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  • Articles  (96)
  • Male  (96)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (96)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1985-1989  (96)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969
  • 1985  (96)
Collection
  • Articles  (96)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (96)
  • American Chemical Society
Years
  • 1985-1989  (96)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969
Year
Journal
Topic
  • 1
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    Rapid mutations in mice? (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 20;230(4732):1406-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4071059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Male ; Mice/*genetics ; Mice, Inbred Strains/genetics ; Mice, Mutant Strains/genetics ; *Mutation ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    A new HTLV-III/LAV encoded antigen detected by antibodies from AIDS patients (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-15
    Description: A newly identified protein from HTLV-III/LAV, the virus implicated as the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, was studied. This protein, which has a molecular weight of 27,000 (p27), was shown by amino acid sequencing to have a coding origin 3' to the env gene on the HTLV-III genome. The presence of antibodies to p27 in virus-exposed individuals indicated that this gene is functional in the natural host.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allan, J S -- Coligan, J E -- Lee, T H -- McLane, M F -- Kanki, P J -- Groopman, J E -- Essex, M -- 2T32-CA09031/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA23885/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA37466/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):810-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2997921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/microbiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/*immunology ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens, Viral/*immunology ; Deltaretrovirus/genetics/*immunology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Haplorhini/microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Ethanol withdrawal in mice precipitated and exacerbated by hyperbaric exposure (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-23
    Description: Mice were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 9 days. On removal of the diet, exposure to 12 atmospheres absolute of a mixture of helium and oxygen precipitated earlier withdrawal, increased withdrawal scores for the first 6 hours, and increased the peak withdrawal intensity compared to dependent animals exposed to control conditions. The enhanced withdrawal did not appear to reflect alterations in ethanol elimination, oxygen or helium partial pressures, body temperature, or general excitability. These results extend to chronically treated animals the evidence that hyperbaric exposure antagonizes the membrane actions of ethanol.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alkana, R L -- Finn, D A -- Galleisky, G G -- Syapin, P J -- Malcolm, R D -- R01AA03972/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):772-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4040651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atmospheric Pressure ; Cell Membrane/drug effects/physiology ; Ethanol/*adverse effects/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Neurovisceral and skeletal GM1-gangliosidosis in dogs with beta-galactosidase deficiency (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-02
    Description: Beta-galactosidase-deficient siblings in two litters of English springer spaniel puppies showed a progressive neurological impairment, dwarfism, orbital hypertelorism, and dysostosis multiplex. An excess of GM1-ganglioside was found in the brain. Three abnormal oligosaccharides were present in samples of urine, brain, liver, and cartilage. Light microscopy of selected tissue specimens revealed cytoplasmic vacuoles in neurons, circulating blood cells, macrophages, and chondrocytes. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that these membrane-bound vacuoles were of two types--one containing lamellated membranes and the other, finely granular material. These clinical and pathological findings are similar to those observed in human patients affected by the infantile form of GM1-gangliosidosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alroy, J -- Orgad, U -- Ucci, A A -- Schelling, S H -- Schunk, K L -- Warren, C D -- Raghavan, S S -- Kolodny, E H -- HD 05515/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD04147/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS 21765/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 2;229(4712):470-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3925555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/enzymology/genetics/*veterinary ; Dog Diseases/*enzymology/genetics/pathology ; Dogs ; Female ; G(M1) Ganglioside ; Gangliosidoses/enzymology/genetics/pathology/*veterinary ; Humans ; Lactose Intolerance/genetics/metabolism/*veterinary ; Male ; Neurons/pathology ; Oligosaccharides/metabolism ; Pedigree ; Vacuoles/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Induced expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in the rat intermediate pituitary lobe (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: Synthesis and release of pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides are under differential regulation in the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary. Glucocorticoids inhibit synthesis of pro-opiomelanocortin-related peptides in the anterior lobe but not in the intermediate lobe. These two lobes are also characterized by differences in neural innervation and blood flow, both of which may represent routes of access for regulatory factors (the intermediate lobe is avascular). Immunoreactive glucocorticoid receptor, which can be demonstrated in many tissues, is absent from the intermediate lobe. Immunocytochemistry was used to demonstrate the presence of immunoreactive glucocorticoid receptor in the intermediate lobe after pituitary stalk transection, neurointermediate lobe grafts to kidney capsule, or monolayer culture of neurointermediate pituitary cells. This appearance of the glucocorticoid receptor is presumably a consequence of removal of intermediate pituitary cells from neural influences that may be responsible for inhibiting their expression under normal conditions in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Antakly, T -- Sasaki, A -- Liotta, A S -- Palkovits, M -- Krieger, D T -- NSO2893/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):277-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3892690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Male ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/physiology ; Pituitary Gland/analysis/*metabolism/surgery ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/analysis/metabolism ; Rabbits/immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Receptors, Steroid/*biosynthesis ; Serotonin/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    Specific expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in transgenic mice (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-12-06
    Description: Two transgenic mice were obtained that contain in their chromosomes the complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome except for the core gene. These mice secrete particles of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum. In one mouse, HBV DNA sequences that had integrated at two different sites were shown to segregate independently in the first filial generation (F1) and only one of the sequences allowed expression of the surface antigen. Among these animals the males produced five to ten times more HBsAg than the females. A 2.1-kilobase messenger RNA species comigrating with the major surface gene messenger RNA is expressed specifically in the liver in the two original mice. The results suggest that the HBV sequences introduced into the mice are able to confer a tissue-specific expression to the S gene. In addition, the HBV transgenic mice represent a new model for the chronic carrier state of hepatitis B virus infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Babinet, C -- Farza, H -- Morello, D -- Hadchouel, M -- Pourcel, C -- CA37300-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 6;230(4730):1160-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3865370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier State ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; *Genetic Engineering ; Hepatitis B/genetics ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
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  • 7
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    Neuroendocrine response to estrogen and sexual orientation (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baum, M J -- Carroll, R S -- Erskine, M S -- Tobet, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 22;230(4728):960-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2997925" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/*pharmacology ; Female ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone/*secretion ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Reduced numbers of somatostatin receptors in the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: Somatostatin receptor concentrations were measured in patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls. In the frontal cortex (Brodmann areas 6, 9, and 10) and temporal cortex (Brodmann area 21), the concentrations of somatostatin in receptors in the patients were reduced to approximately 50 percent of control values. A 40 percent reduction was seen in the hippocampus, while no significant changes were found in the cingulate cortex, postcentral gyrus, temporal pole, and superior temporal gyrus. Scatchard analysis showed a reduction in receptor number rather than a change in affinity. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in both the frontal and temporal cortex. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was linearly related to somatostatin-receptor binding in the cortices of Alzheimer's patients. These findings may reflect degeneration of postsynaptic neurons or cortical afferents in the patients' cerebral cortices. Alternatively, decreased somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in Alzheimer's disease might indicate increased release of somatostatin and down regulation of postsynaptic receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beal, M F -- Mazurek, M F -- Tran, V T -- Chattha, G -- Bird, E D -- Martin, J B -- 1P50AG05134/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- IR23NS19867-1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- MN/NS31862/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):289-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2861661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/*metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/*analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/metabolism/physiology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*analysis ; Receptors, Somatostatin ; Somatostatin/metabolism/physiology ; Temporal Lobe/analysis
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  • 9
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    Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-20
    Description: The two fundamental aspects of sexual reproduction, recombination and outcrossing, appear to be maintained respectively by the advantages of recombinational repair and genetic complementation. Genetic variation is produced as a by-product of recombinational repair, but it may not be the function of sexual reproduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernstein, H -- Byerly, H C -- Hopf, F A -- Michod, R E -- 1 K04 HD00583/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- GM 27219/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1277-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3898363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosomes ; Crosses, Genetic ; *DNA Repair ; Female ; Genes, Lethal ; Humans ; Male ; *Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Reproduction ; *Sex Determination Analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Trigeminal-taste interaction in palatability processing (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-10
    Description: Peripheral transection of the sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve in rats unbalanced palatability, selectively reducing the ingestive actions elicited by preferred tastes but leaving unchanged the aversive actions elicited by unpreferred tastes. The reduction in the number of positive ingestive actions occurred even though the capacity to emit these actions remained unimpaired. These findings show that there is an interaction between somatosensation and gustation in the processing of palatability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berridge, K C -- Fentress, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 10;228(4700):747-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3992242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Food Preferences ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Taste/*physiology ; Tongue/physiology ; Trigeminal Nerve/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Protection from genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection by vaccination with cloned type 1 glycoprotein D (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: Guinea pigs were vaccinated with truncated herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D produced in the genetically engineered mammalian cell line gD10.2. Vaccinated animals formed antibodies that neutralized both HSV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in an in vitro neutralization assay. Vaccinated animals were challenged with HSV-2 by intravaginal infection. Animals that received the immunogen in Freund's complete adjuvant were completely protected from the clinical manifestations of genital HSV-2 infection. Animals that received the immunogen incorporated in alum adjuvants were partly protected from clinical disease; the infections that did develop were significantly less severe than those that occurred in control animals injected with adjuvant alone. The results demonstrate that immunization with a purified viral protein can provide significant protection against primary genital infection by HSV-2 in guinea pigs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berman, P W -- Gregory, T -- Crase, D -- Lasky, L A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1490-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2983428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adjuvants, Immunologic ; *Aluminum Compounds ; Aluminum Hydroxide ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Guinea Pigs ; Herpes Genitalis/*prevention & control ; Male ; Neutralization Tests ; Phosphates ; Simplexvirus/*immunology ; Vaccination ; *Viral Envelope Proteins ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Selective extraction of small and large molecules from the cerebrospinal fluid by Purkinje neurons (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-19
