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  • Immunocytochemistry  (411)
  • Springer  (411)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (262)
  • 1980-1984  (149)
  • 1940-1944
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (411)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Annual Reviews
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (23)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microfilaments (F-actin) in generative cells and sperm: an evaluation (1992)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 5 (1992), S. 89-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Actin ; Cytoskeleton ; Generative cell ; Immunocytochemistry ; Microtubule ; Mitosis ; Phragmoplast ; Pollen ; Rhodamine phalloidin ; Sperm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Disagreement has arisen over the presence of actin-containing microfilaments (Mfs) in angiosperm generative cells and sperm (GSP). In order to address this issue, we subjected GSP of Tradescantia virginiana, Nicotiana tabacum and Rhododendron laetum to a series of localizations using different antiactins, rhodamine phalloidin and antimyosin. Coordinate staining with antitubulin and Hoechst 33258 defined the status of the microtubule (Mt) cytoskeleton and stages of generative cell division. Additional experiments utilized cytochalasin D (CD). In no instance could Mfs be detected in GSP of the three species. Instead, Mfs seen at the periphery of GSP appear to be continuous with vegetative Mfs and thus are in the vegetative cytoplasm. Mfs are not seen in the constriction zone of dividing T. virginiana generative cells, nor are they indicated in the phragmoplast of N. tabacum and R. laetum. Myosin localizations reveal punctate staining in the vegetative cytoplasm and a thin line of fluorescence around the the outside of the generative cell. While CD seems to delay generative cell division, cytokinesis still takes place. CD-induced Mf fragments are evident in the vegetative cytoplasm but not in GSP. The weight of evidence therefore indicates that GSP do not contain Mfs. The implications of this conclusion for the behavior of GSP and the mechanism of cytokinesis in dividing generative cells are considerable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194867
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence and expression of acid phosphatase of Hymenoscyphus ericae (Read) Korf & Kernan, in isolation or associated with plant roots (1992)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 1 (1992), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Ericaceae ; Mycorrhizal fungi ; Acid phosphatase ; Protein expression ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The activity of acid phosphatase produced in pure culture by the endomycorrhizal fungus Hymenoscyphus ericae (Read) Korf & Kernan (H. ericae LPA 2) was inhibited by high phosphorus levels, alkaline pH, fluoride, molybdate and mannosidase, and activated by concanavalin A. Over 80% of the enzyme activity was due to two wall-bound acid phosphatase isozymes with the characteristics of mannose-rich glycoproteins. Antiserum was raised against the major, low-molecular-weight wall isozyme and its activity tested by immunoblotting and ELISA. The antiserum cross reacted 100% with exocellular (excreted) and 28% with cytoplasmic cellular fractions of H. ericae (LPA 2) cultures, and showed high reactivity with other strains of H. ericae but not with fungal isolates from Erica hispidula L. or E. mauritanica L. Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase by cytoenzymology and indirect immunogold labelling confirmed its association with the fungal wall in pure culture and showed that the influence of a high phosphorus level, fluoride and molybdate is through inactivation of the enzyme. Intense acid phosphatase activity, sensitive to the latter inhibitors, was also present on external hyphae growing over a host or non-host root but it was weak or absent from intracellular hyphae where these developed within a host root. Indirect immunolabelling confirmed that this acid phosphatase was of fungal origin and that the specific inhibitory effect of host cells is due to inactivation of the enzyme rather than repression of its synthesis. Possible implications of fungal acid phosphatase in ericoid endomycorrhizal infection processes are discussed together with mechanisms that may be regulating the enzyme activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203287
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptidergic motoneurons in the buccal ganglia of Aplysia californica Immunocytochemical, morphological, and physiological characterizations (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1991), S. 323-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Aplysia ; Motoneurons ; Immunocytochemistry ; Small cardioactive peptides ; Facilitation ; Depression ; Buccal ; Feeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We used physiological recordings, intracellular dye injections and immunocytochemistry to further identify and characterize neurons in the buccal ganglia of Aplysia calif ornica expressing Small Cardioactive Peptide-like immunoreactivity (SCP-LI). Neurons were identified based upon soma size and position, input from premotor cells B4 and B5, axonal projections, muscle innervation patterns, and neuromuscular synaptic properties. SCP-LI was observed in several large ventral neurons including B6, B7, B9, B10, and B11, groups of s1 and s2 cluster cells, at least one cell located at a branch point of buccal nerve n2, and the previously characterized neurons B1, B2 and B15. B6, B7, B9, B10 and B11 are motoneurons to intrinsic muscles of the buccal mass, each displaying a unique innervation pattern and neuromuscular plasticity. Combined, these motoneurons innervate all major intrinsic buccal muscles (I1/I3, I2, I4, I5, I6). Correspondingly, SCP-LI processes were observed on all of these muscles. Innervation of multiple nonhomologous buccal muscles by individual motoneurons having extremely plastic neuromuscular synapses, represents a unique form of neuromuscular organization which is prevalent in this system. Our results show numerous SCPergic buccal motoneurons with widespread ganglionic processes and buccal muscle innervation, and support extensive use of SCPs in the control of feeding musculature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198352
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of reserve protein in the endoplasmic reticulum of developing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cotyledons (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 150 (1980), S. 419-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cotyledons ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Ferritin labeling ; Immunocytochemistry ; Phaseolus ; Protein (reserve) ; Reserve protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of the storage parenchyma cells of the cotyledons of developing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds was examined in ultrathin frozen sections of specimens fixed in a mixture of glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and acrolein, infused with 1 M sucrose, and sectioned at-80° C. Ultrastructural preservation was excellent and the various subcellular organelles could readily be identified in sections which had been stained with uranyl acetate and embedded in Carbowax and methylcellulose. The cells contained large protein bodies, numerous long endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, mitochondria, dictyosomes, and electron-dense vesicles ranging in size from 0.2 to 1.0 μm. Indirect immunolabelling using rabbit immunoglobulin G against purified phaseolin (7S reserve protein), and ferritin-conjugated goat immunoglobulin G against rabbit immunoglobulin G was used to localize phaseolin. With a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml of anti-phaseolin immunoglobin G, heavy labeling with ferritin particles was observed ober the protein bodies, the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, and the vesicles. The same structures were lightly labeled when the concentration of the primary antigen was 0.02 mg/ml. Ferritin particles were also found over the Golgi bodies. The absence of ferritin particles from other organelles such as mitochondria and from areas of cytoplasm devoid of organelles indicated the specificity of the staining, especially at the lower concentration of anti-phaseolin immunoglobulin G.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390179
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the cellular localization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Sorghum leaves (1981)
    Springer
    Planta 151 (1981), S. 226-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; (PEP carboxylase) ; PEP carboxylase ; Sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The localization of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.3.1.) in the leaf cells of Sorghum vulgare was investigated by using three techniques: the conventional aqueous and non aqueous methods gave conflicting results; the immunocytochemical techniques clearly showed that the enzyme is predominantly located in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395173
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opsin localization and chromophore retinoids identified within the basal brain of the lizard Anolis carolinensis (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 172 (1993), S. 33-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Photoreception ; Extraretinal Photoreceptor ; Chromophore ; Opsin ; Reptile ; Immunocytochemistry ; HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since the beginning of this century evidence has accumulated which demonstrates that non-mammalian vertebrates possess photoreceptors situated deep within the brain. While many attempts have been made to localize these sensory cells, studies have either failed or been inconclusive. In this report we have used several experimental approaches to localize the deep brain photoreceptors of the lizard Anolis carolinensis. Using 3 antibodies that bind vertebrate cone opsins, we have immunolabelled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons located at the ventricular border within the nucleus ventromedialis of the septum. Western blot analysis indicates that these antibodies recognized a single 40 kD protein in ocular, anterior brain, and pineal extracts. Immunoblots of rodent brain did not show a similar protein band. We have also identified specific retinoids associated with phototransduction (11-cis and all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinaldehyde) within anterior brain extracts. This combined data provides the most detailed analysis of deep brain photoreceptors in any vertebrate. Consequently, we feel Anolis provides an excellent model to study this unexplored sensory system of the vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214713
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of an egg-laying hormone-binding protein from the gonad of Aplysia californica and its localization in oocytes (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 173 (1993), S. 475-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Egg laying hormone ; Aplysia ; Binding protein ; Immunocytochemistry ; Reproductive system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A protein solubilized from a membrane preparation of the gonad of Aplysia californica has been isolated by affinity chromatography, using bag cell egg-laying hormone (ELH) as the bound ligand, and partially purified and characterized by gel electrophoresis. The protein has an apparent molecular weight of 52 kDa and consists of two disulfide-linked subunits of about 30 kDa each. The protein is glycosylated and has an acidic pI. Approximately 10–15 μg of this protein can be isolated from a single ovotestis, representing less than 1% of the total protein in the gonad; but the protein could not be detected in buccal mass or body wall, tissues which do not have apparent response to ELH. Antibodies generated against this ELH-binding protein (ELHBP) were used to localize sites in the ovotestis which might contain this molecule and thus represent targets for egg-laying hormone. Immunocytochemical results indicate that the oocytes are a rich source of this protein, since their cytoplasm was the only detectable site of immunoreactivity. Whether this binding protein represents an egg-laying hormone receptor is uncertain, but its prevalence in oocytes suggests that ELH plays a signaling role on these gametes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193520
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical identification of androgen receptor in mouse osteoclast-like multinucleated cells (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 325-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Androgen Receptor ; Osteoclast ; Mouse ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Expression of androgen receptor (AR) in mouse osteoclast-like multi-nucleated cells (OCs) was examined with immunocytochemical techniques. Murine OCs were obtained by co-culturing mouse osteoblastic cells and bone marrow cells. Three preparations of polyclonal anti-AR antibody which were raised in rabbit against different parts of the human AR were employed for the experiments. Specific staining for AR was demonstrated in the nuclei and the perinuclear area of mouse OCs. This is the first report demonstrating the presence of AR in osteoclast-like cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295958
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Expression of growth hormone receptor by immunocytochemistry in rat molar root formation and alveolar bone remodeling (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 541-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Growth hormone ; Growth hormone receptor ; Odontogenesis ; Bone remodeling ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Growth hormone (GH) may regulate tooth formation and bone remodeling associated with tooth eruption. This study reports the distribution of growth hormone receptor/binding protein in developing rat molars and adjacent alveolar bone by immunocytochemistry using well-characterized anti-growth hormone receptor monoclonal antibodies. These tissues represent an excellent model for studying the ontogenic changes that occur in odontogenic and osteogenic cells, as these cells are found in linear arrays displaying the various stages of morphological and functional differention, and differentiated function. Immunoreactivity was first seen in precementoblasts in contact with the epithelial root sheath, and preodontoblasts. However, growth hormone receptor immunoreactivity was associated primarily with the cytoplasm of odontogenic and osteogenic cells forming their respective matrices. Thus, cementoblasts and odontoblasts at sites of new matrix formation showed intense immunoreactivity whereas cementocytes and mature odontoblasts at later stages of tooth development were nonreactive. Osteoblasts engaged in intramembranous ossification in the alveolar bone were positive, although osteocytes and endosteal cells were immunonegative. Osteoclasts at sites of alveolar bone remodeling resorption were also immunopositive. These patterns of receptor expression parallel the ontogenic sequences of odontogenic and osteogenic cells and suggest that GH promotes the functional state of these cells. Our results also imply that GH may influence differentiation or differentiated functions associated with odontogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone remodeling independent of systemic insulin-like GF-I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582170
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical location of vitellin in the egg of the silkworm,Bombyx mori, during early developmental stages (1983)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Vitellin ; Yolk granule ; Yolk protein ; Silkworm ; Embryogenesis ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Vitellin was purified from eggs of the silkworm,Bombyx mori, by a new method in which vitellin was extracted from isolated yolk granules. The purified vitellin had a molecular weight of 540,000. An antibody against purified vitellin was prepared in rabbits. It reacted with the hemolymph vitellogenin as well as with purified vitellin, but not with other proteins in the hemolymph or in the extract from yolk granules. The anti-vitellin IgG was used to immunocytochemically locate vitellin in theBombyx non-diapause egg during early developmental stages. In the egg, just after oviposition, vitellin was located in internal yolk granules and in small yolk granules of the periplasm. During the early developmental stages studied, vitellin was not metabolized uniformly throughout the egg. The vitellin of the internal yolk granules located at the posterior-dorsal part and of the small peripheral yolk granules was utilized in 16 h and 2 days, respectively, after oviposition. A thin, very vitellin-poor layer was located between the periplasm and the vitellin-rich interior in the newly laid egg. it was always in close contact with the periphery where blastoderm and germ-band cells developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848679
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  • 11
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    Immunocytochemical and electrophoretic studies on the localization of the major haemolymph proteins (ceratitins) inCeratitis capitata during development (1984)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 194 (1984), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Major haemolymph proteins ; Development ; Cuticle ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ceratitis capitata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The developmental profile of the major haemolymph proteins (ceratitins) inCeratitis capitata was studied. Ceratitin concentration in the haemolymph decreases dramatically during the last days of pupal life, while the amounts of ceratitins in whole organism extracts remain unchanged. By electrophoretic, immunological and immunofluorescence techniques it was revealed that ceratitins are reabsorbed by the fat body and a fraction of them is deposited in the cuticle. The possible role of ceratitins is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848952
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The egg-jelly macromolecule, a fucose sulphate glycoconjugate, originates from the accessory cells of the ovary in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (1992)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 201 (1992), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Sea urchin ; Jelly coat ; Accessory cell ; Oogenesis ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The immunocytochemical localization of the egg-jelly macromolecule, a fucose sulphate glycoconjugate (FSG) that induces the acrosome reaction in spermatozoa, was investigated in ovaries of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus by use of a polyclonal antibody. The polyclonal antibody reacted with the accessory cells and oocytes in the ovarian lumen. In the accessory cells, evidence of an intense immunohistochemical reaction was observed in many globules of variable density. Products of the specific immunohistochemical reaction were frequently observed in the surface region of oocytes, at a distance from the ovarian wall. At the ultrastructural level, the polyclonal antibody was found to react with the material present in the vacuole-like structures of the globules in the accessory cells. Many gold particles, demonstrating specific immunolabelling, were associated with well-developed microvilli on the vitellogenic oocytes. In the mature oocytes, intense labelling was observed in the jelly coat but not in the vitelline coat. By contrast, oogonia and early oocytes were barely labelled. Quantitative data indicated that the extent of immunolabellings in the surface region of oocytes was very high in the vitellogenic and mature oocytes. In all cases, neither the oocyte cytoplasm nor the subcellular organelles were labelled. These results suggest that FSG is produced by the accessory cells and is deposited initially on the surface of vitellogenic oocytes for the formation of jelly. These findings may provide a new insight into the role of the accessory cells in the reproductive process of the sea urchin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188717
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  • 13
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    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variations in the production of the egg-jelly macromolecule, a fucose sulphate glycoconjugate, by the accessory cells in the ovary of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (1994)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 203 (1994), S. 402-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Sea urchin ; Egg jelly ; Ovary ; Development ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, the egg-jelly macromolecule, a fucose sulphate glycoconjugate (FSG) that induces the acrosome reaction in spermatozoa, originates from the accessory cells in the ovary. In the present study we examined the seasonal variations in the distribution of FSG in the ovary by immunocytochemistry with a polyclonal antibody. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that FSG was present in supernatants of extracts of ovaries throughout the development of the ovary. However, the immunohistochemical study showed that there are marked seasonal changes in the distribution of FSG in ovaries. The polyclonal antibody reacted strongly with globules of accessory cells before the beginning of the breeding season (August to December). During the breeding season (February to April), the immunohistochemical reaction was found on the surface of oocytes but was weak in the accessory cells. At the ultrastructural level, the antibody reacted with globules of variable density in accessory cells. Intense immunolabelling was observed in the vacuole-like structures of the globules. Sometimes, products of the specific immunocytochemical reaction were found in the Golgi apparatus in these globules. Quantitative examination indicated that FSG was actively produced by the accessory cells from the late non-breeding season to the pre-breeding season. These results suggest that there are marked seasonal variations in the production of FSG by the accessory cells in the sea urchin ovary. These findings also provide new evidence that accessory cells exhibit dynamic changes during the reproductive process in the sea urchin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188689
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  • 14
