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  • Kinetics  (169)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (136)
  • Springer  (33)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1980-1984  (169)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1925-1929
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (136)
  • Springer  (33)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 641-642 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Nucleation ; Water ; Emulsion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
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    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 677-682 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Kinetics ; methacrylamide ; reaction scheme ; viscosity ; additives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The aqueous polymerization of methacrylamide initiated by potassiumpersulfate-L-cystein hydrochloride redox system has been studied at 35±0.01
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Acetanilide ; Bromination ; Kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the bromination of acetanilide has been studied with the diffusion layer titration method. The results have been obtained using the apparatus which consists of the ring-disc electrode and an amperostat-potentiostat system. Dependence of the ring current on the disc current has been determined as a function of rotation speeds of the electrode, of the solution concentration and temperature. It has been shown the bromination reaction of acetanilide exhibits by first order kinetics. In that case Br2 and Br3 − are the brominating species. The rate of bromination changes with the concentration of the Br− ions. This reaction rate depends on reactions of molecular bromine with acetanilide. For 0.033〈[Br−]〈0.173M the rate constant changes in the following range: $$17530M^{ - 1} s^{ - 1}〈 k〈 6400M^{ - 1} s^{ - 1} ([H + ] = 1,34;T = 298K)$$
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Mechanism ; Mononitrosopiperazine ; N-Nitrosation ; Piperazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Mechanismus der Bildung vonN-Nitroso-Verbindungen, die als potentielle carcinogene Substanzen gelten, wurde untersucht. Die Kinetik der Nitrosierung von Piperazin (PIP) in wäßriger Perchlorsäurelösung wurde mittels einer differentiellen spektrophotometrischen Methode verfolgt. Es ergab sich für denpH-Bereich 0,85–4,36 folgendes Zeitgesetz: $$v_0 = \left[ {nitrite} \right]_0 2 \left[ {PIP} \right]_0 /\left( {1 + f/\left[ {H^ + } \right]} \right)^2 \left( {g \left[ {PIP} \right]_0 + h + j\left[ {H^ \div } \right]} \right)$$ wobei [Nitrit]0 und [PIP]0 die anfänglichen stöchiometrischen Konzentrationen bedeuten. Bei 298,2 K und μ=1,0M,f=(1,17±0,11) 10−3 M,g=(3,5±0,7)·10−2 M s,h=2,6·10−6 M 2 s andj=(0,95±0,04)M s. Bei Erhöhung der Acidität ([HClO4]≥1M) tritt ein neuer kinetischer Term auf: $$v_0 ' = p\left[ {Nitrit} \right]_0 \left[ {PIP} \right]_0 $$ Bei 298,2 K und μ=3,0M,p=(1,9±0,2) 10−3 M −1 s−1. Es wird ein genereller Mechanismus für die Nitrosierung jedesN-nitrosierbaren Substrates in wäßriger Perchloratlösung vorgeschlagen, wobei als nitrosierende Agentien ausschließlich N2O3 und H2NO2 +/NO+ auftreten. Es werden die Besonderheiten dieses Mechanismus bezüglich derpK-Werte derN-nitrosierbaren Substrate diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The mechanism of formation ofN-nitroso compounds, which are considered as potential chemical carcinogens was studied. The kinetics of nitrosation of piperazine (PIP) in aqueous solution of perchloric acid have been investigated using a differential spectrophotometric technique. Based on our experimental results, the following rate law, in thepH-range 0.85 4.36, is proposed: $$v_0 = \left[ {nitrite} \right]_0 2 \left[ {PIP} \right]_0 /\left( {1 + f/\left[ {H^ + } \right]} \right)^2 \left( {g \left[ {PIP} \right]_0 + h + j\left[ {H^ \div } \right]} \right)$$ where [nitrite]0 and [PIP]0 represent initial stoichiometric concentrations. At 298.2K and μ=1.0M,f=(1.17±0.11) 10−3 M,g=(3.5±0.7) 10−2 M s,h=2.6×10−6 M 2 s andj=(0.95±0.04)M s. When the acidity is increased ([HClO4]≥1M), a new kinetic term comes into play: $$v_0 ' = p\left[ {nitrite} \right]_0 \left[ {PIP} \right]_0 $$ At 298.2 K and μ=3.0M,p=(1.9±0.2) 10−3 M −1 s−1. A general mechanism for the nitrosation of anyN-nitrosable substrate in aqueous perchloric solution in which the only nitrosating agents are N2O3 and H2NO2 +/NO+ is proposed. Also, the various particularities of this mechanism, according to thepK of theN-nitrosable substrate, are discussed.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Galactitol ; Kinetics ; Mechanism ; Oxidation ; Reduction ; Xylitol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Geschwindigkeitsgesetz der Titelreaktion ist in beiden Fällen erster Ordnung bezüglich Hexacyanoferrat(III). Die Oxidation ist erster Ordnung bei niedrigen Konzentrationen von Xylit und Galaktit und geht bei Erhöhung der Konzentration gegen null. In gleicher Weise wurde eine Kinetik erster Ordnung bezüglich Hydroxyl bei niedrigen Konzentrationen und eine erniedrigte Ordnung bei höheren Konzentrationen für die Oxidation von Xylit beobachtet; bei Galaktit bleibt die Oxidation auch bei höheren Hydroxyl-Konzentrationen erster Ordnung. Es wird angenommen, daß die Reaktion über einen aktivierten Komplex zwischen [KFe(CN)6]2− und dem Substrat-Anion verläuft; dieser Komplex zerfällt in [KFe(CN)6]3− und ein Substrat-Radikal. Ein möglicher Reaktionsmechanismus wird vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Abstract Kinetics of oxidation of xylitol and galactitol by hexacyanoferrate(III) ion in aqueous alkaline medium is reported. The reaction rate is of first order with respect to hexacyanoferrate(III) in each substrate. The reaction is first order at lower concentrations of xylitol and galactitol and tends towards zero order as the concentration increases. Similarly first order kinetics was obtained with respect to hydroxide ion at lower concentrations and tends to lower order at higher concentration in the oxidation of xylitol; in the oxidation of galactitol the reaction is first order with respect to hydroxide ion even up to manyfold variation. The course of reaction has been considered to proceed through the formation of an activated complex between [K Fe(CN)6]2− and substrate anion which decomposes slowly into radical and [K Fe(CN)6]3−. A probable reaction mechanism is proposed.
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  • 6
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 112 (1981), S. 287-292 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Activation energy ; Kinetics ; Methyl-vinyl ketone ; Polarography ; Polymerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The homogeneous polymerization of methyl-vinyl ketone in diluted methanol solutions in presence of proton donors is studied using the polarographic method. The effect of the cation of the indifferent electrolyte is investigated as well as the influence of small quantities of H2O. Suggestions were made about the possible mechanisms of these influences in the general scheme of the process proposed byHolleck et al.
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  • 7
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 113 (1982), S. 1087-1092 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Dissolution ; Kinetics ; Pyrrhotite ; Rotating disc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit von natürlichem monoklinen Pyrrhotin, FeS1.14, wurde in sauerstofffreien LösungenS([H+]=0.1, [Na+]=0.9, [ClO 4 − ]=1.0 mol kg−1) mit Hilfe der Methode der rotierenden Scheibe bestimmt. Im Temperaturbereich von 40–90° erfolgt die Auflösungsreaktion kinetisch kontrolliert, wobei eine Aktivierungsenergie von 14±1 kcal mol−1 (59±5 kJ mol−1) gefunden wurde.
    Notes: Abstract Using the rotating disc method, the rates of dissolution of natural monoclinic pyrrhotite, FeS1.14, in oxygen-free aqueous solutionsS([H+]=0.1, [Na+]=0.9, [ClO 4 − ]=1.0 mol kg−1) were determined. In the temperature range 40–90 °C the dissolution reaction occurs under kinetic control; the activation energy being 14±1 kcal mol−1 (50±5 kJ mol−1).
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  • 8
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 113 (1982), S. 1239-1244 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Allyl alcohol ; Kinetics ; Mechanism ; Oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Oxidation von Allylalkohol mitN-Bromsuccinimid (NBS) wurde bei 35 °C in wäßrigem Medium untersucht. Die Reaktion zeigt erste Ordnung gegenüberNBS und Allylalkohol. Bei relativ hoher Säurekonzentration zeigt sich keine Änderung der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit, bei niedriger Säurekonzentration wird die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit beträchtlich erhöht. Es wurde kein primärer Salzeffekt festgestellt. Bei varriierender Quecksilberacetatkonzentration bleibt die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit gleich, bei Abwesenheit von Quecksilberacetat wird jedoch die Geschwindigkeitskonstante erhöht. Die kinetischen Parameter,E a, derArrheniusfaktorA, ΔH ≠, ΔG ≠ und ΔS ≠ wurden bestimmt. Ein Geschwindigkeitsgesetz in Übereinstimmung mit den experimentellen Befunden wurde abgeleitet und ein Mechanismus vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of oxidation of allyl alcohol byN-bromosuccinimide (NBS) has been studied at 35 °C in aqueous medium. The reaction shows first order dependence on bothNBS and allyl alcohol. In fairly high acid concentration, there is no change in the rate of the reaction but at low acid concentration, the rate is considerably enhanced. There is no primary salt effect. At varying mercuric acetate concentrations, the rate constant remains the same. But in the absence of mercuric acetate, the rate is enhanced. The kinetic parameters,E a,Arrhenius factorA, ΔH≠, ΔG≠ and ΔS≠ have been calculated. A rate law in agreement with experimental results has been derived. A mechanism is proposed.
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  • 9
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 113 (1982), S. 887-893 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Diazotation ; Kinetics ; α-Naphthylamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Optimal diazotation conditions were determined by means of extinction measurements at various experimental conditions. The optimal conditions found arep H=9,5, the amount of phenol is 1 250 times the amount of α-naphthylamine.
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  • 10
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 114 (1983), S. 773-781 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Diastereomers ; 2,3-Dihydrobilatrienes-abc ; Kinetics ; Saturation-Transfer-Kinetics ; Phytochrome Models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract From kinetic and equilibrium measurements the activation and thermodynamic parameters of diastereomeric 2,3-dihydrobilatrienes-abc in positions “4” and “15” are deduced. Compared to bilatrienes-abc a pronounced thermal lability of these diastereomers is observed—the exocyclic double bond of the saturated lactam ring being the more labile one. This feature may be of relevance to the thermal cascades and dark reactions observed for phytochrome.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Iodine monochloride ; Kinetics ; Solvent effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Addition von ICl zu einigen Vinylverbindungen in Nitrobenzol als Lösungsmittel wurde untersucht. In allen Fällen ist die Reaktion von zweiter Ordnung hinsichtlich ICl und von erster Ordnung hinsichtlich des Substrats, d. h. mit einer Gesamtordnung von drei. Geschwindigkeitskonstanten wurden für jedes Substrat bei 20°, 30°, 40° und 50°C gemessen. AusArrhenius-Diagrammen wurden Aktivierungsenergien ermittelt und auch andere kinetische und thermodynamische Parameter wurden bestimmt. Ein Mechanismus wird vorgeschlagen, wobei die verschiedenen Parameter diskutiert werden. Lösungsmitteleffekte werden ebenfalls diskutiert und die Daten mit Nitrobenzol und Essigsäure als Lösungsmittel miteinander verglichen.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the addition of iodine monochloride (ICl) to some vinyl compounds in nitrobenzene solvent was investigated. In all cases the reaction follows second order dependence on ICl and first order on the substrate, making the total order three. Rate constants were measured for each substrate at 20°, 30°, 40° and 50°C.Arrhenius plots were made from which activation energies were evaluated. Other kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are reported. A suitable mechanism is proposed for the reaction and based on this, the various parameters are discussed. Solvent effects are discussed and the data with nitrobenzene and acetic acid solvents are compared.
