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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-12-17
    Description: Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of heterogeneous disorders caused by defects in lysosomal enzymes or transporters, resulting in accumulation of undegraded macromolecules or metabolites. Macrophage numbers are expanded in several LSDs, leading to histiocytosis of unknown pathophysiology. Here, we found that mice lacking the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3 (ENT3) developed a spontaneous and progressive macrophage-dominated histiocytosis. In the absence of ENT3, defective apoptotic cell clearance led to lysosomal nucleoside buildup, elevated intralysosomal pH, and altered macrophage function. The macrophage accumulation was partly due to increased macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor expression and signaling secondary to the lysosomal defects. These studies suggest a cellular and molecular basis for the development of histiocytosis in several human syndromes associated with ENT3 mutations and potentially other LSDs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, Chia-Lin -- Lin, Weiyu -- Seshasayee, Dhaya -- Chen, Yung-Hsiang -- Ding, Xiao -- Lin, Zhonghua -- Suto, Eric -- Huang, Zhiyu -- Lee, Wyne P -- Park, Hyunjoo -- Xu, Min -- Sun, Mei -- Rangell, Linda -- Lutman, Jeff L -- Ulufatu, Sheila -- Stefanich, Eric -- Chalouni, Cecile -- Sagolla, Meredith -- Diehl, Lauri -- Fielder, Paul -- Dean, Brian -- Balazs, Mercedesz -- Martin, Flavius -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 6;335(6064):89-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1213682. Epub 2011 Dec 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22174130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Count ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Histiocytosis/*physiopathology ; *Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Listeriosis/immunology/microbiology ; Lysosomal Storage Diseases/physiopathology ; Lysosomes/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism ; Macrophages/immunology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Myelopoiesis ; Nucleoside Transport Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Phagocytosis ; Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Thymocytes/immunology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-12-17
    Description: Antineoplastic chemotherapies are particularly efficient when they elicit immunogenic cell death, thus provoking an anticancer immune response. Here we demonstrate that autophagy, which is often disabled in cancer, is dispensable for chemotherapy-induced cell death but required for its immunogenicity. In response to chemotherapy, autophagy-competent, but not autophagy-deficient, cancers attracted dendritic cells and T lymphocytes into the tumor bed. Suppression of autophagy inhibited the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from dying tumor cells. Conversely, inhibition of extracellular ATP-degrading enzymes increased pericellular ATP in autophagy-deficient tumors, reestablished the recruitment of immune cells, and restored chemotherapeutic responses but only in immunocompetent hosts. Thus, autophagy is essential for the immunogenic release of ATP from dying cells, and increased extracellular ATP concentrations improve the efficacy of antineoplastic chemotherapies when autophagy is disabled.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michaud, Mickael -- Martins, Isabelle -- Sukkurwala, Abdul Qader -- Adjemian, Sandy -- Ma, Yuting -- Pellegatti, Patrizia -- Shen, Shensi -- Kepp, Oliver -- Scoazec, Marie -- Mignot, Gregoire -- Rello-Varona, Santiago -- Tailler, Maximilien -- Menger, Laurie -- Vacchelli, Erika -- Galluzzi, Lorenzo -- Ghiringhelli, Francois -- di Virgilio, Francesco -- Zitvogel, Laurence -- Kroemer, Guido -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 16;334(6062):1573-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1208347.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22174255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Autophagy/drug effects/*physiology ; Calreticulin/pharmacology ; Cell Death/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitoxantrone/pharmacology ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-12-17
    Description: Lifelong antibody responses to vaccination require reorganization of lymphoid tissue and dynamic intercellular communication called the germinal center reaction. B lymphocytes undergo cellular polarization during antigen stimulation, acquisition, and presentation, which are critical steps for initiating humoral immunity. Here, we show that germinal center B lymphocytes asymmetrically segregate the transcriptional regulator Bcl6, the receptor for interleukin-21, and the ancestral polarity protein atypical protein kinase C to one side of the plane of division, generating unequal inheritance of fate-altering molecules by daughter cells. Germinal center B lymphocytes from mice with a defect in leukocyte adhesion fail to divide asymmetrically. These results suggest that motile cells lacking constitutive attachment can receive provisional polarity cues from the microenvironment to generate daughter cell diversity and self-renewal.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3282111/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3282111/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnett, Burton E -- Ciocca, Maria L -- Goenka, Radhika -- Barnett, Lisa G -- Wu, Junmin -- Laufer, Terri M -- Burkhardt, Janis K -- Cancro, Michael P -- Reiner, Steven L -- 3T32GM007170-36S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- AI042370/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI065644/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI076458/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI042370/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI042370-14/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI042370-15/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI061699/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076458/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076458-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076458-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007532/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI055428/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32AI055428/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07229/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32HD007516/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 20;335(6066):342-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1213495. Epub 2011 Dec 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22174128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD40/metabolism ; *Asymmetric Cell Division ; B-Lymphocytes/*cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Communication ; Cell Polarity ; Cellular Microenvironment ; Cues ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Germinal Center/*cytology/*immunology ; Immunization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitosis ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-21/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: Ionic flux mediates essential physiological and behavioral functions in defined cell populations. Cell type-specific activators of diverse ionic conductances are needed for probing these effects. We combined chemistry and protein engineering to enable the systematic creation of a toolbox of ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) with orthogonal pharmacologic selectivity and divergent functional properties. The LGICs and their small-molecule effectors were able to activate a range of ionic conductances in genetically specified cell types. LGICs constructed for neuronal perturbation could be used to selectively manipulate neuron activity in mammalian brains in vivo. The diversity of ion channel tools accessible from this approach will be useful for examining the relationship between neuronal activity and animal behavior, as well as for cell biological and physiological applications requiring chemical control of ion conductance.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3210548/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3210548/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Magnus, Christopher J -- Lee, Peter H -- Atasoy, Deniz -- Su, Helen H -- Looger, Loren L -- Sternson, Scott M -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1292-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1206606.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzamides/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Bicyclo Compounds/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Brain/cytology/physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ligand-Gated Ion Channels/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutagenesis ; Neurons/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Binding ; *Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Quinuclidines/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Receptors, Glycine/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Nicotinic/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3/genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Small Molecule Libraries ; Stereoisomerism ; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: The chromosomal translocations found in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) generate oncogenic fusion transcription factors with aberrant transcriptional regulatory properties. Although therapeutic targeting of most leukemia fusion proteins remains elusive, the posttranslational modifications that control their function could be targetable. We found that AML1-ETO, the fusion protein generated by the t(8;21) translocation, is acetylated by the transcriptional coactivator p300 in leukemia cells isolated from t(8;21) AML patients, and that this acetylation is essential for its self-renewal-promoting effects in human cord blood CD34(+) cells and its leukemogenicity in mouse models. Inhibition of p300 abrogates the acetylation of AML1-ETO and impairs its ability to promote leukemic transformation. Thus, lysine acetyltransferases represent a potential therapeutic target in AML.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3251012/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3251012/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Lan -- Gural, Alexander -- Sun, Xiao-Jian -- Zhao, Xinyang -- Perna, Fabiana -- Huang, Gang -- Hatlen, Megan A -- Vu, Ly -- Liu, Fan -- Xu, Haiming -- Asai, Takashi -- Xu, Hao -- Deblasio, Tony -- Menendez, Silvia -- Voza, Francesca -- Jiang, Yanwen -- Cole, Philip A -- Zhang, Jinsong -- Melnick, Ari -- Roeder, Robert G -- Nimer, Stephen D -- GM62437/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062437/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062437-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):765-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1201662. Epub 2011 Jul 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/chemistry/*metabolism ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Fetal Blood/cytology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*metabolism/pathology ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry/*metabolism ; Preleukemia/metabolism/pathology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Stem cells reside in a specialized regulatory microenvironment or niche, where they receive appropriate support for maintaining self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capacity. The niche may also protect stem cells from environmental insults including cytotoxic chemotherapy and perhaps pathogenic immunity. The testis, hair follicle and placenta are all sites of residence for stem cells and are immune-suppressive environments, called immune-privileged sites, where multiple mechanisms cooperate to prevent immune attack, even enabling prolonged survival of foreign allografts without immunosuppression. We sought to determine if somatic stem-cell niches more broadly are immune-privileged sites by examining the haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) niche in the bone marrow, a site where immune reactivity exists. We observed persistence of HSPCs from allogeneic donor mice (allo-HSPCs) in non-irradiated recipient mice for 30 days without immunosuppression with the same survival frequency compared to syngeneic HSPCs. These HSPCs were lost after the depletion of FoxP3 regulatory T (T(reg)) cells. High-resolution in vivo imaging over time demonstrated marked co-localization of HSPCs with T(reg) cells that accumulated on the endosteal surface in the calvarial and trabecular bone marrow. T(reg) cells seem to participate in creating a localized zone where HSPCs reside and where T(reg) cells are necessary for allo-HSPC persistence. In addition to processes supporting stem-cell function, the niche will provide a relative sanctuary from immune attack.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3725645/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3725645/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujisaki, Joji -- Wu, Juwell -- Carlson, Alicia L -- Silberstein, Lev -- Putheti, Prabhakar -- Larocca, Rafael -- Gao, Wenda -- Saito, Toshiki I -- Lo Celso, Cristina -- Tsuyuzaki, Hitoshi -- Sato, Tatsuyuki -- Cote, Daniel -- Sykes, Megan -- Strom, Terry B -- Scadden, David T -- Lin, Charles P -- AI041521/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA111519/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL097748/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL97794/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI041521/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI073748/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA111519/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA111519-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097748/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097748-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097794/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097794-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 8;474(7350):216-9. doi: 10.1038/nature10160.