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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Ocean acidification caused by shifts in ocean carbonate chemistry resulting from increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations is threatening many calcifying organisms, including corals. Here we assessed autotrophy vs heterotrophy shifts in the Mediterranean zooxanthellate scleractinian coral Balanophyllia europaea acclimatized to low pH/high pCO2 conditions at a CO2 vent off Panarea Island (Italy). Dinoflagellate endosymbiont densities were higher at lowest pH Sites where changes in the distribution of distinct haplotypes of a host-specific symbiont species, Philozoon balanophyllum, were observed. An increase in symbiont C/N ratios was observed at low pH, likely as a result of increased C fixation by higher symbiont cell densities. δ13C values of the symbionts and host tissue reached similar values at the lowest pH Site, suggesting an increased influence of autotrophy with increasing acidification. Host tissue δ15N values of 0‰ strongly suggest that diazotroph N2 fixation is occurring within the coral tissue/mucus at the low pH Sites, likely explaining the decrease in host tissue C/N ratios with acidification. Overall, our findings show an acclimatization of this coral-dinoflagellate mutualism through trophic adjustment and symbiont haplotype differences with increasing acidification, highlighting that some corals are capable of acclimatizing to ocean acidification predicted under end-of-century scenarios.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Aragonite saturation state; Balanophyllia europaea; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Category; Chlorophyll a; Chlorophyll a per cell; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Effective quantum yield; Entire community; Field observation; Fluorescence, maximum; Fluorescence, minimum; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Mediterranean Sea; Nitrogen; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other studied parameter or process; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Rocky-shore community; Salinity; Site; Symbiont cell density; Temperate; Temperature, water; Time point, descriptive; Type; δ13C; δ15N
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 10150 data points
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0304-4211
    Keywords: Chloroplastic protein synthesis ; Erythromycin ; Mitochondrial protein synthesis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0168-9452
    Keywords: Asparagus officinalis ; dioecy ; sex
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0168-9452
    Keywords: Gerbera jamesonii ; glutamate dehydrogenase induction ; heat shock proteins ; starvation-related proteins ; translational/transcriptional regulation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. In callus cultures of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was repressed by glucose, whereas, on the contrary, carbon and energy source deprivation induced a remarkable increase in specific activity. Definition of these two opposite types of response was made possible by the use of glycerol as a non-repressing carbon source: in this condition, glutamate dehydrogenase activity reached an intermediate level, which was similar to the derepressed values of activity obtainable when cultures were allowed to exhaust the glucose supply in the medium. Isoelectric focusing analysis revealed the existence of three different isoenzymatic patterns which could be correlated to the three different levels of specific activity: repressed (glucose), induced (carbon starvation) and intermediate (glycerol). Repression affected mainly the four more cathodic bands which were predominant in non-repressed conditions. The possible catabolic role of these isoenzymes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 613-618 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Asparagus officinalis ; Isoenzymes ; Marker genes ; Sex-linked inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Extracts from phylloclads of Asparagus officinails were electrophoretically analyzed for isozyme polymorphism. Fourteen enzyme systems were examined using four buffer systems: seven enzymes (acid phosphatase, catalase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, peroxidase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) exhibited clear and consistent banding patterns. Isozyme polymorphism was studied in seven pairs of male and female doubled haploids and in their male F1s. Segregation of polymorphic loci was examined in the backcross progenies and was found to be consistent with a simple Mendelian inheritance in all cases, except for three anodical peroxidases, where two factors have been hypothesized. No linkage could be found between isozyme markers that were segregating in the same cross, but association was demonstrated between one malate dehydrogenase locus and the sex determining genes. The availability of isozyme markers may be useful in breeding and, in particular, the localization of one malate dehydrogenase locus on the sex chromosomes may be helpful in mapping the sex genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Asparagus officinalis L ; Genetic map RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A preliminary genetic map of the dioecious species Asparagus officinalis L. (2n = 20) has been constructed on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and isozyme marker data. With DNA samples digested with either EcoRI or HindIII 