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    Electronic Resource
    Circadian photoreception in the retinally degenerate mouse (rd/rd) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1991), S. 39-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Photoreception ; Retinally degenerate ; Mouse ; Circadian ; Rods ; Cones ; 11-cis retinaldehyde ; Immunocytochemistry ; HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have examined the effects of light on circadian locomotor rhythms in retinally degenerate mice (C57BL/6J mice homozygous for the rd allele: rd/rd). The sensitivity of circadian photoreception in these mice was determined by varying the irradiance of a 15 min light pulse (515 nm) given at circadian time 16 and meauring the magnitude of the phase shift of the locomotor rhythm. Experiments were performed on animals 80 days of age. Despite the loss of visual photoreceptors in the rd/rd retina, animals showed circadian responses to light that were indistinguishable from mice with normal retinas (rd/+ and +/+). While no photoreceptor outersegments were identified in the retina of rd/rd animals (80–100 days of age), we did identify a small number of perikarya that were immunoreactive for cone opsins, and even fewer cells that contained rod opsin. Using HPLC, we demonstrated the presence and photoisomerization of the rhodopsin chromophore 11-cis retinaldehyde. The rd/rd retinas contained about 2% of 11-cis retinaldehyde found in +/+ retinas. We have yet to determine whether the opsin immunoreactive perikarya or some other unidentified cell type mediate circadian light detection in the rd/rd retina.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198171
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  • 15
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    Periplasmic location of nitrous oxide reductase and its apoform in denitrifying Pseudomonas stutzeri (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 157 (1992), S. 218-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Denitrification ; N2O reductase ; Nitrite reductase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Localization ; Two-dimensional electrophoresis ; Cell fractionation ; Pseudomonas stutzeri
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Immunogold labelling techniques on ultrathin sections of low temperature embedded cells yielded evidence for the periplasmic location of the respiratory enzymes N2O reductase and nitrite reductase (cytochrome cd 1) in Pseudomonas stutzeri strain ZoBell. Cell fractionation by spheroplast preparation and two-dimensional electrophoresis showed the absence of a membrane association of these enzymes. Immunocytochemical localization of N2O reductase in a mutant strain deficient in the chromophore of N2O reductase showed the gold label at the cell periphery, indicating that the copper chromophore processing takes place after export of this protein's apoform.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00245153
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  • 16
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    Localization of phytohemagglutinin in the embryonic axis of Phaseolus vulgaris with ultra-thin cryosections embedded in plastic after indirect immunolabeling (1984)
    Springer
    Planta 162 (1984), S. 548-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Lectin (localization) ; Phaseolus (lectin) ; Phytohemagglutinin ; Seed (lectin)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have examined the properties and subcellular localization of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), the major lectin of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris.), in the axis cells of nearly mature and imbibed mature seeds. On a protein basis the axis contained about 15% as much PHA as the cotyledons. Localization of PHA was done with an indirect immunolabeling method (rabbit antibodies against PHA, followed by colloidal gold particles coated with goat antibodies against rabbit immunoglobulins) on ultra-thin cryosections which were embedded in plastic on the grids after the immunolabeling procedure. The embedding greatly improved the visualization of the subcellular structures. The small (4 nm) collodial gold particles, localized with the electron microscope, were found exclusively over small vacuoles or protein bodies in all the cell types examined (cortical parenchyma cells, vascular-bundle cells, epidermal cells). The matrix of these vacuoles-protein bodies appears considerably less dense than that of the protein bodies in the cotyledons, but the results confirm that in all parts of the embryo PHA is localized in similar structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399921
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Effects of aflatoxin B1 on in vitro cultures ofNicotiana tabacum var. Samsun (1994)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 125 (1994), S. 107-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Aflatoxin B1 ; Immunocytochemistry ; Regeneration ; Tissue culture ; Tobacco plantlets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of aflatoxin B1, (0.5–25 µg ml−1) on in vitro root and shoot development in young tobacco explants were investigated. Despite an initial apparent stimulatory effect on most measured parameters at 0.5 µg ml−1 AFB1, the number of leaves, root and leaf mass per plantlet were progressively inhibited with increasing AFB1 concentration. The number of explants developing roots was reduced to 34% at the highest (25 µg ml−1) AFB1 concentration, following 3 weeks exposure to the toxin. Leaf chlorophyll content at this toxin concentration was significantly lower than that measured for control plantlets. Thin layer chromatography confirmed the absorption of AFB1 by the plantlets. Using immunocytochemical techniques, AFB1 was immunolocated predominantly in the vacuoles, the nucleus and the cytoplasm (possibly intravesicularly). The results are discussed in terms of this immunolocation within the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01371099
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  • 18
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    Double labeling of mRNA and protein markers in cultured embryoid bodies (1994)
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 16 (1994), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: Differentiation ; DIG-mRNA ; Embryoid bodies ; ES cell ; Immunocytochemistry ; In situ hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In vitro suspension cultures of embryonal carcinoma or embryonic stem cells (EC/ES) generate cell aggregates termed as embryoid bodies (EBs). EBs have been analyzed to study the mechanisms of cellular differentiation in vitro. The multipotency of EC/ES cells to differentiate into various cell types as well as the expression of many marker genes provides a valuable in vitro model system to study the mechanisms of cellular differentiation. Here we present a procedure for a mRNA detection of a specific gene using double labeling-mRNA probe and an antibody against cellular marker proteins. This double labeling analysis in combination with a culture of EBs provides a useful approach to analyze several mechanisms of cellular differentiation from multipotent EC/ES cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01404831
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  • 19
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    Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pathways and reproductive control in elasmobranchs (1993)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 38 (1993), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Terminal nerve ; Midbrain ; Immunocytochemistry ; Reproduction ; Brain ; Sharks ; Rays ; Skates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Immunoreactive (ir) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is localized in many neurons of the terminal nerve (TN) and midbrain tegmentum, while few ir-cells are observed in the preoptic area and ventral hypothalamus. The paucity of preoptic ir-cells may relate to an unusual feature of the elasmobranch pituitary, i.e. a lack of portal control of gonadotropin-producing cells. TN and midbrain GnRH-ir neurons may be major sources of GnRH used to modulate or otherwise control both pituitary and brain cells via delivery through the systemic circulation. These ir-nuclei also appear to directly innervate CNS regions (the preoptic area, habenula and clasper control area of the spinal cord) involved in sexual functions. Important regulatory mechanisms, represented by interactions between GnRH pathways and sex-steroid concentrating neurons, are likely to occur in the preoptic area, habenula and midbrain tegmentum.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00842917
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    Immunocytochemistry in plants with colloidal gold conjugates (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 121 (1984), S. 25-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Colloidal gold ; Wheat germ agglutinin ; Lectin ; Cryosections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The chitin-binding lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) is found at the periphery of wheat embryos, and a similar lectin is present at the root tips of older plants (Mishkind et al. 1982). Although a ferritin-conjugated secondary antibody is adequate for localizing WGA in embryos, native electron-opaque particles make the electron microscope identification of added label equivocal in other wheat tissues. As reported here, however, unambiguous ultrastructural localization of WGA-like lectin in adult wheat roots can be obtained with rabbit anti-WGA followed by colloidal gold-labeled goat anti-rabbit (GAR) IgG. Colloidal gold (CG) was prepared by the reduction of gold chloride with citrate, ascorbate or phosphorous. GAR IgG, prepared from serum by antigen affinity chromatograhy, was adsorbed to the gold particles to produce a stabilized suspension of GAR-CG. Localization was performed on 8–12 μM frozen sections of tissue fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, 0.3% glutaraldehyde, and 0.75% acrolein in phosphate-buffered saline containing 1M sucrose. Localization with GAR-CG was first compared to that ascertained in embryos using other probes and was then extended to the roots of adult plants. An advantage of the GARCG method is that it permits the visualization of antigen at both the light and electron microscope levels in the same section. At the light level, the anti-WGA-GAR-CG complex appears as a red stain that is localized in specific tissues of embryos and in the caps and outer layers of adult roots. Sections in which lectin was detected at the light microscope level were embedded in plastic and sectioned for subcellular examination. Electron dense gold particles indicative of WGA are found at the periphery of protein bodies in wheat embryos and in vacuoles of the roots of adult plants. Sections incubated with control IgG lack reaction product.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279749
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    Immunocytochemical evidence for the involvement of golgi apparatus in the deposition of seed lectin ofBauhinia purpurea (Leguminosae) (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 121 (1984), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Bauhinia purpurea ; Colloidial gold ; Golgi apparatus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lectin ; Lowicryl K4M ; Protein body
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The seed lectin of the tree legume,Bauhinia purpurea alba, was localized by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. The pattern of lectin deposition and site of intracellular localization was examined in mid- to late-maturation seeds. The seed tissue was embedded in Lowicryl K4M, the use of which with seed tissues is discussed. Immunocytochemical labeling was accomplished with colloidal gold coupled to a second antibody. The immunocytochemical reaction was specific and sensitive. Protein bodies, Golgi apparatus and Golgi secretion vesicles were densely labeled. Golgi apparatus was oriented such that Golgi secretion vesicles were in close proximity to the protein bodies. The entire Golgi apparatus was labeled with no concentration gradient across the Golgi stack. These observations indicate that the final site of lectin deposition is the protein body, and that the Golgi apparatus plays an essential role in the deposition process.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282309
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  • 22
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    Stem cells in microturbellarians (1990)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 158 (1990), S. 109-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Differentiation ; Immunocytochemistry ; [3H]T-autoradiography ; Stem cells ; Turbellaria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A combination of microscopical, immunocytochemical, and autoradiographic techniques were employed to study stem cells and their fates during asexual reproduction and regeneration in two microturbellarians,Microstomum lineare (Macrostomida) andStenostomum leucops (Catenulida). Special attention was paid to the development of the immunoreactivity (IR) to FMRF/RF-amide and 5-HT in differentiating nerve cells. Asexual reproduction inM. lineare andS. leucops occurs by paratomy, i.e., fragmentation after completed differentiation of the new organs. Regeneration, on the other hand, involves a combination of morphallactic and epimorphic processes without the formation of a regeneration blastema. The only cells incorporating tritiated thymidine ([3H]T) were the mesenchymal and gastrodermal neoblasts, which proliferate continuously replenishing the population of stem cells available for growth, asexual reproduction and regeneration. These proliferative cells occurred in two ultrastructurally different forms, differing from each other only by the presence or absence of ciliar basal bodies in the cytoplasm. Few differentiated cells were labeled in the head piece after completed regeneration. A greater amount of labeled differentiated cells were, however, observed postpharyngeally in the first zooid as well as in zooids having developed during the same time (i.e., 20–45 h after the treatment with [3H]T). Furthermore, many labeled cells were still undifferentiated at that time or just in the beginning of the differentiation process. It can therefore be concluded that neoblasts function both as reserve cells and as functional stem cells for all differentiated cell types in these worms. IR to FMRF/RF-amide neuropeptides was not observed in nerve cells differentiating from neoblasts until the occurrence of dense-core vesicles in their cytoplasm. Due to methodological difficulties only weak or no IR to 5-HT could be traced in the nervous system of the asexual and regenerating worms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01323123
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    Freeze fracture immunocytochemistry of light-harvesting pigment complexes in a cryptophyte (1992)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 170 (1992), S. 166-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cryptophytes ; Chloroplasts ; Light-harvesting complexes ; Phycoerythrin ; Chlorophylla/c 2 ; Immunocytochemistry ; Freeze ; fracture labelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical techniques using colloidal gold as the marker have been used to examine the location of the two light harvesting pigment-protein complexes in cryptophyte chloroplasts. A comparison of post-embedding thin section labelling and freeze fracture labelling has been carried out onRhodomonas salina using polyclonal antibodies to a chlorophylla/c 2 light-harvesting complex, phycoerythrin and the β-subunit of phycoerythrin. The effect of different fixation procedures on the intensity of labelling and ac curacy of antigen location have been examined and the effectiveness of uranyl acetate and tannic acid in improving both the preservation of thylakoid structure and labelling density of phycoerythrin has been demonstrated. Freeze fracture labelling gives better spatial res olution of the different antigens than post-embedding labelling, as well as better definition of thylakoid membranes. It confirms the location of phycoerythrin in the thylakoid lumen and the location of the chlorophylla/c 2 LHC in both appressed and unappressed thylakoid membranes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01378791
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    Evidence of DNA replication in an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in the absence of the host plant (1993)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 176 (1993), S. 100-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Bromodeoxyuridine ; Immunocytochemistry ; DNA synthesis ; Cell cycle ; In vitro culture ; Gigaspora margarita
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This study provides evidence thatGigaspora margarita replicates its nuclear DNA, even in the absence of a host plant. Three experimental approaches were used: (i) static cytofluorimetry to quantify the DNA content, (ii) pulse treatments with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), which is an analogue of thymidine, to reveal nuclei undergoing DNA synthesis, and (iii) ultrastructural observations to study changes in chromatin morphology during the fungal cell cycle. A slight second peak of approximately twice the value of a major peak was found by cytofluorimetry, showing that a small number of nuclei had entered in cycle during in vitro development. Nuclei which had incorporated BrdU were observed after pulses of 24 h; nuclei with condensed chromatin were also apparent at this time. The results demonstrate thatG. margarita has all the metabolic pathways needed to replicate its nuclear DNA even in the absence of the host, suggesting that more complex mechanisms inhibit the extended growth in vitro of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01378945
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    Immunocytochemical localization of nuclear antigens in the unicellular green alga,Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, processed by cryofixation and freeze-substitution (1991)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 165 (1991), S. 189-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Chlamydomonas ; Cryofixation ; Freeze-substitution ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nuclear proteins ; Nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We describe the preparation of monoclonal antibodies to nuclear antigens in the green alga,Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and their localization at the light and electron microscope level. Supernatants from hybridomas were screened by the ELISA method and the four antibodies giving the strongest signal were subjected to further analysis. At the LM level immunogold silver staining was used on semi-thick resinless sections. We have examined at the EM level the distribution of these antigens by post-embedding immunocytochemical techniques on sections of conventionally fixed specimens compared to cryofixed and freeze-substituted ones. Enhanced ultrastructural preservation was observed in cells which were cryofixed, freeze-substituted and embedded at −35°C in Lowicryl K4M. Different preparative procedures involving cryofixation and substitution are described. Of the four antibodies three were localized under light and electron microscopy. All three were distributed in the interchromatin space. One of these antigens (QUL4D2, 54 kDa) is also found in the dense fibrillar component and fibrillar centers of the nucleolus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01322289
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    Immunogold localization of light-harvesting and photosystem I complexes in the thylakoids ofFucus serratus (Phaeophyceae) (1992)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 166 (1992), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Fucus ; Light-harvesting complex ; Photosystem I complex ; Thylakoids ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The repartition of light-harvesting complex (LHC) and photosystem I (PS I) complex has been examined in isolated plastids ofFucus serratus by immunocytochemical labelling. LHC is distributed equally all along the length of thylakoid membranes, without any special repartition in the appressed membranes of the three associated thylakoids ofFucus. PS I is present on all the thylakoid membranes, but the external membranes of the three associated thylakoids are largely enriched relatively to the inner ones. This specific repartition of PSI on non-appressed membranes can be compared to the localization of PSI on stroma thylakoid membranes of higher plants and green algae. Consequently, although they share some common features with those of higher plants and green algae, the appressions of thylakoids in brown algae has neither the same structure nor the same functional role as typical grana stacked membranes in the repartition of the harvested energy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01320148
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    Localization and characterization of pectic polysaccharides in roots and root nodules ofCeanothus spp. during intercellular infection byFrankia (1991)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 163 (1991), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Polygalacturonan ; Pectin ; Methyl esterification ; Extracellular matrix ; Frankia ; Ceanothus ; Root nodule ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary During early stages of nodule development inCeanothus spp., theFrankia infection pathway is characterized by a distinctive host-derived extracellular matrix. In the present study, a major component of the host interface is shown to consist of pectic polysaccharides. The distribution of these pectic polysaccharides in developing nodules has been delineated in root and nodule tissue. The levels of polygalacturonic acid detected were extremely high in the root mucilage and in the intercellular infection matrix in the root cortex, as detected by indirect immunogold localization with an antibody, and with fluorescein-conjugated alginate and pectate probes. Polygalacturonans in the intercellular matrix and in nodule tissue were predominantly esterified. The non-esterified polygalacturonans were located in cell junctions. Within the infected nodule cortical cells, (poly)galacturonate content of the interfacial encapsulation surrounding theFrankia endosymbiont was very high, while the cell walls were not labeled above background, suggesting that the encapsulation is a specialized wall layer.
