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  • Electron microscopy  (1.196)
  • Triticum aestivum  (853)
  • 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
  • Bacteria
  • Springer  (2.218)
  • Lagos (Nigeria)  (6)
  • Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  (5)
  • American Chemical Society
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  • 1
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This open access book offers a comprehensive overview of the role and potential of microorganisms in the degradation and preservation of cultural materials (e.g. stone, metals, graphic documents, textiles, paintings, glass, etc.). Microorganisms are a major cause of deterioration in cultural artefacts, both in the case of outdoor monuments and archaeological finds. This book covers the microorganisms involved in biodeterioration and control methods used to reduce their impact on cultural artefacts. Additionally, the reader will learn more about how microorganisms can be used for the preservation and protection of cultural artefacts through bio-based and eco-friendly materials. New avenues for developing methods and materials for the conservation of cultural artefacts are discussed, together with concrete advances in terms of sustainability, effectiveness and toxicity, making the book essential reading for anyone interested in microbiology and the preservation of cultural heritage.
    Schlagwort(e): Microbiology ; Cultural Heritage ; Microbial Ecology ; Microbial Genetics and Genomics ; Enzymology ; Applied Microbiology ; Microbial Genetics ; Industrial Microbiology ; Open Access ; Restoration ; Conservation ; Biodeterioration ; Bioweathering ; Bioremediation ; Biocleaning ; Biotechnology ; Green Chemistry ; Fungi ; Bacteria ; Artwork ; Antimicrobial protection ; Biocides ; Microbiology (non-medical) ; Cultural studies ; Social & cultural history ; Ecological science, the Biosphere ; Genetics (non-medical) ; Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Sprache: Englisch
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    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 2
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    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24208 | 19325 | 2018-05-19 06:39:34 | 24208 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-15
    Beschreibung: The microbial load of four different fish species from five different market locations in Ibadan metropolis were determined using standard microbiological procedures. The bacteria count of fish sampled from Ojo market was the highest while the bacteria count of the fish sample from Bodija market was the lowest. There was no significant difference (p〈0.05) in the microbial load of the fish sampled from various market locations in Ibadan metropolis. Similarly, there was no significant difference (p〉0.05) in the microbial load on various fish species sold in Ibadan metropolis. The isolated bacteria from the study were: E. coli, Salmonella spp, Klebsiella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Aerosomonas spp, Pseudomonas spp, Vibrio spp, Serratia spp, Chromobacterium spp, Enterobacteria spp and Shigella spp. The fungi count of fish sampled from Omi markets was the highest while the fungi count of the fish sampled from Ojo market was the lowest. The following fungi were however isolated from the study: Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium spp, Fusarium oxysporum, Trrichoderma spp and Ceotrichium albidium. The study shows that reheating may be necessary to destroy or inactivate micro-organisms in smoked fish before consumption.
    Beschreibung: Includes: 2 tables and 2 figures.;Also includes: 17 refernces.
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Nigeria ; Ibadan ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Market ; Fish species ; freshwater environment ; Microbial contamination ; Microorganisms ; Bacteria ; Freshwater fish ; Cured products ; Sample contamination ; Fungi ; Public health ; Quality assurance ; Disinfection
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 223-227
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  • 3
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    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24166 | 19325 | 2018-05-13 18:40:22 | 24166 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-15
    Beschreibung: Probiotics are a promising feed additive to stimulate animal growth and secure a low disease response in aquaculture industry where there are high stocking densities in shrimp and fish production. Fermented locust beans (Parkia biglobosa) are known to be rich in protein and used as food condiment. Probiotic bacteria were isolated from this locally available food material. Culture and characterizations of isolates were carried out. Sugar fermentation patterns were determined by using an API 50 CHL system and incubation were performed anaerobically at 37~'C. MRS broth culture grown at 37~'C overnight was added to 9ml of MRS Agar and the bacteria were incubated at 37~'C for 24 and 48 hrs. Discrete and single colony of lactobacillus was isolated using colony morphology and biochemical tests. The most significant viable taxa isolated was Lactobacillus fermentum at a pH range of (3.0-8.0), while the least viable taxa isolated was Leuconostoc mesenteroides ssp. Microscopically they were Grampositive, rod shaped, non- motile, catalase negative and absence of Endospore.
    Beschreibung: Includes: 2 tables and 2 plates.;Also includes: 15 references.
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Nigeria ; Lagos ; Locust bean ; Probiotics ; Lactobacillus ; Probiotics ; freshwater environment ; Feed ; Additives ; Aquaculture ; Microorganisms ; Bacteria ; Disease resistance ; Fermented products ; Fish culture ; Shrimp culture
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 60-63
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  • 4
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    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24224 | 19325 | 2018-05-19 07:11:26 | 24224 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-15
    Beschreibung: Jabi Lake is a natural water body in Abuja Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It was expanded for commercial fishing following relocation of Nigeria's headquarters to Abuja in 1993. Quantitative analysis of microbiological status of water and fish from the Lake was carried out. Samples were collected from the dam site, open water, middle lake and inlet. Result reveal that total coliform count which are indicators of pollution are high (2.0 x 103 cfu/ml, 1.1 x 103 cfu/ml, 1.0 x 103 cfu/ml and 1.1 x 103 cfu/ml for dam site, open water, middle lake, and inlet respectively). Total viable count too is high (9.2 x 103 cfu/ml, 4.9 x 103 cfu/ml, 4.6 x 103 cfu/ml and 4.9 x 103 cfu/ml for dam site, open water, middle lake and inlet respectively). There are no coliform bacteria in the muscle of the fish. High bacterial load is an indication of biological pollution and these calls for restraint on the side of those who are using the lake as site for refuse dump.
    Beschreibung: Includes: 10 references.
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Pollution ; Nigeria ; Jabi Lake ; Jabi lake ; Water ; Fish ; Bacteria ; freshwater environment ; Microbiology ; Fish ; Pollution ; Water pollution ; Lake fisheries ; Fishery surveys ; Bacteria ; Baseline studies ; Water sampling ; Microbial contamination ; Muscles ; Freshwater fish ; Pollution surveys ; Water analysis ; Freshwater pollution
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 284-286
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  • 5
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    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24185 | 19325 | 2018-05-16 14:41:02 | 24185 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-15
    Beschreibung: Bacteria has been implicated in food poisoning, and smoked fish is not an exception.Generally, fish is highly susceptible to spoilage; therefore this study evaluated the bacteria load in smoked fish from three major locations in Shiroro area of Niger State namely; Gwada, Kuta and Zumba.The smoked fish samples collected from these locations were smeared at both the gills and head regions of the fishes. The bacteria samples identified were Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Samonella typhi, which were common to all the three locations sampled, while only Streptococcus feacaliswas only was found to be present in both Kuta and Zumba location.The frequency of occurrence of these 68 bacteria samples isolated ranges from 8 - 20%, with Bacillius subtilis having the highest occurrence and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have the least occurrence. Out of the total 68 samples, 14 skin samples (20.6%) and 5 gills samples (7.4%) exceeded the acceptable limits of total mesophilic aerobic counts which were 10〈sup〉6〈/sup〉 - 10〈sup〉7〈/sup〉 cfu/g. In the case of total coliform counts, 12 skin samples (17.6%) and 7 gills samples (10.3%) exceeded the acceptable limit which is 4.0 x 102, while in the case of Staphylococcus aureus, 4 skin samples (5.9%) and 2 gills samples (2.9%) exceeded the acceptable limit which is 103 cfu/g. Similarly 3 skin samples (4.4%) and 1 gill sample (1.5%) exceeded the acceptable limit of Salmonella typhi which is 104 cfu/g.
    Beschreibung: Includes: 4 tables.;Also includes: 21 references.
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Health ; Escherichia coli ; Bacillus subtilis ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermis ; Pseeudomonas aeruginosa ; Nigeria ; Shiroro L. ; Bacteria ; Smoked (Clarias spp) fish ; Location and recommended values ; brackishwater environment ; freshwater environment ; marine environment ; Bacteria ; Food poisoning ; Cured products ; Fish ; Fish spoilage ; Acceptability ; Lake fisheries ; Gills ; Brain ; Evaluation
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 140-144
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  • 6
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    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24222 | 19325 | 2018-05-19 07:06:04 | 24222 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-15
    Beschreibung: A total of 2,800 tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were stocked in seven duplicates 5 by 4 m2 earthen ponds in NIFFR Integrated Farm, New-Bussa, Niger-State. Raw and sterilized poultry manure of 0.13 to 0.52 kg/m3 concentrations were used to fertilize the ponds with the unfertilized ponds serving as control. The following bacteria were isolated from the cow dung manure; Escherichia coli, E. co1iOl57:H7, Aeromonas hydrophila,Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae and Staphylococcus aureus. The fish samples from the 0.13 and 0.26 kg/m3 sterilized manure fertilized ponds had zero count in the muscles while samples from other ponds had pathogens in their fish muscles. The study revealed that fish samples from sterilized manures were better in terms of microbial safety for fish productions hence sterilized manure are recommended for use in fish production to ensure the microbial safety of the fish, handlers and that of the consumers.
    Beschreibung: includes: 13 references.
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Escherichia coli ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; Samonela typhi ; Shigella dysenteriae ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Nigeria ; Niger State ; Catfish ; Pathogens ; Microbial quality ; Raw and sterilized manue ; freshwater environment ; Bacteria ; Freshwater fish ; Fish culture ; Fish ponds ; Manure ; Microorganisms ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Aquaculture products ; Food fish ; Quality assurance ; Muscles ; Microbial contamination
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 278-280
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  • 7
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    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24596 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 16:13:09 | 24596 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-15
    Beschreibung: Sixty apparently healthy Heterobranchus bidorsalis and Clarias anguillaris from NIFFR were cultured and 30 each from Monai and wara villages as wild environments were obtained for the studies. The total bacterial load varied from 2.2 x l05 to 1.08 x l08 and 2.27 x 105 to 6.3 x l08 CFU/g of the skin of C. anguillaris and H.bidorsalis in the culture respectively, while the load varied from 1.77 x 105 to 1.17 x l08 and 2.27 x 105 to 9.0 x l07 CFU/g in the wild respectively. Eleven bacterial general species were identified which include: Bacillus species B.firmus, Pseudomonas species, P. aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, K. ozaenae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, S.faecalis, and Aeromonas species. The aims of this investigation is to compare the type and the load of bacteria isolates on the skin of catfish in both culture and wild environment.
    Beschreibung: Includes: 7 references.
