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  • 1
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    Asynchronous changes of CO2, H2, and He concentrations in soil gases: A theoretical model and experimental results (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Print ISSN: 2169-9313
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9356
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 2
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    Temporal and spatial correlations between soil CO2 flux and crustal stress (2016)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-01
    Print ISSN: 2169-9313
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9356
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 3
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    Relationship between soil CO2 flux and tectonic structures in SW Sicily (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-09
    Description: The identification and characterization of seismogenic structures in southwestern Sicily is an open debate both for the geological-structural complexity of this sector and the scarce seismicity as well. In addition, clear morphological evidence of tectonic structures is limited. Besides the geophysical methods, the study of the spatial distribution of soil CO2 flux is a valid methodology to investigate the position and geometry of buried active faults. Indeed, active tectonic structures are channels with high permeability through which deep fluids can migrate toward the atmosphere. Therefore, the alignment of high degassing areas can reveal the presence of preferential ways of rising fluids (i.e. faults). We applied this methodology in SW Sicily in the surrounding of the area hit by the 1968 seismic sequence and in three other areas where evidence of active deformation has been recognized. Furthermore, to investigate the origin of emitted fluids, we measured the carbon isotopic composition of the soil CO2 in some high emission sites. The results showed high spatial variability of soil CO2 fluxes with values ranging from 1 to 430 g m−2d−1. The areal patterns of soil CO2 fluxes in all the areas reveal a strong influence of the main tectonic structures and active deformations on soil CO2 emissions. The range of isotopic data and the distribution of soil CO2 fluxes suggest a supply of deep fluids through the active tectonic structures.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE104
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Soil CO2 flux ; Diffusive degassing structures (DDS) ; Active tectonic structures ; Belice Valley ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    A multi-instrumental geochemical approach to assess the environmental impact of CO2-rich gas emissions in a densely populated area: the case of Cava dei Selci (Latium, Italy) (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: The Colli Albani volcanic complex (Lazio, Italy) hosts areas characterized by anomalously high emissions of CO2-rich gases (e.g. Tivoli, Cava dei Selci, Tor Caldara, Solforata). The source of these gases is a regional aquifer within the Mesozoic carbonate rock sequences. These degassing zones release significant concentrations of H2S and other toxic gases (e.g. GEM: Gaseous Elemental Mercury, and Rn) and represent a serious hazard for local inhabitants, especially for those living at Cava dei Selci (near Rome, Italy), where the emitting areas are nested inside residential neighborhoods. In April 2016, a comprehensive geochemical survey was carried out in an abandoned stone quarry nearby the urban settlement aimed to: (i) investigate the gas composition from both punctual discharges and anomalously high diffuse soil degassing sites, and (ii) evaluate their environmental impact on the local air quality. The spatial distribution of the soil CO2 fluxes was mainly dependent on the local geostructural setting, whereas shallow secondary processes (e.g. oxidation and gas-water interaction) likely represent the main controlling factor on reactive and/or water-soluble gas species, such as CH4 and H2S. The total output of CO2 from the abandoned stone quarry accounted for 0.53% of total CO2 discharged from the whole Colli Albani volcanic district. The naturally emitted toxic gases (e.g. CO2, H2S, CH4, GEM) largely affect the air quality and pose a serious threat for the health of the local residents. A mobile multi-instrumental station able to continuously and simultaneously acquire CO2, H2S, SO2, CH4, GEM and CO was deployed to verify the concentrations of both the main deep-originated gas compounds and potential secondary gaseous contaminants (i.e. SO2) around and inside the urban settlement most exposed to the lethal gases. Hydrogen sulfide was found to be the most impacting gas, occasionally exceeding the 24-h air quality guideline for ambient air and causing odor annoyance at a distance up to more than 250 m downwind from the emitting area. In poorly ventilated basements, toxic gas accumulations up to hazardous levels were measured, producing anomalous outdoor air concentrations at the street level in front of the descending vehicular access to private garages and relatively far from the main emitting area. The geochemical survey, carried out via mobile station and soil gas measurements, resulted to be particularly efficient for evaluating the potential effects caused by gas emissions in inhabited areas. The multi-measurement approach adopted in the present study is of paramount importance for managing future urban development plans.
