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  • United States  (1,666)
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  • Transcription, Genetic  (327)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (3,028)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • Oxford University Press
  • 2005-2009  (1,499)
  • 1985-1989  (1,529)
Collection
Keywords
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Year
  • 1
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    Psychology. Racial bias, unspoken but heard (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dovidio, John F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1641-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1184231.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, USA. john.dovidio@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Continental Ancestry Group ; Cues ; *European Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; *Nonverbal Communication ; *Prejudice ; *Social Behavior ; *Television ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    U.S. budget. Science wins $21 billion boost as stimulus package becomes law (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):992-3. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5917.992.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Budgets/legislation & jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Green energy. Another biofuels drawback: the demand for irrigation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):516-7. doi: 10.1126/science.326_516.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; *Biofuels ; *Ethanol ; Eutrophication ; Poaceae/growth & development ; United States ; *Water ; Water Supply ; Zea mays/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Coat variation in the domestic dog is governed by variants in three genes (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-29
    Description: Coat color and type are essential characteristics of domestic dog breeds. Although the genetic basis of coat color has been well characterized, relatively little is known about the genes influencing coat growth pattern, length, and curl. We performed genome-wide association studies of more than 1000 dogs from 80 domestic breeds to identify genes associated with canine fur phenotypes. Taking advantage of both inter- and intrabreed variability, we identified distinct mutations in three genes, RSPO2, FGF5, and KRT71 (encoding R-spondin-2, fibroblast growth factor-5, and keratin-71, respectively), that together account for most coat phenotypes in purebred dogs in the United States. Thus, an array of varied and seemingly complex phenotypes can be reduced to the combinatorial effects of only a few genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897713/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897713/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cadieu, Edouard -- Neff, Mark W -- Quignon, Pascale -- Walsh, Kari -- Chase, Kevin -- Parker, Heidi G -- Vonholdt, Bridgett M -- Rhue, Alison -- Boyko, Adam -- Byers, Alexandra -- Wong, Aaron -- Mosher, Dana S -- Elkahloun, Abdel G -- Spady, Tyrone C -- Andre, Catherine -- Lark, K Gordon -- Cargill, Michelle -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Wayne, Robert K -- Ostrander, Elaine A -- 1R01GM83606/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM063056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063056-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):150-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1177808. Epub 2009 Aug 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Dogs/*genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 5/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; *Hair/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Haplotypes ; Keratins, Hair-Specific/*genetics ; Lod Score ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenotype ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Thrombospondins/*genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    RNAi in budding yeast (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-12
    Description: RNA interference (RNAi), a gene-silencing pathway triggered by double-stranded RNA, is conserved in diverse eukaryotic species but has been lost in the model budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we show that RNAi is present in other budding yeast species, including Saccharomyces castellii and Candida albicans. These species use noncanonical Dicer proteins to generate small interfering RNAs, which mostly correspond to transposable elements and Y' subtelomeric repeats. In S. castellii, RNAi mutants are viable but have excess Y' messenger RNA levels. In S. cerevisiae, introducing Dicer and Argonaute of S. castellii restores RNAi, and the reconstituted pathway silences endogenous retrotransposons. These results identify a previously unknown class of Dicer proteins, bring the tool of RNAi to the study of budding yeasts, and bring the tools of budding yeast to the study of RNAi.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3786161/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3786161/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Drinnenberg, Ines A -- Weinberg, David E -- Xie, Kathleen T -- Mower, Jeffrey P -- Wolfe, Kenneth H -- Fink, Gerald R -- Bartel, David P -- GM0305010/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM040266/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM067031/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067031/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):544-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1176945. Epub 2009 Sep 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Fungal ; Genetic Loci ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/*metabolism ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroelements ; Ribonuclease III/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomycetales/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transformation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 6
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    A new wave of chemical regulations just ahead? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):692-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Industry/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Government Regulation ; *Hazardous Substances ; Humans ; Legislation as Topic ; Toxicity Tests ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Circadian rhythms. Linking the loops (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McClung, C Robertson -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1440-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1171418.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. c.robertson.mcclung@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Biological Clocks/*genetics ; Circadian Rhythm/*genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    On incentives for innovation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alberts, Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1163. doi: 10.1126/science.1184848.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics ; Budgets ; Financing, Government ; *Motivation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Peer Review, Research ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Local DNA topography correlates with functional noncoding regions of the human genome (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: The three-dimensional molecular structure of DNA, specifically the shape of the backbone and grooves of genomic DNA, can be dramatically affected by nucleotide changes, which can cause differences in protein-binding affinity and phenotype. We developed an algorithm to measure constraint on the basis of similarity of DNA topography among multiple species, using hydroxyl radical cleavage patterns to interrogate the solvent-accessible surface area of DNA. This algorithm found that 12% of bases in the human genome are evolutionarily constrained-double the number detected by nucleotide sequence-based algorithms. Topography-informed constrained regions correlated with functional noncoding elements, including enhancers, better than did regions identified solely on the basis of nucleotide sequence. These results support the idea that the molecular shape of DNA is under selection and can identify evolutionary history.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2749491/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2749491/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parker, Stephen C J -- Hansen, Loren -- Abaan, Hatice Ozel -- Tullius, Thomas D -- Margulies, Elliott H -- R01 HG003541/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003541-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):389-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1169050. Epub 2009 Mar 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA/*chemistry/genetics ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; Early Growth Response Protein 1/genetics/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    U.S. science. OSTP, NOAA chiefs finally get a chance to lead (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1656. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5922.1656a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Politics ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Agriculture. Nutrient imbalances in agricultural development (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vitousek, P M -- Naylor, R -- Crews, T -- David, M B -- Drinkwater, L E -- Holland, E -- Johnes, P J -- Katzenberger, J -- Martinelli, L A -- Matson, P A -- Nziguheba, G -- Ojima, D -- Palm, C A -- Robertson, G P -- Sanchez, P A -- Townsend, A R -- Zhang, F S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1519-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1170261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. vitousek@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture/methods ; China ; Environmental Pollution ; Fertilizers ; Kenya ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; *Soil ; United States ; *Zea mays/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Online education today (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: Online education is established, growing, and here to stay. It is creating new opportunities for students and also for faculty, regulators of education, and the educational institutions themselves. Much of what is being learned by the practitioners will flow into the large numbers of blended courses that will be developed and delivered on most campuses. Some of what is being learned will certainly improve pedagogical approaches and possibly affect other important problems, such as the lengthening time to completion of a degree. Online education is already providing better access to education for many, and many more will benefit from this increased access in the coming years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayadas, A Frank -- Bourne, John -- Bacsich, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):85-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1168874.