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  • 04.07. Tectonophysics
  • Correlation
  • Allgemeine Geographie
  • E62
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  • 1
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    New Insights on Principal Component Analysis (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This book on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extensively explores the core analyses and case studies within this field, incorporating the latest advancements. Each chapter delves into various disciplines like engineering, administration, economics, and technology, showcasing diverse applications and the utility of PCA. The book emphasizes the integration of PCA with other algorithms and methodologies, highlighting the enhancements achieved through combined approaches. Moreover, the book elucidates updated versions or iterations of PCA, detailing their descriptions and practical applications.
    Schlagwort(e): Eigenvectors ; Eigenvalues ; Covariance Matrix ; Data Mining ; Dimensionality Reduction Variance ; Correlation ; Principal Components ; Data Compression ; Scree Plot ; Loadings ; Algorithm ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBK Calculus and mathematical analysis::PBKS Numerical analysis
    Sprache: Englisch
    Format: image/jpeg
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Quaternary slip-rates probabilistic estimation for the Northern Apennines frontal thrust in the Po Plain (Northern Italy) by integrating surface and subsurface data (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-01
    Beschreibung: The Northern Apennines thrust front in the Po basin exhibits active blind thrusts and associated anticlines, with some anticline crests either emerging or shallowly buried beneath late Pleistocene continental deposits. This study focuses on the outcropping San Colombano Structure and its buried neighbouring Casalpusterlengo-Zorlesco Structure, representing thrust-controlled anticlines in the central part of the Po basin. We reconstruct the Pleistocene evolution of these anticlines by integrating previously published surface geological maps and subsurface geological constraints from geophysical data and boreholes. We performed a trishear inversion of the deformation observed after the decompaction of the sediments. We used the solutions of the trishear inversion to compute the probabilistic distribution of slip rates over distinct time intervals. Our findings align with previous estimations of long-term slip rates in the Po Plain during the Quaternary, revealing rates of approximately 0.63 mm/yr and 0.53 mm/yr over the past 2.4 Myr for the San Colombano and Casalpusterlengo-Zorlesco Structures, respectively. The analysis of stratigraphic markers unveils a general decrease in faults activity during the Pleistocene, with slip rates around 0.2–0.3 mm/yr in the last 0.3 Myr, along with a diverse evolution of the thrust faults governing the two anticlines. Specifically, the activity rates of the San Colombano Structure supersede that of the Casalpusterlengo-Zorlesco Structure during the Middle to Late Pleistocene, implying an out-of-sequence propagation of the San Colombano ramp-anticline in the Late Pleistocene along an oblique right-lateral transfer zone. Incorporating a probabilistic approach in slip rates calculation provides a more comprehensive handling of uncertainties. This attribute is pivotal in seismic hazard assessment analyses and understanding complex fault systems' tectonic evolution.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 230227
    Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): San Colombano thrust ; Quaternary tectonics ; Slip rates ; Trishear inversion ; Sediment compaction ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
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    Peeking inside the mantle structure beneath the Italian region through SKS shear wave splitting anisotropy: a review (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-02
    Beschreibung: Over the years, seismic anisotropy characterization has become one of the most popular methods to study and understand the Earth’s deep structures. Starting from more than 20 years ago, considerable progress has been made to map the anisotropic structure beneath Italy and the Central Mediterranean area. In particular, several past and current international projects (such as RETREAT, CAT/SCAN, CIFALPS, CIFALPS-2, AlpArray) focused on retrieving the anisotropic structure beneath Italy and surrounding regions, promoting advances in the knowledge of geological and geodynamical setting of this intriguing area. All of these studies aimed at a better understanding the complex and active geodynamic evolution of both the active and remnant subduction systems characterising this region and the associated Apennines, Alps and Dinaric belts, together with the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian basins. The presence of dense high-quality seismic networks, permanently run by INGV and other institutions, and temporary seismic stations deployed in the framework of international projects, the improvements in data processing and the use of several and even more sophisticated methods proposed to quantify the anisotropy, allowed to collect a huge amount of anisotropic parameters. Here a collection of all measurements done on core refracted phases are shown and used as a measure of mantle deformation and interpreted into geodynamic models. Images of anisotropy identify well-developed mantle flows around the sinking European and Adriatic slabs, recognised by tomographic studies. Slab retreat and related mantle flow are interpreted as the main driving mechanism of the Central Mediterranean geodynamics.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: SE215
    Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Seismic Anisotropy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
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    Volcano-Tectonic seismicity during the unrest phase on the island of Vulcano (Italy) from mid-September 2021 to December 2022 (2024)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-13
    Beschreibung: In mid-September 2021 there was a rapid increase in geophysical and geochemical parameters on the island of Vulcano, Italy, reaching alarming values. This phase of unrest aroused serious concern among Civil Protection, local authorities and the scientific community due to the risk of phreatomagmatic activity, with potentially serious repercussions on the inhabitants of the island and on visiting tourists. The beginning of the unrest was marked by a high occurrence rate of local micro-seismicity related to fluid dynamics within the shallower hydrothermal system (mainly Long Period and Very Long Period events); Volcano-Tectonic (VT) earthquakes increased in late October after most of the monitored parameters reached their climax. Afterwards, major episodes of VT activity were also recorded from March to April and at the end of the year 2022, when an earthquake of ML 4.6 occurred on December 4, SW of the island of Vulcano. Here, we analyze the VT earthquakes from January 2020 to December 2022, in terms of space-time distribution, energy release and focal mechanisms in the framework of the regional geodynamic context and in the light of the main characteristics of the seismic activity recorded in the Vulcano area over the past 36 years.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: San Francisco, California, USA
    Beschreibung: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Schlagwort(e): earthquakes ; monitoring ; volcano unrest ; Vulcano ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Oral presentation
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  • 5
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    Characteristics of the seismic activity of the island of Vulcano, Italy, during a decades-long monitoring (2024)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-12
    Beschreibung: Seismic hazard assessment is particularly relevant in case of unrest of quiescent volcanoes. The case of the sudden unrest of Vulcano, Italy, in September 2021 is an example of this, due to its potential threat of phreatic explosions 131 years after the end of its last Vulcanian eruption. The geophysical (e.g., seismic activity, ground deformation) and geochemical parameters (gas composition and temperature of fumaroles) abruptly increased and remained high for several months, forcing Italian authorities to evacuate some families from areas with high values of CO2. Despite the decades-long monitoring of the Vulcano Island, it was difficult to gather information concerning old geophysical and geochemical data, as most of them were in analog format and/or dispersed in old repositories. In this light, we have reviewed available seismic data since 1985, when another unrest occurred. Our data collection focused on identifying the main characteristics of the seismic activity on and around the island, reducing uncertainties for the assessment of future seismic scenarios.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Lacco Ameno, Ischia Island (Italy)
    Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Schlagwort(e): seismic activity ; monitoring ; Vulcano ; long-term analysis ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Oral presentation
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  • 6
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    Gravity modelling of the Tyrrhenian-Calabrian-Ionian subduction system (2024)
    Frontiers S.A.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-09
    Beschreibung: This study provides a lithospheric-scale model along the Ionian Subduction zone in Southern Italy, contributing to the seismotectonic investigation of a region which is affected by relevant historical seismicity. The study employs gravity forward modelling to build the geo-structural model along a composite, NWSE trending transect extending from the Ionian to the Tyrrhenian Sea, including the Aeolian arc and the Calabro-Peloritan onshore. Through a multidisciplinary approach, we propose new interpretations of three 2D deep-seismic reflection profiles across the study area. Such interpretative profiles are used as constraints to model the observed Bouguer gravity anomalies providing upper and lower crust geometries. Whilst a tomographic model provides constraints for the lithospheric and asthenospheric modelling. The entire workflow is constrained by literature data about Moho geometry, deep seismicity and tomographic images that are integrated to determine the subducting slab geometry. The proposed model of the entire subducting system reasonably fits the observed gravity field and is coherent with the first-order geological and geophysical constraints. The modelling results in updated Tyrrhenian and Ionian Moho depth, subducting slab geometry and location, and densities of the main units, providing valuable input about the composition and geometry of the Calabrian arc structures.
    Beschreibung: PRIN-2017 (project #2017KT2MKE_003)
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1259831
    Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Calabrian Arc (Italy) ; subducion complex ; gravity forward modeling, crustal model ; Ionian Subduction zone ; Tyrrhenian back-arc basin-calabrian arc-accretionary wedge system ; Southern Italy ; 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 7
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    Multidisciplinary analysis of 3D seismotectonic modelling: a case study of Serre and Cittanova faults in the southern Calabrian Arc (Italy) (2024)
    Frontiers S.A.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-08
    Beschreibung: Active normal faulting and uplifting, consistent with a WNW-ESE-oriented regional extension, dominate the Quaternary tectonics of the southern Calabrian Arc. The main tectonic structures of this extensional domain are considered to be the source of numerous historical and recent strong earthquakes, among which the 1783 seismic sequence (M 6.5–7) was one of the most destructive earthquakes ever recorded in Southern Italy. Previous works on the seismotectonic of the Calabrian Arc indicate a disagreement on the attitude (E-dipping vs W-dipping) of the main seismogenic sources slicing across southern Calabria, whereby the seismotectonic framework is still debated. Following a multidisciplinary approach, based on morpho-structural and seismological data, the geometry at depth of the most reliable sources (i.e., Cittanova and Serre faults) was first modelled in a 3D environment to retrieve information about their seismic potential. The GNSS data from the permanent stations of RING/RDN and TopNETlive Italy networks have been processed in order to estimate the velocity field affecting this area. Then, data inversion allowed us to document a predominant WNW-ESE active extensional strain orthogonally to the modelled faults, consistent with the regional dynamics. The reliability of the model was tested using empirical relationships and fault response modelling simulation. Furthermore, slip tendency analysis revealed the propensity to slip of the modelled planes by applying a remote stress state derived from the kinematic-structural survey on fault planes.
    Beschreibung: PRIN 2017, under grant number “2017KT2MKE” PIAno di inCEntivi per la RIcerca di Ateneo (PIACERI 2020/2022)
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1240051
    Beschreibung: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Calabrian Arc ; active tectonics ; seismogenic faults ; 3D modelling ; fault response modelling ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 8
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    Along-strike variations of strain partitioning within the Apennines determined from large-scale multi-temporal InSAR analysis (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-02
    Beschreibung: In the Apennine Mountains of the Italian Peninsula, GPS data display 3–4 mm/yr of divergent motion oriented N50°E between the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian coastlines. However, the mechanisms driving this extension remain debated and along-strike variations of extension within the actively deforming belt remain poorly constrained. Here, we derived the first large-scale extensional and vertical velocity field for the Apennines by multi-temporal InSAR analysis of 7 years of Sentinel-1 data at the scale of the entire range, improving the spatial resolution and vertical accuracy of existing GPS measurements. The results reveal along-strike variations of extensional rates and gradients, with extension concentrated on single fault systems in the north, consistent with the loci of seismicity and recent moderate earthquakes, and distributed throughout the central Apennines, where the range is widening. Vertical surface displacements do not resolve any active long-wavelength uplift of the orogenic belt and, on average, show more subsidence than uplift relative to the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts. This work provides the first InSAR-based geodetic map of differential extension and uplift within the Italian Peninsula. Our results are compatible with a pure shear extensional model of the crust, driven by both boundary and gravitational forces.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 230076
    Beschreibung: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 9
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    Slip localization on multiple fault splays accommodating distributed deformation across normal fault complexities (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-21
    Beschreibung: Deformation across structural complexities such as along-strike fault bends may be accommodated by distributed faulting, with multiple fault splays working to transfer the deformation between two principal fault segments. In these contexts, an unsolved question is whether fault activity is equally distributed through time, with multiple fault splays recording the same earthquakes, or it is instead localized in time and space across the distributed faults, with earthquakes being clustered on specific fault splays. To answer this question, we studied the distributed deformation across a structural complexity of the Mt. Marine fault (Central Apennines, Italy), where multiple fault splays accommodate the deformation throughout the change in strike of the fault. Our multidisciplinary (remote sensing analysis, geomorphological-geological mapping, geophysical and paleoseismological surveys) study identified five principal synthetic and antithetic fault splays arranged over an across-strike distance of 500 m, all of which showing evidence of multiple surface-rupturing events during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene. The fault splays exhibit different and variable activity rates, suggesting that fault activity is localized on specific fault splays through space and time. Nonetheless, our results suggest that multiple fault splays can rupture simultaneously during large earthquakes. Our findings have strong implications on fault-based seismic hazard assessments, as they imply that data collected on one splay may not be representative of the behaviour of the entire fault. This can potentially bias seismic hazard calculations.
    Beschreibung: This work was realized under the agreement between the University of Chieti-Pescara (Dep. INGEO) and the National Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology (INGV): “Ridefinizione delle Zone di Attenzione delle Faglie Attive e Capaci emerse dagli studi di microzonazione sismica effettuati nel territorio dei Centri abitati di Barete e Pizzoli in provincia de L'Aquila, interessati dagli eventi sismici verificatisi a far data dal 24 agosto 2016”, funded by the Commissioner structure for post-earthquake reconstruction of the Italian Government.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 230075
    Beschreibung: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Structural geology ; Seismic Hazard ; Active faults ; Paleoseismology ; Distributed faulting ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 10
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    Gas fields and large shallow seismogenic reverse faults are anticorrelated (2023)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-21
    Beschreibung: We investigated the spatial relationships among 18 known seismogenic faults and 1651 wells drilled for gas exploitation in the main hydrocarbon province of northern-central Italy, a unique dataset worldwide. We adopted a GIS approach and a robust statistical technique, and found a significant anticorrelation between the location of productive wells and of the considered seismogenic faults, which are often overlain or encircled by unproductive wells. Our observations suggest that (a) earthquake ruptures encompassing much of the upper crust may cause gas to be lost to the atmosphere over geological time, and that (b) reservoirs underlain by smaller or aseismic faults are more likely to be intact. These findings, which are of inherently global relevance, have crucial implications for future hydrocarbon exploitation, for assessing the seismic-aseismic behaviour of large reverse faults, and for the public acceptance of underground energy and CO2 storage facilities-a pillar of future low carbon energy systems-in tectonically active areas.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1827
    Beschreibung: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Gas fields earthquakes ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 11
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    The 2022 Seismic Sequence in the Northern Adriatic Sea and Its Long-Term Simulation (2023)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-03-20
    Beschreibung: We studied the long-term features of earthquakes caused by a fault system in the northern Adriatic sea that experienced a series of quakes beginning with two main shocks of magnitude 5.5 and 5.2 on 9 November 2022 at 06:07 and 06:08 UTC, respectively. This offshore fault system, identified through seismic reflection profiles, has a low slip rate of 0.2–0.5 mm/yr. As the historical record spanning a millennium does not extend beyond the inter-event time for the largest expected earthquakes (M ' 6.5), we used an earthquake simulator to generate a 100,000-year catalogue with 121 events of Mw 5.5. The simulation results showed a recurrence time (Tr) increasing from 800 yrs to 1700 yrs as the magnitude threshold increased from 5.5 to 6.5. However, the standard deviation s of inter-event times remained at a stable value of 700 yrs regardless of the magnitude threshold. This means that the coefficient of variation (Cv = s/Tr) decreased from 0.9 to 0.4 as the threshold magnitude increased from 5.5 to 6.5, making earthquakes more predictable over time for larger magnitudes. Our study supports the use of a renewal model for seismic hazard assessment in regions of moderate seismicity, especially when historical catalogues are not available.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3746
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Numerical modelling ; earthquake simulator ; statistical methods ; earthquake clustering ; northern Adriatic Sea ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 12
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    Dove nascono i terremoti: la sismogenesi nel Sud dell'Italia (2023)
    Consiglio Nazionale degli Ingegneri-Fondazione Consiglio Nazionale Ingegneri, SpadaMedia srl
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-16
    Beschreibung: A journey in the seismotectonics of southern Italy
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 15-20
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Schlagwort(e): 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 13
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    Frictional Properties of the Longmenshan Fault Belt Gouges From WFSD‐3 and Implications for Earthquake Rupture Propagation (2023)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-09
    Beschreibung: The 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake generated ∼270 and ∼80 km long surface ruptures along the Longmenshan fault belt, namely the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault (YBF) and the Guanxian-Anxian faults (GAF), respectively. So far, most of the frictional investigations were performed on the YBF gouge materials. Here, we present the results of rotary shear friction experiments performed on the GAF gouges recovered from the depth of ∼1.25 km of the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling project-3 along the GAF. The fault gouges, mainly composed of quartz, illite, chlorite, and kaolinite, were sheared at slip velocities V ranging from 10−5 to 2 m/s and normal stresses from 8.5 to 10 MPa under both room humidity and wet conditions. At any imposed slip velocity, the wet gouges have an apparent friction coefficient lower than the room humidity one. In addition, enhanced velocity-strengthening behavior at intermediate velocities (10 −2 m/s 〈 V ≤ 10 −1 m/s) was recognized. We characterized the products using field-emission scanning electron microscopy combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis. These microanalytical investigations evidence the formation of size reduced particles (without mineral phase changes) and R- and Y-shears in the principal slip zone (PSZ). Regardless of the ambient conditions, the width of PSZ was proportional to the input frictional work density (the product of shear stress times displacement). Our results support the hypothesis that the GAF preferentially ruptures through wet fault gouges; however, the enhanced velocity-strengthening regime at intermediate velocities may act as a barrier to slip acceleration during fault rupture propagation.
