ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

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Changes in protein ubiquitination and the expression of ubiquitin-encoding transcripts in daylily petals during floral development and senescence (1994)

Courtney, S. E. ; Rider, C. C. ; Stead, A. D.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Physiologia plantarum 91 (1994), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: The occurrence of ubiquitin-protein conjugates and the expression of ubiquitin genes during floral development and senescence of Hemerocallis fulva (daylily) is reported. Daylily petal proteins were extracted at various stages of floral development and the abundance of ubiquitinated proteins determined by western blotting with affinity purified antibody to ubiquitin. Up to 100 ubiquitin conjugates in the molecular mass range 22–220 kDa were detected within the petals during bud development through to flower opening. The intensity of several of the ubiquitinated protein bands changed markedly during flower opening and/or senescence. Ubiquitinated proteins of apparent molecular masses 160, 105 and 29 kDa were intense in the daylily bud, but rapidly disappeared after flower opening, whereas ubiquitinated proteins of apparent molecular masses 26 and 15.5 kDa increased in intensity as the flowers senesced. Treatment of daylily buds with a 1-h pulse of cycloheximide as the flowers commenced opening prevented these changes; this treatment also delayed the onset of visual signs of senescence by 5–6 days. Analysis by northern blotting demonstrated differential expression of ubiquitin transcripts by the multi-ubiquitin gene family during floral development and senescence. Inhibition of petal senescence by treatment with cycloheximide resulted in the accumulation of several ubiquitin-encoding transcripts and the down-regulation of a 3.4 kb transcript. Overall, these studies suggest that ubiquitin is involved in the degradation of many petal proteins during floral development and senescence and that, during senescence, this selective degradation is occurring against a background of net proteolysis.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb00419.x

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2

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Pollination-induced ethylene and production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid by pollen ofNicotiana tabacum cv White Burley (1987)

Hill, S. E. ; Stead, A. D. ; Nichols, R.

Springer

Journal of plant growth regulation 6 (1987), S. 1-13

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ISSN: 1435-8107

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv White Burley) pollen contains high levels of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC; ∼2700 nmol/g). Such large amounts, however, do not appear until very late in the development of the anthers. Washing pollen in Kwacks medium (10% sucrose) removes nearly 40% of the pollen-held ACC. Pollination of isolated styles with washed pollen results in lower ethylene production than that of styles pollinated with unwashed pollen. No reduction in viability of washed pollen was observed in situ, although loss of viability occurred in vitro. Physical wounding of the stylar tissue induced a relatively small increase in ethylene production when compared to that induced by pollination. The results suggest that pollen-held ACC may participate in pollination-induced ethylene production in this species; however, further promotion of ethylene biosynthesis must occur in response to some other factor associated with pollination.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02025370

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3

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Studies on flower longevity in Digitalis (1983)

Stead, A. D. ; Moore, K. G.

Springer

Planta 157 (1983), S. 15-21

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Abscission ; Corolla (abscission) ; Digitalis ; Ethylene and abscission ; Pollination

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The flowers of Digitalis purpurea respond to pollination by rapid corolla abscission without any loss of corolla turgor, nor any significant loss of corolla constituents, relative to the corollas of unpollinated flowers of a similar age. The corollas of unpollinated flowers too eventually abscise, 6 d after the stigma opens, however, they do so with only a minimal loss of fresh weight or corolla constituents. Pollination causes an increase in ethylene production detectable within 1 h. Increased ethylene production occurs initially only from the upper portion of the style, later from the lower portion, and lastly, between 23 and 48 h after pollination, from the ovary plus calyx. The pollination response can be induced by exogenous ethylene, the degree of weakening of the corolla abscission zone being dependent upon the concentration and duration of the exposure period and on the stage of flower development. The regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and its involvement in the control of pollination-induced corolla abscission are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394535

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4

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Pollen stigma interactions in Brassica oleracea (1980)

Roberts, I. N. ; Stead, A. D. ; Ockendon, D. J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 241-246

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ISSN: 1432-2242

Keywords: Brassica ; Pollen germination ; Pollen surface ; Self-incompatibility ; Stigma surface

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary Recent studies on the mechanism of self-incompatibility in Brassica indicate the location, nature and mode of action of the molecules involved. Characteristics of the pollen surface and the stigma surface are described in detail, together with new information pertaining to the recognition molecules located therein. A sequence of events is outlined leading from pollination, through adhesion, hydration, germination, and tube growth to acceptance and ultimate compatibility. The characteristics of rejection of incompatible grains are described for each stage of the pollen-stigma interaction. It is proposed that recognition of proteins from the coating of self-pollen by the molecules in the pellicle results in the formation of a biologically-active complex which inhibits water supply to the incompatible grain, and that all other manifestations of incompatibility are a consequence of this initial response.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265173

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5

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Pollen-pistil interaction in Brassica oleracea (1979)

Stead, A. D. ; Roberts, I. N. ; Dickinson, H. G.