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, 630 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10111, USA. mayadas@sloan.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computer-Assisted Instruction/economics ; *Education, Distance/economics ; Faculty ; Federal Government ; Humans ; *Internet ; Online Systems ; State Government ; Students ; Training Support ; United States ; *Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Diplomacy. U.S. takes steps to use science to improve ties to Muslim world (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):920-1. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5955.920.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *International Cooperation ; *Islam ; Middle East ; *Science ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Scientific publishing. Paper retracted following genome data breach (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1486-7. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1486a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; *Databases, Genetic ; Female ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Publishing/*standards ; *Retraction of Publication as Topic ; Substance-Related Disorders/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Widespread occurrence of self-cleaving ribozymes (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) and cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3) ribozymes form a family of self-cleaving RNAs characterized by a conserved nested double-pseudoknot and minimal sequence conservation. Secondary structure-based searches were used to identify sequences capable of forming this fold, and their self-cleavage activity was confirmed in vitro. Active sequences were uncovered in several marine organisms, two nematodes, an arthropod, a bacterium, and an insect virus, often in multiple sequence families and copies. Sequence searches based on identified ribozymes showed that plants, fungi, and a unicellular eukaryote also harbor the ribozymes. In Anopheles gambiae, the ribozymes were found differentially expressed and self-cleaved at basic developmental stages. Our results indicate that HDV-like ribozymes are abundant in nature and suggest that self-cleaving RNAs may play a variety of biological roles.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159031/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159031/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webb, Chiu-Ho T -- Riccitelli, Nathan J -- Ruminski, Dana J -- Luptak, Andrej -- R01 GM094929/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM094929-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):953. doi: 10.1126/science.1178084.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/enzymology/*genetics/growth & development ; Base Sequence ; Catalysis ; Eukaryota/enzymology/*genetics ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Hepatitis Delta Virus/enzymology/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Out with the old, in with the new? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pedersen, Roger -- G0300723/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1617. doi: 10.1126/science.1177267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics/ethics ; Embryo Research/*economics/ethics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Certificates should be retired (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hermos, John A -- Spiro, Avron 3rd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1288-9. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5919.1288c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19265002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Confidentiality/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Disclosure/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Subjects/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    U.S. higher education. Minority retention rates in science are sore spot for most universities (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 12;324(5933):1386-7. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1386a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19520937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Science Disciplines/*education ; California ; Humans ; Maryland ; Mentors ; Minority Groups/*education ; Program Evaluation ; Science/*education ; *Students ; United States ; *Universities/economics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Newsmaker interview. Nancy Pelosi: foursquare for science. Interview by Jeffrey Mervis (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pelosi, Nancy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):24. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5923.24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Federal Government ; Financing, Government ; Mathematics ; *Science/economics/education ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Biomedical research. Researchers generally happy with final stem cell rules (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):131. doi: 10.1126/science.325_131.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; *Embryo Research/economics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Registries ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    2010 U.S. budget. Congress takes care of science in quiet finish to a busy year (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1608. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5960.1608.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ; *Budgets ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Science ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    Profile: Ruth Ley. Gut reactions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1136-7. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1136.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Diet ; Digestive System/*microbiology ; Ecology/history ; Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genomics/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Metagenome ; *Microbiology/history ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
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    Science and the stiumulus. NSF boosts success rates, but at what price? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1181-2. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1181.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ; Budgets ; Financing, Government ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies/economics/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    High-throughput sequencing of the zebrafish antibody repertoire (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: Despite tremendous progress in understanding the nature of the immune system, the full diversity of an organism's antibody repertoire is unknown. We used high-throughput sequencing of the variable domain of the antibody heavy chain from 14 zebrafish to analyze VDJ usage and antibody sequence. Zebrafish were found to use between 50 and 86% of all possible VDJ combinations and shared a similar frequency distribution, with some correlation of VDJ patterns between individuals. Zebrafish antibodies retained a few thousand unique heavy chains that also exhibited a shared frequency distribution. We found evidence of convergence, in which different individuals made the same antibody. This approach provides insight into the breadth of the expressed antibody repertoire and immunological diversity at the level of an individual organism.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3086368/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3086368/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinstein, Joshua A -- Jiang, Ning -- White, Richard A 3rd -- Fisher, Daniel S -- Quake, Stephen R -- DP1 OD000251/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000251-04/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000251-05/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000251-06/OD/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):807-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1170020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/genetics ; Antibody Diversity ; Base Sequence ; Complementarity Determining Regions/*genetics ; Computational Biology ; Female ; Gene Library ; *Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Immunoglobulin Joining Region/genetics ; Immunoglobulin M/*genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; VDJ Exons ; Zebrafish/genetics/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 25
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    The 2010 census. America's Uncounted Millions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1008-9. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1008.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19460980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Censuses ; Politics ; Statistics as Topic ; United States
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    Science and the stiumulus. Shovel-ready science drives DOE decisions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1177-8. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1177.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act/*economics ; Education, Graduate ; Employment ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Financing, Government ; Laboratories ; *Research ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies/economics/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The subtle transmission of race bias via televised nonverbal behavior (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: Compared with more explicit racial slurs and statements, biased facial expressions and body language may resist conscious identification and thus produce a hidden social influence. In four studies, we show that race biases can be subtly transmitted via televised nonverbal behavior. Characters on 11 popular television shows exhibited more negative nonverbal behavior toward black than toward status-matched white characters. Critically, exposure to prowhite (versus problack) nonverbal bias increased viewers' bias even though patterns of nonverbal behavior could not be consciously reported. These findings suggest that hidden patterns of televised nonverbal behavior influence bias among viewers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764987/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3764987/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisbuch, Max -- Pauker, Kristin -- Ambady, Nalini -- F32 MH078350/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F32MH078350/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH070833/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH070833-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1711-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1178358.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA. max.weisbuch@tufts.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *African Continental Ancestry Group ; Cues ; *European Continental Ancestry Group ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Kinesics ; Male ; *Nonverbal Communication ; *Prejudice ; *Television ; United States