    Description: Cerebellar Purkinje neurons accumulated propidium iodide, granular blue, and horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin but not unconjugated horseradish peroxidase, bisbenzimide, or Evans blue when these compounds were infused into the lateral cerebral ventricles of awake, unrestrained rats. Accumulation of propidium iodide by Purkinje neurons of the vermis was associated with a reproducible behavioral abnormality characterized by truncal tremor, ataxia, and nystagmus. Both the accumulation of propidium iodide in Purkinje cells and the behavioral abnormality were prevented by prior intracerebroventricular administration of ouabain or colchicine, drugs that block neuronal transport processes. The ability of cerebellar Purkinje neurons to extract small and large molecules from the cerebrospinal fluid has important implications for their physiology and pathology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borges, L F -- Elliott, P J -- Gill, R -- Iversen, S D -- Iversen, L L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 19;228(4697):346-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2580350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bisbenzimidazole/metabolism ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/*physiology ; Dendrites/physiology ; Evans Blue/metabolism ; Horseradish Peroxidase/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Propidium/metabolism/pharmacology ; Purkinje Cells/*metabolism/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Tremor/chemically induced/physiopathology
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  • 13
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    Hormonal control of the anatomical specificity of motoneuron-to-muscle innervation in rats (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-15
    Description: Motoneurons of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus innervate bulbocavernosus muscles in male rats. Adult female rats normally lack both the spinal nucleus and its target muscles. Prenatal treatment of females with testosterone propionate resulted in adults having, like males, both the spinal nucleus and its target muscles. However, prenatal treatment with dihydrotestosterone propionate preserves the muscles but not the motoneurons. This paradoxical condition might result from (i) bulbocavernosus muscles without innervation; (ii) muscles innervated by morphologically unrecognizable motoneurons; (iii) muscles innervated by a very few spinal nucleus cells, each innervating many bulbocavernosus fibers; or (iv) muscles innervated by motoneurons outside their normal anatomical locus in the spinal nucleus. The results of retrograde marker injections into the bulbocavernosus muscles of females treated with androgen refute the first three possibilities and confirm the last: the different androgen treatments result in anatomically distinct spinal motor nuclei innervating bulbocavernosus muscles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breedlove, S M -- NS19790/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR07006/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 15;227(4692):1357-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dihydrotestosterone/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Motor Neurons/anatomy & histology/drug effects/*physiology ; Muscles/drug effects/*innervation ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sex Differentiation/drug effects ; Testosterone/*pharmacology
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  • 14
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    Increased plasma interleukin-1 activity in women after ovulation (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-08
    Description: The polypeptide interleukin-1 mediates many host responses to infection and inflammation. A method was developed for studying interleukin-1 levels in human plasma from febrile patients. Interleukin-1 activity was also consistently found in plasma samples from women in the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. This activity was neutralized by a specific antiserum to human interleukin-1 and was low in plasma from healthy men and preovulatory women. Thus interleukin-1 appears to have a role in normal physiological conditions as well as in disease states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cannon, J G -- Dinarello, C A -- AI 15614/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI 06951/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1247-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3871966" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Temperature ; Female ; Fever/physiopathology ; Follicular Phase ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/*analysis/physiology ; *Luteal Phase ; Male ; Mice ; Ovulation
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  • 15
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    The epidemiology of AIDS: current status and future prospects (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: The reported incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to increase in countries throughout the world. On the basis of a polynomial model for extrapolation, the cumulative number of cases diagnosed and reported since 1981 in the United States is expected to double during the next year with over 12,000 additional cases projected to be diagnosed by July 1986. The annual incidence rates for single (never-married) men in Manhattan and San Francisco, intravenous drug users in New York City and New Jersey, and persons with hemophilia A ranged from 261 to 350 per 100,000 population during 1984. For single men aged 25 to 44 years in Manhattan and San Francisco, AIDS was the leading cause of premature mortality in 1984 as measured by years of potential life lost. Infection with HTLV-III/LAV is considerably more common than reported AIDS in high-risk populations and can persist at least for several years, so the presence of specific antibody should be considered presumptive evidence of current infection. The screening of donated blood and plasma for antibody to HTLV-III/LAV and use of safer clotting factor concentrates should greatly reduce HTLV-III/LAV transmission through blood and blood products. Most HTLV-III/LAV infections occur through sexual transmission, use of contaminated needles, and as a result of infected mothers passing the virus to newborns. Continued research commitment is needed to develop an HTLV-III/LAV vaccine and therapy for this infection. In the interim, widespread community efforts are needed to minimize transmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curran, J W -- Morgan, W M -- Hardy, A M -- Jaffe, H W -- Darrow, W W -- Dowdle, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1352-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency ; Syndrome/complications/*epidemiology/microbiology/mortality/prevention & ; control/transmission ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Blood Donors ; California ; Child ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Female ; Hemophilia A/complications ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; New York City ; Pregnancy ; Retroviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Risk ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications ; Substance-Related Disorders/complications ; United States
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  • 16
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    Transovarial transmission of murine typhus rickettsiae in Xenopsylla cheopis fleas (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: It has been generally accepted that infected fleas do not pass on Rickettsia mooseri, or indeed any other known pathogen, to their progeny. It is reported here that such transovarial transmission does occur in laboratory-infected Xenopsylla cheopis fleas. By means of the direct fluorescent antibody test, Rickettsia mooseri was observed in cells of the hemolymph of infected fleas. As many as 11 percent of the adults and 2.9 percent of the larvae of the generation reared therefrom, had demonstrable rickettsiae. Moreover, batches of the F1 fleas were capable of transmitting the infection to more than 18 percent of the rats they infested. The data support the contention that Xenopsylla cheopis fleas play an important role in the maintenance of murine typhus in rats in nature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farhang-Azad, A -- Traub, R -- Baqar, S -- AI-04242/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-17828/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):543-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Hemolymph/microbiology ; Insect Vectors/*physiology ; Male ; Ovary/microbiology ; Rats ; Rickettsia/*physiology ; Siphonaptera/*microbiology ; Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne/microbiology/*transmission
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  • 17
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    Vitamin E reversal of the effect of extracellular calcium on chemically induced toxicity in hepatocytes (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated in the presence or absence of extracellular calcium and alpha-tocopherol succinate with three different toxic chemicals; namely, adriamycin in combination with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, ethyl methanesulfonate, and the calcium ionophore A23187. In the absence of extracellular calcium these three compounds were far more toxic to the cells than in its presence. The addition of vitamin E to calcium-free medium, however, protected hepatocytes against toxic injury, whereas cells incubated in medium containing calcium were not protected. Hepatocyte viability during each toxic insult correlated well with the cellular alpha-tocopherol content but not with the presence or absence of extracellular calcium. These results suggest that cellular alpha-tocopherol maintains the viability of the cell during a toxic insult and that the presence or absence of vitamin E in the incubation medium probably explains the conflicting reports on the role of extracellular calcium in toxic cell death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fariss, M W -- Pascoe, G A -- Reed, D J -- ES01978/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES07060/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):751-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3918345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcimycin/toxicity ; Calcium/*physiology ; Carmustine/toxicity ; Cell Survival/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Doxorubicin/toxicity ; Ethyl Methanesulfonate/toxicity ; Liver/cytology/*drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Vitamin E/*physiology
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  • 18
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    Interaction of calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide at receptor sites in target tissues (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-15
    Description: Discrete receptor sites for calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were found in the nervous system and in peripheral tissues. Each peptide was capable of cross-reacting with the specific receptor of the other. In contrast to CT receptors, CGRP receptors were not linked to adenylate cyclase. However, CGRP could stimulate adenylate cyclase in CT target tissues apparently by interacting with CT receptors. The relative abilities of CGRP and mammalian CT to inhibit CT binding suggest that CGRP could serve as an endogenous ligand for CT receptors in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goltzman, D -- Mitchell, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 15;227(4692):1343-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2983422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Adrenal Glands/metabolism ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Calcitonin/*metabolism ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; Kidney/metabolism ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Calcitonin ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord/metabolism
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  • 19
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    Behavioral facilitation of reproduction in sexual and parthenogenetic Drosophila (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-01-04
    Description: In a normal bisexual laboratory strain of Drosophila mercatorum, females housed with either fertile or sterile males lay more eggs than do females housed in pairs or as isolates. Females of a derived parthenogenetic strain have suffered genetic loss of this behavioral facilitation of egg production, a loss comparable to the loss of sexual receptivity. Despite these losses there has been a large increase in fecundity in the parthenogenetic strain. These findings are compared with those in a parthenogenetic lizard.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crews, D -- Teramoto, L T -- Carson, H L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 4;227(4682):77-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3964961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Neurosecretory Systems/physiology ; *Parthenogenesis ; Reproduction ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology
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  • 20
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    Deficient vasoactive intestinal peptide innervation in the sweat glands of cystic fibrosis patients (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: The innervation of acini and ducts of eccrine sweat glands by immunoreactive, vasoactive intestinal peptide-containing nerve fibers was sharply reduced in seven patients with cystic fibrosis compared to eight normal subjects. The decrease in innervation by this neuropeptide, which has been shown to promote blood flow and the movement of water and chloride across epithelial surfaces in other systems, may be a basic mechanism for the decreased water content and relative impermeability of the epithelium to chloride and other ions that characterize cystic fibrosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heinz-Erian, P -- Dey, R D -- Flux, M -- Said, S I -- HL30450/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1407-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sweat Glands/*innervation/physiopathology ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/*physiology
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  • 21
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    "Right-to-life" scores new victory at AID (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 13;229(4718):1065-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Body Temperature ; Cervix Mucus ; Disclosure ; *Family Planning Services ; Federal Government ; Female ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Internationality ; Male ; Natural Family Planning Methods ; Ovulation ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; pressure, has decided to permit grants to natural family planning groups that do ; not adhere to long-standing AID policy that clients be provided with information ; on all methods of contraception. This step is at odds with domestic and United ; Nations policy, and it violates the medical ethic that a patient should be ; informed of all medically approved options. A brief review of the current state ; of U.S. family planning policy and the controversy surrounding it concludes with ; Holden's observation that the issue is likely to be further politicized.