    Description: Published
    Description: 109-126
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Deep CO2 release revealed by stable isotope and diffuse degassing surveys at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands) in 2015–2018 (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-06
    Description: The partitioning of carbon dioxide (CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) released by soils at Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy) was performed by combining the CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 flux and the carbon isotope measurements. Based on this method, the amount of CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 of volcanic origin was quantified six times during the period 2015–2018. The data analysis allowed us to establish the correlation between CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 soil degassing and changes in the contribution of volcanic fluids. Carbon isotope determinations were performed in situ to enhance the coverage of data collection in space and time. These data were combined with both the CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 contents in the ground gases and the soil CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 flux. The amount of volcanic CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 was distinguished from that of biogenic origin by implementing a three-component mixing model. The results of this study indicate that the increase in CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 output in September 2018 reflects the increase in volcanic gas emissions. The measurement method and analysis presented in this work are sufficiently general to be applicable to the monitoring programs of active volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106972
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide ; CO2 flux ; CO2 isotope composition ; Volcano monitoring ; Volcanic unrest ; Volcanic degassing ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    On the complexity of anthropogenic and geological sources of carbon dioxide: Onsite differentiation using isotope surveying (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) co-occur with emissions of these gases from volcanic and urban environments. Therefore, it remains a challenge for the scientific community to identify the contamination sources and quantify the specific contributions. Stable isotopes have many applications in different fields under geosciences, including volcanology, environmental surveying, and climatology. Isotopic surveys allow identification of photosynthetic fractionation in tree forests and gas sources in urban zones, and tracking of volcanic degassing. Thus, the stable isotopic composition of the local GHGs allows the evaluation of the environmental impacts and assists in mitigating the emissions. The present study aimed to distinguish the tropospheric sources of CO2 in the different ecosystems based on the stable isotopic composition of CO2. The study relies on field experiments performed in both volcanic and urban zones of the Mediterranean region. Experiments to identify the CO2 origins in the field were designed and conducted in the laboratory. The CO2 in the air in Palermo, the soil CO2 released at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy), and the CO2 emitted at Cava dei Selci (Rome, Italy) were selected for conducting case studies. Isotope surveying of the CO2-containing air in Palermo revealed that the CO2 content was correlated to human activity. Mobile-based measurements of carbon isotope were conducted to distinguish the different sources of CO2 at the district scale. In particular, the isotopic surveying process distinguished landfill-related CO2 emissions from the fossil fuel burning ones. The underlying geological reservoir was identified as the main source of air CO2 at Cava dei Selci. Finally, partitioning of soil CO2 enabled estimation of the geological CO2 estimation in the Vulcano Porto settled zones. The results of the present study revealed that detailed investigations on stable isotopes assist in tracking the CO2 sources and the fate of gas emissions. The fine-tuned experimental solutions assisted in broadening the research perspectives. In addition, deeper insights into the carbon cycle were obtained.
    Description: Published
    Description: 118446
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stable isotopes ; Carbon dioxide ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Volcanic gases ; Mediterranean region ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Continuous monitoring of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (2020)
    SGI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: The geochemistry of volcanic gases has been fruitfully applied to identify important changes in the volcanic activity. This study reviews the dataset of the volcanic gas survey performed during 2009 and 2010 at Stromboli (Aeolian Islands – Italy). Dry gas collection occurred discontinuously at the crater fumaroles for subsequent chemical and isotopic (δ〈sup〉13〈/sup〉C-CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉) analyses in the laboratory. A tailor-made device enabled continuous survey of H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 molar fraction and CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 flux on the same site. Evaluation of the raw data was performed in accordance with air temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and wind direction dataset. Both MLR (Multiple Linear Regression) and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analyses allowed filtering the dataset from the environmental effects. The MLR analysis indicated that wind speed and air temperature affected the CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 flux. Changes in the atmospheric pressure promoted pumping effect of the fumarole gas and caused changes in the H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 molar fraction. The power spectral analysis revealed daily cycles in both gases. A digital signal filtering procedure enabled minimizing the environmental effects. This study confirmed that gas emissions from the crater fumaroles have both chemical ad isotopic composition similar to the magmatic gas phase. The results of the continuous survey showed that changes of both H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 correlated with changes of the volcanic activity. Therefore, H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and CO2 resulted effective tracers of the dynamics involving the plumbing system of Stromboli. Identification of changes in the gas emissions at open conduit volcanoes offers a great advance over the ground gas survey. The results of the continuous survey at Stromboli showed that H〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 could apply as an auxiliary parameter of the CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 flux in the surveillance programs of active volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 79-94