    Schlagwort(e): Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Clarias anguillaris ; Heterobranchus bidorsalis ; Nigeria ; Kainji L. ; Comparative study ; Bacteria ; Skin ; Clarias ; Heterobranchus ; Kainji Lake ; freshwater environment ; automation
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 119-122
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-27
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gosselin, K. M., Nelson, R. K., Spivak, A. C., Sylva, S. P., Van Mooy, B. A. S., Aeppli, C., Sharpless, C. M., O’Neil, G. W., Arrington, E. C., Reddy, C. M., & Valentine, D. L. Production of two highly abundant 2-methyl-branched fatty acids by blooms of the globally significant marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum. ACS Omega, 6(35), (2021): 22803–22810, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c03196.
    Beschreibung: The bloom-forming cyanobacteria Trichodesmium contribute up to 30% to the total fixed nitrogen in the global oceans and thereby drive substantial productivity. On an expedition in the Gulf of Mexico, we observed and sampled surface slicks, some of which included dense blooms of Trichodesmium erythraeum. These bloom samples contained abundant and atypical free fatty acids, identified here as 2-methyldecanoic acid and 2-methyldodecanoic acid. The high abundance and unusual branching pattern of these compounds suggest that they may play a specific role in this globally important organism.
    Beschreibung: This work was funded with grants from the National Science Foundation grants OCE-1333148, OCE-1333162, and OCE-1756254 and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (IR&D). GCxGC analysis made possible by WHOI’s Investment in Science Fund.
    Schlagwort(e): Lipids ; Alkyls ; Bacteria ; Genetics ; Chromatography
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Balanced information and education are fundamental prerequisites for risk prevention and preparedness. Among others, children embody our best chance to implant appropriate behaviors that will be recalled during hazardous situations and to involve adults according to a knowledge chain reaction. In this work, scientists challenge their communication skills to built a set of hands-on and learn-by-play based laboratory activities, for primary and secondary schools, addressing three major issues: (1) the location of earthquakes and volcanoes on Earth; (2) earthquakes and eruptions mechanisms; (3) earthquakes unpredictability. Students are asked to place volcanoes and earthquakes epicenters (issue 1) on a wooden plate puzzle according to Plate dynamics. To addresses eruption mechanisms (issue 2) and related hazard, we use backing soda forced blowing out from a volcano vent and suggest that a pyroclastic flow is fast, it can spread over a large area and raise high up to the stratosphere. Earthquake mechanisms (issue 2) are discussed describing the energy buildup, release, and transfer, using a wooden sticks bendand- break analogy. The display of acoustic waves caused by the breakage in different situations allows understanding of both the rupture energy and the wave attenuation. Earthquakes occurrence (issue 3) is addressed using steadily pulled blocks sliding on a frictional surface, where pins simulate asperities. These activities were tested, involving thousands of students. Discussions with students and teachers and the analysis of the answers to specific questionnaires gave us confidence that we proposed proper tools to raise risk awareness
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 89-93
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Seismic and volcanic hazards, Outreach, Education ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: In 2011 a research project on volcanic risk assessment at La Réunion Island (Project Aléa, Institute de Physique du Globe de Paris, France) was conducted in order to determine more efficient strategies to manage future volcanic crises. The project included the evaluation of volcanic scenarios through field and historical data analysis, as well as a survey on volcanic risk perception in resident population. A clear scientific information and an effective communication with public play a crucial role in risk mitigation strategies. In particular, the evaluation of the public perception during both volcanic crises and dormant periods is an important element in developing actions focused on specific social and cultural contexts. A questionnaire was developed based on the ones used in similar researches conducted on Italian active volcanoes. Items were designed to measure variables connected with personal perception of hazard and risk, trust in mitigation actions and in information received about these aspects. In addition, specific items related to the peculiarities of La Réunion Island environment were included. A total of 2,000 questionnaires were distributed taking into account factors such as the proximity to the volcano and the involvement of communities in recent volcanic emergencies. Main results coming out from this survey, if on the one hand show an adequate residents’ perception of natural hazards, on the other hand highlight their poor knowledge of the island’ active volcano, a similar lacking knowledge of emergency plan for volcanic crises, but also a high confidence in scientists to provide accurate and reliable information on volcanic risk and hazards in contrast with Local Authorities. Remarkable findings of this study assess some key elements that should be considered by the institutions in charge for defining policies aimed to volcanic risk mitigation and management of future volcanic crises.
    Beschreibung: Unpublished
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): risk perception, volcanic hazards ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: This book is one out of 8 IAEG XII Congress volumes, and deals with education and the professional ethics, which scientists, regulators, and practitioners of engineering geology inevitably have to face through the purposes, methods, limitations, and findings of their works. This volume presents contributions on the professional responsibilities of engineering geologists; the interaction of engineering geologists with other professionals; recognition of the engineering geological profession and its particular contribution to society, culture, and economy; and implications for the education of engineering geologists at tertiary level and in further education schemes. Issues treated in this volume are: the position of engineering geology within the geo-engineering profession; professional ethics and communication; resource use and re-use; managing risk in a litigious world; engineering and geological responsibility; and engineering geology at tertiary level. The Engineering Geology for Society and Territory volumes of the IAEG XII Congress held in Torino from September 15-19, 2014, analyze the dynamic role of engineering geology in our changing world and build on the four main themes of the congress: Environment, processes, issues, and approaches.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Beschreibung: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Geoeducation ; Professional Ethics ; Engineering Geology ; Communication ; Society ; Risks management ; Georesources ; Geological responsibility ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
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    Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The defence against natural hazards involves many actors with different roles: geoscientists, decision makers, local authorities, mass media, citizens. A proper management of georisks requires that each role is well-defined and governed by shared operational protocols, especially during the emergency phase, so that overlapping and misunderstanding don’t jeopardize population safety and economic activities. To achieve good results in this direction, it is necessary to undertake a careful evaluation of the limits and expectations of each component of society and the respect of legitimate aspirations and prerogatives. An effective defence system against natural hazards should be planned rationally and based on scientific data, in order to avoid alarmism among citizens, misleading sensationalism by media, careless decisions by politicians, as well as approximation in managing different phases of the risk cycle. Taking into consideration geoethical aspects related to natural hazards can be helpful to make geoscientists aware of their responsibilities towards society and to clarify the role they can play in the interaction with other actors, aiming at more efficacious actions for georisk mitigation.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 59-62
    Beschreibung: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Beschreibung: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Beschreibung: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Natural hazards ; Risks ; Society ; Responsibility ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 13
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: The communication process between the geoscientists and native communities in risk areas can significantly affect disaster prevention and land use planning. In Peru, the problem of disaster prevention is a fundamental policy due to unfamiliarity and deficiency of the associate information on the population. It is possible that talk of disaster prevention it will be an unlikely ideal in a country where most towns have settled on unplanned projects by the constant change and the lack of interest from the authorities in such topics. However, it is anachronistic that the rural communities and towns continue to live without a plan to enable them to improve their quality of life. The correct use of geoscience information in the mass media can help in this work. The characteristics of the enterprise in Peru require more training by professionals in the geosciences and support communication specialists. In this paper, we analyze the problem of communication for disaster prevention in Peru, with the aim of contributing to the articulation of a disaster prevention strategy.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 81-83
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Beschreibung: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Communication process ; Disaster prevention ; Risk management ; Peru ; Geoethics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 14
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-10-26
    Beschreibung: One of the main objectives of the ITACA (ITalian ACcelerometric Archive) strong motion database, promoted by the Italian Department of Civil Protection, was to improve the characterization of the recording sites from a geological and geophysical point of view and to provide their seismic classification according to the seismic norms pertinent to Italy, namely the Eurocode 8 and the National Technical Norms for Constructions. A standard format to summarize the available information for the recording stations was first produced, in terms of a technical report dynamically linked to the database, i.e., some of the relevant information is automatically updated when the corresponding fields of the database are modified. Then, an important activity of collection, qualification and synthesis of available data was carried out, especially for stations that recorded the strongest earthquakes in Italy in the last 40 years, and for which a relevant number of studies have been published. In spite of this activity, among the more than 700 strong motion stations present in the ITACA database, only a limited number of them could be characterized by quantitative information on subsurface soil properties. For this reason, a dual seismic site classification criterion was implemented, either based on the standard Vs,30 scheme, or, in the absence of such information, based on an expert opinion supported by shallow geology maps, mostly at 1:100,000 scale, and when available on the H/V ratios calculated on recordings. Owing to the relevance in the Italian geographic and morphological context, a special care was also given to the topographic classification of stations, based on suitable criteria developed within a GIS environment.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1779-1796
    Beschreibung: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): ITACA database ; Strong motion station ; General characterization ; Site classification ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 15
    facet.materialart.