    Beschreibung: This research was financially supported by: (1) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41830217) (2) the Taiwan ROC (Republic of China) Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 110-2116-M-008-002-MY2) and Earthquake-Disaster & Risk Evaluation and Management Center (E-DREaM) (3) The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE), Taiwan, (4) ERC CoG 614705 project NOFEAR
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: e2022JB024081
    Beschreibung: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Friciton, Faults, Longmenshan ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Receiver function mapping of the mantle transition zone beneath the Western Alps: New constraints on slab subduction and mantle upwelling (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-17
    Beschreibung: To better constrain the deep structure and dynamics of the Western Alps, we studied the mantle transition zone (MTZ) structure using P-wave receiver functions (RFs). We obtained a total of 24904 RFs from 1182 events collected by 307 stations in the Western Alps. To illustrate the influence of the heterogeneity on the upper mantle velocity, we used both IASP91 and three-dimensional (3-D) velocity models to perform RF time-to-depth migration. We documented an MTZ thickening of about 40 km under the Western Alps and most of the Po Plain due to the uplift associated with the 410-km discontinuity and the depression associated with the 660-km discontinuity. Based upon the close spatial connection between the thickened MTZ and the location of the subducted slabs, we proposed that the thick MTZ was due to the subduction of the Alpine slab through the upper MTZ and the presence of remnants of subducted oceanic lithosphere in the MTZ. The uplift associated with the 410-km discontinuity provided independent evidence of the subduction depth of the Western Alps slab. In the Alpine foreland in eastern France, we observed localized arc-shaped thinning of the MTZ caused by a 12 km depression of the 410-km discontinuity, which has not been previously reported. This depression indicated a temperature increase of 120 K in the upper MTZ, and we proposed that it was caused by a small-scale mantle upwelling. Hardly any uplift of the 660 km discontinuity was observed, suggesting that the thermal anomaly was unlikely to be the result of a mantle plume. We observed that the thinning area of the MTZ corresponded to the area with the highest uplift rate in the Western Alps, which may have indicated that the temperature increase caused by the mantle upwelling contributed to the topographic uplift.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 117267
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): receiver function, mantle transition, slab subduction ; Receiver function for the Western Alps ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Il contesto sismotettonico dei vulcani di fango e delle emissioni gassose dell’Appennino Emiliano (2023)
    Ante Quem
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-17
    Beschreibung: The seismotectonics of mud volcanoes and gaseous emissions of the Northern Apennines
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Schlagwort(e): 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 16
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    Origin of Seismicity in Italy as a Clue for Seismic Hazard (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-22
    Beschreibung: ItalianseismicityisgeneratedbytheongoingsubductionoftheEuro- pean lithosphere beneath the Alps, and the Adriatic lithosphere beneath the Apen- nines. The two belts are extremely different due to their opposite polarity relative to the inferred underlying ‘eastward’ mantle flow. Contractional tectonics is con- centrated in low topography areas, whereas extensional tectonics and the larger magnitude seismicity due to normal faulting is preferentially located along the Apennines ridge, where the brittle crustal layer is thicker and the lithostatic load is maximum. Seismicity is the result of dissipation of energy along passive faults but stored mostly in crustal volumes located in the hangingwall of the faults. The 2–5 mm/yr deformation in all Italian tectonic settings prevents the occurrence of great earthquakes (Mw 8) that rather occur in other areas of the world where deformation rates are at least one order of magnitude faster. The maximum event so far recorded in Italy is Mw 7.3, 1693 southeast Sicily. InSAR data nowadays provide a precise definition of the epicentral area of an earthquake, which can be several hundred km2. The epicentral area is defined as the ‘active’ domain where the hangingwall is moving along the fault and it is contemporaneously crossed by the seismic waves radiated by the fault plane due to the friction in it. Within the active domain occur the strongest coseismic shaking, both vertical and horizontal. The vertical coseismic motion allows the horizontal shaking to be much more effective.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 168-180
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Schlagwort(e): Italian geodynamics ; Elastoquakes ; Graviquakes ; Vertical motion ; Epicentral areas ; Active domain ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 17
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    IPSI 1.5, Database of Italian Present-day Stress Indicators (2023)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-04-18
    Beschreibung: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Schlagwort(e): present-day stress ; borehole breakout ; earthquake focal mechanism ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
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    Unbekannt
    Magnitude Distribution and Clustering Properties of the 3D Seismicity in Central Apennines (Italy) (2023)
    Oxford University Press - The Royal Astronomical Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-05-25
    Beschreibung: In this paper we deal with statistical features of earthquakes, seeking possible correlations between the G-R magnitude distribution and the short-term clustering in an area of the Central Apennines, Italy, where significant seismicity with earthquakes exceeding magnitude 6.0 has been repeatedly observed from 1990 to the present. For this purpose, a recently developed version of the ETAS model, incorporating a threedimensional spatial triggering kernel, has been adopted. Our analysis has been carried out representing the b-value and the probability of independence of events on six vertical cross-sections suitably related to the seismic structures that are considered responsible of the seismicity observed in the study area. The results of the statistical analysis of the seismicity in the study area have shown a clear distinction between the western normal low-angle fault system, characterized by eastward dip, and the eastern normal fault systems, with westward dip. In the former (Etrurian Fault System; EFS) we found seismicity with a high b-value and high probability of independence, i.e., a scarce capacity of producing clusters and strong aftershock sequences. The eastern fault systems of our study area are distinguishable in two main distinct systems, which generated two strong seismic sequences in 1997 and 2016-2017. In the former (Colfiorito) sequence the seismicity showed a very low b-value and a modest probability of independence, while in the latter (Central Italy) sequence the bvalue was significantly higher and the probability of independence had extremely low values (manifesting a high level of clustering). The much higher b-value of the EFS than the other extensional sources could be caused by its peculiar seismotectonic role of discontinuity at the base of the normal active faulting, and its reduced capacity of accumulating stress. This circumstance may be interpreted by a difference in the rheological properties of these fault systems, possibly also in relation to their present status in the earthquake cycle and the presence of strong aftershock sequences.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2004–2020
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Seismicity and tectonics ; Probability distributions ; Statistical seismology ; Fault zone rheology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
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    Buried Alive: Imaging the 9 November 2022, Mw 5.5 Earthquake Source on the Offshore Adriatic Blind Thrust Front of the Northern Apennines (Italy) (2023)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-05
    Beschreibung: The prompt identification of faults responsible for moderate-to-large earthquakes is fundamental for understanding the likelihood of further, potentially damaging events. This is increasingly challenging when the activated fault is an offshore buried thrust, where neither coseismic surface ruptures nor GPS/InSAR deformation data are available after an earthquake. We show that on 9 November 2022, an Mw 5.5 earthquake offshore Pesaro ruptured a portion of the buried Northern Apennines thrust front (the Cornelia thrust system [CTS]). By post-processing and interpreting the seismic reflection profiles crossing this thrust system, we determined that the activated fault (CTS) is an arcuate 30-km-long, NW-SE striking, SW dipping thrust and that older structures at its footwall possibly influenced its position and geometry. The activation of adjacent segments of the thrust system is a plausible scenario that deserves to be further investigated to understand the full earthquake potential of this offshore seismogenic source.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: e2022GL102299
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Beschreibung: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Beschreibung: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Seismic reflection profiles ; Structural geology ; blind thrust ; buried fault ; earthquake sequence ; seismogenic fault ; subsurface modelling ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 20
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    Unbekannt
    Fault dip vs shear stress gradient (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-28
    Beschreibung: In the brittle regime, faults tend to be oriented along an angle of about 30° relative to the principal stress direction. This empirical Andersonian observation is usually explained by the orientation of the stress tensor and the slope of the yield envelope defined by the Mohr-Coulomb criterion, often called critical-stress theory, assuming frictional properties of the crustal rocks (μ ≈ 0.6−0.8). However, why the slope has a given value? We suggest that the slope dip is constrained by the occurrence of the largest shear stress gradient along that inclination. High homogeneous shear stress, i.e., without gradients, may generate aseismic creep as for example in flat decollements, both along thrusts and low-angle normal faults, whereas along ramps larger shear stress gradients determine higher energy accumulation and stick-slip behaviour with larger sudden seismic energy release. Further variability of the angle is due to variations of the internal friction and of the Poisson ratio, being related to different lithologies, anisotropies and pre-existing fractures and faults. Misaligned faults are justified to occur due to the local weaknesses in the crustal volume; however, having lower stress gradients along dip than the optimally-oriented ones, they have higher probability of being associated with lower seismogenic potential or even aseismic behavior.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 100211
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Schlagwort(e): Fault dip ; Tectonic settings ; Shear stress gradients ; Tectonics ; Seismogenic faults ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
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    A novel infrastructure for the continuous monitoring of soil CO2 emissions: a case study at the alto Tiberina near fault observatory in Italy (2023)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-08-29
    Beschreibung: Static and dynamic stress, along with earthquakes, can trigger the emission and migration of crustal fluids, as frequently observed on the surface and within the upper crust of tectonically active areas such as the northern Apennines of Italy. To investigate the origin of these fluids and their interconnection with the seismogenic process, we complemented The Alto Tiberina Near Fault Observatory (TABOO-NFO), a multidisciplinary monitoring infrastructure composed of a dense array of seismic, geodetic, strain, and radon sensors, with a proper geochemical network grounded on four soil CO2 flux monitoring stations and weather sensors, placed near the main vents of the superficial manifestations. The TABOO-NFO is a state-of-the-art monitoring infrastructure, which allows for studying various geophysical parameters connected to the deformation processes active along a crustal fault system dominated by the Alto Tiberina fault (ATF), which is a 60 km long normal fault dipping at a low angle (〈15°–20°). The region is favourable for conducting geochemical studies, as it is characterised by the presence of over-pressurised fluids trapped at certain depths and superficial manifestations associated with the emission of large quantities of fluids. After describing the theoretical framework and the technological aspects based on which we developed the geochemical monitoring network, we described the data recorded in the first months. Over the studied period, the results showed that soil CO2 flux was primarily influenced by environmental parameters, and that the selected sites received a regular supply of deep-origin CO2.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1172643
    Beschreibung: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e "precursori"
    Beschreibung: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Beschreibung: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): soil CO2 emissions ; Tiberina fault ; tectonic stress and strain ; TABOO-NFO ; seismogenic processes ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 22
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    Plio-Quaternary coastal landscape evolution of north-western Sicily (Italy) (2023)
    Taylor & Farncis online
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-03
    Beschreibung: ABSTRACTWe present and discuss the results of a geomorphological and geological study aimed at reconstructing the Plio-Quaternary evolution of the NW Sicily coastal belt , a low strain rate region in the central Mediterranean Sea.We performed morphometric and field analysis of Quaternary marine terraces extracting more than 300 shoreline location points subdivided into six orders. The obtained dataset was validate by investigating the morphological changes along topographic profiles and comparing the extracted locations and elevations with the stratigraphic boundaries in the Plio-Quaternary units.We distinguished two contiguous coastal sectors characterized by different paleo-shoreline elevations and Plio-Quaternary evolution, whose estimated uplift rates fit well with the well-known, regional eastward uplift rate increase along the Northern Sicilian continental margin.Obtained results, summarized in a geomorphological map and a morpho-evolutionary model, provide new valuable data to characterize the active deformation processes and the seismotectonic setting in this critical sector of the Africa-Europe plate boundary.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2159889
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Marine terraces ; Coastal landscape evolution ; Low strain rate region ; Quaternary ; Sea level change ; southern Italy ; 04.04. Geology ; 03.01. General ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 23
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    Unbekannt
    Dove nascono i terremoti: la sismogenesi dell’Italia centrale e settentrionale (2023)
    Consiglio Nazionale degli Ingegneri
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-10
    Beschreibung: È tracciato qui un sintetico percorso per descrivere la sismotettonica dell’Italia centrale e settentrionale, attraverso l’analisi delle deformazioni e delle dislocazioni oggi in atto nella litosfera, la porzione più esterna e fredda del pianeta. Usualmente non siamo non grado di renderci conto delle deformazioni crostali attualmente in corso - oggetto di studio della cosiddetta tettonica attiva - ma sappiamo che sono sempre presenti e che da queste si originano i terremoti. Descriveremo pertanto i principali sistemi di faglie ritenuti in grado di generare forti terremoti nell’Italia centrale e settentrionale. La completa parametrizzazione della geometria e della cinematica di una faglia attiva e in grado di generare terremoti viene definita sorgente sismogenetica; ci concentreremo sulle sorgenti ritenute responsabili dei terremoti più forti, in particolare dei terremoti di magnitudo superiore a 5.5. Precisiamo che la magnitudo di 5.5 è ritenuta discriminante per due principali motivi: 1. è usualmente considerata il valore “di soglia” oltre il quale la faglia assume dimensioni tali da poter – in taluni casi – essere identificata attraverso le metodologie geologiche; 2. in Italia, per via delle tipologie costruttive prevalenti, lo scuotimento generato da terremoti crostali con magnitudo superiore a 5.5 può creare danni significativi alle opere antropiche
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 17-22
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Schlagwort(e): 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 24
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    Scaling properties of seismicity and faulting (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-01
    Beschreibung: The Gutenberg–Richter law and the Omori law are both characterized by a scaling behavior. However, their relation is still an open question. Although several hypotheses have been formulated, a comprehen- sive geophysical mechanism is still missing to explain the observed variability of the scaling exponents b-value and p-value, e.g., correlating the seismic cycle to statistical seismology and tectonic processes. In this work, a model for describing the size-frequency scaling and the temporal evolution of seismicity is proposed starting from simple assumptions. The parameter describing how the number of earthquakes decreases after a major seismic event, p, turns out to be positively correlated to the exponent of the frequency-size distribution of seismicity, b, and related to tectonics. Our findings suggest that p ≈ 23 (b + 1). It implies that a relationship between fracturing regimes, “efficiency” of the seismic process, duration of the seismic sequences and geodynamic setting exists, with outstanding potential impact on seismic hazard. On the other hand, the Gutenberg–Richter law simply reflects the tendency of the segments of the Earth’s crust to reach mechanical stability via constrained energy-budget optimization. Each perturbation has a probability of growing an earthquake or not, depending on disorder within the fault zone and the energy accumulated in the adjoining volume, mainly controlling the evolution of seismic sequences. The results are consistent with the different energy sources related to the tectonic settings, i.e., gravitational in extensional regimes, having higher b and p values, and generating lower maximum magnitude earthquakes with respect to strike-slip and contractional settings, which are rather fueled by elastic energy, showing lower b and p values, and they may generate higher magnitude events.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 117511
    Beschreibung: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Gutenberg–Richter distribution ; fracturing and fault disorder ; Omori–Utsu law ; earthquake triggering ; tectonic setting ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 25
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    The Submarine Boundaries of Mount Etna’s Unstable Southeastern Flank (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-07
    Beschreibung: Coastal and ocean island volcanoes are renowned for having unstable flanks. This can lead to flank deformation on a variety of temporal and spatial scales ranging from slow creep to catastrophic sector collapse. A large section of these unstable flanks is often below sea level, where information on the volcano-tectonic structure and ground deformation is limited. Consequently, kinematic models that attempt to explain measured ground deformation onshore associated with flank instability are poorly constrained in the offshore area. Here, we attempt to determine the locations and the morpho-tectonic structures of the boundaries of the submerged unstable southeastern flank of Mount Etna (Italy). The integration of new marine data (bathymetry, microbathymetry, offshore seismicity, reflection seismic lines) and published marine data (bathymetry, seafloor geodesy, reflection seismic lines) allows identifying the lineament north of Catania Canyon as the southern lateral boundary with a high level of confidence. The northern and the distal (seaward) boundaries are less clear because no microbathymetric or seafloor geodetic data are available. Hypotheses for their locations are presented. Geophysical imaging suggests that the offshore Timpe Fault System is a shallow second-order structure that likely results from extensional deformation within the moving flank. Evidence for active uplift and compression upslope of the amphitheater-shaped depression from seismic data along with subsidence of the onshore Giarre Wedge block observed in ground deformation data leads us to propose that this block is a rotational slump, which moves on top of the large-scale instability. The new shoreline-crossing structural assessment may now inform and improve kinematic models.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 810790
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): seafloor ; fault ; flank dynamics ; hydroacoustic ; geodesy ; seismic profiles ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 05.02. Data dissemination
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 26
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    Comment on “Fragmentation of the Adriatic Promontory: New Chronological Constraints From Neogene Shortening Rates Across the Southern Alps (NE Italy)” by Moulin & Benedetti (2022)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-29
    Beschreibung: Moulin and Benedetti (2018), https://doi.org/10.1029/2018tc00495810.1029/2018tc004958 present a new interpretation of the Neogene-Quaternary tectonic evolution of the Eastern Southern Alps (ESA) in Friuli. After the reinterpretation of literature field data by means of remote sensing analysis (Digital Elevation Model interpretation), they calculated deformation rates of the tectonic structures through age interpretation of geomorphological surfaces of the Veneto-Friuli piedmont plain. The authors linked the result of surface analysis to the thrust and fold architecture of the ESA basing on the Castellarin et al. (2006), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2005.10.013 interpretation of TRANSALP project and the Friuli geological map at the scale 1:150,000 (Carulli, 2006). Discussing their new architecture of the ESA, the Authors finally yielded rates of Europe-Adria plates convergence and suggest fragmentation of Adria over the last 1–2 Ma. The present comment is aimed at discussing several critical points concerning: the use of the geomorphological and chronological data; the misinterpretation of the Digital Terrain Model; the reconstruction of the balanced geological cross section. Moreover, the application of a structural model defined in a certain area to another without considering peculiar structural complexities available in the literature results is geologically and methodologically questionable.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: e2019TC005696
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Comment ; active tectonics ; NE Italy ; Eastern Southern Alps ; Geodynamics ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 27
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    Paleoseismological evidence for historical ruptures along the Meduno Thrust (eastern Southern Alps, NE Italy) (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-04-29
    Beschreibung: We carried out new geological, morphotectonic, geophysical and paleoseismological investigations on the Meduno Thrust that belongs to the Pliocene-Quaternary front of the eastern Southern Alps in Friuli (NE Italy). The study area is located in the Carnic Prealps, where a series of alluvial terraces, linked to both climatic and tectonic pulses characterises the lower reach of the Meduna Valley. In correspondence of the oblique ramp of the Meduno Thrust, the Late Pleistocene Rivalunga terrace shows a set of scarps perpendicular to the Meduno valley, often modified by human activity. In order to reconstruct the tectonic setting of the area and identify the location for digging paleoseismological trenches, integrated geophysical investigations including electrical resistivity tomography, seismic refraction and reflection, ground penetrating radar and surface wave analyses (HVSR, ReMi and MASW), were carried out across the scarps of the Rivalunga terrace. Geophysical surveys pinpointed that in correspondence of the oblique ramp, stress is accommodated by a transpressive thrust system involving all the seismo-stratigraphic horizons apart from the ploughed soil. Trenching illustrated the Meduno Thrust movements during Late Pleistocene-Holocene. Trenches exhibited both shear planes and extrados fracturing, showing deformed alluvial and colluvial units. 14C datings of the colluvial units show that the most recent fault movements occurred after 1360 CE and 1670 CE. The age of the deformed stratigraphic units compared with the earthquakes listed in current catalogues, suggests that the 1776 earthquake (Mw 5.8, Io = 8–9 MCS) could represent the last seismic event linked to the Meduno thrust activity. This study provided new quantitative constraints improving seismic hazard assessment for Carnic prealpine area.
