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  • 1
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    Ecology. Photosymbiosis and the evolution of modern coral reefs (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stanley, George D Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):857-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Montana Paleontology Center, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. george.stanley@umontana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Anthozoa/growth & development/*physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/growth & development/*physiology ; Fossils ; Photosynthesis ; Sunlight ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Bioethics. Researchers attack newspaper probe of trials (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1714.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*ethics ; Conflict of Interest ; Consultants ; Drug Industry ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Newspapers as Topic ; Research Design ; Research Personnel/*ethics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Ecology. Adding biofuels to the invasive species fire? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raghu, S -- Anderson, R C -- Daehler, C C -- Davis, A S -- Wiedenmann, R N -- Simberloff, D -- Mack, R N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1742.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. raghu@uiuc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biomass ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; *Environment ; Herbicides ; Pest Control, Biological ; *Poaceae/growth & development ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Ecology. Staying connected in a turbulent world (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steneck, Robert S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):480-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Darling Marine Center, Walpole, ME 04573, USA. steneck@maine.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Caribbean Region ; Computer Simulation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/growth & development/*physiology ; Larva/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; *Swimming ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Sustainability. Resolving mismatches in U.S. ocean governance (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-05
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crowder, L B -- Osherenko, G -- Young, O R -- Airame, S -- Norse, E A -- Baron, N -- Day, J C -- Douvere, F -- Ehler, C N -- Halpern, B S -- Langdon, S J -- McLeod, K L -- Ogden, J C -- Peach, R E -- Rosenberg, A A -- Wilson, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):617-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Marine Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. lcrowder@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Government Regulation ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Election 2006. Environmentalists see a greener Congress (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 17;314(5802):1061.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17110540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Environment ; *Federal Government ; Politics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Aggresomes and autophagy generate sites for virus replication (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-13
    Beschreibung: The replication of many viruses is associated with specific intracellular compartments called virus factories or virioplasm. These are thought to provide a physical scaffold to concentrate viral components and thereby increase the efficiency of replication. The formation of virus replication sites often results in rearrangement of cellular membranes and reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Similar rearrangements are seen in cells in response to protein aggregation, where aggresomes and autophagosomes are produced to facilitate protein degradation. Here I review the evidence that some viruses induce aggresomes and autophagosomes to generate sites of replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wileman, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):875-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. t.wileman@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Autophagy ; Cell Membrane Structures/ultrastructure/virology ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure/virology ; Cell Nucleus Structures/ultrastructure/virology ; Cytoplasmic Vesicles/physiology/ultrastructure/*virology ; DNA Viruses/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Phagosomes/physiology/*virology ; Proteins/metabolism ; RNA Viruses/*physiology ; *Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Comment on "Stability via asynchrony in Drosophila metapopulations with low migration rates" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-21
    Beschreibung: Dey and Joshi (Reports, 21 April 2006, p. 434) studied replicate laboratory populations of Drosophila and reported that low migration led to asynchrony among subpopulations. We argue that this unexpected outcome may be due to variation in the initial size of the subpopulations and uncontrolled stochasticity in the experiments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ranta, Esa -- Kaitala, Veijo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):420; author reply 420.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Ecology Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. esa.ranta@helsinki.fi〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Stochastic Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Evolution. The origin of insects (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glenner, Henrik -- Thomsen, Philip Francis -- Hebsgaard, Martin Bay -- Sorensen, Martin Vinther -- Willerslev, Eske -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1883-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ancient Genetics, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. ewillerslev@bi.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Crustacea/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Fresh Water ; *Insects/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Seawater ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Coevolved crypts and exocrine glands support mutualistic bacteria in fungus-growing ants (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-10
    Beschreibung: Attine ants engage in a quadripartite symbiosis with fungi they cultivate for food, specialized garden parasites, and parasite-inhibiting bacteria. Molecular phylogenetic evidence supports an ancient host-pathogen association between the ant-cultivar mutualism and the garden parasite. Here we show that ants rear the antibiotic-producing bacteria in elaborate cuticular crypts, supported by unique exocrine glands, and that these structures have been highly modified across the ants' evolutionary history. This specialized structural evolution, together with the absence of these bacteria and modifications in other ant genera that do not grow fungus, indicate that the bacteria have an ancient and coevolved association with the ants, their fungal cultivar, and the garden parasite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currie, Cameron R -- Poulsen, Michael -- Mendenhall, John -- Boomsma, Jacobus J -- Billen, Johan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):81-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. currie@bact.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Actinomycetales/growth & development/*physiology ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis ; Antibiosis ; Ants/*anatomy & histology/*microbiology/physiology/ultrastructure ; *Biological Evolution ; Exocrine Glands/anatomy & histology/microbiology ; Female ; Fungi/*growth & development ; Hypocreales/*growth & development ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Phylogeny ; Species Specificity ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 11
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    Evolution of metazoa and fungi (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Redecker, Dirk -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):53-4; author reply 53-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fungi/classification/genetics ; *Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Scientific conferences. U.S. caps number of AIDS researchers at Toronto meeting (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1086.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; *Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Internationality ; Ontario ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 13
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    Group competition, reproductive leveling, and the evolution of human altruism (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-13
    Beschreibung: Humans behave altruistically in natural settings and experiments. A possible explanation-that groups with more altruists survive when groups compete-has long been judged untenable on empirical grounds for most species. But there have been no empirical tests of this explanation for humans. My empirical estimates show that genetic differences between early human groups are likely to have been great enough so that lethal intergroup competition could account for the evolution of altruism. Crucial to this process were distinctive human practices such as sharing food beyond the immediate family, monogamy, and other forms of reproductive leveling. These culturally transmitted practices presuppose advanced cognitive and linguistic capacities, possibly accounting for the distinctive forms of altruism found in our species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowles, Samuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1569-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA, and Universita di Siena, 17 Piazza San Francesco, Siena, Italy. bowles@santafe.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Altruism ; Archaeology ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; *Competitive Behavior ; Cultural Evolution ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; *Group Processes ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Models, Theoretical ; Population Dynamics ; *Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Violence ; Warfare
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 14
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    A century of Alzheimer's disease (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-04
    Beschreibung: One hundred years ago a small group of psychiatrists described the abnormal protein deposits in the brain that define the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past 25 years, it has become clear that the proteins forming the deposits are central to the disease process. Amyloid-beta and tau make up the plaques and tangles of Alzheimer's disease, where these normally soluble proteins assemble into amyloid-like filaments. Tau inclusions are also found in a number of related disorders. Genetic studies have shown that dysfunction of amyloid-beta or tau is sufficient to cause dementia. The ongoing molecular dissection of the neurodegenerative pathways is expected to lead to a true understanding of disease pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goedert, Michel -- Spillantini, Maria Grazia -- G0301152/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105184291/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):777-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK. mg@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Alzheimer Disease/genetics/history/metabolism/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Mutation ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/chemistry/pathology ; Plaque, Amyloid/chemistry/pathology ; Presenilin-1/genetics/metabolism ; tau Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 15
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    Biomedical research policy. NIH lends a hand to postdocs seeking to become independent researchers (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):593.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomedical Research/*economics ; Faculty ; *Fellowships and Scholarships ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Research Personnel/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 16
