ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

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An Intercomparison of Precipitable Water Vapor Measurements Obtained During the ECOWAR Field Campaign (2009)

Fiorucci, I. ; Muscari, G. ; Bianchi, C. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-14

Beschreibung: In this study we present an intercomparison of measurements of very low water vapor column content obtained with a Ground-Based Millimeter-wave Spectrometer (GBMS), Vaisala RS92k radiosondes, a Raman Lidar, and an IR Fourier Transform Spectrometer. These sets of measurements were carried out during the primary field campaign of the ECOWAR (Earth COoling by WAter vapor Radiation) project which took place on the Western Italian Alps from 3 to 16 March, 2007.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 135-138

Beschreibung: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale

Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR

Beschreibung: open

Schlagwort(e): Precipitable Water Vapor ; ECOWAR ; IR and Millimeter-Wave Spectroscopy ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.01. Composition and Structure ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: article

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2

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Empirical H/V spectral ratios estimated in two deep sedimentary basins using microseisms recorded by short-period seismometers (2009)

Bindi, D. ; Marzorati, S. ; Parolai, S. ; [weitere]

Wiley-Blackwell

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Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-22

Beschreibung: In this work, we analyse continuous measurements of microseisms to assess the reliability of the fundamental resonance frequency estimated by means of the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio within the 0.1–1 Hz frequency range, using short-period sensors (natural period of 1 s). We apply the H/V technique to recordings of stations installed in two alluvial basins with different sedimentary cover thicknesses—the Lower Rhine Embayment (Germany) and the Gubbio Plain (Central Italy). The spectral ratios are estimated over the time–frequency domain, and we discuss the reliability of the results considering both the variability of the microseism activity and the amplitude of the instrumental noise. We show that microseisms measured by short period sensors allow the retrieval of fundamental resonance frequencies greater than about 0.1–0.2 Hz, with this lower frequency bound depending on the relative amplitude of themicroseism signal and the self-noise of the instruments. In particular,we show an examplewhere the considered short-period sensor is connected to instruments characterized by an instrumental noise level which allows detecting only fundamental frequencies greater than about 0.4 Hz. Since the frequency at which the peak of the H/V spectral ratio is biased depends upon the seismic signal-to-instrument noise ratio, the power spectral amplitude of instrumental self-noise should be always considered when interpreting the frequency of the peak as the fundamental resonance frequency of the investigated site.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 175-184

Beschreibung: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: open

Schlagwort(e): site effects ; fourier analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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3

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A smoothed stochastic earthquake rate model considering seismicity and fault moment release for Europe (2014)

Hiemer, S. ; Woessner, J. ; Basili, R. ; [weitere]

Wiley-Blackwell

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Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-15

Beschreibung: We present a time-independent gridded earthquake rate forecast for the European region including Turkey. The spatial component of our model is based on kernel density estimation techniques, which we applied to both past earthquake locations and fault moment release on mapped crustal faults and subduction zone interfaces with assigned slip rates. Our forecast relies on the assumption that the locations of past seismicity is a good guide to future seismicity, and that future large-magnitude events occur more likely in the vicinity of known faults. We show that the optimal weighted sum of the corresponding two spatial densities depends on the magnitude range considered. The kernel bandwidths and density weighting function are optimized using retrospective likelihood-based forecast experiments. We computed earthquake activity rates (a- and b-value) of the truncated Gutenberg–Richter distribution separately for crustal and subduction seismicity based on a maximum likelihood approach that considers the spatial and temporal completeness history of the catalogue. The ﬁnal annual rate of our forecast is purely driven by the maximum likelihood ﬁt of activity rates to the catalogue data, whereas its spatial component incorporates contributions from both earthquake and fault moment-rate densities. Our model constitutes one branch of the earthquake source model logic tree of the 2013 European seismic hazard model released by the EU-FP7 project ‘Seismic HAzard haRmonization in Europe’ (SHARE) and contributes to the assessment of epistemic uncertainties in earthquake activity rates. We performed retrospective and pseudo-prospective likelihood consistency tests to underline the reliability of our model and SHARE’s area source model (ASM) using the testing algorithms applied in the collaboratory for the study of earthquake predictability (CSEP). We comparatively tested our model’s forecasting skill against the ASM and ﬁnd a statistically signiﬁcant better performance for testing periods of 10–20 yr. The testing results suggest that our model is a viable candidate model to serve for long-term forecasting on timescales of years to decades for the European region.

Beschreibung: EC-Research FP7-projects, SHARE, under grant agreement No. 226967 and NERA, under grant agreement No. 262330

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1159-1172

Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva

Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Probabilistic forecasting ; Statistical seismology ; Europe ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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4

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Climate warming during Antarctic ice sheet expansion at the Middle Miocene transition (2014)

Knorr, Gregor ; Lohmann, Gerrit

Nature Publishing Group

In: EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Nature Publishing Group, 7(5), pp. 376-381, ISSN: 1752-0894

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-14

Beschreibung: During the Middle Miocene climate transition about 14 million years ago, the Antarctic ice sheet expanded to near-modern volume. Surprisingly, this ice sheet growth was accompanied by a warming in the surface waters of the Southern Ocean, whereas a slight deep-water temperature increase was delayed by more than 200 thousand years. Here we use a coupled atmosphere–ocean model to assess the relative effects of changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and ice sheet growth on regional and global temperatures. In the simulations, changes in the wind field associated with the growth of the ice sheet induce changes in ocean circulation, deep-water formation and sea-ice cover that result in sea surface warming and deep-water cooling in large swaths of the Atlantic and Indian ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean. We interpret these changes as the dominant ocean surface response to a 100-thousand-year phase of massive ice growth in Antarctica. A rise in global annual mean temperatures is also seen in response to increased Antarctic ice surface elevation. In contrast, the longer-term surface and deep-water temperature trends are dominated by changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration. We therefore conclude that the climatic and oceanographic impacts of the Miocene expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet are governed by a complex interplay between wind field, ocean circulation and the sea-ice system.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Materialart: Article , isiRev

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5

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A shift of thermokarst lakes from carbon sources to sinks during the Holocene epoch (2014)

Walter Anthony, K. M. ; Zimov, S. A. ; Grosse, Guido ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

In: EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, ISSN: 0028-0836

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-17

Beschreibung: Thermokarst lakes formed across vast regions of Siberia and Alaska during the last deglaciation and are thought to be a net source of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide during the Holocene epoch1, 2, 3, 4. However, the same thermokarst lakes can also sequester carbon5, and it remains uncertain whether carbon uptake by thermokarst lakes can offset their greenhouse gas emissions. Here we use field observations of Siberian permafrost exposures, radiocarbon dating and spatial analyses to quantify Holocene carbon stocks and fluxes in lake sediments overlying thawed Pleistocene-aged permafrost. We find that carbon accumulation in deep thermokarst-lake sediments since the last deglaciation is about 1.6 times larger than the mass of Pleistocene-aged permafrost carbon released as greenhouse gases when the lakes first formed. Although methane and carbon dioxide emissions following thaw lead to immediate radiative warming, carbon uptake in peat-rich sediments occurs over millennial timescales. We assess thermokarst-lake carbon feedbacks to climate with an atmospheric perturbation model and find that thermokarst basins switched from a net radiative warming to a net cooling climate effect about 5,000 years ago. High rates of Holocene carbon accumulation in 20 lake sediments (47 ± 10 grams of carbon per square metre per year; mean ± standard error) were driven by thermokarst erosion and deposition of terrestrial organic matter, by nutrient release from thawing permafrost that stimulated lake productivity and by slow decomposition in cold, anoxic lake bottoms. When lakes eventually drained, permafrost formation rapidly sequestered sediment carbon. Our estimate of about 160 petagrams of Holocene organic carbon in deep lake basins of Siberia and Alaska increases the circumpolar peat carbon pool estimate for permafrost regions by over 50 per cent (ref. 6). The carbon in perennially frozen drained lake sediments may become vulnerable to mineralization as permafrost disappears7, 8, 9, potentially negating the climate stabilization provided by thermokarst lakes during the late Holocene.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Materialart: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article

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6

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Abrupt glacial climate shifts controlled by ice sheet changes (2014)

Zhang, Xu ; Lohmann, Gerrit ; Knorr, Gregor ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

In: EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 512(7514), pp. 290-294, ISSN: 0028-0836

