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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Fifty years of the Wilson Cycle Concept in plate tectonics (2019)
    London : The Geological Society
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    Call number: 9/M 07.0421(470)
    In: Geological Society Special Publication
    Description / Table of Contents: Fifty years ago, Tuzo Wilson published his paper asking ‘Did the Atlantic close and then re-open?’. This led to the ‘Wilson Cycle’ concept in which the repeated opening and closing of ocean basins along old orogenic belts is a key process in the assembly and breakup of supercontinents. The Wilson Cycle underlies much of what we know about the geological evolution of the Earth and its lithosphere, and will no doubt continue to be developed as we gain more understanding of the physical processes that control mantle convection, plate tectonics, and as more data become available from currently less accessible regions. This volume includes both thematic and review papers covering various aspects of the Wilson Cycle concept. Thematic sections include: (1) the Classic Wilson v. Supercontinent Cycles, (2) Mantle Dynamics in the Wilson Cycle, (3) Tectonic Inheritance in the Lithosphere, (4) Revisiting Tuzo's question on the Atlantic, (5) Opening and Closing of Oceans, and (6) Cratonic Basins and their place in the Wilson Cycle.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: vi, 490 Seiten , Illustrationen, 1 Karte
    ISBN: 978-1-78620-383-0
    Series Statement: Geological Society Special Publication 470
    URL: https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/470/1
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Flow processes in faults and shear zones (2004)
    London : The Geological Society
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    Call number: 9/M 04.0603
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VI, 379 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt , 26 cm
    ISBN: 186239153X
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 224
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/vol224/issue1/
    Classification:
    Tectonics
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  • 3
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    Monograph available for loan
    Vertical coupling and decoupling in the lithosphere (2004)
    London : The Geological Society
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    Call number: 9/M 04.0601
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: ... developed out of two symposia: "Deformation at convergent margins", convened at the European Union of Geosciences meeting (EUG XI) at Strasbourg in April 2001; and "Vertical coupling and decoupling at convergent margins", convened at the AGU Fall meeting in San Francisco in December 2001. - Six sections: The first analyses the extent to which mantle flow controls deformation of the overlying layers. The Vertical axis block rotations section uses geological and palaeomagnetic data to constrain the role and magnitude of basal shear across mid-crustal attachment zones. The Lower crustal flow and topography section addresses the time-dependent development of orogenic plateaux and their role in the orogenic cycle. Multiple examples of the spatial and temporal development of lithospheric coupling are given in both the Orogenic examples and Subduction examples sections. Finally, rheological constraints of vertical coupling in the lithosphere are investigated.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 344 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 1862391599
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 227
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/vol227/issue1/
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  • 4
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    Monograph available for loan
    Fractures, fluid flow and mineralization (1999)
    London : The Geological Society
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: 9/M 06.0513
    In: Geological Society special publication
    Description / Table of Contents: Faulting and fracturing play an important role in enhancing permeability, facilitating flow and controlling hydrothermal mineralization in rocks. This is the main theme of this volume and the papers included are intended to provide an overview of current ideas at the interfaces of structural geology, fluid flow and mineralization research. Included are speculative, but provocative ideas that should stimulate a re-examination of existing concepts regarding fluid flow in fractures systems and the formation of hydrothermal mineral deposits. Also highlighted are recent advances showing the significance of the development of fracture connectivity in focusing fluid flow. The collection concludes with a thermatic set of papaers presenting new research results on the genesis of the world-famous Carboniferous base metal deposits of Ireland. The volume is intended for geoscientists studying the floe of fluids through fault, vien and fracture systems or the genesis of mineral deposits and will be of interest principally to those involved in the minerals industry and in academia.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VIII, 328 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: Geological Society special publication 155
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/155/1
    Classification:
    Tectonics
    Note: K. J. W. McCaffrey: Dave Johnston: an appreciation and bibliography / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.01 --- Lidia Lonergan, Jamie Wilkinson, and Ken McCaffrey: Fractures, fluid flow and mineralization: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:1-6, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.02 --- Fracture Populations --- S. Roberts, D. J. Sanderson, and P. Gumiel: Fractal analysis and percolation properties of veins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:7-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.03 --- Julia F. W. Stowell, Adrian P. Watson, and Neil F. C. Hudson: Geometry and population systematics of a quartz vein set, Holy Island, Anglesey, North Wales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:17-33, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.04 --- P. A. Gillespie, J. D. Johnston, M. A. Loriga, K. J. W. McCaffrey, J. J. Walsh, and J. Watterson: Influence of layering on vein systematics in line samples / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:35-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.05 --- Maria Antonietta Loriga: Scaling systematics of vein size: an example from the Guanajuato mining district (Central Mexico) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:57-67, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.06 --- Fluid Flow and Fracture Systems --- David J. Sanderson and Xing Zhang: Critical stress localization of flow associated with deformation of well-fractured rock masses, with implications for mineral deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:69-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.07 --- Mark A. Jones, Alec B. Pringle, Iain M. Fulton, and Shane O’Neill: Discrete fracture network modelling applied to groundwater resource exploitation in southwest Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:83-103, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.08 --- Peter Connolly and John Cosgrove: Prediction of static and dynamic fluid pathways within and around dilational jogs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:105-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.09 --- Structural Controls on Mineralization --- Stephen F. Cox: Deformational controls on the dynamics of fluid flow in mesothermal gold systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:123-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.10 --- Tom G. Blenkinsop and David J. Sanderson: Are gold deposits in the crust fractals? A study of gold mines in the Zimbabwe craton / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:141-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.11 --- S. J. Jolley, I. H. C. Henderson, A. C. Barnicoat, and N. P. C. Fox: Thrust-fracture network and hydrothermal gold mineralization: Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:153-165, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.12 --- Piergiorgio Rossetti and Fabrizio Colombo: Adularia-sericite gold deposits of Marmato (Caldas, Colombia): field and petrographical data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:167-182, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.13 --- Yannick Branquet, Alain Cheilletz, Gaston Giuliani, Bernard Laumonier, and Oscar Blanco: Fluidized hydrothermal breccia in dilatant faults during thrusting: the Colombian emerald deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:183-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.14 --- M. A. N. Brown, R. J. H. Jolly, W. Stone, and M. P. Coward: Nickel ore troughs in Archaean volcanic rocks, Kambalda, Western Australia: indicators of early extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:197-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.15 --- I. R. Colke, J. Craig, and D. J. Blundell: Structural controls on the hydrocarbon and mineral deposits within the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:213-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.16 --- Irish Zn/Pb Deposits: Structure and Fluid Flow --- Murray W. Hitzman: Extensional faults that localize Irish syndiagenetic Zn-Pb Deposits and their reactivation during Variscan compression / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:233-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.17 --- C. E. Everett, J. J. Wilkinson, and D. M. Rye: Fracture-controlled fluid flow in the Lower Palaeozoic basement rocks of Ireland: implications for the genesis of Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:247-276, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.18 --- Helen Lewis and Gary D. Couples: Carboniferous basin evolution of central Ireland — simulation of structural controls on mineralization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:277-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.19 --- G. D. Sevastopulo and P. Redmond: Age of mineralization of carbonate-hosted, base metal deposits in the Rathdowney Trend, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:303-311, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.20 --- B. M. O’Reilly, P. W. Readman, and T. Murphy: Gravity lineaments and Carboniferous-hosted base metal deposits of the Irish Midlands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:313-321, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.21
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  • 5