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    In search of biosecurity (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Relman, David A -- Choffnes, Eileen -- Lemon, Stanley M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1835.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biomedical Research/legislation & jurisprudence ; Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; *Government Regulation ; *Information Dissemination/legislation & jurisprudence ; International Cooperation/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Security Measures/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 17
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    Regulatory science. More details sought in assessing health risks (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):161.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Environmental Health/standards ; Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity ; *Health Status Indicators ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 18
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    Emergence of drug-resistant influenza virus: population dynamical considerations (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-22
    Beschreibung: Given the considerable challenges to the rapid development of an effective vaccine against influenza, antiviral agents will play an important role as a first-line defense if a new pandemic occurs. The large-scale use of drugs for chemoprophylaxis and treatment will impose strong selection for the evolution of drug-resistant strains. The ensuing transmission of those strains could substantially limit the effectiveness of the drugs as a first-line defense. Summarizing recent data on the rate at which the treatment of influenza infection generates resistance de novo and on the transmission fitness of resistant virus, we discuss possible implications for the epidemiological spread of drug resistance in the context of an established population dynamic model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Regoes, Roland R -- Bonhoeffer, Sebastian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):389-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, ETH Zentrum CHN K12.1, Universitatsstrasse 16, CH 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetamides/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Amantadine/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Computer Simulation ; Disease Outbreaks ; *Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/*drug effects/genetics/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/*drug therapy/epidemiology/*prevention & control/virology ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Orthomyxoviridae/*drug effects/genetics/pathogenicity ; Oseltamivir ; Population Dynamics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 19
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    Cancer biomarkers--an invitation to the table (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-27
    Beschreibung: The allure of the emerging genomic technologies in cancer is their ability to generate new biomarkers that predict how individual cancer patients will respond to various treatments. However, productive implementation of cancer biomarkers into patient care will require fundamental changes in how we consider approvals for cancer indications and how we track patient responses. Here we briefly describe ongoing efforts to identify and to validate cancer biomarkers, discuss the technological hurdles that lie ahead, and then focus on the more pressing political and cultural issues that, if left unheeded, could derail many of the anticipated benefits of biomarker research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, William S -- Friend, Stephen H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1165-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA. dalton@moffitt.usf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728629" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Academies and Institutes ; *Biomarkers, Tumor ; Biotechnology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Industry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genomics ; Humans ; Intellectual Property ; Interprofessional Relations ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/genetics/*therapy ; *Patient Care Management ; Private Sector ; Proteomics ; Public Sector
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 20
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    Agriculture. A kinder, gentler Jeremy Rifkin endorses biotech, or does he? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1586-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biotechnology ; *Breeding ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics ; History, 21st Century ; Patents as Topic ; *Plants, Genetically Modified ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 21
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    U.S. science policy. Cancer institute director tapped for FDA (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 24;311(5768):1692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16556808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): History, 21st Century ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Neoplasms ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/*organization & administration
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 22
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    Retrospective. R. Bruce Merrifield (1921-2006) (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-11
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lerner, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):57.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. rlerner@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Nobel Prize ; Peptides/chemical synthesis ; Proteins/chemical synthesis ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 23
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    DNA testing. Genetic screen misses mutations in women at high risk of breast cancer (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1847.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; False Negative Reactions ; Female ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; *Genes, BRCA2 ; *Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 24
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    Cell biology. A metabolic push to proliferate (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brasaemle, Dawn L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1581-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. brasaemle@aesop.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Caveolae/metabolism ; Caveolin 1/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Glucose/administration & dosage ; Hepatocytes/cytology/*metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; *Lipid Metabolism ; *Liver Regeneration ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Phospholipids/biosynthesis ; Triglycerides/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 25
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    Funding basic agricultural research (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Danforth, William H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):223.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Agriculture ; Financing, Government ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Department of Agriculture/economics/legislation & ; jurisprudence/organization & administration
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 26
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    Environmental regulation. New particulate rules are anything but fine, say scientists (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Air Pollutants ; Government Regulation ; *Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Particle Size ; *Public Health ; *Threshold Limit Values ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*standards
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 27
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    Evolution of hormone-receptor complexity by molecular exploitation (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-08
    Beschreibung: According to Darwinian theory, complexity evolves by a stepwise process of elaboration and optimization under natural selection. Biological systems composed of tightly integrated parts seem to challenge this view, because it is not obvious how any element's function can be selected for unless the partners with which it interacts are already present. Here we demonstrate how an integrated molecular system-the specific functional interaction between the steroid hormone aldosterone and its partner the mineralocorticoid receptor-evolved by a stepwise Darwinian process. Using ancestral gene resurrection, we show that, long before the hormone evolved, the receptor's affinity for aldosterone was present as a structural by-product of its partnership with chemically similar, more ancient ligands. Introducing two amino acid changes into the ancestral sequence recapitulates the evolution of present-day receptor specificity. Our results indicate that tight interactions can evolve by molecular exploitation-recruitment of an older molecule, previously constrained for a different role, into a new functional complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bridgham, Jamie T -- Carroll, Sean M -- Thornton, Joseph W -- F32-GM074398/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):97-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aldosterone/chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Binding Sites ; Desoxycorticosterone/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Hagfishes ; Hydrocortisone/metabolism ; Lampreys ; Ligands ; Mutation ; Perciformes ; Phylogeny ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Skates (Fish)
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 28
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    Aquaculture in offshore zones (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goudey, Clifford A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1875-6; author reply 1875-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Aquaculture/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries/legislation & jurisprudence ; Oceans and Seas ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 29
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    Gene regulatory networks and the evolution of animal body plans (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Development of the animal body plan is controlled by large gene regulatory networks (GRNs), and hence evolution of body plans must depend upon change in the architecture of developmental GRNs. However, these networks are composed of diverse components that evolve at different rates and in different ways. Because of the hierarchical organization of developmental GRNs, some kinds of change affect terminal properties of the body plan such as occur in speciation, whereas others affect major aspects of body plan morphology. A notable feature of the paleontological record of animal evolution is the establishment by the Early "Cambrian of virtually all phylum-level body plans. We identify a class of GRN component, the kernels" of the network, which, because of their developmental role and their particular internal structure, are most impervious to change. Conservation of phyletic body plans may have been due to the retention since pre-Cambrian time of GRN kernels, which underlie development of major body parts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davidson, Eric H -- Erwin, Douglas H -- HD37105/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):796-800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology 156-29, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. davidson@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Biological/genetics ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning/*genetics ; Embryonic Development ; Fossils ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Regulator ; Genetic Speciation ; Morphogenesis/*genetics ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 30
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    Rice domestication by reducing shattering (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-11