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    Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Previous research works proved the existence of a synchronization between speech and holds in adults and in 9 year old children with a rich linguistic vocabulary and advanced language skills. When and how does this synchrony develop during child language acquisition? Could it be observed also in children younger than 9? The present work aims to answer the above questions reporting on the analysis of narrations produced by three different age groups of Italian children (9, 5 and 3 year olds). Measurements are provided on the amount of synchronization between speech pauses and holds in the three different groups, as a function of the duration of the narrations. The results show that, as far as the reported data concerns, in children, as in adults, holds and speech pauses are to a certain extent synchronized and play similar functions, suggesting that they may be considered as a multi-determined phenomenon exploited by the speaker under the guidance of a unified planning process to satisfy a communicative intention. In addition, considering the role that speech pauses play in communication, we speculate on the possibility that holds may serve to similar purposes supporting the hypothesis that gestures as speech are an expressive resource that can take on different functions depending on the communicative demand. While speech pauses are likely to play the role of signalling mental activation processes aimed at replacing the “old spoken content” of the communicative plan with a new one, holds may signal mental activation processes aimed at replacing the “old visible bodily action” with new ones reflecting the representational and/or propositional contribution of gestures to the new communicative plan.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 252-272
    Beschreibung: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Speech pauses, holds, synchrony, child narrations ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 16
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    Unbekannt
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: This is the first volume of an international scientific journal that is dedicated to issues of geoethics and geological culture. Its goal is to inform the Italian and international scientific communities about what emerged at the GeoItalia 2011 conference, attended by not only Italian geoscientists. At this conference, the geoscientists questioned their role in society and the responsibilities that they have to assume as scholars of the planet Earth and experts of the territory. They highlighted the need for rediscovery of the cultural values of geology as a science that can contribute to the construction of correct social knowledge, and the need to be aware that geoethics cannot exist without a real awareness among geoscientists of the cultural value of the Earth sciences.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 331
    Beschreibung: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Geoetica ; Geological Culture ; Earth Sciences ; Philosophy ; Education ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 17
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    Unbekannt
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Prof. Giulio Giorello is amongst the most prominent philosophers of science in Italy and in the world. He is currently Professor of the Philosophy of Science at the University of Milan, Director of the Series ‘Science and Ideas’ (Raffaele Cortina Books Editor), and Literary Journalist of the cultural pages of the Corriere della Sera, one of the most important of the Italian newspapers. In this keynote presentation, in interview form, he talks about the value that the Earth sciences have had through history, framing this group of disciplines in ethical and epistemological terms, and highlighting some important elements that have to be considered in geological activities.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 343-346
    Beschreibung: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Giulio Giorello ; Earth Sciences ; Interview ; Philosophy ; Epistemology ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 18
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    Unbekannt
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The international debate in the field of geoethics focuses on some of the most important environmental emergencies, while highlighting the great responsibilities of geoscientists, whatever field they work in, and the important social, cultural and economic repercussions that their choices can have on society. The GeoItalia 2009 and 2011 conferences that were held in Rimini and Turin, respectively, and were organized by the Italian Federation of Earth Science, were two important moments for the promotion of geoethics in Italy. They were devoted to the highlighting of how, and with what tools and contents, can the geosciences contribute to the cultural renewal of society. They also covered the active roles of geoscientists in the dissemination of scientific information, contributing in this way to the correct construction of social knowledge. Geology is culture, and as such it can help to dispel misconceptions and cultural stereotypes that concern natural phenomena, disasters, resources, and land management. Geological culture consists of methods, goals, values, history, ways of thinking about nature, and specific sensitivity for approaching problems and their solutions. So geology has to fix referenced values, as indispensable prerequisites for geoethics. Together, geological culture and geoethics can strengthen the bond that joins people to their territory, and can help to find solutions and answers to some important challenges in the coming years regarding natural risks, resources, and climate change. Starting from these considerations, we stress the importance of establishing an ethical criterion for Earth scientists, to focus attention on the issue of the responsibility of geoscientists, and the need to more clearly define their scientific identity and the value of their specificities.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 335-341
    Beschreibung: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Education ; History of science ; Public issues ; General (Philosophy of Earth sciences) ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 19
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    Unbekannt
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Franco Ferrarotti, Professor emeritus at ‘La Sapienza’ University of Rome; since winning the first Chair in this discipline in Italy in 1961, he has been considered the Father of Italian Sociology. An independent Member of Italian Parliament in the third government (1958-1963), a member of the New York Academy of Sciences, and a ‘visiting Professor’ at many universities in Europe, North America, Russia, Japan and Latin America. Franco Ferrarotti has taught and still teaches in Europe and America, and he has received many awards throughout his career. In this interview, he talks about the social aspects and consequences of Earth sciences studies.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 347-348
    Beschreibung: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Social aspects ; Geologists activity ; Scientific information ; Society ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 20
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    Unbekannt
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We argue here that the introduction of an ethical code of conduct that follows the example of the Hippocratic Oath of physicians will help geologists to acquire binding awareness of their professional and social responsibilities. The ethical behavior and obligations of modern geologists involve, but are not limited to, the following issues: correct land/ environment use and management; respect of truth and science; and protection of the Earth systems, on both the local and global scales, and therefore, of our well-being. We believe that for geoligists, the explicit acceptance of an ethical code will help to promote: (i) an awareness of their social role, expertise and sense of belonging to a professional community; (ii) an understanding of the expectations of citizens and society; and (iii) cultural growth, with better use of research and implementation of scientific and professional skills. All this should enhance the public recognition of the social mission of geologists, which is essential for the well-being of society. Therefore, we suggest that like in the majority of medical schools, ethical training should be a part of the university curriculum for students in geology.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 365-369
    Beschreibung: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Geological Culture ; Geoetica ; Hippocratic Oath ; Geologists ; Social responsibility ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 21
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: © The Authors 2009. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License. The definitive version was published in Functional & Integrative Genomics 10 (2010): 97-110, doi:10.1007/s10142-009-0142-y.
    Beschreibung: Bacteria of the genus Shewanella can thrive in different environments and demonstrate significant variability in their metabolic and ecophysiological capabilities including cold and salt tolerance. Genomic characteristics underlying this variability across species are largely unknown. In this study, we address the problem by a comparison of the physiological, metabolic, and genomic characteristics of 19 sequenced Shewanella species. We have employed two novel approaches based on association of a phenotypic trait with the number of the trait-specific protein families (Pfam domains) and on the conservation of synteny (order in the genome) of the trait-related genes. Our first approach is top-down and involves experimental evaluation and quantification of the species’ cold tolerance followed by identification of the correlated Pfam domains and genes with a conserved synteny. The second, a bottom-up approach, predicts novel phenotypes of the species by calculating profiles of each Pfam domain among their genomes and following pair-wise correlation of the profiles and their network clustering. Using the first approach, we find a link between cold and salt tolerance of the species and the presence in the genome of a Na+/H+ antiporter gene cluster. Other cold-tolerance-related genes include peptidases, chemotaxis sensory transducer proteins, a cysteine exporter, and helicases. Using the bottom-up approach, we found several novel phenotypes in the newly sequenced Shewanella species, including degradation of aromatic compounds by an aerobic hybrid pathway in Shewanella woodyi, degradation of ethanolamine by Shewanella benthica, and propanediol degradation by Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 and Shewanella sp. W3-18-1.
    Beschreibung: This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research under the Genomics: GTL Program via the Shewanella Federation consortium.
    Schlagwort(e): Phenotypic trait ; Bacteria ; Molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance ; Shewanella ; Protein families
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
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  • 22
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Red Pompeian paintings, very famous for their deep intensity, are currently suffering from darkening. The origins of this darkening degradation are not clearly identified yet and remain a major issue for curators. In the specific case of cinnabar (HgS)-based red pigment, a photoinduced conversion into black metacinnabar is usually suspected. This work is focused on the blackening of red cinnabar paintings coated on a sparry calcite mortar. Different samples exhibiting different levels of degradation were selected upon visual observations and analyzed by synchrotron-based microanalytical techniques. Atomic and molecular compositions of the different debased regions revealed two possible degradation mechanisms. On one hand, micro X-ray fluorescence elemental maps show peculiar distributions of chlorine and sulfur. On the other hand, X-ray absorption spectroscopy performed at both Cl and S K-edges confirms the presence of characteristic degradation products: (i) Hg- Cl compounds (e.g., corderoite, calomel, and terlinguaite), which may result from the reaction with exogenous NaCl, in gray areas; (ii) gypsum, produced by the calcite sulfation, in black coatings. Metacinnabar is never detected. Finally, a cross section was analyzed to map the in-depth alteration gradient. Reduced and oxidized sulfur distributions reveal that the sulfated black coating consists of a 5-ím-thick layer covering intact cinnabar.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 7484-7492
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Microspectroscopy Analysis ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Extreme thermophile ; Thermosipho ; Thermotogales ; Deep-sea hydrothermal vent ; Bacteria
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A novel barophilic, extremely thermophilic bacterium was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney at the Iheya Basin, in the Okinawa area, Japan. The cells were found to be rod shaped and surrounded by a sheath-like outer structure; the organism did not possess flagella and was not motile. Growth was observed between 45° and 80°C (optimum, 72°C, 45 min doubling time), pH 5.3 and 9.3 (optimum, pH 7.2–7.6), 6.6 and 79 g/l sea salts (optimum, 40 g/l), and 0.1 and 60 MPa (optimum, 20 MPa). Strain IHB1 was found to be a strictly anaerobic chemoorganotroph capable of utilizing yeast extract and proteinaceous substrates such as peptone and tryptone. Elemental sulfur or thiosulfate acted as electron acceptors improving growth. The isolate was able to utilize casein as a sole carbon and energy source in the presence of thiosulfate. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 31.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences and DNA–DNA hybridization analysis indicated that the isolate is closely related to Thermosipho africanus; however, it represents a species distinct from the previously described members of the genus Thermosipho. On the basis of the physiological and molecular properties, we propose that the new isolate represents a new species, which we name Thermosipho japonicus sp. nov. (type strain: IHB1; JCM10495).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Aggregate stability ; Bacteria ; Burnt soil ; Compost ; Fungi