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  • 12
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 115 (1984), S. 1185-1197 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Mono and polycarboxylic esters ; Metal salt catalysis ; Kinetics ; Chromatographic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The alcoholysis of various esters of aromatic carboxylic esters with octadecanol in the presence of lead stearate was investigated by chromatographic analysis of the reaction mixtures. The reactivity of the esters was found to be strongly affected by the substitution pattern of the aromatic nucleus as well as by the structure of the alkoxy group. Electron donating substituents in a suitable position lead to a remarkable increase in reactivity compared to the unsubstituted alkyl esters.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Negative salt effect ; Oxidation ; Stopped-flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of NaClO4, NaCl and Na2SO4 on the oxidation of Fe(phen) 3 2+ by Ce(IV) was investigated by means of the stopped-flow method. At the concentrations range of NaClO4 and NaCl 0.1–1.0M the rate constant values decrease from 1.03·105 to 0.56·105M−1s−1 and from 1.08·105 to 0.81·105M−1s−1 respectively. In varying concentrations of Na2SO4 solutions (0.05–0.35M) the rate constant values decrease from 1.05·105M−1s−1 to 0.45·105M−1s−1. Taking into account the negative salt effect the mechanism of the reaction progress is proposed.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Arginine ; Catalysis ; Kinetics ; Mechanism ; Oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Oxidation erfolgt sowohl mit als auch ohne Cu(II)-Katalysator in erster Ordnung bezüglich des Oxidationsmittels und des Substrats; inverse Ordnung wird bezüglich der Alkalikonzentration beobachtet. Bis zu einer Cu(II)-Konzentration von≤2×10−5 M ist die Geschwindigkeitskonstante der Katalysatorkonzentration proportional; darüber wird eine konstantbleibende Geschwindigkeit beobachtet, die nun von der Cu(II)-Konzentration unabhängig ist. Neutralsalze haben keinen Effekt auf die Geschwindigkeitskonstante. Es wird für den katalysierten und unkatalysierten Reaktionsablauf ein Mechanismus vorgeschlagen und ein mathematischer Ansatz präsentiert.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of uncatalysed and Cu(II) catalysed oxidation of arginine monohydrochloride was investigated. Both reactions follow a singular order dependence each in oxidant and substrate. An inverse order dependence is reported with the alkali concentration. A plot of observed rate constant versus Cu(II) concentrations Cu(II)≤2.0×10−5 M is linear; from the intercept the rate constant for the uncatalysed pathway was calculated. However, at high copper ion concentrations i.e. Cu(II)〉2.0×10−5 M a fixed value of rate constant was found for all catalyst concentrations. Added neutral salts show an insignificant effect on the reaction rate. Mechanisms were proposed for both cases and rate expressions were derived by applying steady state assumptions.
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  • 15
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    Calcified tissue international 33 (1981), S. 431-439 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Apatite ; Fluorhydroxyapatite ; Crystal growth ; Kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of seeded crystal growth of calcium apatites were studied in dilute supersaturated solutions at various levels of fluoride concentrations. Initial precipitation rates were enhanced by fluoride concentrations higher than 0.05 ppm. The analytical results are consistent with the precipitation of fluoridated hydroxyapatites, Ca5Fx-(OH)1−x(PO4)3, FHA. The degree of fluoridation, X, appears to be determined by the activity of HF in solution, which varies for the various initial fluoride levels but remains fairly constant during precipitation. Thus the composition of the precipitating phase was the same for a given solution whether 25 or 10 mg of hydroxyapatite was added as seeds. All the experimental results are consistent with the BCF theory, which relates the mean linear rate of growth, RL, to the supersaturation, DS, by the expression RL=C1T(DS-1)1n(DS)tanh(C2/T 1n DS), in which DS is the supersaturation defined by mean molar activities with respect to the precipitating FHA, T the absolute temperature, and C1 and C2 are constants calculated from the experimental results. Consequently, the crystal growth appears to take place in surface kinks and to be controlled by surface diffusion. Since crystal growth in most biological systems takes place at fluoride concentrations within the experimental range used, it seems probable that it occurs along the model advanced in the present investigation.
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  • 16
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 111 (1980), S. 1125-1133 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Diazotization ; Kinetics ; α-Naphthylamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the diazotization of α-naphthylamine1 in water HCl solution from 0,2N to 2.0N at 0 °C were investigated. It was found that the nitrosation reaction $$\alpha --C_{10} H_7 NH_2 + NOCl\mathop \rightleftharpoons \limits^{k_v } \alpha --C_{10} H_7 NH_2 NO^ + + Cl^ - $$ is a preceeding advance-back-reaction (velocity coefficient of the nitrosation is 1.92·1010l mol−1 s−1). The decomposition of I by splitting off a proton is the rate determining reaction. The free enthalpy of activation for the nitrosation reaction equals 12.94 kJ/mol.
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  • 17
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 111 (1980), S. 1135-1142 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Hammet parameter ; Kinetics ; Mechanism ; Thermodynamic parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Reaktion von drei substituierten Acetophenonen mit Bromsuccinimid in Perchlorsäure in Gegenwart von Quecksilberacetat wurde untersucht. Die Reaktion war von nullter Ordnung gegenüberNBS, erster Ordnung gegenüber den Ketonen und [H+]. Mögliche Mechanismen der Reaktion werden diskutiert und auch eine Geschwindigkeitsgleichung wird abgeleitet. Es wurden die thermodynamischen Parameter der Reaktion bestimmt und auch einHammet'scher ϖ-Wert (+0,6) für die Oxidation der Methylarylketone ermittelt.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the reaction of three substituted acetophenones withN-Bromosuccinimide was studied in perchloric acid media in presence of mercuric acetate. The reactions were found to be zero order with respect toNBS while the order with respect to ketones and [H+] was found to be unity. The addition of succinimide mercuric acetate and sodium perchlorate has no effect on the rate of oxidation and the rate increases with the decrease in dielectric constant of the medium. Kinetic investigations have revealed that the order of reactivity ism-nitroacetophenone 〉 p-chloroacetophenone 〉 p-methylacetophenone. TheArrhenius equation has been found to be valid in the temperature range 35–55°. Thermodynamic parameters have been calculated. Mechanistic pathways of the reactions are discussed and a rate equation is derived.Hammett's plot gives a ϖ value of +0.60 for methyl-aryl-ketones.
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  • 18
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 113 (1982), S. 3-14 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Graphite ; Kinetics ; Reduction ; Thoria ; Thoriumcarbide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reduktion von Thoriumoxid mit Graphit im Überschuß wurde mittels einer Thermowaage zwischen 1620 und 1920 K im Vakuum untersucht. Ab ThO2:C=1:50 war die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit vom Mischungsverhältnis unabhängig; das Endprodukt war immer ThC2. Der logarithmische Gewichtsverlust war direkt proportional der Zeit, und dieArrheniusgerade zeigte einen Knickpunkt bei 1710 K: unterhalb dieser Temperatur ergab sich eine Aktivierungsenergie von 440 kJ, oberhalb eine solche von 260 kJ. Die Temperatur des Knickpunkts entspricht der Umwandlungstemperatur von monoklinem in tetragonal raumzentriertes ThC2.
    Notes: Abstract The reduction of thoria with excess graphite was studied with a thermo-balance in vacuum between 1620 and 1920 K. From Th02:C=1:50 the rate of reaction was independent of the ratio of the reactants; the endproduct was always ThC2. The logarithmic weight loss was directly proportional to the time, and theArrhenius plot showed a break at 1710 K: below this temperature the activation energy was found to be 440 kJ, above 260 kJ. The temperature corresponding to the break coincides with the transition temperature of monoclinic to body-centered tetragonal ThC2.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Ligand-transfer ; Thallium (III)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The transfer of oxinate ions from thallium (III)oxinate to trivalent Fe(DMF) 6 3+ in propylenecarbonate takes place via rearrangements within a rapidly formed binuclear thallium(III)—iron(III) complex. In a last rapid step this rearranged complex reacts with excess reactants to the final products whose composition accordingly depends on the ratio of the reactant concentrations.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Hydroperoxide ; Kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Zersetzung von α,α-Dimethylbenzylhydroperoxid (1) unter Verwendung eines Kupfer(II)chlorkomplexes wurde die neue Feststellung gemacht, daß das Produktverhältnis Acetophenon (2): α,α-Dimethylbenzylalkohol (3) stets 2:1 ist. Die Kinetik der Reaktion wurde untersucht und ein Mechanismus vorgeschlagen, der mit dem experimentellen Resultat konsistent ist.
    Notes: Abstract In the decomposition of α,α-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide (1) by use of copper(II) chlorocomplexes, the novel fact was found that the product ratio of acetophenone (2) to α,α-dimethylbenzyl alcohol (3) is 2 to 1. The kinetics of this result was investigated and a mechanism consistent with the experimental result is proposed.
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  • 21
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 114 (1983), S. 411-423 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Bromination ; Dihydroxydiphenylmethanes ; Intramolecular hydrogen bonding ; Kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The bromination of 15 dinuclear phenolic compounds (dihydroxydiphenylmethanes, methylene bisphenols) by molecular bromine in acetic acid was studied kinetically at 22°C. In all compounds the electrophilic substitution occurred inortho-position to the phenolic hydroxy group of the methyl phenol unit while the non reacting neighboring unit was differently substituted by H, CH3,t-Bu and NO2. A decrease in the reaction rate was observed in 2,2′-dihydroxydiphenylmethanes, where the +M-effect of the hydroxy group is diminished by an intramolecular hydrogen bond. The strength of this hydrogen bond may be influenced mainly by steric factors. Strong electron withdrawing substituents like NO2 show a rate decreasing influence on the reactivity of the neighboring unit also in 2,4′- and 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylmethanes.