    Beschreibung: Crop domestication frequently began with the selection of plants that did not naturally shed ripe fruits or seeds. The reduction in grain shattering that led to cereal domestication involved genetic loci of large effect. The molecular basis of this key domestication transition, however, remains unknown. Here we show that human selection of an amino acid substitution in the predicted DNA binding domain encoded by a gene of previously unknown function was primarily responsible for the reduction of grain shattering in rice domestication. The substitution undermined the gene function necessary for the normal development of an abscission layer that controls the separation of a grain from the pedicel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Changbao -- Zhou, Ailing -- Sang, Tao -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1936-9. Epub 2006 Mar 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; Computational Biology ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics/growth & development ; Flowers/growth & development ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Plant ; Genotype ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oryza/cytology/*genetics/growth & development ; Phenotype ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics ; Transformation, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 31
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    Ammonia channel couples glutaminase with transamidase reactions in GatCAB (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: The formation of glutaminyl transfer RNA (Gln-tRNA(Gln)) differs among the three domains of life. Most bacteria employ an indirect pathway to produce Gln-tRNA(Gln) by a heterotrimeric glutamine amidotransferase CAB (GatCAB) that acts on the misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln). Here, we describe a series of crystal structures of intact GatCAB from Staphylococcus aureus in the apo form and in the complexes with glutamine, asparagine, Mn2+, and adenosine triphosphate analog. Two identified catalytic centers for the glutaminase and transamidase reactions are markedly distant but connected by a hydrophilic ammonia channel 30 A in length. Further, we show that the first U-A base pair in the acceptor stem and the D loop of tRNA(Gln) serve as identity elements essential for discrimination by GatCAB and propose a complete model for the overall concerted reactions to synthesize Gln-tRNA(Gln).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakamura, Akiyoshi -- Yao, Min -- Chimnaronk, Sarin -- Sakai, Naoki -- Tanaka, Isao -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1954-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Advanced Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Aminoacyltransferases/metabolism ; Ammonia/*metabolism ; Apoenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Asparagine/metabolism ; Base Pairing ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Glutaminase/metabolism ; Glutamine/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Manganese/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Gln/*chemistry/metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 32
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    Extinct or possibly extinct? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-20
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, David L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 19;312(5776):997-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 33
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    Preventing HIV/AIDS in adolescents (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Jane -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control ; Adolescent ; Counseling ; Female ; Financial Support ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior ; *United Nations/economics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Long-distance dispersal of plants (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-12
    Beschreibung: Long-distance dispersal (LDD) of plants poses challenges to research because it involves rare events driven by complex and highly stochastic processes. The current surge of renewed interest in LDD, motivated by growing recognition of its critical importance for natural populations and communities and for humanity, promises an improved, quantitatively derived understanding of LDD. To gain deep insights into the patterns, mechanisms, causes, and consequences of LDD, we must look beyond the standard dispersal vectors and the mean trend of the distribution of dispersal distances. "Nonstandard" mechanisms such as extreme climatic events and generalized LDD vectors seem to hold the greatest explanatory power for the drastic deviations from the mean trend, deviations that make the nearly impossible LDD a reality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathan, Ran -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):786-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel. rnathan@cc.huji.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; *Plants ; Pollen ; Population Dynamics ; Probability ; *Seeds ; Selection, Genetic ; Stochastic Processes ; Water Movements ; *Weather ; Wind
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Selective silencing of foreign DNA with low GC content by the H-NS protein in Salmonella (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-10
    Beschreibung: Horizontal gene transfer plays a major role in microbial evolution. However, newly acquired sequences can decrease fitness unless integrated into preexisting regulatory networks. We found that the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) selectively silences horizontally acquired genes by targeting sequences with GC content lower than the resident genome. Mutations in hns are lethal in Salmonella unless accompanied by compensatory mutations in other regulatory loci. Thus, H-NS provides a previously unrecognized mechanism of bacterial defense against foreign DNA, enabling the acquisition of DNA from exogenous sources while avoiding detrimental consequences from unregulated expression of newly acquired genes. Characteristic GC/AT ratios of bacterial genomes may facilitate discrimination between a cell's own DNA and foreign DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Navarre, William Wiley -- Porwollik, Steffen -- Wang, Yipeng -- McClelland, Michael -- Rosen, Henry -- Libby, Stephen J -- Fang, Ferric C -- AI034829/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI049417/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI052237/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI057733/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI39557/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI48622/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):236-8. Epub 2006 Jun 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Base Composition ; Binding Sites ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; DNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/*genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; *Gene Silencing ; *Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genome, Bacterial ; Helicobacter pylori/genetics ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium/*genetics/physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 36
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    Support for the NIH public access policy (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogawski, Michael A -- Suber, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1572.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Access to Information ; Information Dissemination ; *Libraries, Digital ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; National Library of Medicine (U.S.) ; Peer Review, Research ; Publishing ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    alphaE-catenin controls cerebral cortical size by regulating the hedgehog signaling pathway (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-18
    Beschreibung: During development, cells monitor and adjust their rates of accumulation to produce organs of predetermined size. We show here that central nervous system-specific deletion of the essential adherens junction gene, alphaE-catenin, causes abnormal activation of the hedgehog pathway, resulting in shortening of the cell cycle, decreased apoptosis, and cortical hyperplasia. We propose that alphaE-catenin connects cell-density-dependent adherens junctions with the developmental hedgehog pathway and that this connection may provide a negative feedback loop controlling the size of developing cerebral cortex.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2556178/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2556178/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lien, Wen-Hui -- Klezovitch, Olga -- Fernandez, Tania E -- Delrow, Jeff -- Vasioukhin, Valeri -- P41 RR011823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR011823-128171/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1609-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adherens Junctions/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Count ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Polarity ; Central Nervous System/embryology ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*embryology/pathology/physiology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Hyperplasia ; Mice ; Mitosis ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/ultrastructure ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; alpha Catenin/genetics/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 38
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    Cell signaling. A new way to burn fat (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-24
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neels, Jaap G -- Olefsky, Jerrold M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1756-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0673, USA. jolefsky@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Adipocytes/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Fasting ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Insulin/physiology ; Insulin Resistance ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Lipogenesis ; Liver/metabolism ; Malonyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Obesity/therapy ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 39
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    Mouse genetics. NIH knocks out key mouse house (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1863.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks/economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Intellectual Property ; Mice ; *Mice, Knockout ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Organizations, Nonprofit/economics ; Stem Cells ; Texas ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 40
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    Difficulties for foreign scientists in coming to the United States (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉D'Elia, Christopher F -- Bradley, Gaylen -- Schmitt, Roland -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):169.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840676" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Foreign Professional Personnel ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; *Science ; *Security Measures ; Students ; Travel ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 41
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    Back to the people (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-12
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):733.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Climate ; Embryo Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; Politics ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells ; United States ; Vehicle Emissions/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 42
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    Mission creep in the IRB world (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-10
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gunsalus, C K -- Bruner, Edward M -- Burbules, Nicholas C -- Dash, Leon -- Finkin, Matthew -- Goldberg, Joseph P -- Greenough, William T -- Miller, Gregory A -- Pratt, Michael G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Ethics Committees, Research ; Forms and Records Control/legislation & jurisprudence/standards ; Government Regulation ; Human Experimentation/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards ; Humans ; Patient Advocacy/legislation & jurisprudence/standards ; Records as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 43
