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Meteorology for Coastal Scientists (2021)

Rohli, Robert V. ; Li, Chunyan.

Cham :Springer International Publishing :

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Keywords: Atmospheric science. ; Oceanography. ; Natural disasters. ; Atmospheric Science. ; Ocean Sciences. ; Natural Hazards.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Introduction to Our Coastal Atmosphere -- Chapter 1. The Scope and Uniqueness of Our Coastal Atmosphere -- Chapter 2. Atmospheric Composition, Structure, and Evolution -- Part II. Thermodynamics in Our Coastal Atmosphere -- Chapter 3. Energy Transfer / Electromagnetic Radiation -- Chapter 4. Temperature -- Chapter 5. Application of the Gas Laws in Meteorology -- Chapter 6. The Hydrostatic Equation and Adiabatic Processes -- Chapter 7. Atmospheric Moisture -- Chapter 8. Atmospheric Stability and Potential Temperature -- Chapter 9. Measuring and Estimating Atmospheric Stability -- Chapter 10. Using Thermodynamic Diagrams in Meteorology -- Chapter 11. Clouds -- Chapter 12. Precipitation Processes and Types -- Part III. Dynamic Processes in Our Coastal Atmosphere -- Chapter 13. Pressure and Winds -- Chapter 14. Coriolis Effect -- Chapter 15. Effect of Friction -- Chapter 16. The Gradient Wind -- Chapter 17. Gravitation -- Chapter 18. The Seven Basic Equations in Weather Forecasting Models -- Chapter 19. Comparison of Weather Forecasting Models and GCMs -- Chapter 20. General Circulation of the Atmosphere -- Part IV. Weather Systems in Our Coastal Zone -- Chapter 21. Air Masses -- Chapter 22. Atmospheric Lifting Mechanisms -- Chapter 23. Fronts and the Mid-latitude Wave Cyclone -- Chapter 24. Thunderstorms -- Chapter 25. Lightning -- Chapter 26. Tornadoes and Waterspouts -- Chapter 27. Advising the Public about the Severe Weather Risk -- Chapter 28. Tropical Cyclones -- Chapter 29. Coastal Flooding -- Chapter 30. Coastal Drought -- Chapter 31. Winter Storms -- Chapter 32. Sea Ice and Weather Systems -- Chapter 33. Summary of Energy Transfer by Atmospheric Motion -- Part V. Atmospheric Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Interaction -- Chapter 34. Introduction to the Near-surface Atmosphere -- Chapter 35. The Logarithmic Wind Profile in Neutral Stability Conditions -- Chapter 36. The Non-neutral or Diabatic Wind Profile -- Chapter 37. Introduction to the Transition (or Ekman) Layer -- Chapter 38. The Classical Solution to the Atmospheric Ekman Spiral -- Chapter 39. The Modified Ekman Spiral Solution in the Atmosphere -- Chapter 40. Fundamentals of Air-Sea Interactions -- Chapter 41. Weather Effects on the Ocean -- Chapter 42. Wind Stress and Turbulent Flux Drag Coefficients over Water Surfaces -- Part VI. Air-Sea-Land Interaction -- Chapter 43. Surface Fluxes of Energy, Moisture, and Momentum -- Chapter 44. Sea and Land Breezes -- Chapter 45. Coastal Fog -- Chapter 46. Coastal Upwelling and Weather -- Chapter 47. Atmospheric Impacts on Lake Processes -- Chapter 48. Coastal Jets -- Chapter 49. Atmospheric Optical Effects in Our Coastal Zone -- Part VII. Planning and Engineering Applications -- Chapter 50. Atmospheric Dispersion in Our Coastal Zone -- Chapter 51. Meteorology and Climatology of Coastal Cities -- Chapter 52. Engineering Aspects of the Wind Profile -- Appendix A. Système International Units Commonly Used in Meteorology -- Appendix B. “Retired” Atlantic-Caribbean-Gulf of Mexico Hurricane Names -- Index.

Abstract: This is a textbook for non-atmospheric specialists who work in the coastal zone. Its purpose will be to help coastal environmental, engineering, and planning professionals to understand coastal atmospheric processes. This in turn will allow more effective communication with climate modelers, atmospheric environmental consultants, and members of the media. The coastal environment is among the most intensively used and chronically abused components of the Earth-ocean-atmosphere system. It is also home to an ever-increasing proportion of humanity with their increasing development, trade, transportation, and industrial activities, amid increasing impacts of natural hazards. The atmosphere is an integral part of the system, with all of the above human activities affecting and being affected by atmospheric processes and hazards. Yet few of the specialists studying the coastal environment have expertise on atmospheric processes, this therefore presents a highly relevant textbook on coastal atmospheric processes.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

Pages: XIII, 525 p. 340 illus., 252 illus. in color. , online resource.