    Beschreibung: The research developed in the framework of the agreement between the Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia - Direzione Centrale Ambiente ed Energia - Servizio Geologico, the Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (I.S.P.R.A.) and the University of Udine. The project was funded by the Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia, Direzione Centrale Ambiente ed Energia, Servizio Geologico (C.I. G.: Z0E0C5EF75, p.i. Maria Eliana Poli).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 229071
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Active fault ; Paleoseismology ; Morphogenic earthquake ; Eastern Southern Alps ; Applied geophysics ; NE Italy ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 28
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    Aeromagnetism (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-10
    Beschreibung: The airborne magnetic method was established a few decades ago, as a strong tool in mining and petroleum exploration. Several economically relevant discoveries are often credited to aeromagnetism. Geological reconnaissance and mapping, deep crustal and upper mantle studies, environmental characterization, and national and international security issues can greatly benefit from the aeromagnetic method, as compared with other geophysical prospecting schemes. The rapid rate of coverage and the low cost per unit area explored represent just a few among the many advantages of the technique. Consequently, large-scale airborne magnetic surveys have been carried out in various parts of the globe. The amount of direct discoveries of ore bodies by means of aeromagnetism is impressive. Large magnetic iron deposits found in the early 1960s are in Southern California, Missouri, Nevada, Pennsylvania, Quebec, Ontario, and elsewhere. In the field of petroleum exploration, the method has also been used, although with less direct application. Depth to magnetic basement estimation in sedimentary basins narrows down areas of interest where to conduct exploration surveys in detail by means of more costly methods. The most relevant use of airborne magnetic results is crustal imaging and characterization. Nowadays, geology is interpreted in three dimensions using a digital aeromagnetic map.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 675-688
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Beschreibung: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Beschreibung: 5A. Ricerche polari e paleoclima
    Beschreibung: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
    Beschreibung: 1TR. Georisorse
    Beschreibung: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Beschreibung: 6SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Beschreibung: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Schlagwort(e): aeromagnetism ; potential fields ; magnetic anomaly ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.05. Geomagnetism ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 29
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    Physics-Based Simulation of Sequences with Foreshocks, Aftershocks and Multiple Main Shocks in Italy (2022)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: We applied a new version of physics-based earthquake simulator upon a seismogenic model of the Italian seismicity derived from the latest version of the Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS). We elaborated appropriately for their use within the simulator all fault systems identified in the study area. We obtained synthetic catalogs spanning hundreds of thousands of years. The resulting synthetic seismic catalogs exhibit typical magnitude, space and time features that are comparable to those obtained by real observations. A typical aspect of the observed seismicity is the occurrence of earthquake sequences characterized by multiple main shocks of similar magnitude. Special attention was devoted to verifying whether the simulated catalogs include this notable aspect, by the use of an especially developed computer code. We found that the phenomenon of Coulomb stress transfer from causative to receiving source patches during an earthquake rupture has a critical role in the behavior of seismicity patterns in the simulated catalogs. We applied the simulator to the seismicity of the northern and central Apennines and compared the resulting synthetic catalog with the observed seismicity for the period 1650–2020. The result of this comparison supports the hypothesis that the occurrence of sequences containing multiple mainshocks is not just a casual circumstance.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2062
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): numerical modeling ; earthquake simulator ; statistical methods ; earthquake clustering ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 30
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    Editorial: Achievements and New Frontiers in Research Oriented to Earthquake Forecasting (2022)
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-17
    Beschreibung: Forecasting earthquakes is a challenging scientific task, due to the intrinsic complexity of the problem, as well as to the limited size and different accuracy of available observations. During the last decades increasing efforts have been devoted by geophysical research in an attempt to answer the following fundamental questions: 1) Which are the physical processes that take place in the Earth crust that are relevant for an earthquake to nucleate? 2) How can we observe, describe and model them statistically and physically? Although a clear univocal picture is still missing, a large amount of data and long-term observations accumulated over the time, as well as new methodological approaches, which eventually allow for development and verification of theoretical models. Observations and physical models suggest that several processes in the Earth’s lithosphere are predictable, but after substantial averaging and up to a limit. Accordingly, earthquake forecasting requires a holistic approach, and should be posed as an integrated, multi-scale process, narrowing down the magnitude range, territory, and time of expectation, all within the limits imposed by physics and data uncertainties. The understanding of governing laws, from long-term tectonic loading and slow nucleation to rapid rupture propagation, may contribute to estimate the stress state and temporal evolution of geophysical observables around seismically active areas.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 793911
    Beschreibung: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e "precursori"
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): earthquake preparation processes, stress field variations, earthquake source physics, earthquake forecasting, test site areas ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 31
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    A first appraisal of the seismogenic and tsunamigenic potential of the largest fault systems in the westernmost Mediterranean (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-22
    Beschreibung: The westernmost Mediterranean hosts part of the plate boundary between the European and African tectonic plates. Based on the scattered instrumental seismicity, this boundary has been traditionally interpreted as a wide zone of diffuse deformation. However, recent seismic images and seafloor mapping studies support that most of the plate convergence may be accommodated in a few tectonic structures, rather than in a broad region. Historical earthquakes with magnitudes Mw 〉 6 and historical tsunamis support that the low-to-moderate instrumental seismicity might also have led to underestimation of the seismogenic and tsunamigenic potential of the area. We evaluate the largest active faults of the westernmost Mediterranean: the reverse Alboran Ridge, and the strike-slip Carboneras, Yusuf and Al-Idrissi fault systems. For the first time, we use a dense grid of modern seismic data to characterize the entire dimensions of the main fault systems, accurately describe the geometry of these structures and estimate their seismic source parameters. Tsunami scenarios have been tested based on 3D-surfaces and seismic source parameters, using both uniform and heterogeneous slip distributions. The comparison of our results with previous studies, based on limited information on the fault geometry and kinematics, indicates that accurate fault geometries and heterogeneous slip distributions are needed to properly assess the seismic and tsunamigenic potential in this area. Based on fault scaling relations, the four fault systems have a large seismogenic potential, being able to generate earthquakes with Mw 〉 7. The reverse Alboran Ridge Fault System has the largest tsunamigenic potential, being able to generate a tsunami wave amplitude greater than 3 m in front of the coasts of Southern Spain and Northern Africa.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 106749
    Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Western Mediterranean ; Seismogenic potential ; Tsunamigenic potential ; Numerical modelling ; Active faults ; Active seismic data ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 32
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    Monitoring and Mapping Active Deformation offshore Etna, Cruise No. AL532 (2022)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-02
    Beschreibung: The vessel left the port of Catania with a delay of seven days owing to bad weather conditions during the transit to Catania. The four-days long cruise with five scientists took place with excellent weather conditions without exception. The main purpose of the cruise was to collect high-resolution seafloor bathymetric data with an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) and a ship-based multibeam echosounder. Deployment and recovery of the AUV Abyss with the Launch-and-recovery-system (LARS) was a premiere onboard RV ALKOR. Abyss did four dives, out of which two provided important data. In addition, about 250 km of ship-based echosounder tracks were sailed and three Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) profiles were taken.
    Beschreibung: GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Schlagwort(e): seafloor ; fault ; deformation ; hydroacoustic ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: report
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  • 33
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    Post-50 Ma Evolution of India-Asia Collision Zone From Paleomagnetic and GPS Data: Greater India Indentation to Eastward Tibet Flow (2022)
    AGU-Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-10
    Beschreibung: We re-evaluate 357 Jurassic-Holocene paleomagnetic datasets from Tibet-Indochina and compare them with present-day Global Position System velocity field. SE Tibet NW of the East Himalaya Syntaxis (EHS) underwent 20°–30° counterclockwise rotations around 50 Ma, and mostly clockwise rotations after 40 Ma. NE of the EHS, post-50 Ma clockwise rotation occurred, whereas highly scattered clockwise rotations took place on northern Indochina at 25–15 Ma, after a remagnetization episode. We suggest that the indentation of Greater India NE corner at ∼50 Ma resulted in a wide orogenic reentrant characterized by opposite rotations at orocline limbs. Rotations East of EHS after 40 Ma were likely due to local strike-slip fault activity. After 30 Ma, the ongoing India collision fragmented Indochina into km-scale blocks that experienced independent rotations. The present-day clockwise rotation pattern around the EHS started at 15–10 Ma along with eastward Tibet crustal spreading, and has not produced yet a detectable paleomagnetic rotation.
    Beschreibung: The Ph.D. grant of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) and of the Department of Science of Roma Tre University is gratefully acknowledged.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: e2021GL096623
    Beschreibung: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): tectonics ; paleomagnetism ; geodesy ; tibet ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 03.01. General
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Out of phase Quaternary uplift-rate changes reveal normal fault interaction, implied by deformed marine palaeoshorelines (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-09-15
    Beschreibung: We have mapped and constrained the timing of tectonically deformed uplifted Late Quaternary palaeoshorelines in the Messina Strait, southern Italy, an area above a subduction zone containing active normal faults. The palaeoshorelines are preserved from up to thirteen Late Quaternary sea-level highstands, providing a record of the deformation over this timescale (~500 ka) for the Messina-Taormina Fault, the Reggio Calabria Fault and the Armo Fault. The palaeoshorelines reveal spatial patterns of uplift through time along the strike of these normal faults, and, given the across strike arrangement of the faults, also reveal how the contribution of each fault to the regional strain-rate progressed through time. The results reveal that the uplift rates mapped within the fault hangingwalls and footwalls were not constant through time, with a marked change in the location of strain accumulation at ~50 ka. The uplift rates, once converted into throw-rates, imply that the three faults comprised similar throw-rates prior to ~50 ka (in the range 0.77–0.96 mm/yr), with the Armo and Reggio Calabria faults then switching to lower rates (0.32 mm/yr and 0.33 mm/yr respectively), whilst the Messina-Taormina Fault accelerated to 2.34 mm/yr. The regional extension rate, gained by summing the implied heave rates across the three faults, was maintained through time despite this re-organisation of local strain accumulation at ~50 ka. We explain these out-of-phase fault throw-rate changes during the constant-rate regional extension conditions as due to interactions between these upper plate normal faults. We finally discuss how fault throw-rates changing through time may affect a long-term seismic hazard assessment within active normal fault systems.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 105432
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Crustal Deformation ; Active Faults ; Marine terraces ; Uplift ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Refining Rates of Active Crustal Deformation in the Upper Plate of Subduction Zones, Implied by Geological and Geodetic Data: The E-Dipping West Crati Fault, Southern Italy (2022)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-24
    Beschreibung: We investigate crustal deformation within the upper plate of the Ionian Subduction Zone (ISZ) at different time scales by (i) refining geodetic rates of crustal extension from continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements and (ii) mapping sequence of Late Quaternary raised marine terraces tectonically deformed by the West Crati normal fault, in northern Calabria. This region experienced damaging earthquakes in 1184 (M 6.75) and 1854 (M 6.3), possibly on the E-dipping West Crati fault (WCF) which, however, is not unanimously considered to be a seismogenic source. We report geodetic measurements of extension and strain rates across the strike of the E-dipping WCF and throughout the northern Calabria obtained by using velocities from 18 permanent GNSS stations with a series length longer than 4.5 years. These results suggest that crustal extension may be seismically accommodated in this region by a few normal faults. Furthermore, by applying a synchronous correlation approach, we refine the chronology of understudied tectonically deformed palaeoshorelines mapped on the footwall and along the strike of the WCF, facilitating calculation of the associated fault-controlled uplift rates. Raised Late Quaternary palaeoshorelines are preserved on the footwall of the WCF indicating that “regional” uplift, likely related to the deformation associated either with the subduction or mantle upwelling processes, is affected by local footwall uplift. We show that GIS-based elevations of Late Quaternary palaeoshorelines, as well as temporally constant uplift rates, vary along the strike of the WCF, implying normal faulting activity through time. This suggests that (i) the fault slip rate governing seismic hazard has also been constant over the Late Quaternary, over multiple earthquake cycles, and (ii) our geodetically derived fault throw rate for the WCF is likely a more than reasonable value to be used over longer time scales for an improved seismic hazard assessment. Overall, we emphasize the importance of mapping crustal deformation within the upper plate above subduction zones to avoid unreliable interpretations relating to the mechanism controlling regional uplift.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 5303
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Crustal Deformation ; Active Faults ; Marine terraces ; Earthquakes ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Emergent tools to promote understanding of natural hazards (2022)
    MISCELLANEA INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-28
    Beschreibung: How to improve understanding of natural hazards is a major challenge for the research community. The multiple aspects of the hazard, from earthquakes to volcanic eruptions, landslides and coastal erosion, require new methods not only for data acquisition, but also for data processing and consequent management. In this respect, emergent tools, such as augmented and virtual reality, offer great versatility and effectiveness. Also, gaining insight into natural hazards with these tools can help communication to the general public as well as teaching to the digital native generation, particularly accustomed to these techniques for playing video games. In this presentation we describe our outreach activity by using augmented reality to help understand hazardous events, increasing preparedness and resilience.
    Beschreibung: This work was designed within the project 3DTeLC, which was a three-year trans-European project funded by the Erasmus+ Key Action 2 programme: “Cooperation for Innovation and Exchange of Good Practices, a European scheme that fosters higher education partnerships” (https://www.erasmusplus.org.uk/key-action-2; Project reference: 2017-1-UK01-KA203-036719).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Catania (Italy)
    Beschreibung: 1TM. Formazione
    Schlagwort(e): Virtual Reality ; Augmented Reality ; tectonophysics ; volcanic hazard ; education ; communication ; natural hazards ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Immersive Virtual Reality for Geo-education: feedback from students, academics and the lay public (2022)
    egusphere-egu22-1151, 2022
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-27
    Beschreibung: Field-based classes in geological sciences are crucial components of geoscience education and research. Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, such activities became problematic due to limitations such as travel restrictions and lockdown periods: this motivated the geoeducational community to tailor new ways to engage people in field activities. As a result, we adopted Immersive Virtual Reality as a tool to involve students, academics, and the lay public in field exploration, thus making geological exploration accessible also to people affected by permanent or temporary motor disabilities. In particular, we evaluated how users perceive the usefulness of this approach as applied to Earth Science learning and teaching, through nine outreach events, where a total of 459 participants were involved, with different ages and cultural backgrounds. The participants explored, in an immersive mode, four geological landscapes, defined as virtual geological environments, which have been reconstructed by cutting-edge, unmanned aerial system-based photogrammetry techniques. They include: Santorini (Greece), the North Volcanic Zone (Iceland), and Mt. Etna (Italy). After the exploration, each participant filled in an anonymous questionnaire. The results show that the majority would be willing to repeat the experience, and, most importantly, the majority of the students and Earth Science academics who took part in the navigation confirmed the usefulness of this technique for geo-education purposes. Our approach can be considered as a groundbreaking tool and an innovative democratic way to access information and experiences, as well as to promote inclusivity and accessibility in geo-education, while reducing travel costs, saving time, and decreasing the carbon footprint. This work has been carried out in the framework of the following projects: i) ACPR15T4_ 00098 “Agreement between the University of Milan Bicocca and the Cometa Consortium for the experimentation of cutting-edge interactive technologies for the improvement of science teaching and dissemination” of Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (ARGO3D - https://argo3d.unimib.it/); ii) Erasmus+ Key Action 2 2017-1-UK01-KA203- 036719 “3DTeLC – Bringing the 3D-world into the classroom: a new approach to Teaching, Learning and Communicating the science of geohazards in terrestrial and marine environments” (http://3dtelc.lmv.uca.fr/; https://www.3dtelc.com/); iii) 2018 EGU Public Engagement Grants (https://www.egu.eu/outreach/peg/).
