ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: This book, entitled Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments: Volume 6 – Sedimentary DNA, provides an overview of the applications of sedimentary DNA-based approaches to paleolimnological studies. These approaches have shown considerable potential in providing information about the long-term changes of overall biodiversity in lakes and their watersheds in response to natural and anthropogenic changes, as well as tracking human migrations over the last thousands of years. Although the first studies investigating the preservation of these molecular proxies in sediments originate from the late-1990s, the number of scientific publications on this topic has increased greatly over the last five years. Alongside numerous ecological findings, several sedimentary DNA studies have been dedicated to understanding the reliability of this approach to reconstruct past ecosystem changes. Despite the major surge of interest, a comprehensive compilation of sedimentary DNA approaches and applications has yet to be attempted. The overall aim of this DPER volume is to fill this knowledge gap.

Description / Table of Contents: This book addresses the main enigmas of Easter Island’s (Rapa Nui, in the Polynesian language) prehistory from the time of initial settlement to European contact with a multidisciplinary perspective. The main topics include: (i) the time of first settlement and the origin of the first settlers; (ii) the main features of prehistoric Rapanui culture and their changes; (iii) the deforestation of the island and its timing and causes; (iv) the extinction of the indigenous biota, (v) the occurrence of climatic shifts and their potential effects on socioecological trends; (vi) the evidence for a cultural and demographic collapse before European contact; and (vii) the influence of Europeans on prehistoric Rapanui society. The book is subdivided into thematic sections and each chapter is written by renowned specialists in disciplines such as archaeology, anthropology, paleoecology, ethnography, linguistics, ethnobotany, phylogenetics/phylogeography and history. Contributors have been invited to provide an open and objective vision that includes as many views as possible on the topics considered. In this way, the readers may be able to compare different of points of view and make their own interpretations on each of the subjects considered. The book is intended for a wide audience including graduate students, advanced undergraduate students, university teachers and researchers interested in the subject. Given its multidisciplinary character and the topics included, the book is suitable for students and researchers from a wide range of disciplines and interests.

Description / Table of Contents: Data Science and Earth System Science -- The Digital Earth project: focus and agenda -- Data analysis and exploration with visual approaches -- Data analysis and exploration with computational approaches -- Data analysis and exploration with scientific workflows -- The Digital Earth SMART monitoring concept and tools -- Interdisciplinary collaboration -- Evaluating the success of the Digital Earth project -- Lessons learned in the Digital Earth project.

Description / Table of Contents: This open access book presents the results of three years collaboration between earth scientists and data scientist, in developing and applying data science methods for scientific discovery. The book will be highly beneficial for other researchers at senior and graduate level, interested in applying visual data exploration, computational approaches and scientifc workflows.

Description / Table of Contents: Python is used in a wide range of geoscientific applications, such as in processing images for remote sensing, in generating and processing digital elevation models, and in analyzing time series. This book introduces methods of data analysis in the geosciences using Python that include basic statistics for univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data sets, time series analysis, and signal processing; the analysis of spatial and directional data; and image analysis. The text includes numerous examples that demonstrate how Python can be used on data sets from the earth sciences. The supplementary electronic material (available online through Springer Link) contains the example data as well as recipes that include all the Python commands featured in the book.

Description / Table of Contents: This book explores the PhD experience as never before and provides a “survival guide” for current and prospective PhD students. The book investigates why mental health issues are so common among the postgraduate population, going beyond the statistics, looking at lived experience of both the author and as well as current PhD students, who have found balancing mental wellness with the PhD endeavour challenging. The author discusses tips and tricks she wished she had known at the start of her PhD process for managing mental health, such as managing imposter feelings, prioritising workload, and self-care strategies to help others throughout their own journey. The book goes beyond typical mental health discussions (where the focus for improving mental health is placed on PhD students to become “more resilient”) and explores some of the often unspoken environmental factors that can impact mental health. These include the PhD student-supervisor relationship, the pressure to publish, and deep systemic problems in academia, such as racism, bullying and harassment. Finally, the book is a call to action, providing tangible improvements from the author’s perspective that university institutions can make to ensure that academia is a place for all to thrive.

Description / Table of Contents: Data Science and Earth System Science -- The Digital Earth project: focus and agenda -- Data analysis and exploration with visual approaches -- Data analysis and exploration with computational approaches -- Data analysis and exploration with scientific workflows -- The Digital Earth SMART monitoring concept and tools -- Interdisciplinary collaboration -- Evaluating the success of the Digital Earth project -- Lessons learned in the Digital Earth project.

Description / Table of Contents: This open access book presents the results of three years collaboration between earth scientists and data scientist, in developing and applying data science methods for scientific discovery. The book will be highly beneficial for other researchers at senior and graduate level, interested in applying visual data exploration, computational approaches and scientifc workflows.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Gravity Field Modelling and Height Systems -- Orbit Optimization for Future Satellite Gravity Field Missions: Influence of the Time Variable Gravity Field Models in a Genetic Algorithm Approach. Comparison of Criteria for the Identification of Correlated Orders in GRACE Spherical Harmonic Coefficients -- Second- and Third-Order Derivatives of the Somigliana-Pizzetti Reference Gravity Field -- On the Advantage of Normal Heights -- Green’s Function Method Extended by Successive Approximations and Applied to Earth’s Gravity Field Recovery -- On Combining the Directional Solutions of the Gravitational Curvature Boundary-Value Problem -- Part II: Theory of Modern Geodetic Reference Frames -- Review of Reference Frame Representations for a Deformable Earth -- Impacts of the LARES and LARES-2 Satellite Missions on the SLR Terrestrial Reference Frame -- Permanent GNSS Network Optimization Considering Tectonic Motions -- Part III: Estimation Theory and Inverse Problems in Geodesy -- Adjustment of Gauss-Helmert Models with Autoregressive and Student Errors -- How Abnormal Are the PDFs of the DIA Method: A Quality Description in the Context of GNSS -- Controlling the BiasWithin Free Geodetic Networks -- Regularized Solutions of the Two Layers Inverse Gravimetric Problem in the Space of Bounded Variation Functions -- Converted Total Least Squares Method and Gauss-Helmert Model with Applications to Coordinate Transformations -- A Bayesian Nonlinear Regression Model Based on t-Distributed Errors -- The GNSS for Meteorology (G4M) Procedure and Its Application to Four Significant Weather Events -- Part IV: Advanced Numerical Methods in Geodesy -- Modeling the Gravitational Field by Using CFD Techniques -- Surface Loading of a Self-Gravitating, Laterally Heterogeneous Elastic Sphere: Preliminary Result for the 2D Case -- Using Structural Risk Minimization to Determine the Optimal Complexity of B-Spline Surfaces for Modelling Correlated Point Cloud Data -- On the Numerical Implementation of a Perturbation Method for Satellite Gravity Mapping -- Part V: Geodetic Data Analysis -- Non-Recursive Representation of an Autoregressive Process Within the Magic Square -- A Bootstrap Approach to Testing for Time-Variability of AR Process Coefficients in Regression Time Series with t-Distributed White Noise Components -- Identification of Suspicious Data for Robust Estimation of Stochastic Processes -- Quality and Distribution of Terrestrial Gravity Data for Precise Regional Geoid Modeling: A Generalized Setup -- Part VI: Interactions of Geodesy and Mathematics -- Geodesy and Mathematics: Interactions, Acquisitions, and Open Problems.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume gathers the proceedings of the IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy, which was held from 18 to 22 June 2018 at the Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. Since 2006, the Hotine-Marussi Symposia series has been produced under the auspices of the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT) within the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). The ICCT has organized the last four Hotine-Marussi Symposia, held in Wuhan (2006) and Rome (2009, 2013 and 2018). The overall goal of the ICCT and Hotine-Marussi Symposia has always been to advance geodetic theory, as reflected in the 25 peer-reviewed research articles presented here. The IX Hotine-Marussi Symposium was divided into 10 topical sessions covering all aspects of geodetic theory including reference frames, gravity field modelling, adjustment theory, atmosphere, time series analysis and advanced numerical methods. In total 118 participants attended the Symposium and delivered 82 oral and 37 poster presentations. During a special session at the Accademia Nazionale deiLincei, the oldest scientific academy in the world, six invited speakers discussed interactions of geodesy with oceanography, glaciology, atmospheric research, mathematics, Earth science and seismology.

Description / Table of Contents: Our realisation of how profoundly glaciers and ice sheets respond to climate change and impact sea level and the environment has propelled their study to the forefront of Earth system science. Aspects of this multidisciplinary endeavour now constitute major areas of research. This book is named after the international summer school held annually in the beautiful alpine village of Karthaus, Northern Italy, and consists of twenty chapters based on lectures from the school. They cover theory, methods, and observations, and introduce readers to essential glaciological topics such as ice-flow dynamics, polar meteorology, mass balance, ice-core analysis, paleoclimatology, remote sensing and geophysical methods, glacial isostatic adjustment, modern and past glacial fluctuations, and ice sheet reconstruction. The chapters were written by thirty-four contributing authors who are leading international authorities in their fields. The book can be used as a graduate-level textbook for a university course, and as a valuable reference guide for practising glaciologists and climate scientists.

Description / Table of Contents: Basics of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques -- In-situ Measurement Techniques -- Remote Sensing Techniques (Ground-Based) -- Remote Sensing Techniques (Space- and Aircraft-Based) -- Complex Measurements - Methods and Applications -- Measurements Networks.

Description / Table of Contents: This practical handbook provides a clearly structured, concise and comprehensive account of the huge variety of atmospheric and related measurements relevant to meteorologists and for the purpose of weather forecasting and climate research, but also to the practitioner in the wider field of environmental physics and ecology. The Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements is divided into six parts: The first part offers instructive descriptions of the basics of atmospheric measurements and the multitude of their influencing factors, fundamentals of quality control and standardization, as well as equations and tables of atmospheric, water, and soil quantities. The subsequent parts present classical in-situ measurements as well as remote sensing techniques from both ground-based as well as airborn or satellite-based methods. The next part focusses on complex measurements and methods that integrate different techniques to establish more holistic data. Brief discussions of measurements in soils and water, at plants, in urban and rural environments and for renewable energies demonstrate the potential of such applications. The final part provides an overview of atmospheric and ecological networks. Written by distinguished experts from academia and industry, each of the 64 chapters provides in-depth discussions of the available devices with their specifications, aspects of quality control, maintenance as well as their potential for the future. A large number of thoroughly compiled tables of physical quantities, sensors and system characteristics make this handbook a unique, universal and useful reference for the practitioner and absolutely essential for researchers, students, and technicians. .

Description / Table of Contents: This book is of paramount importance in the fields of engineering and applied sciences, given that through the values obtained by these procedures, many structures, like spillways of dams and highway culverts, are designed and constructed. The main aim of this book is to provide procedures for implementing many probability distribution functions, all of them based on using a standard and a common computational application known as Excel, which is available to any personal computer user. The computer procedures are given in enough detail, so readers can develop their own Excel worksheets. All the probability distribution functions in the book have schemes to estimate its parameters, quantiles, and confidence limits through the methods of moments and maximum likelihood.

Description / Table of Contents: This book is a part of ICL new book series “ICL Contribution to Landslide Disaster Risk Reduction” founded in 2019. Peer-reviewed papers submitted to the Fifth World Landslide Forum were published in six volumes of this book series. This book contains the followings: Part I with topics is mainly about landslides and earthquakes; landslide dams and outburst floods; catastrophic large-scale landslides in mountainous regions. Part II with topics is mainly about impact of climate change; loess landslides; mapping, monitoring and modeling of landslides; stabilization and mitigation; application of new technology in landslide studies. Prof. Vít Vilímek is a member of the evaluation committee of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL), Editor-in-Chief of the university journal AUC Geographica and Associate Editor-in-Chief of the international journal Geoenvironmental Disasters. He is a Professor of Physical Geography at Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. Prof. Fawu Wang is the President of the International Consortium on Geo-disaster Reduction (ICGdR) and the Editor-in-Chief of the international journal Geoenvironmental Disasters. He is a Professor at the School of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, China. Dr. Alexander Strom is a chief expert at the Geodynamics Research Center LLC, Moscow, Russia. He is also an Adjunct Professor at Chang’an University, Xi’an, China, Visiting Professor at SKLGP, Chengdu, China, and an alternative representative of the JSC “Hydroproject Institute” in ICL. Prof. Kyoji Sassa is the Founding President and the Secretary-General of the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL). He has been the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal Landslides since its foundation in 2004. Prof. Peter Bobrowsky is the President of the International Consortium on Landslides. He is a Senior Scientist of Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. Prof. Kaoru Takara is the Executive Director of the International Consortium on Landslides. He is a Professor and Dean of Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies (GSAIS) in Human Survivability (Shishu-Kan), Kyoto University.

Description / Table of Contents: Advances in computer power and observing systems has led to the generation and accumulation of large scale weather & climate data begging for exploration and analysis. Pattern Identification and Data Mining in Weather and Climate presents, from different perspectives, most available, novel and conventional, approaches used to analyze multivariate time series in climate science to identify patterns of variability, teleconnections, and reduce dimensionality. The book discusses different methods to identify patterns of spatiotemporal fields. The book also presents machine learning with a particular focus on the main methods used in climate science. Applications to atmospheric and oceanographic data are also presented and discussed in most chapters. To help guide students and beginners in the field of weather & climate data analysis, basic Matlab skeleton codes are given is some chapters, complemented with a list of software links toward the end of the text. A number of technical appendices are also provided, making the text particularly suitable for didactic purposes. The topic of EOFs and associated pattern identification in space-time data sets has gone through an extraordinary fast development, both in terms of new insights and the breadth of applications. We welcome this text by Abdel Hannachi who not only has a deep insight in the field but has himself made several contributions to new developments in the last 15 years. - Huug van den Dool, Climate Prediction Center, NCEP, College Park, MD, U.S.A. Now that weather and climate science is producing ever larger and richer data sets, the topic of pattern extraction and interpretation has become an essential part. This book provides an up to date overview of the latest techniques and developments in this area. - Maarten Ambaum, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, U.K. This nicely and expertly written book covers a lot of ground, ranging from classical linear pattern identification techniques to more modern machine learning, illustrated with examples from weather & climate science. It will be very valuable both as a tutorial for graduate and postgraduate students and as a reference text for researchers and practitioners in the field. - Frank Kwasniok, College of Engineering, University of Exeter, U.K.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides insights and a capacity to understand the climate change phenomenon, its impact on water resources, and possible remedial measures. The impact of climate change on water resources is a global issue and cause for concern. Water resources in many countries are extremely stressed, and climate change along with burgeoning populations, the rise in living standards, and increasing demand on resources are factors which serve to exacerbate this stress. The chapters provide information on tools that will be useful to mitigate the adverse consequences of natural disasters. Fundamental to addressing these issues is hydrological modelling which is discussed in this book and ways to combat climate change as an important aspect of water resource management.

Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- Part 1 – Energy -- From Aristotle to Nuclear Fusion - The Long Road to Realising What Energy Is. The Foundation of Civilisation -- The Comeback of Sustainable Energy - Why Fossil Energy Sources are Only a Footnote in Human History -- Electricity War and Smart Grids - The Key Role of Electricity Storage and Transport -- Part 2 – Climate -- A Brief History of the Climate - What Makes Current Global Warming so Special -- The Beat of the Butterfly's Wings - How Climate Research and Climate Models Work -- From Knowledge to Action - The Risk Ethics of Climate Policy -- Climate Deniers, Climate Hysterics and Nimbys - In the Self-Service Shop of Arguments -- Part 3 – Power -- The Path of Renewable Electricity - From Niche Products to the High-tech Innovations of the Future -- The Wild Cards in the Game - How Game Changers Could Change Everything -- Yes, we can! - The Marketability of Renewable Energies -- Re-parking in the Mind - The Second Half of the Road to an Ecological Society -- Part 4 – Society -- The Economy of the Future - From the Struggle for Resources to the Economy of Sharing -- The Unfortunate Primacy of Economics - Why Politics Must Set Limits to the Markets -- In the Interest of All Humankind - The Long Road from National Energy Concepts to Global Politics -- A Construction Site for Us All - The Victory of Climate Ethics.

Description / Table of Contents: Floods, species extinction, migration, droughts, super tornadoes - climate change is no longer a threat looming on the horizon but has long since become part of our everyday lives. Limiting the emerging and worsening climate changes is one of the most important challenges of our time. All human induced climate impacts can be traced back to a single factor: Energy. This book provides a comprehensive and readable introduction to the interplay between energy and climate, which also includes the fields of technology, economics, and politics. At the same time, the issue is highly complex and can only be understood in all its details by expert scientists, meaning that the facts are often poorly presented in the political discussion about climate. To put it simply: If we want to stop and even reverse the current climate trends, we need to find answers to the following three questions: · How exactly does our existing way of consuming energy affect the climate? · What options are there for generating energy without negative climate effects, and what do these mean for our lives? · What technological advances will directly help us to achieve this in future? In a non-alarmist yet entertaining manner, the book highlights the key determinants of global energy supply. Readers will come to appreciate the crucial facts about "energy and climate", will be up to date with the latest scientific and technological knowledge, and will understand the global political and economic framework that we need to consider when designing an appropriate future energy and climate policy. At the same time, the author conveys a clear and optimistic message: We already have the technical capabilities (which will be further enhanced in the future) to reverse the devastating climate trends without significantly limiting prosperity. The obstacles lie primarily in economic and political "constraints" and particular conflicts of interest. “A very important book that explains one of the most essential questions of our time - how we can master climate change by an energy transition - with scientific precision and clear words.” Georg Kell, founder and former Executive Director of the United Nations Global Compact.

Description / Table of Contents: This book describes the water security challenges with focus on water scarcity and quality in our rapidly changing world. Achieving water security is essential to promoting economic and social development, as well as resource sustainability and ecosystem integrity. Questions of water security are central to recent global agreements such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. The thematic areas discussed here support the SDGs, with special attention to Goal 6 (“Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation”). The book is a collection of studies from engineering, social and environmental disciplines and aims at giving a balanced overview of the current , complex discourse on water scarcity and quality. It offers a source of inspiration and information for researchers, policymakers, planners, and practitioners concerning the further development of concepts, approaches, and methodologies for promoting water secure societies.

Description / Table of Contents: The book is based on results from the Russian expedition in the region of the Antarctic Peninsula and Powell Basin in the northern part of the Weddell Sea, as well as on the review of earlier research in the region. The main goal of the research was to collect the newest data and study the physical properties and ecology of this key region of the Southern Ocean. Data analysis is supplemented with numerical modeling of the atmosphere-ocean interaction and circulation in the adjacent region, including research on rogue waves. The focus of the study was the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, currents and water properties in the Bransfield Strait and Antarctic Sound, properties of seawater, currents, ecosystem and biological communities in the Powell Basin of the northwestern Weddell Sea, and their variations. An attempt is made to reveal the role of various components of the Antarctic environment in the formation of biological productivity and maintenance of the Antarctic krill population. This is especially important as in the last decades the Antarctic environment has experienced significant changes related to the global climatic trends.

Description / Table of Contents: This book features original research and recent advances in ICT fields related to sustainable development. Based the International Conference on Networks, Intelligent systems, Computing & Environmental Informatics for Sustainable Development, held in Marrakech in April 2020, it features peer-reviewed chapters authored by prominent researchers from around the globe. As such it is an invaluable resource for courses in computer science, electrical engineering and urban sciences for sustainable development. This book covered topics including • Green Networks • Artificial Intelligence for Sustainability • Environment Informatics • Computing Technologies

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides examples of pollutants, such as accidental oil spills and non-degradable plastic debris, which affect marine organisms of all taxa. Terrestrial runoff washes large amounts of dissolved organic materials from agriculture and industry, toxic heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and persistent organic pollutants which end up into rivers, coastal habitats, and open waters. While this book is not intended to encyclopaedically list all kinds of pollution, it rather exemplifies the problems by concentrating on a number of serious and prominent recent developments. The chapters in this book also discuss measures to decrease and remove aquatic pollution to mitigate the stress on aquatic organisms. Aquatic ecosystems provide a wide range of ecological and economical services. In addition to providing a large share of the staple diet for a fast growing human population, oceans absorb most of the anthropogenically emitted carbon dioxide and mitigate climate change. As well as rising temperatures and ocean acidification, pollution poses increasing problems for aquatic ecosystems and organisms reducing its functioning and services which are exposed to a plethora of stress factors.

Description / Table of Contents: The book describes the structure, composition and evolution of the Earth, the main geological processes occurring on it, and how some crucial environmental matters that are amply debated in the media (e.g. pollution, greenhouse effect) can be fully understood by placing them in the holistic context of the system Earth as a whole. It provides basic information on a series of key geological issues, from the structure and composition of the Earth to the large-scale processes that characterize our planet, such as rock alteration and sedimentation, magmatism, geomagnetism, seismicity, plate tectonics, cyclical migration of chemical elements through various Earth reservoirs (Geochemical Cycles), and evolution of the planet from Hadean to present. It intends to reach a wide readership, which is interested in our planet and wish to have a general and comprehensive view of its origin, evolution and activity. Potential readership includes undergraduate and advanced undergraduate students in Geology and other scientific disciplines, and any moderately- to well-educated people interested in the surrounding world and eager to gain a basic knowledge of the Earth and to reach an integrated view of how our planet is working. Includes debated issues of the environmental changes by framing them within the evolution and history of the Earth.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a step-by-step methodology and derivation of deep learning algorithms as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolution Neural Network (CNN), especially for estimating parameters, with back-propagation as well as examples with real datasets of hydrometeorology (e.g. streamflow and temperature) and environmental science (e.g. water quality). Deep learning is known as part of machine learning methodology based on the artificial neural network. Increasing data availability and computing power enhance applications of deep learning to hydrometeorological and environmental fields. However, books that specifically focus on applications to these fields are limited. Most of deep learning books demonstrate theoretical backgrounds and mathematics. However, examples with real data and step-by-step explanations to understand the algorithms in hydrometeorology and environmental science are very rare. This book focuses on the explanation of deep learning techniques and their applications to hydrometeorological and environmental studies with real hydrological and environmental data. This book covers the major deep learning algorithms as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolution Neural Network (CNN) as well as the conventional artificial neural network model.

Description / Table of Contents: This book honors the career of Professor Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch who was a pioneer and leader in the field of limnogeology since the 1980s. Her work was instrumental in guiding students and professionals in the field until her untimely death in 2016. This collection of chapters was written by her colleagues and students and recognize the important role that Professor Gierlowski-Kordesch had in advancing the field of limnogeology. The chapters show the breadth of her reach as these have been contributed from virtually every continent. This book will be a primary reference for scientists, professionals and graduate students who are interested in the latest advances in limnogeologic processes and basin descriptions in North and South America, Europe, Africa, and China. *Free supplementary material available online for chapters 3,11,12 and 13. Access by searching for the book on link.springer.com.

Description / Table of Contents: This book is dedicated to the analysis of bottom waters flows through underwater channels of the Atlantic Ocean. The study is based on recent observations of the authors, analysis of historical data, numerical modeling, and literature review. For example, studying both the measurements from the World Ocean Circulation experiment in the 1990s and recent measurements reveals the decadal variations of water properties in the ocean. Seawater is cooled at high latitudes, descends to the ocean bottom, and slowly flows to the tropical latitudes and further. This current is slow in the deep basins, but intensifies in the abyssal channels connecting the basins. The current overflows submarine topographic structures and sometimes forms deep cataracts when water descends over slopes by several hundred meters. The flow of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is studied on the basis of CTD sections combined with Lowered Acoustic Doppler Profiling (LADCP) carried out annually, and long-term moored measurements of currents. This book is a collection of oceanographic data, interpretation, and analysis, which can be used by field oceanographers, specialists in numerical modeling, and students who specialize in oceanography.

Description / Table of Contents: This book presents the result of an innovative challenge, to create a systematic literature overview driven by machine-generated content. Questions and related keywords were prepared for the machine to query, discover, collate and structure by Artificial Intelligence (AI) clustering. The AI-based approach seemed especially suitable to provide an innovative perspective as the topics are indeed both complex, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary, for example, climate, planetary and evolution sciences. Springer Nature has published much on these topics in its journals over the years, so the challenge was for the machine to identify the most relevant content and present it in a structured way that the reader would find useful. The automatically generated literature summaries in this book are intended as a springboard to further discoverability. They are particularly useful to readers with limited time, looking to learn more about the subject quickly and especially if they are new to the topics. Springer Nature seeks to support anyone who needs a fast and effective start in their content discovery journey, from the undergraduate student exploring interdisciplinary content, to Master- or PhD-thesis developing research questions, to the practitioner seeking support materials, this book can serve as an inspiration, to name a few examples. It is important to us as a publisher to make the advances in technology easily accessible to our authors and find new ways of AI-based author services that allow human-machine interaction to generate readable, usable, collated, research content.

Description / Table of Contents: This textbook introduces the use of Python programming for exploring and modelling data in the field of Earth Sciences. It drives the reader from his very first steps with Python, like setting up the environment and starting writing the first lines of codes, to proficient use in visualizing, analyzing, and modelling data in the field of Earth Science. Each chapter contains explicative examples of code, and each script is commented in detail. The book is minded for very beginners in Python programming, and it can be used in teaching courses at master or PhD levels. Also, Early careers and experienced researchers who would like to start learning Python programming for the solution of geological problems will benefit the reading of the book.

Description / Table of Contents: Meeting the targets of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires contributions by scientists focusing on understanding, monitoring, protecting, managing and restoring the natural environment, including geoscientists. This book presents the first detailed discussion on the role of the geological sciences (geosciences) community in the implementation of the SDGs. Unlike traditional geosciences textbooks, it is structured according to development priorities, framed in the context of the 17 SDGs. Written by international experts from diverse range of geosciences / development disciplines, it explores themes linked to both science and the professional practice of science (e.g., ethics, equity, conduct, and partnerships). The book is intended for graduate and senior undergraduate students in the earth sciences, as well as practicing geologists and experts from other sectors involved in sustainability initiatives.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides an original review of Ocean Literacy as a component of public policy in Europe and beyond. The impact of the ocean on human activities is one of the most significant environmental issues facing humanity. By offering valuable insights into the interrelationships between geography, environment, marine science and education, the book explores key issues relating to the future of our planet and the way people respond to them. This volume discusses concepts concerning citizenship education and co-creation and the role of public policy and different international initiatives in raising awareness and mitigating the effects of over-use and misuse of valuable resources. A range of innovative projects are presented and evaluated from the local to national and global levels.This book advances knowledge and provides a picture of these advances, presents the issues and challenges, including the important role that geography education and geographical awareness could play in advancing the case for Ocean Literacy. This crossdisciplinary book appeals to students and scientists as well as professionals and practitioners in geography, environmental and marine sciences, international policy and many related fields.

Description / Table of Contents: Meeting the targets of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires contributions by scientists focusing on understanding, monitoring, protecting, managing and restoring the natural environment, including geoscientists. This book presents the first detailed discussion on the role of the geological sciences (geosciences) community in the implementation of the SDGs. Unlike traditional geosciences textbooks, it is structured according to development priorities, framed in the context of the 17 SDGs. Written by international experts from diverse range of geosciences / development disciplines, it explores themes linked to both science and the professional practice of science (e.g., ethics, equity, conduct, and partnerships). The book is intended for graduate and senior undergraduate students in the earth sciences, as well as practicing geologists and experts from other sectors involved in sustainability initiatives.