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    News on women's health (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):273.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Advisory Committees ; Drug Costs ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Herd ; *Mass Vaccination ; Papillomaviridae/*immunology ; Papillomavirus Infections/*prevention & control ; Religion ; United States ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*prevention & control/virology ; *Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 44
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    The molecular architecture of axonemes revealed by cryoelectron tomography (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-19
    Beschreibung: Eukaryotic flagella and cilia are built on a 9 + 2 array of microtubules plus 〉250 accessory proteins, forming a biological machine called the axoneme. Here we describe the three-dimensional structure of rapidly frozen axonemes from Chlamydomonas and sea urchin sperm, using cryoelectron tomography and image processing to focus on the motor enzyme dynein. Our images suggest a model for the way dynein generates force to slide microtubules. They also reveal two dynein linkers that may provide "hard-wiring" to coordinate motor enzyme action, both circumferentially and along the axoneme. Periodic densities were also observed inside doublet microtubules; these may contribute to doublet stability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nicastro, Daniela -- Schwartz, Cindi -- Pierson, Jason -- Gaudette, Richard -- Porter, Mary E -- McIntosh, J Richard -- 2R37-GM55667/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR 000592/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):944-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for 3D Electron Microscopy of Cells, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, CB 347, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA. nicastro@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/ultrastructure ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Dyneins/*chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Flagella/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Freezing ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Microtubules/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sea Urchins ; Sperm Tail/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Tomography
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 45
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    Cuts in Homeland Security research (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Busta, Francis -- Clarke, Neville -- Goldman, Lynn R -- Haas, Charles -- Kelen, Gabor -- Lafree, Gary -- Rose, Joan -- von Winterfeldt, Detlof -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1571.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Disasters ; Disease Outbreaks ; Financing, Government ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Security Measures ; Terrorism ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies ; Universities
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 46
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    A welcome new look (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-17
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 16;312(5780):1573.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778024" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Foreign Professional Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; International Cooperation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Technology Transfer ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 47
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    Mouse genetics. A mouse for every gene (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-01
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grimm, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1862-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Databases, Factual ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Financial Support ; Gene Targeting ; *Genes ; Genetic Techniques ; International Cooperation ; Mice ; *Mice, Knockout/genetics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patents as Topic ; Stem Cells ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Chinese gene therapy. Splicing out the West? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Jerry -- Xin, Hao -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1232-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): China ; Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; Genes, p53 ; *Genetic Therapy/standards ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*therapy ; Oncolytic Virotherapy ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Viral Vaccines/therapeutic use
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 49
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    Nick Cozzarelli (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 14;312(5771):159.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16614174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Editorial Policies ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)/*history ; Periodicals as Topic/*history ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 50
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    Stability via asynchrony in Drosophila metapopulations with low migration rates (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-22
    Beschreibung: Very few experimental studies have examined how migration rate affects metapopulation dynamics and stability. We studied the dynamics of replicate laboratory metapopulations of Drosophila under different migration rates. Low migration stabilized metapopulation dynamics, while promoting unstable subpopulation dynamics, by inducing asynchrony among neighboring subpopulations. High migration synchronized subpopulation dynamics, thereby destabilizing the metapopulations. Contrary to some theoretical predictions, increased migration did not affect average population size. Simulations based on a simple non-species-specific population growth model captured most features of the data, which suggests that our results are generalizable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dey, Sutirth -- Joshi, Amitabh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):434-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, Evolutionary & Organismal Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560 064, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 51
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    Comment on "On the regulation of populations of mammals, birds, fish, and insects" II (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-25
    Beschreibung: Sibly et al. (Reports, 22 July 2005, p. 607) recently estimated the relationship between population size and growth rate for 1780 time series of various species. I explain why some aspects of their analysis are questionable and, therefore, why their results and estimation procedure should be used with care.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, Joshua V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1100; author reply 1100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Mathematics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. jvr@maths.uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Insects ; Logistic Models ; *Mammals ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Regression Analysis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 52
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    Cell biology. Purinergic chemotaxis (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linden, Joel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1689-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. jlinden@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine/metabolism ; Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Apyrase/pharmacology ; *Autocrine Communication ; Blood Platelets/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; *Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine ; Neutrophils/drug effects/*metabolism/physiology ; Receptor, Adenosine A3/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2 ; Respiratory Burst/drug effects ; Signal Transduction
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 53
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    Salary survey (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):725.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Science Disciplines/economics ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; *Research Personnel/economics ; *Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 54
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    Genomics. Genomics and the tree of life (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rokas, Antonis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 29;313(5795):1897-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Microbial Genome Analysis and Annotation, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. arokas@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17008515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Algorithms ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Computational Biology ; Genome ; *Genomics ; *Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 55
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    A bacterial virulence protein suppresses host innate immunity to cause plant disease (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-15
    Beschreibung: Plants have evolved a powerful immune system to defend against infection by most microbial organisms. However, successful pathogens, such as Pseudomonas syringae, have developed countermeasures and inject virulence proteins into the host plant cell to suppress immunity and cause devastating diseases. Despite intensive research efforts, the molecular targets of bacterial virulence proteins that are important for plant disease development have remained obscure. Here, we show that a conserved P. syringae virulence protein, HopM1, targets an immunity-associated protein, AtMIN7, in Arabidopsis thaliana. HopM1 mediates the destruction of AtMIN7 via the host proteasome. Our results illustrate a strategy by which a bacterial pathogen exploits the host proteasome to subvert host immunity and causes infection in plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nomura, Kinya -- Debroy, Sruti -- Lee, Yong Hoon -- Pumplin, Nathan -- Jones, Jonathan -- He, Sheng Yang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):220-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): ADP-Ribosylation Factors/metabolism ; Arabidopsis/*immunology/metabolism/*microbiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Brefeldin A/pharmacology ; Glucans/metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate ; Mutation ; Plant Diseases/*microbiology ; Plant Leaves/metabolism/microbiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Pseudomonas syringae/genetics/growth & development/*pathogenicity ; Tobacco/metabolism ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Ubiquitins/metabolism ; Virulence Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 56
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    Evolutionary history of Salmonella typhi (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-25
    Beschreibung: For microbial pathogens, phylogeographic differentiation seems to be relatively common. However, the neutral population structure of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi reflects the continued existence of ubiquitous haplotypes over millennia. In contrast, clinical use of fluoroquinolones has yielded at least 15 independent gyrA mutations within a decade and stimulated clonal expansion of haplotype H58 in Asia and Africa. Yet, antibiotic-sensitive strains and haplotypes other than H58 still persist despite selection for antibiotic resistance. Neutral evolution in Typhi appears to reflect the asymptomatic carrier state, and adaptive evolution depends on the rapid transmission of phenotypic changes through acute infections.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2652035/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2652035/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roumagnac, Philippe -- Weill, Francois-Xavier -- Dolecek, Christiane -- Baker, Stephen -- Brisse, Sylvain -- Chinh, Nguyen Tran -- Le, Thi Anh Hong -- Acosta, Camilo J -- Farrar, Jeremy -- Dougan, Gordon -- Achtman, Mark -- 076962/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1301-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Infektionsbiologie, Department of Molecular Biology, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological ; Africa ; Alleles ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Asia ; *Biological Evolution ; Carrier State/*microbiology ; DNA Gyrase/genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Salmonella typhi/drug effects/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Typhoid Fever/drug therapy/*microbiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 57