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    The tubulin cytoskeleton and its sites of nucleation in hyphal tips ofAllomyces macrogynus (1994)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 182 (1994), S. 19-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Allomyces macrogynus ; Hyphal tip growth ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunoblot ; Microtubules ; Nocodazole ; Spitzenkörper
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The tubulin cytoskeleton in hyphal tip cells ofAllomyces macrogynus was detected with an α-tubulin monoclonal antibody and analyzed with microscopic and immunoblot techniques. The α-tubulin antibody identified a 52 kilodalton polypeptide band on immunoblots. Immunfluorescence data were collected from formaldehyde-and cryofixed hyphae. Both methods provided similar images of tubulin localization. However, cryofixation yielded more consistent labeling and did not require detergent extraction or cell-wall lytic treatments. Tubulin was primarily localized as microtubules observed in the peripheral and central cytoplasmic regions and in mitotic spindles. Cytoplasmic microtubules were oriented parallel to the cells' longitudinal axis, with central microtubules more often varied in their alignment, and emanated from a region in the hyphal apex resulting in an apical zone of bright fluorescence. A thin layer of microtubules appearing as bands of fluorescence encircled many nuclei. Discrete spots of fluorescence were also associated with nuclei. The MPM-2 antibody, which recognizes phosphorylated epitopes of several proteins that may be involved in the regulation of microtubule nucleation, stained centrosomes but not apical regions of hyphae. Nocodazole was used to depolymerize the microtubule network and reveal its regions of origin. A hocodazole concentration of 0.01 μg/ ml (3.3× 10−8M) provided a 70 to 75% inhibition of hyphal tip growth and was used throughout this study. The number of cells having an apical zone of fluorescence declined by 15 min of exposure. This zone was present in only a few cells after 60 min. After 30 min, the central cytoplasm consisted of small microtubule fragments and nuclear-associated spots. A small number of peripheral microtubules and nuclear-associated spots persisted throughout nocodazole treatments. Spindle microtubules were restored by 30 min after removal of nocodazole. This was followed by the reappearance of the apical zone of fluorescence and then by central and peripheral cytoplasmic microtubules. Apical fluorescence coincided with the presence of a Spitzenkörper. The results suggest that the Spitzenkörper and centrosome function as centers of microtubule nucleation and organization during hyphal tip growth in this fungus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403685
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    RuBisCo activase is present in the pyrenoid of green algae (1991)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 162 (1991), S. 38-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Green algae ; Immunocytochemistry ; Pyrenoid ; RuBisCo ; RuBisCo activase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary RuBisCo activase catalyzes the activation and maintains the activated state of the photosynthetic enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo, EC 4.1.1.39). We employed antisera prepared against the RuBisCo holoenzyme purified from tobacco and RuBisCo activase isolated from spinach to determine the localization of these proteins in leaves of C3-type higher plants and green algae. In leaves ofVicia faba, both RuBisCo activase and RuBisCo are distributed throughout the chloroplast stroma. In contrast, RuBisCo activase and RuBisCo are predominantly localized to the pyrenoid in the green algaeChlamydomonas reinhardtii andColeochaete scutata. The co-immunolocalization of RuBisCo activase and RuBisCo to the pyrenoid in these two green algal species suggests that pyrenoid-localized RuBisCo is catalytically competent. We conclude that the pyrenoid functions as a unique metabolic compartment of the chloroplast in which the reactions of the photosynthetic carbon reduction pathway are initiated.
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    The formation of aplastidic abscission (tmema) cells and protonemal disruption in the mossBryum tenuisetum Limpr. is associated with transverse arrays of microtubules and microfilaments (1993)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 174 (1993), S. 158-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Abscission ; Actin filaments ; Cytokinesis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Microtubules ; Moss protonema ; Preprophase band
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When grown on nutrient agar, protonemata ofBryum tenuisetum produce aerial filaments containing several abscission or tmema cells (TC). Basipetal migration of the nucleus and some of the chloroplasts signals the onset of TC formation. This is followed by the creation of a plastid-free zone at the base of the mother cell. The ensuing cytokinesis produces a very short aplastidic TC. This expands without the deposition of new wall material. Eventually the wall ruptures around the equator thus disrupting the protonemal filament. The site of wall breakdown is marked by a narrow band of cortical cytoplasm containing colocalized circumferential rings of actin filaments and microtubules. A transverse band of microtubules appears at the extreme basal end of the tmema mother cell. This band, which is not colocalized with actin filaments, migrates distally over the surface of the nucleus. Intimate spatial and developmental correlations suggest that this transverse array of the microtubules has a key role in excluding plastids from the TC. It is therefore considered not to be homologous with a preprophase band.
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    Structural and immunocytochemical characterization of microtubule organizing centers in pteridophyte spermatogenous cells (1994)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 179 (1994), S. 46-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Blepharoplast ; Gamma tubulin ; Microtubule organizing centers ; Multilayered structure ; Pteridophyte spermatid ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary During the development of the spermatogenous cells, the pteridophyteCeratopteris richardii produces three structurally well-defined microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). The blepharoplast, a spherical body that occurs during the last two spermatogenous divisions, organizes two microtubule (MT) arrays, one associated with a nuclear indentation and the other that organizes the spindle apparatus for the final divisions. After the last spermatogenous division, the blepharoplast reorganizes to produce two new putative MTOCs: the lamellar strip (LS) of the multilayered structure (MLS), which apparently organizes the spline microtubule array, and an amorphous zone (AM), that connects the basal bodies. Thin and semi-thin sections of this tissue were probed with antisera which recognize MTOCs in lower eukaryotes and animals to determine if any of these structures contain MTOC-associated proteins or epitopes recognized by monoclonal antisera. Gamma tubulin antibodies, which recognizeonly the minus ends of MTs in mammalian cells, label along the MT in all arrays found in the pteridophyte spermatogenous cells. Kinetochore MTs are unlabelled near the kinetochore, however. The monoclonal antibodies MPM-2 and C-9, that recognize centrosomal and nuclear epitopes in mammalian cells, label the interphase nucleus, the cytoplasm of mitotic cells, and the blepharoplast during both nuclear indentation and spindle formation. Double labelling of the blepharoplast-containing cells with anti-tubulin and either MPM-2 or C-9 reveals that the blepharoplast-associated fluorescence is the focus of the tubulin arrays. Centrin labels the reorganizing blepharoplast, the MLS, the AM, and a stellate pattern in the transition region of the flagella. These data indicate the usefulness of the structurally well-recognized MTOCs in pteridophyte spermatogenous cells in investigation of land plant MTOCs.
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    Cell surface antigens ofPhytophthora spores: biological and taxonomic characterization (1994)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 181 (1994), S. 213-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Oomycetes ; Pythium ; Phytophthora ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Surface antigens ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The oomycetes are a class of protists that produce biflagellate asexual zoospores. Members of the oomycetes have close phylogenetic affinities with the chromophyte algae and are widely divergent from the higher fungi. This review focuses on two genera,Phytophthora andPythium, which belong to the family Pythiaceae, and the order Peronosporales. These two genera contain many species that cause serious diseases in plants. Molecules on the surface of zoospores and cysts of these organisms are likely to play crucial roles in the infection of host plants. Knowledge of the properties of the surface of these cells should thus help increase our understanding of the infection process. Recent studies ofPhytophthora cinnamomi andPythium aphanidermatum have used lectins to analyse surface carbohydrates and have generated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed towards a variety of zoospore and cysts surface components. Labelling studies with these probes have detected molecular differences between the surface of the cell body and of the flagella of the zoospores. They have been used to follow changes in surface components during encystment, including the secretion of an adhesive that bonds the spores to the host surface. Binding of lectin and antibody probes to the surface of living zoospores can induce encystment, giving evidence of cell receptors involved in this process. Freeze-substitution and immunolabelling studies have greatly augmented our understanding of the synthesis and assembly of the zoospore surface during zoosporogenesis. Synthesis of a variety of zoospore components begins when sporulation is induced. Cleavage of the multinucleate sporangium is achieved through the progressive extension of partitioning membranes, and a number of surface antigens are assembled onto the zoospore surface during cleavage. Comparisons of antibody binding to many isolates and species ofPhytophthora andPythium have revealed that surface components on zoospores and cysts exhibit a range of taxonomic specificities. Surface antigens or epitopes may occur on only a few isolates of a species; they may be species-specific, genus-specific or occur on the spores of both genera. Spore surface antigens thus promise to be of significant value for studies of the taxonomy and phylogeny of these protists, as well as for disease diagnosis.
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    Functional morphology of the neuropeptidergic light-yellow-cell system in pulmonate snails (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 531-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Light yellow neuropeptidergic cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Blood pressure regulation ; Pulmonata ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Helix aspersa (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The light yellow neuropeptidergic cell system of the basommatophoran snail Lymnaea stagnalis is homologous to the R3-R14 system of the opisthobranch Aplysia californica, and produces three different neuropeptides. Systems homologous to the light yellow cells of Lymnaea stagnalis have been investigated morphologically in two Basommatophora (Lymnaea ovata, Bulinus truncatus) and three Stylommatophora (Helix aspersa, Cepaea nemoralis, Deroceras reticulatum). To this end, an antibody to synthetic light-yellow-cell peptide-II and oligonucleotides to mRNAs encoding parts of peptide-I and peptide-III, were used. The in situ hybridization probes gave negative results. On the other hand, neuronal cell clusters were observed in the central nervous system of all species studied by immunocytochemistry. These clusters were located in the ganglia of the visceral complex. The neurons project axons into all nerves of these ganglia, especially into the pallial nerves, into the connective tissue of the central nervous system, and into the neuropile of various ganglia. The morphology of the systems is similar to that of the light-yellow-cell system of Lymnaea stagnalis. In all species, the wall of the aorta was innervated by immunoreactive axons. Peripheral innervation by the light-yellow-cell system was investigated in Helix aspersa and Deroceras reticulatum. Serial and alternate sections of whole snails were studied. Reconstructions were made of the heart-kidney-lung complex of these animals. In both species, the muscular vessels of the pulmonary system at the right side of the body were strongly innervated by immunoreactive axons. Furthermore, immunopositive innervation was observed to muscles in the secondary ureter-pneumostome area. The light-yellow-cell system of pulmonates is thus probably involved in the regulation of blood pressure and urine release.