Description / Table of Contents: This is a textbook for non-atmospheric specialists who work in the coastal zone. Its purpose will be to help coastal environmental, engineering, and planning professionals to understand coastal atmospheric processes. This in turn will allow more effective communication with climate modelers, atmospheric environmental consultants, and members of the media. The coastal environment is among the most intensively used and chronically abused components of the Earth-ocean-atmosphere system. It is also home to an ever-increasing proportion of humanity with their increasing development, trade, transportation, and industrial activities, amid increasing impacts of natural hazards. The atmosphere is an integral part of the system, with all of the above human activities affecting and being affected by atmospheric processes and hazards. Yet few of the specialists studying the coastal environment have expertise on atmospheric processes, this therefore presents a highly relevant textbook on coastal atmospheric processes.

Description / Table of Contents: This two-volume book provides a comprehensive, detailed understanding of paleoclimatology beginning by describing the “proxy data” from which quantitative climate parameters are reconstructed and finally by developing a comprehensive Earth system model able to simulate past climates of the Earth. It compiles contributions from specialists in each field who each have an in-depth knowledge of their particular area of expertise. The first volume is devoted to “Finding, dating and interpreting the evidence”. It describes the different geo-chronological technical methods used in paleoclimatology. Different fields of geosciences such as: stratigraphy, magnetism, dendrochronology, sedimentology, are drawn from and proxy reconstructions from ice sheets, terrestrial (speleothems, lakes, and vegetation) and oceanic data, are used to reconstruct the ancient climates of the Earth. The second volume, entitled “Investigation into ancient climates,” focuses on building comprehensive models of past climate evolution. The chapters are based on understanding the processes driving the evolution of each component of the Earth system (atmosphere, ocean, ice). This volume provides both an analytical understanding of each component using a hierarchy of models (from conceptual to very sophisticated 3D general circulation models) and a synthetic approach incorporating all of these components to explore the evolution of the Earth as a global system. As a whole this book provides the reader with a complete view of data reconstruction and modeling of the climate of the Earth from deep time to present day with even an excursion to include impacts on future climate.

Description / Table of Contents: This textbook introduces methods of geoscientific data acquisition using MATLAB in combination with inexpensive data acquisition hardware such as sensors in smartphones, sensors that come with the LEGO MINDSTORMS set, webcams with stereo microphones, and affordable spectral and thermal cameras. The text includes 35 exercises in data acquisition, such as using a smartphone to acquire stereo images of rock specimens from which to calculate point clouds, using visible and near-infrared spectral cameras to classify the minerals in rocks, using thermal cameras to differentiate between different types of surface such as between soil and vegetation, localizing a sound source using travel time differences between pairs of microphones to localize a sound source, quantifying the total harmonic distortion and signal-to-noise ratio of acoustic and elastic signals, acquiring and streaming meteorological data using application programming interfaces, wireless networks, and internet of things platforms, determining the spatial resolution of ultrasonic and optical sensors, and detecting magnetic anomalies using a smartphone magnetometer mounted on a LEGO MINDSTORMS scanner. The book’s electronic supplementary material (available online through Springer Link) contains recipes that include all the MATLAB commands featured in the book, the example data, the LEGO construction plans, photos and videos of the measurement procedures.

Description / Table of Contents: Human-driven greenhouse emissions are increasing the velocity of climate change and the frequency and intensity of climate extremes far above historical levels. These changes, along with other human-perturbations, are setting the conditions for more rapid and abrupt ecosystem dynamics and collapse. This book presents new evidence on the rapid emergence of ecosystem collapse in response to the progression of anthropogenic climate change dynamics that are expected to intensify as the climate continues to warm. Discussing implications for biodiversity conservation, the chapters provide examples of such dynamics globally covering polar and boreal ecosystems, temperate and semi-arid ecosystems, as well as tropical and temperate coastal ecosystems. Given its scope, the volume appeals to scientists in the fields of general ecology, terrestrial and coastal ecology, climate change impacts, and biodiversity conservation.

Description / Table of Contents: Our realisation of how profoundly glaciers and ice sheets respond to climate change and impact sea level and the environment has propelled their study to the forefront of Earth system science. Aspects of this multidisciplinary endeavour now constitute major areas of research. This book is named after the international summer school held annually in the beautiful alpine village of Karthaus, Northern Italy, and consists of twenty chapters based on lectures from the school. They cover theory, methods, and observations, and introduce readers to essential glaciological topics such as ice-flow dynamics, polar meteorology, mass balance, ice-core analysis, paleoclimatology, remote sensing and geophysical methods, glacial isostatic adjustment, modern and past glacial fluctuations, and ice sheet reconstruction. The chapters were written by thirty-four contributing authors who are leading international authorities in their fields. The book can be used as a graduate-level textbook for a university course, and as a valuable reference guide for practising glaciologists and climate scientists.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Discovering Climate -- Chapter 3. The Language of Science -- Chapter 4. Applying Mathematics to Problems -- Chapter 5. Geologic Time -- Chapter 6. Putting Numbers on Geologic Ages -- Chapter 7. Documenting Past Climate Change -- Chapter 8. The Nature of Energy Received From the Sun – The Analogies with Water Waves and Sound -- Chapter 9. The Nature of Energy Received From the Sun---Figuring Out What Light Really Is -- Chapter 10. Exploring the Electromagnetic Spectrum -- Chapter 11. The Origins of Climate Science---The Idea Of Energy Balance -- Chapter 12. The Climate System -- Chapter 13. What’s At The Bottom of Alice’s Rabbit Hole -- Chapter 14. Energy from the Sun---Long-Term Variations -- Chapter 15. Solar Variability and Cosmic Rays -- Chapter 16. Albedo -- Chapter 17. Air -- Chapter 18. HOH---The Keystone Of Earth’s Climate -- Chapter 19. The Atmosphere -- Chapter 20. Oxygen and Ozone---Products and Protectors of Life -- Chapter 21. Water Vapor---The Major Greenhouse Gas -- Chapter 22. Carbon Dioxide -- Chapter 23. Other Greenhouse Gases -- Chapter 24. The Earth Is a Sphere and Rotates -- Chapter 25. The Coriolis Effect -- Chapter 26. The Circulation of Earth’s Atmosphere -- Chapter 27. The Circulation of Earth’s Oceans -- Chapter 28. The Biological Interactions -- Chapter 29. Sea Level -- Chapter 30. Global Climate Change---The Geologically Immediate Past -- Chapter 31. Human Impacts on the Environment and Climate -- Chapter 32. Predictions of the Future of Humanity -- Chapter 33. Is there an Analog for the Future Climate -- Chapter 34. The Instrumental Temperature Record -- Chapter 35. The Changing Climate of the Polar Regions -- Chapter 36. Global, Regional and Local Effects of Our Changing Climate -- Chapter 37. Final Thoughts.

Description / Table of Contents: This book is a thorough introduction to climate science and global change. The author is a geologist who has spent much of his life investigating the climate of Earth from a time when it was warm and dinosaurs roamed the land, to today's changing climate. Bill Hay takes you on a journey to understand how the climate system works. He explores how humans are unintentionally conducting a grand uncontrolled experiment which is leading to unanticipated changes. We follow the twisting path of seemingly unrelated discoveries in physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and even mathematics to learn how they led to our present knowledge of how our planet works. He explains why the weather is becoming increasingly chaotic as our planet warms at a rate far faster than at any time in its geologic past. He speculates on possible future outcomes, and suggests that nature itself may make some unexpected course corrections. Although the book is written for the layman with little knowledge of science or mathematics, it includes information from many diverse fields to provide even those actively working in the field of climatology with a broader view of this developing drama. Experimenting on a Small Planet is a must read for anyone having more than a casual interest in global warming and climate change - one of the most important and challenging issues of our time. This new edition includes actual data from climate science into 2021. Numerous Powerpoint slides can be downloaded to allow lecturers and teachers to more effectively use the book as a basis for climate change education.

Description / Table of Contents: This book addresses the improvement and dissemination of knowledge on methods, policies and technologies for increasing the sustainability of development by de-coupling growth from natural resources and replacing them with knowledge-based economy, taking into account its economic, environmental and social pillars, as well as methods for assessing and measuring sustainability of development, regarding water and environment. This book gathers scholar and experts in related fields. All attendees from a vast range of companies, universities and government institutions acquire advanced technical knowledge and are introduced to new fields through discussions that focus on their own specialties as well as a variety of interdisciplinary areas. The authors hope most of scholars can find what they really need in this book.

Description / Table of Contents: This book is dedicated to the atmosphere of our planet, and discusses historical and contemporary achievements in meteorological science and technology for the betterment of society. The book explores many significant atmospheric phenomena and physical processes from the local to global scale, as well as from the perspective of short and long-term time scales, and links these processes to various applications in other scientific disciplines with linkages to meteorology. In addition to addressing general topics such as climate system dynamics and climate change, the book also discusses atmospheric boundary layer, atmospheric waves, atmospheric chemistry, optics/photometeors, electricity, atmospheric modeling and numeric weather prediction. Through its interdisciplinary approach, the book will be of interest to researchers, students and academics in meteorology and atmospheric science, environmental physics, climate change dynamics, air pollution and human health impacts of atmospheric aerosols. .

Description / Table of Contents: This book investigates the multifaceted nature of change in today’s Nordic Arctic and the necessary research and policy development required to address the challenges and opportunities currently faced by this region. It focuses its attention on the recent efforts of the Nordic community to create specialized Centers of Excellence in Arctic Research in order to facilitate this process of scientific inquiry and policy articulation. The volume seeks to describe both the steps that lead to this decision and the manner in which this undertaking as evolved. The work highlights the research efforts of the four Centers and their investigations of a variety of issues including those related to ecosystem and wildlife management, the revitalization resource dependent communities, the emergence of new climate-born diseases and the development of adequate modeling techniques to assist northern communities in their efforts at adaptation and resilience building. Major discoveries and insights arising from these and other efforts are detailed and possible policy implications considered. The book also focuses attention on the challenges of creating and supporting multidisciplinary teams of researchers to investigate such concerns and the methods and means for facilitating their collaboration and the integration of their findings to form new and useful perspectives on the nature of change in the contemporary Arctic. It also provides helpful consideration and examples of how local and indigenous communities can be engaged in the co-production of knowledge regarding the region. The volume discusses how such research findings can be best communicated and shared between scientists, policymakers and northern residents. It considers the challenges of building common concern not just among different research disciplines but also between bureaucracies and the public. Only when this bridge-building effort is undertaken can true pathways to action be established. .

Description / Table of Contents: The First Few Steps --- A Few More Steps --- Loops and Branching --- Functions and the Writing of Code --- Some More Python Essentials --- Computing Integrals and Testing Code --- Solving Nonlinear Algebraic Equations --- Solving Ordinary Differential Equations --- Solving Partial Differential Equations

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to the Book: “Ahead of the Curve” / Shirley Laska / Pages 1-31 --- Louisiana’s Risks Anticipating the Future Challenges to Other U.S. Coastal Communities --- Managing Risks in Louisiana’s Rapidly Changing Coastal Zone / Donald F. Boesch / Pages 35-62 --- Climate Adaptation Challenges and Solutions --- Connecting the Dots: The Origins, Evolutions, and Implications of the Map that Changed Post-Katrina Recovery Planning in New Orleans / Zachary Lamb / Pages 65-91 --- Antagonisms of Adaptation: Climate Change Adaptation Measures in New Orleans and New York City / Kevin Fox Gotham, Megan Faust / Pages 93-112 --- Adapting to a Smaller Coast: Restoration, Protection, and Social Justice in Coastal Louisiana / Scott A. Hemmerling, Monica Barra, Rebecca H. Bond / Pages 113-144 --- Relocation and Resettlement: An Extreme Adjustment --- Community Resettlement in Louisiana: Learning from Histories of Horror and Hope / Nathan Jessee / Pages 147-184 --- Sojourners in a New Land: Hope and Adaptive Traditions / Kristina J. Peterson / Pages 185-214 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Urban --- Post-disaster Development Dilemmas: Advancing Landscapes of Social Justice in a Neoliberal Post-disaster Landscape / Anna Livia Brand, Vern Baxter / Pages 217-240 --- Reimagining Housing: Affordability Crisis and Its Role in Disaster Resilience and Recovery / Andreanecia M. Morris, Lucas Diaz / Pages 241-259 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Suburban/Mid State --- The 2016 Unexpected Mid-State Louisiana Flood: With Special Focus on the Different Rescue and Recovery Responses It Engendered / Michelle Annette Meyer, Brant Mitchell, Shannon Van Zandt, Stuart Nolan / Pages 263-281 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Rural --- Challenges of Post-Disaster Recovery in Rural Areas / Alessandra Jerolleman / Pages 285-310 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Coupled Coastal-Inland --- Regional Resilience: Building Adaptive Capacity and Community Well-Being Across Louisiana’s Dynamic Coastal–Inland Continuum / Traci Birch, Jeff Carney / Pages 313-340

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a cross-disciplinary overview of permafrost and the carbon cycle by providing an introduction into the geographical distribution of permafrost, with a focus on the distribution of permafrost and its soil carbon reservoirs. The chapters explain the basic physical properties and processes of permafrost soils: ice, mineral and organic components, and how these interact with climate, vegetation and geomorphological processes. In particular, the book covers the role of the large quantities of ice in many permafrost soils which are crucial to understanding carbon cycle processes. An explanation is given on how permafrost becomes loaded with ice and carbon. Gas hydrates are also introduced. Structures and processes formed by the intense freeze-thaw action in the active layer are considered (e.g. ice wedging, cryoturbation), and the processes that occur as the permafrost thaws, (pond and lake formation, erosion). The book introduces soil carbon accumulation and decomposition mechanisms and how these are modified in a permafrost environment. A separate chapter deals with deep permafrost carbon, gas reservoirs and recently discovered methane emission phenomena from regions such as Northwest Siberia and the Siberian yedoma permafrost.

