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  • 1
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    Functional Analysis With a Barcoder Yeast Gene Overexpression System (2012)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-10
    Description: Systematic analysis of gene overexpression phenotypes provides an insight into gene function, enzyme targets, and biological pathways. Here, we describe a novel functional genomics platform that enables a highly parallel and systematic assessment of overexpression phenotypes in pooled cultures. First, we constructed a genome-level collection of ~5100 yeast barcoder strains, each of which carries a unique barcode, enabling pooled fitness assays with a barcode microarray or sequencing readout. Second, we constructed a yeast open reading frame (ORF) galactose-induced overexpression array by generating a genome-wide set of yeast transformants, each of which carries an individual plasmid-born and sequence-verified ORF derived from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae full-length EXpression-ready (FLEX) collection. We combined these collections genetically using synthetic genetic array methodology, generating ~5100 strains, each of which is barcoded and overexpresses a specific ORF, a set we termed "barFLEX." Additional synthetic genetic array allows the barFLEX collection to be moved into different genetic backgrounds. As a proof-of-principle, we describe the properties of the barFLEX overexpression collection and its application in synthetic dosage lethality studies under different environmental conditions.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 2
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    Decline of the North American avifauna (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Species extinctions have defined the global biodiversity crisis, but extinction begins with loss in abundance of individuals that can result in compositional and functional changes of ecosystems. Using multiple and independent monitoring networks, we report population losses across much of the North American avifauna over 48 years, including once common species and from most biomes. Integration of range-wide population trajectories and size estimates indicates a net loss approaching 3 billion birds, or 29% of 1970 abundance. A continent-wide weather radar network also reveals a similarly steep decline in biomass passage of migrating birds over a recent 10-year period. This loss of bird abundance signals an urgent need to address threats to avert future avifaunal collapse and associated loss of ecosystem integrity, function and services.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Decline of the North American avifauna (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Species extinctions have defined the global biodiversity crisis, but extinction begins with loss in abundance of individuals that can result in compositional and functional changes of ecosystems. Using multiple and independent monitoring networks, we report population losses across much of the North American avifauna over 48 years, including once-common species and from most biomes. Integration of range-wide population trajectories and size estimates indicates a net loss approaching 3 billion birds, or 29% of 1970 abundance. A continent-wide weather radar network also reveals a similarly steep decline in biomass passage of migrating birds over a recent 10-year period. This loss of bird abundance signals an urgent need to address threats to avert future avifaunal collapse and associated loss of ecosystem integrity, function, and services.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Adaptive domestication in squashes and gourds [Anthropology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-09
    Description: The genus Cucurbita (squashes, pumpkins, gourds) contains numerous domesticated lineages with ancient New World origins. It was broadly distributed in the past but has declined to the point that several of the crops’ progenitor species are scarce or unknown in the wild. We hypothesize that Holocene ecological shifts and megafaunal...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Opposite-sex siblings decrease attraction, but not prosocial attributions, to self-resembling opposite-sex faces [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-13
    Description: Contextual cues of genetic relatedness to familiar individuals, such as cosocialization and maternal–perinatal association, modulate prosocial and inbreeding-avoidance behaviors toward specific potential siblings. These findings have been interpreted as evidence that contextual cues of kinship indirectly influence social behavior by affecting the perceived probability of genetic relatedness to familiar individuals. Here, we test a more general alternative model in which contextual cues of kinship can influence the kin-recognition system more directly, changing how the mechanisms that regulate social behavior respond to cues of kinship, even in unfamiliar individuals for whom contextual cues of kinship are absent. We show that having opposite-sex siblings influences inbreeding-relevant perceptions of facial resemblance but not prosocial perceptions. Women with brothers were less attracted to self-resembling, unfamiliar male faces than were women without brothers, and both groups found self-resemblance to be equally trustworthy for the same faces. Further analyses suggest that this effect is driven by younger, rather than older, brothers, consistent with the proposal that only younger siblings exhibit the strong kinship cue of maternal–perinatal association. Our findings provide evidence that experience with opposite-sex siblings can directly influence inbreeding-avoidance mechanisms and demonstrate a striking functional dissociation between the mechanisms that regulate inbreeding and the mechanisms that regulate prosocial behavior toward kin.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    The Herschel exploitation of local galaxy Andromeda (HELGA) - V. Strengthening the case for substantial interstellar grain growth (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-25