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    Development of sensory innervation in chick skin: comparison of nerve fibre and chondroitin sulphate distributions in vivo and in vitro (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 519-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skin ; Development, ontogenetic ; Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan ; Neuritic guidance ; Immunocytochemistry ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In bird skin, nerve fibres develop in the dermis but do not enter the epidermis. In co-cultures of 7-day-old chick embryo dorsal root ganglia and epidermis, the neurites also avoid the epidermis. Previous studies have shown that chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans may be involved. Chondroitin sulphate has therefore been visualized by immunocytochemistry, using themonoclonal antibody CS-56, both in vivo and in vitro using light and electron microscopy. Its distribution was compared to those of 2 other chondroitin sulphate epitopes and to that of the growing nerve fibres. In cultures of epidermis from 7-day-old embryonic chicks, immunoreactivity is found uniformly around the epidermal cells while at 7.5 days the distribution in dermis is heterogeneous, and particularly marked in feather buds. In vivo, chondroitin sulphate immunoreactivity is detected in the epidermis, on the basal lamina, on the surfaces of fibroblasts and along collagen fibrils. This localization is complementary to the distribution of cutaneous nerves. Chondroitin sulphate in the basal lamina could prevent innervation of the epidermis and the dermal heterogeneities could partly explain the nerve fibres surrounding the base of the feathers. Chondroitin sulphate could therefore be important for neural guidance in developing chick skin.
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    Effects of small doses of colchicine on the components of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 809-827 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Neurophysins ; Intra-axonal transport ; Immunocytochemistry ; Colchicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Small doses (3.5 μg and 7 μg) of colchicine injected intracisternally caused an interruption of transport of secretory material from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus to the neural lobe of the pituitary gland. Transport was assessed by direct measurement of the incorporation of [35S] cysteine into neurophysins, by radioimmunoassay of accumulated material in discrete areas of the system and by immunocytochemistry. The larger dose (7 μg) switched off transport completely during the first 24 h but the system began to recover within three to four days. Colchicine had little, if any, effect on synthesis; comparison of the relationships of the apparent amounts of immunoreactive neurophysins and immunoreactive hormones in the arrested product led to the conclusion that processing of the hormone precursors continues within the secretory granules which accumulated in the perikarya.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210464
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    Coexistence of cholecystokinin and oxytocin-neurophysin in some magnocellular hypothalamo-hypophyseal neurons (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 227-231 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Magnocellular neurosecretory system ; Cholecystokinin ; Oxytocin-neurophysin neurons ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neuropeptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The existence of cholecystokinin in the posterior hypophysis and its hypothalamic origin have been unequivocally demonstrated. Immunocytochemical evidence is presented for the coexistence of gastrin-cholecystokinin and oxytocin-neurophysin I immunoreactivities in some magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei both in rat and bovine hypothalamus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216585
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    Cross-reactivity between human and fish pituitary hormones as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 257-267 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Human pituitary hormone antisera ; Platyfish ; Pituitary gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this communication we describe the immunocytochemical cross-reactivity between antisera to various human pituitary hormones and specific hormone producing cell types in the pituitary gland of sexually mature male platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus). Antisera to human pituitary hormones cross-reacted either with cells known to produce corresponding hormones (or hormone subunits) in the platyfish (e.g., ACTH, prolactin, TSH β, LH α, FSH α, TSH α) or with no pituitary cells at all (e.g., LH β, FSH β). The one exception was antiserum to human growth hormone which cross-reacted with MSH and ACTH producing cells. The platyfish pituitary is proposed as a test system for immunocytochemically screening antisera for purity and specificity in order to determine their applicability in particular studies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216730
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    Morphology and immunocytochemistry of the turtle pituitary gland with special reference to the pars tuberalis (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 222 (1982), S. 81-100 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Turtle ; Immunocytochemistry ; Pars tuberalis ; Pituitary ; Hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Examination of pituitaries from young and adult turtles representing four families, reveals that in addition to the abundant juxtaneural pars tuberalis (JuxPT) found in this class of reptiles, there is generally a substantial amount of pars tuberalis (PT) tissue closely associated with the pars distalis (PD). The PT forms a cortical layer especially conspicuous around the anterior tip of the PD in some species (Trionyx, Kinosternon, Sternotherus), or it forms a thick dorsal layer of tissue irregularly extending onto the sides of the PD in others (Pseudemys, Chrysemys, Lepidochelys, Chelonia). Immunocytochemical studies using unlabelled second antibody and peroxidase-antiperoxidase reveal that in turtles of all ages, the PT tissue allied with the PD (the PTinterna) is composed primarily of cells containing glycoprotein hormones (FSH, LH and TSH), especially the gonadotropins. The juxPT, however, consists mainly of secretory cells unstained by the antisera tested and includes only a small number of gonadotropes and thyrotropes. Although usually widely distributed in the testudinate adenohypophysis, the great majority of gonadotropes and thyrotropes present in the hatchling are in the PTinterna. It is probable that a concentration of these cells in the PTinterna is widespread among vertebrates. In all turtles examined, lactotropes occur principally in the anterior and ventral part of the PD proper; somatotropes are posterior and dorsal. Corticotropes are concentrated as the lactotropes in the anterior PD, but some are also scattered throughout the posterior half of the gland. Lactotropes, corticotropes, and with a few exceptions, somatotropes, do not occur in PT tissue in the turtle.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218290
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    Immunoreactive neuropeptide systems in avian embryos (domestic mallard, domestic fowl, Japanese quail) (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 287-303 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Avian brain ; Endocrine glands ; Avian embryos ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In embryos of the domestic mallard, domestic fowl, and Japanese quail vasotocin-, mesotocin-, luliberin (LHRH)-, met-enkephalin-, cortico- tropin-, and somatostatin-immunoreactive perikarya and fiber formations were visualized at different incubation stages by means of the PAP technique (Sternberger 1979). The most striking results were: (1) Vasotocin-, mesotocin-, and luliberin-immunoreactive systems display, up to the late embryonic period, morphological features most probably related to a neurohormonal function. (2) Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity appears very late during embryonic life; it is restricted to fiber networks and not found in perikarya. (3) Corticotropin immunoreactivity is observed in the tuberal region temporarily at the end of the second and the beginning of the last third of the incubation period. (4) Somatostatin-immunoreactive material is present (i) at the end of the first third of incubation, in association with the olfactory system; (ii) during the same period, adjacent to thin-layered portions of the roof of the brain; (iii) shortly thereafter, in cells of both pancreatic primordia and thyroid gland; and (iv) onward from the middle of the incubation period, in a mesencephalic cell group. The striking difference, in the early embryo, between the mature somatostatin system and the immature character of the surrounding tissues may indicate that somatostatin plays a role in the development of the brain, as well as the pancreas, and the thyroid gland.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01258490
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    Postnatal appearance of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-like material in the pineal gland of the rat (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 223 (1982), S. 695-698 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-like material has been demonstrated in the pineal gland of the adult rat. The objective of the present study was to examine the ontogenetic development of this LHRH-like substance in the rat pineal with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method of Sternberger. LHRH-like immunoreactive material was not observed in pineal glands of newborn rats. The amount of material increased progressively from the 6th–12th day of postnatal development. On day 12, the amount of LHRH-like immunoreactivity was consistent and comparable in all pineal glands of male and female animals examined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218488
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    Distribution of IgM- and IgG-containing cells during the primary immune response in the rat spleen (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 25-31 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen ; Ig-containing cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Germinal center ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology and localisation of IgM- and IgG-containing cells in the spleen of rats immunized with sheep red-blood cells (SRBC) were studied by combining immunohistochemical reactions with routine histological and histochemical methods. It was shown that IgM cells occur only in the outer periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath (PALS), whereas IgG cells are present throughout the whole PALS. It has been concluded that these cell types have different routes of migration. Both IgM- and IgG-containing cells were found in the germinal center in close relation with the extracellular immune complexes. The significance of this localisation is discussed.
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    Effects of steroids on gonadotropic (GTH) cells in the pituitary of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, shortly after hatching (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 361-368 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Steroids ; Pituitary ; Gonadotrops ; Immunocytochemistry ; Teleosts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical reactions with anti-h(uman) TSHβ and anti-c(arp) GTHβ indicate that in juvenile rainbow trout, the dorsal basophils of the proximal pars distalis (ppd) are TSH cells, and that the ventral ones are GTH cells. Small GTH cells first appear in some fish at D(ay) 50 following fertilization (= D17 from hatching), when gonads are still undifferentiated. GTH cells increase greatly in number and size after D100. Contrary to treatment with 11β(OH)androstenedione, addition of methyl testosterone, progesterone and 17α(OH)progesterone stimulate the development of granular GTH cells in rainbow trout, shortly after hatching. It is suggested that steroid receptors in the brain or pituitary discriminate between 11-steroids and other steroids rather than between aromatizable androgens and other steroids.
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    Immunoreactive material resembling vertebrate neuropeptides in the corpus cardiacum and corpus allatum of the insect Leucophaea moderae (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 319-329 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vertebrate-type neuropeptides ; Neuroendocrine system of insects ; Neurosecretion ; Peptidergic neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence and differential distribution of substances antigenically related to known vertebrate neuropeptides demonstrated within the corpus cardiacum of the insect Leucophaea are as follows: Of ten mammalian antisera tested, six yielded substantial immunoreactive deposits resembling oxytocin, somatostatin, Substance P, met-enkephalin, bombesin, and neurotensin, respectively. In the remaining four, the reaction was moderate (vasopressin, β-endorphin) or marginal (LH-RF, calcitonin). With regard to their regional distribution, these biochemically distinct reaction products seem to fall into two groups: (1) Materials resembling oxytocin, vasopressin, met-enkephalin, β-endorphin (and presumably also neurotensin and LH-RF) predominate in the central release area of the organ and are considered to be of extrinsic (cerebral) origin. (2) Substances localized primarily in areas rich in intrinsic glandular cells of the corpus cardiacum, and revealed by antisera raised against somatostatin, Substance P, and bombesin, are judged to be synthesized and stored within this organ. In peptidergic fibers entering the adjacent corpora allata, thus far Substance P-, β-endorphin-, and LH-RF-like immunoreactivities have been demonstrated. Some of these “new” neuropeptides may be contained in classical neurosecretory neurons, formerly identified by less specific methods, others must be assigned to additional peptidergic neurons heretofore unknown.
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of peptidergic cells in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis with an antiserum to the molluscan cardioactive tetrapeptide FMRF-amide (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 347-354 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Cardioactive peptide ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Neurohormone ; Neurotransmitter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary With an antiserum to the molluscan cardioactive tetrapeptide FMRF-amide immunoreactive perikarya and nerve fibers were identified in the central and peripheral nervous system of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Their localization is described. The same antiserum yielded reactive product in particular cells of the epithelium of the alimentary tract. The use of two different fixatives, glutaraldehyde, and a mixture of glutaraldehyde, picric acid, and acetic acid (GPA) showed that certain nerve cells can be identified only in material fixed with either the one or the other of these two fixatives, a result which indicates that in Lymnaea more than one FMRF-amide-like substance may occur. “Positive” axon endings were found in the periphery of various nerves, i.e., in places where neurohormones are released into the blood. Other fibers were found to end, probably synaptically, on other neurons, on epithelial cells in the stomach, and between muscle cells in various parts of the body, e.g., in the heart. In these cases the FMRF-amide-like substance may function as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator.
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    Localization of pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-like immunoreactivity in the central and visceral nervous systems of the cockroach Periplaneta (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 227 (1982), S. 1-9 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-like material ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system ; Periplaneta americana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The central and visceral nervous systems of the cockroach Periplaneta americana were studied by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method, with the use of antibody to bovine pancreatic polypeptide (PP). PP-like immunoreactive neuron somata are most numerous in the brain; at least 6 pairs of cell groups occur in clearly defined regions. Three pairs of cells each are also present in the suboesophageal ganglion and the thoracic ganglia, one pair of a single cell each in the first abdominal and the frontal ganglia, and 4 to 6 pairs of single cells in the terminal ganglion. No reactive cells were found in the retrocerebral complex and the second to the fifth abdominal ganglia. The axons containing PP-like immunoreactivity issue many branches that are distributed in the entire brain-retrocerebral complex, ventral cord, and visceral nervous system. PP-like immunoreactive material produced in the brain seems to be transported by three routes: protocerebrum to corpora cardiaca (-allata) through the nervi corporis cardiaci, tritocerebrum to visceral nervous system through frontal commissures, and to ventral cord through circumoesophageal connectives. A possible homology between the mammalian brain-GEP (gastro-enteropancreatic) system and the brain-midgut system of this insect is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206327
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    Immunocytochemical study of luteinizing hormone in the pituitary of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., during its upstream migration (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 225-228 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Adenohypophysis ; Luteinizing hormone (LH) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lamprey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A mammalian-like immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (LH) has been localized in the cytoplasm of cells in the meso-adenohypophysis of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L. Specific staining for LH was absent in other regions of the lamprey pituitary.
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    Immunocytochemical localization of somatostatin and vasotocin in the brain of the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stouti (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 541-550 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Hagfish ; Somatostatin neurons ; Vasotocin neurons ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brain of the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stouti, was studied immunocytochemically using antisera against somatostatin (SRIH), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). SRIH-immunoreactive perikarya were distributed bilaterally in the postoptic nucleus and in the hypothalamic nucleus. Although several short, stained fibers were observed in the vicinity of the perikarya, SRIH-immunoreactivity was not found in the neurohypophysis, nor in other parts of the brain. On the other hand, presumed arginine vasotocin (AVT) perikarya were distributed in an arc-shaped region extending from the posterior part of the preoptic nucleus to the anterior-most end of the hypothalamic nucleus and projected their fibers to the neurohypophysis. Most presumptive AVT perikarya were located close to the paired prehypophysial arteries near the anterior end of the postoptic nucleus. In the neurohypophysis, abundant presumptive AVT-fibers terminated in the posterior dorsal wall, although some fibers terminated in the anterior dorsal wall and only a few fiber endings were found in the ventral wall. No ACTH-positive cells were detected in the hagfish brain or in the pituitary gland.
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    The immunocytochemical localization of pituitary somatotrops in the genus Oncorhynchus using an antiserum to growth hormone of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 693-697 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatotrops ; Oncorhynchus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunodiffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pituitary somatotrops were localized in four species from the genus Oncorhynchus using an antiserum to chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) growth hormone. The antiserum cross-reacted specifically with the acidophils in the caudal pars distalis of all species tested. Corroborative immunodiffusion studies were also conducted with pituitary homogenates from the same species. Immunological identity of the GH molecule was observed for all species tested.