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract  The restoration of soil microbial activities is a basic step in the reclamation of burnt soils. For this reason, the ability of municipal solid waste compost to accelerate the re-establishment of bacterial and fungal populations, as well as to re-establish physical properties in a burnt soil, was evaluated in a field experiment. Four treatments were performed by adding different doses of compost (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 kg compost m–2 soil) to a burnt Calcic Rodoxeralf soil, and the changes in microbial populations, salt content, aggregate stability and bulk density were evaluated for 1 year. Initially, the addition of compost had a negative effect on soil microbial populations, but 3 months after compost addition, the number of viable fungal propagules increased in all the amended soils. This positive effect lasted until the end of the experiment. From 30 days onwards, all the amended soils showed a greater total number of bacterial cell forming units than the unamended burnt soil. Organic amendment increased the percentage of 2- to 4-mm aggregates, although the effect on the stability of the 0.2- to 2-mm aggregates and on bulk density was less noticeable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 56 (2000), S. 59-68 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): bicarbonate-extractable potassium ; muriate of potash ; potassium ; potassium chloride ; relative effectiveness ; silicate rock powder ; Triticum aestivum ; Trifolium subterraneum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Granite (silicate) rock dust, a by-product of quarry operations, is being advocated and used as a fertilizer in the wheatbelt of south-western Australia (WA). The dust is insoluble and based on its nutrient element content (1.9% K and 0.3%P and negligible N) it is not expected to be a useful fertilizer. Previous laboratory studies and glasshouse experiments in WA suggest the dust is a slow release K fertilizer. This paper extends the previous studies to consider the dust as an NP or K fertilizer in the year of application in a field experiment on a soil deficient in N, P and K. In addition, the effectiveness of the dust as a K fertilizer was compared with the effectiveness of KCl (muriate of potash), the K fertilizer used in WA at present, in glasshouse experiments using K deficient soils. In the field experiment, compared with NP fertilizer or NPK fertilizer (urea, supplying N; superphosphate, providing P, S, Ca, Cu, Zn and Mo; KCl providing K), the dust had no effect on grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum); in fact dust applied at 20 t ha-1, for unknown reasons, reduced yields by about 65% compared to the nil (no fertilizer, no dust) treatment. Relative to the nil treatment, applying NPK fertilizer increased yields about threefold, from 0.54 to 1.79 t ha. The glasshouse experiments showed that, relative to KCl, the dust was from about 0.02 to 14% as effective in K deficient grey sandy soils for producing dried tops of 30-day old wheat plants or 42-day old clover (Trifolium subterraneum) plants. In soils with adequate K (yellow sands, sandy loams or clays, loamy clays, clay loams and clays), neither KCl nor the dust affected yields of 30 to 42-day old wheat or clover plants grown in the glasshouse. In the glasshouse experiments, no yield depressions were measured for the dust applied up to 17 g dust per kg soil (equivalent to 17 t dust ha-1 mixed into the top 10 cm of soil in the field). It is concluded that the dust has no value as a fertilizer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 56 (2000), S. 117-123 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): labelled nitrogen ; Lolium perenne ; nitrogen cycling ; root biomass ; straw ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Large amounts of nitrogen (N) fertiliser (150–200 kg N/ha) are currently being applied to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) seed crops in New Zealand. Due to increasing requirements for efficient use of N fertilisers and minimising nitrate contamination of the environment, a field experiment was established using 15N-labelled fertiliser to follow the fate of applied N. Urea-15N was applied to a perennial ryegrass seed crop in April (30 kg N/ha), August (30 kg N/ha), September (60 kg N/ha) and October (60 kg N/ha). The urea-15N was applied in solution and watered in to minimise volatilisation loss. At the time of harvest (December), 9% of the applied 15N was in the seed, 29% in the straw, 19% in the roots and 39% in the soil organic matter. Losses of 15N were minimal as the N was applied in several applications, each one at a relatively low rate, and at times when leaching was unlikely to occur. Ryegrass plants used a greater proportion of the N applied in September and October (61–65%) compared with that applied in April (44%). Consequently more N was recovered from the soil in the autumn application (57%) than from the September and October applications (28–44%). The availability of the residual fertiliser N to a subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop was studied in a glasshouse experiment. The residual fertiliser N was present in the soil and ryegrass roots and stubble. The wheat plants only recovered 7–9% of this residual N. Most of the N taken up by the wheat came from the soil organic N pool. Overall, applying a total of 180 kg N/ha to the ryegrass appeared to have minimal direct impact on the environment. In the short term N not used by the ryegrass plants contributed to the soil organic N pool.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Cristobalite ; Tridymite ; Phase transformation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Using minimum exposure techniques, it is feasible to perform high resolution electron microscopy on the α-cristobalite phase of (Si0.9 Ge0.1)O2, which is extremely radiation sensitive. Such images reveal atomic scale information of twins and tridymite-like stacking faults on (1 1 1)β planes, as well as of domain boundaries resulting from the β→α transition. Polytype structures are formed in certain cases. Morphological features suggest that the phase transformation cristobalite → tridymite proceeds by means of a zonal dislocation mediated synchro-shear process on (1 1 1)β planes; the geometry of this process is analyzed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Schlagwort(e): Key words X-ray crystallography ; Electron microscopy ; Biological databases
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Advances in structural biology are opening greater opportunities for understanding biological structures from the cellular to the atomic level. Particularly promising are the links that can be established between the information provided by electron microscopy and the atomic structures derived from X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Combining such different kinds of structural data can result in novel biological information on the interaction of biomolecules in large supramolecular assemblies. As a consequence, the need to develop new databases in the field of structural biology that allow for an integrated access to data from all the experimental techniques is becoming critical. Pilot studies performed in recent years have already established a solid background as far as the basic information that an integrated macromolecular structure database should contain, as well as the basic principles for integration. These efforts started in the context of the BioImage project, and resulted in a first complete database prototype that provided a versatile platform for the linking of atomic models or X-ray diffraction data with electron microscopy information. Analysis of the requirements needed to combine data at different levels of resolution have resulted in sets of specifications that make possible the integration of all these different types in the context of a web environment. The case of a structural study linking electron microscopy and X-ray data, which is already contained within the BioImage data base and in the Protein Data Bank, is used here to illustrate the current approach, while a general discussion highlights the urgent need for integrated databases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Sciences of soils 5 (2000), S. 10-21 
    ISSN: 1432-9492
    Schlagwort(e): Soil temperature ; Triticum aestivum ; Stubble retention ; Nitrogen ; Early growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Early growth and development are often lower when wheat is sown into standing stubble. A study was conducted to determine whether this difference in early growth could be explained by the effects of stubble on soil temperature in the vicinity of the young plant. The roles of nitrogen nutrition and soil strength were also assessed. Three crops were monitored (1990–1992), with the wheat being sown into either standing wheat stubble after a no-till fallow (NT), or into no-tilled plots from which the stubble had been removed by burning (NB). Measurements were made of wheat growth and development, soil and plant N, soil temperature and penetration resistance. The site was on a black earth near Warialda in the northern wheatbelt of New South Wales, Australia. In 1992 wheat was also grown under simulated stubble to isolate the shading and soil temperature effects of stubble from other factors. A significant (P〈0.05) relationship was found between average soil temperature and above ground dry matter (DM) at 65 days after sowing (DAS) but not at 107 DAS. This relationship accounted for differences in DM production at 65 DAS between NT and NB treatments in 1991 and 1992, but not in 1990. In that year the lower DM production in NT plots was associated with poorer N nutrition, and possibly disease. Laboratory incubations indicate that immobilisation of N as stubble decomposed could have contributed to this. Burning stubble produced no immediate increase in soil N availability, so that it is unlikely that N contained in stubble contributed to the difference. Soil strength differences between treatments and phytotoxic effects are unlikely to have contributed to growth differences in this soil.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 789-793 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Glutenin ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat storage proteins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunits consist mainly of two domains, one at the N- terminus which contains repeats of short amino-acid motifs, and a non-repetitive one rich in cysteine, at the C- terminal region. In previous reports, polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis has been used to show that large size variation exists among LMW and HMW glutenin subunits, and it has been suggested that deletions and insertions within the repetitive region are responsible for these variations in length. In this study, PCR-amplification of genomic DNA (Triticum aestivum variety Chinese Spring) was used to isolate three full-length LMW glutenin genes: LMWG-MB1, LMWG-MB2 and LMWG-MB3. The deduced amino-acid sequences show a high similarity between these ORFs, and with those of other LMW glutenin genes. Comparisons indicate that LMWG-MB1 has probably lost a 12-bp fragment through deletion and that LMWG-MB1 and LMWG-MB2 have an insertion of 81 bp within the repetitive domain. The current study has shown direct evidence that insertions and/or deletions provide a mechanistic explanation for the allelic variation, and the resultant evolution, of prolamin genes. Single-base substitutions at identical sites generate stop codons in both LMWG-MB2 and LMWG-MB3 indicating that these clones are pseudogenes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 1085-1094 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Wheat ; High-molecular-weight glutenin ; AS-PCR ; Glu-A1 locus ; Null allele ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The present work reports new PCR markers that amplify the complete coding sequence of the specific alleles of the high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin genes. A set of AS-PCR molecular markers was designed which use primers from nucleotide sequences of the Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 genes, making use of the minor diffeences between the sequences of the x1, x2* of Glu-A1, and the x5 and y10 of Glu-D1. These primers were able to distinguish between x2* and the x1 or xNull of Glu-A1. Also x5 was distinguishable from x2, and y10 from y12. The primers amplified the complete coding regions and corresponded to the upstream and downstream flanking positions of Glu-A1 and Glu-D1. Primers designed to amplify the Glu-A1 gene amplified a single product when used with genomic DNA of common wheats and the xNull allele of this gene. This work also describes the cloning and characterisation of the nucleotide sequence of this allele. It possesses the same general structure as x2* and x1 (previously determined) and differs from these alleles in the extension of the coding sequence for a presumptive mature protein with only 384 residues. This is due to the presence of a stop codon (TAA) 1215-bp downstream from the start codon. A further stop codon (TAG), 2280-bp downstream from the starting codon is also found. The open reading frame of xNull and x1 alleles has the same size in bp. Both are larger than x2* which shows two small deletions. The reduced size of the presumptive mature protein encoded by xNull could explain the negative effect of this allele on grain quality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords AFLPs ; Bulked segregant analysis ; Marker-assisted selection ; Microsatellites ; Powdery mildew resistance ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Molecular markers were identified in common wheat for the Pm24 locus conferring resistance to different isolates of the powdery mildew pathogen, Erysiphe graminis DM f. sp. tritici (Em. Marchal). Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and microsatellite markers linked to the gene Pm24 in an F2 progeny from the cross Chinese Spring (susceptible)× Chiyacao (resistant). Two AFLP markers XACA/CTA-407 and XACA/CCG-420, and three microsatellite markers Xgwm106, Xgwm337 and Xgwm458, were mapped in coupling phase to the Pm24 locus. The AFLP marker locus XACA/CTA-407 co-segregated with the Pm24 gene, and XACA/CCG-420 mapped 4.5 cM from this gene. Another AFLP marker locus XAAT/CCA-346 co- segregated in repulsion phase with the Pm24 locus. Pm24 was mapped close to the centromere on the short arm of chromosome 1D, contrary to the previously reported location on chromosome 6D. Pm24 segregated independently of gene Pm22, also located on chromosome 1D. An allele of microsatellite locus Xgwm337 located 2.4±1.2 cM from Pm24 was shown to be diagnostic and therefore potentially useful for pyramiding two or more genes for powdery mildew resistance in a single genotype.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 32-38 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Waxy (Wx) protein ; Triticum aestivum ; Amylose content ; Starch ; Rapid Visco-Analyzer ; Swelling power ; Noodle quality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Waxy (Wx) protein is a granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) responsible for amylose production in cereal endosperm. Eight isolines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) having different combinations of presence and absence of three Wx proteins, Wx-A1, -B1, and -D1, were produced in order to elucidate the effect of Wx protein deficiencies on the apparent amylose content and starch-pasting properties. An improved SDS gel electrophoresis showed that ’Bai Huo’ (a parental wheat) carried a variant Wx-B1 protein from an allele, Wx-B1e. Thus, wheat lines of types 1, 2, 4, and 6 examined in this study contained a variant Wx-B1 allele and not the standard allele, Wx-B1a. The results from 3 years of experiments using 176 lines derived from two cross-combinations showed that apparent amylose content increased the least in type 8 (waxy) having no Wx proteins and, in ascending order, increased in type 5 (only the Wx-A1 protein is present) 〈type 7 (Wx-D1) 〈type 6 (Wx-B1) 〈type 3 (Wx-A1 and -D1) 〈type 4 (Wx-A1 and -B1) 〈type 2 (Wx-B1 and -D1) 〈type 1 (three Wx proteins). However, Tukey’ s studentized range test did not detect significant differences in some cases. Densitometric analysis suggested that the amylose content was related to the amount of the Wx protein in the eight types. Parameters in the Rapid Visco-Analyzer test and swelling power were correlated to amylose content. Consequently, amylose content and pasting properties of starch were determined to be influenced the most by the lack of the Wx-B1 protein, followed by a lack of Wx-D1, and leastly by the Wx-A1 deficiency, which indicated the presence of differential effects of the three null alleles for the Wx protein.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 34