    Beschreibung: This work has been carried out in the framework of the following projects: i) ACPR15T4_ 00098 “Agreement between the University of Milan Bicocca and the Cometa Consortium for the experimentation of cutting-edge interactive technologies for the improvement of science teaching and dissemination” of Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (ARGO3D - https://argo3d.unimib.it/); ii) Erasmus+ Key Action 2 2017-1-UK01-KA203- 036719 “3DTeLC – Bringing the 3D-world into the classroom: a new approach to Teaching, Learning and Communicating the science of geohazards in terrestrial and marine environments” (http://3dtelc.lmv.uca.fr/; https://www.3dtelc.com/); iii) 2018 EGU Public Engagement Grants (https://www.egu.eu/outreach/peg/).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Vienna (Austria)
    Beschreibung: 1TM. Formazione
    Schlagwort(e): Virtual Reality ; geology ; tectonophysics ; education ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    European Fault-Source Model 2020 (EFSM20): online data on fault geometry and activity parameters (2022)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-11-18
    Beschreibung: Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe (SERA), H2020, grant agreements 730900.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: 4IT. Banche dati
    Schlagwort(e): Geology ; Earth sciences of Europe ; Earth sciences of Africa ; Earth sciences of Asia ; Earth Sciences and Geology ; earthquakes ; hazard model ; seismogenic faults ; slip rate ; crustal fault sources ; subduction fault sources ; Seismology ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Surface faulting earthquake clustering controlled by fault and shear-zone interactions (2022)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-11-22
    Beschreibung: Surface faulting earthquakes are known to cluster in time from historical and palaeoseismic studies, but the mechanism(s) responsible for clustering, such as fault interaction, strain-storage, and evolving dynamic topography, are poorly quantified, and hence not well understood. We present a quantified replication of observed earthquake clustering in central Italy. Six active normal faults are studied using 36Cl cosmogenic dating, revealing out-of-phase periods of high or low surface slip-rate on neighboring structures that we interpret as earthquake clusters and anticlusters. Our calculations link stress transfer caused by slip averaged over clusters and anti-clusters on coupled fault/shear-zone structures to viscous flow laws. We show that (1) differential stress fluctuates during fault/shear-zone interactions, and (2) these fluctuations are of sufficient magnitude to produce changes in strain-rate on viscous shear zones that explain slip-rate changes on their overlying brittle faults. These results suggest that fault/shear-zone interactions are a plausible explanation for clustering, opening the path towards process-led seismic hazard assessments.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 7126
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Crustal Deformation ; Active Faults ; Earthquake clustering ; 36-Chlorine ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Subduction age and stress state control on seismicity in the NW Pacific subducting plate (2022)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-08-23
    Beschreibung: Intermediate depth (70-300 km) and deep (〉300 km) earthquakes have always been puzzling Earth scientists: their occurrence is a paradox, since the ductile behavior of rocks and the high confining pressure with increasing depths would theoretically preclude brittle failure and frictional sliding. The mechanisms proposed to explain deep earthquakes, mainly depending on the subducting plate age and stress state, are generally expressed by single parameters, unsuitable to comprehensively account for differences among distinct subduction zones or within the same slab. We analyze the Kurile and Izu-Bonin intraslab seismicity and detail the stress state along the subducted planes using the Gutenberg-Richter b-value. We demonstrate that, despite the slabs different properties (e.g., lithospheric age, stress state, dehydration rate), in both cases deep earthquakes are restricted to depths characterized by equal age from subduction initiation and are driven by stress regimes affected by the persistence of the metastable olivine wedge.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 12440
    Beschreibung: 3T. Fisica dei terremoti e Sorgente Sismica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Subduction ; Gutenberg-Richter b value ; Metastable olivine wedge ; NW Pacific ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Tectonophysics Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science (2022)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-05
    Beschreibung: This article is composed of two independent opinion pieces about the state of integrated, coordinated, open, and networked (ICON) principles (Goldman et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EO153180; Goldman et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ea002099) in Tectonophysics and discussion on the opportunities and challenges of adopting them. Each opinion piece focuses on a different topic: (a) global collaboration, technology transfer and application, reproducibility, and data sharing and infrastructure; and (b) field, experimental, remote sensing, and real-time data research and application. Within tectonophysics science, ICON-FAIR principles are starting to be adopted and implemented, however they have not become frequent and there are still plenty of opportunities for further development. During the last decade, standardization reduced fragmentation, facilitated openly available databases, and enabled different modeling methods to be combined. On the other hand, integration and coordination remained insufficient as exemplified by numerous geophysical interpretation programs running on different platforms, lacking the proper documentation and with diverse output formats. We agree that adapting the principles of ICON-FAIR brings high efforts and risks, but in the end, it has great benefits and potential in the tectonophysics community.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: e2021EA002144
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): integrated, coordinated, open, and networked (ICON) science ; Databases ; Data sharing ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Strain Pattern and Kinematics of the Canary Islands from GNSS Time Series Analysis (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-04
    Beschreibung: Following the 2004 seismic unrest at Tenerife and the 2011–2012 submarine eruption at El Hierro, the number of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observation sites in the Canary Islands (Spain) has increased, offering scientists a useful tool with which to infer the kinematics and present-day surface deformation of the Canary sector of the Atlantic Ocean. We take advantage of the common-mode component filtering technique to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the velocities retrieved from the daily solutions of 18 permanent GNSS stations distributed in the Canaries. The analysis of GNSS time series spanning the period 2011–2017 enabled us to characterize major regions of deformation along the archipelago through the mapping of the 2D infinitesimal strain field. By applying the triangular segmentation approach to GNSS velocities, we unveil a variable kinematic behaviour within the islands. The retrieved extension pattern shows areas of maximum deformation west of Tenerife, Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura. For the submarine main seismogenic fault between Tenerife and Gran Canaria, we simulated the horizontal deformation and strain due to one of the strongest (mbLg 5.2) earthquakes of the region. The seismic areas between islands, mainly offshore Tenerife and Gran Canaria, seem mainly influenced by the regional tectonic stress, not the local volcanic activity. In addition, the analysis of the maximum shear strain confirms that the regional stress field influences the E–W and NE–SW tectonic lineaments, which, in accordance with the extensional and compressional tectonic regimes identified, might favour episodes of volcanism in the Canary Islands.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3297
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): GNSS time series ; kinematics and ground deformation ; Canary Islands ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 43
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    Active Deformation and Relief Evolution in the Western Lurestan Region of the Zagros Mountain Belt: New Insights From Tectonic Geomorphology Analysis and Finite Element Modeling (2021)
    Wiley Agu
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-19
    Beschreibung: To unravel how and where coseismic and interseismic deformation impacts the spatial and temporal patterns of rock uplift of the Lurestan sector of the Zagros Mountains, we performed an investigation of the large‐scale features of topography and river network coupled with 2‐D finite element modeling. Geomorphological analysis and constraints from parameters such as elevation, local relief, normalized channel steepness index (ksn), river longitudinal profiles, and transformed river profiles (chi plots) were used to unravel the time‐space distribution of vertical motions. Whereas the much longer timescale over which topography grows and/or rivers respond to tectonic or climatic perturbations with respect to even multiple seismic cycles, the outputs of the finite element model yield fundamental information on the source of the late part of the spatiotemporal evolution of surface uplift recorded by the geomorphology. Model outputs shed new light into the processes controlling relief evolution in an actively growing mountain belt underlain by a major blind thrust. The outputs illustrate how coseismic slip controls localized uplift of a prominent topographic feature—the Mountain Front Flexure—located above the main upper crustal ramp of the principal basement thrust fault of the region, while continuous displacement along the deeper, aseismic portion of the same basement fault controls generalized uplift of the whole crustal block located farther to the NE, in the interior of the orogen.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: e2020TC006402
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Morphotectonic analysis ; Finite element modeling ; interseismic deformation ; coseismic deformation ; frontal topographic feature ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 44
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    Supervised learning (2021)
    Elsevier B.V.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-01
    Beschreibung: In supervised classification, we search criteria allowing us to decide whether a sample belongs to a certain class of patterns. The identification of such decision functions is based on examples where we know a priori to which class they belong. The distinction of seismic signals, produced from earthquakes and nuclear explosions, is a classical problem of discrimination using classification with supervision. We move on from observed data—signals originating from known earthquakes and nuclear tests—and search for criteria on how to assign a class to a signal of unknown origin. We begin with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Fisher's Linear Discriminant Analysis (FLDA), identifying a linear element separating groups at best. PCA, FLDA, and likelihood-based approaches make use of statistical properties of the groups. Considering only the number of misclassified samples as a cost, we may prefer alternatives, such as the Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs). The Support Vector Machines (SVMs) use a modified cost function, combining the criterion of the minimum number of misclassified samples with a request of separating the hulls of the groups with a margin as wide as possible. Both SVMs and MLPs overcome the limits of linear discrimination. A famous example for the advantages of the two techniques is the eXclusive OR (XOR) problem, where we wish to form classes of objects having the same parity—even, e.g., (0,0), (1,1) or odd, e.g., (0,1), (1,0). MLPs and SVMs offer effective methods for the identification of nonlinear decision functions, allowing us to resolve classification problems of any complexity provided the data set used during earning is sufficiently large. In Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), we consider observations where their meaning depends on their context. Observations form a causal chain generated by a hidden process. In Bayesian Networks (BNs) we represent conditional (in)dependencies between a set of random variables by a graphical model. In both HMMs and BNs, we aim at identifying models and parameters that explain observations with a highest possible degree of probability.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 33-85
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Schlagwort(e): pattern recognition ; supervised learning ; Support Vector Machines ; Multilayer Perceptrons ; Hidden Markov Models ; Bayesian Networks ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 45
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    Patterns, objects, and features (2021)
    Elsevier B.V.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-01
    Beschreibung: Patterns and objects are described by a variety of characteristics, namely features and feature vectors. Features can be numerical, ordinal, and categorical. Patterns can be made up of a number of objects, such as in speech processing. In geophysics, numerical features are the most common ones and we focus on those. The choice of appropriate features requires a priori reasoning about the physical relation between patterns and features. We present strategies for feature identification and procedures suitable for pattern recognition. In time series analysis and image processing, the direct use of raw data is not feasible. Procedures of feature extraction, based on locally encountered characteristics of the data, are applied. Here we present the problem of delineating segments of interest in time series and textures in image processing. In transformations, we “translate” our raw data to a form suitable for learning. In Principal Component Analysis, we rotate the original features to a system of uncorrelated variables, limiting redundancy. Independent Component Analysis follows a similar strategy, transforming our data into variables independent of each other. Fourier transform and wavelet transform are based on the representation of the original data as a series of basis functions—sines and cosines or finite-length wavelets. Redundancy reduction is achieved considering the contributions of the single basis functions. Even though a large number of features help to solve a classification problem, feature vectors with high dimensions pose severe problems. Besides the computational burden, we encounter problems known under the term “curse of dimensionality.” The curse of dimensionality entails the necessity of feature selection and reduction, which includes a priori considerations as well as redundancy reduction. The significance of features may be evaluated with tests, such as Student’s t or Hotelling's T2, and, in more complex problems, with cross-validation methods.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3-13
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Schlagwort(e): pattern recognition ; objects ; features ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 46
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    The Making of the NEAM Tsunami Hazard Model 2018 (NEAMTHM18) (2021)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-08
    Beschreibung: The NEAM Tsunami Hazard Model 2018 (NEAMTHM18) is a probabilistic hazard model for tsunamis generated by earthquakes. It covers the coastlines of the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and connected seas (NEAM). NEAMTHM18 was designed as a three-phase project. The first two phases were dedicated to the model development and hazard calculations, following a formalized decision-making process based on a multiple-expert protocol. The third phase was dedicated to documentation and dissemination. The hazard assessment workflow was structured in Steps and Levels. There are four Steps: Step-1) probabilistic earthquake model; Step-2) tsunami generation and modeling in deep water; Step-3) shoaling and inundation; Step-4) hazard aggregation and uncertainty quantification. Each Step includes a different number of Levels. Level-0 always describes the input data; the other Levels describe the intermediate results needed to proceed from one Step to another. Alternative datasets and models were considered in the implementation. The epistemic hazard uncertainty was quantified through an ensemble modeling technique accounting for alternative models’ weights and yielding a distribution of hazard curves represented by the mean and various percentiles. Hazard curves were calculated at 2,343 Points of Interest (POI) distributed at an average spacing of ∼20 km. Precalculated probability maps for five maximum inundation heights (MIH) and hazard intensity maps for five average return periods (ARP) were produced from hazard curves. In the entire NEAM Region, MIHs of several meters are rare but not impossible. Considering a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years (ARP≈2,475 years), the POIs with MIH 〉5 m are fewer than 1% and are all in the Mediterranean on Libya, Egypt, Cyprus, and Greece coasts. In the North-East Atlantic, POIs with MIH 〉3 m are on the coasts of Mauritania and Gulf of Cadiz. Overall, 30% of the POIs have MIH 〉1 m. NEAMTHM18 results and documentation are available through the TSUMAPS-NEAM project website (http://www.tsumaps-neam.eu/), featuring an interactive web mapper. Although the NEAMTHM18 cannot substitute in-depth analyses at local scales, it represents the first action to start local and more detailed hazard and risk assessments and contributes to designing evacuation maps for tsunami early warning.
    Beschreibung: The NEAMTHM18 was prepared in the framework of the European Project TSUMAPS-NEAM (http://www.tsumaps-neam.eu/) funded by the mechanism of the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations with grant no. ECHO/SUB/2015/718568/PREV26 (https://ec.europa.eu/echo/funding-evaluations/financing-civil-protection-europe/selected-projects/probabilistic-tsunami-hazard_en). The work by INGV authors also benefitted from funding by the INGV-DPC Agreement 2012-2021 (Annex B2).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 616594
    Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Beschreibung: 2SR TERREMOTI - Gestione delle emergenze sismiche e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: 3SR TERREMOTI - Attività dei Centri
    Beschreibung: 5SR TERREMOTI - Convenzioni derivanti dall'Accordo Quadro decennale INGV-DPC
    Beschreibung: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico
    Beschreibung: 4IT. Banche dati
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment ; earthquake-generated tsunami ; hazard uncertainty analysis ; ensemble modeling ; maximum inundation height ; NEAM ; 05.08. Risk ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 05.01. Computational geophysics
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  • 47
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    Fault motion reversals predating the Mw 6.3 2009 L'Aquila earthquake: insights from synthetic aperture radar data (2021)
    Geological society of London
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-13
    Beschreibung: The millimetre accuracy of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) measurements and related multi-temporal data analyses provide fundamental information on surface displacements caused by strong earthquakes. The multi-temporal analysis of SAR interferometry data allows for the geometry, kinematics and temporal behaviour of earthquake-generating faults to be better constrained, and is being acknowledged as a promising technique in the field of earthquake precursors. We used SAR data obtained by multi-temporal interferometric techniques such as Permanent Scatterers (PS) interferometry for the investigation of pre- to post-seismic ground displacements in the region struck by theMw 6.3, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake.We analysed Europen Remote Sensing (ERS) and Envisat PS-datasets from ascending and descending orbits, and COSMO-SkyMed PS-datasets from descending orbit, collectively covering a 〉 20 year long time span. On a yearly scale, a reversal of motions that affected the hanging-wall and footwall blocks of the earthquake-generating fault is detected. In particular, the hanging-wall block is characterized by pre-seismic uplift – which we document as being independent of any hydrological control – and eastward horizontal motion for about six years, followed by subsidence and westward motion (starting six to eight months prior to the earthquake). We suggest that such a ground displacement pattern may represent an earthquake precursor signal.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: jgs2020-016
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e "precursori"
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): PsInSAR ; Earthquake Precursor ; L'Aquila earthquake ; Ground displacement ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 48
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    Deformation and Fault Propagation at the Lateral Termination of a Subduction Zone: The Alfeo Fault System in the Calabrian Arc, Southern Italy (2021)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-04
    Beschreibung: The Calabrian Arc subduction, southern Italy, is a critical structural element in the geodynamic evolution of the central Mediterranean basin. It is a narrow, northwestdipping slab bordered to the southwest by the Alfeo Fault System (AFS) and to the northeast by a gradual transition to a collision. We used a dense set of two-dimensional high-penetration (up to 12 s) multichannel seismic reflection profiles to build a threedimensional model that spans the AFS for over 180 km of its length. We find that the AFS is made up of four deep-seated major blind segments that cut through the lower plate, offset the subduction interface, and only partially propagate upward across the accretionary wedge in the upper plate. These faults evolve with a scissor-like mechanism (mode III of rupture propagation). The shallow part of the accretionary wedge is affected by secondary deformation features well aligned with the AFS at depth but also mechanically decoupled from it. Despite the decoupling, the syn-tectonic Pliocene-Holocene deposits that fill in the accommodation space generated by the AFS activity at depth, constrain the age of inception of the AFS and allows us to estimate its throw and propagation rates. The maximum throw value is 6,000 m in the NW sector and decreases to the SE. Considering the age of faulting, the fault throw rate decreases accordingly from 2.31 mm/yr to 1 mm/yr. The propagation rate decreases from 62 mm/yr to 15 mm/yr during the Pliocene-Pleistocene, suggesting that also the Calabrian subduction process should have slowed down accordingly. The detailed spatial and temporal reconstruction of this type of faults can reveal necessary information about the evolution of subduction systems.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: id 107
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): tear fault ; fault propagation ; decoupling ; subduction ; Calabrian Arc ; Italy ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 49
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    New Insights into Long-Term Aseismic Deformation and Regional Strain Rates from GNSS Data Inversion: The Case of the Pollino and Castrovillari Faults (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-07
    Beschreibung: We present a novel inverse method for discriminating regional deformation and long-term fault creep by inversion of GNSS velocities observed at the spatial scale of intraplate faults by exploiting the different spatial signatures of these two mechanisms. In doing so our method provides a refined estimate of the upper bound of the strain accumulation process. As case study, we apply this method to a six year GNSS campaign (2003–2008) set up in the southern portion of the Pollino Range over the Castrovillari and Pollino faults. We show that regional deformation alone cannot explain the observed deformation pattern and implies high geodetic strain rate, with a WSW-ENE extension of 86±41×10−9/yr. Allowing for the possibility of fault creep, the modelling of GNSS velocities is consistent with their uncertainties and they are mainly explained by a shallow creep over the Pollino fault, with a normal/strike-slip mechanism up to 5 mm/yr. The regional strain rate decrease by about 70 percent and is characterized by WNW-ESE extension of 24±28×10−9/yr. The large uncertainties affecting our estimate of regional strain rate do not allow infering whether the tectonic regime of the area is extensional or strike-slip, although the latter is slightly more likely
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2921
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): regional deformation ; fault creep ; GNSS velocities ; inverse theory ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 50
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    Thermal Structure of the Northern Outer Albanides and Adjacent Adriatic Crustal Sector, and Implications for Geothermal Energy Systems (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-19
