647):969.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14605340" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Industry/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; European Union ; Hazardous Substances/*toxicity ; Humans ; Lobbying ; *Toxicity Tests/economics ; Toxicology/*legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 181
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1625.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Criminology ; DNA/analysis ; Dermatoglyphics ; Forensic Medicine/*standards ; Forensic Sciences/*standards ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Lie Detection ; United States
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  • 182
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-11-25
    Description: An appreciation of the dynamism of the links between soil resources and society provides a platform for examining food security over the next 50 years. Interventions to reverse declining trends in food security must recognize the variable resilience and sensitivity of major tropical soil types. In most agro-ecosystems, declining crop yield is exponentially related to loss of soil quality. For the majority smallholder (subsistence) farmers, investments to reverse degradation are primarily driven by private benefit, socially or financially. "Tragedy of the commons" scenarios can be averted by pragmatic local solutions that help farmers to help themselves.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stocking, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 21;302(5649):1356-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. m.stocking@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14631030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/methods/trends ; *Crops, Agricultural ; Ecosystem ; *Food Supply ; Forecasting ; Humans ; *Soil ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 183
    Publication Date: 2003-12-06
    Description: Cell migration is a highly integrated multistep process that orchestrates embryonic morphogenesis; contributes to tissue repair and regeneration; and drives disease progression in cancer, mental retardation, atherosclerosis, and arthritis. The migrating cell is highly polarized with complex regulatory pathways that spatially and temporally integrate its component processes. This review describes the mechanisms underlying the major steps of migration and the signaling pathways that regulate them, and outlines recent advances investigating the nature of polarity in migrating cells and the pathways that establish it.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ridley, Anne J -- Schwartz, Martin A -- Burridge, Keith -- Firtel, Richard A -- Ginsberg, Mark H -- Borisy, Gary -- Parsons, J Thomas -- Horwitz, Alan Rick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 5;302(5651):1704-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, London W1W 7BS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14657486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; *Cell Movement ; Cell Polarity ; Humans ; Integrins/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Proteins/metabolism ; Pseudopodia/physiology ; *Signal Transduction
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  • 184
    Publication Date: 2003-08-16
    Description: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has dramatically increased the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in subSaharan Africa, where up to 60% of TB patients are coinfected with HIV and each year 200,000 TB deaths are attributable to HIV coinfection. Now HIV threatens control of TB in Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America. Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs can prevent TB by preserving immunity, but cohort analysis shows that early therapy, plus high levels of coverage and compliance, will be needed to avert a significant fraction of TB cases. However, ARV drugs could enhance the treatment of TB, and TB programs provide an important entry point for the treatment of HIV/AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Brian G -- Dye, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 12;301(5639):1535-7. Epub 2003 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. williamsbg@who.int〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications/drug ; therapy/immunology/mortality ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cohort Studies ; Developing Countries ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; HIV Infections/*complications/drug therapy/immunology/mortality ; Hiv-1 ; Hiv-2 ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Survival Rate ; Tuberculosis/complications/drug therapy/epidemiology/*prevention & control
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  • 185
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rieseberg, Loren H -- Livingstone, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):267-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. lriesebe@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genetics, Population ; Geography ; Heterozygote ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; Species Specificity
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  • 186
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-10-18
    Description: The successful use of retroviral gene transfer to treat 10 patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1) has been welcomed as evidence of the therapeutic potential of gene therapy. However, as Williams and Baum suggest in their Perspective, the discovery that 2 of the 10 patients developed leukemia within 3 years of gene therapy (Hacein-Bey-Abina et al.) reinforces the need to develop even more specific gene therapy interventions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, David A -- Baum, Christopher -- HL53586/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):400-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. david.williams@cchmc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14563994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; *Genetic Therapy/adverse effects ; Genetic Vectors ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; LIM Domain Proteins ; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/*etiology ; Metalloproteins/genetics ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/genetics ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Risk Factors ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/*therapy ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Transgenes
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  • 187
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, R Sanders -- Willard, Huntington F -- Snyderman, Ralph -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):549.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Delivery of Health Care ; *Health Care Reform ; *Health Planning ; Health Services ; Humans ; Insurance, Health, Reimbursement ; *Personal Health Services ; United States