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    Changes in hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic vasopressin content of water-deprived rats (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 99-111 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Vasopression ; Osmotic stress ; RIA ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A correlative radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunocytochemical (ICC) study was carried out on vasopressin (VP) distribution and content in brains of normal and 3-day water-deprived rats. By RIA there were statistically significant differences in brain VP per pg/mg between normal and osmotically stressed specimens in hypothalamus (338.4 versus 134.4), thalamus (4.8 versus 0.9), septum (18.0 versus 3.4), striatum (1.6 versus 0.7) and amygdala (17.3 versus 1.3), but not in other brain regions measured. Pituitary VP decreased from 71.1 to 8.7 ng/mg, and plasma VP rose from 3.6 to 19.3 pg/ml during water deprivation. Application of the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase ICC method of Sternberger to vibratome sections showed that VP-immunoreactivity in dehydrated specimens decreased in perikarya of paraventricular nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus, while intrahypothalamic immunoreactive magnocellular fibers appeared more conspicuous due to proliferation of large Herring bodies. In extrahypothalamic sites VP-immunoreactivity in water-deprived rats was visibly reduced in periventricular thalamus and septum. Thus it is apparent that both intra- and extrahypothalamic VP are affected by osmotic stress, and these results are discussed within the context of current ideas relating to co-activation of neurosecretory cells that project to different sites.
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    Light-microscopic immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin in the developing rat lung (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 113-123 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lung development ; Fibronectin ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the rat lung is a process of continuing morphological change. Indications from work in other mammalian systems suggest that fibronectin may be important in the control of this process. The present study has examined embryonic, neonatal, and adult lung tissue of the rat by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique to demonstrate fibronectin at the light-microscopic level. Positive reaction was observed with anti-fibronectin serum in all stages examined. Control sections treated with pre-immune serum or no primary serum gave negative results in each case. Fibronectin in adult tissue was localized to the alveolar surface and alveolar basal lamina. Neonatal tissue showed fibronectin on pulmonary tubule walls and in basal lamina while embryonic tissue revealed localization of the protein in the basal lamina and in association with small groups of cells at the base of septal buds. These findings suggest a role for fibronectin in the control of rat lung development. The results are discussed in terms of the known functions of fibronectin as a preliminary matrix for the subsequent deposition of collagenous connective tissue, as a cellular adhesion protein, and as surface-bound material for cellular migration.
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    The topography of mesotocin and vasotocin systems in the brain of the domestic mallard and japanese quail: Immunocytochemical identification (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 213 (1980), S. 37-51 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mesotocin neurons ; Vasotocin neurons ; Avian hypothalamus ; Preoptic area ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neurosecretory systems producing mesotocin (MT) and vasotocin (VT) (the avian homologues of oxytocin and vasopressin, respectively) were characterized in the brains of the domestic mallard and Japanese quail by means of indirect immunofluorescence techniques using specific antisera. In the anterior preoptic region, including the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, and at different levels of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, separate mesotocin- and vasotocin-producing neurons were identified. Mesotocinergic and vasotocinergic neurons were also located in the tuberomammillary area, among the ectomammillary tract fibers. The supraoptico-neurohypophysial tract, formed by vasotocin- and mesotocincontaining axons, enters the internal zone of the median eminence and ends in the posterior lobe of the pituitary. The external zone of the rostral median eminence appears to contain vasotocin and mesotocin fibers, which terminate in close contact with the capillaries of the hypophysial portal system.
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    Cytological localization of α-MSH, ACTH and β-endorphin in the pars intermedia of the cichlid teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 625-633 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Teleost ; Pars intermedia ; Immunocytochemistry ; PAP-technique ; MSH ; ACTH ; Endorphin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pars intermedia of S. mossambicus contains two different endocrine-cell types. The predominant cell type is lead-haematoxyline-positive and assumed to synthesize MSH and related peptides. The second cell type is PAS positive and its function and product(s) are unknown. Staining of light-microscopic and ultrathin sections with antisera against α-MSH, ACTH 1–24 and human β-endorphin revealed that only the lead-haematoxyline-positive cells of the pars intermedia react with these antisera, and that the secretory granules of these cells contain compounds that were immunoreactive to all three antisera. These findings are in line with the hypothesis that α-MSH, ACTH and endorphins are derived from the same precursor molecule. No specific reaction with one of the antisera could be detected in the PAS positive cells.
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    Calcium-binding protein in the developing rat cerebellum (1983)
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    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 389-402 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcium-binding protein (CaBP) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat cerebellum ; Development ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific antibodies raised against a human 28 000 dalton cerebellar calcium-binding protein (CaBP) were used in an immunocytochemical study during development of the rat cerebellum. Both light and electron microscopy showed (1) that labelling was entirely restricted to the Purkinje cells, (2) that it appeared very early in Purkinje cell development, (3) that the entire cell was labelled from the tip of the smallest dendrites to the axonal terminals, and (4) that with increasing age, the immunoreaction appeared to be progressively restricted to the cell and organelle membranes.
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of peptidergic neurons in the central nervous system of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis with antisera raised to biologically active peptides of vertebrates (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 273-291 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Biologically active peptides ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Neurohormone ; Neurotransmitter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Perikarya and nerve fibers were immunocytochemically identified in the central nervous system of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis by means of the unlabelled antibody enzyme method with antisera to 15 biologically active peptides of vertebrates: vasopressin, vasotocin, oxytocin, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), met-enkephalin, somatostatin, glucagon, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), vaso-active intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin, secretin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), Substance P, calcitonin. No immunostaining was obtained with antisera to β-endorphin, cholecystokinin (CCK), neurophysin I and II. Particular neurons could be identified with two antisera (anti-vasopressin/vasotocin, anti-α-MSH/metenkephalin, anti-substance P/PP, anti-PP/gastrin). Apparently this indicates that populations of cells identified with a given antiserum may consist of more than one cell type. Only a few of the new peptidergic cells appeared to be identical with classical neurosecretory cells. Thus the growth hormone producing Light Green Cells stained with anti-somatostatin and the axon terminals of the ovulation hormone producing Caudo-Dorsal Cells with anti-met-enkephalin. Whether this indicates structural identity of the growth hormone with somatostatin and of the ovulation hormone with met-enkephalin remains to be investigated. Just like the classical neurosecretory cells a number of the new peptidergic cells (anti-glucagon, -insulin, -met-enkephalin, -somatostatin, and -PP positive cells) send their axons to the peripheries of commissures, connectives or nerves. Thus these cells can be considered as probably neuroendocrine. The classical neurosecretory cells release their products into the haemolymph from these sites. Other new peptidergic cells (e.g., anti-vasopressin, -vasotocin, -oxytocin and -GIP positive cells) have axons that terminate, probably synaptically, on other neurons, indicating that they are “more conventional” neurons, their products being neurotransmitters/neuromodulators. It can also not be excluded that some cells of a population containing a given peptide are neuroendocrine and others make contact with other neurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233620
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    Evidence for somatostatin, gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide-like substances in the mucosa cells of the gut in fishes with and without stomach (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 193-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Digestive tract ; Fish ; Gastrin-immunoreactive cells ; Pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive cells ; Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin immunoreactive cells in the gut of two fish with stomachs (perch and catfish) and a stomachless fish (carp) were studied by immunocytochemistry. In the gastric mucosa of perch and catfish, cells showing gastrin and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity are found, scattered among the surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells. No pancreatic polypeptide (P.P.) immunoreactive cells are detected in the gastric mucosa. Cells showing gastrin and P.P.-like immunoreactivity are observed in the intestinal mucosa of perch, catfish and carp. In this location no somatostatin immunoreactive cells are found.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234554
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    Immunocytochemical localization of urotensin I neurons in the caudal neurosecretory system of the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Urotensin ; Caudal neurosecretory system ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of urotensin I has been investigated in the caudal neurosecretory system of the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). The peptide is present in all the cells of the system both large and small, in the large axons passing to the urophysis, and in fine beaded fibres not only within the urophysis but also in a fine plexus lateral to the large cells in the spinal cord proper. The possibility that the caudal neurosecretory system is not a functionally uniform system but rather a collection of dissimilar cells of different synaptic inputs with a common entity, urotensin I, is discussed. Moreover, the feasibility of a urotensin I feedback loop is described.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213718
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    Immunohistochemical study of the adenohypophysis of Typhlonectes compressicaudus (Amphibia, Gymnophiona) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 211-214 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Pars distalis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Amphibia ; Gymnophiona
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The indirect immunofluorescence method was used to identify and locate LTH-, STH-, LH-, TSH-, ACTH- and MSH-immunoreactive cells in the pituitary of Typhlonectes compressicaudus (Gymnophiona). The present study defines the histological and histochemical staining properties of each cell type identified.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213743
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of caldesmon (a calmodulin-binding, F-actin-interacting protein) in smooth muscle fibers and absorptive epithelial cells in the small intestine of the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 207-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Caldesmon ; Actin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Small intestine ; Smooth muscle ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of caldesmon (a calmodulin-binding, F-actin-interacting protein) (Sobue et al. 1982) and of actin was studied in the rat's small intestine by means of light-microscopic immunocytochemistry. Positive immunostaining for caldesmon was seen in smooth muscle cells of the intestinal wall, and of blood vessels, and in the apical portion of the absorptive epithelial cells. The immunoreactivity in goblet cells was difficult to recognize. The positive reaction to immunostaining for actin showed almost the same pattern as that for caldesmon. These results suggest that this calmodulin-binding protein may play an important role in the control of actin-myosin interaction in smooth muscle cells and in non-muscle cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213742
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    Immunocytochemical localization of neurons in the nervous system of the Colorado potato beetle with antisera against FMRFamide and bovine pancreatic polypeptide (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 303-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: FMRFamide ; Bovine pancreatic polypeptide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Peptidergic neurons ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Particular neurons in the nervous system of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, are recognized by antisera against bovine pancreatic polypeptide and FMRFamide. Both antisera react with the same neurons. Solid phase absorptions showed that antiserum against bovine pancreatic polypeptide cross-reacts with FMRFamide, whereas antiserum against FMRFamide cross-reacts with bovine pancreatic polypeptide. Some of the immunoreactive neurons have axons branching extensively within the neuropile, which suggests that the peptide is used as transmitter. In the corpus cardiacum, a neurohaemal organ in insects, numerous immunoreactive axon terminals are present. Here, the peptide material is presumably released as a hormone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217854
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    Ultrastructural localization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in rat salivary glands by immunocytochemistry (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 427-432 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: DPP IV ; Salivary glands ; Ultrastructural localization ; Immunocytochemistry ; PAP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural localization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) (EC 3.4.14.5) in rat submandibular and parotid glands was studied immunocytochemically by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method, using a monospecific antiserum against rat kidney DPP IV. There were no differences in the immunocytochemical localization of DPP IV between submandibular and parotid glands. In these glands, DPP IV was primarily found to be associated with the luminal and intercellular canalicular plasma membranes of acinar cells and with the luminal plasma membranes of intercalated and striated duct cells. Occasionally, immunoreaction of DPP IV was detected in cytoplasmic vesicles (vacuoles), lysosomes, and multivesicular bodies in some acinar cells as well as in ductal epithelial cells. Furthermore, the reaction product was also found within the lumina of peri-acinar and peri-ductal capillaries and in the cytoplasm of some fibroblasts in the interstitial connective tissue. These data suggest that DPP IV in the submandibular and parotid glands may play some role in the secretion or reabsorption processes of secretory proteins and peptides in these glands.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217869
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    Distribution and ultrastructure of S-100-immunoreactive cells in the human thymus (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 509-514 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: S-100 protein ; Thymus ; Interdigitating cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study deals with the localization and ultrastructure of S-100-immunoreactive cells in the human thymus. These immunoreactive cells are distributed mainly in the medulla with some scattered elements in the cortex. Electron-microscopic observation revealed that the cells are characterized by an irregularly shaped nucleus, tubulovesicular structures in the cytoplasm and characteristic interdigitations of the plasma membrane. The cells often embrace lymphocytes with their branched processes. On the basis of these morphological features, the immunostained elements were identified as interdigitating cells (IDCs). The immunocytochemistry for S-100 visualizes the precise distribution and extension of the IDCs under the light microscope and indicates that the IDCs form no structural networks such as those established by the thymic epithelial cells. Since the IDCs in human lymph nodes have also been reported to contain S-100-like immunoreactivity, S-100 protein can be regarded as a useful marker for identifying the IDCs in the human thymus and other lymphoid organs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226947
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    Distribution and functional significance of Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7-and Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-like peptides in the blowflyCalliphora vomitoria (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 147-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 ; Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 ; Neurosecretory cells of insects ; Neuropeptides ; Co-existence of peptides ; Blowfly,Calliphora vomitoria (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal pathways in the retrocerebral complex and thoracico-abdominal ganglionic mass of the blowflyCalliphora vomitoria have been identified immunocytochemically with antisera against the extended-enkephalins, Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (Met-7) and Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-8). Neurons of the hypocerebral ganglion, immunoreactive to Met-8, have axons in the crop duct nerve and terminals in muscles of the crop and its duct. Certain neurons of the hypocerebral ganglion are also immunoreactive to Met-7, and axons from these cells innervate the heart. Met-8 immunoreactive nerve terminals invest the cells of the corpus allatum. The source of this material is believed to ve a single pair of lateral neurosecretory cells in the brain. There is no Met-7 immunoreactive material in the corpus allatum. In the corpus cardiacum neither Met-7 nor Met-8 immunoreactivity is present in the cells. However, in the neuropil of the gland certain fibres, with their origins elsewhere, do contain Met-8 immunoreactivity. The most prominent neurons in the thoracic ganglion are the Met-7 immunoreactive ventral thoracic neurosecretory cells, axons from which project to neurohaemal areas in the dorsal neural sheath and also, via the ventral connective, to the brain. Co-localisation studies show that the perikarya of these cells are immunoreactive to antisera raised against several vertebrate-type peptides, such as Met-7, gastrin/cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide. However, their axons and terminals show varying amounts of the peptides, suggesting differential transport and utilisation. Only a few cells in the thoracic ganglion are immunoreactive to Met-8 antisera. These lie close to the nerve bundles suppling the legs. In the abdominal ganglion, Met-8 immunoreactive neurons project to the muscles of the hindgut. This study suggests that the extended enkephalin-like peptides ofCalliphora may have a variety of different roles: as neurotransmitter or neuromodulator substances; in the direct innervation of effector organs; and as neurohormones.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571439
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    Colloid droplets in the magnocellular secretory neurons of the reptilian hypothalamus: An immunocytochemical and lectin-histochemical study (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Neurosecretion ; Vasotocin-neurophysin precursor ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lectin histochemistry ; Snake, Natrix maura ; Lizard, Liolaemus cyanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunocytochemical and lectin-binding properties of the magnocellular neurosecretory neurons in the hypothalamus of 2 reptilian species, the snake Natrix maura and the lizard Liolaemus cyanogaster, were investigated. Particular attention was paid to the secretory droplets present in these neurons. Antisera against bovine neurophysins I+II, arginine-vasotocin, and mesotocin were used. The following lectins were applied: concanavalin A (Con A), wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA), and Limax flavus agglutinin (LFA). Adjacent 1-μm-thick methacrylate sections were used to investigate the same secretory neuron and the same colloid droplets with all three antisera and all three lectins. Several sections were treated with trypsin and urea before immunostaining or lectin binding. Con A bound to both vasotocin- and mesotocin-immunoreactive neurons, WGA exclusively to vasotocin neurons; neither of these neurons reacted with LFA. The colloid droplets were present in vasotocin neurons but absent in the mesotocin neurons. These secretory droplets showed an affinity for Con A but not for WGA, and reacted with antisera against neurophysins and vasotocin. In Natrix maura, the colloid droplets became reactive with Con A and the antisera used only after pretreatment of the sections with trypsin and urea. Within the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system, antiserum against vasotocin and WGA revealed the same fiber bundles. It is concluded (i) that in reptiles the vasotocin-neurophysin precursor is glycosylated, (ii) that vasotocin neurons have the exclusive capacity to form colloid droplets, and (iii) that these droplets are an intracisternal (RER) storage form of the vasotocin-neurophysin precursor.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297491
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    Neuromedin U-like immunoreactivity in the thyroid gland of the rat (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 131-135 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid ; Neuromedin U ; C-cell ; Immunocytochemistry ; Chromatography ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuromedin U is a novel neuropeptide found to have a widespread distribution extending throughout the mammalian central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and the endocrine cells of the pituitary gland. In order to investigate the possibility that neuromedin U-like immunoreactivity is also present in the thyroid gland of the adult rat we have examined its localisation and molecular nature by radioimmunoassay, immunocytochemistry and chromatographic analysis. The neuromedin U content of the whole thyroid gland was found to be 331±67 fmol/gland (mean±SEM), and this value significantly decreased (163±17 fmol/gland) as a result of 14 days of treatment with the anti-thyroid agent methimazole (10 mg/rat/day. Thyrotoxicosis induced by exogenous T4 (10 μg/rat/day) failed to alter the thyroid content of this peptide. Immunostaining studies localised neuromedin U to a minor population of parafollicular C-cells in untreated animals. Complementary chromatographic studies revealed a single molecular form of neuromedin U-like immunoreactivity in thyroid tissue extracts which was indistinguishable from synthetic rat neuromedin U standard.