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords Composite populations ; Triticum aestivum ; Blumeria (Erysiphe) graminis f. sp. tritici ; Residual resistance effects ; Quantitative resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The evolution of adult plant resistance towards powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) was investigated in 11 wheat populations cultivated for 10 years in a French network for dynamic management (DM) of wheat genetic resources. The aims of the study were to compare the evolution of resistance in sites submitted to different powdery mildew pressure and to investigate the implication of specific resistance gene action in adult plant resistance. For this, 7 of the 11 populations were characterized for their composition of specific resistance genes (results presented in a former paper). Even though no population differed significantly from the initial PA0 pool for mean adult plant resistance, divergence appeared among the final populations. The populations with the highest adult plant resistance level originated from sites where powdery mildew pressure is known to be high (Vervins, Le Rheu), whereas populations with the lowest adult plant resistance corresponded to areas with no, or very low, powdery mildew pressure (Toulouse, Montreuil-Bellay). A residual effect of defeated specific resistance genes was hypothesized, as lines accumulating at least two specific resistance genes appeared more resistant. Additional quantitative resistance seemed to be involved in adult plant resistance. DM lines appeared then as an interesting source of variability for resistance towards powdery mildew. Moreover, as these lines had been grown in mixed populations they may be appropriate as components of a composite cultivar.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 519-527 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Physical mapping ; Deletion lines ; RFLP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Extended physical maps of chromosomes 6A, 6B and 6D of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell., 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) were constructed with 107 DNA clones and 45 homoeologous group-6 deletion lines. Two-hundred and ten RFLP loci were mapped, including three orthologous loci with each of 34 clones, two orthologous loci with each of 31 clones, one locus with 40 clones, two paralogous loci with one clone, and four loci, including three orthologs and one paralog, with one clone. Fifty five, 74 and 81 loci were mapped in 6A, 6B and 6D, respectively. The linear orders of the mapped orthologous loci in 6A, 6B and 6D appear to be identical and 65 loci were placed on a group-6 consensus physical map. Comparison of the consensus physical map with eight linkage maps of homoeologous group-6 chromosomes from six Triticeaespecies disclosed that the linear orders of the loci on the maps are largely, if not entirely, conserved. The relative distributions of loci on the physical and linkage maps differ markedly, however. On most of the linkage maps, the loci are either distributed relatively evenly or clustered around the centromere. In contrast, approximately 90% of the loci on the three physical maps are located either in the distal one-half or the distal two-thirds of the six chromosome arms and most of the loci are clustered in two or three segments in each chromosome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 27 (2000), S. 480-494 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Olivine ; Grain boundary ; Partial melt ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The microstructure of olivine-olivine grain boundaries has been studied in experimentally deformed (1200–1227 °C, 300 MPa) partially molten olivine and olivine-orthopyroxene rocks. In-situ melting produced ∼1 vol% melt in all samples studied. Grain boundary analyses were carried out using a number of transmission electron microscopy techniques. The grain boundary chemistry in undeformed olivine-orthopyroxene starting material showed evidence for the presence of an intergranular phase along some, but not all, of the olivine-olivine boundaries. In the deformed samples, ultrathin Si-rich, Al- and Ca-bearing amorphous films have been observed along all investigated olivine-olivine grain boundaries. The chemistry of the grain boundaries, which is considered to be indicative for the presence of a thin film, was measured with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and energy-filtering imaging. The amorphous nature of the films was confirmed with diffuse dark field imaging, Fresnel fringe imaging, and high-resolution electron microscopy. The films range in thickness from 0.6 to 3.0 nm, and EDX analyses show that the presence of Al and Ca is restricted to this ultrathin film along the grain boundaries. Because thin melt films have been observed in all the samples, they are thought to be stable features of the melt microstructure in deformed partially molten rocks. The transition from the occasional presence of films in the undeformed starting material to the general occurrence of the films in deformed materials suggests that deformation promotes the formation and distribution of the films. Alternatively, hot-pressing may be too short for films to develop along all grain boundaries. A difference in creep strength between the studied samples could not be attributed to grain boundary melt films, as these have been found in all deformed samples. However, a weakening effect of grain boundary melt films on olivine rheology could not be ruled out due to the lack of confirmed melt-film free experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Composite populations ; Triticum aestivum ; Blumeria (Erysiphe) graminis f. sp. tritici ; Selection ; Drift
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Dynamic management has been proposed as a complementary strategy to gene banks for the conservation of genetic resources. The evolution of frequencies of genes for specific resistance towards powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) in populations of a French network for dynamic management of bread wheat genetic resources was investigated after 10 years of multiplication without human selection. The objective was to determine whether specific resistance gene diversity was maintained in the populations and whether any changes could be attributed to selection due to pathogen pressure. Seven populations, originating from four of the network sites, were characterized and compared to the initial population for six specific resistance gene frequencies detected by nine Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates. Diversity decreased at the population level, but because of a strong differentiation between the populations, this diversity was maintained at the network level. The comparison of Fst parameters estimated on neutral markers (RFLP) and on resistance gene data revealed that in two of the populations specific resistance genes had been selected by pathogen pressure, whereas evolution in two other populations seemed to be the result of genetic drift. For the three last populations, conclusions were less clear, as one had probably experienced a strong bottleneck and the other two presented intermediate Fst values. A dynamic management network with sites contrasted for pathogen pressure, allowing genetic drift in some populations and selection in others, appeared, at least on the short term, to be a good tool for maintaining the diversity of genes for specific resistance to powdery mildew.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Russian journal of plant physiology 47 (2000), S. 734-739 
    ISSN: 1608-3407
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; bioelectric potentials ; frost resistance ; critical points
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings of three cultivars differing in frost resistance were used to study cooling-induced changes in the bioelectric potential. Measurements were performed with nonfreezing graphite–glycerol electrodes in the regime of monitoring. Upon a gradual change in air temperature from 20 to –15°C at the rates of 20 and 2°C/h, the bioelectric potential underwent abrupt transitions at certain moments, indicating changes in the physiological condition of plants. The time required for the achievement of these critical states, as well as the survival of plants after thawing, depended both on the temperature and the cooling rate. Apparently, these characteristics were related to the dynamics of phase transitions of water. Cultivar-specific features were manifested in the different abilities of plants to maintain free water in a supercooled state. It is supposed that the critical points are related to the cold resistance of colloid systems and to the temperature lethal for plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1619-0904
    Schlagwort(e): Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butyl methacrylate) (MPC) ; In vivo biocompatibility ; Artificial endocrine pancreas ; Electron microscopy ; Glucose sensor
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Technik allgemein
    Notizen: Abstract Biocompatibility is important to assure a mild body reaction to an implanted device and its long-term stability and functionality. In diabetes research, subcutaneously implanted glucose monitoring systems need biocompatible surfaces for long-term application. The biocompatibility of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butyl methacrylate) (MPC), a material similar to the phospholipid layer of a cell membrane, was compared in vivo with the biocompatibility of polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and cuprophane (CUP). Needle-type glucose sensors and hollow-fiber probes used for microdialysis were coated with these four different biomaterials and implanted subcutaneously in 18 rats and 7 healthy volunteers. At set intervals, the implants and, in the case of the rats, also the surrounding tissue were removed and characterized by light and electron microscopy. MPC-coated sensors and hollow-fiber probes showed smooth and thin deposits in flat layers, whereas the surface deposits on PU- and PVA-coated sensors and those on CUP hollow-fiber probes appeared as rough, irregular, and dense attachments of aggregated cells and protein. This study confirmed results from earlier in vitro tests by showing the biocompatibility and reliability of MPC. Even though the amount of protein and cells attached to the MPC surface was not as low as expected from in vitro experiments, the biocompatibility and long-term stability of the implanted devices were superior to those of PU, PVA, and CUP.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Electron microscopy ; Photoreceptor ; Visual membrane ; Photic radiation damage ; Retina ; Crustacea
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Visual membranes of the crayfish eye either belong to the small, distally placed rhabdomere of retinula cell R8 or are part of the much more voluminous proximal rhabdom, made up of rhabdomeres belonging to cells R1–R7. Under various conditions of environmental stress (e.g., prolonged darkness, elevated temperature, bright light with and without a concomitant rise in temperature, flickering lights) the visual membranes of R8 prove far more resistant to structural damage than those of R1–R7. Membrane damage is known to occur when dormant lipoxygenases become activated, for example through heat. Since R8 is the only type of visual cell in the crayfish retina that does not contain grains of screening pigment, the view that screening-pigment granules could “aggravate” or even “trigger” membrane damage in times of stress is strengthened. Functionally, R8's strong resistance to physical damage when exposed to flickering lights points to a role of the distal rhabdom in the movement detection system of the crayfish eye.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 226 (2000), S. 11-19 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): Chlorpropham (CIPC) ; microtubules ; nuclei ; recovery ; roots ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The present ultrastructural investigation on the effects of 50 μM chlorpropham (previously called CIPC) on growing roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.) Thell cv. Vergina) was undertaken to clarify the mechanism of a carbamate herbicide action in plant cells, since the wide range of responses of plant cells to carbamate herbicides is based mainly on immunofluorescence studies. Cells of control roots contained abundant microtubules both in interphase and mitotic arrays. In chlorpropham-treated roots, however, no microtubules could be detected at all, neither in dividing nor in differentiating cells. Cycling cells became binucleate, polyploid or contained incomplete cell walls, the result of inhibition of cytokinesis. In long-term drug treatments (24 h or more) the affected cells entered a new cycle, which, however, did not progress beyond mid-metaphase. The nuclei of binucleate cells initiated prophase synchronously. Small vacuoles and Golgi vesicles were trapped within the nucleoplasm of the multilobed nuclei. In roots recovering from 8 h chlorpropham treatment, cells continued to exhibit polyploid nuclei, intranuclear vacuoles and incomplete walls. Microtubules reappeared but they were sparse and lacked a definite orientation. Preprophase cells did not form normal preprophase bands of microtubules, while mitotic cells occasionally contained microtubules bound to chromosomes and converged to minipoles. It is concluded that chlorpropham disorganized directly microtubules in addition to irreversibly affecting microtubule organizing centres, which failed to further support microtubule arrays.