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  • 22
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    Contraception research lagging (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 13;229(4718):1066.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Contraception/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Research
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  • 23
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    Multiple organ carcinogenicity of 1,3-butadiene in B6C3F1 mice after 60 weeks of inhalation exposure (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 60 to 61 weeks to air containing 0, 625, or 1250 parts per million 1,3-butadiene. These concentrations are somewhat below and slightly above the Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard of 1000 parts per million for butadiene. The study was designed for 104-week exposures but had to be ended early due to cancer-related mortality in both sexes at both exposure concentrations. There were early induction and significantly increased incidences of hemangiosarcomas of the heart, malignant lymphomas, alveolar-bronchiolar neoplasms, squamous cell neoplasms of the forestomach in males and females and acinar cell carcinomas of the mammary gland, granulosa cell neoplasms of the ovary, and hepatocellular neoplasms in females. Current workplace standards for exposure to butadiene should be reexamined in view of these findings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huff, J E -- Melnick, R L -- Solleveld, H A -- Haseman, J K -- Powers, M -- Miller, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):548-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants, Occupational/*toxicity ; Animals ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Brain Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Butadienes/*toxicity ; Female ; Heart Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Inflammation ; Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Lung Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Lymphoma/chemically induced ; Male ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Nose Diseases/chemically induced ; Ovarian Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Stomach Neoplasms/chemically induced
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  • 24
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    Genetic basis for species vulnerability in the cheetah (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-22
    Description: A population genetic survey of over 200 structural loci previously revealed that the South African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) has an extreme paucity of genetic variability, probably as a consequence of a severe population bottleneck in its recent past. The genetic monomorphism of the species is here extended to the major histocompatibility complex, since 14 reciprocal skin grafts between unrelated cheetahs were accepted. The apparent consequences of such genetic uniformity to the species include (i) great difficulty in captive breeding, (ii) a high degree of juvenile mortality in captivity and in the wild, and (iii) a high frequency of spermatozoal abnormalities in ejaculates. The species vulnerability of the cheetah was demonstrated by an epizootic of coronavirus-associated feline infectious peritonitis in an Oregon breeding colony in 1983. Exposure and spread of the coronavirus, which has a very low morbidity in domestic cats (approximately 1 percent), has decimated a heretofore productive and healthy captive population. The extreme genetic monomorphism, especially at the major histocompatibility complex, and the apparent hypersensitivity of the cheetah to a viral pathogen may be related, and provide a biological basis for understanding the adaptive significance of abundant genetic variation in outbred mammalian species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, S J -- Roelke, M E -- Marker, L -- Newman, A -- Winkler, C A -- Meltzer, D -- Colly, L -- Evermann, J F -- Bush, M -- Wildt, D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 22;227(4693):1428-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2983425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acinonyx/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Animals, Zoo ; Biological Evolution ; Carnivora/*genetics ; Coronaviridae Infections/genetics/immunology/*veterinary ; Disease Susceptibility/*veterinary ; Female ; Fertility ; *Genetic Variation ; Graft Rejection ; Inbreeding ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Male ; Pedigree
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    Dietary fat recommendations (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coronary Disease/etiology/prevention & control ; Dietary Fats/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged
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  • 26
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    Externalization of beta-adrenergic receptors promoted by myocardial ischemia (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-11
    Description: beta-Adrenergic receptors were identified in two fractions of guinea pig myocardium: a purified sarcolemmal fraction and a light vesicle (presumably intracellular) fraction. In the light vesicle fraction, which contained approximately 25 percent of the myocardial receptors under control conditions, the receptors appeared to be segregated from the stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding and catalytic components of adenylate cyclase. During myocardial ischemia, beta-adrenergic receptors were redistributed from the intracellular vesicles to the sarcolemmal fraction, where isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was increased. These findings should facilitate further studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate adrenergic receptor traffic in the myocardium and may explain the rapid enhancement in adrenergic receptor expression that occurs with myocardial ischemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maisel, A S -- Motulsky, H J -- Insel, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 11;230(4722):183-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2994229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5'-Nucleotidase ; Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Colforsin ; Coronary Disease/*physiopathology ; Diterpenes/pharmacology ; Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/physiopathology ; Intracellular Membranes/physiology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Male ; Nucleotidases/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*physiology ; Sarcolemma/physiology
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  • 27
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    Differential control of U1 small nuclear RNA expression during mouse development (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-20
    Description: During normal mouse development the relative amounts of two types of U1 small nuclear RNA's (U1 RNA) change significantly. Fetal tissues have comparable levels of the two major types of mouse U1 RNA's, mU1a and mU1b, whereas most differentiated adult tissues contain only mU1a RNA's. Those adult tissues that also accumulate detectable amounts of embryonic (mU1b) RNA's (for example, testis, spleen, and thymus) contain a significant proportion of stem cells capable of further differentiation. Several strains of mice express minor sequence variants of U1 RNA's that are subject to the same developmental controls as the major types of adult and embryonic U1 RNA. The differential accumulation of embryonic U1 RNA's may influence the pattern of gene expression during early development and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lund, E -- Kahan, B -- Dahlberg, J E -- CA 33453/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 30220/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1271-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2412294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/*growth & development/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Liver/*growth & development/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/*biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; RNA, Small Nuclear ; Testis/*growth & development/metabolism
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  • 28
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    Guilty plea puts Oraflex case to rest (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 13;229(4718):1071.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arthritis/drug therapy ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/chemically induced ; *Legislation, Drug ; Male ; Propionates/*adverse effects
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  • 29
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    Predisposition to hookworm infection in humans (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: Frequency distributions of parasitic helminths within human communities are invariably highly aggregated, the majority of worms occurring in relatively small fractions of the host populations. It has been suggested that the heavily infected individuals are predisposed to this state, not by chance, but by as yet undefined genetic, ecological, behavioral, or social factors. Analyses of individual post-treatment patterns of hookworm reinfection among 112 villagers in an endemic area of West Bengal provide quantitative evidence of predisposition to heavy infection. This observation has implications for the design of control programs based on chemotherapy because of the potential economic advantage of selective or targeted treatment as opposed to mass or blanket treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schad, G A -- Anderson, R M -- 5 RO 7 TW00141/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1537-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ancylostoma ; Anthelmintics ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Female ; Hookworm Infections/drug therapy/*epidemiology ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Necator ; Parasite Egg Count ; Sex Factors
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  • 30
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    A strong influence of serotonin axons on beta-adrenergic receptors in rat brain (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-18
    Description: The role of serotonin axons in modulating the norepinephrine neurotransmission system in rat brain was investigated. Selective lesions of the forebrain serotonergic system were made by injecting 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the midbrain raphe nuclei. Four to six weeks after the lesion, the uptake of 3H-labeled serotonin in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus was reduced by more than 90 percent, while neither the uptake of 3H-labeled norepinephrine nor the content of norepinephrine was affected in either tissue. The number of beta-adrenergic receptors, as measured by radioligand binding with 3H-labeled dihydroalprenolol, was increased in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats with lesions. Similarly, specific lesions of central serotonin axons produced by systemically administered p-chloramphetamine resulted in an increase in the binding of 3H-labeled dihydroalprenolol to beta-adrenergic receptors and in the production of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in response to isoproterenol. These results indicate that serotonin axons may regulate beta-adrenergic receptor number and function in brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stockmeier, C A -- Martino, A M -- Kellar, K J -- MH08982/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 18;230(4723):323-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism ; Clonidine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Dihydroalprenolol/metabolism ; Hippocampus/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Male ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Prazosin/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/*metabolism ; Serotonin/*physiology
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    Ownership of cells raises sticky issues (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sun, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):789.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4059910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Cell Line ; *Human Body ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Male ; Patents as Topic ; *Patient Rights ; *Tissue and Organ Procurement ; United States
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    A sexually dimorphic nucleus in the human brain (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: A sexually dimorphic cell group is described in the preoptic area of the human hypothalamus. Morphometric analysis revealed that the volume of this nucleus is 2.5 +/- 0.6 times (mean +/- standard error of the mean) as large in men as in women, and contains 2.2 +/- 0.5 times as many cells. Between the ages of 10 and 93 years, the nucleus decreases greatly in volume and in cell number. Although no function has yet been established for this nucleus, it is located within an area that is essential for gonadotropin release and sexual behavior in other mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swaab, D F -- Fliers, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1112-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3992248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Preoptic Area/*anatomy & histology/cytology ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Melatonin: a coordinating signal for mammalian reproduction? (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: There is a daily rhythm in the production of the pineal hormone melatonin in all mammalian species. Production is stimulated by darkness and inhibited by light. This provides a signal reflecting the changing environmental lighting cycle. In seasonally breeding mammals that use changes in the photoperiod to time their reproductive cycles, temporal signals to the reproductive system are controlled by the daily rhythm in melatonin production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tamarkin, L -- Baird, C J -- Almeida, O F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):714-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3881822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Circadian Rhythm ; Estrus ; Female ; Gonads/physiology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiology ; Light ; Male ; Mammals/physiology ; Melatonin/*physiology ; Pineal Gland/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; Sexual Maturation
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    Neurotrophic factors (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: In addition to nerve growth factor (NGF), many proteins present in soluble tissue extracts and in the extracellular matrix influence the survival and development of cultured neurons. The structure, synthesis, and mechanism of action of NGF as a neurotrophic factor are considered along with the experiments on the new putative trophic molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thoenen, H -- Edgar, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):238-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2409599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Cyclic AMP/physiology ; DNA/genetics ; Extracellular Matrix/physiology ; Humans ; Ion Channels/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Myocardium/cytology ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Protein Precursors/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; Sympathetic Nervous System/cytology
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    Endogenous anticonvulsant substance in rat cerebrospinal fluid after a generalized seizure (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: Cerebrospinal fluid taken from rats subjected to electroshock-induced seizures and injected into the cerebral ventricles of rats that had not been shocked increased the seizure threshold of the recipients. The anticonvulsant activity of the donor cerebrospinal fluid was antagonized by opioid antagonists and enhanced by peptidase inhibitors. These results suggest the existence of an endogenous anticonvulsant substance in rat cerebrospinal fluid, possibly opioid in nature, which is activated as a consequence of a seizure and which may play a critical role in postseizure inhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tortella, F C -- Long, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1106-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2986292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticonvulsants/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Electroshock ; Enkephalin, Leucine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Receptors, Opioid, delta ; Seizures/*cerebrospinal fluid