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    Anti-actin immunoreactivity is retained in rhabdoms of Drosophila ninaC photoreceptors (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 431-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Actin ; Cytoskeleton ; Immunocytochemistry ; Photoreceptor cells ; Drosophila melanogaster (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Drosophila ninaC mutation produces small rhabdomeres with the axial filament of the microvillar cytoskeleton reduced or missing. Using post-embedding immunogold labelling of LR White-embedded eyes, we show that several alleles of this mutation retain positive anti-actin immunoreactivity in the rhabdomeres, comparable to that of wild-type flies.
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    Immunocytochemical localization of histamine in flatworms (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 479-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Histamine ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system ; Excretory system ; Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) ; Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda) ; Microstomum lineare (Turbellaria)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific antibodies against histamine were used to demonstrate the occurrence and cellular distribution of histamine-like immunoreactivity in three species of flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes). In the parasitic cestode Diphyllobothrium dendriticum, histamine-reactivity was found in neurons of the main nerve cords, and in cells lining the central and peripheral excretory ducts. In the free-living microturbellarian Microstomum lineare and in the planarian Polycelis nigra, histamine-immuno-reactivity was restricted to cells and fibres of the nervous system. The occurrence of histamine or a related substance in the nervous system of flatworms, which represent primary bilateria, indicates the importance of this neuroactive substance in the animal kingdom.
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    Distribution of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of the sphinx mothManduca sexta and colocalization with SCPB-, BPP-, and GABA-like immunoreactivity (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 401-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; FMRFamide ; Immunocytochemistry ; Insect nervous system ; Manduca sexta (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using an antiserum against the tetrapeptide FMRFamide, we have studied the distribution of FMRFamide-like substances in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of the sphinx mothManduca sexta. More than 2000 neurons per hemisphere exhibit FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity. Most of these cells reside within the optic lobe. Particular types of FMRFamide-immunoreactive neurons can be identified. Among these are neurosecretory cells, putatively centrifugal neurons of the optic lobe, local interneurons of the antennal lobe, mushroom-body Kenyon cells, and small-field neurons of the central complex. In the suboesophageal ganglion, groups of ventral midline neurons exhibit FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity. Some of these cells have axons in the maxillary nerves and apparently give rise to FMRFamide-immunoreactive terminals in the sheath of the suboesophageal ganglion and the maxillary nerves. In local interneurons of the antennal lobe and a particular group of protocerebral neurons, FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity is colocalized with GABA-like immunoreactivity. This suggests that FMRFamide-like peptides may be cotransmitters of these putatively GABAergic interneurons. All FMRFamide-immunoreactive neurons are, furthermore, immunoreactive with an antiserum against bovine pancreatic polypeptide, and the vast majority is also immunoreactive with an antibody against the molluscan small cardioactive peptide SCPB. Therefore, it is possible that more than one peptide is localized within many FMRFamide-immunoreactive neurons. The results suggest that FMRFamide-related peptides are widespread within the nervous system ofM. sexta and might function as neurohormones and neurotransmitters in a variety of neuronal cell types.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740767
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    Demonstration of insulin-related substances in the central nervous systems of pulmonates and Aplysia californica (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 381-386 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Molluscan insulin-related peptide ; Neuropeptide ; Immunocytochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Lymnaea stagnalis (Mollusca) ; Aplysia californica (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary the occurrence of insulin-related substances in the central nervous system of pulmonates and Aplysia californica was investigated by means of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Previous experiments have shown that, in Lymnaea stagnalis, the growth hormone-producing neurons in the cerebral ganglia (the so-called light green cells) express at least 5 genes that are related to the vertebrate insulin genes, i.e., they encode prohormones that are composed of a B- and A-chain and a connecting C peptide. These insulin related molecules also have the amino acids essential for their tertiary structure (viz. cysteines) at identical positions to those of the vertebrate insulins. In the investigated basommatophoran and stylommatophoran snails and slugs, neurons reacted with an antiserum raised against the C peptide of one of the molluscan insulin-related peptides. These neurons can be considered to be, based on morphological and endocrinological criteria, homologous to the light green cells of L. stagnalis. In A. californica, all central ganglia contain immunoreactive neurons. The highest number (about 50) was observed in the abdominal ganglion. The present results indicate that insulin-related substances are generally occurring neuropeptides in the central nervous system of molluscs.
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    Sex difference in the neurotensin-immunoreactive cell populations of the preoptic area in quail (Coturnix japonica) (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 99-116 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Reproduction ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neurotensin ; Sexually dimorphic nucleus ; Sex differences, hypothalamus ; Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of neurotensin-immunoreactive cells and fibers was analyzed by immunocytochemistry in the forebrain of male and female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) by using an antibody directed against the C-terminal part of the molecule. Immunoreactive perikarya were located almost exclusively in the medial preoptic area with small populations also being present in the nucleus paraventricularis and in the tuberal region. Immunoreactive fibers were observed not only throughout the preoptic area-hypothalamus, but also in the septal region, nucleus intercollicularis, substantia grisea centralis and the classical catecholaminergic areas of the mesencephalon, such as the area ventralis of Tsai and the nucleus tegmenti pedunculo-pontinus, pars compacta. The preoptic neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were exclusively located within the boundaries of the sexually dimorphic medial preoptic nucleus. They were significantly more numerous in females than in males. In females, the number of neurotensin cells varied during the ovulatory cycle: fewer cells were observed in birds that were about to lay an egg (they had a calcified egg in the oviduct) than in those that had already laid or were not going to lay on that day. These data indicate major variations in the expression of neurotensin in response to neurochemical or neuroendocrine changes associated with ovulation.
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    Presence of an oxytocin-like peptide in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis of a turtle (Mauremys caspica) and a snake (Natrix maura) (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1994), S. 75-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Oxytocin ; Neurophysin ; Vasotocin ; Mesotocin ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Medial nucleus of the infundibular recess ; Immunocytochemistry ; Natrix maura (Serpentes) ; Mauremys caspica (Chelonia)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The probable presence of oxytocin in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of two reptilian species, the snake Natrix maura and the turtle Mauremys caspica, was re-investigated. A high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of the turtle neural lobe revealed the existence of vasotocin, mesotocin, and a third compound co-eluting with oxytocin. Brains from both species were fixed by vascular perfusion with Bouin's fluid. Adjacent paraffin sections were immunostained using antisera against the following substances: (1) bovine oxytocin-neurophysin; (2) a mixture of bovine oxytocin-neurophysin and vasopressin-neurophysin; (3) dogfish neurophysins; (4) oxytocin; (5) arginine-vasotocin; (6) mesotocin; (7) somatostatin. Immunoreactivity against oxytocin was found in parvocellular neurons of the snake suprachiasmatic nucleus and cerebrospinal-fluid contacting neurons of the medial nucleus of the infundibular recess of both species, the latter immunoreactivity being much more conspicuous in the turtle. Numerous fibers containing immunoreactive oxytocin extended between the medial nucleus of the infundibular recess, and the internal region of the medium eminence and the neural lobe. The oxytocin-immunoreactivity in all locations was completely abolished by preabsorption of the anti-oxytocin serum with three different oxytocin preparations. None of the neurons of the suprachiasmatic and medial nucleus of the infundibular recess, including the oxytocin-immunoreactive elements, reacted with either the antineurophysin sera used, or the anti-vasotocin or anti-mesotocin antibodies. The possible existence of a reptilian oxytocin-neurophysin different from the mammalian oxytocin-neurophysin is discussed. The alternative that, in the reptilian hypothalamus, neurons synthesize a compound closely related to, but different from oxytocin is also considered.
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    Intestinal calcium-binding protein (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 212 (1980), S. 63-72 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Brush border ; Epithelial cells ; Vitamin D ; Cell maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP) was studied in relation to the age of the cell, in isolated epithelial cell populations removed from rat duodenum. Alkaline phosphatase and thymidine kinase activities were used as markers to characterize differentiated villus cells and undifferentiated (mitotically active) crypt cells, respectively. CaBP distribution along the length of the villus, as established by radioimmunoassay, appears as a gradient increasing from the crypt to the tip of the villus. CaBP concentration in cells is shown to be (i) negatively correlated with the thymidine kinase activity of cells, and (ii) positively correlated with the alkaline phosphatase activity of cells. This indicates that CaBP is absent in crypt cells and appears in differentiated cells with the development of the brush border. Thus CaBP, like alkaline phosphatase, can be considered as an indicator of enterocyte maturation. These data were also confirmed by studying the cellular localization of the protein. In addition both indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining methods reveal that antibody against CaBP decorates the terminal web, but not the microvilli of the brush border of mature absorptive cells. The results suggest that CaBP may act as a modulator of some Ca2+-mediated biochemical processes at the level of the enterocyte brush border.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234033
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    Immunocytochemical identification of neural elements in the central nervous systems of a snail, some insects, a fish, and a mammal with an antiserum to the molluscan cardio-excitatory tetrapeptide FMRF-amide (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 213 (1980), S. 21-27 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; FMRF-amide ; Central nervous system ; Neurohormone ; Neurotransmitter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary With an antiserum to the molluscan cardio-excitatory tetrapeptide FMRF-amide neurons and/or nerve fibers were immunocytochemically identified in the central nervous systems of a snail (Lymnaea stagnalis), some insects (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Periplaneta americana, Locusta migratoria, Pieris brassicae), a fish (Poecilia latipinna) and a mammal (mouse). The fact that immunoreactive material was observed in neurohaemal organs (corpora cardiaca of the insects) as well as in axon terminals ending on other neurons, seems to indicate that this peptide can function as a neurohormone and/or as a neurotransmitter. The results sustain the hypothesis that biologically active peptides have a wide distribution in the animal kingdom.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236917
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    Immunocytochemical demonstration of met-enkephalin in the central nervous system of the domestic fowl (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 213 (1980), S. 53-68 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peptidergic neuroendocrine system ; Domestic fowl ; Metenkephalin system ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the central nervous system of the male domestic fowl, met-enkephalin (ENK) immunoreactive perikarya and fiber tracts as well as extensive but sharply delimited fiber networks were visualized by means of the PAP technique. The most striking results were: (1) The demonstration of an association of ENK-containing structures with branchial nerves; (2) the spatial relationship of ENK-containing perikarya and fibers to somatostatin (SOM) and arginine-vasotocin (AVT)-immunoreactive systems; (3) the presence of dense and extensive ENK fiber networks within (a) the caudo-basal wall of the third ventricle and (b) the septal-preoptic area; in both regions mainly ENK fibers, but also SOM and AVT fibers, may cross to the contralateral side.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236920
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    Do neural crest cells in the pancreas differentiate into somatostatin-containing cells? (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 213 (1980), S. 293-299 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Pancreas ; Neural crest cells ; Avian embryo ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possibility that the somatostatin cells are derived from the neurectoderm has been questioned in avian embryos. Isotopic and isochronic transplantations of the neural primordium from quail into chick embryos were made at the vagal level (somites 1 to 7). Quail and chick cells can be distinguished by the structure of their nucleus. The somatostatin cells were characterized immunocytochemically. In no case did quail cells showing the immunological reaction originate from the neural crest.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234788
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    Responsiveness of the adult cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus andAcheta domesticus) retrocerebral complex to allatostatin-1 from a cockroach,Diploptera punctata (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 164 (1994), S. 23-31 
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    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Allatostatin-1 ; Juvenile hormone biosynthesis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Gryllus bimaculatus ; Acheta domesticus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Brain-retrocerebral complexes of female crickets,Gryllus bimaculatus andAcheta domesticus, treated with antibody to allatostatin-1 from a cockroach,Diploptera punctata, show extensive immunoreactivity. The results suggest that allatostatins or allatostatin-like molecules are produced in neurosecretory cells of the brain and are delivered to the corpora allata through nervous connections and/or via haemolymph. Radiochemical measurements of juvenile hormone III biosynthesis by isolated corpora cardiaca-corpora allata complexes from adultG. bimaculatus have been used to demonstrate an in vitro sensitivity of these glands to allatostatin-1 fromD. punctata. Allatostatin-1 is a relatively potent inhibitor of juvenile hormone III biosynthesis in corpora allata of both young adult females and males. In glands taken from 3-day virgin females, 50% inhibition of hormone biosynthesis is reached at ca. 3 nmol·l-1 allatostatin-1. The inhibitory action of allatostatin-1 is rapid, dose-dependent and reversible. Addition of 200 μmol·l-1 farnesol to the incubation medium prevents inhibition of juvenile hormone III biosynthesis by allatostatin-1. Juvenile hormone III biosynthesis by isolated corpora allata of 3-day female house crickets,A. domesticus, is also susceptible to inhibition by 1 μmol·l-1 allatostatin-1.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00714567
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    Immunocytochemical localization of myosin in the brush border region of the intestinal epithelium (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 205 (1980), S. 163-166 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myosin ; Intestinal epithelium ; Brush border ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Myosin was localized in rat intestinal epithelium by means of indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy (unlabeled antibody peroxidase method), using a specific antibody to myosin from chicken gizzard. Immunoreactivity was localized in the apical cytoplasm, where it was concentrated along the rootlets of the microvillar filament bundles and in the terminal web. A model of microvillar contraction is proposed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234452
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    Immunocytochemical localization of somatostatin in the brain of the lizard, Ctenosauria pectinata (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 208 (1980), S. 499-505 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin-immunoreactive elements ; Brain ; Lizard ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brain of the lizard, Ctenosauria pectinata, was studied light microscopically using an immunocytochemical staining method that is specific for neurohypophysial hormones and somatostatin. It was shown that the telencephalon and particularly the diencephalon contain somatostatin-producing perikarya, while somatostatinergic fibers occur in the entire brain. Similar to the situation in other vertebrates, somatostatin neurons in Ctenosauria pectinata form a population distinct from the neurohypophysial hormone-producing neurons. The small-sized somatostatin neurons were found in the cortex and the hypopallium of the telencephalon, and in two distinct clusters in the diencephalon: (1) ventral from, and partially overlapping with, the classical neurosecretory para ventricular nucleus; and (2) in the region of the infundibular (tuberal) nucleus. Somatostatin fibers were found among the classical neurosecretory fibers of the supraoptico-paraventricular system (tract, median eminence, neural lobe), near to and within the epiphysis, in the septum, in the vicinity of the tectum opticum and the cerebellum, and in the tegmentum.
