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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some aspects of vortices in rotating stratified fluids (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 993-1006 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Ekman pumping ; Potential vorticity ; Vortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Ideas concerning the overturning of unstably stratified, rotating fluids are explored using potential vorticity. A set of equations governing axi-symmetric flow in a quasi-Boussinesq system are found based on the gradient wind approximation, and a transformation analogous to that developed byHoskins [6] is used. The time-development of a linear, thermally unstable vortex under the action of Ekman pumping is studied with these equations. The changing radial scale during amplification of the vortex is well represented. Finally, some exact steady vortex states for stably stratified fluids are found and their possible relevance to atmospheric vortices is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874667
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of insulin on plasma amino acid levels in the Northern pike, Esox lucius L (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 12 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cod and bovine insulin (2 i.u. kg−1) were injected intra-arterially into cannulated Northern pike, Esox lucius L. and the levels of 13 plasma amino acids analysed by gas-liquid chroma-tography after 9 and 48 h. Both insulins caused an equally significant reduction in the level of each amino acid after 9 h which was followed by a recovery to near-control levels after 48 h. The data support the hypothesis that insulin plays a major role in the regulation of protein metabolism in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1978.tb04194.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of starvation and force-feeding on the metabolism of the Northern pike, Esox lucius L. (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 8 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of starvation and force-feeding on certain tissue and blood constituents were studied in the Northern pike, Esox lucius L. Starvation resulted in a reduction of liver and muscle glycogen and liver lipid. Blood glucose concentration and haematocrit were reduced, total plasma cholesterol levels were increased, while the levels of plasma free fatty acids (FFA), amio acid nitrogen and protein remained unaltered. No significant changes were observed in either muscle protein, muscle water or the response to amino acid loading during the starvation period.The force-feeding of pike starved for 3 months resulted in liver lipid and muscle glycogen being increased to levels higher than those observed in freshly-captured fish. Liver glycogen, however, increased to values only slightly higher than those of starved animals. Furthermore, while force-feeding had little effect on plasma FFA or protein concentrations, blood glucose, plasma cholesterol and haematocrit returned to the levels found in freshlycaptured fish and those of amino acid nitrogen were higher.The results indicate that pike are well adapted for periods of prolonged starvation and that hepatic and extra-hepatic lipid and glycogen stores serve for metabolic needs during food shortage, while body protein is conserved. The endocrine basis for these changes in the tissue and blood constituents is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1976.tb03909.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meteorology: Watery model for microbursts (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 317 (1985), S. 572-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] AN INGENIOUS laboratoy simulation of the microburst - a severe hazard to aircraft on landing and taking off, and the probable cause of the fatal accident at Dallas, Fort Worth Airport in August-is reported by P.P. Linden and J.E. Simpson on page 601 of this issue. In the simulation, a dense fluid ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/317572a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin found at last? (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 331 (1988), S. 483-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE discovery of an insulin-related neuropeptide in the cerebral ganglia of the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis reported by Smit et at. on page 535 of this issue1 provides convincing evidence that functionally important peptide structures have been conserved through a very long period of evolution. Such ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/331483a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The long-range forecast (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 344 (1990), S. 718-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/344718a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and functional significance of Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7-and Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-like peptides in the blowflyCalliphora vomitoria (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 147-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 ; Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 ; Neurosecretory cells of insects ; Neuropeptides ; Co-existence of peptides ; Blowfly,Calliphora vomitoria (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal pathways in the retrocerebral complex and thoracico-abdominal ganglionic mass of the blowflyCalliphora vomitoria have been identified immunocytochemically with antisera against the extended-enkephalins, Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (Met-7) and Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-8). Neurons of the hypocerebral ganglion, immunoreactive to Met-8, have axons in the crop duct nerve and terminals in muscles of the crop and its duct. Certain neurons of the hypocerebral ganglion are also immunoreactive to Met-7, and axons from these cells innervate the heart. Met-8 immunoreactive nerve terminals invest the cells of the corpus allatum. The source of this material is believed to ve a single pair of lateral neurosecretory cells in the brain. There is no Met-7 immunoreactive material in the corpus allatum. In the corpus cardiacum neither Met-7 nor Met-8 immunoreactivity is present in the cells. However, in the neuropil of the gland certain fibres, with their origins elsewhere, do contain Met-8 immunoreactivity. The most prominent neurons in the thoracic ganglion are the Met-7 immunoreactive ventral thoracic neurosecretory cells, axons from which project to neurohaemal areas in the dorsal neural sheath and also, via the ventral connective, to the brain. Co-localisation studies show that the perikarya of these cells are immunoreactive to antisera raised against several vertebrate-type peptides, such as Met-7, gastrin/cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide. However, their axons and terminals show varying amounts of the peptides, suggesting differential transport and utilisation. Only a few cells in the thoracic ganglion are immunoreactive to Met-8 antisera. These lie close to the nerve bundles suppling the legs. In the abdominal ganglion, Met-8 immunoreactive neurons project to the muscles of the hindgut. This study suggests that the extended enkephalin-like peptides ofCalliphora may have a variety of different roles: as neurotransmitter or neuromodulator substances; in the direct innervation of effector organs; and as neurohormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571439