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-04

Beschreibung: During glacial periods of the Late Pleistocene, an abundance of proxy data demonstrates the existence of large and repeated millennial-scale warming episodes, known as Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events1. This ubiquitous feature of rapid glacial climate change can be extended back as far as 800,000 years before present (BP) in the ice core record2, and has drawn broad attention within the science and policy-making communities alike3. Many studies have been dedicated to investigating the underlying causes of these changes, but no coherent mechanism has yet been identified3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Here we show, by using a comprehensive fully coupled model16, that gradual changes in the height of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (NHISs) can alter the coupled atmosphere–ocean system and cause rapid glacial climate shifts closely resembling DO events. The simulated global climate responses—including abrupt warming in the North Atlantic, a northward shift of the tropical rainbelts, and Southern Hemisphere cooling related to the bipolar seesaw—are generally consistent with empirical evidence1, 3, 17. As a result of the coexistence of two glacial ocean circulation states at intermediate heights of the ice sheets, minor changes in the height of the NHISs and the amount of atmospheric CO2 can trigger the rapid climate transitions via a local positive atmosphere–ocean–sea-ice feedback in the North Atlantic. Our results, although based on a single model, thus provide a coherent concept for understanding the recorded millennial-scale variability and abrupt climate changes in the coupled atmosphere–ocean system, as well as their linkages to the volume of the intermediate ice sheets during glacials.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Materialart: Article , isiRev

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7

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The fate of microplastics in the marine isopod Idotea emarginata (2014)

Hämer, Julia ; Gutow, Lars ; Köhler, Angela ; [weitere]

American Chemical Society

In: EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society, 48, pp. 13451-13458, ISSN: 0013-936X

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-21

Beschreibung: Plastic pollution is an emerging global threat for marine wildlife. Many species of birds, reptiles and fishes are directly impaired by plastics as they can get entangled in ropes and drown or they can ingest plastic fragments which, in turn, may clog their stomachs and guts. Microplastics of less than 1 mm can be ingested by small invertebrates but their fate in the digestive organs and their effects on the animals are yet not well understood. We embedded fluorescent microplastics in artificial agarose-based food and offered the food to marine isopods, Idotea emarginata. The isopods did not distinguish between food with and food without microplastics. Upon ingestion, the microplastics were present in the stomach and in the gut but not in the tubules of the midgut gland which is the principal organ of enzyme-secretion and nutrient resorption. The feces contained the same concentration of micro-plastics as the food which indicates that no accumulation of microplastics happens during the gut passage. Long-term bioassays of six weeks showed no distinct effects of continu¬ous micro-plastic consumption on mortality, growth, and intermolt duration. I. emarginata are able to prevent intrusion of particles even smaller than 1 µm into the midgut gland which is facilitated by the complex structure of the stomach including a fine filter system. It separates the midgut gland tubules from the stomach and allows only the passage of fluids and chyme. Our results indicate that micro¬plastics, as administered in the experi¬ments, do not clog the digestive organs of isopods and do not have adverse effects on their life history parameters.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Materialart: Article , isiRev

Format: application/pdf

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8

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Gas hazard assessment at the Monticchio Mt. Vulture, a volcano in Southern Italy (2009)

Caracausi, A. ; Nuccio, P. M. ; Favara, R. ; [weitere]

Wiley-Blackwell

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Geochemical investigations have shown that there is a considerable inflow of gas into both crater lakes of Monticchio, Southern Italy. These lakes are located in two maars that formed 140 000 years ago during Mt. Vulture volcano s last eruptive activity. Isotopic analyses suggest that CO2 and helium are of magmatic origin; the latter displays 3He ⁄ 4He isotope ratios similar to those measured in olivines of the maar ejecta. In spite of the fact that the amount of dissolved gases in the water is less than that found in Lake Nyos (Cameroon), both the results obtained and the historical reports studied indicate that these crater lakes could be highly hazardous sites, even though they are located in a region currently considered inactive. This could be of special significance in very popular tourist areas such as the Monticchio lakes, which are visited by about 30 000 people throughout the summer, for the most part on Sundays.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 83-87

Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: reserved

Schlagwort(e): volcanic gases ; gas hazard ; crater lakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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9

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Seismic moment tensors of the April 2009, L’Aquila (Central Italy), (2009)

Pondrelli, S. ; Salimbeni, S. ; Morelli, A. ; [weitere]

Wiley-Blackwell

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: On 2009 April 6, the Central Apennines were hit by an Mw = 6.3 earthquake. The region had been shaken since 2008 October by seismic activity that culminated in two foreshocks with Mw 〉 4, 1 week and a few hours before the main shock. We computed seismic moment tensors for 26 events with Mw between 3.9 and 6.3, using the Regional Centroid Moment Tensor (RCMT) scheme. Most of these source parameters have been computed within 1 hr after the earthquake and rapidly revised successively. The focal mechanisms are all extensional, with a variable and sometimes significant strike-slip component. This geometry agrees with the NE–SW extensional deformation of the Apennines, known from previous seismic and geodetic observations. Events group into three clusters. Those located in the southern area have larger centroid depths and a wider distribution of T-axis directions. These differences suggest that towards south a different fault systemwas activated with respect to the SW-dipping normal faults beneath L’Aquila and more to the north.

Beschreibung: In press

Beschreibung: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: open

Schlagwort(e): moment tensor ; seismotectonics ; L'Aquila ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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10

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The Mw 6.3, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake: source, path and site effects from spectral analysis of strong motion data (2009)

Bindi, D. ; Pacor, F. ; Luzi, L. ; [weitere]

Wiley-Blackwell

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: The strong motion data of 2009 April 6 L’Aquila (Central Italy) earthquake (Mw = 6.3) and of 12 aftershocks (4.1 ≤ Mw ≤ 5.6) recorded by 56 stations of the Italian strong motion network are spectrally analysed to estimate the source parameters, the seismic attenuation, and the site amplification effects. The obtained source spectra for S wave have stress drop values ranging from 2.4 to 16.8 MPa, being the stress drop of the main shock equal to 9.2 MPa. The spectral curves describing the attenuation with distance show the presence of shoulders and bumps, mainly around 50 and 150 km, as consequence of significant reflected and refracted arrivals from crustal interfaces. The attenuation in the first 50 km is well described by a quality factor equal to Q( f ) = 59 f 0.56 obtained by fixing the geometrical spreading exponent to 1. Finally, the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio provides unreliable estimates of local site effects for those stations showing large amplifications over the vertical component of motion.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1573–1579

Beschreibung: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: open

Schlagwort(e): Generalized inversion ; strong-motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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11

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Volcanic hot spot detection from optical multispectral remote sensing data using artificial neural networks (2014)

Piscini, A. ; Lombardo, V.

Wiley-Blackwell

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: This paper describes an application of artiﬁcial neural networks for the recognition of volcanic lava ﬂow hot spots using remote sensing data. Satellite remote sensing is a very effective and safe way to monitor volcanic eruptions in order to safeguard the environment and the people affected by such natural hazards. Neural networks are an effective and well-established technique for the classiﬁcation of satellite images. In addition, once well trained, they prove to be very fast in the application stage. In our study a back propagation neural network was used for the recognition of thermal anomalies affecting hot lava pixels. The network was trained using the three thermal channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor as inputs and the corre- sponding values of heat ﬂux, estimated using a two thermal component model, as reference outputs. As a case study the volcano Etna (Eastern Sicily, Italy) was chosen, and in particular the effusive eruption which took place during the month of 2006 July. The neural network was trained with a time-series of 15 images (12 nighttime images and 3 daytime images) and validated on three independent data sets of AVHRR images of the same eruption and on two relative to an eruption occurred the following month. While for both nighttime and daytime validation images the neural network identiﬁed the image pixels affected by hot lava with a 100 per cent success rate, for the daytime images also adjacent pixels were included, apparently not interested by lava ﬂow. Despite these performance differences under different illumination conditions, the proposed method can be considered effective both in terms of classiﬁcation accuracy and generalization capability. In particular our approach proved to be robust in the rejection of false positives, often corresponding to noisy or cloudy pixels, whose presence in multispectral images can often undermine the performance of traditional classiﬁcation algorithms. Future work shall address application of the proposed method to data acquired with a high temporal resolution, such as those provided by the spinning enhanced visible and infrared imager sensor on board the Meteosat second generation geostationary satellite.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1525-1535

Beschreibung: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Image processing ; Neural networks ; fuzzy logic ; Remote sensing of volcanoes ; Hot-spot detection ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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12

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Decarbonation and thermal microcracking under magmatic P-T-fCO2 conditions: the role of skarn substrata in promoting volcanic instability (2014)

Mollo, S. ; Heap, M. J. ; Dingwell, D. B. ; [weitere]