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    Science and the stimulus. Science and the stimulus (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1176-7. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1176.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act/*economics ; Biomedical Research/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Research/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic ; *Science ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies/economics/legislation & jurisprudence
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 29
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    Increase grants, too (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castellano, Michael J -- Mueller, Kevin E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1498. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Crop and Soil Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. mjc471@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Graduate/*economics ; *Fellowships and Scholarships ; Financing, Government ; *Research Support as Topic ; Science/*education ; *Training Support ; United States ; Universities/*economics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 30
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    The antidote to bias in research (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allison, David B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):522-3. doi: 10.1126/science.326_522b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; Conflict of Interest ; Disclosure ; Editorial Policies ; *Information Dissemination ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research/*standards ; United States
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  • 31
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    RNA polymerase IV functions in paramutation in Zea mays (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: Plants have distinct RNA polymerase complexes (Pol IV and Pol V) with largely unknown roles in maintaining small RNA-associated gene silencing. Curiously, the eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana is not affected when either function is lost. By use of mutation selection and positional cloning, we showed that the largest subunit of the presumed maize Pol IV is involved in paramutation, an inherited epigenetic change facilitated by an interaction between two alleles, as well as normal maize development. Bioinformatics analyses and nuclear run-on transcription assays indicate that Pol IV does not engage in the efficient RNA synthesis typical of the three major eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. These results indicate that Pol IV employs abnormal RNA polymerase activities to achieve genome-wide silencing and that its absence affects both maize development and heritable epigenetic changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erhard, Karl F Jr -- Stonaker, Jennifer L -- Parkinson, Susan E -- Lim, Jana P -- Hale, Christopher J -- Hollick, Jay B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1201-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1164508.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Computational Biology ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Silencing ; Genes, Plant ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Plant/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Zea mays/*enzymology/*genetics/growth & development
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    U.S. science education. Revisions to AP courses expected to have domino effect (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1488-9. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1488.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762617" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biology/*education ; *Curriculum ; *Educational Measurement ; Science/*education ; United States
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  • 33
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    DNA binding site sequence directs glucocorticoid receptor structure and activity (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: Genes are not simply turned on or off, but instead their expression is fine-tuned to meet the needs of a cell. How genes are modulated so precisely is not well understood. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) regulates target genes by associating with specific DNA binding sites, the sequences of which differ between genes. Traditionally, these binding sites have been viewed only as docking sites. Using structural, biochemical, and cell-based assays, we show that GR binding sequences, differing by as little as a single base pair, differentially affect GR conformation and regulatory activity. We therefore propose that DNA is a sequence-specific allosteric ligand of GR that tailors the activity of the receptor toward specific target genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2777810/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2777810/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meijsing, Sebastiaan H -- Pufall, Miles A -- So, Alex Y -- Bates, Darren L -- Chen, Lin -- Yamamoto, Keith R -- GM08537/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA020535/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA020535-31/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):407-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1164265.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation
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    Crystal structure of the catalytic core of an RNA-polymerase ribozyme (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Primordial organisms of the putative RNA world would have required polymerase ribozymes able to replicate RNA. Known ribozymes with polymerase activity best approximating that needed for RNA replication contain at their catalytic core the class I RNA ligase, an artificial ribozyme with a catalytic rate among the fastest of known ribozymes. Here we present the 3.0 angstrom crystal structure of this ligase. The architecture resembles a tripod, its three legs converging near the ligation junction. Interacting with this tripod scaffold through a series of 10 minor-groove interactions (including two A-minor triads) is the unpaired segment that contributes to and organizes the active site. A cytosine nucleobase and two backbone phosphates abut the ligation junction; their location suggests a model for catalysis resembling that of proteinaceous polymerases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3978776/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3978776/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shechner, David M -- Grant, Robert A -- Bagby, Sarah C -- Koldobskaya, Yelena -- Piccirilli, Joseph A -- Bartel, David P -- GM61835/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM061835/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1271-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1174676.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pairing ; Base Sequence ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Polynucleotide Ligases/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ribonucleotides/chemistry/metabolism
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    Biomedical research. A first step in relaxing restrictions on stem cell research (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1412-3. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5920.1412.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Embryo Research/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The time to demand funding (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mello, Craig C -- Walsh, John V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 9;323(5911):208. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5911.208a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Research Personnel ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics
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    Regulatory policy. U.S. panel urges clearer, cleaner role for science (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):799. doi: 10.1126/science.325_799b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; *Government Regulation ; *Public Policy ; *Science ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Reversal of RNA dominance by displacement of protein sequestered on triplet repeat RNA (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-18
    Description: Genomic expansions of simple tandem repeats can give rise to toxic RNAs that contain expanded repeats. In myotonic dystrophy, the expression of expanded CUG repeats (CUGexp) causes abnormal regulation of alternative splicing and neuromuscular dysfunction. We used a transgenic mouse model to show that derangements of myotonic dystrophy are reversed by a morpholino antisense oligonucleotide, CAG25, that binds to CUGexp RNA and blocks its interaction with muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1), a CUGexp-binding protein. CAG25 disperses nuclear foci of CUGexp RNA and reduces the overall burden of this toxic RNA. As MBNL1 is released from sequestration, the defect of alternative splicing regulation is corrected, thereby restoring ion channel function. These findings suggest an alternative use of antisense methods, to inhibit deleterious interactions of proteins with pathogenic RNAs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109973/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109973/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wheeler, Thurman M -- Sobczak, Krzysztof -- Lueck, John D -- Osborne, Robert J -- Lin, Xiaoyan -- Dirksen, Robert T -- Thornton, Charles A -- AR/NS48143/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR046806/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS064293/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K24 AR048143/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- NIDCR-T32DE07202/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR046806/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR049077/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):336-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1173110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19608921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics/*metabolism ; Actins/genetics ; Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chloride Channels/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Myotonic Dystrophy/*drug therapy/*genetics/metabolism ; Myotonin-Protein Kinase ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