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  • 22
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 115 (1984), S. 1385-1392 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Periodate oxidation ; Solvent effect ; Reaction rate ; Kinetics ; Octacyanomolybdate (IV)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik der Oxidation von Mo(CN) 8 4− mit IO4/− wurde in Ethanol—Wasser über einen Temperaturbereich von 15–35 °C untersucht. Der Effekt der Lösungsmittelzusammensetzung auf die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und der Mechanismus der Reaktion werden diskutiert. Die Aktivierungsparameter sind angeführt. Es wird ein „Inner-Sphere“-Mechanismus vorgeschlagen, der mit den kinetischen Ergebnissen konsistent ist.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the oxidation of Mo(CN) 8 4− by IO 4 − has been studied in ethanol—water solvent mixtures over a temperature range of 15–35 °C. The effect of solvent composition on the reaction rate and the mechanism has been investigated. Activation parameters are given. An inner-sphere mechanism, consistent with the kinetic results, is proposed.
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  • 23
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 115 (1984), S. 405-414 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Mechanism ; Oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Kinetik der Oxidation von Chinol mit Quecksilbernitrat in Gegenwart einer Mischung ausAcOH-H2O-HNO3 untersucht, um die aktive Species bei der Oxidation in diesem Medium aufzuklären. Die Reaktionsordnung ist sowohl bezüglich des Chinols als auch des Hg(II)-Ions erster Ordnung. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit erhöht sich leicht mit der HNO3-Konzentration und auch mit abfallender Dielektrizitätskonstante des Mediums. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit sinkt mit dem Zusatz von KNO3. Es ist keinerlei Hinweis auf eine Komplexbildung zwischen Chinol und Hg(II) festzustellen. Die Resultate der Untersuchungen legen HgNO + 3 als aktive Spezies nahe. Es wird ein möglicher Mechanismus mit einem Zweielektronen-Transfer im geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritt vorgeschlagen. Das dabei produziertep-Benzochinon existiert nicht in freier Form, sondern es bildet einen stabilen 1 : 1-Komplex mit Quecksilbernitrat; dieser Komplex wurde mittels TLC und IR charakterisiert.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of oxidation of quinol by mercuric nitrate in presence ofAcOH-H2O-HNO3 mixture has been investigated in order to find the active species of mercuric nitrate involved in the oxidation in this medium. The order of reaction both with respect to quinol and Hg(II) is found to be one. The reaction rate slightly increases with the increase in [HNO3] and the decrease of the dielectric constant of the medium. The reaction rate retards on addition of KNO3. There is no evidence for complex formation between quinol and Hg(II). These results suggest that HgNO + 3 might be the active species in this medium. A probable mechanism involving a two electron transfer in the rate determining step has been suggested. The producedp-benzoquinone does not exist in free state but forms a stable (1 : 1) complex with mercuric nitrate which has been characterized by TLC and IR studies.
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  • 24
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    Monatshefte für Chemie 115 (1984), S. 697-704 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Electrohydrodimerization ; Benzylidenemalononitriles ; Kinetics ; Electrohydrodimerization ; Benzylidenemalononitriles ; Kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mittels derivativer cyclischer Voltammetrie wurden für die Titelreaktion Geschwindigkeitskonstanten und Aktivierungsparameter erhalten (Dimethylformamid als Lösungsmittel). Benzyliden-,p-Methyl- undp-Methoxybenzylidenmalonnitril reagieren ausschließlich über die Dimerisierung ihrer Anionenradikale (Radikal-Radikal-Kopplung), währenddessen die Dimerisierung vonp-Fluorbenzylidenmalonnitril zu 25% über die Kopplung des Anionenradikals mit dem Substrat erfolgt.
    Notes: Abstract Rate constants and activation parameters for the reductive dimerization of substituted benzylidenemalononitriles were obtained from derivate cyclic voltammetry measurements in dimethylformamide as solvent. Benzylidene-,p-methyl-andp-methoxybenzylidenemalononitrile react exclusively via dimerization of their anion radicals (radical-radical coupling) while forp-fluorobenzylidenemalononitrile 25% of the dimerization proceeds by coupling of the anion radical with the substrate.
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  • 25
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    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 48-59 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Salivary proteins ; Adsorption ; Thermodynamics ; Kinetics ; Hydroxyapatite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Equilibrium and kinetic experiments were conducted to investigate the factors determining the adsorption of salivary macromolecules onto hydroxyapatite. Using amino acids and other small adsorbates, it was determined that the carboxyl attached to the α carbon does not appear to adsorb onto HA and the affinities of side-chain carboxyls are much smaller than that of the phosphate group (phosphoserine). Hydroxyl (serine) displays an extremely high affinity, but its adsorption site on HA is different and the number of such sites is much smaller than found for the rest of the functional groups investigated. It is shown that the information obtained from small molecules cannot be readily applied to prediction of the adsorption behavior of salivary macromolecules and polypeptides. The kinetics of adsorption of the salivary phosphopeptide statherin, a polyaspartate, and the salivary prolinerich phosphoprotein PRP3 are consistent with the reversibility of the adsorption process; no conclusion was possible in the case of the protein PRP1. Apparent irreversibility cannot be explained on the basis of multipoint binding or the properties of the carboxyl versus phosphate group; it appears that secondary structure determines to a significant extent the adsorption properties of the macromolecules. Calculation of the thermodynamic molar quantities of adsorption of PRP1, PRP3, andl-ASP onto HA showed that the process is entropically driven. The functional relationship between partial molar entropy and adsorption coverage is similar for the two proteins, but quite different from that for aspartate. Explanations for these results are advanced on the bases of changes in structure configurations and displacement of water from the adsorbate and the adsorbent surface, the second factor being the dominant one in the adsorption of a small molecule such asl-ASP.
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  • 26
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    European biophysics journal 8 (1981), S. 23-34 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Light-scattering ; Flash photometry ; Kinetics ; Visual transduction ; Biomembranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A recent development of kinetic light-scattering and -absorption photometry is described. Essential points are: 1) In the scattering experiment, amplitude resolution of 2 · 10−5 (single flash) by application of a differential detector, stability of the same magnitude due to optical compensation, high intensity at the detector due to special optics for the scattered light and semiconductor sources. 2) In the absorption measurement, elimination of scattering contributions by the dual wavelength-method and by high aperture optics. 3) Simultaneous measurement of absorption and scattering. The application of the method is described in using signals from isolated bovine rod outer segments. A reliable procedure is described by the use of which the originally measured light-scattering effects can be split up into single signals. The method allows comparative kinetic analysis of absorption and scattering signals. The possible causal connections between pigment and membrane structure processes can be selected.
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  • 27
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    European biophysics journal 9 (1983), S. 145-170 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Viroids ; Thermodynamics ; Kinetics ; Hydrodynamics ; Function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Viroids are an independent class of plant pathogens which are distinguished from viruses by the absence of a protein coat and by their unusually small size. They are single-stranded circular RNAs composed of about 360 nucleotide residues. Sequence analysis and physicochemical studies of the potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) have shown that, as a result of intra-molecular base pairing, viroids form a unique rod-like secondary structure which is characterized by a serial arrangement of double-helical sections and internal loops. There is no indication for an additional tertiary structure because all parts of the molecule are freely accessible to ligand interaction. During the denaturation all of the native base pairs of viroids are dissociated in one highly cooperative transition, and in the same process very stable hairpins which are not present in the native structure are newly formed. Most of the properties of the structure and structural transitions of PSTV have been found also in citrus exocortis viroid, chrysanthemum stunt viroid and four different viroid-like RNAs associated with the cadang-cadang disease. The close similarity between these viroids is more expressed in the overall structure and in thermodynamic and functional domains than in the primary sequence. The stiffness of all viroids can be described by an unique persistence length of 300 å. Characteristically, regions of premelting, regions of stable hairpins, and the sequence UACUACCCGGUGG which is opposite to one of the stable hairpins, are the most conservative sequences in the molecules. Current hypotheses about the function of viroids are discussed on the basis of their structural and thermodynamic features. The suggestion that viroid RNA has features similar to DNA has been supported by the finding that they are replicated in vitro by the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II of the host plant. The highly conserved sequence in viroids mentioned above corresponds very closely to a segment at the 5′-end of the small nuclear RNA U1 of eukaryotes. Because this segment is discussed in recent models, to be involved in the splicing process, a hypothesis is proposed in which viroids interfere with the splicing process leading to a pathogenic misregulation of mRNA processing.
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  • 28
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    Archives of microbiology 139 (1984), S. 28-32 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacterium ; Phosphate ; Uptake ; Kinetics ; Regulation ; Pulse ; Steady state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to study phosphate uptake kinetics the cyanobacteriumOscillatoria agardhii was grown in continuous culture under a phosphorus limitation. The affinity of the uptake system reflected in the initial slope of the uptake rate versus external substrate concentration curve (dV/ds) was found to be unaffected by the growth wate. The maximum phosphate uptake rate (V m ) decreased as the growth rate was increased. Attempts were made to relate the decrease ofV m to the increase in phosphorus content of the cells that occurred a higher growth rates. Accumulation of phosphate during pulse experiments indeed resulted in a decrease ofV m . However feedback regulation ofV m by accumulated phosphorus was found to occur only to a small extent in steady state growing cells. The main part of the regulation of the activity of the phosphate uptake system seemingly is determined by a long term process that is, at least longer than 2 h. The presence of short term feedback inhibition by accumulated phosphorus on the activity of the uptake system provides an explanation of the phenomenon thatOscillatoria agardhii is not able to grow at nearμ max growth rates under a phosphorus limitation.
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  • 29
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    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 359-381 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alaska ; Ammonium ; Birch ; Forest-floor ; Isotopedilution ; Kinetics ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen pool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An analysis was conducted of nitrogen dynamics in the forest floor of a paper birch forest in subarctic Alaska. Low addition levels of high enrichment isotope (〈1% of the total nitrogen pool with 95 to 99 atom percent excess15N) and isotope dilution analysis, were used to establish the kinetics of nitrogen flow. The pools examined were NH4, NO3+NO2, soluble organic-N and forest floor organic matter. This approach allows a more realistic assessment of rates of N movement at the levels of nitrogen concentration encountered in natural systems.
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    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 399-417 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) ; Kinetics ; Lead ; River-mud
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of several factors on the rate and the capacity of lead adsorption by river-mud were studies. These factors included the concentration of mud, the concentration of lead, the organic matter content of mud, pH, time of adsorption, temperature and agitation. The reaction order of the adsorption process with respect to lead and the type of adsorption were determined. Also, indications of the rate-limiting step were discussed and an empirical equation describing the adsorption of lead on river-mud was developed.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonification ; Cadmium ; Heavy metals ; Kinetics ; Lead ; Nitrification ; Perfusion incubations ; Polluted soils ; Selection ; Toxicity ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The sensitivity of the mineralization of nitrogen by a range of soils contaminated with heavy metals (up to 340 μg Cd g−1, 7500 μg Pb g−1 and 34000 μg Zn g−1) to the addition of heavy metals in solution were studied using pot incubations (ammonification) and a soil perfusion technique (nitrification). The ammonification of peptone showed little correlation between treatments with Cd, Zn (1000 and 5000 μg g−1) and Pb (10000 and 20000 μg g−1) and origin of the soil. Nitrification was considerably more sensitive to heavy metals than ammonification. All the soils had active, often large, populations of ammonifying and nitrifying organisms which showed substantial similarities between the soils. The rate of nitrifying activity (NO3−N production) was logrithmic in most cases. The presence of tolerant populations of nitrifying organisms in the contaminated soils was demonstrated. Tolerance was also eventually acquired after a longer lag phase, by the non-contaminated soil populations although the rate of activity was often reduced. Metals added in solution were adsorbed by the soil within 4 hours. Differences in toxicity between metal salts (chlorides, sulphates and acetate) were attributed to the amount left in solution. However, in many instances, acetate was found to stimulate all the stages in the mineralisation of nitrogen.