Description / Table of Contents: This book presents current knowledge on chemistry and physics of Arctic atmosphere. Special attention is given to studies of the Arctic haze phenomenon, Arctic tropospheric clouds, Arctic fog, polar stratospheric and mesospheric clouds, atmospheric dynamics, thermodynamics and radiative transfer as related to the polar environment. The atmosphere-cryosphere feedbacks and atmospheric remote sensing techniques are presented in detail. The problems of climate change in the Arctic are also addressed.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a cross-disciplinary overview of permafrost and the carbon cycle by providing an introduction into the geographical distribution of permafrost, with a focus on the distribution of permafrost and its soil carbon reservoirs. The chapters explain the basic physical properties and processes of permafrost soils: ice, mineral and organic components, and how these interact with climate, vegetation and geomorphological processes. In particular, the book covers the role of the large quantities of ice in many permafrost soils which are crucial to understanding carbon cycle processes. An explanation is given on how permafrost becomes loaded with ice and carbon. Gas hydrates are also introduced. Structures and processes formed by the intense freeze-thaw action in the active layer are considered (e.g. ice wedging, cryoturbation), and the processes that occur as the permafrost thaws, (pond and lake formation, erosion). The book introduces soil carbon accumulation and decomposition mechanisms and how these are modified in a permafrost environment. A separate chapter deals with deep permafrost carbon, gas reservoirs and recently discovered methane emission phenomena from regions such as Northwest Siberia and the Siberian yedoma permafrost.

Description / Table of Contents: This book presents current knowledge on chemistry and physics of Arctic atmosphere. Special attention is given to studies of the Arctic haze phenomenon, Arctic tropospheric clouds, Arctic fog, polar stratospheric and mesospheric clouds, atmospheric dynamics, thermodynamics and radiative transfer as related to the polar environment. The atmosphere-cryosphere feedbacks and atmospheric remote sensing techniques are presented in detail. The problems of climate change in the Arctic are also addressed.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides in-depth information about the sea ice in the Arctic at scales from paleoenvironmental variability to more contemporary changes during the past and present centuries. The book is based on several decades of research related to sea ice in the Arctic and its variability, sea ice process studies as well as implications of the sea ice variability on human activities. The chapters provide an extensive overview of the research results related to sea ice in the Arctic at paleo-scales to more resent scales of variations as well as projections for changes during the 21st century. The authors have pioneered the satellite remote sensing monitoring of sea ice and used other monitoring data in order to study, monitor and model sea ice and its processes

Description / Table of Contents: High-resolution images of phytoplankton cells such as diatoms or desmids, which are useful for monitoring water quality, can now be provided by digital microscopes, facilitating the automated analysis and identification of specimens. Conventional approaches are based on optical microscopy; however, manual image analysis is impractical due to the huge diversity of this group of microalgae and its great morphological plasticity. As such, there is a need for automated recognition techniques for diagnostic tools (e.g. environmental monitoring networks, early warning systems) to improve the management of water resources and decision-making processes. Describing the entire workflow of a bioindicator system, from capture, analysis and identification to the determination of quality indices, this book provides insights into the current state-of-the-art in automatic identification systems in microscopy. .

Description / Table of Contents: Seaweeds (macroalgae) represent the most striking living components in the Antarctic’s near-shore ecosystems, especially across the West Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent islands. Due to their abundance, their central roles as primary producers and foundation organisms, and as sources of diverse metabolically active products, seaweed assemblages are fundamental to biogeochemical cycles in Antarctic coastal systems. In recent years, the imminence of climate change and the direct impacts of human beings, which are affecting vast regions of the Antarctic, have highlighted the importance of seaweed processes in connection with biodiversity, adaptation and interactions in the benthic network. Various research groups have been actively involved in the investigation of these topics. Many of these research efforts have a long tradition, while some “newcomers” have also recently contributed important new approaches to the study of these organisms, benefiting polar science as a whole. This book provides an overview of recent advances and insights gleaned over the past several years. Focusing on a timely topic and extremely valuable resource, it assesses the challenges and outlines future directions in the study of Antarctic seaweeds.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a comprehensive summary of research to date in the field of stable iron isotope geochemistry. Since research began in this field 20 years ago, the field has grown to become one of the major research fields in "non-traditional" stable isotope geochemistry. This book reviews all aspects of the field, from low-temperature to high-temperature processes, biological processes, and cosmochemical processes. It provides a detailed history and state-of-the art summary about analytical methods to determine Fe-isotope ratios and discusses analytical and sample prospects.

Description / Table of Contents: Dedication -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Introduction to Spherical Elementary Current Systems -- Chapter 3: Spherical Elementary Current Systems applied to Swarm data -- Chapter 4: Local least squares analysis of auroral current structures in multi-spacecraft data -- Chapter 5: Multi-spacecraft current estimates at Swarm -- Chapter 6: Applying the dual-spacecraft approach to the Swarm constellation for deriving radial current density. Chapter 7: Science data products for AMPERE -- Chapter 8: ESA Field Aligned Currents - Methodology Inter-Comparison Exercise -- Chapter 9: Spherical Cap Harmonic Analysis techniques for mapping high-latitude ionospheric plasma flow - Application to the Swarm satellite mission -- Chapter 10: Recent Progress on Inverse and Data Assimilation Procedure for High-Latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamics -- Chapter 11: Estimating currents and electric fields at low-latitudes from satellite magnetic measurements -- Chapter 12. Models of the main geomagnetic field based on multi-satellite magnetic data and gradients – Techniques and latest results from the Swarm mission -- Index

Description / Table of Contents: This open access book provides a comprehensive toolbox of analysis techniques for ionospheric multi-satellite missions. The immediate need for this volume was motivated by the ongoing ESA Swarm satellite mission, but the tools that are described are general and can be used for any future ionospheric multi-satellite mission with comparable instrumentation. In addition to researching the immediate plasma environment and its coupling to other regions, such a mission aims to study the Earth’s main magnetic field and its anomalies caused by core, mantle, or crustal sources. The parameters for carrying out this kind of work are examined in these chapters. Besides currents, electric fields, and plasma convection, these parameters include ionospheric conductance, Joule heating, neutral gas densities, and neutral winds

Description / Table of Contents: This book offers a complete overview of the measurement of precipitation from space, which has made considerable advancements during the last two decades. This is mainly due to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, CloudSat and a carefully maintained constellation of satellites hosting passive microwave sensors. The book revisits a previous book, Measuring Precipitation from Space, edited by V. Levizzani, P. Bauer and F. J. Turk, published with Springer in 2007. The current content has been completely renewed to incorporate the advancements of science and technology in the field since then. This book provides unique contributions from field experts and from the International Precipitation Working Group (IPWG). The book will be of interest to meteorologists, hydrologists, climatologists, water management authorities, students at various levels and many other parties interested in making use of satellite precipitation data sets.

Description / Table of Contents: Until recently, the prevailing view of marine life at high latitudes has been that organisms enter a general resting state during the dark Polar Night and that the system only awakens with the return of the sun. Recent research, however, with coordinated, multidisciplinary field campaigns based on the high Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard, have provided a radical new perspective. Instead of a system in dormancy, a new perspective of a system in full operation and with high levels of activity across all major phyla is emerging. Examples of such activities and processes include: Active marine organisms at sea surface, water column and the sea-floor. At surface we find active foraging in seabirds and fish, in the water column we find a high biodiversity and activity of zooplankton and larvae such as active light induced synchronized diurnal vertical migration, and at seafloor there is a high biodiversity in benthic animals and macroalgae. The Polar Night is a period for reproduction in many benthic and pelagic taxa, mass occurrence of ghost shrimps (Caprellides), high abundance of Ctenophores, physiological evidence of micro- and macroalgal cells that are ready to utilize the first rays of light when they appear, deep water fishes found at water surface in the Polar night, and continuous growth of bivalves throughout the winter. These findings not only begin to shape a new paradigm for marine winter ecology in the high Arctic, but also provide conclusive evidence for a top-down controlled system in which primary production levels are close to zero. In an era of environmental change that is accelerated at high latitudes, we believe that this new insight is likely to strongly impact how the scientific community views the high latitude marine ecosystem. Despite the overwhelming darkness, the main environmental variable affecting marine organisms in the Polar Night is in fact light. The light regime during the Polar Night is unique with respect to light intensity, spectral composition of light and photoperiod. .

Description / Table of Contents: This book addresses a broad range of issues concerning microplastic pollution, including microplastic pollution in various environments (freshwater, marine, air and soil); the sources, fate and effects of microplastics; detection systems for microplastic pollution monitoring; green approaches for the synthesis of environmentally friendly polymers; recovery and recycling of marine plastics; wastewater treatment plants as a microplastic entrance route; nanoplastics as emerging pollutants; degradation of plastics in the marine environment; impacts of microplastics on marine life; microplastics: from marine pollution to the human food chain; mitigation of microplastic impacts and innovative solutions; sampling, extraction, purification and identification approaches for microplastics; adsorption and transport of pollutants on and in microplastics; and lastly, the socio-economic and environmental impacts: assessment and risk analysis. In addition to presenting cutting-edge information and highlighting current trends and issues, the book proposes concrete solutions to help face this significant environmental threat. It is chiefly intended for researchers and industry decision-makers; international, national and local institutions; and NGOs, providing them with comprehensive information on the origin of the problem; its effects on marine environments, with a particular focus on the Mediterranean Sea and coasts; and recent and ongoing research activities and projects aimed at finding technical solutions to mitigate the phenomenon. .

Description / Table of Contents: Real-time Linked Dataspaces: A Data Platform for Intelligent Systems Within Internet of Things-Based Smart Environments --- Enabling Knowledge Flows in an Intelligent Systems Data Ecosystem --- Dataspaces: Fundamentals, Principles, and Techniques --- Fundamentals of Real-time Linked Dataspaces --- Data Support Services for Real-time Linked Dataspaces --- Catalog and Entity Management Service for Internet of Things-Based Smart Environments --- Querying and Searching Heterogeneous Knowledge Graphs in Real-time Linked Dataspaces --- Enhancing the Discovery of Internet of Things-Based Data Services in Real-time Linked Dataspaces --- Human-in-the-Loop Tasks for Data Management, Citizen Sensing, and Actuation in Smart Environments --- Stream and Event Processing Services for Real-time Linked Dataspaces --- Quality of Service-Aware Complex Event Service Composition in Real-time Linked Dataspaces --- Dissemination of Internet of Things Streams in a Real-time Linked Dataspace --- Approximate Semantic Event Processing in Real-time Linked Dataspaces --- Enabling Intelligent Systems, Applications, and Analytics for Smart Environments Using Real-time Linked Dataspaces --- Autonomic Source Selection for Real-time Predictive Analytics Using the Internet of Things and Open Data --- Building Internet of Things-Enabled Digital Twins and Intelligent Applications Using a Real-time Linked Dataspace --- A Model for Internet of Things Enhanced User Experience in Smart Environments --- Future Research Directions for Dataspaces, Data Ecosystems, and Intelligent Systems

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction / Malcolm Wray Dunlop, Hermann Lühr / Pages 1-4 --- Introduction to Spherical Elementary Current Systems / Heikki Vanhamäki, Liisa Juusola / Pages 5-33 --- Spherical Elementary Current Systems Applied to Swarm Data / Heikki Vanhamäki, Liisa Juusola, Kirsti Kauristie, Abiyot Workayehu, Sebastian Käki / Pages 35-53 --- Local Least Squares Analysis of Auroral Currents / Joachim Vogt, Adrian Blagau, Costel Bunescu, Maosheng He / Pages 55-81 --- Multi-spacecraft Current Estimates at Swarm / Malcolm Wray Dunlop, J.-Y. Yang, Y.-Y. Yang, Hermann Lühr, J.-B. Cao / Pages 83-116 --- Applying the Dual-Spacecraft Approach to the Swarm Constellation for Deriving Radial Current Density / Hermann Lühr, Patricia Ritter, Guram Kervalishvili, Jan Rauberg / Pages 117-140 --- Science Data Products for AMPERE / Colin L. Waters, B. J. Anderson, D. L. Green, H. Korth, R. J. Barnes, Heikki Vanhamäki / Pages 141-165 --- ESA Field-Aligned Currents—Methodology Inter-comparison Exercise / Lorenzo Trenchi, The FAC-MICE Team, K. Kauristie, S. Käki, Heikki Vanhamäki, L. Juusola et al. / Pages 167-188 --- Spherical Cap Harmonic Analysis Techniques for Mapping High-Latitude Ionospheric Plasma Flow—Application to the Swarm Satellite Mission / Robyn A. D. Fiori / Pages 189-218 --- Recent Progress on Inverse and Data Assimilation Procedure for High-Latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamics / Tomoko Matsuo / Pages 219-232 --- Estimating Currents and Electric Fields at Low Latitudes from Satellite Magnetic Measurements / Patrick Alken / Pages 233-254 --- Models of the Main Geomagnetic Field Based on Multi-satellite Magnetic Data and Gradients—Techniques and Latest Results from the Swarm Mission / Christopher C. Finlay / Pages 255-284

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction / Pages 1-8 --- Primary Production: From Inorganic to Organic Carbon / Pages 9-35 --- The Return from Organic to Inorganic Carbon / Pages 37-56 --- Carbon Processing at the Seafloor / Pages 57-75 --- Biogeochemical Processes and Inorganic Carbon Dynamics / Pages 77-105 --- Organic Matter is more than CH2O / Pages 107-118

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Attention Economics --- Chapter 2. The News Market --- Chapter 3. Attention Speculation and Political Bubbles --- Chapter 4. Alternative Facts, Misinformation, and Fake News --- Chapter 5. Fact Resistance, Populism, and Conspiracy Theory --- Chapter 6. The Post-Factual Democracy

Description / Table of Contents: Anode Materials, SEI, Carbon, Graphite, Conductivity, Graphene, Reversible, Formation / Pages 1-71 --- Cathode Materials, Samples, Pristine, Layered, Doping, Discharge Capacity / Pages 73-161 --- Ionic Conductivity, Polymer Electrolyte, Membranes, Electrochemical Stability, Separators / Pages 163-193 --- Models, SOC, Maximum, Time, Cell, Data, Parameters / Pages 195-247