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    Biomedical policy. Draft stem cell guidelines please many, disappoint some (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 24;324(5926):446. doi: 10.1126/science.324_446.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19390007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Embryo Research/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Public Policy ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells ; United States
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    Evolutionary biology. Melding mammals and molecules to track evolution (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 11;325(5946):1332. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1332.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Biology/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; United States
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    Newsmaker interview. John Holdren brings more than energy to his role as science adviser. Interview by Jeffrey Mervis (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holdren, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):324-5. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5925.324.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Conflict of Interest ; Disclosure ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Nuclear Weapons ; Research ; *Science/education ; Security Measures ; Space Flight ; United States
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    Diversity and complexity in DNA recognition by transcription factors (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: Sequence preferences of DNA binding proteins are a primary mechanism by which cells interpret the genome. Despite the central importance of these proteins in physiology, development, and evolution, comprehensive DNA binding specificities have been determined experimentally for only a few proteins. Here, we used microarrays containing all 10-base pair sequences to examine the binding specificities of 104 distinct mouse DNA binding proteins representing 22 structural classes. Our results reveal a complex landscape of binding, with virtually every protein analyzed possessing unique preferences. Roughly half of the proteins each recognized multiple distinctly different sequence motifs, challenging our molecular understanding of how proteins interact with their DNA binding sites. This complexity in DNA recognition may be important in gene regulation and in the evolution of transcriptional regulatory networks.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2905877/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2905877/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Badis, Gwenael -- Berger, Michael F -- Philippakis, Anthony A -- Talukder, Shaheynoor -- Gehrke, Andrew R -- Jaeger, Savina A -- Chan, Esther T -- Metzler, Genita -- Vedenko, Anastasia -- Chen, Xiaoyu -- Kuznetsov, Hanna -- Wang, Chi-Fong -- Coburn, David -- Newburger, Daniel E -- Morris, Quaid -- Hughes, Timothy R -- Bulyk, Martha L -- R01 HG003985/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003985-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003985-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003985-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1720-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1162327. Epub 2009 May 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Humans ; Mice ; Protein Array Analysis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/*metabolism
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    GOP must embrace science again (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 23;323(5913):461. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5913.461b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19164731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Politics ; *Public Policy ; *Science ; United States
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    Science education. Universities begin to rethink first-year biology courses (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):527. doi: 10.1126/science.325_527a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biology/*education ; *Curriculum ; Faculty ; Teaching ; United States ; *Universities
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    Ecology. Reducing the risks of the wildlife trade (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Katherine F -- Behrens, Michael -- Schloegel, Lisa M -- Marano, Nina -- Burgiel, Stas -- Daszak, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):594-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1174460.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brown University, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Providence, RI 02912, USA. katherine_smith@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Biodiversity ; Carrier State/veterinary ; *Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data ; Communicable Diseases/transmission/veterinary ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Public Health ; Public Policy ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; Zoonoses
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    Science in the White House (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holdren, John P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):567. doi: 10.1126/science.1174783.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Public Policy ; *Research ; *Science ; *Technology ; United States
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    AAAS annual meeting. Will many endangered species recover? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):998-9. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5917.998b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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    Opinion polls. An inside/outside view of U.S. science (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):132-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Data Collection ; Greenhouse Effect ; Politics ; *Public Opinion ; Religion and Science ; *Science ; United States
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    The transition. Can an ecologist push NOAA up the food chain? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):321. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5912.321.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Climate ; Ecology/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Oceans and Seas ; Politics ; *Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*organization & administration
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    Tuned for transposition: molecular determinants underlying the hyperactivity of a Stowaway MITE (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-12
    Description: Miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are widespread in eukaryotic genomes, where they can attain high copy numbers despite a lack of coding capacity. However, little is known about how they originate and amplify. We performed a genome-wide screen of functional interactions between Stowaway MITEs and potential transposases in the rice genome and identified a transpositionally active MITE that possesses key properties that enhance transposition. Although not directly related to its autonomous element, the MITE has less affinity for the transposase than does the autonomous element but lacks a motif repressing transposition in the autonomous element. The MITE contains internal sequences that enhance transposition. These findings suggest that MITEs achieve high transposition activity by scavenging transposases encoded by distantly related and self-restrained autonomous elements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Guojun -- Nagel, Dawn Holligan -- Feschotte, Cedric -- Hancock, C Nathan -- Wessler, Susan R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 11;325(5946):1391-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1175688.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; *DNA Transposable Elements ; *Genome, Plant ; Inverted Repeat Sequences ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oryza/*genetics/metabolism ; Transposases/genetics/*metabolism
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    Space science. Can a shotgun wedding help NASA and ESA explore the red planet? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1666-7. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5922.1666.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Europe ; Exobiology ; *International Cooperation ; *Mars ; *Space Flight/economics ; Spacecraft ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Paternal control of embryonic patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: The YODA (YDA) mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway promotes elongation of the Arabidopsis zygote and development of its basal daughter cell into the extra-embryonic suspensor. Here, we show that the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)/Pelle-like kinase gene SHORT SUSPENSOR (SSP) regulates this pathway through a previously unknown parent-of-origin effect. SSP transcripts are produced in mature pollen but do not appear to be translated. Instead, they are delivered via the sperm cells to the zygote and the endosperm, where SSP protein transiently accumulates. Ectopic expression of SSP protein in the leaf epidermis is sufficient to activate YDA-dependent signaling. We propose that SSP protein produced from paternal transcripts upon fertilization triggers zygotic YDA activity, providing an essential temporal cue for the regulation of the asymmetric first division.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bayer, Martin -- Nawy, Tal -- Giglione, Carmela -- Galli, Mary -- Meinnel, Thierry -- Lukowitz, Wolfgang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1485-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1167784.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Arabidopsis/*embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*metabolism ; Biocatalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Division ; Crosses, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genomic Imprinting ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mutation ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Pollen/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Seeds/growth & development/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Education. The nation's report card: a vision of large-scale science assessment (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, Alice C -- Raizen, Senta A -- Shavelson, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1637-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1177780.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. alicefu@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Achievement ; Adolescent ; Biological Science Disciplines/*education ; Child ; Earth Sciences/*education ; *Educational Measurement ; Humans ; Natural Science Disciplines/*education ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Space science. NASA, ESA choose king of planets for flagship missions in 2020 (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1154. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5918.1154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Costs and Cost Analysis ; Europe ; Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Jupiter ; *Space Flight/economics ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A frazzled/DCC-dependent transcriptional switch regulates midline axon guidance (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: Precise wiring of the nervous system depends on coordinating the action of conserved families of proteins that direct axons to their appropriate targets. Slit-roundabout repulsion and netrin-deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) (frazzled) attraction must be tightly regulated to control midline axon guidance in vertebrates and invertebrates, but the mechanism mediating this regulation is poorly defined. Here, we show that the Fra receptor has two genetically separable functions in regulating midline guidance in Drosophila. First, Fra mediates canonical chemoattraction in response to netrin, and, second, it functions independently of netrin to activate commissureless transcription, allowing attraction to be coupled to the down-regulation of repulsion in precrossing commissural axons.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4078765/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4078765/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Long -- Garbe, David S -- Bashaw, Greg J -- NS046333/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS054739/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046333/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS046333-07/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS054739/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS054739-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):944-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1171320. Epub 2009 Mar 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 1113 BRB2/3, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325078" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Nervous System/embryology/growth & development ; Neurons/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Transcriptional Activation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Regulation of neuronal survival factor MEF2D by chaperone-mediated autophagy (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: Chaperone-mediated autophagy controls the degradation of selective cytosolic proteins and may protect neurons against degeneration. In a neuronal cell line, we found that chaperone-mediated autophagy regulated the activity of myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), a transcription factor required for neuronal survival. MEF2D was observed to continuously shuttle to the cytoplasm, interact with the chaperone Hsc70, and undergo degradation. Inhibition of chaperone-mediated autophagy caused accumulation of inactive MEF2D in the cytoplasm. MEF2D levels were increased in the brains of alpha-synuclein transgenic mice and patients with Parkinson's disease. Wild-type alpha-synuclein and a Parkinson's disease-associated mutant disrupted the MEF2D-Hsc70 binding and led to neuronal death. Thus, chaperone-mediated autophagy modulates the neuronal survival machinery, and dysregulation of this pathway is associated with Parkinson's disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2666000/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2666000/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Qian -- She, Hua -- Gearing, Marla -- Colla, Emanuela -- Lee, Michael -- Shacka, John J -- Mao, Zixu -- AG023695/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS038065/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS048254/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS055077/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS47466/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS57098/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS055077/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 NS055077-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG025688/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG025688-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG023695-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048254-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):124-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1166088.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119233" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Ammonium Chloride/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Autophagy ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; HSC70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2/metabolism ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; MADS Domain Proteins/*metabolism ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Chaperones/*metabolism ; Myogenic Regulatory Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/*metabolism ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; alpha-Synuclein/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    An optimistic read on digital libraries (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fellows, Jack -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 27;323(5918):1168-9. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5918.1168b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19251610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Educational Technology ; Financial Support ; *Libraries, Digital/economics/organization & administration/standards ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Circadian rhythms. A circadian loop asSIRTs itself (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wijnen, Herman -- R01 GM078339/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078339-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM78839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):598-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1174132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA. hw9u@virginai.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors ; Acetylation ; Acrylamides/pharmacology ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; *Biological Clocks ; CLOCK Proteins ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; *Feedback, Physiological ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Mice ; Mutation ; NAD/*metabolism ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Piperidines/pharmacology ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuins/*metabolism ; Trans-Activators/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    National Science Foundation. The money to meet the president's priorities (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1128-9. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1128a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Fellowships and Scholarships/economics ; *Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Research ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Mutations in two independent pathways are sufficient to create hermaphroditic nematodes (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Although the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans produces self-fertile hermaphrodites, it descended from a male/female species, so hermaphroditism provides a model for the origin of novel traits. In the related species C. remanei, which has only male and female sexes, lowering the activity of tra-2 by RNA interference created XX animals that made spermatids as well as oocytes, but their spermatids could not activate without the addition of male seminal fluid. However, by lowering the expression of both tra-2 and swm-1, a gene that regulates sperm activation in C. elegans, we produced XX animals with active sperm that were self-fertile. Thus, the evolution of hermaphroditism in Caenorhabditis probably required two steps: a mutation in the sex-determination pathway that caused XX spermatogenesis and a mutation that allowed these spermatids to self-activate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baldi, Chris -- Cho, Soochin -- Ellis, Ronald E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):1002-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1176013.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans/anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Disorders of Sex Development/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Helminth ; Germ Cells/physiology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Oogenesis ; Ovulation ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Determination Processes ; Spermatids/physiology ; Spermatogenesis
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    U.S. science policy. NSF is keeping it simple (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):319. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5925.319.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics/*legislation & ; jurisprudence/organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    U.S. science policy. Obama courts a smitten audience at the national academy (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):576-7. doi: 10.1126/science.324_576a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; *Public Policy ; *Research ; *Science ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    A SMART plan for new investigators (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lahiri, Debomoy K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 13;326(5955):935-6. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5955.935-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Faculty ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; *Mentors ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic/standards ; *Training Support ; United States