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. jfujisaki@partners.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival/immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Graft Survival/*immunology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/*immunology ; Humans ; *Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Interleukin-10/deficiency/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Stem Cell Niche/cytology/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Transplantation, Homologous/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: The largest mucosal surface in the body is in the gastrointestinal tract, a location that is heavily colonized by microbes that are normally harmless. A key mechanism required for maintaining a homeostatic balance between this microbial burden and the lymphocytes that densely populate the gastrointestinal tract is the production and transepithelial transport of poly-reactive IgA (ref. 1). Within the mucosal tissues, B cells respond to cytokines, sometimes in the absence of T-cell help, undergo class switch recombination of their immunoglobulin receptor to IgA, and differentiate to become plasma cells. However, IgA-secreting plasma cells probably have additional attributes that are needed for coping with the tremendous bacterial load in the gastrointestinal tract. Here we report that mouse IgA(+) plasma cells also produce the antimicrobial mediators tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and express many molecules that are commonly associated with monocyte/granulocytic cell types. The development of iNOS-producing IgA(+) plasma cells can be recapitulated in vitro in the presence of gut stroma, and the acquisition of this multifunctional phenotype in vivo and in vitro relies on microbial co-stimulation. Deletion of TNF-alpha and iNOS in B-lineage cells resulted in a reduction in IgA production, altered diversification of the gut microbiota and poor clearance of a gut-tropic pathogen. These findings reveal a novel adaptation to maintaining homeostasis in the gut, and extend the repertoire of protective responses exhibited by some B-lineage cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3487691/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3487691/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fritz, Jorg H -- Rojas, Olga Lucia -- Simard, Nathalie -- McCarthy, Douglas D -- Hapfelmeier, Siegfried -- Rubino, Stephen -- Robertson, Susan J -- Larijani, Mani -- Gosselin, Jean -- Ivanov, Ivaylo I -- Martin, Alberto -- Casellas, Rafael -- Philpott, Dana J -- Girardin, Stephen E -- McCoy, Kathy D -- Macpherson, Andrew J -- Paige, Christopher J -- Gommerman, Jennifer L -- 67157-3/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- 89783-2/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP 114972/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP 67157/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP 89783/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP 9862/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- R00 DK085329/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R00 DK085329-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AR041148-03/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA AR041148-08/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 11;481(7380):199-203. doi: 10.1038/nature10698.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Chimera/immunology ; Citrobacter rodentium/immunology ; Coculture Techniques ; Female ; Germ-Free Life ; Granulocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Immunoglobulin A/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/immunology ; Intestine, Small/*cytology/*immunology/microbiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Monocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/biosynthesis/deficiency/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Plasma Cells/*cytology/*immunology/metabolism ; Spleen/cytology ; Stromal Cells/cytology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis/deficiency/immunology/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-05-03
    Description: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main site of protein and lipid synthesis, membrane biogenesis, xenobiotic detoxification and cellular calcium storage, and perturbation of ER homeostasis leads to stress and the activation of the unfolded protein response. Chronic activation of ER stress has been shown to have an important role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes in obesity. However, the mechanisms that lead to chronic ER stress in a metabolic context in general, and in obesity in particular, are not understood. Here we comparatively examined the proteomic and lipidomic landscape of hepatic ER purified from lean and obese mice to explore the mechanisms of chronic ER stress in obesity. We found suppression of protein but stimulation of lipid synthesis in the obese ER without significant alterations in chaperone content. Alterations in ER fatty acid and lipid composition result in the inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity and ER stress. Correcting the obesity-induced alteration of ER phospholipid composition or hepatic Serca overexpression in vivo both reduced chronic ER stress and improved glucose homeostasis. Hence, we established that abnormal lipid and calcium metabolism are important contributors to hepatic ER stress in obesity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3102791/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3102791/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, Suneng -- Yang, Ling -- Li, Ping -- Hofmann, Oliver -- Dicker, Lee -- Hide, Winston -- Lin, Xihong -- Watkins, Steven M -- Ivanov, Alexander R -- Hotamisligil, Gokhan S -- 1RC4-DK090942/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK52539/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK052539/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK052539-09/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- RC4 DK090942/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- RC4 DK090942-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32ES007155/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 26;473(7348):528-31. doi: 10.1038/nature09968. Epub 2011 May 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21532591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism/pathology ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; *Homeostasis ; Leptin/deficiency ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Liver/enzymology/metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Obesity/enzymology/*metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism ; Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase/biosynthesis/genetics ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteomics ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/antagonists & ; inhibitors/metabolism ; *Stress, Physiological ; Thinness/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-10-07