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    Relationship of the central ACTH-immunoreactive opiocortin system to the median eminence and the pituitary gland of the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 333-340 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: ACTH-opiocortin system ; Immunocytochemistry ; Median eminence ; Neural lobe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By immunocytochemical methods, the present study describes ACTH-immunoreactive fibers in the pituitary stalk and neural lobe. This opiocortin-hypothalamo-neural lobe projection arises in a bed nucleus of perikarya in the basal hypothalamus, follows supraoptico-hypophyseal fibers in the zona interna of the median eminence, and distributes throughout the neural lobe. No ACTH-immunoreactive fibers project to the zona externa; some are present in the subependymal layer and at the lateral margins of the median eminence. Further studies must identify the role of these fibers in posterior lobe function. It remains also to be determined whether this system terminates upon primary pituitary portal capillaries and delivers opiocortin neuropeptides to the adenohypophysis.
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    Immunocytochemical identification of proctolinlike immunoreactivity in the terminal ganglion and hindgut of the cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.) (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 633-645 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Proctolin ; Periplaneta americana ; Terminal ganglion-hindgut system ; Immunocytochemistry ; Cobalt iontophoresis technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the American cockroach, the distribution and connections of neuronal elements of the terminal ganglion-proctodeal nerve-hindgut system were investigated by means of immunohistochemical methods and axonal CoCl2 iontophoresis. Proctolinlike immunoreactivity was localized within neurons of the terminal ganglion projecting into the proctodeal nerve on the one hand, and in nerve cells without a direct connection to this system on the other. Immunohistochemically, in whole mount preparations fibres of the proctodeal nerve and terminal structures in the hindgut musculature exhibit strong proctolinlike immunoreactivity. At the light- and electron-microscopic levels the pathways of about 30 somata of the proctodeal neural system were characterized by cobalt chloride iontophoresis. The relationships of cobalt filled and immunoreactive neuronal structures are discussed. For the preparation of tritiated proctolin we thank Dr. S. Reißmann, WB Biochemie, Sektion Biologie, FSU Jena
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    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical evidence of the presence of a peptide related to ACTH in granules of LHRH nerve terminals in the median eminence of the guinea pig (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 1-6 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: 17–39 ACTH ; LHRH terminals ; Median eminence ; Guinea pig ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary At the ultrastructural level a peptide immunocytochemically related to ACTH was localized in LHRH-containing terminals and nerve fibers of the palisade zone in the median eminence of the guinea pig. Precise comparisons of adjacent ultrathin sections stained for 17–39 ACTH and for LHRH made it possible to state clearly that in the two cases the staining was confined to granules containing both peptides. The significance of such an association remains open to discussion.
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    Distribution and anatomy of GABA-like immunoreactive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system of the snail Helix pomatia (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 189-198 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: GABA ; Glutamate ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system, central ; Nervous system, peripheral ; Helix pomatia (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-like immunoreactive neurons were studied in the central and peripheral nervous system of Helix pomatia by applying immunocytochemistry on whole-mount preparations and serial paraffin sections. GABA-immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the buccal, cerebral and pedal ganglia, but only GABA-immunoreactive fibers were found in the viscero-parietal-pleural ganglion complex. The majority of GABA-immunoreactive cell bodies were located in the pedal ganglia but a few could be found in the buccal ganglia. Varicose GABA-ir fibers could be seen in the neuropil areas and in distinct areas of the cell body layer of the ganglia. The majority of GABA-ir axonal processes run into the connectives and commissures of the ganglia, indicating an important central integrative role of GABA-immunoreactive neurons. GABA may also have a peripheral role, since GABA-immunoreactive fibers could be demonstrated in peripheral nerves and the lips. Glutamate injection did not change the number or distribution of GABA-immunoreactive neurons, but induced GABA immunoreactivity in elements of the connective tissue ensheathing the muscle cells and fibers of the buccal musculature. This shows that GABA may be present in different non-neural tissues as a product of general metabolic pathways.
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    The infundibular organ of the lancelet (Branchiostoma lanceolatum, Acrania): an immunocytochemical study (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 107-114 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Reissner's fiber ; Infundibular organ ; Immunocytochemistry ; Lectin binding ; Flexural organ ; Amphioxus, Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Acrania)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reissner's fibers are secretions produced by different ependymal areas of the chordate brain, viz., in adult vertebrates, by the dorsal subcommissural organ, and in all stages of cephalochordates (Branchiostoma lancelets), by the ventral infundibular organ. Fibers produced by these different organs are seemingly identical and the two fiber sources also share some immunocytochemical and lectin-binding properties. The secretions in these two glands are, however, not identical; the infundibular organ cells are strongly reactive with antibodies against vertebrate Reissner's fibers, but they do not react with antibodies raised against the source of the vertebrate fibers, viz., the subcommissural organ. The results support the possibility that, in adult vertebrates, the Reissner's fibers are composed of material not only from the subcommissural organ, but also from another, not yet identified, source that is identical or equivalent to the infundibular organ of the lancelet. There are indications that the infundibular organ is immunocytochemically closely akin to some secretory cells in the vertebrate embryonic brain and also to those that produce the juvenile vertebrate Reissner's fibers, viz., secretory cells in the flexural organ.
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    C-PON immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus): a correlated light- and electron-microscopic study (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: C-PON ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neostriatum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Erinaceus europaeus (Insectivora)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study provides light- and electronmicroscopic immunocytochemical data on the presence of neurons that are immunoreactive to the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y, C-PON, in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Positive neurons have mostly fusiform or round perikarya from which two to four poorly branched processes arise. Immunostained fibers and puncta are also evenly distributed throughout the neostriatum. Ultrastructurally, each neuron exhibits a deeply invaginated nucleus surrounded by abundant cytoplasm with a well-developed rought endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Positive neurons receive symmetric and asymmetric synapses from unlabeled terminals. The results of this study can be correlated with previous findings, as the C-PON-positive neurons of the hedgehog resemble medium-sized neostriatal neurons that are known to be local circuit neurons exhibiting C-PON in the rat. Thus, a high degree of C-PON neuronal system phylogenetic conservation and function can be postulated for the neostriatum of mammals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303094
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    Immunologicalization of complement C1s and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (92kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase) in the primary ossification center of the human femur (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 239-245 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone ; Ossification ; Cartilage ; Matrix ; Chondrocytes ; Complement ; Matrix metalloproteinase ; Immunocytochemistry ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The first component of complement $$C\bar 1s$$ has been shown to degrade type I and type II collagens (Yamaguchi et al. 1990), the latter of which is a major constituent of the cartilage matrix. In order to understand the physiological roles of $$C\bar 1s$$ in cartilage resorption, the expression of C1s was examined by immunohistochemistry in the primary ossification center where the matrix is removed and replaced by bone marrow. Hypertrophic chondrocytes, endothelium and hematogenous elements in the capillary buds were intensely stained by a monoclonal antibody against C1s. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9, 92kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase) was also immunolocalized in hypertrophic chondrocytes, mesenchymal cells in the primitive bone marrow and the cartilage matrix adjacent to the marrow. In addition, $$C\bar 1s$$ was found to activate the zymogen of MMP-9. These observations suggest that $$C\bar 1s$$ and MMP-9 coordinately participate in matrix degradation in cartilage.
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    Basement membrane components of bronchial epithelium in humans suffering from chronic nonspecific lung diseases (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 505-510 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Collagen IV ; Laminin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Basement membrane ; Bronchial epithelium ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Collagen IV and laminin are important constituents of the basement membrane (BM). By use of immunocytochemistry we examined the occurrence and distribution of these two components in the BM beneath normal, mucoid and metaplastic epithelium of large bronchi in 22 adults suffering from chronic nonspecific lung diseases. Both collagen IV and laminin were expressed as a thin and continuous layer beneath the epithelium in most tissue specimens with normal epithelium. In a few specimens the layer showed interruptions with a patchy distribution of the immunoreactivity. Three patterns of distribution of BM components were found under the metaplastic epithelium. Total absence of immunoreactive collagen IV and laminin was the most common variant. Weak and scarce staining for both proteins in the BM characterized the second pattern. The third variant showed strong collagen IV immunoreactivity but lack of laminin. The BM beneath the mucoid epithelium was characterized by irregular distribution of collagen IV and laminin. We suggest that the occurrence and distributional pattern of the BM components are related to the type of overlying epithelium and connected with an altered synthesis of these components.
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    Immunoreactivity of the corpuscles of Stannius of the garpike, Lepisosteus osseus, to antisera against salmon and trout stanniocalcins (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 511-518 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corpuscles of Stannius ; Stanniocalcin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Western blot ; Lepisosteus osseus (Holostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stanniocalcin-immunoreactive cells were localized in the corpuscles of Stannius of a holostean fish, the garpike (Lepisosteus osseus), using antisera against salmon and trout stanniocalcins and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and protein A-gold immunohistochemical methods. The stanniocalcin-immunoreactive cells were periodic acid-Schiff-positive, and antibody staining was abolished if the antiserum was preabsorbed with corpuscle homogenate. Immunocytochemistry revealed two reactive cell types in the glandular parenchyma, and immunoreactivity was confined to the secretory granules. Staining of the granules was also abolished when the antisera were blocked with crude corpuscle homogenate. When corpuscle extracts from garpike were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis, a single dense band was evident with a molecular weight of ∼68 kDa under non-reducing conditions, whereas three bands were observed (∼29, ∼31, and ∼34 kDa) under reducing conditions. Staining of all bands disappeared following preabsorption of the antiserum with salmon stanniocalcin, trout stanniocalcin, or garpike corpuscle extract. The results are compared with stanniocalcins from another extant holostean, the bowfin (Amia calva), and from more modern bony fishes, the teleosts.
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    Keratin expression: a measure of phenotypic modulation of human prostatic epithelial cells by growth inhibitory factors (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 11-18 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prostate gland ; Keratin ; Vitamin A ; Epithelium ; Immunocytochemistry ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Expression of certain cytokeratins can be indicative of the state of differentiation of epithelial cells. The basal cells in the normal adult human prostatic epithelium are characterized by the expression of cytokeratins 5 and 14, whereas the secretory luminal cells contain cytokeratins 8 and 18. Cells cultured from the prostatic epithelium expressed cytokeratins 5, 8, and 18, and thus had features of both basal and luminal cells. Certain growth-inhibitory conditions altered keratin expression in conjunction with growth modulation. Deletion of peptide factors and hormones from the culture medium induced the expression of cytokeratins 1 and 10, associated with a squamous phenotype. These same squamous keratins were found in very dense, stratified cultures that were maintained at confluency in standard, complete medium for extended periods. Retinoic acid enhanced the expression of secretory luminal cell-associated cytokeratins 8 and 18 in semi-confluent cultures. Other growth inhibitory factors such as suramin, transforming growth factor-β, and interferon-γ had no effect on keratin expression. These observations indicate that the differentiation of prostatic epithelial cells can be directed toward alternate pathways, either squamous or secretory, by different growth-inhibitory conditions. However, not all growth inhibitory factors altered differentiation, demonstrating that growth inhibition in itself is not a sufficient inducer of differentiation.
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    Intra-acrosomal organization of a 90-kilodalton antigen during spermiogenesis in the rat (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 61-67 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Acrosome development ; Antigen localization ; Intra-acrosomal migration ; Golgi apparatus ; Spermiogenesis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of an acrosomal protein was studied using a monoclonal antibody MN7 raised against mouse spermatozoa. MN7 specifically recognized the anterior acrosome of several mammalian (mouse, rat, hamster) spermatozoa fixed with paraformaldehyde. An immunoblot study with periodate treatment showed that MN7 recognized a carbohydrate region of a 90 kDa protein in an extract of mouse and rat cauda epididymal spermatozoa. The change in distribution of the MN7 antigen during acrosome development was investigated in the rat testis using the pre-embedding immunoperoxidase technique. The antigen first appeared in the proacrosomic granules of spermatids in steps 1–2. Small vesicles adjacent to the outer acrosomal membrane and the developing acrosomic system were immunoreactive during steps 4–7. The majority of the antigen was then redistributed to the head-cap portion during steps 8–18, and finally restricted to the anterior acrosome in the step 19-spermatid. These results suggest that the antigen is transported to the acrosome by way of the vesicles that originate from the Golgi apparatus during early spermiogenesis, and are then delivered to the final destination within the acrosome by the intra-acrosomal migration during late spermiogenesis.