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 226 (2000), S. 275-285 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): arbuscular mycorrhiza ; Daucus carota ; Glomus mosseae ; Glomus intraradices ; monoxenic culture ; N uptake ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract New information on N uptake and transport of inorganic and organic N in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is reviewed here. Hyphae of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe (BEG 107) were shown to transport N supplied as 15N-Gly to wheat plants after a 48 h labelling period in semi-hydroponic (Perlite), non-sterile, compartmentalised pot cultures. Of the 15N supplied to hyphae in pot cultures over 48 h, 0.2 and 6% was transported to plants supplied with insufficient N or sufficient N, respectively. The increased 15N uptake at the higher N supply was related to the higher hyphal length density at the higher N supply. These findings were supported by results from in vitro and monoxenic studies. Excised hyphae from four Glomus isolates (BEG 84, 107, 108 and 110) acquired N from both inorganic (15NH4 15NO3, 15NO3 − or 15NH4 +) and organic (15N-Gly and 15N-Glu, except in BEG 84 where amino acid uptake was not tested) sources in vitro during short-term experiments. Confirming these studies under sterile conditions where no bacterial mineralisation of organic N occurred, monoxenic cultures of Glomus intraradices Schenk and Smith were shown to transport N from organic sources (15N-Gly and 15N-Glu) to Ri T-DNA transformed, AM-colonised carrot roots in a long-term experiment. The higher N uptake (also from organic N) by isolates from nutrient poor sites (BEG 108 and 110) compared to that from a conventional agricultural field implied that ecotypic differences occur. Although the arbuscular mycorrhizal isolates used contributed to the acquisition of N from both inorganic and organic sources by the host plants/roots used, this was not enough to increase the N nutritional status of the mycorrhizal compared to non-mycorrhizal hosts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 63 (2000), S. 35-40 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): anther culture ; EDTA ; ferrous ions ; ferric ions ; Hordeum vulgare ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A suitable form of iron supplement in the induction medium was found to be important for further development of induced pollen embryos in barley and wheat cultivars (genotypes), especially those providing few green plants viain vitro androgenesis. Genotypes able to regenerate many green plants were less susceptible to the lack of iron in induction medium. Although Fe-EDTA was found to be a suitable form of iron in the induction medium, androgenesis was also induced on media containing non-chelated iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions). EDTA alone without iron inhibited the androgenic response even in the wheat cv. Florida, a model cultivar for androgenesis in wheat. In all barley cultivars under study including cv. Igri, a model cultivar for androgenesis in barley, EDTA alone caused an almost total suppression of androgenesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Cheyenne ; polymorphism ; RAPD ; recombinant inbred chromosome line(RICL) RFLP ; STS ; SSR ; Triticum aestivum ; Wichita
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Previously chromosome 3A of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was reported to carry genes influencing yield, yield components, plant height, and anthesis date. The objective of current study was to survey various molecular marker systems for their ability to detect polymorphism between wheat cultivars Cheyenne(CNN) and Wichita (WI), particularly for chromosome3A. Seventy-seven `sequence tagged site' (STS), 10simple sequence repeat (SSR), 40 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, and 52 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes for wheat homoeologous group 3 chromosomes, were investigated. Three (3.9%) STS-PCR primer sets amplified polymorphic fragments for the two cultivars, of which one was polymorphic for chromosome 3A. Sixty percent of SSR markers detected polymorphism between CNN and WI of which 50% were polymorphic for chromosome 3A. Twenty percent of RAPD markers detected polymorphism between CNN and WI in general, but none of these detected polymorphism for chromosome 3A. Of the fifty-two RFLP probes, 78.8% detected polymorphism between CNN and WI for group 3 chromosomes with one or more of seven restriction enzymes and 42% of the polymorphic fragements were for chromosome 3A. These high levels of RFLP and SSR polymorphisms between two related wheat cultivars could be used to map and tag genes influencing important agronomic traits. It may also be important to reconsider RFLP as the most suitable marker system at least for anchor maps of closely related wheat cultivars.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): complementary genes ; hybrid necrosis ; spring wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; winter wheat ; winter × springwheat hybridization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The distribution and allelic expressivity of hybrid necrosis genes (Ne 1 and Ne 2) were studied in 21 winter (mostly exotic) and 43 spring type elite wheat genotypes, by crossing them with two known testers, C 306 (Ne 1-carrier) and HD 2380 (Ne 2-carrier).Ne 1 gene was present in one north-west Himalayan winter wheat landrace, Shoure Local, but absent in the other winter as well as spring wheats. Ne 2 gene was prevalent to a much lower extent in the exotic winter wheat germplasm (31.57%) as compared to the recently developed Indian and Mexican spring wheat semidwarfs (69.80%). This may suggest that breeders have tried to preclude hybrid necrosis by selecting for non-carrier genotypes in the development of exotic winter wheats in contrast to the situation in spring wheats. Based on the degree of expression of hybrid necrosis genes in the F1 hybrids, the carrier genotypes were characterized with respect to the allelic strength of the hybrid necrosis genes. The 27 non-carrier genotypes of the two ecotypes identified in the present study have a greater potential use in future hybridization programmes so as to overcome the problem of hybrid necrosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): allelic variation ; Chinese wheat ; glutenin subunit ; seed storage protein ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Variation in the electrophoretic banding patterns of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits of 274hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties from China was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 27 different major HMW glutenin subunits were identified. Each variety contained three to five subunits and 29different glutenin subunit patterns were observed in274 Chinese hexaploid wheats. Seventeen alleles were identified based on the comparison of subunits mobility with that previously identified in a set of standard hexaploid wheats. The Chinese hexaploid wheats exhibited allelic variation in HMW glutenin subunit composition and the variation differed from that of Japanese and hexaploid wheats of other countries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): bunt infection ; bunt resistance ; frost resistance ; Tilletia caries ; T. foetida ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In order to determine the effects of bunt inoculation on frost resistance and winter hardiness in lines containing resistance genes, the bunt [Tilletia foetida (Wallroth) Liro, T. caries (DC.) Tulasne] susceptibility of wheat lines containing bunt resistance genesBt1 to Bt10 and the effect of the year on the degree of infection were studied over six years from 1991 to 1997 in an artificial inoculation nursery. Uninoculated and artificially inoculated wheat plants were tested for frost resistance in the phytotron in 1995 and in the field in boxes in three years from 1994/95 to 1996/97. The line withBt10 was very resistant, lines with Bt5, Bt6, Bt8 and Bt9 were resistant, the line with Bt4 was moderately resistant, those with Bt2 and Bt3 were moderately susceptible, the line with Bt1 was susceptible and the line with Bt7 was very susceptible to the local bunt population in Hungary. Bunt incidence also varied over years. The frost resistance of the Bt lines was generally lower after bunt inoculation than that of uninoculated plants. The increased frost kill in inoculated plants was not correlated with the extent of varietal susceptibility to bunt. Some lines with resistance, namely those with Bt5 (1.6% infection), Bt8 (0.6%) and Bt10 (0.0%), suffered significantly greater frost kill in the young plant stage as the result of bunt inoculation. By contrast, the Bt7line had excellent frost resistance and winter hardiness but suffered the greatest extent of bunt infection, whereas the Bt6 line had good frost resistance and good bunt resistance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant and soil 222 (2000), S. 25-34 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): deficiency ; genotypic differences ; iron ; nutrient efficiency ; phytosiderophore ; tolerance ; Triticum aestivum ; Triticum durum ; zinc
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Tolerance to Zn deficiency in wheat germplasm may be inversely related to uptake and transport of Fe to shoots. The present study examined eight bread (Triticum aestivum) and two durum (T. turgidum L. conv. durum) wheat genotypes for their capacity to take up and transport Fe when grown under either Fe or Zn deficiency. Bread wheat genotypes Aroona, Excalibur and Stilleto showed tolerance to Zn and Fe deficiency, while durum wheat genotypes are clearly less tolerant to either deficiency. Roots of bread wheats tolerant to Zn deficiency exuded more phytosiderophores than sensitive bread and durum genotypes. Greater amounts of phytosideophores were exuded by roots grown under Fe than Zn deficiency. A relatively poor relationship existed between phytosiderophore exudation or the Fe uptake rate and relative shoot growth under Fe deficiency. At advanced stages of Zn deficiency, genotypes tolerant to Zn deficiency (Aroona and Stilleto) had a greater rate of Fe uptake than other genotypes. Zinc deficiency depressed the rate of Fe transport to shoots in all genotypes in early stages, while advanced Zn deficiency had the opposite effect. Compared with Zn-sufficient plants, 17-day-old Zn-deficient plants of genotypes tolerant to Zn deficiency had a lower rate of Fe transport to shoots, while genotypes sensitive to Zn deficiency (Durati, Yallaroi) had the Fe transport rate increased by Zn deficiency. A proportion of total amount of Fe taken up that was transported to shoots increased with duration of either Fe or Zn deficiency. It is concluded that greater tolerance to Zn deficiency among wheat genotypes is associated with the increased exudation of phytosiderophores, an increased Fe uptake rate and decreased transport of Fe to shoots.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 112 (2000), S. 23-31 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): A granules ; B granules ; quantitative analysis ; starch quality ; triploid endosperm ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Two lines of hexaploid wheat were crossed and the basic generations of parent, F1, F2 and back-cross were sown in a controlled-environment chamber. FreshF1 and back-cross grains were generated, so the material could be handled either as the standard set of basic generations on a whole-plant basis, or as an extended set on an embryo or endosperm basis. The experiment was repeated. Mature grains were harvested and the starch particle size distribution was analysed in 3284 grains from 111 plants. Means and variances were partitioned into additive, dominance and interaction components. Grains from cross-pollinations had B-granule contents between parental values, rather than of the maternal parent, indicating an involvement of the grain genotype. Quantitative models based on endosperm genotype gave a better fit to the data than those based on embryo genotype. The difference in starch B-granule content between the parents was largely due to additive genes. Dominant genes were also indicated, with the first dose in the triploid endosperm having a large effect while the second dose had little or none. Non-allelic interactions were significant in the second experiment where the use of more types of backcross made them more detectable. There were also small and significant residual effects of the maternal plant in the first experiment, attributed to the vigour of the F1 mother plant and to the cytoplasm of Sunco. Narrow-sense heritability was low, between 0.05and 0.18 depending on the generation. Transgressive segregation was not found, suggesting that all alleles tending to increase the B-granule content were found in the Sunco parent and none in ME71. There was also no detectable heterosis in this character. The results show that breeding and selection for a low B-granule content should be possible but a further reduction will require new and complementary genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 50
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): disease resistance ; doubled haploid ; Fusarium headblight ; genetic analysis ; Fusarium graminearum ; recombinant inbred ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat scab
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The genetic constitution of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB, scab) caused by Fusarium graminearum in the Chinese wheat cultivar Sumai 3 and the Japanese cultivar Saikai 165 was investigated using doubled haploid lines (DHLs) and recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Frequency distributions of DHLs derived from two F1 crosses, Sumai 3 (very resistant to resistant; VR-R) / Gamenya (very susceptible; VS) and Sumai 3 / Emblem (VS), fitted well to 1: 2: 1 (resistant: moderately resistant: susceptible) ratios for reaction to FHB in the field. It is suggested that the resistance of Sumai 3 is controlled by two major genes with additive effects. One of the resistance genes may be linked in repulsion to the dominant suppressor B1 for awnedness with recombination values 15.1 ± 3.3% in Sumai 3 /Gamenya and 21.4 ± 4.3% in Sumai 3 / Emblem. Saikai 165 is a Japanese resistant line derived from an F1 Sumai 3 / Asakaze-komugi (moderately resistant; MR). The data for RILs derived from the cross Emblem / Saikai 165, indicates that three resistance genes control the resistance of Saikai 165.