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    Surface faulting earthquake clustering controlled by fault and shear-zone interactions (2022)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-22
    Description: Surface faulting earthquakes are known to cluster in time from historical and palaeoseismic studies, but the mechanism(s) responsible for clustering, such as fault interaction, strain-storage, and evolving dynamic topography, are poorly quantified, and hence not well understood. We present a quantified replication of observed earthquake clustering in central Italy. Six active normal faults are studied using 36Cl cosmogenic dating, revealing out-of-phase periods of high or low surface slip-rate on neighboring structures that we interpret as earthquake clusters and anticlusters. Our calculations link stress transfer caused by slip averaged over clusters and anti-clusters on coupled fault/shear-zone structures to viscous flow laws. We show that (1) differential stress fluctuates during fault/shear-zone interactions, and (2) these fluctuations are of sufficient magnitude to produce changes in strain-rate on viscous shear zones that explain slip-rate changes on their overlying brittle faults. These results suggest that fault/shear-zone interactions are a plausible explanation for clustering, opening the path towards process-led seismic hazard assessments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7126
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Crustal Deformation ; Active Faults ; Earthquake clustering ; 36-Chlorine ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Spatial migration of temporal earthquake clusters driven by the transfer of differential stress between neighbouring fault/shear-zone structures (2024)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Uncertainty concerning the processes responsible for slip-rate fluctuations associated with temporal clustering of surface faulting earthquakes is a fundamental, unresolved issue in tectonics, because strain-rates accommodated by fault/shear-zone structures are the key to understanding the viscosity structure of the crust and seismic hazard. We constrain the timing and amplitude of slip-rate fluctuations that occurred on three active normal faults in central Italy over a time period of 20–30 kyrs, using in situ 36Cl cosmogenic dating of fault planes. We identify five periods of rapid slip on individual faults lasting a few millennia, separated time periods of up to 10 millennia with low or zero slip-rate. The rapid slip pulses migrated across the strike between the faults in two waves from SW to NE. We replicate this migration with a model where rapid slip induces changes in differential stress that drive changes in strain-rate on viscous shear zones that drive slip-rate variability on overlying brittle faults. Earthquakes increase the differential stress and strain-rate on underlying shear zones, which in turn accumulate strain, re-loading stress onto the overlying brittle fault. This positive feedback produces high strain-rate episodes containing several large magnitude surface faulting earthquakes (earthquake clusters), but also reduce the differential stress on the viscous portions of neighbouring fault/shear-zones slowing the occurrence of large-magnitude surface faulting earthquakes (earthquake anticlusters). Shear-zones on faults experiencing anticlusters continue to accumulate viscous strain at a lowered rate, and eventually this loads the overlying brittle fault to failure, initiating a period of rapid slip through the positive feedback process described above, and inducing lowered strain-rates onto neighbouring fault/shear-zones. We show that these patterns of differential stress change can replicate the measured earthquake clustering implied by the 36Cl data. The stress changes are related to the fault geometry in terms of distance and azimuth from the slipping structure, implying that (a) strain-rate and viscosity fluctuations for studies of continental rheology, and (b) slip-rates for seismic hazard purposes are to an extent predictable given knowledge of the fault system geometry.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105096
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active Faults ; Central Apennines ; Fault interaction
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Calibration and validation of reservoir models: the importance of high resolution, quantitative outcrop analogues (2008)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 309: 87-98.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-16
    Description: Rapidly developing methods of digital acquisition, visualization and analysis allow highly detailed outcrop models to be constructed, and used as analogues to provide quantitative information about sedimentological and structural architectures from reservoir to subseismic scales of observation. Terrestrial laser-scanning (lidar) and high precision Real-Time Kinematic GPS are key survey technologies for data acquisition. 3D visualization facilities are used when analysing the outcrop data. Analysis of laser-scan data involves picking of the point-cloud to derive interpolated stratigraphic and structural surfaces. The resultant data can be used as input for object-based models, or can be cellularized and upscaled for use in grid-based reservoir modelling. Outcrop data can also be used to calibrate numerical models of geological processes such as the development and growth of folds, and the initiation and propagation of fractures.