    Beschreibung: Using an analyticalmethodology taking into account heat flowdensity data, frictional heating, temperature variations due to the re-equilibrated conductive state after thrusting and geological constrains, we calculated surface heat flow, geotherms and isotherms along a balanced and restored regional geological cross-section. Our results highlight the impact of frictional heating produced by thrusts on the thermal structure of the study area, leading to a raising of the isotherms both in the inner Albanides to the E and in the Adriatic sector offshore. Minimum values of Qs in the surroundings of Tirana and the reconstructed 2D thermal structure suggest less favorable conditions for exploitation of geothermal energy, besides the direct use (Borehole Heat Exchanger-Geothermal Heat Pump systems). Nevertheless, the occurrence of the “Kruja geothermal zone”, partially overlapping this area and including hot springmanifestations, emphasize the structural control in driving hot fluids to the surface with respect to the regional thermal structure.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 6028
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): balanced cross-sections ; thermal modeling ; fold and thrust belts ; frictional heating ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 51
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    3-D Geothermal Model of the Lurestan Sector of the Zagros Thrust Belt, Iran (2021)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-19
    Beschreibung: The Zagros thrust belt is a large orogenic zone located along the southwest region of Iran. To obtain a better knowledge of this important mountain chain, we elaborated the first 3-D model reproducing the thermal structure of its northwestern part, i.e., the Lurestan arc. This study is based on a 3-D structural model obtained using published geological sections and available information on the depth of the Moho discontinuity. The analytical calculation procedure took into account the temperature variation due to: (1) The re-equilibrated conductive state after thrusting, (2) frictional heating, (3) heat flow density data, and (4) a series of geologically derived constraints. Both geotherms and isotherms were obtained using this analytical methodology. The results pointed out the fundamental control exerted by the main basement fault of the region, i.e., the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), in governing the thermal structure of the crust, the main parameter being represented by the amount of basement thickening produced by thrusting. This is manifested by more densely spaced isotherms moving from the southwestern foreland toward the inner parts of orogen, as well as in a lateral variation related with an along-strike change from a moderately dipping crustal ramp of the MFT to the NW to a gently dipping crustal ramp to the SE. The complex structural architecture, largely associated with late-stage (Pliocene) thick-skinned thrusting, results in a zone of relatively high geothermal gradient in the easternmost part of the study area. Our thermal model of a large crustal volume, besides providing new insights into the geodynamic processes affecting a major salient of the Zagros thrust belt, may have important implications for seismotectonic analysis in an area recently affected by a Mw = 7.3 earthquake, as well as for geothermal/hydrocarbon exploration in the highly perspective Lurestan region.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2140
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): active tectonics ; heat flow ; 3-D thermal modelling ; thermal structure ; temperature profile ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
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  • 52
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    The contribution of airborne LiDAR data to the assessment of surface faulting hazard (2021)
    SGI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: In case of moderate to strong earthquakes (generally for M 〉 5.5), coseismic slip along a fault can reach directly the ground surface and produce surface faulting. Although scarcely considered in the Italian legislation, surface faulting hazard can have a relevant societal impact because it exposes to substantial risk urban areas and/or important infrastructures, facilities and critical lifelines that are settled or planned in coincidence of an active and capable fault trace. In this paper we present a case study from the area hit by the Mw 6.1 April 6, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake (Central Italy), where buildings and critical lifelines located across or near the coseismic surface ruptures suffered significant damage. High resolution (1 m) LiDAR topographic data contributed to the assessment of surface faulting hazard through a better imaging of the surface geometrical arrangement of the earthquake causative fault and through the analysis of the spatial relationships between active fault splays and critical lifelines and infrastructures.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 345-347
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Schlagwort(e): LIDAR ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 53
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    PS-Insar data analysis: pre-seismic ground deformation in the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake region (2021)
    OGS
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: The accuracy of the millimetre-scale measurements made so far by the SAR systems, as well as the multi-temporal analysis methodologies, have provided impressive images of surface displacements in areas affected by strong earthquakes, and contributed to constrain the geometric and kinematic features of earthquake generating faults. The multi-temporal analysis of InSAR data is also being acknowledged as promising for the search of earthquake precursors. We have applied the multi-temporal PS-InSAR technique to the detection of pre- to post-seismic ground displacements in the region struck by the normal faulting 2009 L’Aquila earthquake. We have used ERS and ENVISAT PS-data sets from both ascending and descending orbits, covering a 20-year long time span. On the yearly-scale, we have identified a pre-seismic displacement pattern, which consists of opposite vertical motions that have affected the blocks in the hanging wall and footwall of the structure that is recognised as the surface trace of the earthquake-generating fault. In particular, we have highlighted a pre-seismic uplift for 4-5 years followed by subsidence (starting 6-8 months prior to the earthquake) of the hanging wall block, coeval to opposite vertical motions of the footwall block. We suggest that such a displacement pattern may represent an earthquake precursor signal.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 41-56
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): PS-InSAR ; MW 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake ; ground deformation ; pre-seismic ; earthquake precursor ; central Apennines ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 54
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    Response: Commentary: Deformation and Fault Propagation at the Lateral Termination of a Subduction Zone: The Alfeo Fault System in the Calabrian Arc, Southern Italy (2021)
    Frontiers
    In:  Argnani, A. (2020). Commentary: deformation and fault propagation at the lateral termination of a subduction zone: the Alfeo Fault system in the calabrian Arc, southern Italy. Front. Earth Sci. 8, 602506. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.602506
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: Argnani (2020) raised concerns about our interpretation of the Alfeo Fault System (AFS) as a lithospheric tear bounding the Calabrian Arc (Maesano et al., 2020). Some of these concerns arise from elements overlooked by Argnani (2020); others are marginally related to our work; none of them implies possible changes in our results in the absence of newer data. We briefly discuss these issues in the following.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 644544
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): lithospheric tear fault ; seismic stratigraphy ; Calabrian subduction ; Ionian Sea ; Italy ; decoupling ; fault propagation ; Calabrian Arc ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 55
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    A posteriori analyses—advantages and pitfalls of pattern recognition techniques (2021)
    Elsevier B.V.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-01
    Beschreibung: In this chapter, we deal with a posterior analysis of supervised and unsupervised learning techniques. Concerning supervised learning, we discuss methods of cross-validation and assessment of uncertainty of tests by means of the “Receiver Operation Curve” and the “Kappa-Statistics.” We show the importance of appropriate target information. Furthermore, features are critical; when they are not properly chosen, they fail to describe objects in a unique way. A critical attitude is mandatory to validate the success of an application. A high score of success does not automatically mean that a method is truly effective. At the same time, users should not despair when the desired success is not achieved. A posteriori analysis on the reasons for an apparent failure may provide useful insights into the problem. Targets may not be appropriately defined, features can be inadequate, etc. Problems can be often fixed by adjusting a few choices; sometimes a change of strategy may be necessary to improve results. In unsupervised learning, we ask whether the structures revealed in the data are meaningful. Cluster analysis offers rules giving formal answers to this question; however, such rules are not generally applicable. In some cases, a heuristic approach may be necessary.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 237-259
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Schlagwort(e): pattern recognition ; a posteriori analysis ; supervised learning ; unsupervised learning ; cross validation ; assessment of uncertainty ; Receiver Operation Curve ; Kappa-Statistics ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 56
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    Unsupervised learning (2021)
    Elsevier B.V.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-01
    Beschreibung: Unsupervised learning is based on the definition of an appropriate metrics defining the similarity of patterns. On the basis of the metrics, we form groups or clusters of patterns following various strategies. In partitioning cluster analysis, we form disjoint clusters. Being faced with data, where clusters still exhibit heterogeneities or subclusters, we may adopt the strategy of hierarchical clustering, which leads to the generation of the so-called dendrograms. In the partitioning strategy, we choose a priori the number of clusters we wish to form, whereas in the hierarchical strategy, the number of clusters depends on the resolution we want to have. Density-based clustering considers local structures of a data set. We consider a unit volume in our data space and derive the density of samples within this volume. Moving toward neighboring volumes, we verify whether the number of samples has dropped below a threshold. If this is the case, we identify a heterogeneity, otherwise we join the neighboring volumes to a common cluster. Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) provide a way of representing multidimensional data in much lower dimensional spaces than the original data set. The process of reducing the dimensionality of vectors is essentially a data compression technique known as vector quantization. The SOM technique creates a network that stores information in a way that it maintains the topological relationships within the patterns of the data set. Each node of the network represents a number of patterns. Assigning a color code to the nodes, the representation of pattern characteristics with high-dimensional feature vectors becomes extremely effective.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 87-124
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Schlagwort(e): pattern recognition ; unsupervised learning ; cluster analysis ; Density-based clustering ; Self-Organizing Maps ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 57
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    Applications with unsupervised learning (2021)
    Elsevier B.V.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-01
    Beschreibung: This chapter demonstrates how Unsupervised Learning can be applied in Geophysics. It starts with an example of clustering seismic spectra obtained on Stromboli volcano. K-means clustering as well as clustering using the Adaptive Criterion are applied. The latter criterion is preferred as it better matches the statistical characteristics of the data. Clusters show close relation to the state of volcanic activity. Density based clustering reveals groups whose hulls can be of irregular shape. This makes the method attractive, among others, for the identification of structural elements in geology, which often do not have a simple geometry. An example application is discussed considering the distribution of earthquake locations on Mt Etna, which clearly evidence structures already identified by other, independent evidences. Using SOM we aim at data reduction and effective graphical visualization. In an example for climate data we demonstrate the application of SOM for zoning purposes. Besides, the temporal evolution of spectral seismic data recorded on Mt Etna can be effectively monitored using SOM. We further illustrate the use of SOM for directional data, which can be handled best using a toroidal sheet geometry. We discuss this using a data set of seismic moment tensors of Mediterranean earthquakes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 189-234
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Schlagwort(e): pattern recognition ; unsupervised learning ; Density based clustering ; Stromboli ; earthquakes ; volcanic activity ; structural data ; seismic moment tensors ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 58
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    Software manuals (2021)
    Elsevier B.V.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-01
    Beschreibung: In this chapter, we present scripts and programs that accompany this book. Five MATLAB scripts regard simple examples related to supervised learning, that is, linear discrimination, the perceptron, support vector machines, and hidden Markov models. Seven scripts are devoted to unsupervised learning, such as K-means and fuzzy clustering, agglomerative clustering, density-based clustering, and clustering of patterns where features are correlated. These scripts provide a starting point for the reader, who can adjust and modify the codes with respect to proper needs. Besides, we provide sources and executables of programs that can be readily applied to larger and more complex datasets. These programs regard supervised learning using multilayerperceptron and support vector machines. KKAnalysis is a toolbox for unsupervised learning and offers various options of clustering and the use of self-organizing maps. The programs offer graphical user interfaces (GUI) to facilitate their use and create both graphical and alphanumeric output that can be used in further processing steps. The programs come along with real-world datasets that are also discussed in the example applications presented in various chapters of the book. Other propaedeutic material can be found in a folder called “miscellaneous.”
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 261-313
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Schlagwort(e): pattern recognition ; software manuals ; MATLAB scripts ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 59
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    Contribution of bone-reverberated waves to sound localization of dolphins: A numerical model (2021)
    EDP Sciences
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: We implement a new algorithm to model acoustic wave propagation through and around a dolphin skull, using the k-Wave software package [1]. The equation of motion is integrated numerically in a complex three-dimensional structure via a pseudospectral scheme which, importantly, accounts for lateral heterogeneities in the mechanical properties of bone. Modeling wave propagation in the skull of dolphins contributes to our understanding of how their sound localization and echolocation mechanisms work. Dolphins are known to be highly effective at localizing sound sources; in particular, they have been shown to be equally sensitive to changes in the elevation and azimuth of the sound source, while other studied species, e.g. humans, are much more sensitive to the latter than to the former. A laboratory experiment conducted by our team on a dry skull [2] has shown that sound reverberated in bones could possibly play an important role in enhancing localization accuracy, and it has been speculated that the dolphin sound localization system could somehow rely on the analysis of this information. We employ our new numerical model to simulate the response of the same skull used by [2] to sound sources at a wide and dense set of locations on the vertical plane. This work is the first step towards the implementation of a new tool for modeling source (echo)location in dolphins; in future work, this will allow us to effectively explore a wide variety of emitted signals and anatomical features.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: id 3
    Beschreibung: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Dolphin’s echolocation ; Numerical modeling ; Reverberation ; Correlation ; 05.05. Mathematical geophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 60
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    Il complesso sistema di sorgenti sismogeniche nell{\textquoteright}area ferrarese e i loro effetti nella storia. (2021)
    ACCADEMIA DELLE SCIENZE DI FERRARA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-18
    Beschreibung: Nel maggio 2012, due terremoti di magnitudo moderata, seguiti da un importante sciame sismico, hanno coinvolto il settore orientale della Pianura Padana. In questa nota si vuole illustrare in modo sintetico il complesso sistema di strutture tettoniche che si trovano sotto i nostri piedi e che, nel loro insieme, costituiscono il prolungamento settentrionale dell’orogene appenninico attualmente sepolto e ‘nascosto’ dalle coltri alluvionali della Pianura Padana. Il settore più esterno di questa catena montuosa è rappresentato da un sistema di sovrascorrimenti disposti a geometria arcuata: il cosiddetto Arco Ferrarese. Gli eventi sismici del maggio 2012 ed alcuni dei maggiori terremoti storici che hanno colpito Ferrara nei secoli precedenti sono stati causati proprio dalla riattivazione di alcuni segmenti appartenenti a tale complesso sistema deformativo. Quando si verificherà il prossimo evento e dove esattamente non possiamo prevederlo con esattezza ma, visto il contesto tettonico e geodinamico, il fenomeno si ripeterà certamente nel futuro ed è pertanto opportuno fare prevenzione.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 161-177
    Beschreibung: 3T. Sorgente sismica
    Schlagwort(e): 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 61
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    Applications of supervised learning (2021)
    Elsevier B.V.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-15
    Beschreibung: This chapter presents applications of supervised learning in various geophysical disciplines, being them seismology, geodesy, magnetism, and others. For all examples, we provide a brief introduction to the geophysical background. Practical aspects, such as normalization issues and feature selection, are discussed. A posteriori considerations shed light on the geophysical problem, such as the importance of model parameters in regression, the possible nonuniqueness in inversion, and flaws in the definition of targets. We demonstrate multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) as classifiers of seismic waveforms. Besides, we show how the use of MLP is straightforward in the context of inversion of various kinds of data, for example, seismic, geodetic, and magnetic. Regression with MLP is applied to magnetotelluric and seismic data. Multiclass classification with support vector machine (SVM) is discussed for infrasound waveforms and volcanic rocks using geochemical characteristics. We introduce the use of SVM in the context of regression, which is formally less immediate than for MLP, but yields good results. An example deals with empirical ground motion estimation during earthquakes. In hidden Markov models and Bayesian networks one considers the interrelation between observations rather than single patterns. We show their benefits in various applications, from seismic waveform classification aimed at the forecast of volcanic unrest up to their use in tsunami early-warning systems.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 127-187
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Schlagwort(e): pattern recognition ; supervised learning ; multilayer perceptrons ; seismic data ; magnetotelluric data ; infrasound waveforms ; volcanic rocks ; geochemical characteristics ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 62
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    Instrumental seismicity of the Amatrice earthquake epicentral area: a review (2021)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-04-12
    Beschreibung: This study presents a preliminary review of the instrumental seismicity of the Norcia-Amatrice area (central Italy) during the years preceding the on-going seismic sequence started on August 24th 2016 with a Mw 6.0 earthquake and occurred close to Accumoli village; a Mw 5.9 happened on October 26th, two months later, 3 km West of Visso and finally a Mw 6.5 on October 30th, 6 km North of Norcia, the largest earthquake recorded in Italy since the Mw 6.9 1980 Irpinia event. The clustering of earthquakes in time and space has been investigated by analysing seismic catalogs for the period 1981-2016, the CMT (Centroid Moment Tensor) catalogue and the TDMT (Time Domain Moment Tensor) solutions. The seismicity of this region is characterized by different types of activity: single events, minor sequences and swarms with hypocenters within the upper 15 km of the crust. A minor sequence on March 2007 (with maximum Mw 3.9 not followed by significant seismicity) affected the area East of Norcia close to the August 24th Mw 5.4 and close to the October 30th Mw 6.5. In the central area, near Accumoli, and in the southern sector close to Amatrice, minor seismic sequences occurred on February 2014 with a Ml 3.5 mainshock and on November 2013 with a Mw3.7 mainshock, respectively. We integrated hypocentral locations and fault plane solutions to give a first look at the main features of the instrumental seismicity compared to the present seismic sequence in order to relate seismicity patterns to the seismogenic structures of the target area.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-8
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    The epicentral fingerprint of earthquakes marks the coseismically activated crustal volume (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: InSAR images allow to detect the coseismic deformation, delimiting the epicentral area where the larger displacement has been concentrated. By inspecting the InSAR fringe patterns it is commonly recognized that, for dip-slip faults, the most deformed area is elliptical, or quadrilobated for strike-slip faults. This area coincides with the surface projection of the volume coseismically mobilized in the hanging wall of thrusts and normal faults, or the crustal walls adjacent to strike-slip faults. In the present work we analyzed a dataset of 32 seismic events, aiming to compare the deformation fields in terms of shape, spatial extents, and amount of deformed rock volumes, and the corresponding earthquake type and magnitudes. The dimension of the deformed area detected by InSAR scales with the magnitude of the earthquake, and we found that for M ≥ 6 is always larger than 100 km2, increasing to more than 550 km2 for M ≈ 6.5. Moreover, the comparison between InSAR and Peak Ground Accelerations documents the larger shaking within the areas suffering higher vertical deformation. As well established, the seismic epicenter rarely coincides with the area of larger shaking. Instead, the higher macro- seismic intensity often corresponds to the area of larger vertical displacement (either downward or upward), apart local site amplification effects. Outside this area, the vertical displacement is drastically lower, determining the strong attenuation of seismic waves and the decrease of the peak ground acceleration in the surrounding far- field area. Indeed, the segment of the activated fault constrains the area where the vertical oscillations are larger, allowing the contemporaneous maximum freedom degree of the crustal volume affected by horizontal maximum shaking, i.e., the near-field or epicentral area; therefore, the epicentral area and volume are active, i.e., they coseismically move and are contemporaneously crossed by seismic waves (active volume and surface active domain) where trapped waves and constructive interference are expected, whereas the surrounding far-field area is mainly fixed and passively crossed by seismic waves (passive volume and surface passive domain). All these considerations point out that InSAR images of areas affected by earthquakes are a powerful tool representing the fingerprint of the epicentral area where the largest shaking has taken place during an earthquake. Seismic hazard assessments should primarily rely on the expected future active domains.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 103667
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): InSAR coseismic vertical deformation ; Constructive waves inferference ; Seismic hazard assessment ; Earthquake epicentral area ; Near-field active domain ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 64
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    Probabilistic Assessment of Slip Rates and Their Variability Over Time of Offshore Buried Thrusts: A Case Study in the Northern Adriatic Sea (2021)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-01