Wiley-Blackwell

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: We present a systematic study on the influence of pressure (0.1–600 MPa), temperature (750– 1200 ◦C), carbon dioxide fugacity (logfCO2 = −4.41 to 3.60) and time (2–12 hr) on the chemical and physical properties of carbonate rock. Our experiments aim to reproduce the conditions at the periphery of magma chamber where carbonate host rock is influenced by, but not readily assimilated by, magma. This permits the investigation of the natural conditions at which circulating fluids/gases promote infiltration reactions typical of metasomatic skarns that can involve large volumes of subvolcanic carbonate basements. Results show that, providing that carbon dioxide is retained in the pore space, decarbonation does not proceed at any magmatic pressure and temperature. However, when the carbon dioxide is free to escape, decarbonation can occur rapidly and is not hindered by a low initial porosity or permeability. Together with carbon dioxide and lime, portlandite, a mineral commonly found in voluminous metasomatic skarns, readily forms during carbonate decomposition. Post-experimental analyses highlight that thermal microcracking, a result of the highly anisotropic thermal expansion of calcite, exerts a greater influence on rock physical properties (porosity, ultrasonic wave velocities and elastic moduli) than decarbonation. Our data suggest that this will be especially true at the margins of dykes or magma bodies, where temperatures can reach up to 1200 ◦C. However, rock compressive strength is significantly reduced by both thermal cracking and decarbonation, explained by the relative weakness of lime + portlandite compared to calcite, and an increase in grain size with increasing temperature. Metasomatic skarns, whose petrogenetic reactions may involve a few tens of cubic kilometres, could therefore represent an important source of volcanic instability.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 369-380

Beschreibung: 2R. Laboratori sperimentali e analitici

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Volcanic hazards and risks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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13

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Ups and downs in western Crete (Hellenic subduction zone) (2014)

Tiberti, M. M. ; Basili, R. ; Vannoli, P.

Nature Publishing Group

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Studies of past sea-level markers are commonly used to unveil the tectonic history and seismic behavior of subduction zones. We present new evidence on vertical motions of the Hellenic subduction zone as resulting from a suite of Late Pleistocene - Holocene shorelines in western Crete (Greece). Shoreline ages obtained by AMS radiocarbon dating of seashells, together with the reappraisal of shoreline ages from previous works, testify a long-term uplift rate of 2.5-2.7 mm/y. This average value, however, includes periods in which the vertical motions vary significantly: 2.6-3.2 mm/y subsidence rate from 42 ka to 23 ka, followed by ~7.7 mm/y sustained uplift rate from 23 ka to present. The last ~5 ky shows a relatively slower uplift rate of 3.0-3.3 mm/y, yet slightly higher than the long-term average. A preliminary tectonic model attempts at explaining these up and down motions by across-strike partitioning of fault activity in the subduction zone.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 5677

Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): coastal geomorphology ; tectonic rates ; paleoshorelines ; subduction ; Crete ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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14

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An experiment of muon radiography atMt Etna (Italy) (2014)

Carbone, D. ; Gibert, D. ; Marteau, J. ; [weitere]

Wiley-Blackwell

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Interactions of conduit geometry with gas–liquid flows control volcanic activity, implying that the evaluation of volcanic hazards requires quantitative understanding of the inner structure of the volcano. The more established geophysical imaging techniques suffer from inherent ambiguity, may require spatially dense measurements in active areas and may not provide sufficient spatial resolution in the uppermost part of the conduit system. It is thus desirable to develop new imaging techniques allowing a better spatial resolution of a volcano's upper feeding system, with reduced ambiguity and a low level of risk for operators. Muon particles can be utilized to image the internal density distribution of volcanic structures. The principle of muon radiography is essentially the same as X-ray radiography, except for substituting penetrating particles in place of photons. Muons are more attenuated by higher density parts inside the target and thus information about its inner structure are obtained from the differential muon absorption. We report on a muon-imaging experiment that was conducted at Mt Etna in 2010. The target structure was one of the summit craters of the volcano. This experiment was performed using a muon telescope suitably designed to withstand the harsh conditions in the summit zone of a high volcano. We found a marked difference between synthetic and observed attenuation of muons through the target. This discrepancy is likely due to the bias on the observed flux, arising from false muon tracks. They are caused by low-energy particles that, by chance, hit simultaneously the two matrixes of the telescope, leading to detection of a false positive. We separated the useful from the unwanted signal through a first-order model of the background noise. The resulting signal is compared with the corresponding synthetic flux. Eventually, we found regions of higher- and lower-than-expected muon flux, that are possibly related to inner features of the target crater.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 633-643

Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Tomography; Volcano monitoring; Volcanic hazards and risks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Lava flow hazards at Mount Etna: constraints imposed by eruptive history and numerical simulations (2014)

Del Negro, C. ; Cappello, A. ; Neri, M. ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: Improving lava flow hazard assessment is one of the most important and challenging fields of volcanology, and has an immediate and practical impact on society. Here, we present a methodology for the quantitative assessment of lava flow hazards based on a combination of field data, numerical simulations and probability analyses. With the extensive data available on historic eruptions of Mt. Etna, going back over 2000 years, it has been possible to construct two hazard maps, one for flank and the other for summit eruptions, allowing a quantitative analysis of the most likely future courses of lava flows. The effective use of hazard maps of Etna may help in minimizing the damage from volcanic eruptions through correct land use in densely urbanized area with a population of almost one million people. Although this study was conducted on Mt. Etna, the approach used is designed to be applicable to other volcanic areas.

Beschreibung: This work was developed within the framework of TecnoLab, the Laboratory for Technological Advance in Volcano Geophysics organized by INGV-CT, DIEES-UNICT, and DMI-UNICT.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 3493

Beschreibung: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici

Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi

Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi

Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente

Beschreibung: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio

Beschreibung: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Lava flow hazard ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous

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New insights on the Messina 1908 seismic source from post-seismic sea level change (2014)

Cannelli, V. ; Melini, D. ; Piersanti, A.

Wiley-Blackwell

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: The identification of a source model for the catastrophic 1908 December 28 Messina earth- quake (Mw = 7.2) has been the subject of many papers in the last decades. Several authors proposed different models on the basis of seismological, macroseismic and geodetic data sets; among these models, remarkable differences exist with regard to almost all parameters. We selected a subset of six models among those most cited in literature and used them to model the post-seismic sea level variation recorded at the tide gauge station of Messina (until 1923), to attempt an independent discrimination among them. For each model, we assumed a simple rheological structure and carried out a direct-search inversion of upper crust thickness and lower crust viscosity to fit the post-seismic sea level signal. This approach enabled us to iden- tify a class of fault geometries which is consistent with the post-seismic signal at the Messina tide gauge and with the known structural and rheological features of the Messina strait

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 611-622

Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: open

Schlagwort(e): Sea level change ; Earthquake source observations ; Rheology: crust and lithosphere ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous

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Error analysis of subpixel lava temperature measurements using infrared remotely sensed data (2014)

Lombardo, V. ; Musacchio, M. ; Buongiorno, M. F.

Wiley-Blackwell

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04

Beschreibung: When remote sensing users are asked to define their requirements for a new sensor, the big question that always arises is: will the technical specifications meet the scientific requirements? Herein, we discuss quantitative relationships between instrumental spectral and radiometric characteristics and data exploitable for lava flow subpixel temperature analysis. This study was funded within the framework of ESA activities for the IR GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) element mission requirements in 2005. Subpixel temperature retrieval from satellite infrared data is a well-established method that is well documented in the remote sensing literature. However there is little attention paid to the error analysis on estimated parameters due to atmospheric correction and radiometric accuracy of the sensor. In this study, we suggest the best spectral bands combination to estimate subpixel temperature parameters. We also demonstrate that poor atmospheric corrections may vanish the effectiveness of the most radiometrically accurate instrument.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 112-125

Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Remote sensing, error analysis, IR sensors, sub-pixel temperature, Numerical solutions; Non-linear differential equations; Effusive volcanism; Eruption mechanisms and flow emplacement; Remote sensing of volcanoes; Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring

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Minimal change in Antarctic Circumpolar Current flow speed between the last glacial and Holocene (2014)

McCave, I. N. ; Crowhurst, S. J. ; Kuhn, G. ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

In: EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Nature Publishing Group, 7(2), pp. 113-116, ISSN: 1752-0894

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-08-10

Beschreibung: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is key to the mixing and ventilation of the world’s oceans1, 2, 3, 4, 5. This current flows from west to east between about 45° and 70° S (refs 1, 2, 3) connecting the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, and is driven by westerly winds and buoyancy forcing. High levels of productivity in the current regulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations6. Reconstructions of the current during the last glacial period suggest that flow speeds were faster7 or similar8 to present, and it is uncertain whether the strength and position of the westerly winds changed9, 10, 11. Here we reconstruct Antarctic Circumpolar Current bottom speeds through the constricting Drake Passage and Scotia Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene based on the mean grain size of sortable silt from a suite of sediment cores. We find essentially no change in bottom flow speeds through the region, and, given that the momentum imparted by winds, and modulated by sea-ice cover, is balanced by the interaction of these flows with the seabed, this argues against substantial changes in wind stress. However, glacial flow speeds in the sea-ice zone12 south of 56° S were significantly slower than present, whereas flow in the north was faster, but not significantly so. We suggest that slower flow over the rough topography south of 56° S may have reduced diapycnal mixing in this region during the last glacial period, possibly reducing the diapycnal contribution to the Southern Ocean overturning circulation.

Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

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Networks from Flows - From Dynamics to Topology (2014)

Molkenthin, Nora ; Rehfeld, Kira ; Marwan, Norbert ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

In: EPIC3Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 4(4119), ISSN: 2045-2322

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Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17

Beschreibung: Complex network approaches have recently been applied to continuous spatial dynamical systems, like climate, successfully uncovering the system's interaction structure. However the relationship between the underlying atmospheric or oceanic flow's dynamics and the estimated network measures have remained largely unclear. We bridge this crucial gap in a bottom-up approach and define a continuous analytical analogue of Pearson correlation networks for advection-diffusion dynamics on a background flow. Analysing complex networks of prototypical flows and from time series data of the equatorial Pacific, we find that our analytical model reproduces the most salient features of these networks and thus provides a general foundation of climate networks. The relationships we obtain between velocity field and network measures show that line-like structures of high betweenness mark transition zones in the flow rather than, as previously thought, the propagation of dynamical information.

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Identification of photosynthetic plankton communities using sedimentary ancient DNA and their response to late-Holocene climate change on the Tibetan Plateau (2014)

Hou, Weiguo ; Dong, Hailiang ; Li, Gaoyuan ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014]. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 6648, doi:10.1038/srep06648.

Beschreibung: Sediments from Tibetan lakes in NW China are potentially sensitive recorders of climate change and its impact on ecosystem function. However, the important plankton members in many Tibetan Lakes do not make and leave microscopically diagnostic features in the sedimentary record. Here we established a taxon-specific molecular approach to specifically identify and quantify sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) of non-fossilized planktonic organisms preserved in a 5-m sediment core from Kusai Lake spanning the last 3100 years. The reliability of the approach was validated with multiple independent genetic markers. Parallel analyses of the geochemistry of the core and paleo-climate proxies revealed that Monsoon strength-driven changes in nutrient availability, temperature, and salinity as well as orbitally-driven changes in light intensity were all responsible for the observed temporal changes in the abundance of two dominant phytoplankton groups in the lake, Synechococcus (cyanobacteria) and Isochrysis (haptophyte algae). Collectively our data show that global and regional climatic events exhibited a strong influence on the paleoecology of phototrophic plankton in Kusai Lake.

Beschreibung: This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41030211 and 41302022), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB808800), and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Nos GBL11410 and GBL11201).

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Permafrost thawing as a possible source of abrupt carbon release at the onset of the Bølling/Allerød (2014)

Köhler, Peter ; Knorr, Gregor ; Bard, Edouard

Nature Publishing Group

In: EPIC3Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 5, pp. 5520, ISSN: 2041-1723

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Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-13

Beschreibung: One of the most abrupt and yet unexplained past rises in atmospheric CO2 (〉10 p.p.m.v. in two centuries) occurred in quasi-synchrony with abrupt northern hemispheric warming into the Bølling/Allerød, ~14,600 years ago. Here we use a U/Th-dated record of atmospheric Δ14C from Tahiti corals to provide an independent and precise age control for this CO2 rise. We also use model simulations to show that the release of old (nearly 14C-free) carbon can explain these changes in CO2 and Δ14C. The Δ14C record provides an independent constraint on the amount of carbon released (~125 Pg C). We suggest, in line with observations of atmospheric CH4 and terrigenous biomarkers, that thawing permafrost in high northern latitudes could have been the source of carbon, possibly with contribution from flooding of the Siberian continental shelf during meltwater pulse 1A. Our findings highlight the potential of the permafrost carbon reservoir to modulate abrupt climate changes via greenhouse-gas feedbacks.

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Antarctic-wide array of high-resolution ice core records reveals pervasive lead pollution began in 1889 and persists today (2014)

McConnell, J. R. ; Maselli, O. J. ; Sigl, M. ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

In: EPIC3Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 4, pp. 5848, ISSN: 2045-2322

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Publikationsdatum: 2014-12-17

Beschreibung: Interior Antarctica is among the most remote places on Earth and was thought to be beyond the reach of human impacts when Amundsen and Scott raced to the South Pole in 1911. Here we show detailed measurements from an extensive array of 16 ice cores quantifying substantial toxic heavy metal lead pollution at South Pole and throughout Antarctica by 1889 – beating polar explorers by more than 22 years. Unlike the Arctic where lead pollution peaked in the 1970s, lead pollution in Antarctica was as high in the early 20th century as at any time since industrialization. The similar timing and magnitude of changes in lead deposition across Antarctica, as well as the characteristic isotopic signature of Broken Hill lead found throughout the continent, suggest that this single emission source in southern Australia was responsible for the introduction of lead pollution into Antarctica at the end of the 19th century and remains a significant source today. An estimated 660 t of industrial lead have been deposited over Antarctica during the past 130 years as a result of mid-latitude industrial emissions, with regional-to-global scale circulation likely modulating aerosol concentrations. Despite abatement efforts, significant lead pollution in Antarctica persists into the 21st century.

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Post-seismic slip of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake from GPS observations: implications for depth-dependent properties of subduction megathrusts (2014)

Silverii, F. ; Cheloni, D. ; D'Agostino, N. ; [weitere]

Wiley-Blackwell

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Publikationsdatum: 2021-11-25

Beschreibung: Here we inverted the GPS data to infer the coseismic slip of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake and the time-dependent afterslip distribution in the 4 months following the main shock. The Tohoku-Oki earthquake showed an unexpected magnitude and a characteristic depth-dependent differentiation of seismic energy radiation. In this context the estimation and comparison of the distribution of the fault portions that slip coseismically and post-seismically contribute to a better understanding of the variation of frictional characteristics of the plate interface. The inferred coseismic slip extends in a relatively compact region located updip from the hypocentre and reaches its highest value (about 60 m) near the trench. Afterslip occurs mostly outside the coseismic rupture and is distributed in two main modal centres. It reaches its largest values in an area located downdip of the coseismic slip and extends to a depth of 80 km. In the depth range between 30 and 50 km afterslip overlaps the portion of the fault that experienced historical moderate earthquakes, high-frequency seismic radiation and thrust-type aftershocks. The behaviour of this area can be explained by a rheologically heterogeneous region made of a ductile fault matrix interspersed with compact brittle asperities. On the contrary, the region beneath 50–60 km depth is probably characterized by a fully velocity strengthening behaviour. Southern afterslip, located off-Chiba Prefecture, is probably related to the Mw 7.9 Ibaraki-Oki aftershock. The northward extension of the afterslip stops at a latitude of about 40◦ N, just south of the off-Aomori region. This may be related to three large events occurred in this area during the last century and the consequent strong coupling or complete depletion of the accumulated strain that characterize this region.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 580-596

Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Satellite geodesy; Seismic cycle; Earthquake source observations; Subduction zone processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes

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Virtual finger boosts three-dimensional imaging and microsurgery as well as terabyte volume image visualization and analysis (2014)

Peng, Hanchuan ; Tang, Jianyong ; Xiao, Hang ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 4342, doi:10.1038/ncomms5342.

Beschreibung: Three-dimensional (3D) bioimaging, visualization and data analysis are in strong need of powerful 3D exploration techniques. We develop virtual finger (VF) to generate 3D curves, points and regions-of-interest in the 3D space of a volumetric image with a single finger operation, such as a computer mouse stroke, or click or zoom from the 2D-projection plane of an image as visualized with a computer. VF provides efficient methods for acquisition, visualization and analysis of 3D images for roundworm, fruitfly, dragonfly, mouse, rat and human. Specifically, VF enables instant 3D optical zoom-in imaging, 3D free-form optical microsurgery, and 3D visualization and annotation of terabytes of whole-brain image volumes. VF also leads to orders of magnitude better efficiency of automated 3D reconstruction of neurons and similar biostructures over our previous systems. We use VF to generate from images of 1,107 Drosophila GAL4 lines a projectome of a Drosophila brain.