    Description: In this paper, we consider the implications of the distributions of dust and metals in the disc of M31. We derive mean radial dust distributions using a dust map created from Herschel images of M31 sampling the entire far-infrared peak. Modified blackbodies are fit to approximately 4000 pixels with a varying, as well as a fixed, dust emissivity index (β). An overall metal distribution is also derived using data collected from the literature. We use a simple analytical model of the evolution of the dust in a galaxy with dust contributed by stellar sources and interstellar grain growth, and fit this model to the radial dust-to-metals distribution across the galaxy. Our analysis shows that the dust-to-gas gradient in M31 is steeper than the metallicity gradient, suggesting interstellar dust growth is (or has been) important in M31. We argue that M31 helps build a case for cosmic dust in galaxies being the result of substantial interstellar grain growth, while the net dust production from stars may be limited. We note, however, that the efficiency of dust production in stars, e.g. in supernovae ejecta and/or stellar atmospheres, and grain destruction in the interstellar medium may be degenerate in our simple model. We can conclude that interstellar grain growth by accretion is likely at least as important as stellar dust production channels in building the cosmic dust component in M31.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Single neurons in the monkey hippocampus and learning of new associations (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-06-07
    Description: The medial temporal lobe is crucial for the ability to learn and retain new declarative memories. This form of memory includes the ability to quickly establish novel associations between unrelated items. To better understand the patterns of neural activity during associative memory formation, we recorded the activity of hippocampal neurons of macaque monkeys as they learned new associations. Hippocampal neurons signaled learning by changing their stimulus-selective response properties. This change in the pattern of selective neural activity occurred before, at the same time as, or after learning, which suggests that these neurons are involved in the initial formation of new associative memories.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wirth, Sylvia -- Yanike, Marianna -- Frank, Loren M -- Smith, Anne C -- Brown, Emery N -- Suzuki, Wendy A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 6;300(5625):1578-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12791995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Association Learning/*physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Ischaemic accumulation of succinate controls reperfusion injury through mitochondrial ROS (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-11
    Description: Ischaemia-reperfusion injury occurs when the blood supply to an organ is disrupted and then restored, and underlies many disorders, notably heart attack and stroke. While reperfusion of ischaemic tissue is essential for survival, it also initiates oxidative damage, cell death and aberrant immune responses through the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although mitochondrial ROS production in ischaemia reperfusion is established, it has generally been considered a nonspecific response to reperfusion. Here we develop a comparative in vivo metabolomic analysis, and unexpectedly identify widely conserved metabolic pathways responsible for mitochondrial ROS production during ischaemia reperfusion. We show that selective accumulation of the citric acid cycle intermediate succinate is a universal metabolic signature of ischaemia in a range of tissues and is responsible for mitochondrial ROS production during reperfusion. Ischaemic succinate accumulation arises from reversal of succinate dehydrogenase, which in turn is driven by fumarate overflow from purine nucleotide breakdown and partial reversal of the malate/aspartate shuttle. After reperfusion, the accumulated succinate is rapidly re-oxidized by succinate dehydrogenase, driving extensive ROS generation by reverse electron transport at mitochondrial complex I. Decreasing ischaemic succinate accumulation by pharmacological inhibition is sufficient to ameliorate in vivo ischaemia-reperfusion injury in murine models of heart attack and stroke. Thus, we have identified a conserved metabolic response of tissues to ischaemia and reperfusion that unifies many hitherto unconnected aspects of ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, these findings reveal a new pathway for metabolic control of ROS production in vivo, while demonstrating that inhibition of ischaemic succinate accumulation and its oxidation after subsequent reperfusion is a potential therapeutic target to decrease ischaemia-reperfusion injury in a range of