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  • 8
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    Digital field data acquisition: towards increased quantification of uncertainty during geological mapping (2007)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 239: 43-56.
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    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: Traditional methods of geological mapping were developed within the inherent constraints imposed by paper-based publishing. These methods are still dominant in the earth sciences, despite recent advances in digital technology in a range of fields, including globalpositioning systems, geographical information systems (GIS), 3-D computer visualization, portable computer devices, knowledge engineering and artificial intelligence. Digital geological mapping has the potential to overcome some serious limitations of paper-based maps. Although geological maps are usually highly interpretive, traditional maps show little of the raw field data collected or the reasoning used during interpretation. In geological mapping, interpretation typically relies on the prior experience and prior knowledge of the mapper, but this input is rarely published explicitly with the final printed map. Digital mapping techniques open up new possibilities for publishing maps digitally in a GIS format, together with spatially referenced raw field data, field photographs, explanation of the interpretation process and background information relevant to the map area. Having field data in a digital form allows the use of interpolation methods based on fuzzy logic to quantify some types of uncertainty associated with subsurface interpretation, and the use of this uncertainty to evaluate the validity of competing interpretations.
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  • 9
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    Vertical coupling and decoupling in the lithosphere (2007)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 227: 1-7.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: Continental tectonics, and the formation of mountain belts, do not adhere to the plate tectonic paradigm (Molnar 1988). Mountain belts at plate boundaries are areas of diffuse deformation in which geologists have recognized that not only are the plates not rigid (Gordon 1998), but parts of the lithosphere (e.g. upper crust) are moving laterally with respect to other parts (e.g. lower crust), such as in thrust belts (Bally et al. 1966). An exciting development in tectonics is the detailed investigation of the behaviour of continental crust during orogenesis. In particular, the role of coupling (attachment) or decoupling (detachment) of the lithospheric layers during continental deformation has significant implications for all aspects of modern and ancient tectonics. The recognition of regional detachments or decollements, an idea developed in foreland fold and thrust belts, was the first major contribution to our understanding of the vertical stratification in orogenic belts. Elucidation of the structure of foreland fold and thrust belts in the external parts of orogens by the development of the techniques of balanced cross-section construction (Price 1981, 1986) and deep seismic reflection profiling (e.g. Mueller et al. 1980) showed that foreland thrust systems are typically think-skinned and bounded at depth by a basal detachment, decollement or sole thrust. Shortening in the external parts of cordilleran and collisional orogens was taken up by folding and thrusting above a basement which remained essentially undeformed and part of the foreland (e.g. Bally et al. 1966). Balanced cross-section techniques were developed and refined in the Alberta ... This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract.
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  • 10
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    Quantification of fold curvature and fracturing using terrestrial laser scanning (2011)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-01
    Description: Terrestrial laser scanning is used to capture the geometry of three single folded bedding surfaces. The resulting light detection and ranging (LIDAR) point clouds are filtered and smoothed to enable meshing and calculation of principal curvatures. Fracture traces, picked from the LIDAR data, are used to calculate fracture densities. The rich data sets produced by this method provide statistically robust estimates of spatial variations in fracture density across the fold surface. The digital nature of the data also allows resampling to derive fracture parameters that are more traditionally measured manually from outcrops (e.g., one-dimensional line transects of fracture spacing). The fracture statistics derived from the LIDAR data are compared with the calculated principal and Gaussian curvatures of the surface to assess whether areas of extreme curvature correlate with high-fracture density. For the folds studied, all the fracture spacing distributions showed an exponential distribution, and no significant correlation between fracture density and surface curvature was observed. This questions the validity of using curvature as a proxy for high brittle strains and highlights the need for a complete understanding of fold and fracture mechanics that include considerations of other factors including lithology, strain rate, and confining pressure, not just finite strain. The three case studies also illustrate how terrestrial laser scanning can be used to gather detailed quantitative data sets on fracture and fold distributions from outcrop analogs.
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 0149-1423
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
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