Springer

Planta 146 (1979), S. 211-216

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Brassica ; Pollen adhesion ; Pollen hydration ; Self-incompatibility ; Tryphine mobility

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Quantitative studies of the adhesion of pollen grains to the stigma in Brassica oleracea revealed that self-pollen is initially less firmly bound than cross-pollen. The pollen grain tryphine, believed to be important in the adhesion process, has been shown to differ in mobility following self- and cross-pollination when observed using fluorescent probes. The hydration of the pollen grains has been investigated in vitro by measuring the changes in shape, volume and fresh weight of the imbibing grains. Whilst little change in volume could be detected there was a considerable increase in fresh weight together with a change of shape. The significance of these events, which occur prior to pollen germination, is discussed in relation to their effect upon subsequent germination and expression of self-incompatibility.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388234

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A glycoprotein associated with the acquisition of the self-incompatibility system by maturing stigmas of Brassica oleracea (1979)

Roberts, I. N. ; Stead, A. D. ; Ockendon, D. J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Planta 146 (1979), S. 179-183

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Brassica ; Cellular recognition ; Glycoproteins ; Self-incompatibility

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Iso-electric focusing of extracts derived from stigmatic homogenates of Brassica oleracea reveals that the mature stigma possesses large quantities of a glycoprotein not present in earlier stages of development in the bud. Pollen germination experiments carried out in parallel with the biochemical tests suggest that the appearance of this glycoprotein, which has an isoelectric point of pH 5.8, is coincident with the development of the self-incompatibility response. The site of this protein, and the role it may play in pollen-stigma interactions are discussed in terms of current models of the self-incompatibility system in Brassica.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388229

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7

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Studies on flower longevity in Digitalis (1979)

Stead, A. D. ; Moore, K. G.

Springer

Planta 146 (1979), S. 409-414

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Corolla abscission ; Digitalis ; Flower longevity ; Pollination

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Flower lifespan was terminated by corolla abscission 5–6 days after stigma opening in the unpollinated flower. Increased pollen loads produced increased seed set and reduced flower longevity progressively to a minimum of one day after pollination with pure pollen. Weakening of the abscission zone was detectable 8 h after pollination, whilst the pollen tubes were still within the stigmatic zone, suggesting that a stimulus, moving at 4 mm h−1 minimum, was transmitted through the style and ovary. Soon after pollination removal of the stigma prevented the pollination-induced corolla abscission. Later it was necessary to remove the stigma and upper style, and later still the whole style to delay abscission. The progressive induction of the stigma and style took place at a rate of 1.5 mm h−1, in advance of the pollen tubes which grew at 0.75 mm h−1. It was not possible to reproduce the pollination effects by application of indoleacetic acid (IAA) to the stigma or the style.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380853

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8

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Pollination-induced flower senescence: a review (1992)

Stead, A. D.

Springer

Plant growth regulation 11 (1992), S. 13-20

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ISSN: 1573-5087

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Ethylene has long been implicated in the control of the senescence of many cut flower species, but the control of senescence in relation to wild species has received much less attention. The longevity of individual flowers varies greatly from species to species; in some each flower is open for just a few hours, whilst in others the flower may persist for several weeks, or even months. The functional life of the flower may be terminated by petal wilting, abscission or a colour change of all, or part, of the perianth. In some species pollination appears to reduce floral longevity whilst in others, particularly those species having short-lived flowers, the pattern of flower development and senescence appears unaffected by pollination. Examples of the various pollination-induced strategies shown by plants are presented and the role of ethylene and other potential mediators of senescence in these processes discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024427

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9

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The formation of aplastidic abscission (tmema) cells and protonemal disruption in the mossBryum tenuisetum Limpr. is associated with transverse arrays of microtubules and microfilaments (1993)

Goode, J. A. ; Alfano, F. ; Stead, A. D. ; [et al.]

Springer

Protoplasma 174 (1993), S. 158-172

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ISSN: 1615-6102

Keywords: Abscission ; Actin filaments ; Cytokinesis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Microtubules ; Moss protonema ; Preprophase band

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary When grown on nutrient agar, protonemata ofBryum tenuisetum produce aerial filaments containing several abscission or tmema cells (TC). Basipetal migration of the nucleus and some of the chloroplasts signals the onset of TC formation. This is followed by the creation of a plastid-free zone at the base of the mother cell. The ensuing cytokinesis produces a very short aplastidic TC. This expands without the deposition of new wall material. Eventually the wall ruptures around the equator thus disrupting the protonemal filament. The site of wall breakdown is marked by a narrow band of cortical cytoplasm containing colocalized circumferential rings of actin filaments and microtubules. A transverse band of microtubules appears at the extreme basal end of the tmema mother cell. This band, which is not colocalized with actin filaments, migrates distally over the surface of the nucleus. Intimate spatial and developmental correlations suggest that this transverse array of the microtubules has a key role in excluding plastids from the TC. It is therefore considered not to be homologous with a preprophase band.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01379048

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