Beschreibung: This work was mainly supported by Howard Hughes Medical Institute. H.P. is currently supported by the Allen Institute for Brain Science. R.W.T. and A.M. were supported by a grant MH071739 (MERIT).

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Distribution of surface plastic debris in the eastern Pacific Ocean from an 11-Year data set (2014)

Lavender Law, Kara L. ; Moret-Ferguson, Skye E. ; Goodwin, Deborah S. ; [weitere]

American Chemical Society

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Chemical Society, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of American Chemical Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Environmental Science and Technology 38 (2014): 4732–4738, doi:10.1021/es4053076.

Beschreibung: We present an extensive survey of floating plastic debris in the eastern North and South Pacific Oceans from more than 2500 plankton net tows conducted between 2001 and 2012. From these data we defined an accumulation zone (25 to 41°N, 130 to 180°W) in the North Pacific subtropical gyre that closely corresponds to centers of accumulation resulting from the convergence of ocean surface currents predicted by several oceanographic numerical models. Maximum plastic concentrations from individual surface net tows exceeded 106 pieces km–2, with concentrations decreasing with increasing distance from the predicted center of accumulation. Outside the North Pacific subtropical gyre the median plastic concentration was 0 pieces km–2. We were unable to detect a robust temporal trend in the data set, perhaps because of confounded spatial and temporal variability. Large spatiotemporal variability in plastic concentration causes order of magnitude differences in summary statistics calculated over short time periods or in limited geographic areas. Utilizing all available plankton net data collected in the eastern Pacific Ocean (17.4°S to 61.0°N; 85.0 to 180.0°W) since 1999, we estimated a minimum of 21 290 t of floating microplastic.

Beschreibung: This work was supported by Sea Education Association, NFWF-NOAA Marine Debris Program (Nos. 2009-0062-002, NA10OAR4320148, Amend. 71), and NSF (Nos. OCE-0087528, OCE-1155379, OCE-1260403, OCE-1352422).

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Eruption of a deep-sea mud volcano triggers rapid sediment movement (2014)

Feseker, Tomas ; Boetius, Antje ; Wenzhofer, Frank ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 5385, doi:10.1038/ncomms6385.

Beschreibung: Submarine mud volcanoes are important sources of methane to the water column. However, the temporal variability of their mud and methane emissions is unknown. Methane emissions were previously proposed to result from a dynamic equilibrium between upward migration and consumption at the seabed by methane-consuming microbes. Here we show non-steady-state situations of vigorous mud movement that are revealed through variations in fluid flow, seabed temperature and seafloor bathymetry. Time series data for pressure, temperature, pH and seafloor photography were collected over 431 days using a benthic observatory at the active Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano. We documented 25 pulses of hot subsurface fluids, accompanied by eruptions that changed the landscape of the mud volcano. Four major events triggered rapid sediment uplift of more than a metre in height, substantial lateral flow of muds at average velocities of 0.4 m per day, and significant emissions of methane and CO2 from the seafloor.

Beschreibung: Participation of the Sentry AUV and TETHYS team from WHOI was funded by the Arctic Research Initiative of WHOI’s Ocean and Climate Change Institute and the NASA ASTEP grant NNX09AB76G. Additional funds were made available by the AWI, the Max Planck Society and the DFG METEOR/MERIAN programme, as well as the Leibniz programme to A.B.

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Intensification of the meridional temperature gradient in the Great Barrier Reef following the Last Glacial Maximum (2014)

Felis, Thomas ; McGregor, Helen V. ; Linsley, Braddock K. ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 4102, doi:10.1038/ncomms5102.

Beschreibung: Tropical south-western Pacific temperatures are of vital importance to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), but the role of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the growth of the GBR since the Last Glacial Maximum remains largely unknown. Here we present records of Sr/Ca and δ18O for Last Glacial Maximum and deglacial corals that show a considerably steeper meridional SST gradient than the present day in the central GBR. We find a 1–2 °C larger temperature decrease between 17° and 20°S about 20,000 to 13,000 years ago. The result is best explained by the northward expansion of cooler subtropical waters due to a weakening of the South Pacific gyre and East Australian Current. Our findings indicate that the GBR experienced substantial meridional temperature change during the last deglaciation, and serve to explain anomalous deglacial drying of northeastern Australia. Overall, the GBR developed through significant SST change and may be more resilient than previously thought.

Beschreibung: Funding was provided by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FE 615/4-1), Australian Research Council (Discovery grant DP1094001), Australia and New Zealand IODP Consortium, Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Natural Environmental Research Council (NE/H014136/1, NE/H014268/1), the Cooperative Research Program of the Center for Advanced Marine Core Research (10B039, 11A013, 11B041), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India (with partial support from DST & ISRO-GBP) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS NEXT-GR031).

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Counting whales in a challenging, changing environment (2014)

Williams, R. ; Kelly, N. ; Boebel, Olaf ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 4170, doi:10.1038/srep04170.

Beschreibung: Estimating abundance of Antarctic minke whales is central to the International Whaling Commission's conservation and management work and understanding impacts of climate change on polar marine ecosystems. Detecting abundance trends is problematic, in part because minke whales are frequently sighted within Antarctic sea ice where navigational safety concerns prevent ships from surveying. Using icebreaker-supported helicopters, we conducted aerial surveys across a gradient of ice conditions to estimate minke whale density in the Weddell Sea. The surveys revealed substantial numbers of whales inside the sea ice. The Antarctic summer sea ice is undergoing rapid regional change in annual extent, distribution, and length of ice-covered season. These trends, along with substantial interannual variability in ice conditions, affect the proportion of whales available to be counted by traditional shipboard surveys. The strong association between whales and the dynamic, changing sea ice requires reexamination of the power to detect trends in whale abundance or predict ecosystem responses to climate change.

Beschreibung: This work received funding from the following institutions: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI); Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (EL & I); German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV); German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU); the Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (Wageningen IMARES); Johann Heinrich von Thu¨nen Institute (Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries); the Netherlands Polar Programme (NPP) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NOW); Research and Technology Centre Westcoast (FTZ) of the University Kiel. RW was funded by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (proposal Nu 253407 (call reference: FP7- PEOPLE-2009-IIF).

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MIxS-BE : a MIxS extension defining a minimum information standard for sequence data from the built environment (2014)

Glass, Elizabeth M. ; Dribinsky, Yekaterina ; Yilmaz, Pelin ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in ISME Journal 8 (2014): 1-3, doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.176.

Beschreibung: The need for metadata standards for microbe sampling in the built environment.

Beschreibung: We would like to thank the Alfred P Sloan Foundation grant FP047325-01-PR for support for this project.

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A reversal of fortunes : climate change ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ in Antarctic Peninsula penguins (2014)

Clucas, Gemma V. ; Dunn, Michael J. ; Dyke, Gareth ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 5024, doi:10.1038/srep05024.

Beschreibung: Climate change is a major threat to global biodiversity. Antarctic ecosystems are no exception. Investigating past species responses to climatic events can distinguish natural from anthropogenic impacts. Climate change produces ‘winners’, species that benefit from these events and ‘losers’, species that decline or become extinct. Using molecular techniques, we assess the demographic history and population structure of Pygoscelis penguins in the Scotia Arc related to climate warming after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). All three pygoscelid penguins responded positively to post-LGM warming by expanding from glacial refugia, with those breeding at higher latitudes expanding most. Northern (Pygoscelis papua papua) and Southern (Pygoscelis papua ellsworthii) gentoo sub-species likely diverged during the LGM. Comparing historical responses with the literature on current trends, we see Southern gentoo penguins are responding to current warming as they did during post-LGM warming, expanding their range southwards. Conversely, Adélie and chinstrap penguins are experiencing a ‘reversal of fortunes’ as they are now declining in the Antarctic Peninsula, the opposite of their response to post-LGM warming. This suggests current climate warming has decoupled historic population responses in the Antarctic Peninsula, favoring generalist gentoo penguins as climate change ‘winners’, while Adélie and chinstrap penguins have become climate change ‘losers’.

Beschreibung: We thank the Zoological Society of London, Quark Expeditions, Exodus Travels ltd., Oceanites, the Holly Hill Charitable Trust, the Charities Advisory Trust and an U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs grant (ANT-0739575) for funding.