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 113 (2000), S. 219-225 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): deficiency ; genotypic variation ; iron ; nutrient efficiency ; phytosiderophore ; Triticum aestivum ; Triticum durum ; zinc
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Tolerance to Fe deficiency of wheat genotypes exhibiting differential tolerance to Zn deficiency is not known, even though the relationship between Fe nutrition and differential tolerance of wheat genotypes to Zn deficiency has been hypothesised frequently. In the present experiment, eight Triticum aestivum and two T. turigidum L. conv. durum cultivars were grown in nutrient solution deficient in either Znor Fe. Three indices of tolerance to nutrient deficiency were compared: relative [(-nutrient/+nutrient) × 100] shoot growth, shoot dry weight under nutrient deficiency and relative shoot/root dry weight ratio. Genotypes Aroona, Excalibur, Stilleto and Trident were classified as tolerant to both Zn and Fe deficiency, while durum wheats Durati and Yallaroi were sensitive to Zn deficiency and moderate to sensitive to Fe deficiency. Genotypes Excalibur, Stilleto and Trident come from the same breeding programme and have the common parent (line MEC3 =Sonora64//TZPP/YAQUI54) that could have been the donor of the genes for tolerance to Zn deficiency. When Fe-deficient, all wheat genotypes were severely chlorotic but kept producing shoot and root dry matter at a relatively high rate, making the relationship between the relative shoot growth and the relative leaf chlorophyll content poor. This is the first report of wheat genotypes exhibiting multiple tolerance to Zn and Fe deficiencies.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): bread wheat ; breeding and environmental effects ; gene frequency ; geographical distribution ; hybrid necrosis ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Using the Information and Analytical System of Wheat Genetic Resources GRIS 3.2, the peculiarities of distribution of hybrid necrosis genes in bread wheat in different regions of the world were analyzed. Considerable variation in frequencies of the Ne1 and Ne2 genes in regions with different moisture and heat supply was revealed. A significant effect of breeding on frequency dynamics of different genotypes Ne1ne2, ne1Ne2 and ne1ne2 was confirmed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Schlagwort(e): abscisic acid ; drought stress ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat germ agglutinin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Expression of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) gene inthe developing embryos of wheat (Triticumaestivum L. cv. C-306) was studied in relation toabscisic acid (ABA) accumulation under water stressconditions. Imposition of water stress resulted inelevated ABA levels in the embryos at threedevelopmental stages (18, 24 and 30 DPA). On thecontrary, the effect of drought stress on WGAaccumulation was stage dependent with significantincrease in WGA content being observed at only 24 DPA. Our results suggest that apart from ABA, otherfactors which are temporally expressed, are alsoinvolved in regulation of WGA gene expression.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 281-284 
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Schlagwort(e): agronomic traits ; isozymes ; landrace ; Triticum aestivum ; variation ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A sample of an Argentinean landrace of wheat showed considerable variation in most of the evaluated morphological and agronomic characters. However, analyses with high molecular glutenins and two isozyme systems, known to be highly polymorphic among current cultivars, revealed very little or no variation, respectively. The large difference in the observed variation between morphoagronomic and biochemical characters is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 2141-2154 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Allelopathy ; phenolic acids ; 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one ; DIMBOA ; GC-MS-MS ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; weed suppression ; annual ryegrass ; Lolium rigidum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Wheat allelopathy has potential for weed suppression. Allelochemicals were identified in wheat seedlings, and they were exuded from seedlings into agar growth medium. p-Hydroxybenzoic, trans-p-coumaric, cis-p-coumaric, syringic, vanillic, trans-ferulic, and cis-ferulic acids and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) were identified in both the shoots and roots of 17-day-old wheat seedlings and their associated agar growth medium. Wheat accessions with previously identified allelopathic activity tended to contain higher levels of allelochemicals than poorly allelopathic ones. The allelopathic compounds present in the shoots generally also were identified in the roots and in the agar medium. Allelochemicals were distributed differentially in wheat, with roots normally containing higher levels of allelochemicals than the shoots. When the eight allelochemicals were grouped into benzoic acid and cinnamic acid derivatives, DIMBOA, total coumaric, and total ferulic acids, the amount of each group of allelochemicals was correlated between the roots and the shoots. Most of the allelochemicals identified in the shoots and roots could be exuded by the living roots of wheat seedling into the agar growth medium. However, the amounts of allelochemicals in the agar growth medium were not proportional to those in the roots. Results suggest that wheat plants may retain allelochemicals once synthesized. The presence of allelochemicals in the agar growth medium demonstrated that wheat seedlings were able to synthesize and to exude phytotoxic compounds through their root system that could inhibit the root growth of annual ryegrass.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 56 (2000), S. 109-116 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): labelled nitrogen ; Lolium perenne ; nitrogen cycling ; root biomass ; straw ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A field trial was carried out to compare the transformations and plant uptake of urine N and S in a short-term pasture from within an arable/pasture ley rotation and a long-term pasture. Animal urine labelled with 15N and 35S was applied to microplots at both sites. These microplots were destructively sampled at various time intervals over 12 months and analysed for 15N and 35S. It is known that soil organic matter accumulates under short-term pastures compared with a long-term pasture in which accumulation and degradation are in balance. Consequently, it was hypothesised that immobilization of urine N and S is more intense in the short-term. However, in this study there was considerably less immobilization of 15N and 35S into soil organic forms under short-term pasture than long-term pasture. This was attributable to a greater pasture dry matter response to urine application under the short-term pasture (due to its inherently low N fertility) resulting in a greater plant uptake of 15N and 35S with less 15N and 35S consequently being available for immobilization. At both sites, all of the applied 35S was accounted for through plant uptake and recovery in the soil, but 21–48% of the 15N was unaccounted for and presumed to have been lost through gaseous emissions. It was concluded that accumulation of soil organic N and S under short-term pastures is likely to be attributable to turnover of plant residues (particularly root material) and does not appear to be related to immobilization in urine patches.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 77 (2000), S. 117-133 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): Archaea ; Bacteria ; hydrothermal vents ; in situ hybridization ; molecular ecology ; probes ; 16S rRNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The study of the structure and diversity of hydrothermal vent microbial communities has long been restricted to the morphological description of microorganisms and the use of enrichment culture-based techniques. Until recently the identification of the culturable fraction required the isolation of pure cultures followed by testing for multiple physiological and biochemical traits. However, peculiar inhabitants of the hydrothermal ecosystem such as the invertebrate endosymbionts and the dense microbial mat filaments have eluded laboratory cultivation. Substantial progress has been achieved in recent years in techniques for the identification of microorganisms in natural environments. Application of molecular approaches has revealed the existence of unique and previously unrecognized microorganisms. These have provided fresh insight into the ecology, diversity and evolution of mesophilic and thermophilic microbial communities from the deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystem. This review reports the main discoveries made through the introduction of these powerful techniques in the study of deep-sea hydrothermal vent microbiology.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 60 (2000), S. 69-73 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): cereals ; tissue culture ; Triticum durum ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Fertile, green plants were regenerated from immature inflorescence explants from each of four Canadian wheat cultivars. The cultivars were representative of four classes of Canadian wheat. Explants from immature inflorescences of three size ranges were cultured on two types of media: MSI/MSR, which contains 1650 mg l-1 NH4NO3and sucrose as a carbon source, and BII/BIR, which contains 250 mg l-1 NH4NO3and maltose as a carbon source. Regeneration from all cultivars was significantly better on BII/BIR media than on MSI/MSR media. On BII/BIR media, `AC Karma', `Plenty', and `Fielder' gave the highest number of shoots per 10 explants, where the explants were derived from immature inflorescences 5.1 to 10.0 mm in length. 'Columbus' did not regenerate on MSI/MSR medium, and regenerated poorly on BII/BIR medium. Differences were found between cultivars with regard to the number of regenerant plants produced with the best treatments: `Plenty' produced 16.1 shoots per 10 explants, `AC Karma' 12.4, `Fielder' 6.4, and `Columbus' 2.2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): biochemical marker ; gene location ; Lophopyrum elongatum ; Puccinia striiformis ; stripe rust ; substitution line ; Triticum aestivum ; yellow rust
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A set of T. aestivum-L. elongatum chromosome substitution lines was tested for yellow rust resistance at the seedling stage. Inheritance of the resistance and esterase-5 (Est-5) variation were studied. The results demonstrated that L.elongatum carried a new gene(s) conferring yellow rust resistance. This gene was dominant and located on chromosome 3E of L. elongatum. The biochemical locus encoding Est-5was also located on chromosome 3E, and co-segregated with theYr gene(s) in the wheat background. The transmission frequencies of chromosome 3E in 3E(3A) × CS, 3E(3B) × CS and 3E(3D) × CS hybrids were scored.None of the hybrids transmitted the alien chromosome at thetheoretical maximum rate, but the transmission frequencies ofchromosome 3E in F2 populations of 3E(3A) × CS and 3E(3D) × CS were significantly higher than in thatof 3E(3B) × CS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 111 (2000), S. 199-203 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) ; protein ; Russian wheat aphid ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), has become a perennial, serious pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the western United States. Current methodologies used to enhance RWA resistance in wheat germplasm could benefit from an understanding of the biochemical mechanisms underlying resistance to RWA. This study was initiated to identify specific polypeptides induced by RWA feeding that may be associated with RWA resistance. The effects of RWA feeding on PI 140207 (a RWA-resistant spring wheat) and Pavon (a RWA-susceptible spring wheat) were examined by visualizing, silver-stained denatured leaf proteins separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparisons of protein profiles of noninfested and RWA-infested Pavon and PI 140207 revealed a 24-kilodalton-protein complex selectively inhibited in Pavon that persisted in PI 140207during RWA attack. No other significant qualitative or quantitative differences were detected in RWA-induced alterations of protein profiles. These results suggest that RWA feeding selectively inhibit synthesis and accumulation of proteins necessary for normal metabolic functions in susceptible plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 61