    Beschreibung: When sedimentation rates overtake tectonic rates, the detection of ongoing tectonic deformation signatures becomes particularly challenging. The Northern Apennines orogen is one such case where a thick Plio-Pleistocene foredeep sedimentary cover blankets the fold-and-thrust belt, straddling from onshore (Po Plain) to offshore (Adriatic Sea), leading to subtle or null topo-bathymetric expression of the buried structures. The seismic activity historically recorded in the region is moderate; nonetheless, seismic sequences nearing magnitude 6 punctuated the last century, and even some small tsunamis were reported in the coastal locations following the occurrence of offshore earthquakes. In this work, we tackled the problem of assessing the potential activity of buried thrusts by analyzing a rich dataset of 2D seismic reflection profiles and wells in a sector of the Northern Apennines chain located in the near-offshore of the Adriatic Sea. This analysis enabled us to reconstruct the 3D geometry of eleven buried thrusts. We then documented the last 4 Myr slip history of four of such thrusts intersected by two high-quality regional cross-sections that were depth converted and restored. Based on eight stratigraphic horizons with well-constrained age determinations (Zanclean to Middle Pleistocene), we determined the slip and slip rates necessary to recover the observed horizon deformation. The slip rates are presented through probability density functions that consider the uncertainties derived from the horizon ages and the restoration process. Our results show that the thrust activation proceeds from the inner to the outer position in the chain. The slip history reveals an exponential reduction over time, implying decelerating slip-rates spanning three orders of magnitudes (from a few millimeters to a few hundredths of millimeters per year) with a major slip-rate change around 1.5 Ma. In agreement with previous works, these findings confirm the slip rate deceleration as a widespread behavior of the Northern Apennines thrust faults.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 664288
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): active fault ; buried thrust ; slip rate ; trishear ; restoration ; sediment decompaction ; Northern Apennines ; Italy ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 65
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    Asymmetric Atlantic continental margins (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-31
    Beschreibung: We analyze the gross crustal structure of the Atlantic Ocean passive continental margins from north to the south, comparing eleven sections of the conjugate margins. As a general result, the western margins show a sharper continental-ocean transition with respect to the eastern margins that rather show a wider stretched and thinner margin. The Moho is in average about 5.7 ±1 dipping toward the interior of the continent on the western side, whereas it is about 2.7 ±1 in the eastern margins. Moreover, the stretched continental crust is on average 244 km wide on the western side, whereas it is up to about 439 km on the eastern side of the Atlantic. This systematic asymmetry reflects the early stages of the diachronous Mesozoic to Cenozoic continental rifting, which is inferred as the result of a polarized westward motion of both western and eastern plates, being Greenland, Northern and Southern Americas plates moving westward faster with respect to Scandinavia, Europe and Africa, relative to the underlying mantle.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 101205
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Passive continental margin ; Westward drift of the lithosphere ; Moho dip Continental-ocean transition ; Asymmetric rift ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 66
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    Correlation analysis of marine nematodes with physio-chemical parameters from different localities of Pakistan (2021)
    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26552 | 25017 | 2019-05-30 13:05:12 | 26552 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-24
    Beschreibung: In the present study correlation analysis of marine nematodes with physiochemicalparameters was conducted during 2008-2010 from seven different localities ofPakistan. These localities were Port Bin Qasim, Korangi Creek, Clifton, Sandspit,Keamari, Sonmiani and Gwadar while the parameters were pH, biochemical oxygendemand; chemical oxygen demand, oil & grease, organic matter, phenol, phosphate, totalkjeldahl nitrogen, total suspended solids, turbidity, salinity and metals. The result showedthat the pattern of nematode density was affected by several environmental factors.Correlation analysis of two years indicated that physio-chemical parameters had variedsignificant and non significant negative effect on mean nematode density at differentsites.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Correlation ; physiochemical parameters ; marine nematodes ; Pakistan
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 69-78
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    Geology of the Northern Apennines nappe stack on eastern Elba (Italy): new insights on the Neogene orogenic evolution of the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-22
    Beschreibung: We document the tectonic and metamorphic evolution of thrust nappes of the eastern island of Elba. The area exposes a natural cross section of the Northern Apennines hinterland, from the metamorphic basement units to the overlying continent- and ocean-derived nappes. We integrated mapping, analysis of structures and microstructures, and the interpretation of drill core logs with lithostratigraphic, metamorphic, and geochronological constraints, producing a novel geological map of eastern Elba (1:5'000 scale). We show that the area experienced polyphase Oligocene - Pliocene contractional tectonics marked by in-sequence and out-of-sequence thrusting accompanied by folding and overprinted by faulting in the Pliocene. Magmatism occurred during contraction with post-magmatic thrusting ultimately coupling HP-LT and LP-HT units. Drill core logs allow for the first time the reconstruction of the N-dipping character of the Zuccale Fault, which represents the youngest (late Miocene - early Pliocene) large-scale structure in the area.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 519-532
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Geological Map ; Elba Island ; Northern Apennines ; Tectonic evolution ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    3D Deep Electrical Resistivity Tomography of the Lusi Eruption Site in East Java (2021)
    Wiley-Agu
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-20
    Beschreibung: Lusi is a sediment-hosted geothermal system relentlessly erupting since May 2006 in the East Java back-arc sedimentary basin. Lusi provides the unprecedented opportunity to study the development of the early phases of a new-born piercement structure and its impact on society. In order to investigate the shallow plumbing system of this large-scale eruption, we deployed a pool of 25 IRIS V-Fullwavers to conduct a 3D deep electrical resistivity tomography extending over ∼15 km2 around the eruption site. The inverted data reveal the structure of the subsided area hosting the region where a mix of groundwater, mud breccia, hydrocarbons and boiling hydrothermal fluids are stored. Our investigation also points out the link between a well-developed fault system and the upwelling of the deep-seated fluids that initiated, and still drive, the development of the new-born Lusi eruption.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: e2021GL092632
    Beschreibung: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Extensive 3D deep electrical resistivity tomography ; Lusi Eruption Site in East Java ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 69
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    Geodynamic and seismotectonic model of a long-lived transverse structure: The Schio-Vicenza Fault System (NE Italy) (2021)
    EGU - Copernicus
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-08-31
    Beschreibung: We make a thorough review of geological and seismological data on the long-lived Schio-Vicenza Fault System (SVFS) in northern Italy and present for it a geodynamic and seismotectonic interpretation. The SVFS is a major and high-angle structure transverse to the mean trend of the eastern Southern Alps fold-and-thrust belt, and the knowledge of this structure is deeply rooted in the geological literature and spans more than a century and a half. The main fault of the SVFS is the Schio-Vicenza Fault (SVF), which has a significant imprint in the landscape across the eastern Southern Alps and the Veneto-Friuli foreland. The SVF can be divided into a northern segment, extending into the chain north of Schio and mapped up to the Adige Valley, and a southern one, coinciding with the SVF proper. The latter segment borders to the east the Lessini Mountains, Berici Mountains and Euganei Hills block, separating this foreland structural high from the Veneto-Friuli foreland, and continues southeastward beneath the recent sediments of the plain via the blind Conselve–Pomposa fault. The structures forming the SVFS have been active with different tectonic phases and different styles of faulting at least since the Mesozoic, with a long-term dip-slip component of faulting well defined and, on the contrary, the horizontal component of the movement not being well constrained. The SVFS interrupts the continuity of the eastern Southern Alps thrust fronts in the Veneto sector, suggesting that it played a passive role in controlling the geometry of the active thrust belt and possibly the current distribution of seismic release. As a whole, apart from moderate seismicity along the northern segment and few geological observations along the southern one, there is little evidence to constrain the recent activity of the SVFS. In this context, the SVFS, and specifically its SVF strand, has accommodated a different amount of shortening of adjacent domains of the Adriatic (Dolomites) indenter by internal deformation produced by lateral variation in strength, related to Permian–Mesozoic tectonic structures and paleogeographic domains. The review of the historical and instrumental seismicity along the SVFS shows that it does not appear to have generated large earthquakes during the last few hundred years. The moderate seismicity points to a dextral strike-slip activity, which is also corroborated by the field analysis of antithetic Riedel structures of the fault cropping out along the northern segment. Conversely, the southern segment shows geological evidence of sinistral strike-slip activity. The apparently conflicting geological and seismological data can be reconciled considering the faulting style of the southern segment as driven by the indentation of the Adriatic plate, while the opposite style along the northern segment can be explained in a sinistral opening “zipper” model, where intersecting pairs of simultaneously active faults with a different sense of shear merge into a single fault system.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1967-1986
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Inherited faults ; Fold and thrust belt ; Transverse structures ; Strike-slip faults ; Southern Alps ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    An Integrated Multiscale Method for the Characterisation of Active Faults in Offshore Areas. The Case of Sant’Eufemia Gulf (Offshore Calabria, Italy) (2021)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-27
    Beschreibung: Diagnostic morphological features (e.g., rectilinear seafloor scarps) and lateral offsets of the Upper Quaternary deposits are used to infer active faults in offshore areas. Although they deform a significant seafloor region, the active faults are not necessarily capable of producing large earthquakes as they correspond to shallow structures formed in response to local stresses. We present a multiscale approach to reconstruct the structural pattern in offshore areas and distinguish between shallow, non-seismogenic, active faults, and deep blind faults, potentially associated with large seismic moment release. The approach is based on the interpretation of marine seismic reflection data and quantitative morphometric analysis of multibeam bathymetry, and tested on the Sant’Eufemia Gulf (southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea). Data highlights the occurrence of three major tectonic events since the Late Miocene. The first extensional or transtensional phase occurred during the Late Miocene. Since the Early Pliocene, a right-lateral transpressional tectonic event caused the positive inversion of deep (〉3 km) tectonic features, and the formation of NE-SW faults in the central sector of the gulf. Also, NNE-SSW to NE-SW trending anticlines (e.g., Maida Ridge) developed in the eastern part of the area. Since the Early Pleistocene (Calabrian), shallow (〈1.5 km) NNE-SSW oriented structures formed in a left-lateral transtensional regime. The new results integrated with previous literature indicates that the Late Miocene to Recent transpressional/transtensional structures developed in an ∼E-W oriented main displacement zone that extends from the Sant’Eufemia Gulf to the Squillace Basin (Ionian offshore), and likely represents the upper plate response to a tear fault of the lower plate. The quantitative morphometric analysis of the study area and the bathymetric analysis of the Angitola Canyon indicate that NNE-SSW to NE-SW trending anticlines were negatively reactivated during the last tectonic phase. We also suggest that the deep structure below the Maida Ridge may correspond to the seismogenic source of the large magnitude earthquake that struck the western Calabrian region in 1905. The multiscale approach contributes to understanding the tectonic imprint of active faults from different hierarchical orders and the geometry of seismogenic faults developed in a lithospheric strike-slip zone orthogonal to the Calabrian Arc.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 670557
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Active tectonics ; Calabrian Arc (Italy) ; southern Tyrrhenian sea ; slab-tear fault ; high-resolution seismic data ; morphotectonic analysis ; 1905 earthquake ; seismogenic sources ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Multidisciplinary analyses for mapping and evaluating kinematics and stress/strain field at active faults and fissures at NE Rift, Mt Etna (Italy) (2021)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-13
    Beschreibung: Strategies for disaster risk reduction in volcanic areas are mostly driven by multidisciplinary analyses, which offer effective and complementary information on complex geomorphological and volcano-tectonic environments. For example, quantification of the offset at active faults and fissures is of paramount importance to shed light on the kinematics of zones prone to deformation and/or seismic activity. This provides key information for the assessment of seismic hazard, but also for the identification of conditions that may favor magma uprising and opening of eruptive fissures. Here we present the results of a study encompassing detailed geological, structural and seismological observations focusing on part of the NE Rift at Etna volcano (Italy). The area is situated at an elevation ranging between 2700 and 1900 m a.s.l. where harsh meteorological conditions and difficult logistics render classical field work a troublesome issue. In order to bypass these difficulties, high-resolution (2.8 cm) UAV survey has been recently completed. The survey highlights the presence of 250 extension fractures, 20 normal fault segments, and 54 eruptive fissures. The study allows us to quantify the kinematics at extensional fractures and normal faults, obtaining an extension rate of 1.9 cm/yr for the last 406 yr. With a total of 432 structural data collected by UAV along with SfM photogrammetry, this work also demonstrates the suitability of the application of such surveys for the monitoring of hazardous zone.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: online (vEGU21)
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Schlagwort(e): Etna ; stress and strain field ; active faults ; NE Rift ; volcano ; kinematics ; UAV survey ; multidisciplinary analysis ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Conference paper
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  • 72
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    Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources (DISS), Version 3.3.0: A compilation of potential sources for earthquakes larger than M 5.5 in Italy and surrounding areas (2021)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-01-13
    Beschreibung: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: 4IT. Banche dati
    Schlagwort(e): Seismogenic Source ; Active Fault ; Active Fault System ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: web product
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  • 73
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    Minor earthquake sequences in the Amatrice-Norcia epicentral area (Central Italy) (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-11-21
    Beschreibung: This study presents a detailed analysis of minor seismic sequences recorded in the Amatrice-Norcia area (central Italy) before 2016 when the most important seismic sequence of the last 40 years struck the region with the Mw 6.0 Amatrice and the Mw 6.5 Norcia earthquakes. We observe that, in the four decades before the 2016–2018 Amatrice-Visso-Norcia sequence, the instrumental seismicity rate is low, with maximum magnitudes lower than Mw 4.0, and is characterized by different types of behaviours as single shock events, swarms and minor se- quences. For the first time, we relocate the minor seismicity recorded before 2016 by the Italian National Seismic Network of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia by applying the nonlinear inversion code Non- LinLoc in a local velocity model. Revised earthquake locations of the past seismic sequences are compared to the recent 2016–2018 seismicity in order to investigate some possible correlations with the seismogenic structures reactivated in 2016. With this goal, we also integrated our new hypocentral locations with fault plane solutions and geological data to interpret our results with respect to the 2016–2018 seismicity. Our results show how some of the structures identified by the minor seismicity before 2016 were reactivated during the recent sequence, while others seismic structures remained silent. We therefore highlight how the study of minor seismic sequences provides important information about the seismogenic attitude of less active or less known seismogenic struc- tures with consequent impact on the evaluation of the seismic hazard.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 228858
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 74
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    Integrated on‐land‐offshore stratigraphy of the Campi Flegrei caldera: new insights into the volcano‐tectonic evolution in the last 15 kyr (2021)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-22
    Beschreibung: Silicic calderas are volcanic systems whose unrest evolution is more unpredictable than other volcano types because they often do not culminate in an eruption. Their complex structure strongly influences the post-collapse volcano-tectonic evolution, usually coupling volcanism and ground deformation. Among such volcanoes, the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) is one of the most studied. Significant long- and short-term ground deformations characterize this restless volcano. Several studies performed on the marinecontinental succession exposed in the central sector of the Campi Flegrei caldera provided a reconstruction of ground deformation during the last 15 kyr. However, considering that over one-third of the caldera is presently submerged beneath the Pozzuoli Gulf, a comprehensive stratigraphic on-land-offshore framework is still lacking. This study aims at reconstructing the offshore succession through analysis of high-resolution single and multichannel reflection seismic profiles and correlates the resulting seismic stratigraphic framework with the stratigraphy reconstructed on-land. Results provide new clues on the causative relations between the intra-caldera marine and volcaniclastic sedimentation and the alternating phases of marine transgressions and regressions originated by the interplay between ground deformation and sea-level rise. The volcano-tectonic reconstruction, provided in this work, connects the major caldera floor movements to the large Plinian eruptions of Pomici Principali (12 ka) and Agnano Monte Spina (4.55 ka), with the onset of the first post-caldera doming at ~10.5 ka. We emphasize that ground deformation is usually coupled with volcanic activity, which shows a self-similar pattern, regardless of its scale. Thus, characterizing the long-term deformation history becomes of particular interest and relevance for hazard assessment and definition of future unrest scenarios.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 855-882
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): offshore stratigraphy ; seismic units ; La Starza succession ; volcanism, ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 75
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    The impact of structural complexity, fault segmentation, and reactivation on seismotectonics: Constraints from the upper crust of the 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence area (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-09
    Beschreibung: Young and tectonically active chains like the Central Apennines (Italy) are featured by high structural complexity as a result of the overprint of subsequent deformational stages, making interpretation of seismotectonics challenging. The Central Apennines are characterized by the stacking of tectono-sedimentary units organized in thrust sheets. However, extensional tectonics is currently affecting the axial sector of the thrust belt, mostly expressing in extensional earthquakes. Using a large subsurface dataset acquired for hydrocarbon exploration in the region struck by the 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence, we built a comprehensive 3D geological model and compared it with the seismicity. The model primarily shows a series of thrusts developed during the Miocene-Pliocene Apennines orogenesis and inherited normal faults developed during the Mesozoic extensional phase and the Miocene foreland flexural process. These normal faults were segmented and transported within the thrust sheets, and sometimes they still show a clear surface expression. The succession of tectonic stages resulted in a widespread reactivation of inherited structures, sometimes inverting their kinematics with different styles and rates, and disarticulating pre-existing configurations. Such evolution has a strong impact on the seismicity observed in the area, as demonstrated by some examples that show how the seismicity is aligned on segments of inherited faults, both compressional and extensional. Their reactivation can be explained by their favorable orientation within the current extensional stress field. Results feed the debate about the seismogenic potential of faults identified both at depth and surface, which can impact the seismic hazard of the Apennines.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 228861
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Normal faults ; Thrust sheets ; Inherited faults ; Earthquakes ; Central Apennines ; 3D geological model ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 76
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    The early Cenomanian crippsi Event at Lüneburg (Germany): palaeontological and stratigraphical significance of a widespread Late Cretaceous bioevent (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-20
    Beschreibung: The early Cenomanian crippsi Event comprises a 1–3-m-thick interval characterised by mass occurrences of the early Cenomanian inoceramid Gnesioceramus crippsi, identified in the uppermost Sharpeiceras schlueteri Subzone (lower lower Cenomanian Mantelliceras mantelli Zone), below an interregional sequence boundary (SB Ce 1). At Lüneburg, the event is characterised by densely packed, very large, disc-like valves of G. crippsi. Taphonomy as well as bio- and microfacies suggest an event formation in a deeper shelf setting below the storm-wave base as primary biogenic concentration, the inoceramids living as recumbent forms on a soft substrate in dense populations. When tracked between basins, the stratigraphic pattern of the crippsi Event suggests a moderately prolonged phase (〈 100 kyr) of increased shell production with rapid deposition aiding in preserving the shell-rich event strata. Towards the basin margins, it grades into storm wave-reworked bioclastic concentrations. The crippsi Event formed by an interregional population bloom and provides, as an proliferation epibole, an important marker for intra- and interbasinal correlation. The first record of G. mowriensis within the crippsi Event at Lüneburg, hitherto endemic to the US Western Interior Seaway, and the occurrence of the ammonite Metengonoceras teigenense, likewise an endemic North American faunal element, from the level of the crippsi Event in northern France indicate faunal exchange between the New and Old worlds during the early Cenomanian. This faunal dispersal and contemporaneous occurrence of warm-water biofacies in Western Europe during the early Cenomanian is explained by the existence of a perpetual NE-directed current transporting warm surface waters from the Gulf of Mexico towards Europe. The occurrence of short-lived M. teigenense in France allows for the calibration of the uppermost schlueteri Subzone of the mantelli Zone in Europe to the lowermost Neogastroplites muelleri Zone in North America and to assign an age of ~ 98.6–98.7 Ma to the crippsi Event.