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    Protection against lethal hyperoxia by tracheal insufflation of erythrocytes: role of red cell glutathione (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: Intact erythrocytes placed into the tracheobronchial tree of hyperoxic rats dramatically improved their chances for survival. Over 70 percent of the animals so treated survived more than 12 days during continuous exposure to 95 percent oxygen, whereas all of the control animals died within 96 hours. Lungs from erythrocyte-protected rats showed almost none of the morphologic damage suffered by untreated animals. Erythrocytes containing cyanomethemoglobin were as beneficial as normal erythrocytes, but cells in which glutathione was partially blocked were significantly less protective. Analogous results were obtained in vitro: 51Cr-labeled target cells released 70 to 90 percent of their label when exposed briefly to hydrogen peroxide or to toxic oxygen species generated by phorbol ester-stimulated neutrophils. Addition of intact erythrocytes decreased release by approximately 75 percent, but significantly less than this if red blood cell glutathione was partially blocked. These results suggest that insufflated erythrocytes, through their recyclable glutathione, protect rats from toxic oxygen species engendered by hyperoxia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Asbeck, B S -- Hoidal, J -- Vercellotti, G M -- Schwartz, B A -- Moldow, C F -- Jacob, H S -- HL 19725/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL07062/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL28935/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):756-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2982213" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Glutathione/*administration & dosage/blood ; Lung/*drug effects ; Male ; Oxygen/*toxicity ; Rats ; Superoxides/toxicity ; Trachea
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    Microorganism mediated reproductive isolation in flour beetles (genus Tribolium) (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Reproductive isolation is induced by microorganisms in diverse geographic strains of the flour beetle Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae). The incompatibility between populations is due to nongenetic cytoplasmically inherited factors. Males of infected strains produce no progeny when crossed with females of noninfected strains; however, they produce "normal" numbers of progeny when crossed with infected females. Males from noninfected strains show no reproductive isolation. Infected strains of T. confusum can be cured when tetracycline or other antibiotics are added to the flour medium. "Cured" strains become partially reproductively isolated from all noncured strains including the source strain〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, M J -- Stevens, L -- 1 K04 HD00431/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):527-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Male ; Reproduction ; Tetracycline/pharmacology ; Tribolium/drug effects/microbiology/*physiology
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    Auditory responses in avian vocal motor neurons: a motor theory for song perception in birds (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: The hypoglossal motor neurons that innervate the vocal organ (syrinx) of the male zebra finch show a selective, long-latency (50-millisecond) response to sound. This response is eliminated by lesions to forebrain song-control nuclei. Different song syllables elicit a response from different syringeal motor neurons. Conspecific vocalizations may therefore be perceived as members of a set of vocal gestures and thus distinct from other environmental sounds. This hypothesis is an avian parallel to the motor theory of speech perception in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, H -- Nottebohm, F -- 5 R01 NS17991/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 507 RR07065/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):279-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Birds/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoglossal Nerve/physiology ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology
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  • 39
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    Hypoglycemia-induced neuronal damage prevented by an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-11-08
    Description: The possibility that neuronal damage due to hypoglycemia is induced by agonists acting on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor was investigated in the rat caudate nucleus. Local injections of an NMDA receptor antagonist, 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid, were performed before induction of 30 minutes of reversible, insulin-induced, hypoglycemic coma. Neuronal necrosis in these animals after 1 week of recovery was reduced 90 percent compared to that in saline-injected animals. The results suggest that hypoglycemic neuronal damage is induced by NMDA receptor agonists, such as the excitatory amino acids or related compounds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wieloch, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 8;230(4726):681-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2996146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/*analogs & derivatives ; Amino Acids/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/antagonists & inhibitors ; Caudate Nucleus/cytology ; Electroencephalography ; Hypoglycemia/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; N-Methylaspartate ; Necrosis ; Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/metabolism
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    The brain connection: the corpus callosum is larger in left-handers (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-08-16
    Description: The size of the midsagittal area of the human corpus callosum obtained from postmortem measurement varied with tested hand preference. The corpus callosum, the main fiber tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres, was larger by about 0.75 square centimeter, or 11 percent, in left-handed and ambidextrous people than in those with consistent right-hand preference. The difference was present in both the anterior and posterior halves, but not in the region of the splenium itself. This callosal morphology, which varied with hand preference, may also be related to individual differences in the pattern of hemispheric functional specialization. The greater bihemispheric representation of cognitive functions in left- and mixed-handers may be associated with greater anatomical connection between the hemispheres. The naturally occurring regressive events in neurogenesis, such as neuronal cell death and axonal elimination, may be factors in the individual differences in brain morphology and in functional lateralization. Specifically, right-handers may be those with more extensive early elimination of neural components.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witelson, S F -- N01-NS-6-2344/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01-NS 18954/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 16;229(4714):665-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Corpus Callosum/*anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organ Size ; Sex Factors
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    Experimental leprosy in three species of monkeys (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Eleven mangabey monkeys inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae developed lepromatous-type leprosy. Nine of the mangabeys were inoculated with M. leprae isolated from a mangabey with naturally acquired lepromatous leprosy. Immune function was depressed in some of these animals after dissemination of the disease. Two mangabeys developed lepromatous leprosy after inoculation with human M. leprae passaged in an armadillo. Three rhesus and three African green monkeys inoculated with mangabey-derived M. leprae also developed lepromatous leprosy. Mangabeys may be the first reported nonhuman primate model for the study of leprosy. Rhesus and African green monkeys may also prove to be reproducibly susceptible to the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolf, R H -- Gormus, B J -- Martin, L N -- Baskin, G B -- Walsh, G P -- Meyers, W M -- Binford, C H -- 5R-22-AI-19302/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR-00164/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):529-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3917577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis ; Cercopithecidae ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; *Haplorhini ; *Leprosy/immunology/pathology/transmission ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mycobacterium leprae/immunology ; Saimiri ; Species Specificity
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    Memory processing of serial lists by pigeons, monkeys, and people (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-19
    Description: List memory of pigeons, monkeys, and humans was tested with lists of four visual items (travel slides for animals and kaleidoscope patterns for humans). Retention interval increases for list-item memory revealed a consistent modification of the serial-position function shape: a monotonically increasing function at the shortest interval, a U-shaped function at intermediate intervals, and a monotonically decreasing function at the longest interval. The time course of these changes was fastest for pigeons, intermediate for monkeys, and slowest for humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, A A -- Santiago, H C -- Sands, S F -- Kendrick, D F -- Cook, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 19;229(4710):287-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sensory Sciences Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9304205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Columbidae ; Female ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Random Allocation ; *Retention (Psychology) ; Serial Learning
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    Plasma homovanillic acid concentration and the severity of schizophrenic illness (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-03-29
    Description: Concentrations of plasma homovanillic acid before treatment were highly correlated with global severity of illness in schizophrenic patients, both before and after treatment. In contrast, a fixed dose of haloperidol did not affect those concentrations. Thus, in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, plasma homovanillic acid may reflect the severity of illness, but not be influenced by short-term pharmacological perturbations by neuroleptics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, K L -- Davidson, M -- Mohs, R C -- Kendler, K S -- Davis, B M -- Johns, C A -- DeNigris, Y -- Horvath, T B -- MH37922/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 29;227(4694):1601-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Haloperidol/pharmacology ; Homovanillic Acid/*blood ; Humans ; Male ; Phenylacetates/*blood ; Schizophrenia/*blood
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    Immunocytochemical detection of acetylcholine in the rat central nervous system (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-07-05
    Description: A specific antibody to acetylcholine was raised and used as a marker for cholinergic neurons in the rat central nervous system. The acetylcholine conjugate was obtained by a two-step immunogen synthesis procedure. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the specificity and affinity of the antibody in vitro; the results indicated high affinity. A chemical perfusion mixture of allyl alcohol and glutaraldehyde was used to fix the acetylcholine in the nervous tissue. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry showed many acetylcholine-immunoreactive cells and fibers in sections from the medial septum region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geffard, M -- McRae-Degueurce, A -- Souan, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3892687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Brain Mapping ; Cholinergic Fibers/*anatomy & histology ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Male ; Rats
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    Plasticity of hippocampal circuitry in Alzheimer's disease (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-12-06
    Description: Two markers of neuronal plasticity were used to compare the response of the human central nervous system to neuronal loss resulting from Alzheimer's disease with the response of rats to a similar neuronal loss induced by lesions. In rats that had received lesions of the entorhinal cortex, axon sprouting of commissural and associational fibers into the denervated molecular layer of the dentate gyrus was paralleled by a spread in the distribution of tritiated kainic acid-binding sites. A similar expansion of kainic acid receptor distribution was observed in hippocampal samples obtained postmortem from patients with Alzheimer's disease. An enhancement of acetylcholinesterase activity in the dentate gyrus molecular layer, indicative of septal afferent sprouting, was also observed in those patients with a minimal loss of cholinergic neurons. These results are evidence that the central nervous system is capable of a plastic response in Alzheimer's disease. Adaptive growth responses occur along with the degenerative events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geddes, J W -- Monaghan, D T -- Cotman, C W -- Lott, I T -- Kim, R C -- Chui, H C -- AG00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH 19691/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50AG5142/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 6;230(4730):1179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4071042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease/*pathology ; Animals ; Hippocampus/enzymology/*pathology ; Humans ; Kainic Acid/metabolism ; Male ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Huntington's disease: two families with differing clinical features show linkage to the G8 probe (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-23
    Description: To test the hypothesis that interfamily variability in Huntington's Disease (HD) is due to mutation at different loci, linkage analysis was undertaken in two large HD kindreds that differed in ethnicity, age-at-onset, and neurologic and psychiatric features. Both families showed linkage of the HD locus to the G8 probe. Several recombinants were documented in each family, and the best estimate of the recombination fraction for the two families was 6 percent with a 95 percent confidence interval of 0 to 12 percent. Although the data support the existence of a single HD locus, use of the G8 probe for presymptomatic testing in these kindreds would have resulted in a 12 percent error rate in genotype assignment at the HD locus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Folstein, S E -- Phillips, J A 3rd -- Meyers, D A -- Chase, G A -- Abbott, M H -- Franz, M L -- Waber, P G -- Kazazian, H H Jr -- Conneally, P M -- Hobbs, W -- AM 13983/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- NS 16367/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 16375/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):776-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2992086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosomes, Human, 4-5 ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Huntington Disease/*genetics ; Male ; Pedigree ; Recombination, Genetic ; Risk
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    Chromatin structure and de novo methylation of sperm DNA: implications for activation of the paternal genome (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: The chromatin structure characteristic of constitutively expressed genes, tissue-specific genes, and inactive genes is absent in chicken sperm chromatin. However, point sites of undermethylation in sperm DNA within constitutively expressed genes, but not within globin genes or an inactive gene, correspond to the location of regions of altered chromatin structure (hypersensitive sites) in somatic tissue and spermatogonial cells. A de novo methylation process whereby regions within and flanking these genes become methylated, but which excludes the methylation of sequences within hypersensitive sites, occurs between the spermatogonial stage and the first meiotic prophase. These undermethylated regions may play a role in the activation of the paternal genome during embryogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Groudine, M -- Conkin, K F -- F32CA07476/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1061-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2986289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chick Embryo/*physiology ; Chickens/*genetics ; Chromatin/*ultrastructure ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Deoxyribonuclease I ; Endonucleases ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Globins/genetics ; Male ; *Methylation ; Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics