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction / Chenyang Li, Liqiong Jia, Xuan Wu / Pages 1-2 --- Initiation Period (1914–1934): Geologists’ Artistic Accomplishment Reflected by Hand-Drawn Maps / Chenyang Li, Guo Liu, Ruiyang Yu, Hui Guo, Fanyu Qi / Pages 3-22 --- Exploration Period (1935–1953): The First Step Toward Standardization / Liqiong Jia, Xiaolei Li, Yuntao Shang, Xuezheng Gao, Jie Meng / Pages 23-49 --- Growth Period (1954–1994): Maps Displaying More Information and Printed in More Standard Way / Liqiong Jia, Zhaoyu Kong, Xuezheng Gao, Hui Guo, Xiaolei Li, Chunzhen He / Pages 51-102 --- Leaping Forward Period (1995 to Present): Moving into Digital Mapping and Digital Cartography Era / Xuan Wu, Fanyu Qi, Guo Liu, Yuntao Shang, Jie Meng / Pages 103-119

Description / Table of Contents: Volcanic Unrest and Pre-eruptive Processes: A Hazard and Risk Perspective / J. Gottsmann, J.-C. Komorowski, J. Barclay / Pages 1-21 --- The Role of Laws Within the Governance of Volcanic Risks / R. J. Bretton, J. Gottsmann, R. Christie / Pages 23-34 --- Deterministic Versus Probabilistic Volcano Monitoring: Not “or” But “and” / D. Rouwet, R. Constantinescu, L. Sandri / Pages 35-46 --- Probabilistic E-tools for Hazard Assessment and Risk Management / Stefania Bartolini, Joan Martí, Rosa Sobradelo, Laura Becerril / Pages 47-61 --- The Need to Quantify Hazard Related to Non-magmatic Unrest: From BET_EF to BET_UNREST / Laura Sandri, Roberto Tonini, Dmitri Rouwet, Robert Constantinescu, Ana Teresa Mendoza-Rosas, Daniel Andrade et al. / Pages 63-82 --- Groundwater flow and volcanic unrest / Alia Jasim, Brioch Hemmings, Klaus Mayer, Bettina Scheu / Pages 83-99 --- Experimental Simulations of Magma Storage and Ascent / C. Martel, R. A. Brooker, J. Andújar, M. Pichavant, B. Scaillet, J. D. Blundy / Pages 101-110 --- Magma Chamber Rejuvenation: Insights from Numerical Models / C. P. Montagna, P. Papale, A. Longo, M. Bagagli / Pages 111-122 --- Magma Mixing: History and Dynamics of an Eruption Trigger / Daniele Morgavi, Ilenia Arienzo, Chiara Montagna, Diego Perugini, Donald B. Dingwell / Pages 123-137 --- Gases as Precursory Signals: Experimental Simulations, New Concepts and Models of Magma Degassing / M. Pichavant, N. Le Gall, B. Scaillet / Pages 139-154 --- Crystals, Bubbles and Melt: Critical Conduit Processes Revealed by Numerical Models / M. E. Thomas, J. W. Neuberg, A. S. D. Collinson / Pages 155-169 --- When Does Magma Break? / Fabian B. Wadsworth, Taylor Witcher, Jérémie Vasseur, Donald B. Dingwell, Bettina Scheu / Pages 171-184 --- Volcano Seismology: Detecting Unrest in Wiggly Lines / R. O. Salvage, S. Karl, J. W. Neuberg / Pages 185-201 --- The Ups and Downs of Volcanic Unrest: Insights from Integrated Geodesy and Numerical Modelling / J. Hickey, J. Gottsmann, P. Mothes, H. Odbert, I. Prutkin, P. Vajda / Pages 203-219 --- Fluid Geochemistry and Volcanic Unrest: Dissolving the Haze in Time and Space / Dmitri Rouwet, Silvana Hidalgo, Erouscilla P. Joseph, Gino González-Ilama / Pages 221-239 --- Geophysical Footprints of Cotopaxi’s Unrest and Minor Eruptions in 2015: An Opportunity to Test Scientific and Community Preparedness / Patricia A. Mothes, Mario C. Ruiz, Edwin G. Viracucha, Patricio A. Ramón, Stephen Hernández, Silvana Hidalgo et al. / Pages 241-270 --- Volcanic Unrest Simulation Exercises: Checklists and Guidance Notes / R. J. Bretton, S. Ciolli, C. Cristiani, J. Gottsmann, R. Christie, W. Aspinall / Pages 271-298

Description / Table of Contents: Nature-Based Solutions in Flood Risk Management / Thomas Hartmann, Lenka Slavíková, Simon McCarthy / Pages 3-8 --- Scale in Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Risk Management / Pavel Raška, Lenka Slavíková, John Sheehan / Pages 9-20 --- Reversing the Current: Small Scale Retention Programs in Polish Forests / Piotr Matczak, Viktória Takács, Marek Goździk / Pages 23-37 --- Commentary: A (Mostly) Hydrological Commentary on the Small Retention Programs in the Polish Forests / Martyn Futter / Pages 39-43 --- Commentary: Small Retention in Polish Forests from a Forest Management Perspective—Copying of Existing Could Be Right Path / Marijana Kapović Solomun / Pages 45-51 --- This Is My Land! Privately Funded Natural Water Retention Measures in the Czech Republic / Lenka Slavíková, Pavel Raška / Pages 55-67 --- Commentary: Mr. Pitek’s Land from a Perspective of Managing Hydrological Extremes: Challenges in Upscaling and Transferring Knowledge / Mark E. Wilkinson / Pages 69-75 --- Commentary: A Spatial Planning Perspective on Privately Funded Natural Water Retention Measures / Lukas Löschner / Pages 77-81 --- Swapping Development Rights in Swampy Land: Strategic Instruments to Prevent Floodplain Development in Flanders / Ann Crabbé, Tom Coppens / Pages 85-97 --- Commentary: Swapping Development Rights to Prevent Flood Plain Development in Flanders: A Legal Architecture Perspective / John Sheehan / Pages 99-103 --- Commentary: An Economic View on the Prospects of a Flood Defense Related Development Rights Market in Flanders / András Kis, Gábor Ungvári / Pages 105-108 --- Urban Wetlands Restoration in Floodplains: A Case of the City of Pilsen, Czech Republic / Jan Macháč, Jiří Louda / Pages 111-126 --- Commentary: Urban Wetlands Restoration as NBS for Flood Risk Mitigation: From Positive Case to Legitimate Practice, in the View of Evidence-Based Flood Risk Policy Making / Jenia Gutman / Pages 127-134 --- Commentary: Flood Retention in Urban Floodplains—A Plzen Case Study from the Viewpoint of a Hydraulic Engineer / Reinhard Pohl / Pages 135-138 --- Blauzone Rheintal: A Regional Planning Instrument for Future-Oriented Flood Management in a Dynamic Risk Environment / Lukas Löschner, Walter Seher, Ralf Nordbeck, Manfred Kopf / Pages 141-154 --- Commentary: The Blauzone Rheintal from a Hydrological Perspective—A Transboundary Flood-Mitigation Solution in a Large Gravel-Bed River Basin / Nejc Bezak, Mojca Šraj, Matjaž Mikoš / Pages 155-160 --- Commentary: The Blauzone Rheintal Approach from a Natural Hazard Perspective—Challenges to Establish Effective Flood Defence Management Programs / Carla S. S. Ferreira, Zahra Kalantari / Pages 161-167 --- Relocation of Dikes: Governance Challenges in the Biosphere Reserve “River Landscape Elbe-Brandenburg” / Barbara Warner, Christian Damm / Pages 171-180 --- Commentary: Dike Relocation from an Environmental Policy Perspective / Martijn F. van Staveren / Pages 181-185 --- Commentary: Reflection on Governance Challenges in Large-Scale River Restoration Actions / Kristina Veidemane / Pages 187-190 --- Dilemmas of an Integrated Multi-use Climate Adaptation Project in the Netherlands: The Oekense Beek / Maria Kaufmann, Mark Wiering / Pages 193-207 --- Commentary: Effectiveness and Integrated Multi-use of Retention Measures—A Hydraulic Engineering Perspective / Robert Jüpner / Pages 209-212 --- Commentary: Voluntary Agreement in Multi-use Climate Adaptation in the Oekense Beek from a Politic-Economic Perspective / Thomas Thaler / Pages 213-218 --- Conclusion / Thomas Hartmann, Lenka Slavíková, Simon McCarthy / Pages 221-228

Description / Table of Contents: Towards Explainable Artificial Intelligence -- Transparency: Motivations and Challenges -- Interpretability in Intelligent Systems: A New Concept? -- Understanding Neural Networks via Feature Visualization: A Survey -- Interpretable Text-to-Image Synthesis with Hierarchical Semantic Layout Generation -- Unsupervised Discrete Representation Learning -- Towards Reverse-Engineering Black-Box Neural Networks -- Explanations for Attributing Deep Neural Network Predictions -- Gradient-Based Attribution Methods -- Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation: An Overview -- Explaining and Interpreting LSTMs -- Comparing the Interpretability of Deep Networks via Network Dissection -- Gradient-Based vs. Propagation-Based Explanations: An Axiomatic Comparison -- The (Un)reliability of Saliency Methods -- Visual Scene Understanding for Autonomous Driving Using Semantic Segmentation -- Understanding Patch-Based Learning of Video Data by Explaining Predictions -- Quantum-Chemical Insights from Interpretable Atomistic Neural Networks -- Interpretable Deep Learning in Drug Discovery -- Neural Hydrology: Interpreting LSTMs in Hydrology -- Feature Fallacy: Complications with Interpreting Linear Decoding Weights in fMRI -- Current Advances in Neural Decoding -- Software and Application Patterns for Explanation Methods

Description / Table of Contents: The development of “intelligent” systems that can take decisions and perform autonomously might lead to faster and more consistent decisions. A limiting factor for a broader adoption of AI technology is the inherent risks that come with giving up human control and oversight to “intelligent” machines. Forsensitive tasks involving critical infrastructures and affecting human well-being or health, it is crucial to limit the possibility of improper, non-robust and unsafe decisions and actions. Before deploying an AI system, we see a strong need to validate its behavior, and thus establish guarantees that it will continue to perform as expected when deployed in a real-world environment. In pursuit of that objective, ways for humans to verify the agreement between the AI decision structure and their own ground-truth knowledge have been explored. Explainable AI (XAI) has developed as a subfield of AI, focused on exposing complex AI models to humans in a systematic and interpretable manner. The 22 chapters included in this book provide a timely snapshot of algorithms, theory, and applications of interpretable and explainable AI and AI techniques that have been proposed recently reflecting the current discourse in this field and providing directions of future development. The book is organized in six parts: towards AI transparency; methods for interpreting AI systems; explaining the decisions of AI systems; evaluating interpretability and explanations; applications of explainable AI; and software for explainable AI

Description / Table of Contents: This open access book discusses socio-environmental interactions in the middle to late Holocene, covering specific areas along the ancient Silk Road regions. Over twenty chapters provide insight into this topic from various disciplinary angles and perspectives, ranging from archaeology, paleoclimatology, antiquity, historical geography, agriculture, carving art and literacy. The Silk Road is a modern concept for an ancient network of trade routes that for centuries facilitated and intensified processes of cultural interaction and goods exchange between West China, Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean. Coherent patterns and synchronous events in history suggest possible links between social upheaval, resource utilization and climate or environment forces along the Silk Road and in a broader area. Post-graduates in studying will benefit from this work, as well as it will stimulate young researchers to further explore the role played by the environment in long-term socio-cultural changes.

Description / Table of Contents: This book offers a collection of papers presented in the International Conference on Geomagnetism, Paleomagnetism and Rock Magnetism held in Kazan (Russia) in October 2017. Papers in this book are dedicated to the study of the geomagnetic field through most of the Earth's history as well as planetary and meteorite magnetism, and magnetic signatures of terrestrial impact craters. Recent studies, summaries, and reviews include: 1 - theory of the geomagnetic field, its generation and variations; 2 - experimental data on the geomagnetic field changes; 3 - studies of rock magnetism; 4 - paleotectonic reconstructions and paleoceanography; 5 - magnetostratigraphy; 6 - extraterrestrial magnetism. Summary reports and reviews will be presented by the world’s leading experts in the field of geomagnetic studies. Such workshops held by Academic Council have become traditional. They are always attended by leading professionals from Russia, CIS and non-CIS countries. In addition to discussion sessions focused on recent studies and findings, lectures on some basic concepts of geomagnetism will be delivered by leading Russian and foreign scientists

Description / Table of Contents: This richly illustrated book presents Germany’s geological evolution in the context of the Earth’s dynamic history. It starts with an introduction to Geology and explains the plate tectonic development, as well as the formation of both ancient and recent mountain belts - namely the Caledonian, Variscan and the modern-day Alps - that formed this part of Europe. A dedicated chapter discusses the origin of earthquakes in Germany, the occurrence of young volcanic rocks and the various episodes of rock deformation and metamorphism at these complex crossroads of plate tectonic history. The book highlights Germany’s diverse geological history, ranging from the origin of the Earth, the formation of deep crystalline rocks, and their overlying sedimentary sequences, to its more recent “ice age” quaternary cover. The last chapter addresses the shaping of the modern landscape. Though the content is also accessible for non-geologists, it is primarily intended for geoscience students and an academic audience

Description / Table of Contents: This book offers a collection of conference articles presented at the Second International Young Scientists Forum on Soil and Water Conservation and ICCE symposium 2018 “Climate Change Impacts on Sediment Dynamics: Measurement, Modelling, and Management” held at Moscow from 27 to 31 August 2018. This conference was organized by World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC) and Lomonosov Moscow State University in cooperation with the International Commission on Continental Erosion of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences and World Large rivers Initiative. Topics in this book cover a wide range of questions related to fluvial geomorphology, water studies, and sediment transport.