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  • 188
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lorenz, Sonja -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1069.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomedical Research ; Cooperative Behavior ; Endocrine System/*drug effects ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity ; European Union ; Humans ; Invertebrates/drug effects
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  • 189
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1886-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; African Americans ; Aged ; Aging ; Breast Feeding ; Calcium/blood ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Nutrition Policy ; Nutritional Requirements ; Rickets/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; Sunlight ; United States/epidemiology ; Vitamin D/*administration & dosage/biosynthesis/blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications/*epidemiology/prevention & control
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  • 190
    Publication Date: 2003-10-25
    Description: In many cooperatively breeding vertebrates, a dominant breeding pair is assisted in offspring care by nonbreeding helpers. A leading explanation for this altruistic behavior is Hamilton's idea that helpers gain indirect fitness benefits by rearing relatives (kin selection). Many studies have shown that helpers typically provide care for relatives, but relatively few have shown that helpers provide closer kin with preferential care (kin discrimination), fueling the suggestion that kin selection only poorly accounts for the evolution of cooperative breeding in vertebrates. We used meta-analysis to show that (i) individuals consistently discriminate between kin, and (ii) stronger discrimination occurs in species where the benefits of helping are greater. These results suggest a general role for kin selection and that the relative importance of kin selection varies across species, as predicted by Hamilton's rule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Griffin, Ashleigh S -- West, Stuart A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 24;302(5645):634-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. a.griffin@ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altruism ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Birds/*physiology ; Breeding ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Family ; Female ; *Helping Behavior ; Male ; Mammals/*physiology ; Probability ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Social Behavior ; Species Specificity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 191
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 24;299(5606):495.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12543948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Advisory Committees ; Cell Division ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/physiology ; France ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/therapy ; Genetic Therapy/*adverse effects ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit ; LIM Domain Proteins ; Leukemia/*etiology/genetics ; Male ; Metalloproteins/genetics/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptors, Interleukin-7/genetics ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Risk Factors ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/*therapy ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/physiology ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 192
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):327-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12531989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Ethics, Research ; Human Experimentation/*ethics ; Humans ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Pesticides/*toxicity ; Toxicity Tests/*ethics ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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  • 193
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: Although Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination is essential for both degradation and nuclear export of p53, the molecular basis for the differential effects of Mdm2 remains unknown. Here we show that low levels of Mdm2 activity induce monoubiquitination and nuclear export of p53, whereas high levels promote p53's polyubiquitination and nuclear degradation. A p53-ubiquitin fusion protein that mimics monoubiquitinated p53 was found to accumulate in the cytoplasm in an Mdm2-independent manner, indicating that monoubiquitination is critical for p53 trafficking. These results clarify the nature of ubiquitination-mediated p53 regulation and suggest that distinct mechanisms regulate p53 function in accordance with the levels of Mdm2 activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Muyang -- Brooks, Christopher L -- Wu-Baer, Foon -- Chen, Delin -- Baer, Richard -- Gu, Wei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1972-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cancer Genetics and Department of Pathology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Protein Transport ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 194
    Publication Date: 2003-06-28
    Description: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an immunoregulatory cytokine that activates a cell-surface signaling assembly composed of IL-6, the IL-6 alpha-receptor (IL-6Ralpha), and the shared signaling receptor gp130. The 3.65 angstrom-resolution structure of the extracellular signaling complex reveals a hexameric, interlocking assembly mediated by a total of 10 symmetry-related, thermodynamically coupled interfaces. Assembly of the hexameric complex occurs sequentially: IL-6 is first engaged by IL-6Ralpha and then presented to gp130in the proper geometry to facilitate a cooperative transition into the high-affinity, signaling-competent hexamer. The quaternary structures of other IL-6/IL-12 family signaling complexes are likely constructed by means of a similar topological blueprint.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boulanger, Martin J -- Chow, Dar-chone -- Brevnova, Elena E -- Garcia, K Christopher -- AI51321/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2101-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Fairchild D319, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5124, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytokine Receptor gp130 ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Interleukin-6/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thermodynamics
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  • 195