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  • 32
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    Journal of statistical physics 30 (1983), S. 219-241 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Kinetics ; phase transitions ; nucleation ; lattice gas ; Becker-Doring equations ; clusters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method is described for calculating from first principles the coefficients in the Becker-Döring equations for the rate of change of the distribution of cluster sizes in a low-density lattice gas with Kawasaki dynamics. The method depends on solving a diffusion problem for the concentration of particles near a given cluster. The coefficients are calculated for cluster sizes up to 6, on a simple cubic lattice at a temperature 0.59 times the critical temperatures, and extrapolated to larger sizes. The resulting version of the Becker-Doring equations is then solved numerically. Comparison with the results of a computer simulation (at overall concentration 0.075) carried out by Kalos and others indicates that the method gives quite good predictions of the dependence of the cluster distribution on the critical cluster size (usually denoted by l*) but that the predicted rate of change of critical cluster size with time is too small, at this overall concentration, by a factor of about 0.3.
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    Journal of statistical physics 34 (1984), S. 399-426 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Kinetics ; Becker-Doring equations ; clusters ; computer simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We make a quantitative comparison between the predictions of the Becker-Döring equations and computer simulations on a model of a quenched binary A-B alloy. The atoms are confined to the vertices of a simple cubic lattice, interact through attractive nearest neighbor interactions, and move by interchanges of nearest neighbor pairs (Kawasaki dynamics). We study in particular the time evolution of the number of clusters of A atoms of each size, at four different concentrations: ρA=0.035, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 atoms per lattice site. The temperature is 0.59 times the critical temperature. At this temperature the equilibrium concentration of A atoms in the B-rich phase is ρ A eq =0.0145 atoms/lattice site. The coefficients entering the Becker-Döring equations are obtained by extrapolation from previously published low-density calculations, leaving the time scale as the only adjustable parameter. We find good agreement at the three lower densities. At 10% density the agreement is, as might be expected, less satisfactory but still fairly good-indicating a quite wide range of utility for the Becker-Döring equations.
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: When microbial strains compete for the same limiting nutrient in continuous culture, resource-based competition theory predicts that only one strain will survive and all others will die out. The surviving strain expected from theory will be the one with the smallest subsistence or "break-even" concentration of the limiting resource, a concentration defined by the J parameter. This prediction has been confirmed in the case of auxotrophic bacterial strains competing for limiting tryptophan. Because the value of J can be measured on the strains grown alone, the theory can predict the qualitative outcomes of mixed-growth competition in advance of actual competition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, S R -- Hubbell, S P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1491-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6767274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*growth & development ; Culture Media ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Escherichia coli/growth & development ; Kinetics ; Models, Theoretical ; Nalidixic Acid/pharmacology ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/growth & development ; Tryptophan/metabolism
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    Publication Date: 1980-02-15
    Description: Autoradiographic and biochemical analyses of the hearts of female rhesus monkeys and baboons indicate that atrial and ventricular myocardial cells contain androgen receptors. Although the specific effects of nuclear uptake and retention of androgen on the function of heart muscle cells are not known, the presence of this receptor suggests that sex steroid hormones may affect myocardial function directly and may explain some of the peculiar differences in heart disease between men and women.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGill, H C Jr -- Anselmo, V C -- Buchanan, J M -- Sheridan, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 15;207(4432):775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6766222" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/*metabolism ; Animals ; Coronary Disease/*etiology ; Dihydrotestosterone/metabolism ; Estradiol/metabolism ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Kinetics ; Macaca mulatta ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Papio ; Receptors, Androgen/*metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid/*metabolism ; Sex Factors
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 1980-07-25
    Description: Accurate measurements of intracellular calcium activities in salivary gland epithelial cells of the insect Phormia regina were obtained with microelectrodes in which N,N'-di(11-ethoxycarbonyl)undecyl-N,N'-4,5-tetramethyl-3,6-dioxaoctane diacid diamide wsa incorporated in a liquid membrane system. When calibrated in solutions approximating the ionic concentration of the cell interior, these microelectrodes gave rapid stable responses that were linear functions of the logarithm of calcium activities and were not affected by potassium, sodium and magnesium. Continuous monitoring of calcium activities during serotonin-induced saliva release provided direct evidence of hormonal influence on transmembrane calcium movement and spontaneous regulation of intracellular calcium by stimulated cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Doherty, J -- Youmans, S J -- Armstrong, W M -- Stark, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):510-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Diptera/*metabolism ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Microelectrodes ; Salivary Glands/drug effects/*metabolism ; Serotonin/pharmacology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1980-11-21
    Description: The rate at which glucose enters nerve terminals in muscle was estimated indirectly by measuring changes in miniature end-plate potential frequency D-Glucose entered nerve terminals in muscles with a fast twitch more rapidly than it entered those with a slow twitch. This suggests that nerve terminals in fast- and slow-twitch muscles differ in their rate of metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickett, J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Nov 21;210(4472):927-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; Diaphragm/innervation ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Membrane Potentials ; Nerve Endings/*metabolism ; Neuromuscular Junction/*metabolism ; Osmolar Concentration ; Rats
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 1980-08-22
    Description: The binding of [6-alanine]gonadotropin-releasing hormone to pituitary plasma membranes increased threefold between metestrus and early proestrus in female rats. Receptor numbers fell rapidly on the afternoon of proestrus coincident with the preovulatory gonadotropin surge. The numbers of receptors for gonadotropin-releasing hormone were positively correlated with concentrations of estradiol in serum; this pattern may be a necessary component of increased pituitary sensitivty to gonadotropin-releasing hormone observed during proestrus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Savoy-Moore, R T -- Schwartz, N B -- Duncan, J A -- Marshall, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 22;209(4459):942-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6250218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Estradiol/blood ; *Estrus ; Feedback ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/blood ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Benzodiazepines inhibit Ca2+-calmodulin-stimulated membrane protein phosphorylation. The effects of the benzodiazepines on protein phosphorylation are stereospecific and produced by membrane-bound benzodiazepine. The potency of benzodiazepine kinase inhibition is correlated with the ability of the benzodiazepines to inhibit electric shock-induced convulsions. These findings provide evidence that some of the anticonvulsant and neuronal stabilizing effects of benzodiazepines may be modulated by the Ca2+-calmodulin protein kinase system and indicate that this calmodulin-kinase system represents an identifiable benzodiazepine receptor in brain that is distinquishable by several criteria from the previously described high affinity benzodiazepine receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLorenzo, R J -- Burdette, S -- Holderness, J -- NS 1352/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NSI-EA-1-K04-NS245/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):546-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6264605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepines/metabolism ; Brain/*enzymology ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*pharmacology ; Calmodulin/*pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Chlordiazepoxide/*pharmacology ; Diazepam/*pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Kinetics ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A
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  • 40
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-08-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Evans, C H -- Tew, W P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 7;213(4508):653-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Cations ; *Erbium ; Kinetics ; *Magnetics
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gonzalez, M F -- Deutsch, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 12;212(4500):1283-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Feeding Behavior ; Kinetics ; Male ; Rats ; *Satiation ; *Satiety Response ; Stomach/*physiology ; *Vagotomy
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: The persistence of synthetic herbicides such as 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and its release in massive amounts as a herbicide (Agent Orange) have created toxicological problems in many countries. In nature, 2,4,5-T is slowly degraded by cooxidation and is not utilized as a sole source of carbon and energy. The technique of plasmid-assisted molecular breeding has led to the development of bacterial strains capable of totally degrading 2,4,5-T by using it as their sole source of carbon at high concentrations (greater than 1 mg/ml). Spectrophotometry and gas chromatography reveal various intermediates during growth of the culture with 2,4,5-T.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kellogg, S T -- Chatterjee, D K -- Chakrabarty, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1133-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302584" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/*metabolism ; Bacteria/*genetics/metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Cell Division ; Kinetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Plasmids
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: Two divalent cation ionophores, A23187 and Ionomycin, which are selective for calcium, stimulated the resorption of fetal rat long bones in organ culture at 0.1 to 1 micromolar but not at higher concentrations. Both agents inhibited DNA synthesis at concentrations that stimulated resorption. These results might explain the differences in ionophore effects on bone previously reported, and they imply that cell replication is not required for osteoclast formation in fetal rat long bone cultures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lorenzo, J A -- Raisz, L G -- AM 07290/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 18063/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1157-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6785885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Bone Resorption/*drug effects ; Bone and Bones/drug effects/*metabolism ; Calcimycin/*pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; DNA Replication/*drug effects ; Ethers/pharmacology ; Fetus ; Ionomycin ; Ionophores/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: A loss in the number of functional, sodium ion-dependent, high-affinity choline transport sites was observed in the cortex and hippocampus of mice given an intracerebroventricular injection of 65 nanomoles of AF64A (ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion) 3 days earlier. Such an effect was not observed in the striatum. This effect of AF64A represents a long-term neurochemical deficit at cholinergic nerve terminals in some brain regions which can lead to a persistent deficiency in central cholinergic transmission. The AF64A-treated animal may thus be a model for certain psychiatric or neurological disorders that appear to involve central cholinergic hypofunction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mantione, C R -- Fisher, A -- Hanin, I -- MH 26320/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH/AG 34893/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):579-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6894649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aziridines/*pharmacology ; Azirines/*pharmacology ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Choline/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Sodium/pharmacology ; Synaptosomes/drug effects/*metabolism
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: During normal development of the hamster eye, there is a substantial loss of cells from the retinal ganglion cell layer in the first two postnatal weeks. If one eye is lost at birth, this cell death is reduced in the remaining eye. This may account for the increased ipsilateral projection from this eye to the thalamus and midbrain observed in these animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sengelaub, D R -- Finlay, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):573-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Survival ; Cricetinae ; Kinetics ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Retina/cytology/*physiology
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: Bee venom and phospholipase A2 extracted from bee venom enhanced guanylate cyclase (E.C. 4.6.1.2) activity two- to threefold in rat liver, lung, heart, kidney, ileum, and cerebellum. Dose-response relationships revealed that bee venom at concentrations as low as 1 microgram per milliliter and phospholipase A2 at 1 microunit per milliliter caused a maximal enhancement of guanylate cyclase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vesely, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):359-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6113689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bee Venoms/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme Activation ; Guanylate Cyclase/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Organ Specificity ; Phospholipases/*pharmacology ; Phospholipases A/*pharmacology ; Phospholipases A2 ; Rats
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase, the enzyme that is apparently rate-limiting in biopterin biosynthesis, is increased in adrenal cortex and medulla of rats treated with insulin or reserpine. Denervation and hypophysectomy block the increase in medullary and cortical enzyme activity, respectively, whereas cycloheximide presents the increase in both tissues. These results provide evidence for induction and regulation of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Viveros, O H -- Lee, C L -- Abou-Donia, M M -- Nixon, J C -- Nichol, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):349-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex/drug effects/*enzymology ; Adrenal Glands/innervation ; Adrenal Medulla/drug effects/*enzymology ; Aminohydrolases/*metabolism ; Animals ; Biopterin/*biosynthesis ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Denervation ; GTP Cyclohydrolase/*metabolism ; Hypophysectomy ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Male ; Organ Specificity ; Pteridines/*biosynthesis ; Rats ; Reserpine/pharmacology