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    Medicine. A history lesson for stem cells (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, James M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):727-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1174935.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. wilsonjm@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Therapy ; *Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Embryo Research ; *Embryonic Stem Cells/transplantation ; Genetic Therapy ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/transplantation ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Science careers. Support for tenure-track jobs in biomedical sciences (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benderly, Beryl Lieff -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 3;324(5923):27. doi: 10.1126/science.324.5923.27a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Career Mobility ; *Faculty ; *Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Personnel Selection ; *Research Personnel ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Science innovation. Assessing the impact of science funding (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lane, Julia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 5;324(5932):1273-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1175335.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science of Science and Innovation Policy, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230, USA. jlane@nsf.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19498153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Diffusion of Innovation ; *Economics ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Public Policy ; *Research Support as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Science ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    U.S. budget. Agencies sweat the details of spending billions more on science (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):696-7. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5915.696.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/economics ; *Budgets ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/organization & administration ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics/organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Impact of genome reduction on bacterial metabolism and its regulation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: To understand basic principles of bacterial metabolism organization and regulation, but also the impact of genome size, we systematically studied one of the smallest bacteria, Mycoplasma pneumoniae. A manually curated metabolic network of 189 reactions catalyzed by 129 enzymes allowed the design of a defined, minimal medium with 19 essential nutrients. More than 1300 growth curves were recorded in the presence of various nutrient concentrations. Measurements of biomass indicators, metabolites, and 13C-glucose experiments provided information on directionality, fluxes, and energetics; integration with transcription profiling enabled the global analysis of metabolic regulation. Compared with more complex bacteria, the M. pneumoniae metabolic network has a more linear topology and contains a higher fraction of multifunctional enzymes; general features such as metabolite concentrations, cellular energetics, adaptability, and global gene expression responses are similar, however.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yus, Eva -- Maier, Tobias -- Michalodimitrakis, Konstantinos -- van Noort, Vera -- Yamada, Takuji -- Chen, Wei-Hua -- Wodke, Judith A H -- Guell, Marc -- Martinez, Sira -- Bourgeois, Ronan -- Kuhner, Sebastian -- Raineri, Emanuele -- Letunic, Ivica -- Kalinina, Olga V -- Rode, Michaela -- Herrmann, Richard -- Gutierrez-Gallego, Ricardo -- Russell, Robert B -- Gavin, Anne-Claude -- Bork, Peer -- Serrano, Luis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1263-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1177263.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Avenida Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Culture Media ; Energy Metabolism ; Enzymes/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Glycolysis ; *Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae/*genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Systems Biology ; Transcription, Genetic ; rRNA Operon
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Medicine. Racing forward: the Genomics and Personalized Medicine Act (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704487/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704487/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Sandra Soo-Jin -- Mudaliar, Ashwin -- K01 HG002883-05/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- K01 HL72465/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG003389/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):342. doi: 10.1126/science.1165768.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1703, USA. sandra.lee@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150830" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Continental Population Groups/*genetics ; Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; *Genetic Variation ; Genomics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Pharmacogenetics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    United States acting to conserve tuna stocks (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balton, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 11;325(5946):1340-1. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1340b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Fisheries/*legislation & jurisprudence ; International Cooperation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Pacific Ocean ; *Tuna ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The vital role of ORWH (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hultgren, Scott -- Goldstein, Jill M -- Delancey, John O L -- Bandstra, Emmalee S -- Brady, Kathleen T -- Brown, Jeanette S -- Deng, Hong-Wen -- Dunaif, Andrea -- Ehrmann, David A -- Mayer, Emeran A -- Sinha, Rajita -- Tobet, Stuart -- Levine, Jon E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1009-10. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5917.1009c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Occupations ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *Women's Health
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The hallucinogen N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an endogenous sigma-1 receptor regulator (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-14
    Description: The sigma-1 receptor is widely distributed in the central nervous system and periphery. Originally mischaracterized as an opioid receptor, the sigma-1 receptor binds a vast number of synthetic compounds but does not bind opioid peptides; it is currently considered an orphan receptor. The sigma-1 receptor pharmacophore includes an alkylamine core, also found in the endogenous compound N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). DMT acts as a hallucinogen, but its receptor target has been unclear. DMT bound to sigma-1 receptors and inhibited voltage-gated sodium ion (Na+) channels in both native cardiac myocytes and heterologous cells that express sigma-1 receptors. DMT induced hypermobility in wild-type mice but not in sigma-1 receptor knockout mice. These biochemical, physiological, and behavioral experiments indicate that DMT is an endogenous agonist for the sigma-1 receptor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2947205/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2947205/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fontanilla, Dominique -- Johannessen, Molly -- Hajipour, Abdol R -- Cozzi, Nicholas V -- Jackson, Meyer B -- Ruoho, Arnold E -- F31 DA022932/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- NS30016/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH065503/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH065503-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS030016/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS030016-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS030016-09/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM08688/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 13;323(5916):934-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1166127.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; COS Cells ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Guinea Pigs ; Hallucinogens/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Myocardium/metabolism ; N,N-Dimethyltryptamine/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, sigma/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Tryptamines/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Public trust doctrine: in need of integration (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Portman, Michelle E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):45; author reply 45-6. doi: 10.1126/science.326_45a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Policy Center of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. mportman@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Government Regulation ; Legislation as Topic ; Oceans and Seas ; *Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    NSF rethinks its digital library (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):54-8. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5910.54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Child ; Educational Technology ; Engineering/education ; Humans ; *Internet ; *Libraries, Digital/organization & administration/standards/trends ; Mathematics ; Science/*education ; Software ; Teaching ; Teaching Materials ; Technology/education ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Breakdown revisited. Trying to stay afloat (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1604-5. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5960.1604.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ; Asia ; *Economics ; Europe ; Financial Management ; Financing, Government ; Research/*economics ; United States ; Universities/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Extinction-reconsolidation boundaries: key to persistent attenuation of fear memories (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-04
    Description: Dysregulation of the fear system is at the core of many psychiatric disorders. Much progress has been made in uncovering the neural basis of fear learning through studies in which associative emotional memories are formed by pairing an initially neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS; e.g., a tone) to an unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g., a shock). Despite recent advances, the question of how to persistently weaken aversive CS-US associations, or dampen traumatic memories in pathological cases, remains a major dilemma. Two paradigms (blockade of reconsolidation and extinction) have been used in the laboratory to reduce acquired fear. Unfortunately, their clinical efficacy is limited: Reconsolidation blockade typically requires potentially toxic drugs, and extinction is not permanent. Here, we describe a behavioral design in which a fear memory in rats is destabilized and reinterpreted as safe by presenting an isolated retrieval trial before an extinction session. This procedure permanently attenuates the fear memory without the use of drugs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625935/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625935/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monfils, Marie-H -- Cowansage, Kiriana K -- Klann, Eric -- LeDoux, Joseph E -- F31 MH083472/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F31 MH083472-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F31MH083472/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K05 MH067048/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS034007/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS047384/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH058911/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH046516/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH038774/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):951-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1167975. Epub 2009 Apr 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. monfils@mail.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/physiology ; Animals ; Conditioning, Classical ; Extinction, Psychological/*physiology ; *Fear ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism