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    Peroxisomal defects in neonatal-onset and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophies (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-04
    Description: Accumulation of very long chain fatty acids in X-linked and neonatal forms of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) appears to be a consequence of deficient peroxisomal oxidation of very long chain fatty acids. Peroxisomes were readily identified in liver biopsies taken from a patient having the X-linked disorder. However, in liver biopsies from a patient having neonatal-onset ALD, hepatocellular peroxisomes were greatly reduced in size and number, and sedimentable catalase was markedly diminished. The presence of increased concentrations of serum pipecolic acid and the bile acid intermediate, trihydroxycoprostanic acid, in the neonatal ALD patient are associated with a generalized diminution of peroxisomal activities that was not observed in the patient with X-linked ALD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldfischer, S -- Collins, J -- Rapin, I -- Coltoff-Schiller, B -- Chang, C H -- Nigro, M -- Black, V H -- Javitt, N B -- Moser, H W -- Lazarow, P B -- AG-01468/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AM-17702/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- N5-03356/PHS HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 4;227(4682):67-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3964959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenoleukodystrophy/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Adult ; Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Catalase/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver/pathology ; Male ; Microbodies/*pathology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pipecolic Acids/blood ; Rats ; *X Chromosome
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    Location of gene for beta subunit of human T-cell receptor at band 7q35, a region prone to rearrangements in T cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-03
    Description: The T-cell receptor is formed by two chains, alpha and beta, for which specific clones were recently obtained. In this report the gene for the beta chain of the human T-cell receptor was located on the long arm of chromosome 7, band q35, by means of in situ hybridization. This chromosome region in T cells is unusually prone to develop breaks in vivo, perhaps reflecting instability generated by somatic rearrangement of T-cell receptor genes during normal differentiation in this cell lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Isobe, M -- Erikson, J -- Emanuel, B S -- Nowell, P C -- Croce, C M -- CA15822/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA16685/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM20700/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 3;228(4699):580-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3983641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia/genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations/genetics ; Chromosome Disorders ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Criminality and adoption (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kamin, L J -- Moses, L E -- Mednick, S A -- Gabrielli, W F Jr -- Hutchings, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 1;227(4690):983-4,986,989.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adoption ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/genetics ; *Crime ; Family ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Statistics as Topic
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    AIDS repository (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-07-05
    Description: In the article "Spotlight falls on science policy" (News and Comment, 10 May, p. 691) by Mark H. Crawford, the findings of a General Accounting Office report on the operating costs of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) were overstated. The report found that the Department of Energy's operating costs would rise by $80 million if both CEBAF and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider are constructed. CEBAF's operating cost is estimated to be $30 million. The report also found problems in accommodating the operating costs of the proposed Superconducting Super Collider in the department's budget.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaslow, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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    Protection of mice against fatal herpes simplex type 2 infection by liposomes containing muramyl tripeptide (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-26
    Description: Intravenous administration of liposomes containing muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine, a lipophilic derivative of muramyl dipeptide that activates macrophages to a cytolytic state in situ, significantly protected mice against lethal challenge with herpes simplex virus type 2. These findings suggest that the systemic activation of macrophages by liposomes containing an immunomodulator can lead to prophylaxis of severe infections caused by herpesviruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koff, W C -- Showalter, S D -- Hampar, B -- Fidler, I J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 26;228(4698):495-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2984772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/administration & dosage/*analogs & ; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Herpes Simplex/immunology/*prevention & control ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Intravenous ; Liposomes/administration & dosage ; Macrophage Activation/*drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Simplexvirus/immunology
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    Obesity declared a disease (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 1;227(4690):1019-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Body Weight ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Obesity/complications
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    Why do people get fat? (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 15;227(4692):1327-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/physiopathology ; Animals ; Diet ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity/*etiology/physiopathology ; Rats
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    Heart panel's conclusions questioned (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 4;227(4682):40-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3880617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cholesterol/*blood ; Cholesterol, Dietary/adverse effects ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Coronary Disease/etiology/*prevention & control ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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    Avoiding the schistosome's tricks (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 18;227(4684):285-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Schistosoma/growth & development/*immunology ; Schistosomiasis/immunology/parasitology ; Vaccines/immunology
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  • 57
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    Evidence for an antiaphrodisiac in the sweat bee Lasioglossum (Dialictus) zephyrum (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-08
    Description: Male Lasioglossum (Dialictus) zephyrum in the field are attracted to models impregnated with the odor of virgin females. The number of males responding increases with increasing odor concentration. Once a male has contacted a model, its attractiveness to other males is reduced, suggesting that the male may contribute an antiaphrodisiac cue so that other males avoid mated females.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kukuk, P -- 1-F32-MH08722-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 8;227(4687):656-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3969557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Sex Attractants/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology
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    Platelet-mediated cholesterol accumulation in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-08
    Description: Cholesterol accumulates within smooth muscle cells and macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions, thereby contributing to the progressive enlargement of these lesions. The mechanism of this cellular accumulation of cholesterol is not known. The possibility that platelets may have a role in the cellular cholesterol accumulation that occurs during atherogenesis was investigated. Incubation of thrombin-activated washed rat platelets (or platelet-free supernatants prepared from thrombin-activated platelets) with cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells induced cholesteryl ester lipid droplet accumulation within the smooth muscle cells. No cholesteryl ester lipid droplets accumulated when smooth muscle cells were incubated with unactivated platelets. Smooth muscle cell lipid droplet accumulation occurred in the absence of serum lipoproteins and was not inhibited by mevinolin, a drug that blocks cholesterol synthesis. These findings suggest that activated platelets may release cholesterol, which can be accumulated by cells and stored as lipid droplets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kruth, H S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1243-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta/physiopathology ; Arteriosclerosis/*physiopathology ; Blood Platelets/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol/*physiology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*cytology/physiopathology ; Platelet Aggregation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Thrombin/physiology
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  • 59
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    Reexamination of glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the brain in vivo: no evidence for a futile cycle (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-05
    Description: Glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the rat brain in vivo was estimated by measuring the differential loss of tritium and carbon-14 from the glucose pool labeled by a mixture of [2-3H]glucose and [U-14C]glucose. The results provide no evidence of significant dephosphorylation of glucose-6-phosphate and do not support the hypothesis of a futile cycle involving glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, T -- Lucignani, G -- Atlas, S -- Crane, A M -- Dienel, G A -- Sokoloff, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):60-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase/*metabolism ; Glucosephosphates/*metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Androgens prevent normally occurring cell death in a sexually dimorphic spinal nucleus (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-08-16
    Description: The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) contains many more motoneurons in adult male rats than in females. Androgens establish this sex difference during a critical perinatal period, which coincides with normally occurring cell death in the SNB region. Sex differences in SNB motoneuron number arise primarily because motoneuron loss is greater in females than in males during the early postnatal period. Perinatal androgen treatment in females attenuates cell death in the SNB region, reducing motoneuron loss to levels typical of males. The results suggest that steroid hormones determine sex differences in neuron number by regulating normally occurring cell death and that the timing of this cell death may therefore define critical periods for steroid effects on neuron number.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nordeen, E J -- Nordeen, K W -- Sengelaub, D R -- Arnold, A P -- HD06478-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD15021/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS07355-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 16;229(4714):671-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Female ; Male ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Penis/innervation ; Rats ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Blood-brain barrier: endogenous modulation by adrenal-cortical function (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-03-29
    Description: The blood-brain barrier restricts the passage of molecules from the blood to the brain. The permeability of the barrier to iodine-125-labeled bovine serum albumin was examined in rats that had undergone adrenalectomy, adrenal demedullation, and corticosterone replacement. Adrenalectomy, but not adrenal demedullation, increased the permeability of brain tissue to the isotopically labeled macromolecule; corticosterone replacement reversed this effect. These results indicate that the blood-brain barrier may be hormonally regulated; that is, the pituitary-adrenal axis may physiologically modulate the permeability of the brain microvasculature to macromolecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Long, J B -- Holaday, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 29;227(4694):1580-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex/*physiology ; Adrenal Medulla/physiology ; Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; *Blood-Brain Barrier ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; Corticosterone/blood/physiology ; Male ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/metabolism
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    Ascorbic acid and the behavioral response to haloperidol: implications for the action of antipsychotic drugs (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-25
    Description: Haloperidol, a widely used antipsychotic drug, was tested for its ability to block the behavioral response to amphetamine and to elicit catalepsy in rats treated with saline or ascorbic acid (1000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight). By itself, ascorbic acid failed to exert significant behavioral effects, but it enhanced the antiamphetamine and cataleptogenic effects of haloperidol (0.1 or 0.5 milligrams per kilogram). These results, combined with a growing body of biochemical evidence, suggest that ascorbic acid plays an important role in modulating the behavioral effects of haloperidol and related antipsychotic drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rebec, G V -- Centore, J M -- White, L K -- Alloway, K D -- DA 02451/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):438-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4038426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ascorbic Acid/*pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Catalepsy/chemically induced ; Dextroamphetamine/pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Haloperidol/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
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    A role for glycosylation of the alpha subunit in transduction of biological signal in glycoprotein hormones (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-05
    Description: The biological properties of recombinants of glycoprotein hormones in which the alpha and beta subunits were differentially deglycosylated have been investigated. Specific deglycosylation of the alpha subunit generated a recombinant that had more receptor-binding activity but did not produce hormone response in the target cells. The deglycosylated alpha + beta recombinant was also an antagonist of the action of the native hormone. Thus, the carbohydrates in the alpha subunit play a dominant role in the transduction of the hormone signal into the cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sairam, M R -- Bhargavi, G N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):65-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Leydig Cells/physiology ; Luteinizing Hormone/*physiology ; Male ; Ovary/physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology ; Receptors, FSH ; Receptors, LH ; Seminiferous Tubules/physiology ; Sheep ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Swine