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Kinetic analysis of the uptake of carbon-14-labeled oleate in a single-pass perfusion of rat liver and saturable and specific binding of iodine-125-labeled albumin to hepatocytes in suspension suggest the existence of a receptor for albumin on the liver cell surface. The putative receptor appears to mediate uptake of albumin-bound fatty acids by the cell and may account for the efficient hepatic extraction of many other substances tightly bound to albumin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisiger, R -- Gollan, J -- Ockner, R -- AM-07007/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-13328/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-21899/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1048-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6258226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Female ; Kinetics ; Liver/*metabolism ; Oleic Acids/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Receptors, Albumin ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Serum Albumin/*metabolism
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: Nalidixic acid and novobiocin inhibit the aminoacylation and pyrophosphate exchange activities of glycyl- and leucyl-transfer RNA synthetases from bakers' yeast. Similar types of inhibition are observed for both enzymes, suggesting similar mechanisms. The potency of these inhibitors is comparable to that observed for their inhibition of in vivo DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, H T -- Nurse, K C -- Goldstein, D J -- GM 07654/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 23598/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):455-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Glycine-tRNA Ligase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Kinetics ; Leucine-tRNA Ligase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Nalidixic Acid/*pharmacology ; Novobiocin/*pharmacology ; Oxolinic Acid/*pharmacology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: An established line of mesenchymal cells from the human embryonic palate is highly sensitive to the stimulatory effect of epidermal growth factor on growth, labeled thymidine incorporation, and ornithine decarboxylase activity. The results suggest that epidermal growth factor may play a key role in development of various human embryonic and fetal tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoneda, T -- Pratt, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):563-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Organ Specificity ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Palate/drug effects/*physiology ; Peptides/*pharmacology ; Pregnancy
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-07-16
    Description: A method has been developed for the measurement of intracellular free calcium in mammalian cells. The calcium-sensitive photoprotein aequorin can be incorporated into isolated cells by hypo-osmotic treatment without altering the cell viability, permeability, or metabolism. Intracellular calcium activity (Cai2+) was monitored in a perfusion system. In monkey kidney cells (LLC-MK2), Cai2+ is approximately 57 nanomoles per liter. Changes in Cai2+ with time can also be followed: exposure of the cells to anaerobiosis or the calcium ionophore A23187 reversibly increases Cai2+. The method has also been successfully tested in rat hepatocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borle, A B -- Snowdowne, K W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 16;217(4556):252-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6806904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aequorin ; Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Kidney/drug effects/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; *Luminescent Proteins ; Macaca mulatta
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 1982-06-11
    Description: Receptors that selectively bind micromolar concentrations of benzodiazepines are present in rat brain membrane. These micromolar receptors exhibit saturable, stereospecific binding, and the potency of benzodiazepine binding to these receptors is correlated with the ability of the benzodiazepines to inhibit maximum electric shock-induced convulsions. Benzodiazepine receptors with nanomolar affinity differ from the micromolar receptors in their binding, kinetic, and pharmacologic characteristics. The micromolar receptors also bind phenytoin, a non-benzodiazepine anticonvulsant. These results provide evidence for a distinct class of clinically relevant benzodiazepine receptors that may regulate neuronal excitability and anticonvulsant activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowling, A C -- DeLorenzo, R J -- NS 1352/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 11;216(4551):1247-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6281893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepines/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Benzodiazepinones/metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; Calmodulin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Diazepam/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-11-05
    Description: Simple chemical catalysts have been designed to achieve some desirable features of enzymes. These novel catalysts are not proteins, but they may incorporate the typical enzyme catalytic groups and they achieve selectivity in their reactions by use of geometric control, as do enzymes. Catalysts that carry out geometrically controlled chlorinations of aromatic rings and steroids have been constructed. Other catalysts achieve the selective synthesis of amino acids, and still others imitate ribonuclease in detailed mechanism and hydrolyze RNA. Optimization of geometries has led to a rate acceleration of over 10(8) in one instance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breslow, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 5;218(4572):532-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Catalysis ; Cyclodextrins ; *Enzymes ; Kinetics ; Models, Chemical ; Ribonucleases ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substrate Specificity ; Transaminases
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-03-12
    Description: Brief tetanic stimulation of the preganglionic nerves to the superior cervical ganglion enhances the postganglionic response to single preganglionic stimuli for 1 to 3 hours. This long-term potentiation of transmission through the ganglion is apparently not attributable to a persistent muscarinic action of the preganglionic neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, since neither the magnitude nor the time course of the phenomenon is reduced by atropine. The decay of long-term potentiation can be described by a first-order kinetic process with a mean time constant of 80 minutes. We conclude that long-term potentiation, once considered a unique property of the hippocampus, is in fact a more general feature of synaptic function. This form of synaptic memory may significantly influence information processing and control in other regions of the nervous system, including autonomic ganglia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, T H -- McAfee, D A -- 12116/PHS HHS/ -- NS 16576/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 12;215(4538):1411-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6278593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Learning/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Rats ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: Studies of isolated islets labeled with radioactive leucine show that glucose at a critical time "marks" islets in such a way as to cause preferential release of newly synthesized insulin. The preferential release of insulin from marked islets is relatively independent of subsequent secretagogues or rates of insulin secretion. Previous kinetic studies have indicated that the critical time at which marking occurs is after proinsulin biosynthesis but before the secretory event. Thus, secretory cells may regulate the diversion of newly synthesized material for immediate release as it is approaching or transiting the Golgi apparatus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gold, G -- Gishizky, M L -- Grodsky, G M -- AM 01410/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):56-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6181562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insulin/biosynthesis/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/drug effects/*secretion ; Kinetics ; Leucine ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Tolbutamide/pharmacology
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: Rats rotated to the left when 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) was injected into the left caudate nucleus and apomorphine was administered subcutaneously. The combination of NECA and apomorphine was more potent than L-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine and apomorphine in eliciting rotation, suggesting the involvement of adenosine receptors of the Ra type. The response was reduced when 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine was injected along with NECA into the caudate nucleus or when theorphylline was given intraperitoneally. Higher doses of apomorphine elicited a self-mutilatory response after the injection of NECA into the caudate nucleus. These results suggest that adenosine may be involved in the modulation of dopaminergic function in the striatum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, R D -- Proudfit, H K -- Yeung, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):58-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) ; Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Injections ; Kinetics ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Rotation ; Vasodilator Agents/*pharmacology
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 1982-01-01
    Description: Administration of the hepatic carcinogen aflatoxin B1 to experimental animals results in covalent binding to liver mitochondrial DNA at concentrations three to four times higher than nuclear DNA. The concentration of carcinogen adducts in mitochondrial DNA remains unchanged even after 24 hours, possible because of lack of excision repair. Similarly, mitochondrial transcription and translation remain inhibited up to 24 hours suggesting long-term effects of aflatoxin B1 on the mitochondrial genetic system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Niranjan, B G -- Bhat, N K -- Avadhani, N G -- CA-22762/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 1;215(4528):73-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6797067" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aflatoxin B1 ; Aflatoxins/*metabolism ; Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Liver Neoplasms/*chemically induced/metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondria, Liver/*metabolism ; Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 1982-08-27
    Description: A cavity was made in the brain (entorhinal cortex) of developing or adult rats, and a small piece of Gelfoam was emplaced to collect fluid secreted into the wound. The neuronotrophic activity of the fluid was assayed with sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons in culture. The results show that wounds in the brain of developing or adult rats stimulate the accumulation of neuronotrophic factors and that the activity of these factors increases over the first few days after infliction of the damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nieto-Sampedro, M -- Lewis, E R -- Cotman, C W -- Manthorpe, M -- Skaper, S D -- Barbin, G -- Longo, F M -- Varon, S -- AG-00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH-19691/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS-16349/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 27;217(4562):860-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic Fibers/physiology ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Injuries/*physiopathology ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholinergic Fibers/physiology ; Kinetics ; Nerve Growth Factors/*metabolism/pharmacology ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Wound Healing
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 1982-03-05
    Description: Norethisterone (17 alpha-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone) is an effective irreversible inhibitor of estrogen synthetase (aromatase), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens, even at a 2 X 10(-6) molar concentration. This irreversible inactivation, which is directed toward the active site of aromatase and requires the cofactor-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, is both time- and concentration-dependent. Ethisterone (17 alpha-ethynyltestosterone), in contrast, is not a suicide inhibitor of aromatase even at concentrations of 10(-4) molar.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Osawa, Y -- Yarborough, C -- HDO4945/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 5;215(4537):1249-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058343" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aromatase Inhibitors ; Binding Sites/drug effects ; Contraceptives, Oral/*pharmacology ; Estrogens/*biosynthesis ; Female ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Microsomes/enzymology ; Norethindrone/*pharmacology ; Oxidoreductases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Placenta/enzymology ; Pregnancy
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-11-12
    Description: Transfer RNA's are probably very strongly selected for translational efficiency. In this article, the argument is presented that the coding performance of the triplet anticodon is enhanced by selection of a matching anticodon loop and stem sequence. the anticodon plus these nearby sequence features (the extended anticodon) therefore contains more coding information than the anticodon alone and can perform more efficiently and accurately at the ribosome. This idea successfully accounts for the relative efficiencies of many transfer RNA's.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yarus, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 12;218(4573):646-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6753149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Kinetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Transfer/*genetics ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Suppression, Genetic
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 16;222(4629):1251-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6648532" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Flupenthixol/*pharmacology ; Hypothalamus/*drug effects ; Kinetics ; Rats ; *Reward ; Self Stimulation/*drug effects ; Thioxanthenes/*pharmacology
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 1983-03-25
    Description: Microinfusions of rat prolactin into the dorsal midbrain of estrogen-treated, ovariectomized rats increased lordosis behavior. Midbrain microinfusions of antiserum to prolactin into rats displaying maximum lordosis had the opposite effect. The distribution of a prolactin-like substance in the brain was studied immunocytochemically. The results suggest that a hypothalamic neuronal system projecting to the midbrain contains a prolactin-like substance that plays a role in facilitating this behavior and therefore may mediate some of the effects of estrogen on the brain. These data, together with others from studies of the prolactin gene and its regulation, indicate that it may be possible to analyze a sequence of molecular events in the brain that facilitate a behavioral response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harlan, R E -- Shivers, B D -- Pfaff, D W -- HD-05585/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-05737/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 25;219(4591):1451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Castration ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects/*physiology ; Cosyntropin/pharmacology ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Growth Hormone/pharmacology ; Immune Sera ; Kinetics ; Mesencephalon/*physiology ; Oxytocin/pharmacology ; Posture ; Prolactin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Vasopressins/pharmacology
