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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 168-168 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 241-246 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica ; Pollen germination ; Pollen surface ; Self-incompatibility ; Stigma surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Recent studies on the mechanism of self-incompatibility in Brassica indicate the location, nature and mode of action of the molecules involved. Characteristics of the pollen surface and the stigma surface are described in detail, together with new information pertaining to the recognition molecules located therein. A sequence of events is outlined leading from pollination, through adhesion, hydration, germination, and tube growth to acceptance and ultimate compatibility. The characteristics of rejection of incompatible grains are described for each stage of the pollen-stigma interaction. It is proposed that recognition of proteins from the coating of self-pollen by the molecules in the pellicle results in the formation of a biologically-active complex which inhibits water supply to the incompatible grain, and that all other manifestations of incompatibility are a consequence of this initial response.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Brassica ; Cellular recognition ; Glycoproteins ; Self-incompatibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Iso-electric focusing of extracts derived from stigmatic homogenates of Brassica oleracea reveals that the mature stigma possesses large quantities of a glycoprotein not present in earlier stages of development in the bud. Pollen germination experiments carried out in parallel with the biochemical tests suggest that the appearance of this glycoprotein, which has an isoelectric point of pH 5.8, is coincident with the development of the self-incompatibility response. The site of this protein, and the role it may play in pollen-stigma interactions are discussed in terms of current models of the self-incompatibility system in Brassica.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 33-38 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cauliflowers ; Anther culture ; Responsiveness ; Variance components of embryo yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Eleven F1 hybrid cultivars of cauliflower, representing a range of maturity types, were examined for their responsiveness to anther culture. Embryos were produced from each of the cultivars tested, and the mean embryo yield varied from 82.2 embryos per 100 anthers cultured for cv Dova to 0.6 embryos for cv Serrano. Variation between genotypes and between plants within a genotype was significant, both in terms of embryo yield and percentage responsive anthers. Autumn and winter maturing cauliflowers were generally more responsive than summer types. Embryo yields were enhanced by culturing anthers on solid rather than on liquid media. An increase in concentration of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/l also increased embryo yield. Embryo yield was doubled when anthers were cultured on solid media containing 0.3 mg/l 2,4-D compared to liquid media containing 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D. Although bud size alone did not have a significant effect on embryo production, genotype x bud size and plant x bud size (within genotype) interactions were significant. Estimation of the variance components demonstrated that, apart from the residual plate-to-plate variation, variation between plants was the largest source of variation, accounting for approximately 30% of total variance. Plant x bud size (within genotype) interaction accounted for 18% of total variance and genotypic differences for approximately 8%.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Brassica oleracea ; S haplotype ; Self-incompatibility ; RFLP ; IEF
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Forty three S tester lines of Brassica oleracea were characterized using DNA and protein gel-blotting analyses. DNA gel-blot analysis of HindIII-digested genomic DNA with class-I and class-II SLG probes revealed that 40 lines could be classified as class-I S haplotypes while three lines could be classified as class-II S haplotypes. The band patterns in the S tester lines were highly polymorphic. Although the S tester lines typically showed two bands corresponding to SLG and SRK in the analysis with the class-I SLG probe, only one band was observed in the S 24 homozygote. This band was identified as SRK, suggesting that this haplotype has no class-I SLG band. In the analysis using the class-II SLG probe, one plant yielded a different band pattern from the known class-II haplotypes, S 2 , S 5 and S 15 . Unexpectedly, this plant was reciprocally cross-incompatible with the S 2 haplotype. Therefore, it was designated as S 2-b . We found an S 13 haplotype having a restriction fragment length polymorphism different from that of the S 13 homozygotes of the S tester line. These findings indicate that S homozygous lines with the same S specificity do not necessarily show the same band pattern in the DNA gel-blot analysis. Soluble stigma proteins of 32 S homozygotes were separated by isoelectric focusing and detected using anti-S 22 SLG antiserum. S haplotype-specific bands were detected in 27 S homozygotes but not in five S homozygotes, including the S 24 homozygote. This is consistent with the observation that the S 24 haplotype had no SLG band.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 566-570 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Brassica ; Anther culture ; Embryos ; Heritability ; Responsiveness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Eight inbred lines of Brussels sprouts and ten F1 hybrids derived from them were tested for their response to anther culture. From 5–19 plants per genotype were tested, and each plant was tested on 3–6 separate occasions. Results from the inbred lines were broadly similar to those from the F1 hybrids, despite the inbreds producing fewer buds and having a higher frequency of anther deformities. The maximum embryo yield from an inbred line was 215 embryos per 100 anthers, and from a hybrid was 275. From estimation of the variance components it was calculated that, for both inbreds and hybrids, about half the total variation was genetic whereas variation due to plants within genotypes and to occasions within plants were each about 13% of the total. The narrow sense heritability of responsiveness to anther culture (estimated by the proportion of variation between inbred lines which was genetic) was 0.48, and there was partial dominance for this character. In three cases the hybrid outyielded the better inbred, and this heterosis may well be due to dispersed dominant genes.