Description / Table of Contents: The work is a source of modern knowledge on biomineralization, biomimetics and bioinspired materials science with respect to marine invertebrates. The author gives the most coherent analysis of the nature, origin and evolution of biocomposites and biopolymers isolated from and observed in the broad diversity of marine invertebrate organisms and within their unusual structural formations. The basic format is that of a major review article, with liberal use of references to original literature. There is a wealth of new and newly synthesized information, including dozens of previously unpublished images of unique marine creatures and structures from nano- to microscale including high-resolution scanning and transmission electron micrographs. The material is organized effectively along both biological (phyla) and functional lines. The classification of biological materials of marine origin is proposed and discussed. Much of the pertinent data is organized into tables, and extensive use is made of electron micrographs and line drawings. Several modern topics e.g. “biomineralization- demineralization-remineralization phenomena”, or “phenomenon of multiphase biomineralization”, are discussed in details. Traditionally, such current concepts as hierarchical organization of biocomposites and skeletal structures, structural bioscaffolds, biosculpturing, biomimetism and bioinspiration as tools for the design of innovative materials are critically analyzed from both biological and materials science point of view using numerous unique examples of marine origin. This monograph reviews the most relevant advances in the marine biomaterials research field, pointing out several approaches being introduced and explored by distinct laboratories

Description / Table of Contents: Einstein once remarked "After a certain high level of technical skill is achieved, science and art tend to coalesce in aesthetics, plasticity, and form. The greatest scientists are always artists as well". In this volume, some of the world’s leading thinkers come together to expound on the interrelations between sciences and arts. While one can segregate art and place it outside the scientific realm, it is, nevertheless, inextricably linked to our essential cognitive/emotional/perceptual modalities and abilities, and therefore lies alongside and in close contact with the method of science and philosophy. What inspiration can scientists draw from art and how can scientific spirit foster our understanding and creation of aesthetic works? How are art and science grounded in our cognition? What role does perception play in science and art? Are criteria for beauty in art and science the same? How does evolution shape our understanding of art? How do science, art and scientifico-artistic frameworks shape society as a whole and help us address its pressing issues? The epistemological and ontological aspects haunt artists, philosophers and scientists alike. The essays in this volume address these manifold questions while also elucidating the pragmatic role they play in our daily life

Description / Table of Contents: This book is focused on the basics of applying thermochronology to geological and tectonic problems, with the emphasis on fission-track thermochronology. It is conceived for relatively new practitioners to thermochronology, as well as scientists experienced in the various methods. The book is structured in two parts. Part I is devoted to the fundamentals of the fission-track method, to its integration with other geochronologic methods, and to the basic principles of statistics for fission-track dating and sedimentology applied to detrital thermochronology. Part I also includes the historical development of the technique and thoughts on future directions. Part II is devoted to the geological interpretation of the thermochronologic record. The thermal frame of reference and the different approaches for the interpretation of fission-track data within a geological framework of both basement and detrital studies are discussed in detail. Separate chapters demonstrate the application of fission-track thermochronology from various perspectives (e.g., tectonics, petrology, stratigraphy, hydrocarbon exploration, geomorphology), with other chapters on the application to basement rocks in orogens, passive continental margins and cratonic interiors, as well as various applications of detrital thermochronology.

Description / Table of Contents: This book focuses in detail on all ecologically important aspects of the Kongsfjorden system such as the marine and atmospheric environment including long-term monitoring, Ecophysiology of individual species, structure and function of the ecosystem, ecological processes and biological communities. The contributed articles include review articles and research articles that have a wider approach and bring the current research up-to-date. This book will form a baseline for future work.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I.Regional Overview -- Chapter 1. Phanerozoic orogens of NW Southamerica: Cordilleran Type Orogens, Taphrogenic tectonics and the Orogenic Float -- Chapter 2. Phanerozoic orogens of NW Southamerica: Cordilleran Type Orogens, Taphrogenic tectonics and the Orogenic Float -- Part II.The Guiana Shield and the Andean Belt -- Chapter 3. The Proterozoic basement of the Western Guiana shield and the Northern Andes -- Part III.Early Paleozoic Tectono-Sedimentary History -- Chapter 4.Ordovician orogeny and jurassic low-lying orogeny in the Santander Massif, Northern Andes (Colombia) -- Part 4. Major Tectono-Magmatic Events -- Chapter 5.Phanerozoic Granitoid magmatism and tectono-magmatic evolution in the Colombian Andes -- Chapter 6.Phanerozoic metallogeny in the Colombian Andes: a tectono-magmatic framework -- Chapter 7.Paleogene Magmatism of the Maracaibo block and its tectonic significance -- Chapter 8.Late cenozoic to modern-day volcanism in the Northern Andes: A geochronological, petro-graphical and geochemical review -- Part 5.The Northern Andean Orogen -- Part 5.The Northern Andean Orogen -- Chapter 9.Diagnostic structural features of NW South America: Structural Cross-Sections Based Upon Detailed Field Transects -- Chapter 10.Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleo-facies maps of Northwestern South America -- Chapter 11.Morphotectonics and orogenic development of the Northern Andes of Colombia: A low-temperature thermochronology perspective -- Chapter 12.The Romeral shear zone -- Part 6.Continental Uplift-Drift -- Chapter 13.Thermochronology, uplift-exhumation of the Merida Andes, Santander Massif - Perija and Si-erra Nevada De Santa Marta. A Regional Overview -- Part 7.Active Oceanic - Continental Collision -- Chapter 14.The geology of the Panama-Choco Arc -- Part 8.Holocene - Anthropocene -- Chapter 15.Sediment transfers from the Andes of Colombia during the Anthropocene -- Chapter 16.The historical, geomorphological evolution of the Colombian littoral zones (XVIII century to present)

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the geological evolution of the Northern Andes and contiguous shield areas, with a focus upon Colombia. Updated geological interpretations are supported by modern lithogeochemical, seismic, gravity and magnetic data and radiogenic isotope and radiometric age determinations. The composite data permits a detailed interpretation of the tectono-magmatic history of the Northern Andean Block, including the Andes of Colombia, northern Ecuador, western Venezuela and eastern Panamá. Tectonic reconstructions based upon characterization of more than thirty litho-tectonic and morpho-structural units, terrane assemblages and tectonic realms, and their bounding suture and fault systems, highlight the intimate and complementary Mesozoic-Cenozoic history of the Northern Andean Block and the Pacific and Caribbean Plates. The complex nature of Northern Andean assembly contrasts with ‘‘classical’’ Central Andean ‘‘Cordilleran-type’’ orogenic models. Differences render the application of typical Cordilleran-type models inappropriate for the Colombian Andes. The importance of underlying Proterozoic through mid-Mesozoic elements, in the development of Meso-Cenozoic Northern Andean orogeny-phase tectonic configurations is analyzed in the light of spatial-temporal studies and reconstructions related to basin formation, sedimentation, deformation, uplift mechanisms, structural style and magmatic evolution. The pre-Andean architecture of north western South America has played a pre-determinative role in the development of the Northern Andean orogenic system. 16 contributions analyze key stratigraphic, structural, metamorphic, magmatic and tectonic questions, and provide solutions as far as the most recent published field-based studies permit. The volume provides geological interpretations and tectonic models which contrast with repetitive theoretical proposals frequently found in the available literature

Description / Table of Contents: Population genomics has revolutionized various disciplines of biology including population, evolutionary, ecological and conservation genetics, plant and animal breeding, human health, medicine and pharmacology by allowing to address novel and long-standing questions with unprecedented power and accuracy. It employs large-scale or genome-wide genetic information and bioinformatics to address various fundamental and applied aspects in biology and related disciplines, and provides a comprehensive genome-wide perspective and new insights that were not possible before. These advances have become possible due to the development of new and low-cost sequencing and genotyping technologies and novel statistical approaches and software, bioinformatics tools, and models. Population genomics is tremendously advancing our understanding the roles of evolutionary processes, such as mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection, in shaping up genetic variation at individual loci and across the genome and populations; improving the assessment of population genetic parameters or processes such as adaptive evolution, effective population size, gene flow, admixture, inbreeding and outbreeding depression, demography, and biogeography; resolving evolutionary histories and phylogenetic relationships of extant, ancient and extinct species; understanding the genomic basis of fitness, adaptation, speciation, complex ecological and economically important traits, and disease and insect resistance; facilitating forensics, genetic medicine and pharmacology; delineating conservation genetic units; and understanding the genetic effects of resource management practices, and assisting conservation and sustainable management of genetic resources. This Population Genomics book discusses the concepts, approaches, applications and promises of population genomics in addressing most of the above fundamental and applied crucial aspects in a variety of organisms from microorganisms to humans. The book provides insights into a range of emerging population genomics topics including population epigenomics, landscape genomics, seascape genomics, paleogenomics, ecological and evolutionary genomics, biogeography, demography, speciation, admixture, colonization and invasion, genomic selection, and plant and animal domestication. This book fills a vacuum in the field and is expected to become a primary reference in Population Genomics world-wide

Description / Table of Contents: Middle East and Mediterranean region locates at a crossroad of global climatic patterns. The region is under the influence of a convergence of different maritime conditions which together with extensive adjacent land masses marked by extreme differences in topographical features transporting continental air masses lead to a diverse climate. This edited volume is based on the best papers accepted for presentation during the 1st Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-1), Tunisia 2018. It gives new insights on patterns and mechanisms of past, present and future climate/environmental changes mainly on Middle East and Mediterranean region by international researchers. The book is of interest to all researchers in the fields of climate, paleo-climate and paleo-environmental studies. Main topics include: • Spatio-temporal Patterns of Climate Change • Sea Level Variability • Climate Change Impacts and Migration Schemes • Paleoclimate Evolution • Paleoenvironmental Evolution

Description / Table of Contents: This book documents the effects of natural hazards on coastal ecosystems in detail. The sea is an indispensable component of the Earth system, and human societies obtain many goods and services from the marine environment. Global warming threatens marine ecosystems through seawater temperature rise, acidification, sea-level rise and the increased frequency of severe storms. The repeated effects of tsunamis also have major impacts on coastal ecosystems. Increases in population and industry activities along the coast cause the degradation of coastal ecosystems through direct and indirect uses of the environment such as reclamation, overexploitation of bioresources, and pollution. Given these facts, we need to improve our understanding of the physical, chemical and biological mechanisms characterizing marine ecosystems, in order to better measure the effects of anthropogenic and natural impacts on the sea and its ecosystems. Equipped with a comprehensive understanding of the sea, including the effects of the main pressures on it, we will have a better idea of the future state of the sea based on several scenarios of global warming. The 16th France-Japan Symposium on Marine Science focused on using advances in oceanography to better understand the current status of the sea from physical, chemical, biological and ecological perspectives, including fishery sciences and integrated approaches

Description / Table of Contents: Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet) -- Information Storage and Retrieval -- Software Engineering -- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics) -- Systems and Data Security -- Computer Appl. in Administrative Data Processing -- Ontologies -- Databases -- Semantics -- Cooperative Information Systems -- Cloud Computing -- Trust, Security, Privacy And Risk. Management

Description / Table of Contents: This volume LNCS 11877 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Confederated International Conferences: Cooperative Information Systems, CoopIS 2019, Ontologies, Databases, and Applications of Semantics, ODBASE 2019, and Cloud and Trusted Computing, C&TC, held as part of OTM 2019 in October 2019 in Rhodes, Greece. The 38 full papers presented together with 8 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 156 submissions. The OTM program every year covers data and Web semantics, distributed objects, Web services, databases, information systems, enterprise workflow and collaboration, ubiquity, interoperability, mobility, grid and high-performance computing

Description / Table of Contents: This volume consists of 15 chapters and focuses on hazardous chemicals, how they are associated with plastics, and their environmental risks. It includes background information on plastics and additives chemistry, and their observed or potential effects on living organisms as well as the oceanographic aspects of marine debris dispersion. The respective chapters provide insights into the sorption/desorption of chemicals in and out of plastics, the mechanisms and kinetics, but also the scale of the concentrations of chemicals found in marine debris, particularly in microplastics. The occurrence of the various chemicals is analyzed, as well as the distribution profiles of the chemicals in microplastics throughout the world’s oceans. The implications of the fact that plastics carry within them several chemicals are discussed in detail. In closing, new research topics that warrant further attention are identified. The book will appeal to all scientists who are already working or interested in starting to work on the topic of marine debris, as well as policymakers, NGOs and the broader informed public

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Glacier changes since the Little Ice Age -- Chapter 3. An inventory of proglacial systems in Austria, Switzerland and across Patagonia -- Chapter 4. Debris-covered glaciers -- Chapter 5. Closing the balance of ice, water and sediment fluxes through the terminus of Gepatschferner -- Chapter 6. (Ground) Ice in the proglacial zone -- Chapter 7. Periglacial morphodynamics in the Upper Kaunertal -- Chapter 8. Rock slope instability in the proglacial zone: State of the Art -- Chapter 9. Rockfall at proglacial rockwalls - A case study from the Kauner Valley, Austria -- Chapter 10. Glacial sediment stores and their re-working -- Chapter 11. Slope wash, gully erosion and debris flows on lateral moraines in the upper kaunertal, Austria -- Chapter 12. Sediment transport in proglacial rivers -- Chapter 13. Fluvial sediment transport in the proglacial Fagge River, Kaunertal, Austria -- Chapter 14. Proglacial lakes in high mountain environments -- Chapter 15. Sediment budgets in high-mountain areas: Review and challenges -- Chapter 16. Sediment connectivity in proglacial areas -- Chapter 17. A sediment budget of the Upper Kauner Valley -- Chapter 18. The uncalm development of proglacial soils in the European Alps since 1850 -- Chapter 19. Vegetation succession and biogeomorphic interactions in glacier forelands

Description / Table of Contents: This book discusses the recession of alpine glaciers since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA), which has been accelerating in the past decades. It provides an overview of the research in the field, presenting definitions and information about the different proglacial areas and systems. A number of case studies are from the PROSA project group which encompasses the expertise of geomorphologists, geologists, glaciologists and geodesists. The PROSA joint project (High-resolution measurements of morphodynamics in rapidly changing PROglacial Systems of the Alps) is determined to tackle the problems of geomorphic activity on sediment export through a quantification of sediment fluxes effected by the aforementioned geomorphic processes within the forefield of the Gepatschferner glacier (Central Alps, Austria)

Description / Table of Contents: This book focuses in detail on all ecologically important aspects of the Kongsfjorden system such as the marine and atmospheric environment including long-term monitoring, Ecophysiology of individual species, structure and function of the ecosystem, ecological processes and biological communities. The contributed articles include review articles and research articles that have a wider approach and bring the current research up-to-date. This book will form a baseline for future work.