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 1983-12-23
    Description: Endotoxin-free thymosin fraction 5 elevated corticotropin, beta-endorphin, and cortisol in a dose- and time-dependent fashion when administered intravenously to prepubertal cynomolgus monkeys. Two synthetic component peptides of thymosin fraction 5 had no acute effects on pituitary function, suggesting that some other peptides in thymosin fraction 5 were responsible for its corticotropin-releasing activity. In agreement with these observations, total thymectomy of juvenile macaques was associated with decreases in plasma cortisol, corticotropin, and beta-endorphin. These findings indicate that the prepubertal primate thymus contains corticotropin-releasing activity that may contribute to a physiological immunoregulatory circuit between the developing immunological and pituitary-adrenal systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Healy, D L -- Hodgen, G D -- Schulte, H M -- Chrousos, G P -- Loriaux, D L -- Hall, N R -- Goldstein, A L -- CA 24974/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 23;222(4630):1353-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6318312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*blood ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endorphins/blood ; Female ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Kinetics ; Macaca fascicularis ; Thymectomy ; Thymosin/analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Thymus Gland/*physiology ; beta-Endorphin
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-03-04
    Description: Efforts in estimating carcinogenic risk in humans from long-term exposure to chemical carcinogens have centered on the problem of low-dose extrapolation. For chemicals with metabolites that interact with DNA, it may be more meaningful to relate tumor response to the concentration of the DNA adducts in the target organ rather than to the applied dose. Many data suggest that the relation between tumor response and concentration of DNA adducts in the target organ may be linear. This implies that the nonlinearities of the dose-response curve for tumor induction may be due to the kinetic processes involved in the formation of carcinogen metabolite--DNA adducts. Of particular importance is the possibility that the kinetic processes may show a nonlinear "hockey-stick" like behavior which results from saturation of detoxification or DNA repair processes. The mathematical models typically used for low-dose extrapolation are shown potentially to overestimate risk by several orders of magnitude when nonlinear kinetics are present.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoel, D G -- Kaplan, N L -- Anderson, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 4;219(4588):1032-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6823565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogens/*administration & dosage ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*drug effects ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Risk
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 1983-11-25
    Description: Analysis of the polarized single-crystal absorption spectra of cytochrome cd1 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows that the heme c and heme d1 groups in each subunit are oriented perpendicularly to each other in both oxidized and reduced forms of the enzyme. These results, together with those of previous kinetic studies, indicate that a perpendicular heme-heme orientation may be an important factor in specifying kinetically slow steps in a sequential series of electron transfer reactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Makinen, M W -- Schichman, S A -- Hill, S C -- Gray, H B -- 1-T32-HD-07009/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Nov 25;222(4626):929-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6415814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cytochromes ; *Electron Transport ; *Heme ; Kinetics ; *Nitrite Reductases ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzymology ; Spectrum Analysis
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-12-09
    Description: Measurements of vapor pressures over their aqueous solutions indicate that organic compounds show profound differences in hydrophilic character. These differences are of such magnitude as to suggest an important role for changing solvation in determining free energy changes associated with metabolic transformations in water, and in governing structural equilibria of proteins and other large molecules in water. When two or more functional groups are present within the same solute molecule, their combined effects on its free energy of solvation are commonly additive. Striking departures from additivity, observed in certain cases, indicate the existence of special interactions between different parts of a solute molecule and the water that surrounds it. Similar considerations presumably apply to activated intermediates in the interconversion of biological materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolfenden, R -- GM 18325/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Dec 9;222(4628):1087-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6359416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Organic ; Enzymes/physiology ; Kinetics ; Metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acids/physiology ; Organic Chemistry Phenomena ; Protein Conformation ; Solvents ; Water/*physiology
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 1983-10-28
    Description: Fluorinated anesthetics were observed noninvasively in the brain of intact rabbits with fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. High-resolution fluorine-19 spectra of halothane, methoxyflurane, and isoflurane were obtained with a surface coil centered over the calvarium. Elimination of halothane from the brain was also monitored by this technique. Residual fluorine-19 signals from halothane (or a metabolite) could be detected as long as 98 hours after termination of anesthesia. These observations demonstrate the feasibility of using this technique to study the fate of fluorinated anesthetics in live mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wyrwicz, A M -- Pszenny, M H -- Schofield, J C -- Tillman, P C -- Gordon, R E -- Martin, P A -- GM 29520/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K04 GM 00503/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 28;222(4622):428-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Halothane/*metabolism ; Isoflurane/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Methoxyflurane/*metabolism ; Methyl Ethers/*metabolism ; Rabbits
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-10-12
    Description: The impermeant dye antipyrylazo III was used to measure depletion of extracellular calcium and net influx of calcium through the sarcolemma during the cardiac action potential. It was found that calcium entry occurs continuously during the action potential and is under direct control of the membrane potential. The inotropic action of epinephrine is accompanied by increased influx of calcium, while strophanthidin enhances the twitch without altering calcium influx during the action potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cleemann, L -- Pizarro, G -- Morad, M -- HL16152/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 12;226(4671):174-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6091269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Epinephrine/pharmacology ; Extracellular Space/*metabolism ; Ion Channels ; Kinetics ; *Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Naphthalenesulfonates ; Ranidae ; Sarcolemma/*metabolism ; Spectrophotometry ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Strophanthidin/pharmacology
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-10-07
    Description: Acetylcholine receptors at innervated neuromuscular junctions are very stable, with half-lives reported to be 6 to 13 days. Their turnover is described as a first-order process, implying a single population of receptors. In this study, two subpopulations of acetylcholine receptors at normally innervated junctions have been identified. One has a rapid turnover rate with a half-life of 18.7 hours, similar to that of extrajunctional receptors, and the other has a slow turnover rate with a half-life of 12.4 days. The rapidly turned over subpopulation represents approximately 20 percent of the total junctional receptors. This finding may account for the discrepancies in previous reports of turnover rates and may explain the rapid reversibility in vivo of agents that "irreversibly" block acetylcholine receptors. This finding also implies that the synthesis rate of junctional acetylcholine receptors may be higher than previous estimates. The rapidly turned-over subpopulation may represent receptors that were newly inserted into the neuromuscular junction and that were not yet stabilized by an influence of the motor nerve.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stanley, E F -- Drachman, D B -- 5 P01 NS10920/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 5 R01 HD04817/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 7;222(4619):67-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bungarotoxins ; Diaphragm ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Neuromuscular Junction/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cholinergic/biosynthesis/classification/*metabolism ; Synaptic Membranes/metabolism
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-11-02
    Description: New active sites can be introduced into naturally occurring enzymes by the chemical modification of specific amino acid residues with the use of appropriately designed coenzyme analogs. The resultant semisynthetic enzymes can have catalytic activities very different from those of the corresponding native enzymes. For example, papain has been converted into a highly effective oxidoreductase by covalent modification of the sulfhydryl group of the active site cysteine residue (Cys25) with flavins such as 8-bromoacetyl-10-methylisoalloxazine. Thus, it is now possible to enhance the catalytic versatility of existing enzymes through the process of "chemical mutation" of the active site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, E T -- Lawrence, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 2;226(4674):505-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6238407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; *Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; *Chemistry ; Chymotrypsin ; Enzymes/*chemical synthesis ; Flavins ; Kinetics ; NAD/metabolism ; Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Papain ; Stereoisomerism ; Toluene/analogs & derivatives/metabolism
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 1984-08-03
    Description: Apolipoproteins A-1 and A-2 were purified from human plasma. At concentrations present in human bile these proteins prolonged the nucleation time of cholesterol monohydrate crystals when added to model systems of supersaturated bile. In contrast, apolipoprotein C-3 and other serum proteins did not have this effect. Also, when human gallbladder bile was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography, apolipoproteins A-1 and A-2 were among the proteins present in a fraction of bile enriched in potent inhibitors of cholesterol crystal nucleation. These findings suggest that apolipoproteins A-1 and A-2 in supersaturated human gallbladder bile could inhibit the rate of formation of solid cholesterol crystals and thus help to prevent spontaneous cholesterol gallstone formation in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kibe, A -- Holzbach, R T -- LaRusso, N F -- Mao, S J -- AM-17562/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-24031/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL-32317/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 3;225(4661):514-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6429856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoprotein A-II ; Apolipoproteins/*blood ; Bile/*physiology ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Gallbladder/physiology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Lipoproteins, HDL/*blood ; Models, Biological
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 1984-02-10
    Description: Ultraviolet irradiation of rat dendritic cells completely abrogated their allostimulatory capacity in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Rat islets of Langerhans similarly irradiated remained hormonally functional when transplanted into syngeneic diabetic rats. Allogeneic transplantation across a major histocompatibility barrier of islets initially treated in vitro with ultraviolet irradiation resulted in prolonged allograft survival without the use of any immunosuppressive agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lau, H -- Reemtsma, K -- Hardy, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 10;223(4636):607-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6420888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival/radiation effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Islets of Langerhans/radiation effects ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Kinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Transplantation, Isogeneic ; *Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-07-13
    Description: A significant postflight reduction in the circulating red cell mass has been observed in both the American and Soviet manned programs. The mechanism and etiology of this loss were studied in blood samples from the four payload crewmen of Spacelab 1 taken before, during, and after flight. These samples and samples from control groups on the ground were analyzed for selected hematological and biochemical parameters, which were chosen on the basis of data previously collected, the restraints imposed by the use of human subjects, and the guidelines established for the first Spacelab mission. Twenty-two hours after weightless exposure, there was an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit. On day 7 in flight, the hemoglobin and hematocrit remained high and there was a slight decrease in reticulocyte number. On landing, red cell mass, plasma volume, hematocrit, and reticulocyte number were decreased. Throughout the 2-week postflight sampling period, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and reticulocyte number remained below the preflight value. Since this crew was not exposed to 100 percent oxygen these results are viewed as evidence that other spaceflight factors cause the measured red cell mass reduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leach, C S -- Johnson, P C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 13;225(4658):216-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocyte Volume ; Erythrocytes/*physiology ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin/blood ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Reticulocytes ; *Space Flight
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 1984-02-10
    Description: 3-Aminobenzamide and benzamide, purported to be specific inhibitors of the synthesis of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose), were used to elucidate possible functions of this biopolymer. These compounds, at frequently used experimental concentrations, not only inhibited the action of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) synthetase but also affected cell viability, glucose metabolism, and DNA synthesis. Thus, the usefulness of 3-aminobenzamide and benzamide may be severely restricted by the difficulty of finding a dose small enough to inhibit the synthetase without producing additional metabolic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Milam, K M -- Cleaver, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 10;223(4636):589-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6420886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Benzamides/*toxicity ; Cell Line ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Lymphocytes ; Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars/*biosynthesis ; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/*biosynthesis ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 1984-05-11