Schlagwort(e): Climate-change ecology ; Molecular ecology ; Molecular evolution ; Population genetics

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Horizontal eddy energy flux in the world oceans diagnosed from altimetry data (2014)

Xu, Chi ; Shang, Xiao-Dong ; Huang, Rui Xin

Nature Publishing Group

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 5316, doi:10.1038/srep05316.

Beschreibung: During the propagation of coherent mesoscale eddies, they directly or indirectly induce many effects and interactions at different scales, implying eddies are actually serving as a kind of energy carrier or energy source for these eddy-related dynamic processes. To quantify this dynamically significant energy flow, the multi-year averaged horizontal eddy energy fluxes (EEFs) were estimated by using satellite altimetry data and a two-layer model based on hydrographic climatology. There is a strong net westward transport of eddy energy estimated at the mean value of ~13.3 GW north of 5°N and ~14.6 GW at the band 5°S ~ 44°S in the Southern Hemisphere. However, poleward of 44°S east-propagating eddies carry their energy eastward with an averaged net flux of ~3.2 GW. If confirmed, it would signify that geostrophic eddies not only contain the most of oceanic kinetic energy (KE), but also carry and spread a significant amount of energy with them.

Beschreibung: This study is supported by Grants XDA11010202, 2011CB403505, 2013CB430303; Projects 41306016, U1033002, 40976021 of NNSFC and LTOZZ1304.

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Oceanography : oxygen and climate dynamics (2014)

Doney, Scott C. ; Karnauskas, Kristopher B.

Nature Publishing Group

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature Climate Change 4 (2014): 862-863, doi:10.1038/nclimate2386.

Beschreibung: Low oxygen levels in tropical oceans shape marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry with climate change expected to expand these regions. Now, a study indicates that regional dynamics control tropical oxygen trends, bucking projected global reductions in ocean oxygen.

Beschreibung: 2015-03-25

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Human-generated sound and marine mammals (2009)

Tyack, Peter L.

American Institute of Physics

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Institute of Physics, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Institute of Physics for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Physics Today 62 n.11 (2009): 39-44.

Beschreibung: Most species of large whales are endangered because for centuries whaling fleets have decimated their populations. In the late 1960s, marine-mammal biologists discovered that fishermen setting nets for tuna in the Pacific Ocean were killing more than 100,000 dolphins a year. The cause of marine-mammal conservation became so popular at the dawn of the environmental movement that one of the first environmental accomplishments of the US Congress was to enact the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, which prohibits the killing or injuring of marine mammals. Today, small remnant populations of whales, such as the North Atlantic right whale, are threatened by entanglement in fishing gear and collisions by ships. Indeed, marine biologists have estimated that hundreds of thousands of marine mammals are killed each year in fishing gear. Inadvertent effects of human activities can pose a serious risk to coastal populations, as evidenced by the recent extinction of the Chinese river dolphin due to fishing, pollution, and overdevelopment of the Yangtze River. A few decades ago, conservation efforts focused on reducing the intentional hunting of marine mammals. Nowadays, when hunts for marine mammals are better controlled, the slow degradation of habitat from a combination of sources may have a bigger impact. For example, biologists have documented cases in which the effects of coastal development—including noise, pollution, and dredging—have caused marine mammals to abandon critical breeding habitat. Noise in particular is at issue in legal actions that have been brought against the US Navy for sonar exercises that may have caused whales to strand and die.

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Extreme diving behaviour in devil rays links surface waters and the deep ocean (2014)

Thorrold, Simon R. ; Afonso, Pedro ; Fontes, Jorge ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 4274, doi:10.1038/ncomms5274.

Beschreibung: Ecological connections between surface waters and the deep ocean remain poorly studied despite the high biomass of fishes and squids residing at depths beyond the euphotic zone. These animals likely support pelagic food webs containing a suite of predators that include commercially important fishes and marine mammals. Here we deploy pop-up satellite archival transmitting tags on 15 Chilean devil rays (Mobula tarapacana) in the central North Atlantic Ocean, which provide movement patterns of individuals for up to 9 months. Devil rays were considered surface dwellers but our data reveal individuals descending at speeds up to 6.0 m s−1 to depths of almost 2,000 m and water temperatures 〈4 °C. The shape of the dive profiles suggests that the rays are foraging at these depths in deep scattering layers. Our results provide evidence of an important link between predators in the surface ocean and forage species occupying pelagic habitats below the euphotic zone in ocean ecosystems.

Beschreibung: This research was partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/Ministry of Education and Science (FCT/MCTES-MEC) through individual support to P.A. (Cieˆncia 2008/POPH/QREN) and J.F. (SFRH/BPD/66532/2009) and the LARSyS Strategic Project (PEst/OE/EEI/LA00009/2011). This study was support by the US National Science Foundation (OCE 0825148 to S.R.T. and G.B.S.), The Harrison Foundation, Rodney and Elizabeth Berens, the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (baseline research funds to M.L.B.) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

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Antarctic-wide array of high-resolution ice core records reveals pervasive lead pollution began in 1889 and persists today (2014)

McConnell, Joseph R. ; Maselli, Olivia J. ; Sigl, Michael ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 5848, doi:10.1038/srep05848.

Beschreibung: Interior Antarctica is among the most remote places on Earth and was thought to be beyond the reach of human impacts when Amundsen and Scott raced to the South Pole in 1911. Here we show detailed measurements from an extensive array of 16 ice cores quantifying substantial toxic heavy metal lead pollution at South Pole and throughout Antarctica by 1889 – beating polar explorers by more than 22 years. Unlike the Arctic where lead pollution peaked in the 1970s, lead pollution in Antarctica was as high in the early 20th century as at any time since industrialization. The similar timing and magnitude of changes in lead deposition across Antarctica, as well as the characteristic isotopic signature of Broken Hill lead found throughout the continent, suggest that this single emission source in southern Australia was responsible for the introduction of lead pollution into Antarctica at the end of the 19th century and remains a significant source today. An estimated 660 t of industrial lead have been deposited over Antarctica during the past 130 years as a result of mid-latitude industrial emissions, with regional-to-global scale circulation likely modulating aerosol concentrations. Despite abatement efforts, significant lead pollution in Antarctica persists into the 21st century.

Beschreibung: This work primarily was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs (research grants 9903744, 0538427, 0538416, 0968391, 1142166, 0632031; instrument grants 0216552, 0421412).

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How unique was Hurricane Sandy? Sedimentary reconstructions of extreme flooding from New York Harbor (2014)

Brandon, Christine M. ; Woodruff, Jonathan D. ; Donnelly, Jeffrey P. ; [weitere]

Nature Publishing Group

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Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26

Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 7366, doi:10.1038/srep07366.

Beschreibung: The magnitude of flooding in New York City by Hurricane Sandy is commonly believed to be extremely rare, with estimated return periods near or greater than 1000 years. However, the brevity of tide gauge records result in significant uncertainties when estimating the uniqueness of such an event. Here we compare resultant deposition by Hurricane Sandy to earlier storm-induced flood layers in order to extend records of flooding to the city beyond the instrumental dataset. Inversely modeled storm conditions from grain size trends show that a more compact yet more intense hurricane in 1821 CE probably resulted in a similar storm tide and a significantly larger storm surge. Our results indicate the occurrence of additional flood events like Hurricane Sandy in recent centuries, and highlight the inadequacies of the instrumental record in estimating current flood risk by such extreme events.

Beschreibung: Funding for this work was provided by the Hudson River Foundation Expedited Grant #004/12E, the Hudson River Foundation Graduate Fellowship 02–13, the National Science Foundation (RAPID grant #1313859 and instrument and facility support via grant IF-0949313), and the Dalio Explore Fund.