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: Glucokinase (GK) plays a key role in whole-body glucose homeostasis by catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose in cells that express this enzyme, such as pancreatic beta cells and hepatocytes. We describe a class of antidiabetic agents that act as nonessential, mixed-type GK activators (GKAs) that increase the glucose affinity and maximum velocity (Vmax) of GK. GKAs augment both hepatic glucose metabolism and glucose-induced insulin secretion from isolated rodent pancreatic islets, consistent with the expression and function of GK in both cell types. In several rodent models of type 2 diabetes mellitus, GKAs lowered blood glucose levels, improved the results of glucose tolerance tests, and increased hepatic glucose uptake. These findings may lead to the development of new drug therapies for diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimsby, Joseph -- Sarabu, Ramakanth -- Corbett, Wendy L -- Haynes, Nancy-Ellen -- Bizzarro, Fred T -- Coffey, John W -- Guertin, Kevin R -- Hilliard, Darryl W -- Kester, Robert F -- Mahaney, Paige E -- Marcus, Linda -- Qi, Lida -- Spence, Cheryl L -- Tengi, John -- Magnuson, Mark A -- Chu, Chang An -- Dvorozniak, Mark T -- Matschinsky, Franz M -- Grippo, Joseph F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):370-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Metabolic Diseases, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; *Carrier Proteins ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Activators/chemistry/pharmacology ; Glucokinase/*metabolism ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry/pharmacology ; Insulin/blood/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*drug effects/secretion ; Keto Acids/metabolism ; Liver/*drug effects/metabolism ; Liver Glycogen/biosynthesis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; Thiazoles/chemistry/*pharmacology
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  • 196
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-10-11
    Description: DNA microarray analysis has provided a wealth of data on global patterns of gene expression but has yet to deliver on its early promise of identifying networks of interacting gene products. In his Perspective, Quackenbush discusses new work (Stuart et al.) that uses evolutionary conservation of gene expression patterns in yeast, worm, fruit fly, and human in an attempt to identify functionally related groups of genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Quackenbush, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 10;302(5643):240-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. johnq@tigr.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14551426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; Cell Division/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, Helminth ; Genes, Insect ; Humans ; *Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; RNA Splicing ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Species Specificity
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  • 197
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: Many eukaryotic signaling proteins are composed of simple modular binding domains, yet they can display sophisticated behaviors such as allosteric gating and multi-input signal integration, properties essential for complex cellular circuits. To understand how such behavior can emerge from combinations of simple domains, we engineered variants of the actin regulatory protein N-WASP (neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) in which the "output" domain of N-WASP was recombined with heterologous autoinhibitory "input" domains. Synthetic switch proteins were created with diverse gating behaviors in response to nonphysiological inputs. Thus, this type of modular framework can facilitate the evolution or engineering of cellular signaling circuits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dueber, John E -- Yeh, Brian J -- Chak, Kayam -- Lim, Wendell A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1904-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Biological Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-2240, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques ; Evolution, Molecular ; Ligands ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Peptide Library ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Signal Transduction ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal ; Xenopus ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism ; src Homology Domains
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  • 198
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 23;300(5623):1201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12764158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *Lie Detection ; *Science ; *Security Measures ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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  • 199
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):865.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Culture Techniques ; *Cell Line ; Cloning, Organism ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; Mice ; Politics ; Public Policy ; *Stem Cells ; United States
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  • 200
    Publication Date: 2003-02-01
    Description: mahoganoid is a mouse coat-color mutation whose pigmentary phenotype and genetic interactions resemble those of Attractin (Atrn). Atrn mutations also cause spongiform neurodegeneration. Here, we show that a null mutation for mahoganoid causes a similar age-dependent neuropathology that includes many features of prion diseases but without accumulation of protease-resistant prion protein. The gene mutated in mahoganoid encodes a RING-containing protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. Similarities in phenotype, expression, and genetic interactions suggest that mahoganoid and Atrn genes are part of a conserved pathway for regulated protein turnover whose function is essential for neuronal viability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉He, Lin -- Lu, Xin-Yun -- Jolly, Aaron F -- Eldridge, Adam G -- Watson, Stanley J -- Jackson, Peter K -- Barsh, Gregory S -- Gunn, Teresa M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 31;299(5607):710-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12560552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Brain/metabolism/*pathology ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Ligases/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/*genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Neurons/metabolism/pathology ; Pigmentation ; Prions/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transgenes ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Vacuoles/ultrastructure
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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