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    The mevalonate pathway controls heart formation in Drosophila by isoprenylation of Ggamma1 (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-22
    Beschreibung: The early morphogenetic mechanisms involved in heart formation are evolutionarily conserved. A screen for genes that control Drosophila heart development revealed a cardiac defect in which pericardial and cardial cells dissociate, which causes loss of cardiac function and embryonic lethality. This phenotype resulted from mutations in the genes encoding HMG-CoA reductase, downstream enzymes in the mevalonate pathway, and G protein Ggamma1, which is geranylgeranylated, thus representing an end point of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Our findings reveal a cardial cell-autonomous requirement of Ggamma1 geranylgeranylation for heart formation and suggest the involvement of the mevalonate pathway in congenital heart disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yi, Peng -- Han, Zhe -- Li, Xiumin -- Olson, Eric N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 1;313(5791):1301-3. Epub 2006 Jul 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Adhesion ; Drosophila melanogaster/*embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Heart/*embryology ; Heart Defects, Congenital/etiology ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases/genetics/metabolism ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Mevalonic Acid/*metabolism ; Models, Animal ; Mutation ; Myocardium/cytology/metabolism ; Pericardium/cytology ; Protein Prenylation ; Transgenes
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 58
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    Dual infection with HIV and malaria fuels the spread of both diseases in sub-Saharan Africa (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-13
    Beschreibung: Mounting evidence has revealed pathological interactions between HIV and malaria in dually infected patients, but the public health implications of the interplay have remained unclear. A transient almost one-log elevation in HIV viral load occurs during febrile malaria episodes; in addition, susceptibility to malaria is enhanced in HIV-infected patients. A mathematical model applied to a setting in Kenya with an adult population of roughly 200,000 estimated that, since 1980, the disease interaction may have been responsible for 8,500 excess HIV infections and 980,000 excess malaria episodes. Co-infection might also have facilitated the geographic expansion of malaria in areas where HIV prevalence is high. Hence, transient and repeated increases in HIV viral load resulting from recurrent co-infection with malaria may be an important factor in promoting the spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abu-Raddad, Laith J -- Patnaik, Padmaja -- Kublin, James G -- P30 AI 27757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1603-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. laith@scharp.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adult ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Antimalarials/therapeutic use ; Disease Susceptibility ; Endemic Diseases ; Female ; HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology/transmission/virology ; HIV-1/physiology ; Humans ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology/transmission ; Male ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Sexual Behavior ; Viral Load ; Viremia ; Virus Replication
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 59
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    Tequila, a neurotrypsin ortholog, regulates long-term memory formation in Drosophila (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-12
    Beschreibung: Mutations in the human neurotrypsin gene are associated with autosomal recessive mental retardation. To further understand the pathophysiological consequences of the lack of this serine protease, we studied Tequila (Teq), the Drosophila neurotrypsin ortholog, using associative memory as a behavioral readout. We found that teq inactivation resulted in a long-term memory (LTM)-specific defect. After LTM conditioning of wild-type flies, teq expression transiently increased in the mushroom bodies. Moreover, specific inhibition of teq expression in adult mushroom bodies resulted in a reversible LTM defect. Hence, the Teq pathway is essential for information processing in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Didelot, Gerard -- Molinari, Florence -- Tchenio, Paul -- Comas, Daniel -- Milhiet, Elodie -- Munnich, Arnold -- Colleaux, Laurence -- Preat, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):851-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genes et Dynamique des Systemes de Memoire, UMR CNRS 7637, Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10 Rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Conditioning, Classical ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Learning ; *Memory ; Mifepristone/pharmacology ; Models, Animal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mushroom Bodies/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Mutation ; Odors ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 60
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    Integration of plant responses to environmentally activated phytohormonal signals (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-10
    Beschreibung: Plants live in fixed locations and survive adversity by integrating growth responses to diverse environmental signals. Here, we show that the nuclear-localized growth-repressing DELLA proteins of Arabidopsis integrate responses to independent hormonal and environmental signals of adverse conditions. The growth restraint conferred by DELLA proteins is beneficial and promotes survival. We propose that DELLAs permit flexible and appropriate modulation of plant growth in response to changes in natural environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Achard, Patrick -- Cheng, Hui -- De Grauwe, Liesbeth -- Decat, Jan -- Schoutteten, Hermien -- Moritz, Thomas -- Van Der Straeten, Dominique -- Peng, Jinrong -- Harberd, Nicholas P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):91-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Abscisic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology ; Arabidopsis/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Ethylenes/metabolism ; Flowers/growth & development ; Genes, Plant ; Gibberellins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Plant Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Plant Roots/growth & development ; *Signal Transduction ; Sodium Chloride/*pharmacology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 61
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    Animal activism and intimidation of scientists (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rowan, Andrew N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):923-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17106947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Humans ; *Research Personnel ; *Societies ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 62
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    Sequencing and analysis of Neanderthal genomic DNA (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-18
    Beschreibung: Our knowledge of Neanderthals is based on a limited number of remains and artifacts from which we must make inferences about their biology, behavior, and relationship to ourselves. Here, we describe the characterization of these extinct hominids from a new perspective, based on the development of a Neanderthal metagenomic library and its high-throughput sequencing and analysis. Several lines of evidence indicate that the 65,250 base pairs of hominid sequence so far identified in the library are of Neanderthal origin, the strongest being the ascertainment of sequence identities between Neanderthal and chimpanzee at sites where the human genomic sequence is different. These results enabled us to calculate the human-Neanderthal divergence time based on multiple randomly distributed autosomal loci. Our analyses suggest that on average the Neanderthal genomic sequence we obtained and the reference human genome sequence share a most recent common ancestor approximately 706,000 years ago, and that the human and Neanderthal ancestral populations split approximately 370,000 years ago, before the emergence of anatomically modern humans. Our finding that the Neanderthal and human genomes are at least 99.5% identical led us to develop and successfully implement a targeted method for recovering specific ancient DNA sequences from metagenomic libraries. This initial analysis of the Neanderthal genome advances our understanding of the evolutionary relationship of Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis and signifies the dawn of Neanderthal genomics.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2583069/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2583069/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noonan, James P -- Coop, Graham -- Kudaravalli, Sridhar -- Smith, Doug -- Krause, Johannes -- Alessi, Joe -- Chen, Feng -- Platt, Darren -- Paabo, Svante -- Pritchard, Jonathan K -- Rubin, Edward M -- 1-F32-GM074367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL066681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002772/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002772-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002772-1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 17;314(5802):1113-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17110569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones ; Cell Nucleus ; DNA/*genetics/isolation & purification ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; *Fossils ; Gene Pool ; Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genomic Library ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; Time
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Engineering cooperativity in biomotor-protein assemblies (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-11
    Beschreibung: A biosynthetic approach was developed to control and probe cooperativity in multiunit biomotor assemblies by linking molecular motors to artificial protein scaffolds. This approach provides precise control over spatial and elastic coupling between motors. Cooperative interactions between monomeric kinesin-1 motors attached to protein scaffolds enhance hydrolysis activity and microtubule gliding velocity. However, these interactions are not influenced by changes in the elastic properties of the scaffold, distinguishing multimotor transport from that powered by unorganized monomeric motors. These results highlight the role of supramolecular architecture in determining mechanisms of collective transport.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diehl, Michael R -- Zhang, Kechun -- Lee, Heun Jin -- Tirrell, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1468-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. diehl@rice.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Elasticity ; Elastin/chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Kinesin/chemistry ; Microtubules/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 64
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    Science education. A strategy that works: hook 'em while they're young (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-15
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Jerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):166.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840675" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): China ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Organizations, Nonprofit ; Science/*education ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 65
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    FDA centennial (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-08