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    Merkel cell distribution in human hair follicles of the fetal and adult scalp (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 131-138 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Merkel cells ; Cytokeratins ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nerve growth factor receptor ; Hair follicles ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of Merkel cells in fetal and adult terminal hair follicles of human scalp was studied immunohistochemically using cytokeratin (CK) 20 as a specific Merkel cell marker. In hair follicles of adult scalp, abundant Merkel cells were found enriched in two belt-like clusters, one in the deep infundibulum and one in the isthmus region. No Merkel cells were found in the deep follicular portions including the bulb, or in the dermis. In early fetal hair follicles (bulbous peg stage), Merkel cells were only detected in the basal layer of the developing infundibulum but not in deeper follicular areas. In later stages, Merkel cells were also present in the isthmus and bulge. No Merkel cells were seen in the dermis around developing hair follicles. Nerve growth factor receptor was not only present in nerves but was found to be widely distributed within fetal skin. In adult skin, this receptor was localized to the basal cell layers of the outer root sheath of the bulb and the suprabulbar area, but was not detectable in the areas containing Merkel cells. The present study localizing Merkel cells within the permanent hair follicle structures close to their possible stem cells suggests that they have paracrine functions.
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    C-PON immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus): a correlated light- and electron-microscopic study (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: C-PON ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neostriatum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Erinaceus europaeus (Insectivora)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The present study provides light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemical data on the presence of neurons that are immunoreactive to the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y, C-PON, in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Positive neurons have mostly fusiform or round perikarya from which two to four poorly branched processes arise. Immunostained fibers and puncta are also evenly distributed throughout the neostriatum. Ultrastructurally, each neuron exhibits a deeply invaginated nucleus surrounded by abundant cytoplasm with a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Positive neurons receive symmetric and asymmetric synapses from unlabeled terminals. The results of this study can be correlated with previous findings, as the C-PON-positive neurons of the hedgehog resemble medium-sized neostriatal neurons that are known to be local circuit neurons exhibiting C-PON in the rat. Thus, a high degree of C-PON neuronal system phylogenetic conservation and function can be postulated for the neostriatum of mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303094
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  • 91
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    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and anatomy of GABA-like immunoreactive neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system of the snail Helix pomatia (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: GABA ; Glutamate ; Immunocytochemistry ; Nervous system ; central ; Nervous system ; peripheral ; Helix pomatia (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-like immunoreactive neurons were studied in the central and peripheral nervous system of Helix pomatia by applying immunocytochemistry on whole-mount preparations and serial paraffin sections. GABA-immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the buccal, cerebral and pedal ganglia, but only GABA-immunoreactive fibers were found in the viscero-parietal-pleural ganglion complex. The majority of GABA-immunoreactive cell bodies were located in the pedal ganglia but a few could be found in the buccal ganglia. Varicose GABA-ir fibers could be seen in the neuropil areas and in distinct areas of the cell body layer of the ganglia. The majority of GABA-ir axonal processes run into the connectives and commissures of the ganglia, indicating an important central integrative role of GABA-immunoreactive neurons. GABA may also have a peripheral role, since GABA-immunoreactive fibers could be demonstrated in peripheral nerves and the lips. Glutamate injection did not change the number or distribution of GABA-immunoreactive neurons, but induced GABA immunoreactivity in elements of the connective tissue ensheathing the muscle cells and fibers of the buccal musculature. This shows that GABA may be present in different non-neural tissues as a product of general metabolic pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303096
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of sensory innervation in chick skin: comparison of nerve fibre and chondroitin sulphate distributions in vivo and in vitro (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 519-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Skin ; Development ; ontogenetic ; Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan ; Neuritic guidance ; Immunocytochemistry ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In bird skin, nerve fibres develop in the dermis but do not enter the epidermis. In co-cultures of 7-day-old chick embryo dorsal root ganglia and epidermis, the neurites also avoid the epidermis. Previous studies have shown that chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans may be involved. Chondroitin sulphate has therefore been visualized by immunocytochemistry, using the monoclonal antibody CS-56, both in vivo and in vitro using light and electron microscopy. Its distribution was compared to those of 2 other chondroitin sulphate epitopes and to that of the growing nerve fibres. In cultures of epidermis from 7-day-old embryonic chicks, immunoreactivity is found uniformly around the epidermal cells while at 7.5 days the distribution in dermis is heterogeneous, and particularly marked in feather buds. In vivo, chondroitin sulphate immunoreactivity is detected in the epidermis, on the basal lamina, on the surfaces of fibroblasts and along collagen fibrils. This localization is complementary to the distribution of cutaneous nerves. Chondroitin sulphate in the basal lamina could prevent innervation of the epidermis and the dermal heterogeneities could partly explain the nerve fibres surrounding the base of the feathers. Chondroitin sulphate could therefore be important for neural guidance in developing chick skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300225
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactivity of the corpuscles of Stannius of the garpike, Lepisosteus osseus, to antisera against salmon and trout stanniocalcins (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 511-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Corpuscles of Stannius ; Stanniocalcin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Western blot ; Lepisosteus osseus (Holostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Stanniocalcin-immunoreactive cells were localized in the corpuscles of Stannius of a holostean fish, the garpike (Lepisosteus osseus), using antisera against salmon and trout stanniocalcins and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and protein A-gold immunohistochemical methods. The stanniocalcin-immunoreactive cells were periodic acid-Schiff-positive, and antibody staining was abolished if the antiserum was preabsorbed with corpuscle homogenate. Immunocytochemistry revealed two reactive cell types in the glandular parenchyma, and immunoreactivity was confined to the secretory granules. Staining of the granules was also abolished when the antisera were blocked with crude corpuscle homogenate. When corpuscle extracts from garpike were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis, a single dense band was evident with a molecular weight of ∼68 kDa under non-reducing conditions, whereas three bands were observed (∼29, ∼31, and ∼34 kDa) under reducing conditions. Staining of all bands disappeared following preabsorption of the antiserum with salmon stanniocalcin, trout stanniocalcin, or garpike corpuscle extract. The results are compared with stanniocalcins from another extant holostean, the bowfin (Amia calva), and from more modern bony fishes, the teleosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300224
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of mammary-derived growth inhibitor in capillary endothelial cells of the bovine mammary gland (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 457-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mammary-derived growth inhibitor ; Fatty acid-binding proteins ; Differentiation ; Vascularization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunocytochemistry ; Mammary gland ; Cow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mammary-derived growth inhibitor (MDGI) has previously been localized in the mammary parencyma, dependent on the stage of differentiation of the mammary gland. Here, we have elucidated the distribution of MDGI in the mammary stroma by a combined immunohisto-and cytochemical analysis with antibodies raised against MDGI. Distinct staining of capillary endothelial cells has been revealed. Although its subcellular distribution resembles former observations in secretory epithelial cells, the expression of MDGI in capillary endothelial cells clearly precedes that in secretory epithelial cells. On the other hand, no endothelial MDGI staining has been detected in bovine heart, which contains a fatty acid-binding protein almost identical to MDGI. The localization of MDGI in the mammary capillary endothelium is discussed in terms of its possible involvement in the intracellular transport of hydrophobic ligands or in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300218
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
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    Ultrastructural, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical characterization of haemocytes of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari; Chelicerata) (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 493-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Haemocytes ; Immunocytes, invertebrate ; Immunity ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ixodes ricinus (Chelicerata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Haemocytes of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus were characterized on the basis of their ultrastructure, their ability to ingest foreign material, and to produce or store molecules of the immune defence. Distinction was made between types of haemocytes according to the absence or presence of granular inclusions, shape and size of the lysosomal compartment or the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and ultrastructural and functional similarity to the corresponding haemocytes of insects. Three types of haemocytes were found in adult ticks: plasmatocytes and type-I and type-II granular haemocytes, respectively. The precipitated reaction product of acid phosphatase activity revealed the shape of the lysosomal compartment. The additional injection of particulate materials into the haemocoel further revealed the endocytic activity of the haemocytes. The lysozyme-like immunoreactivity of the haemocytes suggests bactericidal potential. Detection of immunoreactivity in haemocytes to a 25 kDa antigenic protein involved in cuticle formation further suggests their involvement in wound healing and encapsulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300222
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional morphology of the neuropeptidergic light-yellow-cell system in pulmonate snails (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 531-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Light yellow neuropeptidergic cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Blood pressure regulation ; Pulmonata ; Lymnaea stagnalis, Helix aspersa (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The light yellow neuropeptidergic cell system of the basommatophoran snail Lymnaea stagnalis is homologous to the R3-R14 system of the opisthobranch Aplysia californica, and produces three different neuropeptides. Systems homologous to the light yellow cells of Lymnaea stagnalis have been investigated morphologically in two Basommatophora (Lymnaea ovata, Bulinus truncatus) and three Stylommatophora (Helix aspersa, Cepaea nemoralis, Deroceras reticulatum). To this end, an antibody to synthetic light-yellow-cell peptide-II and oligonucleotides to mRNAs encoding parts of peptide-I and peptide-III, were used. The in situ hybridization probes gave negative results. On the other hand, neuronal cell clusters were observed in the central nervous system of all specias studied by immunocytochemistry. These clusters were located in the ganglia of the visceral complex. The neurons project axons into all nerves of these ganglia, especially into the pallial nerves, into the connective tissue of the central nervous system, and into the neuropile of various ganglia. The morphology of the systems is similar to that of the light-yellow-cell system of Lymnaea stagnalis. In all species, the wall of the aorta was innervated by immunoreactive axons. Peripheral innervation by the light-yellow-cell system was investigated in Helix aspersa and Deroceras reticulatum. Serial and alternate sections of whole snails were studied. Reconstructions were made of the heart-kidney-lung complex of these animals. In both species, the muscular vessels of the pulmonary system at the right side of the body were strongly innervated by immunoreactive axons. Furthermore, immunopositive innervation was observed to muscles in the secondary ureter-pneumostome area. The light-yellow-cell system of pulmonates is thus probably involved in the regulation of blood pressure and urine release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300226
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical study of seminal γ-glutamyltransferase using monoclonal antibodies (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase ; Seminal γ-glutamyltransferase ; Prostate gland ; Seminal vesicle ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Immunocytochemistry ; Reproductive organs, male ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We produced three monoclonal antibodies, SG1, SG2 and SG3, specific for human seminal γ-glutamyltransferase when characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. Seminal γ-glutamyltransferase was localized, by immunostaining, to the epithelial cells of the ductus epididymidis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland with SG1, those of the prostate gland with SG2, and those of the seminal vesicle with SG3. Rabbit polyclonal anti-seminal γ-glutamyltransferase serum reacted with the proximal convolution of the kidney and the bile capillaries of the liver, and with the epithelial cells of the reproductive organs. However, immunoreactivity was not observed in the kidney or liver with the monoclonal antibodies. Thus, these monoclonal antibodies are probably all specific to seminal γ-glutamyltransferase but recognize different epitopes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303078
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically defined collateral projections from the pons to the central nucleus of the amygdala and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the rat (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Serotonin ; Substance P ; Choline-acetyltransferase ; Retrograde tracers ; Immunocytochemistry ; Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus ; Dorsal raphe nucleus ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Triple fluorescence labelling was employed to reveal the distribution of chemically identified neurons within the pontine laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and dorsal raphe nucleus which supply branching collateral input to the central nucleus of the amygdala and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The chemical identity of neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus was revealed by immunocytochemical detection of choline- acetyltransferase or substance P; in the dorsal raphe nucleus, the chemical content of the neurons was revealed with antibody recognizing serotonin. The projections were defined by injections of two retrograde tracers, rhodamine- and fluorescein-labelled latex microspheres, in the central nucleus of the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus, respectively. Neurons projecting to both the central nucleus of the amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus were distributed primarily within the caudal extensions of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and dorsal raphe nucleus. Approximately 11% and 7% of the labelled cells in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and dorsal raphe nucleus projected via branching collaterals to the paraventricular nucleus and central nucleus of the amygdala. About half of these neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus were cholinergic, and one-third were substance-P-ergic; in the dorsal raphe nucleus, approximately half of the neurons containing both retrograde tracers were serotonergic. These results indicate that pontine neurons may simultaneously transmit signals to the central nucleus of the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus and that several different neuroactive substances are found in the neurons participating in these pathways. This coordinated signalling may lead to synchronized responses of the central nucleus of the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus for the maintenance of homeostasis. Interactions between different neuroactive substances at the target site may serve to modulate the responses of individual neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050155
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically defined collateral projections from the pons to the central nucleus of the amygdala and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the rat (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Substance P ; Choline-acetyltransferase ; Retrograde tracers ; Immunocytochemistry ; Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus ; Dorsal raphe nucleus ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Triple fluorescence labelling was employed to reveal the distribution of chemically identified neurons within the pontine laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and dorsal raphe nucleus which supply branching collateral input to the central nucleus of the amygdala and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The chemical identity of neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus was revealed by immunocytochemical detection of choline-acetyltransferase or substance P; in the dorsal raphe nucleus, the chemical content of the neurons was revealed with antibody recognizing serotonin. The projections were defined by injections of two retrograde tracers, rhodamine-and fluorescein-labelled latex microspheres, in the central nucleus of the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus, respectively. Neurons projecting to both the central nucleus of the amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus were distributed primarily within the caudal extensions of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and dorsal raphe nucleus. Approximately 11% and 7% of the labelled cells in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus and dorsal raphe nucleus projected via branching collaterals to the paraventricular nucleus and central nucleus of the amygdala. About half of these neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus were cholinergic, and one-third were substance-P-ergic; in the dorsal raphe nucleus, approximately half of the neurons containing both retrograde tracers were serotonergic. These results indicate that pontine neurons may simultaneously transmit signals to the central nucleus of the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus and that several different neuroactive substances are found in the neurons participating in these pathways. This coordinated signalling may lead to synchronized responses of the central nucleus of the amygdala and paraventricular nucleus for the maintenance of homeostasis. Interactions between different neuroactive substances at the target site may serve to modulate the responses of individual neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327776
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical characterization of haemocytes of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari; Chelicerata) (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 493-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Haemocytes ; Immunocytes ; invertebrate ; Immunity ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ixodes ricinus (Chelicerata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Haemocytes of the hard tick Ixodes ricinus were characterized on the basis of their ultrastructure, their ability to ingest foreign material, and to produce or store molecules of the immune defence. Distinction was made between types of haemocytes according to the absence or presence of granular inclusions, shape and size of the lysosomal compartment or the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and ultrastructural and functional similarity to the corresponding haemocytes of insects. Three types of haemocytes were found in adult ticks: plasmatocytes and type-I and type-II granular haemocytes, respectively. The precipitated reaction product of acid phosphatase activity revealed the shape of the lysosomal compartment. The additional injection of particulate materials into the haemocoel further revealed the endocytic activity of the haemocytes. The lysozyme-like immunoreactivity of the haemocytes suggests bactericidal potential. Detection of immunoreactivity in haemocytes to a 25 kDa antigenic protein involved in cuticle formation further suggests their involvement in wound healing and encapsulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300222
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