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 335-342 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Brassica oleracea ; Self-incompatibility ; SRK ; DNA polymorphism ; PCR-RFLP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  DNA polymorphism of the S-locus receptor kinase gene (SRK) participating in self-incompatibility in Brassica was analyzed by PCR-RFLP and nucleotide sequencing. In the screening of primers for specific amplification of polymorphic DNA fragments of SRK, the best combination was that of a forward primer (PK1) having the nucleotide sequence of the second exon of S6 SRK and a reverse primer (PK4) having the complementary nucleotide sequence of the fifth exon of S6 SRK. PCR using this primer pair amplified DNA fragments of 0.9–1.0 kb from 36 S haplotypes out of 42 tested. These DNA fragments showed high polymorphism in polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis after digestion with restriction endonuclease(s): 25 types were found in a double digestion with MboI and AfaI. Nucleotide sequencing of the DNA fragments amplified from five S haplotypes showed that the third, fourth, and fifth exons of SRK are highly conserved, and that there are high variations of the second and third introns of SRK, which produced polymorphism of the band pattern in PCR-RFLPs. Another forward primer (PK5) having the nucleotide sequence of the second exon, which is derived from S2 SRK, amplified DNA fragments of almost the same region of SRK from 27 S haplotypes in combination with PK4. Although SRK alleles of the class-II S haplotypes were not amplified, all of the class-I S-haplotypes were amplified with a primer mixture of PK1, PK4 and PK5. The DNA fragments of both SRK alleles in S heterozygotes, or a 1 : 1 mixture of the genomic DNA of different S homozygotes, were amplified without exception, suggesting the usefulness of these primers for the identification of S heterozygotes. The DNA fragment sizes obtained by digestion with restriction endonucleases served as markers for the identification of S haplotypes.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 58 (1980), S. 11-15 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: S-alleles ; Dominance ; Anthocyanin ; Broccoli ; Cauliflower
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 182 plants representing 7 cultivars of Cape broccoli were tested for their S-alleles using the standard Brassica S-allele collection. In all but 12 plants both S-alleles were identified. A total of 20 different S-alleles were found, 9 of which occurred in the autumn types but not in the spring, 5 of which occurred in the spring types and not the autumn, and 6 of which were common to both. Most of the S-alleles detected in Cape broccoli were also found in Brussels sprouts or kales, but of the three which were not, two were confined to Cape broccoli while the third occurred only in Cape broccoli and Savoy cabbage. By far the commonest S-allele in Cape broccoli was S2, with an overall frequency of 35%. Three S-alleles were found (S14, S25 & S45) which were completely recessive in the stigma in certain combinations. The general pattern of distribution of S-alleles in Cape broccoli, with highly unequal frequencies, was similar to that in Brussels sprouts. The results indicate a high level of outcrossing in Cape broccoli which has implications for the breeding of this crop.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 7 (1994), S. 203-208 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Brassica oleracea ; Self-incompatibility ; S alleles ; PCR identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A molecular technique for the identification of S-alleles involved in self-incompatibility has been used to analyse the S-allele reference collection of Brassica oleracea. The reference collection contains nearly 50 different lines each with a different S-allele present in the homozygous state. The technique consists of amplifying by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequences belonging to the S multigene sequence family using a single pair of conserved primers. PCR products are then analysed further by digestion with six restriction enzymes followed by gel electrophoresis of the digestion products. A simple method of estimating the band sizes of the digestion products is described. The S-locus-related sequences can be distinguished from S-locus glycoprotein and S-receptor kinase genes by the restriction patterns. Furthermore, with any one restriction enzyme, several alleles showed the same restriction pattern. Alleles could therefore be grouped together. With two exceptions, each member of the S-allele reference collection showed a unique set of restriction patterns. Investigation of the exceptions using pollen tube growth tests showed that these accessions represented duplications within the collection. This technique therefore provides a simple and useful method for identifying different S-alleles.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 52 (1978), S. 113-117 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Self-incompatibility ; Brassica ; Humidity ; Hexane ; Flower Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of hexane, high humidity, flower age and temperature in overcoming the self-incompatibility of Brassica oleracea were studied using three plants, each of which was homozygous for a different dominant S-allele. Hexane had a significant effect in all cases, but the size of the effect varied considerably. In one plant there was a marked interaction between the effect of hexane, humidity and flower age, but temperature had relatively little effect. In another plant high humidity alone gave a very much greater response than hexane alone. This plant gave as many self-seeds from the high humidity treatment as from bud selfing, indicating that the incompatibility reaction was almost completely overcome by the high humidity. The results are discussed in the light of current views of the mechanism of incompatibility in Brassica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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