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Transgenerational plasticity in marine sticklebacks: maternal effects mediate impacts of a warming ocean (2014)

Shama, Lisa ; Strobel, Anneli ; Mark, Felix ; [weitere]

Wiley-Blackwell

In: EPIC3Functional Ecology, Wiley-Blackwell, 28, pp. 1482-1493, ISSN: 0269-8463

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Publikationsdatum: 2023-09-15

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Monitoring of gas and seismic energy release by multiparametric benthic observatory along the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara (NW Turkey) (2014)

Embriaco, D. ; Marinaro, G. ; Frugoni, F. ; [weitere]

Wiley-Blackwell

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Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09

Beschreibung: Episodic gas seepage occurs at the seafloor in the Gulf of Izmit (Sea of Marmara, NW Turkey) along the submerged segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), which ruptured during the 1999 Mw7.4 Izmit earthquake, and caused tectonic loading of the fault segment in front of the Istanbul metropolitan area. In order to study gas seepage and seismic energy release along the NAF, a multiparametric benthic observatory (SN-4) was deployed in the gulf at the western end of the 1999 Izmit earthquake rupture, and operated for about 1 yr at 166 m water depth. The SN-4 payload included a three-component broad-band seismometer, as well as gas and oceanographic sensors. We analysed data collected continuously for 161 d in the first part of the experiment, from 2009 October to 2010 March. The main objective of our work was to verify whether tectonic deformation along the NAF could trigger methane seepage. For this reason, we considered only local seismicity, that is, within 100 km from the station. No significant (ML ≥ 3.6) local earthquakes occurred during this period; on the other hand, the seismometer recorded high-frequency SDEs (short duration events), which are not related to seismicity but to abrupt increases of dissolved methane concentration in the sea water that we called MPEs (methane peak events). Acquisition of current velocity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature and salinity, allowed us to analyse the local oceanographic setting during each event, and correlate SDEs to episodic gas discharges from the seabed. We noted that MPEs are the result of such gas releases, but are detected only under favourable oceanographic conditions. This stresses the importance of collecting long-term multiparametric time-series to address complex phenomena such as gas and seismic energy release at the seafloor. Results from the SN-4 experiment in the Sea of Marmara suggest that neither low-magnitude local seismicity, nor regional events affect intensity and frequency of gas flows from the seafloor.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 850-866

Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra

Beschreibung: 3A. Ambiente Marino

Beschreibung: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Beschreibung: restricted

Schlagwort(e): Time-series analysis ; Seismicity and tectonics ; Broad-band seismometers ; multiparametric seafloor observatory ; Izmit Gulf ; Sea of Marmara ; gas seepage ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

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Mode spacing “anomaly” in InGaN blue lasers (1999)

Jiang, H. X. ; Lin, J. Y.

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(8): 1066-1068. Published 1999 Feb 22. doi: 10.1063/1.123483.

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Thema: Physik

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High-Tc directly coupled direct current SQUID gradiometer with flip-chip flux transformer (1999)

Tian, Y. J. ; Linzen, S. ; Schmidl, F. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(9): 1302-1304. Published 1999 Mar 01. doi: 10.1063/1.123531.

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Photoconductivity investigation of the electron dynamics in GaAs grown at low temperature (1999)

Stellmacher, Max ; Schnell, Jean-Phillipe ; Adam, Didier ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(9): 1239-1241. Published 1999 Mar 01. doi: 10.1063/1.123511.

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Growth and characterization of small band gap (∼0.6 eV) InGaAsN layers on InP (1999)

Gokhale, Milind R. ; Wei, Jian ; Wang, Hongsheng ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(9): 1287-1289. Published 1999 Mar 01. doi: 10.1063/1.123526.

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Controlled spontaneous emissions from current-driven semiconductor microcavity triodes (1999)

Yamashita, S. ; Nakamura, S. ; Kobayashi, S. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(9): 1278-1280. Published 1999 Mar 01. doi: 10.1063/1.123523.

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Intrinsic picosecond response times of Y–Ba–Cu–O superconducting photodetectors (1999)

Lindgren, M. ; Currie, M. ; Williams, C. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(6): 853-855. Published 1999 Feb 08. doi: 10.1063/1.123388.

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Charge depletion of n+-In0.53Ga0.47As potential wells by background acceptor doping (1999)

Skuras, E. ; Long, A. R. ; Vögele, B. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(7): 973-975. Published 1999 Feb 15. doi: 10.1063/1.123427.

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Fabrication of nano-structural arrays by channeling pulsed atomic beams through pulsed-laser standing-waves under off-resonant condition (1999)

Zhu, X. D.

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(4): 525-527. Published 1999 Jan 25. doi: 10.1063/1.123175.

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Active reflection via a phase-insensitive quadratic nonlinear interaction within a microcavity (1999)

Cojocaru, Crina ; Martorell, Jordi ; Vilaseca, R. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(4): 504-506. Published 1999 Jan 25. doi: 10.1063/1.123169.

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65 GHz InGaAs/InAlGaAs/InP waveguide-integrated photodetectors for the 1.3–1.55 μm wavelength regime (1999)

Kollakowski, St. ; Strittmatter, A. ; Dröge, E. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(4): 612-614. Published 1999 Jan 25. doi: 10.1063/1.123181.

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Hydrogen-induced reduction of axial stress in optical fiber cores (1999)

Ky, Nguyen Hong ; Limberger, H. G. ; Salathé, R. P. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(4): 516-518. Published 1999 Jan 25. doi: 10.1063/1.123172.

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Enhanced hole injection in a bilayer vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting device using a p-type doped silicon anode (1999)

Zhou, X. ; He, J. ; Liao, L. S. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(4): 609-611. Published 1999 Jan 25. doi: 10.1063/1.123161.

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Selective area oxide desorption by electron irradiation in a H2 ambient on GaAs (100) (1999)

Brown, S. J. ; Burke, T. M. ; Smith, M. P. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(7): 950-952. Published 1999 Feb 15. doi: 10.1063/1.123419.

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The contribution of vacancies to carbon out-diffusion in silicon (1999)

Scholz, R. F. ; Werner, P. ; Gösele, U. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(3): 392-394. Published 1999 Jan 18. doi: 10.1063/1.123081.

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Intraband absorption in Ge/Si self-assembled quantum dots (1999)

Boucaud, P. ; Le Thanh, V. ; Sauvage, S. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(3): 401-403. Published 1999 Jan 18. doi: 10.1063/1.123083.

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Gas-phase nanoparticle formation and transport during pulsed laser deposition of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−d (1999)

Geohegan, D. B. ; Puretzky, A. A. ; Rader, D. J.

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3788-3790. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124180.

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Electrically active defect centers induced by Ga+ focused ion beam irradiation of GaAs(100) (1999)

Brown, S. J. ; Rose, P. D. ; Jones, G. A. C. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(4): 576-578. Published 1999 Jan 25. doi: 10.1063/1.123150.

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Longitudinal magnetoresistance of CrO2 thin films (1999)

Suzuki, Katsuhiko ; Tedrow, P. M.

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(3): 428-429. Published 1999 Jan 18. doi: 10.1063/1.123050.

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β-SiC nanorods synthesized by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (1999)

Zhou, X. T. ; Wang, N. ; Lai, H. L. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(26): 3942-3944. Published 1999 Jun 28. doi: 10.1063/1.124231.

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Bifunctional molecular glass for efficient photorefractive material (1999)

Ogino, Kenji ; Park, Sang-Hun ; Sato, Hisaya

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(26): 3936-3938. Published 1999 Jun 28. doi: 10.1063/1.124229.

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Fabry–Perot cavity chemical sensors by silicon micromachining techniques (1999)

Han, Jaeheon

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(3): 445-447. Published 1999 Jan 18. doi: 10.1063/1.123056.

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Structural properties and Raman modes of zinc blende InN epitaxial layers (1999)

Tabata, A. ; Lima, A. P. ; Teles, L. K. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(3): 362-364. Published 1999 Jan 18. doi: 10.1063/1.123072.

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Structure and magnetic properties of Gd3(Fe1−xCox)25Cr4 compounds (1999)

Yang, Dong ; Wang, Jianli ; Tang, Ning ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(26): 4020-4022. Published 1999 Jun 28. doi: 10.1063/1.123247.

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Light-induced negative differential resistance in planar InP/InGaAs/InP double-heterojunction p-i-n photodiode (1999)

Ho, Chong-Long ; Wu, Meng-Chyi ; Ho, Wen-Jeng ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(26): 4008-4010. Published 1999 Jun 28. doi: 10.1063/1.123243.

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GaInN/GaN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1999)

Grandjean, N. ; Massies, J. ; Dalmasso, S. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(24): 3616-3618. Published 1999 Jun 14. doi: 10.1063/1.123199.

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Oxygen diffusion in heavily antimony-, arsenic-, and boron-doped Czochralski silicon wafers (1999)

Ono, Toshiaki ; Rozgonyi, George A. ; Asayama, Eiichi ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(24): 3648-3650. Published 1999 Jun 14. doi: 10.1063/1.123210.

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The effect of bottom electrode on the performance of thin film based capacitors in the gigahertz region (1999)

Dube, D. C. ; Baborowski, J. ; Muralt, P. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(23): 3546-3548. Published 1999 Jun 07. doi: 10.1063/1.124156.

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Depth-resolved imaging of nematic liquid crystals by third-harmonic microscopy (1999)

Yelin, D. ; Silberberg, Y. ; Barad, Y. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(21): 3107-3109. Published 1999 May 24. doi: 10.1063/1.124077.