Description / Table of Contents: It is not so long ago (a mere 17,000 years – a blink in geologic time) that vast areas of the Northern Hemisphere were covered with ice sheets up to two miles thick, lowering the oceans by more than 120 m. By 11,000 years ago, most of the ice was gone. Evidence from polar ice cores and ocean sediments show that Ice Ages were persistent and recurrent over the past 800,000 years. The data suggests that Ice Ages were the normal state, and were temporarily interrupted by interglacial warm periods about nine times during this period. Quasi-periodic variations in the Earth cause the solar input to high northern latitudes to vary with time over thousands of years. The widely accepted Milankovitch theory implies that the interglacial warm periods are associated with high solar input to high northern latitudes. However, many periods of high solar input to high northern latitudes occur during Ice Ages while the ice sheets remain. The data also indicates that Ice Ages will persist regardless of solar input to high northern latitudes, until several conditions are met that are necessary to generate a termination of an Ice Age. An Ice Age will not terminate until it has been maturing for many tens of thousands of years leading to a reduction of the atmospheric CO2 concentration to less than 200 ppm. At that point, CO2 starvation coupled with lower temperatures will cause desertification of marginal regions, leading to the generation of large quantities of dust. High winds transfer this dust to the ice sheets greatly increasing their solar absorptivity, and at the next up-lobe in the solar input to high northern latitudes, solar power melts the ice sheets over about a 6,000-year interval. A warm interglacial period follows, during which dust levels drop remarkably. Slowly but surely, ice begins accumulating again at high northern latitudes and an incipient new Ice Age begins. This third edition presents data and models to support this theory

Description / Table of Contents: What do we know about Mediterranean Cold (Deep)-Water coral ecosystems? In this book, specialists offer answers and insights with a series of chapters and short papers about the paleoecology, biology, physiology and ecology of the corals and other organisms that comprise these ecosystems. Structured on a temporal axis—Past, Present and Future—the reviews and selected study cases cover the cold and deep coral habitats known to date in the Mediterranean Basin. This book illustrates and explains the deep Mediterranean coral habitats that might have originated similar thriving ecosystems in today’s Atlantic Ocean

Description / Table of Contents: Domestic and wild large mammalian herbivores occur on every continent except Antarctica. Through their browsing and grazing, they affect the structure and distribution not only of vegetation, but also of associated fauna. Consequently, the interactions between management practices and herbivore populations influence the biodiversity, structure and dynamics of ecosystems across vast expanses around the globe: signs of human activity that will be detectable for epochs to come. As a follow-up work to The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing, published in 2008, this new volume presents cutting-edge research on the behaviour, distribution, movement, and direct and indirect impacts of domestic and wild herbivores on terrestrial ecosystems. The respective chapters highlight strategic and applied research on cross-cutting issues in palaeontology and ecology, and provide concrete recommendations on the management of large herbivores to integrate production and conservation in terrestrial systems. Given its scope, the book will appeal to students, researchers and anyone interested in understanding these fascinating wild animals and how they shape the natural world