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    Putting chemicals on a path to better risk assessment (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):694-5. doi: 10.1126/science.325_694.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chemical Industry ; Drug Industry ; Humans ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Assessment ; Toxicity Tests/economics/*methods/standards ; Toxicology/*methods ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Genetics. More than just a copy (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaessmann, Henrik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 21;325(5943):958-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1178487.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. henrik.kaessmann@unil.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chondrocytes/metabolism ; Dogs/anatomy & histology/embryology/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Extremities/*anatomy & histology/embryology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 4/*genetics ; *Gene Duplication ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Duplicate ; Humerus/embryology/metabolism ; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroelements ; Selection, Genetic ; Species Specificity ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Retrospective. Paul C. Zamecnik (1912-2009) (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Isselbacher, Kurt J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1359. doi: 10.1126/science.1184725.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. kisselbacher@partners.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemistry/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/history ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Transfer/history ; United States
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    Environmental restoration. Obama moves to revitalize Chesapeake Bay restoration (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1138-9. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Oceans and Seas ; *Seawater ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Water Pollution/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Plant pathology. The famine fighter's last battle (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):710-2. doi: 10.1126/science.324_710a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history/methods ; *Basidiomycota ; Breeding ; *Crops, Agricultural/history/microbiology ; Food Supply ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Immunity, Innate ; International Cooperation ; Nobel Prize ; *Plant Diseases/history/microbiology ; *Triticum/microbiology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    U.S. space program. Can Bolden banish NASA blues? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):261. doi: 10.1126/science.325_261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19608889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Exobiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Mars ; *Space Flight ; Spacecraft ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/*organization & ; administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Synthetic heterochromatin bypasses RNAi and centromeric repeats to establish functional centromeres (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-27
    Description: In the central domain of fission yeast centromeres, the kinetochore is assembled on CENP-A(Cnp1) nucleosomes. Normally, small interfering RNAs generated from flanking outer repeat transcripts direct histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase Clr4 to homologous loci to form heterochromatin. Outer repeats, RNA interference (RNAi), and centromeric heterochromatin are required to establish CENP-A(Cnp1) chromatin. We demonstrated that tethering Clr4 via DNA-binding sites at euchromatic loci induces heterochromatin assembly, with or without active RNAi. This synthetic heterochromatin completely substitutes for outer repeats on plasmid-based minichromosomes, promoting de novo CENP-A(Cnp1) and kinetochore assembly, to allow their mitotic segregation, even with RNAi inactive. Thus, the role of outer repeats in centromere establishment is simply the provision of RNAi substrates to direct heterochromatin formation; H3K9 methylation-dependent heterochromatin is alone sufficient to form functional centromeres.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2949999/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2949999/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kagansky, Alexander -- Folco, Hernan Diego -- Almeida, Ricardo -- Pidoux, Alison L -- Boukaba, Abdelhalim -- Simmer, Femke -- Urano, Takeshi -- Hamilton, Georgina L -- Allshire, Robin C -- 065061/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 065061/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0301153/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0301153(69173)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 26;324(5935):1716-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1172026.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 6.34 Swann Building, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Scotland, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19556509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Centromere/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; Chromosome Segregation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Heterochromatin/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Kinetochores/metabolism ; Methyltransferases/metabolism ; Mitosis ; *RNA Interference ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces/genetics/*metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    KLF family members regulate intrinsic axon regeneration ability (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-10
    Description: Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) lose their ability to regenerate early in development, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. By screening genes developmentally regulated in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), we identified Kruppel-like factor-4 (KLF4) as a transcriptional repressor of axon growth in RGCs and other CNS neurons. RGCs lacking KLF4 showed increased axon growth both in vitro and after optic nerve injury in vivo. Related KLF family members suppressed or enhanced axon growth to differing extents, and several growth-suppressive KLFs were up-regulated postnatally, whereas growth-enhancing KLFs were down-regulated. Thus, coordinated activities of different KLFs regulate the regenerative capacity of CNS neurons.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882032/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2882032/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Darcie L -- Blackmore, Murray G -- Hu, Ying -- Kaestner, Klaus H -- Bixby, John L -- Lemmon, Vance P -- Goldberg, Jeffrey L -- P30 EY014801/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059866/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059866-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348-01A2/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS061348-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R03 EY016790/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R03 EY016790-01/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R03 EY016790-02/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R03 EY016790-03/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32 NS007459/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 NS07492/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 9;326(5950):298-301. doi: 10.1126/science.1175737.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cell Count ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Growth Cones/physiology ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Nerve Crush ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neurites/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Optic Nerve Injuries/physiopathology ; Rats ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    U.S. STEM work force. Study finds science pipeline strong, but losing top students (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 30;326(5953):654. doi: 10.1126/science.326_654a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Engineering/education ; Mathematics/education ; *Science/education ; Students ; Technology/education ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    U.S. science policy. Peer review not popular at Homeland Security (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):779. doi: 10.1126/science.326_779.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Government ; *Peer Review, Research ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Department of Homeland Security/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Restructure conflicting grant incentives (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moosavi, Sadredin Cyrus -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):521. doi: 10.1126/science.326_521b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Education, Graduate/economics ; *Fellowships and Scholarships ; *Research Support as Topic ; Science/education ; *Teaching ; United States ; Universities/*economics
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  • 88
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    Resource policy. Wood energy in America (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richter, Daniel Deb Jr -- Jenkins, Dylan H -- Karakash, John T -- Knight, Josiah -- McCreery, Lew R -- Nemestothy, Kasimir P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1432-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1166214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University Program in Ecology, Southern Center for Sustainable Forests, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. drichter@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Europe ; *Trees ; United States ; *Wood
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    Gene therapy. Beta-thalassemia treatment succeeds, with a caveat (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 11;326(5959):1468-9. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5959.1468-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20007873" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Proliferation ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; HMGA2 Protein/genetics ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Male ; United States ; Young Adult ; beta-Globins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics/*therapy
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  • 90
