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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0047-2425
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-2537
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 2
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    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Kormos, Patrick; McNamara, James P; Marks, Danny; Williams, C Jason; Marshall, Hans-Peter; Aishlin, Pam; Chandler, David G (2013): Soil, snow, weather, and sub-surface storage data from a mountain catchment in the rain-snow transition zone. Earth System Science Data, 6, 1659173, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-165-2014
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: A comprehensive hydroclimatic data set is presented for the 2011 water year to improve understanding of hydrologic processes in the rain-snow transition zone. This type of dataset is extremely rare in scientific literature because of the quality and quantity of soil depth, soil texture, soil moisture, and soil temperature data. Standard meteorological and snow cover data for the entire 2011 water year are included, which include several rain-on-snow events. Surface soil textures and soil depths from 57 points are presented as well as soil texture profiles from 14 points. Meteorological data include continuous hourly shielded, unshielded, and wind corrected precipitation, wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, dew point temperature, and incoming solar and thermal radiation data. Sub-surface data included are hourly soil moisture data from multiple depths from 7 soil profiles within the catchment, and soil temperatures from multiple depths from 2 soil profiles. Hydrologic response data include hourly stream discharge from the catchment outlet weir, continuous snow depths from one location, intermittent snow depths from 5 locations, and snow depth and density data from ten weekly snow surveys. Though it represents only a single water year, the presentation of both above and below ground hydrologic condition makes it one of the most detailed and complete hydro-climatic datasets from the climatically sensitive rain-snow transition zone for a wide range of modeling and descriptive studies.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2.3 MBytes
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-12-01
    Description: Greenland's bed topography is a primary control on ice flow, grounding line migration, calving dynamics and subglacial drainage. Moreover, fjord bathymetry regulates the penetration of warm Atlantic Water (AW) that rapidly melts and undercuts Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers. Here, we present a new compilation of Greenland bed topography that assimilates seafloor bathymetry and ice thickness data through a mass conservation (MC) approach. A new 150-m horizontal resolution bed topography/bathymetric map of Greenland is constructed with seamless transitions at the ice/ocean interface, yielding major improvements over previous datasets, particularly in the marine-terminating sectors of northwest and southeast Greenland. Our map reveals the total sea level potential of the Greenland Ice Sheet is 7.42±0.05 m, which is 7 cm greater than previous estimates. Furthermore, it explains recent calving front response of numerous outlet glaciers and reveals new pathways by which AW can access glaciers with marine-based basins, thereby highlighting sectors of Greenland that are most vulnerable to future oceanic forcing.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-12-14
    Description: Peatlands, wetlands with 〉 30 cm of organic sediment, cover more than 3 x 106 km2 of the earth surface and have been accumulating carbon and sediments throughout the Holocene. The location of peatland formation and accumulation has been dynamic over time, as peat formation in areas like Alaska and the West Siberian Lowlands preceded peat formation in Fennoscandia and Eastern North America due to more favorable climate for peat formation. Using the geographic distribution of peatlands in the past can indicate general climatic conditions, including hydroclimate, given that the underlying geology is well understood. Peatlands form under a variety of climatic conditions and landscape positions but do not persist under arid conditions, instead requiring either humid conditions or cold temperatures. However, peatlands may have existed in the past in areas not currently suitable for peatland formation and persistence, but where peats can be found at depth within the sediment column. Here we map the locations of histic paleosols, relict peat, and buried peats since the Last Glacial Maximum using a compilation of sites from previous studies. We compare these records of past peatland distribution to present-day peatland distribution. We evaluate regional differences in timing of peatland development in these buried peatlands to the development of extant peatlands. Finally, we compare the timing of past peatland extent to the to modeled paleoclimate during the Quaternary. In addition to implications for paleoclimate, these past peatlands are not well accounted for in present-day soil carbon stocks but could be an important component of deep soil carbon pools.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The shallow intrusive processes that occurred during 2002–2003 Etna eruption, as well as the complex interaction between the magma intrusive events and the tectonic response of the volcano’s eastern flank, are investigated with numerical deformation modeling and the estimation of changes in the static Coulomb stress. Ground deformation and volcanologic evidence clearly indicate a composite mechanism of intrusion on both the southern and northeastern flanks of the volcano. Geodetic data inversions have been based on a homogeneous elastic half-space model, although geological data and seismic tomography indicate that Mt. Etna is elastically inhomogeneous and that rigidity layering and heterogeneities are likely to affect the magnitude and pattern of the deformation field. To account for topographic effects, as well as a complicated distribution of material properties, we use the finite element method (FEM) to provide a more realistic model. The presence of medium heterogeneity strongly affects the amplitudes of the static stress changes. Seismicity matches well the areas of positive increase in the static stress caused by the intrusive events along the southern and northeastern flanks. The changes in the state of stress generated by the southern dike produce an extensional stress field that favors magma propagation along the north-east Rift. The highest seismic releases were associated with the activation of two fault systems, the Timpe Fault System and the Pernicana Fault. The static stress changes resolved onto these faults indicate that the magma intrusions on the southern and northeastern flanks encouraged these seismogenic structures to slip.