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Budgets ; Drug Approval ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Legislation, Drug ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration/economics/history/organization & ; administration
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 66
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    Biochemistry. Proteins in a small world (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-23
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yeates, Todd O -- Beeby, Morgan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1882-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90024-1569, USA. yeates@mbi.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Binding Sites ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; *Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; *Protein Interaction Mapping ; Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 67
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    Increase in foreign grad students (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yeh, Robert M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):848.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Education, Graduate ; *Emigration and Immigration ; *Employment ; Humans ; *Internationality ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 68
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    Collaborative programs. Genome Consortium for Active Teaching (GCAT) (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-25
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Campbell, A Malcolm -- Eckdahl, Todd T -- Fowlks, Edison -- Heyer, Laurie J -- Mays Hoopes, Laura L -- Ledbetter, Mary Lee -- Rosenwald, Anne G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1103-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA. macampbell@davidson.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Curriculum ; Faculty ; Genomics/*education ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*education ; *Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Software ; *Teaching ; Teaching Materials ; United States ; *Universities
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 69
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    Bacterial small-molecule signaling pathways (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-25
    Beschreibung: Bacteria use diverse small molecules for extra- and intracellular signaling. They scan small-molecule mixtures to access information about both their extracellular environment and their intracellular physiological status, and based on this information, they continuously interpret their circumstances and react rapidly to changes. Bacteria must integrate extra- and intracellular signaling information to mount appropriate responses to changes in their environment. We review recent research into two fundamental bacterial small-molecule signaling pathways: extracellular quorum-sensing signaling and intracellular cyclic dinucleotide signaling. We suggest how these two pathways may converge to control complex processes including multicellularity, biofilm formation, and virulence. We also outline new questions that have arisen from recent studies in these fields.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776824/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776824/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Camilli, Andrew -- Bassler, Bonnie L -- R01 AI045746/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI045746-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1113-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111-1817, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): 4-Butyrolactone/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Cyclic GMP/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genes, Bacterial ; Homoserine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Lactones/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases/metabolism ; Purine Nucleotides/metabolism ; Quinolones/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; *Signal Transduction ; Virulence/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 70
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    Losartan, an AT1 antagonist, prevents aortic aneurysm in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-08
    Beschreibung: Aortic aneurysm and dissection are manifestations of Marfan syndrome (MFS), a disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes fibrillin-1. Selected manifestations of MFS reflect excessive signaling by the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of cytokines. We show that aortic aneurysm in a mouse model of MFS is associated with increased TGF-beta signaling and can be prevented by TGF-beta antagonists such as TGF-beta-neutralizing antibody or the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker, losartan. AT1 antagonism also partially reversed noncardiovascular manifestations of MFS, including impaired alveolar septation. These data suggest that losartan, a drug already in clinical use for hypertension, merits investigation as a therapeutic strategy for patients with MFS and has the potential to prevent the major life-threatening manifestation of this disorder.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1482474/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1482474/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Habashi, Jennifer P -- Judge, Daniel P -- Holm, Tammy M -- Cohn, Ronald D -- Loeys, Bart L -- Cooper, Timothy K -- Myers, Loretha -- Klein, Erin C -- Liu, Guosheng -- Calvi, Carla -- Podowski, Megan -- Neptune, Enid R -- Halushka, Marc K -- Bedja, Djahida -- Gabrielson, Kathleen -- Rifkin, Daniel B -- Carta, Luca -- Ramirez, Francesco -- Huso, David L -- Dietz, Harry C -- K08 HL067056/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 7;312(5770):117-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Aorta/pathology ; Aortic Aneurysm/etiology/*prevention & control ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Elastic Tissue/pathology ; Female ; Losartan/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Lung/pathology ; Lung Diseases/drug therapy/pathology ; Marfan Syndrome/complications/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Microfilament Proteins/genetics ; Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy ; Propranolol/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Neuroscience. Neuron, know thy neighbor (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiCicco-Bloom, Emanuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1560-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology/Pediatrics (Neurology), University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. diciccem@umdnj.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adherens Junctions/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Brain/cytology/*embryology ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Count ; Cell Death ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Central Nervous System/cytology/embryology ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Hyperplasia ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; alpha Catenin/genetics/*physiology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    An aegialodontid upper molar and the evolution of mammal dentition (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-26
    Beschreibung: The most obvious key synapomorphy of the therian mammals is the tribosphenic pattern of their molars. Tribosphenic teeth are capable of both shearing and grinding, which substantially increase effectiveness of food processing and, in turn, permit evolution of a wide range of dietary specializations. Functional tribospheny developed repeatedly during mammalian evolution but was successful only in the Boreosphenida. The earliest stage in the development of boreosphenidan tribospheny has remained poorly understood, being documented only by lower molars of aegialodontids. Here, we report a known upper molar of an aegialodontid mammal, Kielantherium, from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lopatin, Alexey V -- Averianov, Alexander O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1092.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsojuznaya ul. 123, Moscow 117997, Russia. alopat@paleo.ru〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931755" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Dentition ; History, Ancient ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology ; Molar/*anatomy & histology ; Mongolia ; Paleodontology
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 73
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    Science and government. Enhanced: in defense of NCCAM (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Straus, Stephen E -- Chesney, Margaret A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):303-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Advisory Committees ; *Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; *Complementary Therapies/standards/utilization ; Dietary Supplements/standards ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/*organization & administration ; Peer Review, Research ; Politics ; Public Policy ; Quality Control ; Research Design ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Five rules for the evolution of cooperation (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-13
    Beschreibung: Cooperation is needed for evolution to construct new levels of organization. Genomes, cells, multicellular organisms, social insects, and human society are all based on cooperation. Cooperation means that selfish replicators forgo some of their reproductive potential to help one another. But natural selection implies competition and therefore opposes cooperation unless a specific mechanism is at work. Here I discuss five mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation: kin selection, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, network reciprocity, and group selection. For each mechanism, a simple rule is derived that specifies whether natural selection can lead to cooperation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3279745/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3279745/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nowak, Martin A -- 1R01GM078986-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078986/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078986-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1560-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, and Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. martin_nowak@harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Evolution ; Community Networks ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Family ; Game Theory ; Helping Behavior ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Selection, Genetic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    The high cost of coming to America (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-05-06
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teich, Al -- White, Wendy D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):657.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675666" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; *Foreign Professional Personnel ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; *Security Measures ; *Students ; Travel ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Origins of HIV and the evolution of resistance to AIDS (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-29
    Beschreibung: The cross-species transmission of lentiviruses from African primates to humans has selected viral adaptations which have subsequently facilitated human-to-human transmission. HIV adapts not only by positive selection through mutation but also by recombination of segments of its genome in individuals who become multiply infected. Naturally infected nonhuman primates are relatively resistant to AIDS-like disease despite high plasma viral loads and sustained viral evolution. Further understanding of host resistance factors and the mechanisms of disease in natural primate hosts may provide insight into unexplored therapeutic avenues for the prevention of AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heeney, Jonathan L -- Dalgleish, Angus G -- Weiss, Robin A -- G8712499/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P01 A148225-01A2/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):462-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk 2280 GH, Netherlands. heeney@bprc.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/transmission/*virology ; Africa ; Animals ; Disease Progression ; Disease Reservoirs ; *Evolution, Molecular ; HIV Infections/immunology/transmission/virology ; HIV-1/classification/*genetics/physiology ; HIV-2/genetics ; HLA Antigens/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Mutation ; Pan troglodytes/virology ; Primates/virology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 77