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical mapping of neuronal pathways from brain to corpora cardiaca/corpora allata in the cockroach Diploptera punctata with antisera against Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 285-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neuropeptides ; Allatostatins ; Neurosecretory cells ; Corpus cardiacum/corpus allatum complex ; Diploptera punctata, Calliphora vomitoria (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal circuits in the brain and retrocerebral complex of the cockroach Diploptera punctata have been mapped immunocytochemically with antisera directed against the extended enkephalin, Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-8). The pathways link median and lateral neurosecretory cells with the corpus cardiacum/corpus allatum complex. In females, nerve fibres penetrate the corpora allata and varicosities or terminals, immunoreactive to Met-8, surround the glandular cells. Males differ in having almost no Met-8 immunoreactivity in the corpora allata. The corpora cardiaca of both males and females are richly supplied with Met-8 immunoreactive material, in particular in the ‘cap’ regions immediately adjacent to the corpora allata. A similarity in the amino-acid sequences of Met-8 and the C-terminus of the recently characterised allatostatins of D. punctata suggests that the pathways identified with the Met-8 antisera may be the same as those by which the allatostatins are transported from the brain to the corpus allatum. In comparative studies on the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria, similar neuronal pathways have been identified except that no sexual dimophism with respect to amounts of immunoreactive material within the corpus allatum has been observed. These results suggest a possible homology in the neuropeptide regulation of the gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318770
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leu-callatostatin gene expression in the blowflies Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia cuprina studied by in situ hybridisation: comparison with Leu-callatostatin confocal laser scanning immunocytochemistry (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 355-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Leu-callatostatin ; Allatostatins ; Neuropeptides ; In situ hybridisation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Hindgut innervation ; Midgut endocrine cells ; Calliphora vomitoria, Lucilia cuprina (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In situ hybridisation studies using a digoxigenin-labelled DNA probe encoding the Leu-callatostatin prohormone of the blowflies Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia cuprina have revealed a variety of neurones in the brain and thoracico-abdominal ganglion, peripheral neurosecretory neurones, and endocrine cells of the midgut. With two exceptions, the hybridising cells are the same as those previously identified in immunocytochemical studies of sections and whole-mounts using Leu-callatostatin COOH-terminal-specific antisera. Within the brain and suboesophageal ganglion, there is a variety of neurones ranging from a single pair of large cells situated in the dorsal protocerebrum, to the several pairs of neurones in the tritocerebrum, some of which, in immunocytochemical preparations, can be seen to project via axons in the cervical connective to the thoracico-abdominal ganglion. In the medulla of the optic lobes, numerous small interneurones hybridise with the probe, as do clusters of similar-sized neurones close to the roots of the ocellar nerves. These results indicate that the Leu-callatostatin neuropeptides of the brain play a variety of roles in neurotransmission and neuromodulation. There are only three pairs of Leu-callatostatin-immunoreactive neurones in the thoracico-abdominal ganglion, at least two pairs of which project axons along the median abdominal nerve to provide extensive innervation of the hindgut. The Leu-callatostatin peripheral neurosecretory cells are located in close association with both nerve and muscle fibres in the thorax. In addition to neuronal Leu-callatostatin, the presence of the peptide and its mRNA has been demonstrated in endocrine cells in the posterior part of the midgut. These observations provide an example of a named brain/gut peptide in an insect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307808
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leu-callatostatin gene expression in the blowflies Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia cuprina studied by in situ hybridisation: comparison with Leu-callatostatin confocal laser scanning immunocytochemistry (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 355-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Leu-callatostatin ; Allatostatins ; Neuropeptides ; In situ hybridisation ; Immunocytochemistry ; Hindgut innervation ; Midgut endocrine cells ; Calliphora vomitoria ; Lucilia cuprina (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In situ hybridisation studies using a digoxigenin-labelled DNA probe encoding the Leu-callatostatin prohormone of the blowflies Calliphora vomitoria and Lucilia cuprina have revealed a variety of neurones in the brain and thoracico-abdominal ganglion, peripheral neurosecretory neurones, and endocrine cells of the midgut. With two exceptions, the hybridising cells are the same as those previously identified in immunocytochemical studies of sections and whole-mounts using Leu-callatostatin COOH-terminal-specific antisera. Within the brain and suboesophageal ganglion, there is a variety of neurones ranging from a single pair of large cells situated in the dorsal protocerebrum, to the several pairs of neurones in the tritocerebrum, some of which, in immunocytochemical preparations, can be seen to project via axons in the cervical connective to the thoracico-abdominal ganglion. In the medulla of the optic lobes, numerous small interneurones hybridise with the probe, as do clusters of similar-sized neurones close to the roots of the ocellar nerves. These results indicate that the Leu-callatostatin neuropeptides of the brain play a variety of roles in neurotransmission and neuromodulation. There are only three pairs of Leu-callatostatin-immunoreactive neurones in the thoracico-abdominal ganglion, at least two pairs of which project axons along the median abdominal nerve to provide extensive innervation of the hindgut. The Leu-callatostatin peripheral neurosecretory cells are located in close association with both nerve and muscle fibres in the thorax. In addition to neuronal Leu-callatostatin, the presence of the peptide and its mRNA has been demonstrated in endocrine cells in the posterior part of the midgut. These observations provide an example of a named brain/gut peptide in an insect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307808
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