Edition: 1st ed. 2021.

ISBN: 9783030730932

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73093-2

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73093-2

DDC: 551.5

Language: English

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Meteorology for coastal scientists (2021)

Rohli, Robert V. [VerfasserIn] ; Li, Chunyan [VerfasserIn]

Cham : Springer

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Call number: 9783030730932 (e-book)

Description / Table of Contents: This is a textbook for non-atmospheric specialists who work in the coastal zone. Its purpose will be to help coastal environmental, engineering, and planning professionals to understand coastal atmospheric processes. This in turn will allow more effective communication with climate modelers, atmospheric environmental consultants, and members of the media. The coastal environment is among the most intensively used and chronically abused components of the Earth-ocean-atmosphere system. It is also home to an ever-increasing proportion of humanity with their increasing development, trade, transportation, and industrial activities, amid increasing impacts of natural hazards. The atmosphere is an integral part of the system, with all of the above human activities affecting and being affected by atmospheric processes and hazards. Yet few of the specialists studying the coastal environment have expertise on atmospheric processes, this therefore presents a highly relevant textbook on coastal atmospheric processes.

Type of Medium: 12

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xiii, 525 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme

ISBN: 9783030730932 , 978-3-030-73093-2

URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73093-2

Language: English

Note: Contents Part I Introduction to Our Coastal Atmosphere 1 Scope, Uniqueness, and Importance of Our Coastal Atmosphere 2 Atmospheric Composition, Structure, and Evolution Part II Thermodynamics in Our Coastal Atmosphere 3 Energy Transfer and Electromagnetic Radiation 4 Temperature 5 Application of the Gas Laws in Meteorology 6 The Hydrostatic Equation and Adiabatic Processes 7 Atmospheric Moisture 8 Atmospheric Stability and Potential Temperature 9 Measuring and Estimating Atmospheric Stability 10 Using Thermodynamic Diagrams in Meteorology 11 Clouds 12 Precipitation Processes and Types Part III Dynamic Processes in Our Coastal Atmosphere 13 Pressure and Winds 14 Coriolis Effect 15 Effect of Friction 16 Centripetal Acceleration and the Gradient Wind 17 Gravitation 18 The Seven Basic Equations in Weather Forecasting Models 19 Comparison of Weather Forecasting Models and General Circulation Models 20 General Circulation of the Atmosphere Part IV Weather Systems in the Coastal Zone 21 Air Masses 22 Atmospheric Lifting Mechanisms 23 Fronts and the Mid-Latitude Wave Cyclone 24 Thunderstorms 25 Lightning 26 Tornadoes and Waterspouts 27 Advising the Public About the Severe Weather Risk 28 Tropical Cyclones 29 Coastal Flooding 30 Coastal Drought 31 Winter Storms 32 Sea Ice and Weather Systems 33 Summary of Energy Transfer by Atmospheric and Oceanic Motion Part V Atmospheric Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Interaction 34 Introduction to Near-Surface Atmospheric Dynamics 35 The Logarithmic Wind Profile in Neutral Stability Conditions 36 Non-neutral or Diabatic Wind Profile 37 Introduction to the Transition (or Ekman) Layer 38 The Classical Solution to the Atmospheric Ekman Spiral 39 Fundamentals of Air-Sea Interactions 40 Weather Effects on the Coastal Ocean 41 Wind Stress and Turbulent Flux Drag Coefficients Over Water Part VI Air-Sea-Land Interaction 42 Surface Fluxes of Energy, Moisture, and Momentum 43 Sea and Land Breezes 44 Coastal Fog 45 Coastal Upwelling and Weather 46 Atmospheric Impacts on Lake Processes 47 Coastal Jets 48 Atmospheric Optical Effects in the Coastal Zone 49 Solar Radiation in Aquatic Systems Part VII Dispersion and Engineering Applications 50 Meteorology and Climatology of Coastal Cities 51 Atmospheric Dispersion in the Coastal Zone 52 Engineering Aspects of the Wind Profile Appendices References Index

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Complexity of the flooding/drying process in an estuarine tidal-creek salt-marsh system : an application of FVCOM (2010)

Chen, Changsheng ; Qi, Jianhua ; Li, Chunyan ; [et al.]

American Geophysical Union

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Publication Date: 2022-05-25

Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2008. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 113 (2008): C07052, doi:10.1029/2007JC004328.