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    An equivalence principle for the incorporation of favorable mutations in asexual populations (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-18
    Beschreibung: Rapid evolution of asexual populations, such as that of cancer cells or of microorganisms developing drug resistance, can include the simultaneous spread of distinct beneficial mutations. We demonstrate that evolution in such cases is driven by the fitness effects and appearance times of only a small minority of favorable mutations. The complexity of the mutation-selection process is thereby greatly reduced, and much of the evolutionary dynamics can be encapsulated in two parameters-an effective selection coefficient and effective rate of beneficial mutations. We confirm this theoretical finding and estimate the effective parameters for evolving populations of fluorescently labeled Escherichia coli. The effective parameters constitute a simple description and provide a natural standard for comparing adaptation between species and across environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hegreness, Matthew -- Shoresh, Noam -- Hartl, Daniel -- Kishony, Roy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1615-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bauer Center for Genomics Research, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Biological ; Bacterial Proteins/analysis/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/*physiology ; Genetics, Population ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/analysis/genetics ; Luminescent Proteins/analysis/genetics ; Mathematics ; Models, Genetic ; *Mutation
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 78
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    A bacterial protein enhances the release and efficacy of liposomal cancer drugs (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-25
    Beschreibung: Clostridium novyi-NT is an anaerobic bacterium that can infect hypoxic regions within experimental tumors. Because C. novyi-NT lyses red blood cells, we hypothesized that its membrane-disrupting properties could be exploited to enhance the release of liposome-encapsulated drugs within tumors. Here, we show that treatment of mice bearing large, established tumors with C. novyi-NT plus a single dose of liposomal doxorubicin often led to eradication of the tumors. The bacterial factor responsible for the enhanced drug release was identified as a previously unrecognized protein termed liposomase. This protein could potentially be incorporated into diverse experimental approaches for the specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheong, Ian -- Huang, Xin -- Bettegowda, Chetan -- Diaz, Luis A Jr -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Zhou, Shibin -- Vogelstein, Bert -- CA062924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1308-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Camptothecin/administration & dosage/analogs & ; derivatives/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cloning, Molecular ; Clostridium/*chemistry/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Doxorubicin/*administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Drug Carriers ; Humans ; Lipase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Liposomes/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 79
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    Large-scale sequence analysis of avian influenza isolates (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-28
    Beschreibung: The spread of H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) from China to Europe has raised global concern about their potential to infect humans and cause a pandemic. In spite of their substantial threat to human health, remarkably little AIV whole-genome information is available. We report here a preliminary analysis of the first large-scale sequencing of AIVs, including 2196 AIV genes and 169 complete genomes. We combine this new information with public AIV data to identify new gene alleles, persistent genotypes, compensatory mutations, and a potential virulence determinant.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Obenauer, John C -- Denson, Jackie -- Mehta, Perdeep K -- Su, Xiaoping -- Mukatira, Suraj -- Finkelstein, David B -- Xu, Xiequn -- Wang, Jinhua -- Ma, Jing -- Fan, Yiping -- Rakestraw, Karen M -- Webster, Robert G -- Hoffmann, Erich -- Krauss, Scott -- Zheng, Jie -- Zhang, Ziwei -- Naeve, Clayton W -- AI95357/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM061739/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM069916/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1576-80. Epub 2006 Jan 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Birds/virology ; Computational Biology ; *Genes, Viral ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/chemistry/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H7N7 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A virus/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/virology ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Virulence Factors/*chemistry/genetics
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 80
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    Declines in funding of NIH R01 research grants (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mandel, H George -- Vesell, Elliot S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1387-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16959989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomedical Research/*economics/statistics & numerical data ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/statistics & numerical data ; Research Support as Topic/*statistics & numerical data ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 81
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    ATM engages autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 after DNA damage (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-08-26
    Beschreibung: The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is a critical component of a DNA-damage response network configured to maintain genomic integrity. The abundance of an essential downstream effecter of this pathway, the tumor suppressor protein p53, is tightly regulated by controlled degradation through COP1 and other E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as MDM2 and Pirh2; however, the signal transduction pathway that regulates the COP1-p53 axis following DNA damage remains enigmatic. We observed that in response to DNA damage, ATM phosphorylated COP1 on Ser(387) and stimulated a rapid autodegradation mechanism. Ionizing radiation triggered an ATM-dependent movement of COP1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and ATM-dependent phosphorylation of COP1 on Ser(387) was both necessary and sufficient to disrupt the COP1-p53 complex and subsequently to abrogate the ubiquitination and degradation of p53. Furthermore, phosphorylation of COP1 on Ser(387) was required to permit p53 to become stabilized and to exert its tumor suppressor properties in response to DNA damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dornan, David -- Shimizu, Harumi -- Mah, Angie -- Dudhela, Tanay -- Eby, Michael -- O'rourke, Karen -- Seshagiri, Somasekar -- Dixit, Vishva M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 25;313(5790):1122-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; Etoposide/pharmacology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/*metabolism
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 82
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    Electric fields at the active site of an enzyme: direct comparison of experiment with theory (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-15
    Beschreibung: The electric fields produced in folded proteins influence nearly every aspect of protein function. We present a vibrational spectroscopy technique that measures changes in electric field at a specific site of a protein as shifts in frequency (Stark shifts) of a calibrated nitrile vibration. A nitrile-containing inhibitor is used to deliver a unique probe vibration to the active site of human aldose reductase, and the response of the nitrile stretch frequency is measured for a series of mutations in the enzyme active site. These shifts yield quantitative information on electric fields that can be directly compared with electrostatics calculations. We show that extensive molecular dynamics simulations and ensemble averaging are required to reproduce the observed changes in field.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suydam, Ian T -- Snow, Christopher D -- Pande, Vijay S -- Boxer, Steven G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):200-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Aldehyde Reductase/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Circular Dichroism ; Computer Simulation ; *Electricity ; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Nitriles/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Spectrum Analysis ; Static Electricity
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 83
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    Comment on "A keystone mutualism drives pattern in a power function" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-23
    Beschreibung: Vandermeer and Perfecto (Reports, 17 February 2006, p. 1000) reported a general power law pattern in the distribution of a common agricultural pest. However, there is an exact analytical solution for the expected cluster distribution under the proposed null model of density-independent growth in a patchy landscape. Reanalysis of the data shows that the system is not in a critical state but confirms the importance of a mutualism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alonso, David -- Pascual, Mercedes -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1739; author reply 1739.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA. dalonso@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; *Coffea ; *Ecosystem ; Hemiptera/*physiology ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Growth ; Probability ; *Symbiosis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 84
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    Cost-benefit analysis of the RFA (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dovichi, Norman J -- Soper, Steven A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1682.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/organization & administration ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 85
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    Salary survey. U.S. life scientists report rising salaries and high job satisfaction (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-11-04
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Austin, Jim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):842-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Science Disciplines/economics ; Career Mobility ; Data Collection ; *Faculty ; Humans ; Industry ; *Job Satisfaction ; Mentors ; *Research Personnel/economics ; *Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; United States ; Universities
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 86
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    Evolution. Fossil record reveals tropics as cradle and museum (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Charles R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):66-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. cmarshal@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bivalvia/anatomy & histology/classification ; *Fossils ; Geography ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; *Tropical Climate
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 87
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    How and when was wild wheat domesticated? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-27