    Description: Arabinosylcytosine, a compound that inhibits DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells, stimulates fetal hemoglobin in adult baboons and produces significant perturbations in the pools of erythroid progenitors. It appears that changes in the kinetics of erythroid cell differentiation rather than direct action on the gamma genes underlie stimulation of fetal hemoglobin in the adult animals in vivo. These results also suggest that chemotherapeutic agents selected for their low carcinogenic or mutagenic potential could be used for therapeutic induction of fetal hemoglobin in patients with sickle cell anemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Papayannopoulou, T -- Torrealba de Ron, A -- Veith, R -- Knitter, G -- Stamatoyannopoulos, G -- GM 15253/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL-07093/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-20899/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 11;224(4649):617-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6200940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/drug therapy ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation/*drug effects ; Cytarabine/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Erythropoiesis/*drug effects ; Fetal Hemoglobin/*biosynthesis ; Kinetics ; Papio ; Reticulocytes/drug effects
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: The benzodiazepine-gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor complex was used to study functional receptor synthesis and degradation in primary cultures of neurons. Fifty percent of the receptors turned over with an unusually rapid half-life (4 hours); this was followed by a second, slower phase (32 hours). These results provide the basis for elucidating the mechanism by which neurons derived from the central nervous system control neurotransmitter receptor number, an important problem in cellular neurobiology. The findings may be of significance in the study of neurological and psychiatric disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borden, L A -- Czajkowski, C -- Chan, C Y -- Farb, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):857-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6093257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Flunitrazepam/metabolism ; Half-Life ; Kinetics ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord/cytology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/physiology
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 1984-11-23
    Description: The tachykinins are a family of peptides with the carboxyl terminal amino acid sequence Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2. Three major mammalian tachykinins have been identified--substance K, neuromedin K, and substance P--but only two tachykinin receptors have been postulated. Three tachykinins were labeled with radioiodinated Bolton-Hunter reagent and their binding characteristics were determined in crude membrane suspensions from several tissues. In cerebral cortex labeled eledoisin exhibited high-affinity binding that was inhibited by tachykinins in a manner indicating a definitive SP-E receptor site. In gastrointestinal smooth muscle and bladder, high-affinity binding of labeled substance P was inhibited in a pattern indicating a definitive SP-P site. In intestinal smooth muscle and bladder, however, labeled substance K and labeled eledoisin were both bound in a pattern indicating a preference for substance K itself. The results suggest the existence of three distinct types of tachykinin receptors: SP-P, SP-E, and SP-K.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buck, S H -- Burcher, E -- Shults, C W -- Lovenberg, W -- O'Donohue, T L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 23;226(4677):987-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6095447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism ; Duodenum/*metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Intestine, Small/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Organ Specificity ; Peptides/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Neurokinin-2 ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/*metabolism ; *Receptors, Tachykinin ; Species Specificity ; Tachykinins ; Urinary Bladder/*metabolism
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  • 78
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-02-17
    Description: Neurons process and transmit information in the form of electrical signals. Their electrical excitability is due to the presence of voltage-sensitive ion channels in the neuronal plasma membrane. In recent years, the voltage-sensitive sodium channel of mammalian brain has become the first of these important neuronal components to be studied at the molecular level. This article describes the distribution of sodium channels among the functional compartments of the neuron and reviews work leading to the identification, purification, and characterization of this membrane glycoprotein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Catterall, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 17;223(4637):653-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6320365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Electric Organ ; Electrophorus ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/isolation & purification ; Molecular Weight ; Muscles/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/isolation & purification ; Neurons/*metabolism/physiology ; Neurotoxins/pharmacology ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Sodium/*metabolism
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 1984-11-02
    Description: Cyclophilin, a specific cytosolic binding protein responsible for the concentration of the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A by lymphoid cells, was purified to homogeneity from bovine thymocytes. Cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography resolved a major and minor cyclophilin species that bind cyclosporin A with a dissociation constant of about 2 X 10(-7) moles per liter and specific activities of 77 and 67 micrograms per milligram of protein, respectively. Both cyclophilin species have an apparent molecular weight of 15,000, an isoelectric point of 9.6, and nearly identical amino acid compositions. A portion of the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the major species was determined. The cyclosporin A-binding activity of cyclophilin is sulfhydryl dependent, unstable at 56 degrees C and at pH 4 or 9.5, and sensitive to trypsin but not to chymotrypsin digestion. Cyclophilin specifically binds a series of cyclosporin analogs in proportion to their activity in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Isolation of cyclophilin from the cytosol of thymocytes suggests that the immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporin A is mediated by an intracellular mechanism, not by a membrane-associated mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Handschumacher, R E -- Harding, M W -- Rice, J -- Drugge, R J -- Speicher, D W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 2;226(4674):544-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6238408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; Cattle ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cyclosporins/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Humans ; Isoelectric Point ; Kinetics ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase
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  • 80
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-04-20
    Description: The spatial variation of changes in intracellular calcium ions were studied with a one-dimensional scanning microphotometer. Changes in intracellular calcium were measured with a metallochromic dye, arsenazo III. Both the magnitude and the kinetics of changes in calcium were dramatically different in different regions of a cell. In Limulus ventral photoreceptors the maximum change was probably restricted to the rhabdomeric lobe.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harary, H H -- Brown, J E -- EY0914/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY0915/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 20;224(4646):292-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6710144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arsenazo III/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Diffusion ; Horseshoe Crabs/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Light ; Photoreceptor Cells/*metabolism ; Spectrophotometry
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 1984-02-10
    Description: Regression of the fetal rat Mullerian duct in vitro was stimulated by sodium fluoride in the absence of Mullerian inhibiting substance. The action of Mullerian inhibiting substance was inhibited by sodium vanadate, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and several related nucleotides in the presence of manganese ions. Epidermal growth factor specifically inhibited the substance, but only with manganese ions present. Insulin, platelet-derived growth factor, and nerve growth factor had no effect. These results suggest that dephosphorylation of membrane proteins mediates the action of Mullerian inhibiting substance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hutson, J M -- Fallat, M E -- Kamagata, S -- Donahoe, P K -- Budzik, G P -- CA-17393/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 10;223(4636):586-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6607531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Cations, Divalent ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Female ; *Glycoproteins ; *Growth Inhibitors ; Kinetics ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mullerian Ducts/drug effects/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Sodium Fluoride/pharmacology ; Testicular Hormones/*physiology ; Vanadates ; Vanadium/pharmacology
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1984-09-07
    Description: Several naturally occurring and synthetic flavones were found to inhibit the aromatization of androstenedione and testosterone to estrogens catalyzed by human placental and ovarian microsomes. These flavones include (in order of decreasing potency) 7,8-benzoflavone, chrysin, apigenin, flavone, flavanone, and quercetin; 5,6-benzoflavone was not inhibitory. 7,8-Benzoflavone and chrysin were potent competitive inhibitors and induced spectral changes in the aromatase cytochrome P-450 indicative of substrate displacement. Flavones may thus compete with steroids in their interaction with certain monooxygenases and thereby alter steroid hormone metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kellis, J T Jr -- Vickery, L E -- AM1005/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 7;225(4666):1032-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androstenedione/*metabolism ; *Aromatase Inhibitors ; Benzoflavones/metabolism/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Binding, Competitive ; Female ; Flavonoids/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Microsomes/enzymology ; Ovary/*enzymology ; Oxidoreductases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Placenta/*enzymology ; Pregnancy ; Testosterone/*metabolism ; beta-Naphthoflavone
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 1984-05-11
    Description: Arachidonate and other unsaturated long-chain fatty acids were found to activate protein kinase C from human neutrophils. Kinase activation by arachidonate required calcium and was enhanced by diolein but did not require exogenous phosphatidylserine. Submaximal levels of arachidonate also enhanced the affinity of the kinase for calcium during activation by phosphatidylserine. Thus the release of arachidonate, which is triggered in many cell types by ligand-receptor interactions, could play a second messenger role in the regulation of cellular function by activation of protein kinase C.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McPhail, L C -- Clayton, C C -- Snyderman, R -- 5PO1CA29589/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5RO-1DEO3738/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 11;224(4649):622-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6231726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arachidonic Acid ; Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme Activation ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology/*physiology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Neutrophils/enzymology ; Phosphatidylserines/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 1984-11-02
    Description: By recombinant DNA techniques, a disulfide bond was introduced at a specific site in T4 lysozyme, a disulfide-free enzyme. This derivative retained full enzymatic activity and was more stable toward thermal inactivation than the wild-type protein. The derivative, T4 lysozyme (Ile3----Cys), was prepared by substituting a Cys codon for an Ile codon at position 3 in the cloned lysozyme gene by means of oligonucleotide-dependent, site-directed mutagenesis. The new gene was expressed in Escherichia coli under control of the (trp-lac) hybrid tac promoter, and the protein was purified. Mild oxidation generated a disulfide bond between the new Cys3 and Cys97, one of the two unpaired cysteines of the native molecule. Oxidized T4 lysozyme (Ile3----Cys) exhibited specific activity identical to that of the wild-type enzyme when measured at 20 degrees C in a cell-clearing assay. The cross-linked protein was more stable than the wild type during incubation at elevated temperatures as determined by recovered enzymatic activity at 20 degrees C.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perry, L J -- Wetzel, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 2;226(4674):555-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6387910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; *Genetic Engineering ; Kinetics ; Muramidase/*genetics/metabolism ; Protein Denaturation
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  • 85
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1983-03-25
    Description: Tension transients were recorded in a single smooth muscle cell. The transient contains a linear elastic response and a biphasic recovery that appear to originate from the cross-bridges. A comparison of transients in smooth and fast skeletal muscle fibers suggests that the cross-bridge in smooth muscle is more compliant than the cross-bridge in striated muscle and that transitions between several cross-bridge states occur more slowly in smooth muscle than in striated muscle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warshaw, D M -- Fay, F S -- HL 05770/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 14523/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 25;219(4591):1438-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Relaxation ; Muscle, Smooth/*physiology ; Muscles/physiology ; Stress, Mechanical
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 1983-03-18
    Description: Several lines of evidence suggest that there might be immunologic cross-reactivity between the thyroid plasma membrane in humans and antigenic determinants in the enteric pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica. Studies were therefore performed to determine whether Y. enterocolitica, like the thyroid membrane, contains a thyrotropin binding site. A saturable binding site for bovine thyrotropin was indeed demonstrable, particularly in preparations of the organism that have been treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetate and lysozyme. Hormonal specificity of the binding site, as judged from the inhibition of binding of 125I-labeled bovine thyrotropin, was similar to that of the thyrotropin receptor in human thyroid tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, M -- Ingbar, S H -- Winblad, S -- Kasper, D L -- AM 18416/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 18;219(4590):1331-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6298936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Binding, Competitive ; Kinetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Receptors, Thyrotropin ; Thyrotropin/*metabolism ; Yersinia enterocolitica/*metabolism