    Description: Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) by environmental xenobiotic toxic chemicals, for instance 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin), has been implicated in a variety of cellular processes such as embryogenesis, transformation, tumorigenesis and inflammation. But the identity of an endogenous ligand activating the AHR under physiological conditions in the absence of environmental toxic chemicals is still unknown. Here we identify the tryptophan (Trp) catabolite kynurenine (Kyn) as an endogenous ligand of the human AHR that is constitutively generated by human tumour cells via tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), a liver- and neuron-derived Trp-degrading enzyme not yet implicated in cancer biology. TDO-derived Kyn suppresses antitumour immune responses and promotes tumour-cell survival and motility through the AHR in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. The TDO-AHR pathway is active in human brain tumours and is associated with malignant progression and poor survival. Because Kyn is produced during cancer progression and inflammation in the local microenvironment in amounts sufficient for activating the human AHR, these results provide evidence for a previously unidentified pathophysiological function of the AHR with profound implications for cancer and immune biology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Opitz, Christiane A -- Litzenburger, Ulrike M -- Sahm, Felix -- Ott, Martina -- Tritschler, Isabel -- Trump, Saskia -- Schumacher, Theresa -- Jestaedt, Leonie -- Schrenk, Dieter -- Weller, Michael -- Jugold, Manfred -- Guillemin, Gilles J -- Miller, Christine L -- Lutz, Christian -- Radlwimmer, Bernhard -- Lehmann, Irina -- von Deimling, Andreas -- Wick, Wolfgang -- Platten, Michael -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 5;478(7368):197-203. doi: 10.1038/nature10491.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurooncology, Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21976023" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autocrine Communication ; Brain Neoplasms/genetics/immunology/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; Disease Progression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Glioma/genetics/immunology/*metabolism/*pathology ; Humans ; Kynurenine/immunology/*metabolism/pharmacology/secretion ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Paracrine Communication ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/immunology/*metabolism ; Tryptophan/metabolism ; Tryptophan Oxygenase/deficiency/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-04-19
    Description: T-helper cells that produce interleukin-17 (T(H)17 cells) are a recently identified CD4(+) T-cell subset with characterized pathological roles in autoimmune diseases. The nuclear receptors retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan receptors alpha and gammat (RORalpha and RORgammat, respectively) have indispensible roles in the development of this cell type. Here we present SR1001, a high-affinity synthetic ligand-the first in a new class of compound-that is specific to both RORalpha and RORgammat and which inhibits T(H)17 cell differentiation and function. SR1001 binds specifically to the ligand-binding domains of RORalpha and RORgammat, inducing a conformational change within the ligand-binding domain that encompasses the repositioning of helix 12 and leads to diminished affinity for co-activators and increased affinity for co-repressors, resulting in suppression of the receptors' transcriptional activity. SR1001 inhibited the development of murine T(H)17 cells, as demonstrated by inhibition of interleukin-17A gene expression and protein production. Furthermore, SR1001 inhibited the expression of cytokines when added to differentiated murine or human T(H)17 cells. Finally, SR1001 effectively suppressed the clinical severity of autoimmune disease in mice. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of targeting the orphan receptors RORalpha and RORgammat to inhibit specifically T(H)17 cell differentiation and function, and indicate that this novel class of compound has potential utility in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3148894/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3148894/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solt, Laura A -- Kumar, Naresh -- Nuhant, Philippe -- Wang, Yongjun -- Lauer, Janelle L -- Liu, Jin -- Istrate, Monica A -- Kamenecka, Theodore M -- Roush, William R -- Vidovic, Dusica -- Schurer, Stephan C -- Xu, Jihong -- Wagoner, Gail -- Drew, Paul D -- Griffin, Patrick R -- Burris, Thomas P -- DK080201/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK088499/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK089984/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM084041/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH084512/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK080201/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK080201-06/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084041/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH092769/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U54 MH084512/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U54 MH084512-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U54MH074404/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 28;472(7344):491-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10075. Epub 2011 Apr 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21499262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmunity/*drug effects/immunology ; Cell Differentiation/*drug effects ; Drug Inverse Agonism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-17/biosynthesis/immunology ; Interleukins/biosynthesis/immunology ; Ligands ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Molecular ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Sulfonamides/*pharmacology ; Th17 Cells/*cytology/drug effects/*immunology/secretion ; Thiazoles/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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