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Hydrogen monitoring ; Volcano Monitoring ; Carbon dioxide ; Gas geochemistry ; Reducing capacity ; Oxygen fugacity ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.01. Earth Interior ; 03.01. General
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Dissolved Carbon in Groundwater versus Gas Emissions from the Soil: The Two Sides of the Same Coin (2017)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-13
    Description: This study focuses on the interaction among deep volcanic/hydrothermal gases, groundwater and soil gases at Vulcano Island (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy). The chemical-physical parameters of the groundwater, the total dissolved inorganic carbon (TDIC) and the isotopic composition of the CO2 dissolved in groundwater are reported and discussed. Furthermore, a comparison between soil gases and groundwater indicates that groundwater and soil gases show the same qualitative information, giving a good overall picture of the main degassing zones of a volcanic system, whereas the soil gas discharge provides an evaluation of the mass released by the deep feeding system. This approach can be a useful tool both to characterize mixing and/or interaction processes among different sources and for a monitoring of degassing activity of a volcanic system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 116-119
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 4V. Dinamica dei processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Soil CO2 flux ; Dissolved gases ; Isotope composition of CO2 ; Groundwaters ; Vulcano Island ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    The monitoring of natural soil CO2 emissions: Issues and perspectives (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-11
    Description: Natural soil CO2 emissions constitute a substantial portion of the carbon emitted in the atmosphere, particularly in volcano-tectonic areas where deep CO2 supply is also present because of the Earth's degassing. Hence, these emissions are considered of fundamental importance in the study of global CO2 budget estimates. Furthermore, in recent years, soil CO2 emissions have played an important role in the realm of seismic and volcanic studies as well as in the mitigation of gas-hazard-related risks. Although many methods are available for monitoring soil CO2 emissions, the comprehension and use of monitoring data can be challenging. This is because soil CO2 emissions are influenced by numerous processes and as consequence exhibit high spatio-temporal variability. In this framework, understanding the processes behind the variability of soil CO2 emissions is instrumental in improving their investigations. In addition, more suitable management of the monitoring data series is another crucial aspect of soil CO2 emission studies. In this study, we provide a detailed description of the processes that affect soil CO2 emissions and outline their impacts as functions of different features of the measurement sites. In particular, we examine the processes driven by both exogenous and endogenous factors and explain the origin of the observed variations. This study is based on the data acquired via eight monitoring stations on the island of Vulcano (Italy) from 2009 to 2017. The monitoring sites exhibited different features and covered a wide range of the soil CO2 emission values, thereby allowing a broad application of the obtained results.
    Description: Published
    Description: 102928
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Soil CO2 emission ; Volcano Monitoring ; Global Warming ; Vulcano Island ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 04. Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    On-field measurements of CO2 isotope composition of diffuse degassing from soils in volcanic areas: Delta-ray setup for direct measurements in the 0-100% vol. range. (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-01
    Description: Volcanoes release carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and have been targeted as potential contributors to the global warming. Despite the evidences lay against these conjectures, the accurate estimation of the release of CO2 of volcanic origin in the atmosphere is currently unavailable because both not all the volcanoes of the world are satisfactorily monitored, and the estimations available for monitored volcanoes are often discordant. At the same time, the available estimate for the monitored volcanoes can be different according to the state of activity of the volcano.Multiple sources can be effective in the release of CO2 in volcanic zones as demonstrated by the isotopic fingerprinting of CO2. Better estimates of the amount of carbon dioxide released by different sources represent one means of improving the accuracy of the estimation of the CO2 budget in environmental systems and reducing the knowledge gaps related to the effects of the carbon cycle in the Earth-climate system. The coupled approach of carbon isotope and CO2 flux measurements allows the precise identification of different sources, and enables the evaluation of the mass contribution of each source to the carbon dioxide emissions. From a volcanological perspective, it is well known that the amount of CO2 released by soils before and during periods of unrest increases appreciably, similar to the amount of carbon dioxide released from the craters of the volcanoes. This study focuses on the application of a DeltaRayTM from Thermo Scientific, and reports the development of an innovative method for directly determining in the field the isotope composition of carbon dioxide discharged by soils at concentrations from atmospheric to 100 vol %. To settle the DeltaRayTM to the determination of the isotope composition of soil gases, a sampling method has been designed to analyse the isotope composition of the CO2 in a gas sample of unknown CO2 concentration, reduce the measurement operation time without loss of accuracy, and measure the isotope composition of the CO2 without changing the instrument configuration. The results of the first application on Vulcano (Aeolian Islands) are reported in order to evaluate the amount of hydrothermal CO2 discharged by soils. The amount of hydrothermal CO2 released by soils is not negligible because of the specific extent of the degassing surface. For the first time, the budget of the CO2 of hydrothermal origin discharged by soils on Vulcano was computed separately from the contribution of the biogenic source, and the data indicate a degassing area that is wider than that previously reported in the literature. Furthermore, the synchronous and extensive investigation of both the spatial distribution of the carbon isotope composition of CO2 and the CO2 flux provides a better assessment of the amount of CO2 of deep origin. Monitoring of this type of CO2 represents a step forward in the evaluation of the volcanic hazard.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Keywords: CO2 Isotopes ; CO2 flux from soils
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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