Description / Table of Contents: Scherrer Width and Topography of Illite as Potential Indicators for Contrasting Cu-Recovery by Flotation of a Chilean Porphyry Cu (Mo) Ore / G. Abarzúa, L. Gutiérrez, U. Kelm, J. Morales / Pages 3-6 --- Ore Mineralogical Study of Cerattepe Au-Cu (±Zn) VMS Deposit (Artvin-Turkey) / İ. Akpınar, E. Çiftçi / Pages 7-10 --- Correlation Value of the Mineralogical Composition of Tills in the North of European Russia / L. Andreicheva / Pages 11-14 --- Comparative Gold Deportment Study on Direct Leaching and Hybrid Process Tails of Oxide Ores from Mayskoye Au Deposit (Chukotka, Russia) / I. Anisimov, A. Dolotova, A. Sagitova, M. Kharitonova, B. Milman, I. Agapov / Pages 15-18 --- Mineral-Geochemical Criteria to Gold and Silver Recovery for Geometallurgical Sampling Campaign on Primorskoe Gold-Silver Deposit / I. Anisimov, A. Sagitova, O. Troshina, I. Agapov / Pages 19-23 --- Mineralogical-Geochemical Criteria for Geometallurgical Mapping of Levoberezhnoye Au Deposit (Khabarovsk Region, Russia) / I. Anisimov, A. Sagitova, M. Kharitonova, A. Dolotova, I. Agapov / Pages 24-28 --- Mineralogical Reasons of Au Recovery Variability from North-Western Pit of Varvara Au-Cu Mine (Kazakhstan) and Criteria for Geometallurgical Mapping / I. Anisimov, A. Dolotova, A. Sagitova, M. Kharitonova, I. Agapov / Pages 29-32 --- Mineralogical Breakthrough into Nanoworld: Results and Challenges / A. Askhabov / Pages 33-36 --- Case Study: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Copper Mine Tailings in Northern Central-Chile / K. Berkh, D. Rammlmair, M. Drobe, J. Meima / Pages 37-40 --- Application of Fluoride Technology for Processing of Off-Grade Aluminum Raw Materials / I. Burtsev, I. Perovskiy, D. Kuzmin / Pages 41-44 --- Applied Mineralogy for Complex and Profound Mineral Processing / V. Chanturiya, T. Matveeva / Pages 45-48 --- Mineralogical and Technological Features of Tin Minerals at Pravourmiysky Deposit (Khabarovsk Region) / T. Chikisheva, S. Prokopyev, E. Kolesov, V. Kilin, A. Karpova, E. Prokopyev et al. / Pages 49-52 --- Ore Mineralogy of High Sulfidation Çorak-Taç Epimesothermal Gold Deposit (Yusufeli-Artvin-Turkey) / K. Diarra, E. Sangu, E. Çiftçi / Pages 53-58 --- Mineralogical and Technological Aspects of Phosphate Ore Processing / A. Elbendari, V. Potemkin, T. Aleksandrova, N. Nikolaeva / Pages 59-65 --- Properties and Processing of Ores Containing Layered Silicates / A. Gerasimov, V. Arsentyev, V. Lazareva / Pages 66-69 --- Applied Mineralogy of Anthropogenic Accessory Minerals / A. Gerasimov, E. Kotova, I. Ustinov / Pages 70-74 --- Crystal-Chemical and Technological Features of the KMA Natural Magnetites / T. Gzogyan, S. Gzogyan / Pages 75-79 --- Practical Application of Technological Mineralogy on the Example of Studying of Sulphidization in the KMA Ferruginous Quartzites / S. Gzogyan, T. Gzogyan / Pages 80-83 --- Ore Mineralogy of Kirazliyayla (Yenişehir-Bursa-Turkey) Mesothermal Zn-Pb-(±Cu) Deposit: Preliminary Results / F. Javid, E. Çiftçi / Pages 84-89 --- Use of Borogypsum as Secondary Raw / A. Khatkova, L. Nikitina, S. Pateyuk / Pages 90-93 --- New Approaches in X-ray Phase Analysis of Gypsum Raw Material of Diverse Genesis / V. Klimenko, V. Pavlenko, T. Klimenko / Pages 94-98 --- Nanotechnologies in Mineral-Geochemical Methods for Assessing the Forms of Finding of Gold, Related Elements, Technological Properties of Industrial Ores and Their Tails / R. Koneev, R. Khalmatov, O. Tursunkulov, A. Krivosheeva, N. Iskandarov, A. Sigida / Pages 99-102 --- Applied Mineralogy of Mining Industrial Wastes / O. Kotova, E. Ozhogina / Pages 103-106 --- High-Tech Elements in Minerals of Massive Sulfide Deposits: LA-ICP-MS Data / V. Maslennikov, S. Maslennikova, N. Aupova, A. Tseluyko, R. Large, L. Danyushevsky et al. / Pages 107-110 --- Absolutely Pure Gold with High Fineness 1000‰ / Z. Nikiforova / Pages 111-114 --- New Data on Microhardness of Placer Gold / Z. Nikiforova / Pages 115-118 --- Modern Methods of Technological Mineralogy in Assessing the Quality of Rare Metal Raw Materials / E. Ozhogina, A. Rogozhin, O. Yakushina, Yu. Astakhova, E. Likhnikevich, N. Sycheva et al. / Pages 119-122 --- Topochemical Transformations in Sodium-Bismuth-Silicate System at 100–900 ℃ / A. Pavlenko, R. Yastrebinskiy / Pages 123-126 --- Ag-Bearing Mineralization of Nevenrekan Deposit (Magadan Region, Russia) / E. Podolian, I. Shelukhina, I. Kotova / Pages 127-128 --- Th/U Relations as an Indicator of the Genesis of Metamorphic Zircons (On the Example of the North of the Urals) / Y. Pystina, A. Pystin / Pages 129-132 --- Phenomenon of Microphase Heterogenization by Means of Endocrypt-Scattered Impurity of Rare and Noble Metals as a Result of Radiation by Accelerated Electrons of Bauxites / I. Razmyslov, O. Kotova, V. Silaev, L. A. Gomze / Pages 133-135 --- Gold Extraction to Ferrosilicium, Production of Foam Silicate from Processing Tails of the Olimpiada Mining and Processing Complex Gold Processing Plant (Russia, Krasnoyarsk Territory) / A. Sazonov, V. Pavlov, S. Silyanov, E. Zvyagina / Pages 136-139 --- Predictive Assessment of Quality of Mineral Aggregates Disintegration / S. Shevchenko, R. Brodskaya, I. Bilskaya, Yu. Kobzeva, V. Lyahnitskaya / Pages 140-142 --- Development of Methods for Anti-filtration Formations Destruction Inside a Heap Leach Pile / H. Tcharo, M. Koulibaly, F. K. N. Tchibozo / Pages 143-145 --- Microtomographic Study of Gabbro-Diabase Structural Transformations Under Compressive Loads / L. Vaisberg, E. Kameneva / Pages 146-151 --- Process Mineralogy as a Basis of Molybdoscheelite Ore Preparation / L. Vaisberg, O. Kononov, I. Ustinov / Pages 152-156 --- Crystallomorphology of Cassiterite and Its Practical Importance / I. Vdovina / Pages 157-161 --- Modal Analysis of Rocks and Ores in Thin Sections / Yu. Voytekhovsky / Pages 162-166 --- Quality Assurance Support (QA/QC System) of Mineralogical Analysis / O. Yakushina, E. Gorbatova, E. Ozhogina, A. Rogozhin / Pages 167-171 --- Mineral Preparation in Geological Research / T. Yusupov, A. Travin, S. Novikova, D. Yudin / Pages 172-175 --- Impact Diamonds: Types, Properties and Uses / V. Afanasiev, N. Pokhilenko, A. Eliseev, S. Gromilov, S. Ugapieva, V. Senyut / Pages 179-182 --- Authentic Semi-precious and Precious Gemstones of Turkey: Special Emphasis on the Ones Preferred for Prayer Beads / E. Çiftçi, H. Selim, H. Sendir / Pages 183-188 --- Biooxidation of Copper Sulfide Minerals / Yu. Elkina, E. Melnikova, V. Melamud, A. Bulaev / Pages 189-191 --- Genetic Problem of Quartz in Titanium Minerals in Paleoplacers of Middle Timan / I. Golubeva, I. Burtsev, A. Ponaryadov, A. Shmakova / Pages 192-194 --- Gold and Platinum Group Minerals (PGM) from the Placers of Northwest Kuznetsk Alatau (NWKA) (South Siberia, Russia) / V. Gusev, S. Zhmodik, G. Nesterenko, D. Belyanin / Pages 195-197 --- Noble Metal Mineralization of the PGM Zone “C” of the East-Pana Layered Intrusion (Kola Peninsula) / O. Kazanov, G. Logovskaya, S. Korneev / Pages 198-200 --- Shungites and Their Industrial Potential / V. Kovalevski, V. Shchiptsov / Pages 201-204 --- Gold-Silver Natural Alloy of Chromitites from the Kamenushinsky Massif (The Middle Urals) / A. Minibaev / Pages 205-207 --- Microbial Processes in Ore-Bearing Laterite at the Tomtor Nb-REE Deposit: Evidence from Carbon Isotope Composition in Carbonates / V. Ponomarchuk, E. Lazareva, S. Zhmodik, N. Karmanov, A. Piryaev / Pages 208-211 --- Peridot: Types of Deposits and Formation Conditions / S. Sokolov / Pages 212-213 --- Mineralogical Analysis of Glacial Deposits and Titanium Paleoplacers of the East European Part of Russia / N. Vorobyov, A. Shmakova / Pages 214-215 --- A Bench Scale Investigation of Pump-Ejector System at Simultaneous Water and Gas Injection / S. Karabaev, N. Olmaskhanov, N. Mirsamiev, J. Mugisho / Pages 219-220 --- Integrated Use of Oil and Salt Layers at Oil Field Development / V. Malyukov, K. Vorobyev / Pages 221-222 --- Oil and Gas Reservoirs in the Lower Triassic Deposits in the Arctic Regions of the Timan-Pechora Province / N. Timonina / Pages 223-226 --- Associated Petroleum Gas Flaring: The Problem and Possible Solution / A. Vorobev, E. Shchesnyak / Pages 227-230 --- Innovative Technology of Using Anti-sand Filters at Wells of the Vankor Oil and Gas Field / K. Vorobyev, A. Gomes / Pages 231-232 --- Thermometry of Apatite Saturation (The Kozhym Massif, The Subpolar Urals) / Y. Denisova, A. Vikhot, O. Grakova, N. Uljasheva / Pages 235-238 --- Studies of Structural Changes in Surface and Deep Layers in Magnetite Crystals After High Pressure Pressing / P. Matyukhin / Pages 239-243 --- The Potential of Lacquer Peel Profiles and Hyperspectral Analysis for Exploration of Tailings Deposits / W. Nikonow, D. Rammlmair / Pages 244-247 --- Methods of Extraction of Micro- and Nanoparticles of Metal Compounds from Fine Fractions of Rocks, Ores and Processing Products / A. Smetannikov, D. Onosov / Pages 248-251 --- Efficiency Evaluation for Titanium Dioxide-Based Advanced Materials in Water Treatment / M. Harja, O. Kotova, S. Sun, A. Ponaryadov, T. Shchemelinina / Pages 255-258 --- The Use of Karelia’s High-Mg Rocks for the Production of Building Materials, Ceramics and Other Materials with Improved Properties / V. Ilyina / Pages 259-262 --- Kinetic Features of Formation of Supramolecular Matrices on the Basis of Silica Monodisperse Spherical Particles / D. Kamashev / Pages 263-266 --- Three-Cation Scandium Borates RxLa1−XSc3(BO3)4(R = Sm, Tb): Synthesis, Structure, Crystal Growth and Luminescent Properties / A. Kokh, A. Kuznetsov, K. Kokh, N. Kononova, V. Shevchenko, B. Uralbekov et al. / Pages 267-271 --- Rational Usage of Amorphous Varieties of Silicon Dioxide in Dry Mixtures of Glass with Specific Light Transmittance / N. Min’ko, O. Dobrinskaya / Pages 272-276 --- Peculiarities of Phase Formation in Artificial Ceramic Binders for White-Ware Compositions / I. Moreva, E. Evtushenko, O. Sysa, V. Bedina / Pages 277-280 --- Experimental Modeling of Biogeosorbents / T. Shchemelinina, O. Kotova, E. Anchugova, D. Shushkov, G. Ignatyev, M. Markarova / Pages 281-285 --- Heating Rate and Liquid Glass Content Influence on Cement Brick Dehydration / V. Strokova, D. Bondarenko / Pages 286-289 --- Structure and Surface Reactivity Mediated Enzymatic Performances of Clay-Based Nanobiocatalyst / S. Sun, K. Wang, F. Dong, B. Ma, T. Huo, Y. Zhao et al. / Pages 290-291 --- Structural-Phase Stabilization of Clay Materials in Hydrothermal Conditions / O. Sysa, E. Evtushenko, I. Moreva, V. Loktionov / Pages 292-295 --- Phase Changes in Radiation Protection Composite Materials Based on Bismuth Oxide / S. Yashkina, V. Doroganov, E. Evtushenko, O. Gavshina, E. Sysa / Pages 296-299 --- Development of Technology for Anti-corrosion Glass Enamel Coatings for Oil Pipelines / E. Yatsenko, A. Ryabova, L. Klimova / Pages 300-303 --- Optimization of Formulations of Cement Composites Modified by Calcined Clay Raw Material for Energy Efficient Building Constructions / A. Balykov, T. Nizina, V. Volodin, D. Korovkin / Pages 307-310 --- Santa Maria Clays as Ceramic Raw Materials / Â. Cerqueira, C. Sequeira, D. Terroso, S. Moutinho, C. Costa, F. Rocha / Pages 311-312 --- Alkaline Activation of Rammed Earth Material – “New Generation of Adobes” / C. Costa, D. Arduin, C. Sequeira, D. Terroso, S. Moutinho, Â. Cerqueira et al. / Pages 313-314 --- Structurization of Composites When Using 3D-Additive Technologies in Construction / M. Elistratkin, V. Lesovik, N. Chernysheva, E. Glagolev, P. Hardaev / Pages 315-318 --- Influence of Flow Blowing Agent on the Properties of Aerated Concrete Variable Density and Strength / V. Galdina, E. Gurova, P. Deryabin, M. Rashchupkina, I. Chulkova / Pages 319-322 --- Structuring Features of Mixed Cements on the Basis of Technogenic Products / M. Garkavi, A. Artamonov, E. Kolodezhnaya, A. Pursheva, M. Akhmetzyanova / Pages 323-326 --- Use of Slags in the Production of Portland Cement Clinker / V. Konovalov, A. Fedorov, A. Goncharov / Pages 327-330 --- Geopolymerization and Structure Formation in Alkali Activated Aluminosilicates with Different Crystallinity Degree / N. Kozhukhova, V. Strokova, I. Zhernovsky, K. Sobolev / Pages 331-334 --- Matrix Instruments for Calculating Costs of Concrete with Multicomponent Binders / T. Kuladzhi, S.-A. Murtazaev, S. Aliev, M. Hubaev / Pages 335-338 --- Characterisation of Perovskites in a Calcium Sulfo Aluminate Cement / G. Le Saout, R. Idir, J.-C. Roux / Pages 339-343 --- Geonics (Geomimetics) as a Theoretical Basis for New Generation Compositing / V. Lesovik, A. Volodchenko, E. Glagolev, I. Lashina, H.-B. Fischer / Pages 344-347 --- Regularities in the Formation of the Structure and Properties of Coatings Based on Silicate Paint Sol / V. Loganina, E. Mazhitov, V. Demyanova / Pages 348-351 --- Influence of Sodium Oxide on Brightness Coefficient of Portland Cement Clinker / D. Mishin, S. Kovalyov / Pages 352-355 --- Production of Bleached Cement / D. Mishin, S. Kovalev / Pages 356-359 --- Multicomponent Binders with Off-Grade Fillers / S.-A. Murtazaev, M. Salamanova, M. Saydumov, A. Alaskhanov, M. Khubaev / Pages 360-364 --- High-Quality Concretes for Foundations of the Multifunctional High-Rise Complex (MHC) «Akhmat Tower» / S.-A. Murtazaev, M. Saydumov, A. Alaskhanov, M. Nakhaev / Pages 365-368 --- Designing High-Strength Concrete Using Products of Dismantling of Buildings and Structures / T. Murtazaeva, A. Alaskhanov, M. Saidumov, V. Hadisov / Pages 369-371 --- Estimation of Rheo-Technological Effectiveness of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer in Filled Cement Systems in the Development of Self-compacting Concrete for High-Density Reinforced Building Constructions / T. Nizina, A. Balykov, V. Volodin, D. Korovkin / Pages 372-375 --- Parameters of Siliciferous Substrate of Photocatalytic Composition Material as a Factor of Its Efficiency / Y. Ogurtsova, E. Gubareva, M. Labuzova, V. Strokova / Pages 376-380 --- Properties Improvement of Metakaolin-Zeolite-Diatomite-Red Mud Based Geopolymers / F. Rocha, C. Costa, W. Hajjaji, S. Andrejkovičová, S. Moutinho, A. Cerqueira / Pages 381-384 --- Features of Production of Fine Concretes Based on Clinkerless Binders of Alkaline Mixing / M. Salamanova, S.-A. Murtazaev, A. Alashanov, Z. Ismailova / Pages 385-388 --- Impact of Thermal Modification on Properties of Basalt Fiber for Concrete Reinforcement / V. Strokova, V. Nelyubova, I. Zhernovsky, O. Masanin, S. Usikov, V. Babaev / Pages 389-392 --- Activation of Cement in a Jet Mill / S. Titov, A. Kazakov / Pages 393-394 --- The Law of Similarity and Designing High-Performance Composites / A. Tolstoy, V. Lesovik, E. Glagolev, L. Zagorodniuk / Pages 395-398 --- Genesis of Clay Rock of the Incomplete Stage of Mineral Formation as a Raw Material Base for Autoclaved Materials / A. Volodchenko, V. Strokova / Pages 399-402 --- Abnormal Mineral Formation in Aluminate Cement Stone / I. Zhernovsky, V. Strokova, V. Nelyubova, Yu. Ogurtsova, M. Rykunova / Pages 403-406 --- Structural Transformations of Low-Temperature Quartz During Mechanoactivation / I. Zhernovsky, V. Strokova / Pages 407-410 --- Effect of Earthquake on the Landscape of Jiuzhaigou-Huanglong Travertine and Its Restoration / F. Dong, Q. Dai, Q. Li, F. Wang, Y. Luo / Pages 413-414 --- Microbial Colonies in Renal Stones / A. Izatulina, M. Zelenskaya, O. Frank-Kamenetskaya / Pages 415-418 --- Fabrication of ZnO/Palygorskite Nanocomposites for Antibacterial Application / Y. Kang, A. Hui, A. Wang / Pages 419-422 --- Bacterial Oxidation of Pyrite Surface / S. Lipko, I. Lipko, K. Arsent’ev, V. Tauson / Pages 423-426 --- Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Cobalt Blue/Clay Mineral Hybrid Pigments with Self-cleaning Property and Different Colors / B. Mu, A. Zhang, A. Wang / Pages 427-431 --- Silicon Dioxide in Mineralized Heart Valves / A. Titov, V. Zaikovskii, P. M. Larionov / Pages 432-435 --- Preparation of Macroporous Adsorbent Based on Montmorillonite Stabilized Pickering Medium Internal Phase Emulsions / F. Wang, Y. Zhu, W. Wang, A. Wang / Pages 436-439 --- Depletion of the Land Resources and Its Effect on the Environment / M. Abou Zahr Diaz, M. A. Alawiyeh, M. Ghaboura / Pages 443-444 --- Geochemical Behavior of Heavy Metals During Treatment by Phosphoric Fertilizer at a Dumping Site in Kabwe, Zambia / H. Kamegamori, K. Lawrence, T. Sato, T. Otake / Pages 445-446 --- Murataite-Pyrochlore Ceramics as Complex Matrices for Radioactive Waste Immobilization: Structural and Microstructural Mechanisms of Crystallization / S. Krivovichev, S. Yudintsev, A. Pakhomova, S. Stefanovsky / Pages 447-450 --- Cs Leaching Behavior During Alteration Process of Calcium Silicate Hydrate and Potassium Alumino Silicate Hydrate / K. Kuroda, K. Toda, Y. Kobayashi, T. Sato, T. Otake / Pages 451-452 --- Environmental Pollution Problems in the Mining Regions of Russia / E. Levchenko, I. Spiridonov, D. Klyucharev / Pages 453-456 --- Environmental Solutions for the Disposal of Fine White Marble Waste / I. Shadrunova, T. Chekushina, A. Proshlyakov / Pages 457-460 --- Security Test of New Technology in View of Increased Performance of Oil Platforms Without Increasing Environmental Risks / E. M. Tanoh Boguy, T. Chekushina / Pages 461-462 --- Calcite Mineral Generation in Cold-Water Travertine Huanglong, China / F. Wang, F. Dong, X. Zhao, Q. Dai, Q. Li, Y. Luo et al. / Pages 463-465 --- Optimization of the Natural-Technical System “Iron Ore Quarry” Management Based on the Algorithm of the Rock Mass Stability Ensuring / L. Yarg, I. Fomenko, D. Gorobtsov / Pages 466-470 --- Utilization of Associated Oil Gas: Geo-ecological Problems and Modernization of the State / L. Z. Zhang, H. Y. Sun / Pages 471-472 --- Identifying the Decorative Stone Samples from the Mining Museum’s Collection: First Results / N. Borovkova, M. Machevariani / Pages 475-478 --- Monitoring of the State of St. Petersburg Stone Monuments and the Strategy of Their Preservation / O. Frank-Kamenetskaya, D. Vlasov, V. Rytikova, V. Parfenov, V. Manurtdinova, M. Zelenskaya / Pages 479-482 --- Ceramics Sugar Jars Pieces from Aveiro Production / S. Moutinho, C. Costa, Â. Cerqueira, C. Sequeira, D. Terroso, J. Nobre et al. / Pages 483-484 --- Back Matter / Pages 485-488

Description / Table of Contents: Microplastics are contaminants of emerging concern in freshwater environments: an overview --- Aquatic ecotoxicity of microplastics and nanoplastics - lessons learned from engineered nanomaterials --- Analysis, Occurrence, and Degradation of Microplastics in the Aqueous Environment --- Sources and fate of microplastics in urban areas: a focus on Paris Megacity --- Microplastic pollution in inland waters focusing on Asia --- Microplastics in inland African waters: presence, sources and fate --- Modelling the fate and transport of plastic debris in fresh waters. Review and guidance --- Interactions of microplastics with freshwater biota --- Microplastic-associated Biofilms: A Comparison of Freshwater and Marine Environments --- Risk perception of plastic pollution: Importance of stakeholder involvement and citizen science --- Understanding the Risks of Microplastics. A Social-Ecological Risk Perspective --- Freshwater microplastics: challenges for regulation and management --- Microplastic: What are the solutions?

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction --- Part I: Bioeconomy Concepts and Research Methods --- Chapter 2: Context --- Chapter 3: Bioeconomy concepts --- Chapter 4: Core principles --- Chapter 4: Inter- and Transdisciplinarity in the Bioeconomy --- Part II: Knowledge Base for Biobased Value Chains --- Chapter 5:Biobased Resources and Value Chains --- Chapter 6: Primary Production --- Chapter 7: Processing of Biobased Resources --- Chapter 8: Markets, Sustainability management and Entrepreneurship.- Part III: Transition to a Sustainable Bioeconomy --- Chapter9:  Modelling and Tools Supporting the Transition to a Bioeconomy --- Chapter 10: Environmental Economics, the Bioeconomy and the Role of Government --- Chapter 11: Economic Growth, Development, and Innovation – The Transformation towards a Knowledge-based Bioeconomy --- Chapter 12: The Bioeconomist