    Description: Published
    Description: B10206
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: numerical modeling ; ground defromation ; static stress changes ; volcano activity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Using finite element models (FEMs), we examine the sensitivity of surface displacements to the location of fault slip, topography, and three‐dimensional variations in elastic moduli in the context of a 2‐D infinite thrust fault. We then evaluate the impact of these factors and fault geometry on surface displacements and estimates of the distribution of coseismic slip associated with the 2005 Mw 8.7 Nias‐Simeulue, Sumatra earthquake. Topographic effects can be significant near the trench, where bathymetric gradients are highest and the fault is closest to the free surface. Variations in Young’s modulus can significantly alter predicted deformation. Surface displacements are relatively insensitive to perturbations in Poisson’s ratio for shear sources, but may play a stronger role when the source has a dilatational component. If we generate synthetic displacements using a heterogeneous elastic model and then use an elastic half‐space or layered earth model to estimate the slip distribution and fault geometry, we find systematic residuals of surface displacements and different slip patterns compared to the input fault slip model. The coseismic slip distributions of the 2005 earthquake derived from the same fault geometry and different material models show that the rupture areas are narrower in all tested heterogeneous elastic models compared to that obtained using half‐space models. This difference can be understood by the tendency to infer additional sources in elastic half‐space models to account for effects that are intrinsically due to the presence of rheological gradients. Although the fit to surface observations in our preferred 3‐D FEM model is similar to that from a simple half‐space model, the resulting slip distribution may be a more accurate reflection the true fault slip behavior.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q07013
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Green's functions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    In:  EPIC3Antarctic Science, 9(1), pp. 10 - 12, ISSN: 1172-1014
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 8
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    In:  EPIC3NIWA Water & Atmosphere, 9(1), pp. 10-12, ISSN: 1172-1014
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present a stress-strain analysis using the Finite Element Method to investigate failure conditions of pressured magma chambers embedded in an inelastic domain. The pressure build-up induces variations in the stress field until failure conditions are reached. Therefore, the definition of the failure conditions could have a significant impact on the volcano hazard assessment. Using a numerical approach, we analyze the stresses in a gravitationally loaded model assuming a brittle failure criterion, to determine the favorable conditions for magma chamber failure in different source geometries, reference stress states, pore fluid pressures, rock rheologies and topographic profiles. The numerical results allow us to pinpoint the conditions promoting seismicity near the magma chamber. The methodology places a limit on the pressure that a magma chamber can sustain before failing and provides a quantitative estimate of the uplift expected at the ground surface. Thermally-activated ductile regimes, which may develop in the region surrounding a heated magma chamber, are also investigated. The stress relaxation in a ductile shell may prevent the wall rupture, favoring the growth of large overpressured chambers, which could lead to considerable deformation at the ground surface without significant seismicity. The numerical results suggest that a spherical source, compressive regime, gentle edifice topography, and growth of a ductile shell are important factors for the initial formation and the mechanical stability of magma storage systems. On the other hand, an elongated ellipsoidal source, extensional regime, steep volcano topography and high pore fluid pressure lower the overpressure necessary for inducing failure. These findings could help in gaining insights on the internal state of the volcano and, hence, in advancing the assessment of the likelihood of volcano unrest.
    Description: Published
    Description: 14-27
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: numerical modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-08-10
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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