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Glucocorticoids potentiate ischemic injury to neurons: therapeutic implications (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: Sustained exposure to glucocorticoids, the adrenocortical stress hormones, is toxic to neurons, and such toxicity appears to play a role in neuron loss during aging. Previous work has shown that glucocorticoids compromise the capacity of neurons to survive a variety of metabolic insults. This report extends those observations by showing that ischemic injury to neurons in rat brain is also potentiated by exposure to high physiological titers of glucocorticoids and is attenuated by adrenalectomy. The synergy between ischemic and glucocorticoid brain injury was seen even when glucocorticoid levels were manipulated after the ischemic insult. Pharmacological interventions that diminish the adrenocortical stress response may improve neurological outcome from stroke or cardiac arrest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sapolsky, R M -- Pulsinelli, W A -- NS-03346/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1397-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4035356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Brain/cytology/drug effects ; Brain Ischemia/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/physiopathology ; Corpus Striatum/drug effects ; Glucocorticoids/*pharmacology ; Heart Arrest/physiopathology ; Hippocampus/drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    HTLV-III infection in brains of children and adults with AIDS encephalopathy (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-11
    Description: Unexplained debilitating dementia or encephalopathy occurs frequently in adults and children with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Brains from 15 individuals with AIDS and encephalopathy were examined by Southern analysis and in situ hybridization for the presence of human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III (HTLV-III), the virus believed to be the causative agent of AIDS. HTLV-III DNA was detected in the brains of five patients, and viral-specific RNA was detected in four of these. In view of these findings and the recent demonstration of morphologic and genetic relatedness between HTLV-III and visna virus, a lentivirus that causes a chronic degenerative neurologic disease in sheep, HTLV-III should be evaluated further as a possible cause of AIDS encephalopathy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaw, G M -- Harper, M E -- Hahn, B H -- Epstein, L G -- Gajdusek, D C -- Price, R W -- Navia, B A -- Petito, C K -- O'Hara, C J -- Groopman, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 11;227(4683):177-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2981429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Brain Diseases/*microbiology ; Cerebral Cortex/analysis/*microbiology ; Child ; Deltaretrovirus/*isolation & purification ; Dementia/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Viral/analysis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Effects on Trichinella spiralis of host responses to purified antigens (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-22
    Description: Purification of two antigens (48-kilodalton polypeptide and a group with major subunits of 50 and 55 kilodaltons) from the infective larvae of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis was recently reported. Immunization of mice with either of these antigens induces strong resistance to a subsequent challenge infection. In the study reported here the mechanism of this resistance was investigated by monitoring the parasite's life cycle in mice immunized with the antigens. Immunized mice were able to expel intestinal adult worms and to inhibit the fecundity of adult female worms at an accelerated rate compared to control mice. Accelerated expulsion and inhibition of fecundity may account entirely for the level of resistance induced by immunization. Although the effects of the immune response apparently are exerted on adult worms, the target antigens are expressed only by developing larvae. This suggests that immune effector mechanisms act on intestinal larvae in such a way that they develop into defective adults.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silberstein, D S -- Despommier, D D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 22;227(4689):948-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3969571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Helminth/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Female ; Immunization ; Larva ; Male ; Mice ; Trichinella/growth & development/*immunology ; Trichinellosis/immunology
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    The stability of DNA in human cerebellar neurons (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-24
    Description: Human tissues have carbon-isotope ratios (13C/12C) that reflect dietary ratios. This observation has been used to determine the extent of metabolic turnover of DNA in cells of the adult human cerebellum (90 percent of which are neuronal). If adult human neuronal DNA were metabolically stable, its 13C/12C would reflect that in the maternal diet during fetal development as nearly all neurons are formed during maturation of the fetal brain and do not undergo cell division thereafter. The 13C/12C ratios in the food chains and body tissues of Europeans differ from corresponding American ratios by about 50 parts per million on the average. Therefore, turnover was studied by comparing 13C/12C ratios in cerebellar DNA of American-born Americans, European-born Americans, and European-born Europeans. The 13C/12C ratios in cerebellar DNA from European-born Americans were closer to 13C/12C ratios in cerebellar DNA from European-born Europeans than from American-born Americans, indicating that there was little or no turnover of neuronal DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slatkin, D N -- Friedman, L -- Irsa, A P -- Micca, P L -- NS 17822-01 RNM/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 24;228(4702):1002-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; Carbon ; Carbon Isotopes ; Cerebellum/cytology/*metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; Europe/ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/*metabolism ; United States
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    Genetic origin of mutations predisposing to retinoblastoma (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-04-26
    Description: Retinoblastoma is one of several human tumors to which predisposition can be inherited. Molecular genetic analysis of several nonheritable cases has led to the hypothesis that this tumor develops after the occurrence of specific mitotic events involving human chromosome 13. These events reveal initial predisposing recessive mutations. Evidence is presented that similar chromosomal events occur in tumors from heritable cases. The chromosome 13 found in the tumors was the one carrying the predisposing germline mutation and not the homolog containing the wild-type allele at the Rb-1 locus. These results suggest a new approach for identifying recessive mutant genes that lead to cancer and a conceptual basis for accurate prenatal predictions of cancer predisposition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cavenee, W K -- Hansen, M F -- Nordenskjold, M -- Kock, E -- Maumenee, I -- Squire, J A -- Phillips, R A -- Gallie, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 26;228(4698):501-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3983638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15 ; Eye Neoplasms/*genetics ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mitosis ; Models, Genetic ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Retinoblastoma/*genetics
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    Syrian hamster female protein: analysis of female protein primary structure and gene expression (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: The concentration in plasma of the female protein (FP) of the golden Syrian hamster is regulated by sex steroids and by mediators of the acute-phase response to tissue injury or inflammation. A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone corresponding to FP was isolated from a hamster liver cDNA library and used to determine the nucleotide sequence and derived amino acid sequence of native FP. The primary sequence of FP is 69 percent identical to human serum amyloid P component and 50 percent identical to human C-reactive protein. Evidence showed that sex-limited and acute-phase control of the FP gene is pretranslational. The FP protein is thus a useful model for investigating dual regulation of expression of a single gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dowton, S B -- Woods, D E -- Mantzouranis, E C -- Colten, H R -- AI20959/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1206-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2408337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute-Phase Proteins ; Alpha-Globulins/*genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blood Proteins/genetics ; *C-Reactive Protein ; Cricetinae/*physiology ; DNA/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Liver/physiology ; Male ; Mesocricetus/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
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  • 70
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    Regional brain dopamine metabolism: a marker for the speed, direction, and posture of moving animals (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-07-05
    Description: Brain dopamine is necessary for normal movement. To determine whether there is a precise relation between the intensity of movement and changes in brain dopamine metabolism, the investigators ran rats on straight and circular treadmills at different speeds and with different body postures. Concentrations of dopamine and its metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid increased in the caudate and accumbens nuclei in direct relation to the speed and angular posture of the animals. Dopamine metabolism in the nucleus accumbens was more strongly linked to the speed and direction of movement, while in the caudate nucleus dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were affected most by posture and direction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freed, C R -- Yamamoto, B K -- K04-HL 00782/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 NS 09199/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS 18639/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):62-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4012312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Caudate Nucleus/metabolism ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Male ; *Motor Activity ; Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism ; *Posture ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    Expression of a microinjected porcine class I major histocompatibility complex gene in transgenic mice (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-03
    Description: A porcine class I major histocompatibility complex (SLA) gene has been introduced into the genome of a C57BL/10 mouse. This transgenic mouse expressed SLA antigen on its cell surfaces and transmitted the gene to offspring, in which the gene is also expressed. Skin grafts of such transgenic mice were rejected by normal C57BL/10 mice, suggesting that the foreign SLA antigen expressed in the transgenic mice is recognized as a functional transplantation antigen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frels, W I -- Bluestone, J A -- Hodes, R J -- Capecchi, M R -- Singer, D S -- GM 07825/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 2116B/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 3;228(4699):577-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3885396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA/genetics ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic Engineering ; Graft Rejection ; H-2 Antigens/genetics ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL/genetics ; Microinjections ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Skin Transplantation ; Swine
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    Adherent bacterial colonization in the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-24
    Description: Direct scanning electron microscopy of material obtained during surgical debridement of osteomyelitic bone showed that the infecting bacteria grew in coherent microcolonies in an adherent biofilm so extensive it often obscured the infected bone surfaces. Transmission electron microscopy showed this biofilm to have a fibrous matrix, to contain some host cells, and to contain many bacteria around which matrix fibers were often concentrated. Many bacterial morphotypes were present in these biofilms, and each bacterium was surrounded by exopolysaccharide polymers, which are known to mediate formation of microcolonies and adhesion of bacteria to surfaces in natural ecosystems and in infections related biomaterials. The adherent mode of growth may reduce the susceptibility of these organisms to host clearance mechanisms and antibiotic therapy and thus may be a fundamental factor in acute and chronic osteomyelitis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gristina, A G -- Oga, M -- Webb, L X -- Hobgood, C D -- AM26957-03/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 24;228(4702):990-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Adhesiveness ; Adult ; Aged ; Bacteria/ultrastructure ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Bone and Bones/*microbiology ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Osteomyelitis/etiology/*microbiology ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/physiology
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  • 73
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    Interactions between the gonadal steroids and the immune system (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-18
    Description: The immune system is regulated by the gonadal steroids estrogen, androgen, and progesterone, but the circulating levels of these steroids can also be affected by immune system function. Such interactions appear to be mediated through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-thymic axis and depend on pituitary luteinizing hormone released by thymic factors under the control of the gonadal steroids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grossman, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 18;227(4684):257-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3871252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/physiology ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Castration ; Cricetinae ; Estrogens/physiology ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiology ; *Immunity ; Male ; Mice ; Ovary/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits ; Rats ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Testis/physiology ; Thymosin/physiology ; Thymus Gland/physiology
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  • 74
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    Morphological novelty in the limb skeleton accompanies miniaturization in salamanders (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-08-30
    Description: Salamanders of the genus Thorius (Plethodontidae) are among the smallest tetrapods. Hypotheses of limb skeletal evolution in these vertebrates were evaluated on the basis of estimates of natural variation, comparisons of skeletal homology, and analysis of molecular phylogeny. Nine carpal arrangements occur in Thorius, more than in all twelve related genera of typically larger salamanders; six of these arrangements are unique. They represent a trend toward a decrease in the number of separate cartilages that is independent of locomotor and ecological specialization. Miniaturization may be an important source of morphological novelty, distinct from local adaptation, in vertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanken, J -- 1 R23 DE07190-01/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 30;229(4716):871-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Biometry ; Carpus, Animal/*anatomy & histology ; Cartilage, Articular/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Forelimb/*anatomy & histology ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Species Specificity ; Urodela/*anatomy & histology/classification
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    Isolation of a spirochete from the soft tick, Ornithodoros coriaceus: a possible agent of epizootic bovine abortion (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-04