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A vertical cavity light emitting InGaN quantum well heterostructure (1999)

Song, Y.-K. ; Zhou, H. ; Diagne, M. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(23): 3441-3443. Published 1999 Jun 07. doi: 10.1063/1.124121.

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Application of neutron interferometry to the measurement of thin film density (1999)

Wallace, W. E. ; Jacobson, D. L. ; Arif, M. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(3): 469-471. Published 1999 Jan 18. doi: 10.1063/1.123038.

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Urbach energy dependence of the stability in amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (1999)

Wehrspohn, R. B. ; Deane, S. C. ; French, I. D. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(22): 3374-3376. Published 1999 May 31. doi: 10.1063/1.123349.

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The effect of Si doping on the defect structure of GaN/AlN/Si(111) (1999)

Molina, S. I. ; Sánchez, A. M. ; Pacheco, F. J. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(22): 3362-3364. Published 1999 May 31. doi: 10.1063/1.123345.

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High conduction-band offset of AlInAsSb/InGaAs multiple quantum wells grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (1999)

Chang, J. R. ; Su, Y. K. ; Lin, C. L. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(23): 3495-3497. Published 1999 Jun 07. doi: 10.1063/1.124141.

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Improvements in electrical properties of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 capacitor with chemical vapor deposited Pt top electrode using Pt hexafluoroacetylacetonate (1999)

Lee, Jong Myeong ; Kang, Sang Yeol ; Shin, Ju Cheol ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(23): 3489-3491. Published 1999 Jun 07. doi: 10.1063/1.124139.

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Magnetic properties of annular Josephson junctions for radiation detection: Experimental results (1999)

Cristiano, R. ; Esposito, E. ; Frunzio, L. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(22): 3389-3391. Published 1999 May 31. doi: 10.1063/1.123354.

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Measurement of induced surface charges, contact potentials, and surface states in GaN by electric force microscopy (1999)

Bridger, P. M. ; Bandić, Z. Z. ; Piquette, E. C. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(23): 3522-3524. Published 1999 Jun 07. doi: 10.1063/1.124148.

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Infrared absorption of Li acceptors and shallow donors in ZnSe (1999)

Nakata, H. ; Yamada, K. ; Ohyama, T.

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(23): 3480-3482. Published 1999 Jun 07. doi: 10.1063/1.124134.

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Threshold behavior analysis of in-plane switching mode liquid-crystal cells with asymmetrical surface condition (1999)

Yoneya, Makoto ; Kondo, Katsumi

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(23): 3477-3479. Published 1999 Jun 07. doi: 10.1063/1.124133.

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Photorefractive Bragg gratings in nematic liquid crystals aligned by a magnetic field (1999)

Wiederrecht, Gary P. ; Wasielewski, Michael R.

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(23): 3459-3461. Published 1999 Jun 07. doi: 10.1063/1.124127.

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Evidence for relaxed and high-quality growth of GaN on SiC(0001) (1999)

Boscherini, F. ; Lantier, R. ; Rizzi, A. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(22): 3308-3310. Published 1999 May 31. doi: 10.1063/1.123327.

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Molecular beam epitaxial growth and optical properties of lattice-matched MgxZn1−xSeyTe1−y alloys on InP substrates (1999)

Naniwae, Koichi ; Iwata, Hiroshi ; Yashiki, Kenichiro

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(26): 3984-3986. Published 1999 Jun 28. doi: 10.1063/1.124244.

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An efficient way to improve compositional abruptness at the GaAs on GaInAs interface (1999)

Chirlias, E. ; Massies, J. ; Guyaux, J. L. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(26): 3972-3974. Published 1999 Jun 28. doi: 10.1063/1.124240.

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Effect of dangling-bond density on luminescence in tritiated amorphous silicon (1999)

Sidhu, Lakhbeer S. ; Kosteski, Tome ; Zukotynski, Stefan ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(26): 3975-3977. Published 1999 Jun 28. doi: 10.1063/1.124241.

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82

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Mechanism for photon emission from Au nano-hemispheres induced by scanning tunneling microscopy (1999)

Liau, Yish-Hann ; Scherer, Norbert F.

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(26): 3966-3968. Published 1999 Jun 28. doi: 10.1063/1.124238.

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Raman microscopy of lateral epitaxial overgrowth of GaN on sapphire (1999)

Pophristic, M. ; Long, F. H. ; Schurman, M. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(23): 3519-3521. Published 1999 Jun 07. doi: 10.1063/1.124136.

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84

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Suppression of temperature sensitivity of interband emission energy in 1.3-μm-region by an InGaAs overgrowth on self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots (1999)

Mukai, Kohki ; Sugawara, Mitsuru

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(26): 3963-3965. Published 1999 Jun 28. doi: 10.1063/1.124237.

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85

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Pulsed laser deposition of epitaxial GaNxAs1−x on GaAs (1999)

Hung, W. K. ; Chern, M. Y. ; Fan, J. C. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(26): 3951-3953. Published 1999 Jun 28. doi: 10.1063/1.124234.

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86

Unbekannt

Optical properties of low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy AlxGa1−xN thin-film waveguides by prism coupling technique (1999)

Dogheche, E. ; Remiens, D. ; Omnes, F.

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(26): 3960-3962. Published 1999 Jun 28. doi: 10.1063/1.124236.

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87

Unbekannt

Deposition of a thin polystyrene film by anthracene-photosensitized laser ablation at 351 nm (1999)

Tsuboi, Yasuyuki ; Itaya, Akira

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3896-3898. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124216.

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88

Unbekannt

Memory window of highly c-axis oriented ferroelectric YMnO3 thin films (1999)

Lee, Ho Nyung ; Kim, Yong Tae ; Park, Young K.

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3887-3889. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124213.

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89

Unbekannt

Interlayer coupling and enhanced coercivity in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic structures (1999)

Edelstein, A. S. ; Kodama, R. H. ; Miller, M. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3872-3874. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124208.

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90

Unbekannt

Supercurrents in HgBa2CaCu2O6+δ and TlBa2CaCu2O7 epitaxial thin films (1999)

Gapud, A. A. ; Wu, J. Z. ; Fang, L. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3878-3880. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124210.

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91

Unbekannt

Influence of illumination on the properties of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y bicrystal grain boundary junction (1999)

Gilabert, A. ; Plecenik, A. ; Medici, M. G. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3869-3871. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124207.

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92

Unbekannt

Electrical properties of covalently linked silicon/polypyrrole junctions (1999)

Vermeir, Inge E. ; Kim, Namyong Y. ; Laibinis, Paul E.

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3860-3862. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124204.

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93

Unbekannt

Strong linear polarization in scanning tunneling microscopy-induced luminescence from porous silicon (1999)

Wu, Zhanghua ; Nakayama, Tomonobu ; Qiao, Shan ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3842-3844. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124198.

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94

Unbekannt

Lateral-junction vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on a GaAs (311) A-oriented substrate (1999)

Vaccaro, Pablo O. ; Ohnishi, Hajime ; Fujita, Kazuhisa

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3854-3856. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124202.

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95

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Stress relaxation by surface rippling and dislocation generation in mismatched channels of InGaAs/InAlAs/InP high-electron-mobility transistors (1999)

Peiró, F. ; Cornet, A. ; Beck, M. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3818-3820. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124190.

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96

Unbekannt

Near-ultraviolet and near-infrared electroluminescence from an indium–tin–oxide film/native Si oxide/p-Si structure (1999)

Wang, Y. Q. ; Zhao, T. P. ; Liu, J. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3815-3817. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124189.

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97

Unbekannt

Light emission during fracture of a Zr–Ti–Ni–Cu–Be bulk metallic glass (1999)

Gilbert, C. J. ; Ager, J. W. ; Schroeder, V. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3809-3811. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124187.

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98

Unbekannt

Soft x-ray absorption of a buried SmCo film utilizing substrate fluorescence detection (1999)

Coulthard, I. ; Freeland, J. W. ; Winarski, R. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3806-3808. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124186.

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99

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The relation of active nitrogen species to high-temperature limitations for (0001̄) GaN growth by radio-frequency-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (1999)

Ptak, A. J. ; Millecchia, M. R. ; Myers, T. H. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3836-3838. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124196.

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100

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Evidence for localized Si-donor state and its metastable properties in AlGaN (1999)

Skierbiszewski, C. ; Suski, T. ; Leszczynski, M. ; [weitere]

American Institute of Physics

In: Applied Physics Letters. 1999; 74(25): 3833-3835. Published 1999 Jun 21. doi: 10.1063/1.124195.

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