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: The food dye erythrosine (Erythrosin B; FD & C No. 3) was applied to isolated neuromuscular synapses in the frog, and its effects on the spontaneous quantal release of acetylcholine were examined with electrophysiological techniques. At concentrations of 10 muM or greater this anionic dye produced an irreversible, dose-dependent increase in neurotransmitter release. This increase did not depend on the presence of calcium ions in the bathing medium. These increase did not depend on the presence of calcium ions in the bathing medium. These results suggest that erythrosine might prove a useful pharmacological tool for studying the process of transmitter release, but that its use as a food additive should be reexamined.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Augustine, G J Jr -- Levitan, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1489-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6244619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura ; Calcium/physiology ; Erythrosine/*pharmacology ; Fluoresceins/*pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Motor Endplate/drug effects ; Neuromuscular Junction/*drug effects ; Rana pipiens ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Synaptic Transmission/*drug effects
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 1980-06-06
    Description: A protein that binds spermine specifically was separated from normal rabbit serum by affinity chromatography. Immunoelectrophoresis, the Ouchterlony immunodiffusion test, and gradient gel electrophoresis indicated that this protein has immunoglobulin characteristics and consists of several populations of antibodies to spermine. These were sequentially released from Sepharose-spermine gel by step-wise elution with solutions ranging in pH from 4 to 1. The binding constants varied from 5.0 x 10(8) to 11.1 x 10(8) liters per mole. These globulins did not react with monoacetylputrescine, L-ornithine, L-lysine, and histamine. Negligible cross-reactivity was detected with spermidine, putrescine, N8-monoacetylspermidine, cadaverine, and diaminopropane. Since perturbations in polyamine metabolism have been identified in several diseases, the study of extracellular polyamine homeostasis may reveal an important regulatory function for this protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartos, D -- Bartos, F -- Campbell, R A -- Grettie, D P -- Smejtek, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 6;208(4448):1178-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/*isolation & purification ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Homeostasis ; Immunoglobulin G/isolation & purification ; Kinetics ; Rabbits ; Spermine/*immunology/metabolism
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 1980-07-11
    Description: The high-affinity binding of triatiated imipramine to platelet membranes was compared in samples from 16 untreated depressed women and 21 age-matched controls of the same sex. The maximal binding in the depressed group was significantly lower than that of the controls, although the affinity constants were similar. These results suggest that binding of tritiated imipramine in human platelets may represent a biochemical index of depression, possibly reflecting similar changes in the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Briley, M S -- Langer, S Z -- Raisman, R -- Sechter, D -- Zarifian, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 11;209(4453):303-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Blood Platelets/*analysis ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Depression/*blood ; Humans ; Imipramine/*blood ; Kinetics ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Drug/*metabolism
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 1980-07-25
    Description: Serotonin infused into the lateral ventricle in rats produced a dose-dependent depression of the acoustic startle reflex. When infused onto the spinal cord, serotonin produced a dose-dependent increase in startle. Thus the same neurotransmitter can modulate the same behavior in opposite ways, depending on which part of the central nervous system is involved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, M -- Strachan, D I -- Kass, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):521-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Kinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Reflex, Acoustic/*drug effects ; Reflex, Startle/*drug effects ; Serotonin/*pharmacology
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  • 91
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: In order to explain the insulin-like effect of exercise, it was proposed in 1951 that contracting muscle fibers liberate creatine, which acts to produce an acceptor effect--later called respiratory control--on the muscle mitochondria. The development of this notion paralleled the controversy between biochemists and physiologists over the delivery of energy for muscle contraction. With the demonstration of functional compartmentation of creatine kinase on the mitochondrion, it became clear that the actual form of energy transport in the muscle fiber is phosphorylcreatine. The finding of an isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase attached to the M-line region of the myofibril revealed the peripheral receptor for the mitochondrially generated phosphorylcreatine. This established a molecular basis for a phosphorylcreatine-creatine shuttle for energy transport in heart and skeletal muscle and provided an explanation for the inability to demonstrate experimentally a direct relation between muscle activity and the concentrations of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bessman, S P -- Geiger, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):448-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6450446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Creatine/metabolism ; Creatine Kinase/metabolism ; *Energy Metabolism ; Kinetics ; Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/*metabolism ; Myosins/metabolism ; Phosphocreatine/*metabolism
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  • 92
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Oral administration of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol had a biphasic effect on plasma testosterone concentrations in male mice, causing rapid sustained increases at low doses and subsequent decreases at higher doses. In hypophysectomized and intact mice receiving gonadotropins (human chorionic gonadotropin), treatment with delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol maintained higher plasma testosterone concentrations. Thus, this cannabinoid may interact with gonadotropin and directly influence testicular steroidogenesis in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalterio, S -- Bartke, A -- Mayfield, D -- 1R01 DA 02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P 30 HD 10202/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):581-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6264607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Dronabinol/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Hypophysectomy ; Kinetics ; Luteinizing Hormone/*blood ; Male ; Mice ; Testosterone/*blood
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  • 93
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: Diabetic patients with increased plasma glucose concentrations may develop cerebral symptoms of hypoglycemia when their plasma glucose is rapidly lowered to normal concentrations. The symptoms may indicate insufficient transport of glucose from blood to brain. In rats with chronic hyperglycemia the maximum glucose transport capacity of the blood-brain barrier decreased from 400 to 290 micromoles per 100 grams per minute. When plasma glucose was lowered to normal values, the glucose transport rate into brain was 20 percent below normal. This suggests that repressive changes of the glucose transport mechanism occur in brain endothelial cells in response to increased plasma glucose.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gjedde, A -- Crone, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):456-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7027439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; *Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain/blood supply ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Hyperglycemia/*metabolism ; Insulin/physiology ; Kinetics ; Rats ; Regional Blood Flow
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-02-27
    Description: A new picosecond resonance Raman technique shows that resonance Raman lines characteristic of a distorted all-trans retinal appear within 30 picoseconds after photolysis of rhodopsin or isorhodopsin. This finding suggests that isomerization is nearly complete within picoseconds of the absorption of a photon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayward, G -- Carlsen, W -- Siegman, A -- Stryer, L -- EY-02387/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 27;211(4485):942-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isomerism ; Kinetics ; Light ; Retinal Pigments/*radiation effects ; *Retinaldehyde/radiation effects ; Rhodopsin/*radiation effects ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; *Vision, Ocular ; *Vitamin A/analogs & derivatives
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Biologically active compounds were entrapped in cross-linked serum albumin microbeads. Injection of these drug-impregnated beads into rabbits produced no adverse immunological reactions. Sustained release (20 days) of progesterone was demonstrated in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, T K -- Sokoloski, T D -- Royer, G P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):233-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6787705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Glutaral ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Kinetics ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Norgestrel/administration & dosage ; Progesterone/*administration & dosage/blood ; Rabbits ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/*administration & dosage
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: Pancreatic amylase messenger RNA progressively decreases in rats rendered diabetic with streptozotocin. Insulin reverses this effect, inducing a selective decrease in amylase messenger RNA in the pancreas. Parotid amylase messenger RNA is not significantly affected by either diabetes or insulin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korc, M -- Owerbach, D -- Quinto, C -- Rutter, W J -- AM 21344/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):351-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6166044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amylases/*genetics ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*enzymology ; Insulin/pharmacology/*physiology ; Islets of Langerhans/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Male ; Pancreas/drug effects/*enzymology ; Pancreatic Elastase/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Trypsinogen/genetics
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1981-11-27
    Description: The binding of [3H]spiperone, a dopamine receptor ligand, to striatal membranes was increased 30 to 35 percent in rats made diabetic with alloxan or streptozotocin. Binding of [3H]spiperone was normal in rats made diabetic with alloxan but treated with insulin. Thus the number of dopamine receptors and central dopaminergic transmission may be altered in diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lozovsky, D -- Saller, C F -- Kopin, I J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 27;214(4524):1031-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6458088" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alloxan/pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Insulin/therapeutic use ; Kinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects/*metabolism ; Spiperone/metabolism ; Streptozocin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: Leucine catabolism is regulated by either of the first two degradative steps: (reversible) transamination to the keto acid or subsequent decarboxylation. A method is described to measure rates of leucine transamination, reamination, and keto acid oxidation. The method is applied directly to humans by infusing the nonradioactive tracer, L-[15N,1-13C]leucine. Leucine transamination was found to be operating several times faster than the keto acid decarboxylation and to be of equal magnitude in adult human males under two different dietary conditions, postabsorptive and fed. These results indicate that decarboxylation, not transamination, is the rate-limiting step in normal human leucine metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matthews, D E -- Bier, D M -- Rennie, M J -- Edwards, R H -- Halliday, D -- Millward, D J -- Clugston, G A -- AM-25994/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HD-10667/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR-00954/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1129-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Carbon Isotopes ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Leucine/*metabolism ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Nitrogen Isotopes ; Oxidation-Reduction
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 1982-06-18
    Description: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance of intact Friend leukemia cells was used to analyze their erythroid-like differentiation. The technique, which requires only 10(3) to 10(9) cells and approximately 2 minutes for acquisition of each spectrum, demonstrated the occurrence of many signal changes during differentiation. With cell extracts, 64 signals were assigned to 12 amino acids and 19 other intermediary metabolites, and a dramatic signal change was attributed to a fourfold increase in cytoplasmic phosphorylcholines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Agris, P F -- Campbell, I D -- 1-F33-GM07826/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 1-FOG-TW00440/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 18;216(4552):1325-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Choline/*analogs & derivatives ; Kinetics ; Leukemia, Experimental/*physiopathology ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mice ; Phosphorylcholine/*analysis
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1982-07-02
    Description: Research on the early development of the sea urchin offers new insights into the process of embryogenesis. Maternal messenger RNA stored in the unfertilized egg supports most of the protein synthesis in the early embryo, but the structure of maternal transcripts suggests that additional functions are also possible. The overall developmental patterns of transcription and protein synthesis are known, and current measurements describe the expression of specific genes, including the histone genes, the ribosomal genes, and the actin genes. Possible mechanisms of developmental commitment are explored for regions of the early embryo that give rise to specified cell lineages, such as the micromere-mesenchyme cell lineage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davidson, E H -- Hough-Evans, B R -- Britten, R J -- GM20927/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD05753/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR00986/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 2;217(4554):17-26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6178156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/genetics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blastocyst/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; Female ; Fertilization ; Gastrula/physiology ; Histones/genetics ; Kinetics ; Larva/physiology ; Polyribosomes/metabolism ; RNA/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics ; Sea Urchins/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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