    Beschreibung: Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden (3507)
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:560 ; Upper Cretaceous ; Proliferation epibole ; Taphonomy ; Palaeo(bio)geography ; Correlation
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doc-type:article
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  • 77
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    Relationship between soil CO2 flux and tectonic structures in SW Sicily (2020)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-09-09
    Beschreibung: The identification and characterization of seismogenic structures in southwestern Sicily is an open debate both for the geological-structural complexity of this sector and the scarce seismicity as well. In addition, clear morphological evidence of tectonic structures is limited. Besides the geophysical methods, the study of the spatial distribution of soil CO2 flux is a valid methodology to investigate the position and geometry of buried active faults. Indeed, active tectonic structures are channels with high permeability through which deep fluids can migrate toward the atmosphere. Therefore, the alignment of high degassing areas can reveal the presence of preferential ways of rising fluids (i.e. faults). We applied this methodology in SW Sicily in the surrounding of the area hit by the 1968 seismic sequence and in three other areas where evidence of active deformation has been recognized. Furthermore, to investigate the origin of emitted fluids, we measured the carbon isotopic composition of the soil CO2 in some high emission sites. The results showed high spatial variability of soil CO2 fluxes with values ranging from 1 to 430 g m−2d−1. The areal patterns of soil CO2 fluxes in all the areas reveal a strong influence of the main tectonic structures and active deformations on soil CO2 emissions. The range of isotopic data and the distribution of soil CO2 fluxes suggest a supply of deep fluids through the active tectonic structures.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: SE104
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Soil CO2 flux ; Diffusive degassing structures (DDS) ; Active tectonic structures ; Belice Valley ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 78
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    Database of Italian Present-day Stress Indicators, IPSI 1.4 (2020)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-09-21
    Beschreibung: The Italian Present-day Stress Indicators (IPSI) database is a freely available Italian georeferenced repository of information regarding the crustal stress field. It consists of horizontal stress orientations that have been analysed, compiled in a standardised format and quality-ranked for reliability and comparability on a global scale. The database contains a collection of information regarding contemporary stress within the shallow crust from the following main stress-indicator categories: borehole breakouts; earthquake focal mechanisms; seismic sequences and active fault-slip data. The present database (IPSI 1.4) released in January 2020 is accessible through a web interface which facilitates findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability of the dataset. Moreover, it contains 928 records updated up until December 2019 with an increase of 10% with respect to the first one, and improved metadata information. The uniform spread of stress data over a given territory is relevant for earth crustal modelling or as starting point in many applied studies. It is therefore necessary to continue collecting new data and update present-day stress maps to obtain more reliable evaluations.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: id 298
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 4IT. Banche dati
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): present-day stress ; crustal stress ; borehole breakout ; earthquake focal mechanism ; active fault ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 79
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    Tidal modulation of plate motions (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-09-07
    Beschreibung: While mantle convection is a fundamental ingredient of geodynamics, the driving mechanism of plate tectonics remains elusive. Are plates driven only from the thermal cooling of the mantle or are there further astronomical forces acting on them? GPS measurements are now accurate enough that, on long baselines, both secular plate motions and periodic tidal displacements are visible. The now 〉20 year-long space geodesy record of plate motions allows a more accurate analysis of the contribution of the horizontal component of the body tide in shifting the lithosphere. We review the data and show that lithospheric plates retain a non-zero horizontal component of the solid Earth tidal waves and their speed correlates with tidal harmonics. High-frequency semidiurnal Earth's tides are likely contributing to plate motions, but their residuals are still within the error of the present accuracy of GNSS data. The low-frequency body tides rather show horizontal residuals equal to the relative motion among plates, proving the astronomical input on plate dynamics. Plates move faster with nu- tation cyclicities of 8.8 and 18.6 years that correlate to lunar apsides migration and nodal precession. The high- frequency body tides are mostly buffered by the high viscosity of the lithosphere and the underlying mantle, whereas low-frequency horizontal tidal oscillations are compatible with the relaxation time of the low-velocity zone and can westerly drag the lithosphere over the asthenospheric mantle. Variable angular velocities among plates are controlled by the viscosity anisotropies in the decoupling layer within the low-velocity zone. Tidal oscillations also correlate with the seismic release.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 103179
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Body tide ; Plate tectonics ; Geeodynamics ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 80
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    Numerical modelling of the Aegean-Anatolian region: geodynamical constraints from observed rheological heterogeneities (2020)
    Ras
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-10-16
    Beschreibung: High strain rates and intense seismic activity characterize both the boundaries and the interior of the Aegean–Anatolian plate: the availability of geodetic and geophysical data makes this region ideal to make detailed models of continental deformation. Although the deformation occurring in the Aegean–Anatolian plate may be regarded as the primary effect of the Arabian indenter push, it has already been demonstrated that this mechanism cannot account for the observed extrusion/rotation of the whole plate. We investigate the present-day steady-state anelastic deformation of the Aegean–Anatolian plate by a thin plate thermomechanical finite element (FE) model that accounts for realistic rheological mechanisms and lateral variations of lithospheric properties. Studying the region with uniform models, where average values for thermal and geometric parameters are chosen, we find that two tectonic features, in addition to the Arabian plate push, are critical to reproduce a velocity field that gives a reasonable fit to the observations. The first is the E–W constraint of NW continental Greece, related to the collision between the Aegean–Anatolian plate and the Apulia–Adriatic platform, required in the model to attain the SW orientation of the velocity field along the Hellenic Arc. The second is the trench suction force (TSF) due to subduction of the African lithosphere, which is needed to fit the observed mean extrusion velocity of 30 mm yr−1 along the Hellenic Arc. Uniform models are useful to study the sensitivity to the interplay of rheological/thermal parameters in a simplified framework but, in all cases, predict a strong deformation localized along the Hellenic Arc, whereas geodetic and seismological data show that the highest strain rates are located in western Anatolia. Furthermore, uniform models are non-unique in the sense that since we model a vertically averaged thin plate, different thermal and rheological parameters can be combined to yield the same lithospheric strength. We account for internal sources of deformation with heterogeneous models, where the available constraints on lateral variations of crustal thickness and surface heat flow have been included. The heterogeneous distribution of lithospheric strength contributes to ameliorate the fit to geodetic and stress data, since the predicted velocity field is characterized by an acceleration from E to W, with a sharp increase in the proximity of the western margin of the Anatolian peninsula, where the highest rates of intraplate deformation are observed. In our model this partitioning of the deformation is due to the different rheology of the Aegean Sea, which, being slightly deformable, transmits the TSF to the western margin of Anatolia. Our results are consistent with the interpretation of the Aegean–Anatolian system as a single, rheologically heterogeneous plate.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 760-780
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Rheology ; Tectonics ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 81
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    Mantle viscosity beneath the Hudson Bay: An inversion based on the Metropolis algorithm (2020)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-10-16
    Beschreibung: We revisit the problem of inferring mantle viscosity from postglacial relative sea level (RSL) data across the Hudson Bay. We invert a recently revised data set using the Metropolis algorithm together with an annealing schedule: this method, which is well established in geophysics, is applied here for the first time to the glacial isostatic adjustment problem. The Metropolis algorithm performs a search, which is not limited to downhill moves in the model space and thus is less influenced by local minima of the misfit than traditional inverse approaches. Furthermore, its CPU requirements are far superior to Monte Carlo methods. The major drawbacks include slow convergence and the need for careful tuning of crucial variables such as the temperature schedule and the increment in the model space. When all the Hudson Bay RSL data are considered, and the viscosity of the upper mantle above the 670 km discontinuity is inverted, the best fitting solution is characterized by a viscosity close to 2 × 10^20 Pa s. However, when the shallow upper mantle and transition zone viscosity are separately inverted, other less traditional solutions with a more complex viscosity structure are found to be equally possible. A stable feature is the lower mantle viscosity, which is generally found to be close to the value of 10^21 Pa s in all of the stochastic inversions we have performed. The solutions agree with previous findings concerning both postglacial rebound observables and global geodynamics signatures.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2352
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Postglacial Rebound ; Mantle Viscosity ; Simulated Annealing ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 82
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    Present-day uplift of the European Alps: Evaluating mechanisms and models of their relative contributions (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-25
    Beschreibung: Recent measurements of surface vertical displacements of the European Alps show a correlation between vertical velocities and topographic features, with widespread uplift at rates of up to ~2–2.5 mm/a in the North-Western and Central Alps, and ~1 mm/a across a continuous region from the Eastern to the South-Western Alps. Such a rock uplift rate pattern is at odds with the horizontal velocity eld, characterized by shortening and crustal thickening in the Eastern Alps and very limited deformation in the Central and Western Alps. Proposed me- chanisms of rock uplift rate include isostatic response to the last deglaciation, long-term erosion, detachment of the Western Alpine slab, as well as lithospheric and surface de ection due to mantle convection. Here, we assess previous work and present new estimates of the contributions from these mechanisms. Given the large range of model estimates, the isostatic adjustment to deglaciation and erosion are su cient to explain the full observed rate of uplift in the Eastern Alps, which, if correct, would preclude a contribution from horizontal shortening and crustal thickening. Alternatively, uplift is a partitioned response to a range of mechanisms. In the Central and Western Alps, the lithospheric adjustment to deglaciation and erosion likely accounts for roughly half of the rock uplift rate, which points to a noticeable contribution by mantle-related processes such as detachment of the European slab and/or asthenospheric upwelling. While it is di cult to independently constrain the patterns and magnitude of mantle contributions to ongoing Alpine vertical displacements at present, future data should provide additional insights. Regardless, interacting tectonic and surface mass redistribution processes, rather than an individual forcing, best explain ongoing Alpine elevation changes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 589-604
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 04. Solid Earth ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 83
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    New insights into active tectonics and seismogenic potential of the Italian Southern Alps from vertical geodetic velocities (2020)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-09-07
    Beschreibung: This study presents and discusses horizontal and vertical geodetic velocities for a low strain rate region of the south Alpine thrust front in northeastern Italy obtained by integrating GPS, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and leveling data. The area is characterized by the presence of subparallel, south-verging thrusts whose seismogenic potential is still poorly known. Horizontal GPS velocities show that this sector of the eastern Southern Alps is undergoing ∼1 mm a−1 of NW–SE shortening associated with the Adria–Eurasia plate convergence, but the horizontal GPS velocity gradient across the mountain front provides limited constraints on the geometry and slip rate of the several subparallel thrusts. In terms of vertical velocities, the three geodetic methods provide consistent results showing a positive velocity gradient, of ∼ 1.5 mm a−1, across the mountain front, which can hardly be explained solely by isostatic processes. We developed an interseismic dislocation model whose geometry is constrained by available subsurface geological reconstructions and instrumental seismicity. While a fraction of the measured uplift can be attributed to glacial and erosional isostatic processes, our results suggest that interseismic strain accumulation at the Montello and the Bassano–Valdobbiadene thrusts it significantly contributing to the measured uplift. The seismogenic potential of the Montello thrust turns out to be smaller than that of the Bassano–Valdobbiadene fault, whose estimated parameters (locking depth equals 9.1 km and slip rate equals 2.1 mm a−1) indicate a structure capable of potentially generating a Mw〉6.5 earthquake. These results demonstrate the importance of precise vertical ground velocity data for modeling interseismic strain accumulation in slowly deforming regions where seismological and geomorphological evidence of active tectonics is often scarce or not conclusive.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1681–1698
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Southern Alps ; Vertical Velocities ; GPS and InSAR integration ; Interseismic Deformation ; Dislocation Model ; Seismic Potential ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 84
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    Reproducing the velocity and stress fields in the aegean Region (2020)
    AGU
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-10-16
    Beschreibung: Recent satellite geodetic measurements help to clearly define the velocity field in the Aegean-Anatolian area. The velocity field can be broadly characterized by anticlockwise rotation of this region relative to Eurasia, around a pole located at Lat. 32.73, Long. 32.03, north of the Egyptian shoreline. Studies of the fault kinematics in the region also provide information on the time evolution of the stress field. In this work, we model deformation in the Aegean-Anatolian region to better understand the tectonic origin of the observed stress and velocity fields. We found that the observed deformation pattern can be well reproduced by imposing simple boundary conditions including: (1) northward displacement of the Arabian plate, (2) locking of eastward motion in northwestern Greece and (3) suction force at the Hellenic trench. The observed variation in the stress field occurred at 0.9 Ma can be partially explained by a change in the activity of the North Anatolian fault.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2087-2090
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Plate Motion ; Continental tectonics ; Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle ; Plate boundary ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 85
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    Progetto SPOT - Sismicità Potenzialmente Innescabile Offshore e Tsunami: Report integrato di fine progetto (2020)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-27
    Beschreibung: Il progetto SPOT (Sismicità Potenzialmente innescabile Offshore e Tsunami) è stato sviluppato con lo scopo di supportare le Autorità italiane nell'applicazione della Direttiva Europea sulla sicurezza delle operazioni in mare nel settore degli idrocarburi (2013/30/EU), su fondi di cui art. 35 del Decreto Legge 83/2012, e dei decreti italiani che ne derivano (Antoncecchi et al., 2019). Il progetto, della durata di 21 mesi, è stato ideato e finanziato dal Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico italiano – Direzione Generale per la sicurezza delle attività minerarie ed energetiche (DGS-UNMIG) nell’ambito della rete di ricerca CLYPEA, con il supporto tecnico del Dipartimento della Protezione Civile nazionale.
    Beschreibung: Attività svolta nell'ambito del programma CLYPEA - Innovation Network for Future Energy, finanziato dal Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico su fondi per la "sicurezza offshore" ai sensi dell'art.35 D.L. 83/2012.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: 4IT. Banche dati
    Schlagwort(e): Italia ; Mare Adriatico ; Mare Ionio ; Canale di Sicilia ; terremoto ; maremoto ; tsunami ; sismicità offshore ; frana sottomarina ; vulnerabilità del costruito ; scenario di impatto ; rischio sismico ; rischio tsunami ; sicurezza marina ; produzione idrocarburi ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 86
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    New insights on the tectonic structure of the Southern Central Andes – Western Argentina – from seismic tomography (2020)
    Research Open (https://researchopenworld.com/category/geology-earth-marine-sciences/)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-01-20
    Beschreibung: The geodynamic evolution of central Chile-Argentina is mainly controlled by the subduction of the oceanic Nazca plate beneath the continental South American lithosphere. In particular, between 29°S and 34°S, the Nazca plate exhibits a flat-slab subduction around 100 km of depth, that extends eastward for hundreds of km before returning to a downward descent. This condition causes an interruption in the Andean volcanic arc and an intense crustal deformation that continues toward the craton, beyond the foreland thrust belt. The outcome is a very active crustal seismicity and complicated structural framework. In order to study the seismotectonic characteristics of this flat-slab region, we analyzed data recorded by a local network, performing a simultaneous inversion of both the velocity structure and the hypocentre parameters. The availability of accurate hypocentre locations and finely tuned velocity distribution allows us to improve the earthquake source characterization and the knowledge on the ongoing seismotectonics of the region.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-4
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Schlagwort(e): central Andes ; seismic tomography ; Flat-slab subduction ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 87
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    IPSI 1.4, Database of Italian Present-day Stress Indicators (2020)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-20
    Beschreibung: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e vulcanologia
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Schlagwort(e): present-day stress ; borehole breakout ; earthquake focal mechanism ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: web product
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  • 88
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    Space–time evolution of crustal deformation related to the Mw 6.3, 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (central Italy) from principal component analysis inversion of GPS position time-series (2020)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-03
    Beschreibung: This article has been accepted for publication in Geophysical Journal International ©: 2014, Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
    Beschreibung: In this work, we present a study of the coseismic and post-seismic crustal deformation associ- ated to the Mw 6.3, 2009 April 6 L’Aquila earthquake from the analysis of GPS displacement time-series. We use a principal component decomposition-based inversion method to study the space- and time-dependent evolution of slip on faults without any a priori assumption on the model used to characterize the temporal evolution of crustal deformation. The method adopted allows us to account for the initial post-seismic deformation in estimating the coseismic dis- placements, in a consistent manner for the whole GPS network. We use elastic dislocation theory and a least-squares procedure to invert for the slip distribution on the mainshock fault (Paganica fault) and a second fault (Campotosto fault), where a Mw 5.2 aftershock occurred on April 9. The geometries for these faults are obtained from a singular value decomposition of precisely relocated aftershocks. We find that the use of complex fault geometries is not justified by the GPS observations available. An inversion that accounts for post-seismic slip to occur on both the Paganica and Campotosto faults provides a better fit to the GPS time-series observations, than using only the Paganica fault segment, at a 95 per cent confidence level. Within our resolution, afterslip regions do not migrate over time and are localized on fault patches that are approximately complementary to those of coseismic slip. We find that the position of some relevant afterslip patches is different if the inversion is performed assuming a fixed rake or not. We estimate the parameter a – b of rate- and state-dependent friction on those fault regions accommodating afterslip that are robustly characterized in our inversions. We find values of the order of 10−3, which is near the transition from potentially unstable to nominally stable friction. These results are in agreement with laboratory measurements performed on typical rocks of the L’Aquila region.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 174–191
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 3T. Sorgente sismica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 04. Solid Earth ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Tectonics and seismicity in the Northern Apennines driven by slab retreat and lithospheric delamination (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-10
    Beschreibung: Understanding how long-term subduction dynamics relates to the short-term seismicity and crustal tec tonics is a challenging but crucial topic in seismotectonics. We attempt to address this issue by linking long-term geodynamic evolution with short-term seismogenic deformation in the Northern Apennines. This retreating subduction orogen displays tectonic and seismogenic behaviors on various spatiotemporal scales that also characterize other subduction zones in the Mediterranean area. We use visco-elasto-plastic seismo-thermo-mechanical (STM) modeling with a realistic 2D setup based on available geological and geophysical data. The subduction dynamics and seismicity are coupled in the numerical modeling, and driven only by buoyancy forces, i.e., slab pull. Our results suggest that lower crustal rheology and lithospheric mantle temperature modulate the crustal tectonics of the Northern Apennines, as inferred by previous studies. The observed spatial distribution of upper crustal tectonic regimes and surface displacements requires buoyant, highly ductile material in the subduction channel beneath the internal part of the orogen. This allows protrusion of the asthenosphere in the lower crust and lithospheric delamination associated with slab retreat. The resulting surface velocities and principal stress axes generally agree with present-day observations, suggesting that slab delamination and retreat can explain the dynamics of the orogen. Our simulations successfully reproduce the type and overall distribution of seismicity with thrust faulting events in the external part of the orogen and normal faulting in its internal part. Slab temperatures and lithospheric mantle stiffness affect the cumulative seismic moment release and spatial distribution of upper crustal earthquakes. The properties of deep, sub-crustal material are thus shown to influence upper crustal seismicity in an orogen driven by slab retreat, even though the upper crust is largely decoupled from the lithospheric mantle. Our simulations therefore highlight the effect of deep lower crustal rheologies, self-driven subduction dynamics and mantle properties in controlling shallow deformation and seismicity.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 228481
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Numerical modeling ; Geodynamics ; Seismotectonics orogen ; Delamination ; Northern Apennines ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 05.01. Computational geophysics ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 90
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    Seismotectonics study of the valle umbra area at different space and time scales: an integration of geomorphological, geophysical and remote sensing data (2020)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-07
    Beschreibung: The Valle Umbra is a NW-SE 20 km long and 10 km wide Quaternary alluvial basin located in the internal sector of the active extensional tectonic Apennine chain, central Italy. This area historically suffered major earthquakes such as in 1832 (ME=6.3; I0=X) and 1854 (Me=5.6; I=VIII), both localized in the valley. It was marginally affected by the seismic event localized in the Colfiorito basin (M 6.0; September 1997) and more recently suffered from damages to buildings caused by the last seismic sequence of Amatrice-Visso-Norcia (main shock, Norcia, PG, Mw 6.5, 30 October 2016). We investigate the presence of active segments that may be hidden under the unconsolidated deposits filling the basin. We integrate single station ambient noise measurements with previously acquired seismic reflection data and surface geology in order to reconstruct the subsurface geometry of the basin and localize buried faults. Preliminary results from the ambient noise spectral ratios show, in general, one resonance peak at around 0.8 - 1 Hz for stations installed on the lower Pleistocene deposits overlapping the Miocenic bedrock and two resonance peaks for stations installed in the alluvial infill deposits in the central portion of the valley. An accelerometric station of the national civil protection provided us additional constraints about the level of amplification of the site, (connected to the presence of impedance contrasts in the subsoil) as recovered by spectral ratio analysis of several earthquakes recorded from the 1986 up to date. Moreover, the availability of more than 20 years of SAR data archives for the studied area, allowed us the observation of a differential ground subsidence, detected by means of the application of Differential InSAR techniques. The subsidence can be due to either human induced aquifers withdrawal or to tectonic of the area, and we interpret that these can be co-responsible for the observed subsidence pattern. Through the correlation of the time-series of observed recent ground deformations with the buried geological structures identified using geophysical techniques, we made an attempt of detecting and characterizing the geologic heterogeneities in the subsurface, defining the geometry and kinematics of the buried faults and eventually addressing the seismogenic potential of the area.