    Description: A Borrelia-like spirochete was detected in all three parasitic stages of Ornithodoros coriaceus, the soft tick implicated in the epizoology of epizootic bovine abortion. After the spirochete had been isolated, its distinctness from other North American tick-borne borreliae as well as from Spirochaeta aurantia, Treponema pallidum, and Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was established on the basis of its morphology, protein components, and inability to infect mice. The spirochete is passed trans-stadially and via eggs by ticks, and it is also excreted in coxal fluid after ticks have fed and detached. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the spirochete may be causally related to epizootic bovine abortion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lane, R S -- Burgdorfer, W -- Hayes, S F -- Barbour, A G -- 2-S07-RR07006/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 4;230(4721):85-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3898367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Veterinary/*etiology/parasitology ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*etiology/parasitology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Pregnancy ; Spirochaeta/*isolation & purification ; Ticks/*microbiology
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    Mutation in LDL receptor: Alu-Alu recombination deletes exons encoding transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-11
    Description: The molecular size of the plasma LDL (low density lipoprotein) receptor synthesized by cultured fibroblasts from a patient with the internalization-defective form of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH 274) was smaller by 10,000 daltons than the size of the normal LDL receptor. The segment of the gene encoding the truncated portion of the FH 274 receptor was cloned into bacteriophage lambda. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the normal and FH 274 genes revealed a 5-kilobase deletion, which eliminated the exons encoding the membrane-spanning region and the carboxyl terminal cytoplasmic domain of the receptor. The deletion appeared to be caused by a novel intrastrand recombination between two repetitive sequences of the Alu family that were oriented in opposite directions. The truncated receptors lack membrane-spanning regions and cytoplasmic domains; they are largely secreted into the culture medium, but a small fraction remains adherent to the cell surface. The surface-adherent receptors bind LDL, but they are unable to cluster in coated pits, thus explaining the internalization-defective phenotype.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449727/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449727/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lehrman, M A -- Schneider, W J -- Sudhof, T C -- Brown, M S -- Goldstein, J L -- Russell, D W -- HL 01287/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 20948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 31346/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL020948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 11;227(4683):140-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3155573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophage lambda ; Base Sequence ; Cell Membrane ; Cloning, Molecular ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/metabolism ; Cytoplasm ; Fibroblasts ; Genes ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/*genetics ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; Receptors, LDL/*genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 77
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    Localization of the gene encoding the human interleukin-2 receptor on chromosome 10 (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: The human interleukin-2 receptor is an inducible growth factor receptor present on the surface of activated T lymphocytes. The receptor is required for a normal T-cell immune response. High-resolution fluorescence-activated chromosome sorting and DNA spot-blot analysis with complementary DNA's for the interleukin-2 receptor indicated that the receptor gene was located on chromosome 9, 10, 11, or 12. In situ hybridization studies showed that the interleukin-2 receptor gene is on the short arm of chromosome 10, p14----15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leonard, W J -- Donlon, T A -- Lebo, R V -- Greene, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1547-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3925551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; *Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X ; DNA/analysis ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology ; Receptors, Immunologic/*genetics ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; T-Lymphocytes/analysis/immunology
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  • 78
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    Patterns of growth hormone-releasing factor and somatostatin secretion into the hypophysial-portal circulation of the rat (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-10-25
    Description: The interrelation between the secretion of two hypophysiotropic peptides, growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and somatostatin (SRIF), in the generation of episodic growth hormone (GH) secretion was inferred from direct measurements of immunoreactive GRF and immunoreactive SRIF concentrations in the hypophysial-portal plasma of the rat. Secretion of immunoreactive GRF was found to be episodic, with maximal concentrations present during periods of expected GH secretory episodes. Secretion of immunoreactive GRF was accompanied by a moderate reduction in portal plasma levels of immunoreactive SRIF. Passive immunoneutralization of SRIF was associated with increased concentrations of immunoreactive GRF in hypophysial-portal plasma. On the basis of these observations, it appears that each GH secretory episode is initiated by pulsatile secretion of immunoreactive GRF into the portal circulation, which is preceded by or is concurrent with a moderate reduction of inhibitory tone provided by portal immunoreactive SRIF. These experiments provide direct insights into central and adenohypophysial mechanisms by which GRF and SRIF interact to generate episodic secretion of GH.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Plotsky, P M -- Vale, W -- AM26741/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Oct 25;230(4724):461-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2864742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Growth Hormone/blood/physiology/secretion ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/blood/physiology/*secretion ; Immune Sera/immunology ; Male ; Pituitary Gland/blood supply/*physiology ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/secretion ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sheep/immunology ; Somatostatin/blood/physiology/*secretion
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  • 79
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    EEG alpha activity reflects attentional demands, and beta activity reflects emotional and cognitive processes (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-10
    Description: Two experiments were designed to examine the effects of attentional demands on the electroencephalogram during cognitive and emotional tasks. We found an interaction of task with hemisphere as well as more overall parietal alpha for tasks not requiring attention to the environment, such as mental arithmetic, than for those requiring such attention. Differential hemispheric activation for beta was found most strongly in the temporal areas for emotionally positive or negative tasks and in the parietal areas for cognitive tasks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ray, W J -- Cole, H W -- RR07082-14/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 10;228(4700):750-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3992243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alpha Rhythm ; Attention/*physiology ; *Beta Rhythm ; Brain/physiology ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Cognition/*physiology ; *Electroencephalography ; Emotions/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male
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  • 80
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    Vasopressin-stimulated release of atriopeptin: endocrine antagonists in fluid homeostasis (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-07-26
    Description: Administration of pharmacological doses of arginine-vasopressin, related peptides, and other pressor agents induced a profound release of atriopeptin immunoreactivity into the circulation. The stimulated release of atriopeptin apparently was related to increased arterial blood pressure. Neither the nonpressor vasopressin analog 1-deamino-D-Arg8-vasopressin nor arginine-vasopressin in the presence of a specific pressor antagonist caused atriopeptin to be released into the circulation. Urine output was correlated with the level of atriopeptin released. Physiological levels of arginine-vasopressin suppress diuresis and produced vasoconstriction. Pharmacological levels of the hormone stimulated the cardiac endocrine system to release atriopeptin, which may cause diuresis and vasodilation to physiologically antagonize the effects of vasopressin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manning, P T -- Schwartz, D -- Katsube, N C -- Holmberg, S W -- Needleman, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jul 26;229(4711):395-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/pharmacology ; Angiotensin II/pharmacology ; Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin/*pharmacology ; *Atrial Function ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Muscle Proteins/*secretion ; Oxytocin/pharmacology ; Phenylephrine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Urodynamics/drug effects ; Water-Electrolyte Balance/*drug effects
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  • 81
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    Psoriatic fibroblasts induce hyperproliferation of normal keratinocytes in a skin equivalent model in vitro (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-11-08
    Description: A skin equivalent model has been used to fabricate tissues with psoriatic and normal cells. Psoriatic fibroblasts can induce hyperproliferative activity in normal keratinocytes. The psoriatic epidermis from lesions continues to proliferate at high rates for at least 15 days in this model, and normal fibroblasts are unable to suppress this hyperproliferation. The primary defect in psoriatic skin may reside in the dermal fibroblast.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saiag, P -- Coulomb, B -- Lebreton, C -- Bell, E -- Dubertret, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 8;230(4726):669-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2413549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Collagen/physiology ; Epidermis/*cytology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/*physiology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Keratins/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Psoriasis/*physiopathology ; Skin/*cytology/growth & development
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  • 82
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    Naturally occurring antibodies reactive with sperm proteins: apparent deficiency in AIDS sera (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-06-07
    Description: A set of naturally occurring immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies that are reactive with a defined subset of proteins in the acrosomal cap region of human sperm has been identified. These antibodies are present in a broad spectrum of human sera from males and females, 1 day to 40 years of age, and are absent or markedly deficient in a large proportion of sera from individuals with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or at risk for AIDS. The subset of proteins with which the IgM antibodies are reactive includes a factor (or factors) capable of inhibiting lectin-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation. The prevalence of the sperm-reactive IgM antibodies indicates that they are not elicited by sperm. Further, immunoreactivity of the sperm proteins resulting in depletion of specific circulating IgM antibodies, or other interactions between the sperm proteins and elements of the immune system, may be a factor in the suppressed state of the immune system in AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodman, T C -- Laurence, J -- Pruslin, F H -- Chiorazzi, N -- Winston, R -- CA 35018-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1211-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3890184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology ; Acrosome/*immunology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies/analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M/analysis ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Spermatozoa/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 83
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    The immune system "belongs in the body" (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 8;227(4691):1190-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; *Immunity ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lymphocytes/physiology ; Male ; Nervous System/*immunology ; Rats ; Stress, Psychological/immunology
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  • 84
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    Loss of M2 muscarine receptors in the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease and experimental cholinergic denervation (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-31
    Description: Cerebral cortex samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease and from rats after experimental cholinergic denervation of the cerebral cortex exhibited reductions in the presynaptic marker choline acetyltransferase activity and in the number of M2 muscarine receptors, with no change in the number of M1 receptors. These results are in keeping with evidence that M2 receptors function in cholinergic nerve terminals to regulate the release of acetylcholine, whereas M1 receptors are located on postsynaptic cells and facilitate cellular excitation. New M1-selective agonists and M2-selective antagonists directed at post- or presynaptic sites deserve consideration as potential agents for the treatment of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mash, D C -- Flynn, D D -- Potter, L T -- HLO-7188/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 31;228(4703):1115-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3992249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/*metabolism ; Cholinergic Fibers/physiology ; Denervation ; Humans ; Male ; Oxotremorine ; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Muscarinic/*metabolism ; Synaptic Membranes/*metabolism
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  • 85
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    Histological demonstration of mosaicism in a series of chimeric rats produced between congenic strains (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Description: Experimental chimeras were produced by aggregating morulae from congenic strains of PVG rats differing in the major histocompatibility complex (RTI). Monoclonal antibodies against variant class I antigens of the two strains were directly conjugated to iodine-125 and applied to tissue sections. Autoradiograms allowed examination of most internal tissues. The proportion of PVG-RTIa cells in the erythrocyte populations of the chimeras varied from 8 to 70 percent, as determined with fluorescence-activated flow cytometry. Digital analysis of autoradiograms demonstrated that the contribution of PVG-RTIa cells to the livers of the chimeras ranged from 34 to 86 percent. Patches of cells of each genotype in the liver were geometrically complex, with large variations in size. The thymus, but not the spleen, showed evidence of oligoclonal development. The adrenal cortex revealed a radially striped pattern, suggestive of clonal expansion of stem cells. With this approach it is possible to measure cell distribution in chimeras through direct histological visualization, which may prove useful in the study of rat organogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinberg, W C -- Howard, J C -- Iannaccone, P M -- CA29078/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA34913/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):524-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3966159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex/cytology/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; *Chimera ; Erythrocytes/immunology ; Female ; Genotype ; Histocompatibility Antigens/analysis/*genetics ; Kidney/cytology/immunology ; Liver/cytology/immunology ; Lung/cytology/immunology ; Male ; *Mosaicism ; Ovary/cytology/immunology ; Rats ; Spleen/cytology/immunology ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/immunology