Description: The tidal flooding/drying process in the Satilla River Estuary was examined using an unstructured-grid finite-volume coastal ocean model (FVCOM). Driven by tidal forcing at the open boundary and river discharge at the upstream end, FVCOM produced realistic tidal flushing in this estuarine tidal-creek intertidal salt-marsh complex, amplitudes and phases of the tidal wave, and salinity observed at mooring sites and along hydrographic transects. The model-predicted residual flow field is characterized by multiscale eddies in the main channel, which are verified by ship-towed ADCP measurements. To examine the impact of complex coastal geometry on water exchange in an estuarine tidal-creek salt-marsh system, FVCOM was compared with our previous structured-grid finite difference Satilla River Estuary model (ECOM-si). The results suggest that by failing to resolve the complex coastal geometry of tidal creeks, barriers and islands, a model can generate unrealistic flow and water exchange and thus predict the wrong dynamics for this estuary. A mass-conservative unstructured-grid model is required to accurately and efficiently simulate tidal flow and flushing in a complex geometrically controlled estuarine dynamical system.

Description: This research was supported by the Georgia Sea grant (NA26RG0373 and NA66RG0282), the NOAA grant (NA16OP2323), and the NSF grants (OCE0234545, OCE0606928, OCE0712903, OCE0732084, and OCE0726851) for C. Chen, by the Georgia Sea grant (RR746-007/7512067, R/HAB-12-PD, R/HAB-18-PD, RR746-011/7876867), Georgia DNR (RR 100-279-9262764), and NSF grant (OCE-0554674) for C. Li.

Keywords: Estuary ; Tidal creek ; Salt marsh

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Type: Article

Format: application/pdf

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Physical mechanisms for the offshore detachment of the Changjiang Diluted Water in the East China Sea (2010)

Chen, Changsheng ; Xue, Pengfei ; Ding, Pingxing ; [et al.]

American Geophysical Union

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Publication Date: 2022-05-26

Description: Physical mechanisms for the summertime offshore detachment of the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) into the East China Sea are examined using the high-resolution, unstructured-grid, Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). The model results suggest that isolated low salinity water lens detected west of Cheju Island can be formed by (1) a large-scale adjustment of the flow field to the Changjiang discharge and (2) the detachment of anticyclonic eddies as a result of baroclinic instability of the CDW front. Adding the Changjiang discharge intensifies the clockwise vorticity of the subsurface current (originating from the Taiwan Warm Current) flowing along the 50-m isobath and thus drives the low-salinity water in the northern coastal area of the Changjiang mouth offshore over a submerged plateau that extends toward Cheju Island. Given a model horizontal resolution of less than 1.0 km, the CDW front becomes baroclinically unstable and forms a chain of anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies. The offshore detachment of anticyclonic eddies can carry the CDW offshore. This process is enhanced under northward winds as a result of the spatially nonuniform interaction of wind-induced Ekman flow and eddy-generated frontal density currents. Characteristics of the model-predicted eddy field are consistent with previous theoretical studies of baroclinic instability of buoyancy-driven coastal density currents and existing satellite imagery. The plume stability is controlled by the horizontal Ekman number. In the Changjiang, this number is much smaller than the criterion suggested by a theoretical analysis.

Description: The development of FVCOM is supported by the Massachusetts Fisheries Institute through NOAA grants DOC/ NOAA/NA04NMF4720332 and DOC/NOAA/NA05NMF4721131 and also the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank program through NSF grants OCE-0234545 and OCE-0227679, NOAA grant NA160P2323 and ONR subcontract grant from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. P. Ding is supported by the Chinese National Key Basic Research Project grant 2002CB412403. X. Mao is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant 40576079.

Keywords: Unstructured grid model ; Eddies ; River plume baroclinic instability

Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server

Type: Article

Format: application/pdf

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Draft genome of the peanut A-genome progenitor (Arachis duranensis) provides insights into geocarpy, oil biosynthesis, and allergens (2016)

Chen, Xiaoping ; Li, Hongjie ; Pandey, Manish K. ; [et al.]

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2016; 113(24): 6785-6790. Published 2016 May 31. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1600899113.

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Publication Date: 2016-05-31

Description: Peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a legume of South American origin, has high seed oil content (45–56%) and is a staple crop in semiarid tropical and subtropical regions, partially because of drought tolerance conferred by its geocarpic reproductive strategy. We present a draft genome of the peanut A-genome progenitor, Arachis duranensis, and 50,324 protein-coding gene models. Patterns of gene duplication suggest the peanut lineage has been affected by at least three polyploidizations since the origin of eudicots. Resequencing of synthetic Arachis tetraploids reveals extensive gene conversion in only three seed-to-seed generations since their formation by human hands, indicating that this process begins virtually immediately following polyploid formation. Expansion of some specific gene families suggests roles in the unusual subterranean fructification of Arachis. For example, the S1Fa-like transcription factor family has 126 Arachis members, in contrast to no more than five members in other examined plant species, and is more highly expressed in roots and etiolated seedlings than green leaves. The A. duranensis genome provides a major source of candidate genes for fructification, oil biosynthesis, and allergens, expanding knowledge of understudied areas of plant biology and human health impacts of plants, informing peanut genetic improvement and aiding deeper sequencing of Arachis diversity.

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General