61 out of 148 probes (41%) identified RFLPs in six families of doubled haploid lines obtained through anther culture. A higher level of polymorphism (65%) was observed when a single family was screened for RFLPs using six distinct restriction enzymes. Segregation analysis of the BC progenies (40–80 individuals) resulted in a 418-cM extended map comprising 43 markers: 39 RFLPs, three isozymes and one morphological (sex). These markers are clustered in 12 linkage groups and four of them exhibited significant deviations from the expected 1∶1 ratio. One isozyme and three RFLP markers were assigned to the sex chromosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Asparagus ; Dioecious species ; Genetic map ; Molecular markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  An integrated genetic map of the dioecious species Asparagus officinalis L. has been constructed on the basis of RFLP, RAPD, AFLP and isoenzyme markers. The segregation analysis of the polymorphic markers was carried out on the progeny of five different crosses between male and female doubled-haploid clones generated by anther culture. A total of 274 markers have been organized to ten linkage groups spanning 721.4 cM. Since the haploid chromosome number of asparagus is ten, the established linkage groups probably represent the different chromosomes; however, the only group associated with a specific chromosome is the one which includes sex, whose determinant genes have been located on chromosome 5. A total of 33 molecular markers (13 RFLPs, 18 AFLPs, 2 RAPDs and 1 isoenzyme) have been located on this chromosome. The closest marker to the sex determinant is the AFLP SV marker at 3.2 cM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 177 (1980), S. 589-595 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The Erythromycin induced mutability of the cytoplasmic factor rho in S. cerevisiae does not depend only on the participation of its mitochondrial target (formally a mitochondrial protein synthesis component) to the replication of the mitochondrial DNA. The relative increase from the spontaneous background in the percentage of RD mutants accumulated in the presence of the drug is the same in mmc and MMC strains whereas the total number of RD mutants accumulated is about tenfold higher in mmc strains. Mutations at the mitochondrial locus that controls the sensitivity to Erythromycin reduce both the Erythromycin induced and the spontaneous mutability of rho in mmc strains indicating that the gene products of nuclear (MMC) and mitochondrial (ERYs) determinants interact in determining the fidelity of a “replicative complex” for the mitochondrial DNA. The fact that ERYR allelesaare able to suppress the pet-ts associated mutability of rho but not the RD conditional trait of these mutants makes evident that the pet-ts gene-products have an additional role beside the enzymatic or the biosynthetic ones. Since the pet-ts genes are not directly involved in the metabolism of mitochondrial DNA we hypothesize that they provide for some structures that contribute to ensure the proper conformation of a “replicative complex” for mitochondrial DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: This paper presents the results of an extensive chemical and isotopic investigation on natural thermal and cold fluids (spring waters and associated gases) discharging throughout the main geological domains of Morocco. The chemical features of the thermal springs are mainly dependent on rock dissolution involving Triassic evaporite formations, producing either Na-Cl or Ca-SO4 composition, although mixing with shallower connate high-saline waters in Neogene post-orogenic sedimentary layers cannot be ruled out. Only in the Moroccan Meseta and Anti-Atlas domains have spring discharges probably undergone equilibration as a result of water-rock interaction in granites. Of the chemical and isotopic features of the gas seeps, 3He/4He ratios and {delta}13C-CO2 values indicate the occurrence of a significant contribution of mantle-derived gas, especially at Oulmes (Moroccan Meseta) and Tinejdad-Erfoud (Anti-Atlas), where associated waters are found to equilibrate at relatively high temperatures (c. 130 {degrees}C). These areas are also characterized by the presence of Pliocene to Quaternary basaltic volcanic rocks. Thermal discharges located along the Rif front and related to the NE-SW-oriented main strike-slip faults are associated with a CH4- and/or N2-rich gas phase, derived respectively from a crustal or an atmospheric source. Some of them have significant contents of 3He that could indicate the rising of mantle fluids. Such a striking isotopic signature, which is not related to any recent volcanism visible at surface, is likely to be associated with cooling magma at depth related to transpressive fault systems. Similarly, in the northeastern area, the small, although significant, enrichment of 3He in the gas discharges seeping out along the Nekor seismic active fault and related to Pliocene-Quaternary basalts also suggests a deep-seated (magmatic) contribution. The distribution of thermal discharges is strongly related to the main active tectonic structures of Morocco. Moreover, this study indicates the presence of deep active tectonic structures in areas until now considered as stable. In particular, the NE-SW-trending Nekor fault may be part of a major system that extends to the Moroccan Meseta and into the Smaala-Oulmes fault system, thus emerging as a deep structure with crustal significance.
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