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  • 86
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    Methionine and leucine enkephalin in rat neurohypophysis: different responses to osmotic stimuli and T2 toxin (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-05-03
    Description: Specific radioimmunoassays were used to measure the effects of hypertonic saline (salt loading), water deprivation, and trichothecene mycotoxin (T2 toxin) on the content of methionine enkephalin (ME), leucine enkephalin (LE), alpha-neoendorphin, dynorphin A, dynorphin B, vasopressin, and oxytocin in the rat posterior pituitary. Concentrations of vasopressin and oxytocin decreased in response to both osmotic stimuli and treatment with T2 toxin, but the decrease was greater with osmotic stimulations. Similarly, concentrations of LE and dynorphin-related peptides declined after salt loading and water deprivation; LE concentrations also decreased after treatment with T2 toxin. The concentration of ME decreased after water deprivation, did not change after salt loading, and increased after T2 toxin treatment. The differentiating effects of these stimuli on the content of immunoreactive LE and ME are consistent with the hypothesis that LE and ME may be localized in separate populations of nerve endings with different roles in the posterior pituitary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zamir, N -- Zamir, D -- Eiden, L E -- Palkovits, M -- Brownstein, M J -- Eskay, R L -- Weber, E -- Faden, A I -- Feuerstein, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 3;228(4699):606-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2858918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dynorphins/analogs & derivatives/analysis ; Endorphins/analysis ; Enkephalin, Leucine/*analysis ; Enkephalin, Methionine/*analysis ; Male ; Osmosis ; Oxytocin/analysis ; Pituitary Gland, Posterior/*analysis/drug effects ; Protein Precursors/analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; Sesquiterpenes/*pharmacology ; T-2 Toxin/*pharmacology ; Vasopressins/analysis ; Water Deprivation
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  • 87
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    The genetic linkage map of the human X chromosome (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-11-15
    Description: A database useful for mapping the human X chromosome has been established. The data consist of the genotypic characterizations obtained at more than 20 DNA marker loci from a set of 38 selected families. Multilocus linkage analysis has provided an initial genetic map completely spanning the distance from the distal short arm to the distal long arm of the chromosome, for a total genetic length of at least 185 recombination units. Analysis of the recombinational behavior of fully marked chromosomes suggests that the number of recombination events on the X chromosome may be nonrandom. Linkage studies of six families that carry the mutation which causes Duchenne muscular dystrophy were combined with linkage data from a large number of normal families. This permitted mapping of the locus for Duchenne muscular dystrophy with greater precision and statistical confidence than studies in which disease families alone provided the genotypic database. This observation suggests that the normal linkage map of this chromosome should be especially valuable in the mapping of rare X-linked diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Drayna, D -- White, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):753-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4059909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Mapping ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; DNA/genetics ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; *Genetic Linkage ; Hemophilia A/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Muscular Dystrophies/genetics ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/genetics ; X Chromosome/*physiology
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  • 88
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    Seal lungs collapse during free diving: evidence from arterial nitrogen tensions (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-08-09
    Description: Arterial blood nitrogen tensions of free-diving Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddelli) were measured by attaching a microprocessor-controlled blood pump and drawing samples at depth to determine how these marine mammals dive to great depths and ascend rapidly without developing decompression sickness. Forty-seven samples of arterial blood were obtained from four Weddell seals during free dives lasting up to 23 minutes to depths of 230 meters beneath the sea ice of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Peak arterial blood nitrogen tensions of between 2000 and 2500 millimeters of mercury were recorded at depths of 40 to 80 meters during descent, indicating that the seal's lung collapses by 25 to 50 meters. Then arterial blood nitrogen tensions slowly decreased to about 1500 millimeters of mercury at the surface. In a single dive, alveolar collapse and redistribution of blood nitrogen allow the seal to avoid nitrogen narcosis and decompression sickness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falke, K J -- Hill, R D -- Qvist, J -- Schneider, R C -- Guppy, M -- Liggins, G C -- Hochachka, P W -- Elliott, R E -- Zapol, W M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Aug 9;229(4713):556-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteries ; *Diving ; Electrocardiography/veterinary ; Heart Rate ; Male ; Microcomputers ; Monitoring, Physiologic/veterinary ; Nitrogen/*blood ; Partial Pressure ; Pinnipedia/*physiology ; Pulmonary Alveoli/*physiology ; Seals, Earless/blood/*physiology
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  • 89
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    Politics and science clash on African AIDS (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1985-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Dec 6;230(4730):1140, 1142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2999975" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*epidemiology/transmission ; Africa ; Deltaretrovirus ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Politics
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  • 90
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    Abrupt induction of a membrane digestive enzyme by its intraintestinal substrate (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-04
    Description: The regulation of amino-oligopeptidase (AOP), an intestinal brush border hydrolase essential for the surface digestion of peptide nutrients, was examined in rats in vivo. Short-term (30-minute) intraintestinal perfusion of a tetrapeptide substrate, Gly-Leu-Gly-Gly, or a synthetic substrate, leucyl-beta-naphthylamide, induced a doubling in the incorporation of [3H]leucine into the AOP in association with intracellular membranes. The subsequent conversion of AOP from nascent to mature enzyme and its membrane-associated transport to the brush border occurred at normal rates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reisenauer, A M -- Gray, G M -- AM 07056/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 11270/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 15802/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jan 4;227(4682):70-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3838079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminopeptidases/*biosynthesis ; Animals ; *Antigens, CD13 ; Dietary Proteins/metabolism ; Digestion ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Enzyme Induction ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism ; Intestines/*enzymology ; Kinetics ; Leucine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Male ; Microvilli/enzymology ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 91
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    Detection of serum antibodies to Borna disease virus in patients with psychiatric disorders (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-10
    Description: Borna disease virus causes a rare meningoencephalitis in horses and sheep and has been shown to produce behavioral effects in some species. The possibility that the Borna virus is associated with mental disorders in humans was evaluated by examining serum samples from 979 psychiatric patients and 200 normal volunteers for the presence of Borna virus-specific antibodies. Antibodies were detected by the indirect immunofluorescence focus assay. Antibodies to the virus were demonstrated in 16 of the patients but none of the normal volunteers. The patients with the positive serum samples were characterized by having histories of affective disorders, particularly of a cyclic nature. Further studies are needed to define the possible involvement of Borna virus in human psychiatric disturbances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rott, R -- Herzog, S -- Fleischer, B -- Winokur, A -- Amsterdam, J -- Dyson, W -- Koprowski, H -- MH00044/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-11036/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 May 10;228(4700):755-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3922055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/*immunology ; Bipolar Disorder/microbiology ; Borna disease virus/*immunology ; Depressive Disorder/microbiology ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/immunology/*microbiology ; Middle Aged ; Rats ; Tupaiidae ; Viruses, Unclassified/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Response to ethanol reduced by past thiamine deficiency (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-15
    Description: Ethanol-induced intoxication and hypothermia were studied in rats approximately 7 months after severe thiamine deficiency, when treated rats appeared to have recovered their physical health. Previously induced thiamine deficiency without prior ethanol exposure significantly decreased the area under the curve plotted for the concentration of ethanol in blood and also decreased behavioral impairment and hypothermia due to ethanol exposure. Pathophysiologic changes resulting from thiamine deficiency may contribute to both the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic tolerance to ethanol in chronic alcoholics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, P R -- Majchrowicz, E -- Tamborska, E -- Marietta, C -- Mukherjee, A B -- Eckardt, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 15;227(4692):1365-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcohol Amnestic Disorder/pathology ; Alcoholic Intoxication/physiopathology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Body Temperature/drug effects ; Brain/pathology ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothermia/chemically induced ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Thiamine Deficiency/*physiopathology ; Wernicke Encephalopathy/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Evidence for exposure to HTLV-III in Uganda before 1973 (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-01
    Description: Fifty of 75 serum samples collected in the West Nile district of Uganda between August 1972 and July 1973 contained antibodies reactive with human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type 3 (HTLV-III; mean titer, 601), while 12 of 75 samples were positive in a similar test for HTLV type 1 (HTLV-1) antibodies (mean titer, 236). The samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and positive results were confirmed by a newly developed unlabeled antibody-peroxidase procedure with enhanced sensitivity for detection of antibody binding to immunoblots of HTLV-III antigen, demonstrating antibodies to proteins with molecular weights of 24,000, 41,000, and 76,000 in nearly all positive samples. Analysis of titration data indicated enhanced titers of antibody against HTLV-III and HTLV-I when coinfection occurred. The high prevalence and relatively low titers [compared to serum from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)] of antibodies recognizing HTLV-III proteins in sera from this population at a time that may predate or coincide with the appearance or spread of the AIDS agent (HTLV-III) suggest that the virus detected may have been a predecessor of HTLV-III or is HTLV-III itself but existing in a population acclimated to its presence. It further suggests an African origin of HTLV-III.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saxinger, W C -- Levine, P H -- Dean, A G -- de The, G -- Lange-Wantzin, G -- Moghissi, J -- Laurent, F -- Hoh, M -- Sarngadharan, M G -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 1;227(4690):1036-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2983417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/microbiology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology/microbiology ; Child ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retroviridae Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/microbiology ; Uganda
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    [2 + 2] photocycloadditions in the synthesis of chiral molecules (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-22
    Description: A strategy for the synthesis of chiral molecules that receives growing popularity among organic chemists employs the photochemically mediated [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. These reactions can be performed on a multigram scale and often proceed with high yield and with stereocontrol. These features, in combination with the useful properties of the four-membered ring photoproducts in subsequent chemical transformations, make them attractive options in the early stage of a synthesis design. Various combinations of unsaturated functional groups can participate in this reaction process. Accordingly, these chemical reactions can be economical solutions to problems relating to the synthesis of a variety of target molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schreiber, S L -- GM-32527/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 22;227(4689):857-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4038558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis ; Antifungal Agents/chemical synthesis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cockroaches ; Female ; Furans/chemical synthesis ; Lactones/chemical synthesis ; Male ; Mycotoxins/chemical synthesis ; *Photochemistry ; Pyrones/chemical synthesis ; Sex Attractants/chemical synthesis/isolation & purification ; Stereoisomerism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Computerized pattern recognition: a new technique for the analysis of chemical communication (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-04-12
    Description: Computerized pattern recognition techniques can be applied to the study of complex chemical communication systems. Analysis of high resolution gas chromatographic concentration patterns of the major volatile components of the scent marks of a South American primate, Saguinus fuscicollis, demonstrates that the concentration patterns can be used to predict the gender and subspecies of unknown donors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, A B 3rd -- Belcher, A M -- Epple, G -- Jurs, P C -- Lavine, B -- 5 T32 NSO7176-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Apr 12;228(4696):175-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chromatography, Gas ; *Computers ; Female ; Male ; *Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Saguinus/physiology ; Scent Glands/physiology ; Sex Attractants/*physiology ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Effects of extracellular egg factors on sperm guanylate cyclase (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-02-15
    Description: Extracellular factors from the sea urchin egg induce a change in the electrophoretic mobility of an abundant sperm membrane phosphoprotein. The modified protein was identified as guanylate cyclase. The mobility shift of the cyclase was shown to be associated with a decrease in its enzymatic activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ward, G E -- Garbers, D L -- Vacquier, V D -- HD-10254/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-12986/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):768-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2857502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Fertilization ; Guanylate Cyclase/*metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Sea Urchins ; Sperm Maturation ; *Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatozoa/*enzymology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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