    Beschreibung: Unpublished
    Beschreibung: La Valletta (Malta)
    Beschreibung: 3T. Sorgente sismica
    Schlagwort(e): Seismic noise ; Valle Umbra ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Conference paper
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  • 91
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    Evidence for a serpentinized plate interface favouring continental subduction (2020)
    Nature P. G.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-05-19
    Beschreibung: The dynamics of continental subduction is largely controlled by the rheological properties of rocks involved along the subduction channel. Serpentinites have low viscosity at geological strain rates. However, compelling geophysical evidence of a serpentinite channel during continental subduction is still lacking. Here we show that anomalously low shear-wave seismic velocities are found beneath the Western Alps, along the plate interface between the European slab and the overlying Adriatic mantle. We propose that these seismic velocities indicate the stacked remnants of a weak fossilised serpentinite channel, which includes both slivers of abyssal serpentinite formed at the ocean floor and mantle-wedge serpentinite formed by fluid release from the subducting slab. Our results suggest that this serpentinized plate interface may have favoured the subduction of continental crust into the upper mantle and the formation/exhumation of ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks, providing new constraints to develop the conceptual and quantitative understanding of continental-subduction dynamics.
    Beschreibung: This research was supported by NSFC (grant nos. 41888101, 91755000, and 41625016), CAS program (GJHZ1776), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (contract ANR-15-CE31-0015), and Labex OSUG@2020 (Investissement d’Avenir, ANR-10-LABX-56). T.B. is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant no. 716542). This is contribution 1484 from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (http://www.ccfs.mq.edu.au). This work was supported by resources provided by the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre with funding from the Australian Government and the Government of Western Australia.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: id 2171
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Lithosphere reology ; serpentinites ; subduction ; Western Alps ; exhumation ; 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 92
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    Active Extension in a Foreland Trapped Between Two Contractional Chains: The South Apulia Fault System (SAFS) (2020)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-08
    Beschreibung: The response of continental forelands to subduction and collision is a widely investigated topic in geodynamics. The deformation occurring within a foreland shared by two opposite‐verging chains, however, is uncommon and poorly understood. The Apulia Swell in the southern end of the Adria microplate (Africa‐Europe plate boundary, central Mediterranean Sea) represents one of these cases, as it is the common foreland of the SW verging Albanides‐Hellenides and the NE verging Southern Apennines merging into the SSE verging Calabrian Arc. We investigated the internal deformation of the Apulia Swell using multiscale geophysical data: multichannel seismic profiles recording up to 12‐s two‐way time (TWT) for a consistent image of the upper crust; high‐resolution multichannel seismic profiles, high‐resolution multibeam bathymetry, and CHIRP profiles acquired by R/V OGS Explora to constrain the Quaternary geological record. The results of our analyses characterize the geometry of the South Apulia Fault System (SAFS), a 100‐km‐long and 12‐km‐wide structure attesting an extensional (and possibly transtensional) response of the foreland to the two contractional fronts. The SAFS consists of two NW‐SE right‐stepping master faults and several secondary structures. The SAFS activity spans from the Early Pleistocene through the Holocene, as testified by the bathymetric and high‐resolution seismic data, with long‐term slip rates in the range of 0.2–0.4 mm/yr. Considering the position within an area with few or none other active faults in the surroundings, the dimension, and the activity rates, the SAFS can be a candidate causative fault of the 20 February 1743, M 6.7, earthquake.
    Beschreibung: Italian Ministry for Education, University, and Research (MIUR), Premiale 2014 D. M. 291 03/05/2016.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: e2020TC006116
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): active tectonics ; apulia ; south apulia fault system ; 1743 earthquake ; marine geology ; stable continental region ; ionian sea ; active faults ; subsurface geology ; seismic interpretation ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 93
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    Stick-slip vs. stable sliding fault behaviour: A case-study using a multidisciplinary approach in the volcanic region of Mt. Etna (Italy) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-10-26
    Beschreibung: In active volcanic zones, fault dynamics is considerably fast but it is often difficult to separate the pattern of nearly continuous large-scale volcanic processes (inflation/deflation processes, flank instability) from impulsive episodes such as dyke intrusions or coseismic fault displacements. At Etna, multidisciplinary studies on active faults whose activity does not strictly depend on volcanic processes, are relatively few. Here we present the case-study of the San Leonardello fault, an active structure located in the eastern flank of Mt. Etna characterised by a well-known seismic history. This fault saw renewed activity in May 2009, when pre-seismic creeping along the southern segment preceded an MW 4.0 earthquake in the northern segment, followed by some twenty-five aftershocks. Later, in March–April 2016, creep events reactivated the southern section of the same fault. Both the seismic and aseismic phenomena were recorded by the seismic and GNSS networks of INGV-Osservatorio Etneo, and produced surface faulting that left a footprint in the pattern of ground deformation detected by the InSAR measurements. We demonstrate that the integration of multidisciplinary data collected for volcano surveillance may shed light on different aspects of fault dynamics, and allow understanding how coseismic slip and creep alternate in space and time along the strike. Moreover, we use findings from our independent datasets to propose a conceptual model of the San Leonardello fault, taking into account behaviour and previous constraints from fault-based seismic hazard analyses. Although the faulting mechanisms described here occur at a very small scale compared with those of a purely tectonic setting, this case-study may represent a perfect natural lab for improving knowledge of seismogenic processes, also in other fault zones characterised by stick slip vs. stablesliding fault behaviour.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 228554
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Fault ; Earthquake ; Creep ; Seismotectonics ; Behaviour ; Mt. Etna volcano ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.03. Geodesy
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 94
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    Fault pattern and seismotectonic potential at the south-western edge of the Ionian Subduction system (southern Italy): New field and geophysical constraints (2020)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-09
    Beschreibung: The south-western edge of the Calabrian Arc in southern Italy has been investigated throughout a joint analysis of field, marine and geophysical data which provided constraints on the fault pattern and on the seismotectonic potential. The study was focused on a poorly known sector of a larger belt of seismically active faults slicing across the NE corner of Sicily, the so-called Tindari Fault System. Our data pointed out that the investigated area, including the mainland and the Ionian offshore, is deformed by oblique faulting with a general NW-SE tectonic trend. Earthquake distribution and seismic profiles pointed out active deformation in the offshore while the mainland is characterized by the occurrence of a NW-SE oriented,〉20 km-long, structural belt. However, scarce seismicity has been recorded in the last 30 years alongside this tectonic structure, accounting for a possible silent segment of the larger fault system. Tomographic images revealed that the Moho discontinuity is deformed by a NE-dipping lithospheric tectonic structure which has been here retained the main mode of deformation and responsible for coseismic displacement in the area. As a whole, field and geophysical data agree with a general NW-SE trend segmented pattern of recent/active faults that have the potentiality of generating magnitude 6.5–7 earthquakes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 31-45
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Subduction system ; Slab edge tear ; Active faulting ; Seismic profiling ; Earthquakes ; Calabrian Arc ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 95
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    Multi-temporal tectonic evolution of Capo Granitola and Sciacca foreland transcurrent faults (Sicily channel) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-09
    Beschreibung: Joint analysis of high-penetration multi-channel and high-resolution single-channel seismic reflection profiles, calibrated by deep well boreholes, allowed a detailed reconstruction of the Late Miocene to Recent tectonic history of the Capo Granitola and Sciacca fault systems offshore southwestern Sicily. These two fault arrays are part of a regional system of transcurrent faults that dissect the foreland block in front of the Neogene Sicilian fold and thrust belt. The Capo Granitola and Sciacca faults are thought to reactivate inherited Mesozoic to Miocene normal faults developed on the northern continental margin of Africa. During Latest Miocene-Pliocene, the two ~NNE-SSW striking faults were active in left transpression, which inverted Late Miocene extensional half-grabens and created push-up ridges along both systems. Tectonic activity decreased during the Pleistocene, but transpressional folds deform Middle-Late Pleistocene sediments as well, suggesting that the two fault systems are active. The ~40 km long longitudinal amplitude profile of 1st order folds (Capo Granitola and Sciacca anticlines) shows ~15–20 km bell-shaped undulations that represents 2nd order folds. The length of these undulations together with the map pattern of faults allowed to divide the CGFS and SFS into two segments, northern and southern, respectively. Total uplift of the Sciacca Anticline is twice than the uplift of the Capo Granitola Anticline. Incremental fold growth rates decreased during time from 0.22 mm/yr (Capo Granitola Anticline) and 0.44 mm/yr (Sciacca Anticline) in the Pliocene, to 0.07 and 0.22 mm/yr, respectively, during the last ~1.8 Ma.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 187-204
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Multiscale analysis ; Basin inversion ; Strike-slip faults ; Fold growth rates ; Pelagian foreland ; SW Sicily offshore ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    The role of continental margins in the final stages of arc formation: Constraints from teleseismic tomography of the Gibraltar and Calabrian Arc (Western Mediterranean) (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-02
    Beschreibung: The deep seismicity and lateral distribution of seismic velocity in the CentralWesternMediterranean, point to the existence under the Alboran and Tyrrhenian Seas of two lithospheric slabs reaching the mantle transition zone. Gibraltar and Calabrian narrow arcs correspond to the slabs. Similarities in the tectonic and mantle structure of the two areas have been explained by a common subduction and roll-back mechanism, in which the two arcs are symmetrical end members. We present a new 3-D tomographic model at mantle scale for the Calabrian Arc and compare it with a recently published model for the Gibraltar Arc by Monna et al. (2013a). The two models, calculated with inversion of teleseismic phase arrivals, have a scale and parametrization that allow for a direct comparison. The inclusion in both inversions of ocean bottom seismometer broadband data improves the resolution of the areas underlying the seafloor networks. This additional information is used to resolve the deep structure and constrain the reconstruction of the Central Western Mediterranean geodynamic evolution. The Gibraltar tomography model suggests that the slab is separated from the Atlantic oceanic domain by a portion of African continental margin, whereas the Calabrian model displays a continuous oceanic slab that is connected, via a narrow passage (~350 km), to the Ionian basin oceanic domain. Starting from the comparison of the two models we propose the following interpretation: within the Mediterranean geodynamic regime (dominated by slab rollback) the geometry of the African continental margin, located on the lower plate, represents a critical control on the evolution of subduction. As buoyant continental lithosphere entered the subduction zones, slab pull caused tears in the subducted lithosphere. This tectonic response,which occurred in the final stages of arc evolution and was strongly controlled by the paleogeography of the subducted plates, explains the observed differences between the Gibraltar and Calabrian Arcs.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 135-152
    Beschreibung: 7T. Struttura della Terra e geodinamica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Teleseismic tomography ; Upper mantle ; Gibraltar Arc ; Calabrian Arc ; Subduction zone ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 97
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    Complexity of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake causative fault system (Abruzzi Apennines, Italy) and effects on the Middle Aterno Quaternary basin arrangement (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-15
    Beschreibung: An Mw 6.1, devastating earthquake, on April 6, 2009, struck the Middle Aterno Valley (Abruzzi Apennines, Italy) due to the activation of a poorly known normal fault system. Structural analysis of the fault population and investigation of the relationships with the Quaternary continental deposits through integrated field and laboratory techniques were conducted in order to reconstruct the long-term, tectono-sedimentary evolution of the basin and hypothesize the size of the fault segment. A polyphasic evolution of the Middle Aterno Valley is characterized by a conjugate, ∼E-W and ∼NS-striking fault system, during the early stage of basin development, and by a dip-slip, NW-striking fault system in a later phase. The old conjugate fault system controlled the generation of the largest sedimentary traps in the area and is responsible for the horst and graben structures within the basin. During the Early Pleistocene the E-W and NS system reactivated with dip-slip kinematics. This gave rise to intra-basin bedrock highs and a significant syn-tectonic deposition, causing variable thickness and hiatuses of the continental infill. Subsequently, since the end of the Early Pleistocene, with the inception of the NW-striking fault system, several NW-strands linked into longer splays and their activity migrated toward a leading segment affecting the Paganica-San Demetrio basin: the Paganica-San Demetrio fault alignment. The findings from this work constrain and are consistent with the subsurface basin geometry inferred from previous geophysical investigations. Notably, two major elements of the ∼E-W and ∼NS-striking faults likely act as transfer to the nearby stepping active fault systems or form the boundaries, as geometric complexities, that limit the Paganica-San Demetrio fault segment overall length to 19 ± 3 km. The resulting size of the leading fault segment is coherent with the extent of the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila earthquake causative fault. The positive match between the geologic long-term and coseismic images of the 2009 seismogenic fault highlights that the comprehensive reconstruction of the deformation history offers a unique contribution to the understanding faults seismic potential.
    Beschreibung: MIUR (Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research) project “FIRB Abruzzo - High-resolution analyses for assessing the seismic hazard and risk of the areas affected by the 6 April 2009 earthquake”, ref. RBAP10ZC8K_005 and RBAP10ZC8K_007, and by Agreement INGV-DPC 2012–2021
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 30-66
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Quaternary geology ; L'Aquila earthquake ; structural geology ; Middle Aterno Valley ; neotectonics ; active fault ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 98
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    Testing different tectonic models for the source of the Mw 6.5, 30 October 2016, Norcia earthquake (central Italy): A youthful normal fault, or negative inversion of an old thrust? (2019)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-24
    Beschreibung: We adopted a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the seismotectonic scenario of the 30 October 2016, Mw 6.5, Norcia earthquake, the largest shock of the 2016-2017 central Italy earthquake sequence. First, we used seismological and geodetic data to infer the dip of the main slip patch of the seismogenic fault, that turned out to be rather low-angle (37°). To evaluate whether this is an acceptable dip for the main seismogenic source, we modeled earthquake deformation using single- and multiple-fault models deduced from aftershock pattern analyses. These models show that the coseismic deformation generated by the Norcia earthquake is coherent with slip along a rather shallow-dipping plane. To understand the geological significance of this solution we reconstructed the sub-surface architecture of the epicentral area. As the available data are not robust enough to converge on a single fault model, we built three different models encompassing all major geological evidence and the associated uncertainties, including the tectonic style and the location of major decollement levels. In all models the structures derived from the contractional phase play a significant role: from controlling segmentation to partially reusing inherited faults, to fully reactivating in extension a regional thrust, geometrically compatible with the source of the Norcia earthquake. Based on our conclusions, some additional seismogenic sources falling in the eastern, external portions of the Apennines may coincide with inherited structures. A circumstance that may be a common occurrence in this region of the chain, where the inception of extension is as recent as Middle-Upper Pleistocene.
    Beschreibung: This work was supported by INGV R.U. 0865.050, P.I. U. Fracassi, of Project MIUR-FISR 2016 “Centro di studio e monitoraggio dei rischi naturali dell'Italia centrale”, and by “Finanziamenti di Ateneo per Progetti Scientifici” - FRA 2015, P.I. L. Bonini. Petroleum Expert Ltd is acknowledged for making available the Move software to the to the University of Trieste.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 990-1017
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 2016 central Italy earthquake sequence ; geodetic inversion ; geological modeling ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 99
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    Gravitational collapse of Mount Etna's southeastern flank (2019)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-02-25
    Beschreibung: The southeastern flank of Etna volcano slides into the Ionian Sea at rates of centimeters per year. The prevailing understanding is that pressurization of the magmatic system, and not gravitational forces, controls flank movement, although this has also been proposed. So far, it has not been possible to separate between these processes, because no data on offshore deformation were available until we conducted the first long-term seafloor displacement monitoring campaign from April 2016 until July 2017. Unprecedented seafloor geodetic data reveal a 〉4-cm slip along the offshore extension of a fault related to flank kinematics during one 8-day-long event in May 2017, while displacement on land peaked at ~4 cm at the coast. As deformation increases away from the magmatic system, the bulk of Mount Etna's present continuous deformation must be driven by gravity while being further destabilized by magma dynamics. We cannot exclude flank movement to evolve into catastrophic collapse, implying that Etna's flank movement poses a much greater hazard than previously thought. The hazard of flank collapse might be underestimated at other coastal and ocean island volcanoes, where the dynamics of submerged flanks are unknown.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: eaat9700
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): seafloor geodesy ; ground deformation ; volcano-tectonics ; fault ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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    IPSI 1.2 database of the Italian Present-day Stress Indicators (2019)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-03-27
    Beschreibung: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Schlagwort(e): present-day stress ; borehole breakout ; earthquake focal mechanism ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: web product
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