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    Biosecurity. Lawmakers signal tougher controls on pathogen research (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):28-9. doi: 10.1126/science.326_28b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*pathogenicity ; Biomedical Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Containment of Biohazards ; Federal Government ; *Government Regulation ; Laboratories/*legislation & jurisprudence/standards/supply & distribution ; Security Measures/*legislation & jurisprudence/standards ; United States ; Viruses/*pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 91
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    Burst spiking of a single cortical neuron modifies global brain state (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: Different global patterns of brain activity are associated with distinct arousal and behavioral states of an animal, but how the brain rapidly switches between different states remains unclear. We here report that repetitive high-frequency burst spiking of a single rat cortical neuron could trigger a switch between the cortical states resembling slow-wave and rapid-eye-movement sleep. This is reflected in the switching of the membrane potential of the stimulated neuron from slow UP/DOWN oscillations to a persistent-UP state or vice versa, with concurrent changes in the temporal pattern of cortical local field potential (LFP) recorded several millimeters away. These results point to the power of single cortical neurons in modulating the behavioral state of an animal.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2913066/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2913066/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Cheng-Yu T -- Poo, Mu-Ming -- Dan, Yang -- R01 EY018861/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY018861-01/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):643-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1169957.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Electroencephalography ; Membrane Potentials ; Neurons/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Sleep Stages ; Sleep, REM ; Somatosensory Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology
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    Biosecurity. The danger within (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1282-3. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5919.1282.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19264997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines ; *Bioterrorism ; Humans ; Psychological Tests ; Research Personnel/*standards ; *Security Measures ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*standards
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    Swine flu outbreak. New details on virus's promiscuous past (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1127. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1127.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/classification/*genetics/immunology/isolation & ; purification ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza in Birds/virology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*virology ; Mexico ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/veterinary/virology ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/virology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 94
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    Knockout rats via embryo microinjection of zinc-finger nucleases (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: The toolbox of rat genetics currently lacks the ability to introduce site-directed, heritable mutations into the genome to create knockout animals. By using engineered zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) designed to target an integrated reporter and two endogenous rat genes, Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Rab38, we demonstrate that a single injection of DNA or messenger RNA encoding ZFNs into the one-cell rat embryo leads to a high frequency of animals carrying 25 to 100% disruption at the target locus. These mutations are faithfully and efficiently transmitted through the germline. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of targeted gene disruption in multiple rat strains within 4 months time, paving the way to a humanized monoclonal antibody platform and additional human disease models.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2831805/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2831805/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geurts, Aron M -- Cost, Gregory J -- Freyvert, Yevgeniy -- Zeitler, Bryan -- Miller, Jeffrey C -- Choi, Vivian M -- Jenkins, Shirin S -- Wood, Adam -- Cui, Xiaoxia -- Meng, Xiangdong -- Vincent, Anna -- Lam, Stephen -- Michalkiewicz, Mieczyslaw -- Schilling, Rebecca -- Foeckler, Jamie -- Kalloway, Shawn -- Weiler, Hartmut -- Menoret, Severine -- Anegon, Ignacio -- Davis, Gregory D -- Zhang, Lei -- Rebar, Edward J -- Gregory, Philip D -- Urnov, Fyodor D -- Jacob, Howard J -- Buelow, Roland -- 5P01HL082798-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- 5U01HL066579-08/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL082798/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL082798-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL066579/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL066579-08/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):433. doi: 10.1126/science.1172447.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 52336, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19628861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Dna ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Endodeoxyribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; *Gene Knockout Techniques ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Immunoglobulin M/*genetics ; Male ; *Microinjections ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; *Zinc Fingers/genetics ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/*genetics
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    Biosecurity. Faulty risk analysis puts biofacility plan in jeopardy (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):661. doi: 10.1126/science.325_661.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Diseases ; Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/transmission ; Kansas ; *Laboratories ; Risk Assessment ; *Security Measures ; United States ; *United States Department of Homeland Security
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Identification of splenic reservoir monocytes and their deployment to inflammatory sites (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: A current paradigm states that monocytes circulate freely and patrol blood vessels but differentiate irreversibly into dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages upon tissue entry. Here we show that bona fide undifferentiated monocytes reside in the spleen and outnumber their equivalents in circulation. The reservoir monocytes assemble in clusters in the cords of the subcapsular red pulp and are distinct from macrophages and DCs. In response to ischemic myocardial injury, splenic monocytes increase their motility, exit the spleen en masse, accumulate in injured tissue, and participate in wound healing. These observations uncover a role for the spleen as a site for storage and rapid deployment of monocytes and identify splenic monocytes as a resource that the body exploits to regulate inflammation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803111/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803111/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swirski, Filip K -- Nahrendorf, Matthias -- Etzrodt, Martin -- Wildgruber, Moritz -- Cortez-Retamozo, Virna -- Panizzi, Peter -- Figueiredo, Jose-Luiz -- Kohler, Rainer H -- Chudnovskiy, Aleksey -- Waterman, Peter -- Aikawa, Elena -- Mempel, Thorsten R -- Libby, Peter -- Weissleder, Ralph -- Pittet, Mikael J -- 1R01HL095612/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 A154904/PHS HHS/ -- P01 AI054904/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI054904-010001/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA086355/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA086355-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA86355/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R00 HL094533/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL095629/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL096576/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R24 CA69246/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL080731/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL080731-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA126515/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):612-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1175202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. fswirski@mgh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin II/blood/pharmacology ; Animals ; Antigens, Ly/metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cell Size ; Female ; Inflammation/*pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Monocytes/cytology/*physiology ; Myocardial Infarction/immunology/*pathology/*physiopathology ; Myocardium/*immunology/*pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Angiotensin/metabolism ; Spleen/cytology/*immunology ; Splenectomy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Biomedical research. Stimulus funding elicits a tidal wave of 'challenge grants' (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):867. doi: 10.1126/science.324_867a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Peer Review, Research ; *Research Support as Topic/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ethics. Senate probe of research psychiatrists (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 3;325(5936):30. doi: 10.1126/science.325_30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Disclosure ; Drug Industry/*economics ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Psychiatry/*economics/ethics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Biosecurity. Life scientists cautious about dual-use research, study finds (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):699. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5915.699.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Science Disciplines ; *Biomedical Research ; Data Collection ; Government Regulation ; *Research Personnel ; *Security Measures ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stem cells. CIRM awards seek to move cell therapies to the clinic (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):780-1. doi: 10.1126/science.326_780a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes ; Adult Stem Cells ; *Biological Therapy ; California ; Cell Line ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Stem Cells ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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