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hartmann, Anat -- Kislev, Mordechai E -- Weiss, Ehud -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):296; author reply 296-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16869032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture/*history ; Archaeology ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics/growth & development/*history ; Edible Grain/genetics/growth & development/history ; History, Ancient ; Hordeum/genetics/growth & development/history ; Mutation ; Time ; Triticum/genetics/growth & development/*history
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 88
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    Genetics. Seeing a 'plot,' deCODE sues to block a DNA research center (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-10-07
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Academies and Institutes/legislation & jurisprudence ; Child ; Child Welfare ; Databases, Nucleic Acid/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Genetic Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Genetics, Medical ; Hospitals, Pediatric/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Iceland ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 89
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    Checkpoint proteins control survival of the postmitotic cells in Caenorhabditis elegans (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-03
    Beschreibung: Checkpoints are evolutionarily conserved signaling mechanisms that arrest cell division and alter cellular stress resistance in response to DNA damage or stalled replication forks. To study the consequences of loss of checkpoint functions in whole animals, checkpoint genes were inactivated in the nematode C. elegans. We show that checkpoint proteins are not only essential for normal development but also determine adult somatic maintenance. Checkpoint proteins play a role in the survival of postmitotic adult cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2568993/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2568993/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olsen, Anders -- Vantipalli, Maithili C -- Lithgow, Gordon J -- AG21069/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG22868/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS050789-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG021069/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG021069-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG022868/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG022868-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1381-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Buck Institute, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Survival ; Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics ; Mitosis/genetics/*physiology ; Mutation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 90
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    Evolution. Darwin for all seasons (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-22
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szathmary, Eors -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):306-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biology, Eotvos University Budapest, and Collegium Budapest (Institute for Advanced Study), 2 Szentharomsag utca, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary. szathmary@colbud.hu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Biological Evolution ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Computational Biology ; Cooperative Behavior ; Cultural Evolution ; Exobiology ; Humans ; Language ; Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; Molecular Biology ; Origin of Life ; *Research ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 91
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    Paleobiology. Revised numbers quicken the pace of rebound from mass extinctions (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-18
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 17;311(5763):931.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484458" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; *Paleontology ; Regression Analysis ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 92
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    Arms control. Little progress at bioweapons talks (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-16
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1673.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biological Warfare/*prevention & control ; Developing Countries ; European Union ; *International Cooperation ; Technology Transfer ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 93
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    Clonal adaptive radiation in a constant environment (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-07-11
    Beschreibung: The evolution of new combinations of bacterial properties contributes to biodiversity and the emergence of new diseases. We investigated the capacity for bacterial divergence with a chemostat culture of Escherichia coli. A clonal population radiated into more than five phenotypic clusters within 26 days, with multiple variations in global regulation, metabolic strategies, surface properties, and nutrient permeability pathways. Most isolates belonged to a single ecotype, and neither periodic selection events nor ecological competition for a single niche prevented an adaptive radiation with a single resource. The multidirectional exploration of fitness space is an underestimated ingredient to bacterial success even in unstructured environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maharjan, Ram -- Seeto, Shona -- Notley-McRobb, Lucinda -- Ferenci, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):514-7. Epub 2006 Jul 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Culture Media ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Escherichia coli/classification/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; *Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Glucose/metabolism ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; Surface Properties
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 94
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    Peer review and new investigators (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taffe, Michael A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):775.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; *Peer Review, Research/standards ; *Research Personnel ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 95
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    Research and development. Where is the new science in corporate R&D? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thursby, Jerry -- Thursby, Marie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1547-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. marie.thursby@mgt.gatech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): China ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Developed Countries/statistics & numerical data ; *Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data ; Europe ; India ; *Industry/statistics & numerical data ; Marketing ; Patents as Topic ; Regression Analysis ; *Research ; Research Personnel/statistics & numerical data ; United States ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 96
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    Avian influenza. Donors draw plans to disburse $2 billion war chest for bird flu (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-28
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- Yidong, Gong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):456-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439634" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Birds ; Developing Countries/*economics ; Disease Outbreaks/*economics/prevention & control ; European Union ; *Financial Support ; Humans ; Immunization Programs/economics ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & purification ; Influenza in Birds/*economics/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy/*economics/epidemiology/prevention & control ; International Cooperation ; United Nations ; United States ; Vaccination/veterinary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 97
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    GE Prize-winning essay. The emergence of cells during the origin of life (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-13
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Irene A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1558-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Health Sciences and Technology at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ichen@post.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Awards and Prizes ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cells ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lipid Bilayers ; *Liposomes/chemistry ; Models, Biological ; *Origin of Life ; Osmotic Pressure ; *Rna ; RNA, Catalytic
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    Science and law. When patents threaten science (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-12-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andrews, Lori -- Paradise, Jordan -- Holbrook, Timothy -- Bochneak, Danielle -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1395-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Science, Law, and Technology, Chicago-Kent College of Law, Chicago, IL 60661, USA. landrews@kentlaw.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Mathematics ; *Nature ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Public Policy ; *Science ; United States
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    How fast was wild wheat domesticated? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-01
    Beschreibung: Prehistoric cultivation of wild wheat in the Fertile Crescent led to the selection of mutants with indehiscent (nonshattering) ears, which evolved into modern domestic wheat. Previous estimates suggested that this transformation was rapid, but our analyses of archaeological plant remains demonstrate that indehiscent domesticates were slow to appear, emerging approximately 9500 years before the present, and that dehiscent (shattering) forms were still common in cultivated fields approximately 7500 years before the present. Slow domestication implies that after cultivation began, wild cereals may have remained unchanged for a long period, supporting claims that agriculture originated in the Near East approximately 10,500 years before the present.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tanno, Ken-Ichi -- Willcox, George -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1886.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Takashima 335, Kamigyo, 602-0878 Kyoto, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture/*history ; *Archaeology ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics/growth & development/*history ; History, Ancient ; Mutation ; Time ; Triticum/genetics/growth & development/*history ; Turkey
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    Cold-seep mollusks are older than the general marine mollusk fauna (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-09-09
    Beschreibung: The origin and possible antiquity of faunas at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and seeps have been debated since their discovery. We used the fossil record of seep mollusks to show that the living seep genera have significantly longer geologic ranges than the marine mollusks in general, but have ranges similar to those of deep-sea taxa, suggesting that seep faunas may be shaped by the factors that drive the evolution of life in the deep sea in general. Our data indicate that deep-sea anoxic/dysoxic events did not affect seep faunas, casting doubt on the suggested anoxic nature and/or global extent of these events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiel, Steffen -- Little, Crispin T S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 8;313(5792):1429-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. steffen.kiel@gmx.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16960004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bivalvia/classification/physiology ; Cold Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Gastropoda/classification/physiology ; *Mollusca/classification/physiology ; Polyplacophora/classification/physiology ; *Seawater ; Symbiosis
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    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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