pathologies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4255242/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4255242/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chouchani, Edward T -- Pell, Victoria R -- Gaude, Edoardo -- Aksentijevic, Dunja -- Sundier, Stephanie Y -- Robb, Ellen L -- Logan, Angela -- Nadtochiy, Sergiy M -- Ord, Emily N J -- Smith, Anthony C -- Eyassu, Filmon -- Shirley, Rachel -- Hu, Chou-Hui -- Dare, Anna J -- James, Andrew M -- Rogatti, Sebastian -- Hartley, Richard C -- Eaton, Simon -- Costa, Ana S H -- Brookes, Paul S -- Davidson, Sean M -- Duchen, Michael R -- Saeb-Parsy, Kourosh -- Shattock, Michael J -- Robinson, Alan J -- Work, Lorraine M -- Frezza, Christian -- Krieg, Thomas -- Murphy, Michael P -- G1100562/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105663142/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105674181/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_1101/3/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UU_12022/6/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- PG/07/126/24223/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- PG/12/42/29655/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- R01 HL071158/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RG/12/4/29426/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2014 Nov 20;515(7527):431-5. doi: 10.1038/nature13909. Epub 2014 Nov 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK [2] Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. ; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. ; MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK. ; King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK. ; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK. ; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642, USA. ; Institute of Cardiovascular &Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK. ; School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. ; Unit of Paediatric Surgery, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK. ; Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK. ; University Department of Surgery and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25383517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Citric Acid Cycle ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electron Transport ; Electron Transport Complex I/metabolism ; Fumarates/metabolism ; Ischemia/enzymology/*metabolism ; Malates/metabolism ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Mice ; Mitochondria/enzymology/*metabolism ; Myocardial Infarction/enzymology/metabolism ; Myocardium/cytology/enzymology/metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology/metabolism ; NAD/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury/enzymology/*metabolism ; Stroke/enzymology/metabolism ; Succinate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Succinic Acid/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Graphene oxide electrochemistry: the electrochemistry of graphene oxide modified electrodes reveals coverage dependent beneficial electrocatalysis (2017)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-16
    Description: The modification of electrode surfaces is widely implemented in order to try and improve electron transfer kinetics and surface interactions, most recently using graphene related materials. Currently, the use of ‘as is’ graphene oxide (GO) has been largely overlooked, with the vast majority of researchers choosing to reduce GO to graphene or use it as part of a composite electrode. In this paper, ‘as is’ GO is explored and electrochemically characterized using a range of electrochemical redox probes, namely potassium ferrocyanide(II), N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD), dopamine hydrochloride and epinephrine. Furthermore, the electroanalytical efficacy of GO is explored towards the sensing of dopamine hydrochloride and epinephrine via cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical response of GO is benchmarked against pristine graphene and edge plane-/basal plane pyrolytic graphite (EPPG and BPPG respectively) alternatives, where the GO shows an enhanced electrochemical/electroanalytical response. When using GO as an electrode material, the electrochemical response of the analytes studied herein deviate from that expected and exhibit altered electrochemical responses. The oxygenated species encompassing GO strongly influence and dominate the observed voltammetry, which is crucially coverage dependent. GO electrocatalysis is observed, which is attributed to the presence of beneficial oxygenated species dictating the response in specific cases, demonstrating potential for advantageous electroanalysis to be realized. Note however, that crucial coverage based regions are observed at GO modified electrodes, owing to the synergy of edge plane sites and oxygenated species. We report the true beneficial electrochemistry of GO, which has enormous potential to be beneficially used in various electrochemical applications ‘as is’ rather than be simply used as a precursor to making graphene and is truly a fascinating member of the graphene family.
    Keywords: physical chemistry
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct Synthesis of Organotin Halides. I. Preparation of Dimethyltin Dichloride1 (1953)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 75 (1953), S. 4103-4105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01112a529
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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