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): plant uptake ; potassium ; potassium starvation ; radiocaesium ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Short term experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of internal tissue potassium concentration on the uptake of radiocaesium by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Tonic). The results showed that potassium starvation increased Cs influx rates by a factor of 10 compared with non-starved plants. Solution to plant tissue transfer factor (TF) values also increased by around an order of magnitude after potassium starvation treatment. The enhancement of Cs influx rates by potassium starvation could be offset by an increase in external potassium concentration: this effect is minimal at external potassium concentrations greater than approximately 200 μM (8 mg L-1). This reveals that Cs influx into plant roots is subject to control by both internal and external potassium status. The kinetics of Cs uptake by potassium in starved and non-starved plants can be described adequately by the Michaelis-Menten equation. It was shown that potassium starvation substantially reduces the Km value from approximately 28 to 6 μM, which suggests that starvation treatment increases significantly the affinity of plant roots for Cs+. Mechanisms involved in K-Cs interactions during plant uptake are discussed in this paper. Finally, the relevance of such mechanisms as determinants of radiocaesium uptake by plants growing under different ecological conditions is emphasised.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): genetic diversity ; germplasm ; RFLP ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat breeding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract A set of 292 accessions of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) representing 21 germplasm pools based on geographical or breeding program origins was assayed for RFLP diversity. Thirty cDNA and genomic DNA probes and the HindIII restriction enzyme were employed for RFLP analysis. About 61% of all 233 scored bands were present in 75% or more of the accessions. All but one of the 30 probes revealed polymorphism, and the average number of distinct patterns per probe over all accessions was 9.5.Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values within a pool varied from 0 to 0.9 and depended on the identities of both the germplasm pool and the probe. Rare banding patterns with a relative frequency of ≤0.2 within a pool were detected. These rare patterns were more likely to occur in pools exhibiting high levels of heterogeneity. The highest level of polymorphism was observed in the Turkish landraces from Southwest Asia. The Eastern U.S. soft red winter wheat germplasm pool was more genetically diverse than the other advanced germplasm pools, and nearly as diverse as the Turkish landrace pool. RFLP-based genetic relationships between germplasm pools generally tracked expectations based on common geographical origin, breeding history and/or shared parentages. The Chinese wheat landraces from Sichuan, Tibet, and Yunnan provinces were distinct from other pools. Similarity matrices for among-pool genetic distance estimates based on either band frequencies or banding pattern frequencies showed good correlation with matrices derived from Nei and Li's mean genetic similarity estimates (r=−0.82** and r=−0.73**, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Schlagwort(e): canopy architecture ; canopy photosynthesis ; CO2 enrichment ; global change ; leaf area index ; leaf tip angle ; nitrogen stress ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The response of whole-canopy net CO2 exchange rate (CER) and canopy architecture to CO2 enrichment and N stress during 1996 and 1997 for open-field-grown wheat ecosystem (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yecora Rojo) are described. Every Control (C) and FACE (F) CO2 treatment (defined as ambient and ambient +200 μmol mol−1, respectively) contained a Low- and High-N treatment. Low-N treatments constituted initial soil content amended with supplemental nitrogen applied at a rate of 70 kg N ha−1 (1996) and 15 kg N ha−1 (1997), whereas High-N treatments were supplemented with 350 kg N ha−1 (1996 and 1997). Elevated CO2 enhanced season-long carbon accumulation by 8% and 16% under Low-N and High-N, respectively. N-stress reduced season-long carbon accumulation 14% under ambient CO2, but by as much as 22% under CO2 enrichment. Averaging both years, green plant area index (GPAI) peaked approximately 76 days after planting at 7.13 for FH, 6.00 for CH, 3.89 for FL, and 3.89 for CL treatments. Leaf tip angle distribution (LTA) indicated that Low-N canopies were more erectophile than those of High-N canopies: 48° for FH, 52° for CH, and 58° for both FL and CL treatments. Temporal trends in canopy greenness indicated a decrease in leaf chlorophyll content from the flag to flag-2 leaves of 25% for FH, 28% for CH, 17% for CL, and 33% for FL during 1997. These results indicate that significant modifications of canopy architecture occurs in response to both CO2 and N-stress. Optimization of canopy architecture may serve as a mechanism to diminish CO2 and N-stress effects on CER.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromosome research 8 (2000), S. 671-676 
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Schlagwort(e): meiotic metaphase I pairing ; recombinant isochromosome ; Triticum aestivum ; Triticum dicoccoides
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A recombinant isochromosome i5BLrec of wheat was developed with one arm and the proximal 36% of the other arm of Chinese Spring (CS) origin and the distal 64% of the recombined arm of Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides origin. The i5BLrec} provides an unusual opportunity to analyze the role of the centromere or arm heterozygosity in chromosome prealignment and synapsis during meiosis. In monosomic condition, the i5BLrec formed a ring univalent in 86.8% of the pollen mother cells (PMCs) at meiotic metaphase I. In the disomic condition, the two i5BLrec preferentially paired as a normal bivalent in 74.8% of the PMCs, which differed significantly (p〈0.01) from the normal bivalent pairing of 51% observed in diisosomic 5BL chromosomes of the CS (Di5BLCS) control plants. In plants with one i5BLrec and a normal 5BCS, the long arm of 5BCS paired with the homologous arm of i5BLrec in 54.4% of the PMCs, and 40.4% of the PMCs had a 5BCS univalent and a i5BLrec ring univalent. The implications of the i5BLrec pairing data on the mechanism of Ph1 gene action are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromosome research 8 (2000), S. 501-511 
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Schlagwort(e): BFB cycle ; chromosome healing ; gametocidal factor ; rye deficiencies ; Secale cereale ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The gametocidal factor on the Aegilops cylindrical chromosome 2Cc was used to induce and analyze the nature of chromosomal rearrangements in rye chromosomes added to wheat. For this purpose we isolated plants disomic for a given rye chromosome and monosomic for 2Cc and analyzed their progenies cytologically. Rearranged rye chromosomes were identified in 7% of the progenies and consisted of rye deficiencies (4.6%), wheat–rye dicentric and rye ring chromosomes (1.8%), and terminal translocations (0.6%). The dicentric and ring chromosomes initiated breakage–fusion–bridge cycles (BFB) that ceased within a few weeks after germination as the result of chromosome healing. Of 56 rye deficiencies identified, after backcrossing and selfing, only 33 were recovered in either homozygous or heterozygous condition covering all rye chromosomes except 7R. The low recovery rate is probably caused by the presence of multiple rearrangements induced in the wheat genome that resulted in poor plant vigor and seed set, low transmission, and an underestimation of the frequency of wheat–rye dicentric chromosomes. Genomic in-situ hybridization (GISH) analysis of the 33 recovered rye deficiencies revealed that 30 resulted from a single break in one chromosome arm followed by the loss of the segment distal to the breakpoint. Only three had a wheat segment attached distal to the breakpoint. Although some of the Gc-induced rye rearrangements were derived from BFB cycles, all of the recovered rye rearrangements were simple in structure. The healing of the broken chromosome ends was achieved either by the de-novo addition of telomeric repeats leading to deficiencies and telocentric chromosomes or by the fusion with other broken ends in the form of stable monocentric terminal translocation chromosomes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 170 (2000), S. 531-535 
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Large intestine ; Furrow of proximal colon ; Digesta ; Bacteria ; Soft and hard feces ; Nutrias ; Myocastor coypus ; AbbreviationsN nitrogen ; TAA total amino acids ; DAP diaminopimelic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The bacterial level of soft feces is higher than that of hard feces in nutrias. This suggests the heterogeneity of bacterial density in the large intestine. To show the heterogeneity of bacteria in the contents of the large intestine in nutrias, we divided the contents of the large intestine into 12 regions, then measured the nitrogen (N), total amino acids (TAA) and diaminopimelic acid (DAP), a bacterial marker, of these regions. Levels of N, TAA and DAP varied along the cross section of the proximal colon. The greater curvature of the main lumen and furrow had higher N, TAA and DAP concentrations than the lesser curvature. We also examined the involvement of the furrow in producing two types of feces differing in bacterial nitrogen content by surgically preventing the flow of the furrow contents. We compared the concentrations of N, TAA and DAP between soft and hard feces among operated, sham-operated and intact animals. Surgical closure of the furrow abolished the difference in levels of N, TAA and DAP between soft and hard feces, suggesting that the furrow of the proximal colon is responsible for making the bacterial density higher in soft feces than in hard feces.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Photosynthetica 38 (2000), S. 607-614 
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Schlagwort(e): chlorophyll fluorescence ; diphenyl carbazide ; donor side ; electron transport ; MnCl2 ; NH2OH ; photosystem ; senescence ; thylakoid protein ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Changes in various components of photosynthetic apparatus during the 6-d dark incubation at 25 °C of detached control and DCMU-treated Triticum aestivum L. leaves were examined. The rate of photosystem 2 (PS2) activity was decreased with increase of the time of dark incubation in control leaves. In contrast to this, DCMU-treated leaves demonstrated high stability by slowing down the inactivation processes. Diphenyl carbazide and NH2OH restored the PS2 activity more in control leaves than in DCMU-treated leaves. Mn2+ failed to restore the PS2 activity in both control and DCMU-treated samples. Similar results were obtained when Fv/Fm was evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. The marked loss of PS2 activity in dark incubated control leaves was primarily due to the loss of D1, 33, and 23 kDa extrinsic polypeptides and 28-25 kDa LHCP2 polypeptides.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Photosynthetica 37 (2000), S. 519-527 
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Schlagwort(e): alanine ; aspartate ; glycine ; glycollate ; malate ; nitrate ; serine ; sugars ; Triticum aestivum ; urea ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract 14CO2 uptake in leaves of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) fertilized by urea or Ca(NO3)2 (25 mol m-3) was investigated. The Warburg effect (inhibition of 14CO2 uptake by oxygen) under 0.03 vol. % CO2 concentration was observed only in non-fertilized plants. Under 0.03 vol. % CO2, the Warburg antieffect (stimulation of 14CO2 uptake by oxygen) was detected only in plants fertilized by Ca(NO3)2. Under saturating CO2 concentration (0.30 vol. %), the Warburg antieffect was observed in all variants. Under limitation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity (0.30 vol. % CO2 + 1 vol. % O2), the rate of synthesis of glycollate metabolism products decreased in control and urea-fertilized plants but was enhanced in nitrate-fed plants. Hence, there was an activation of glycollate formation via transketolase reaction in fertilized plants, and the products of nitrate reduction function were oxidants in nitrate-fertilized plants whereas the superoxide radical played this role in urea-fertilized plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Schlagwort(e): net photosynthetic rate ; soil and atmospheric drought ; stomatal conductance ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Yields of wheat in semiarid and arid zones are limited by drought, and water condition is very important at each stage of development. Studies carried out at Loess Plateau in the northwestern part of China indicated that yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Dingxi 81-392 was reduced by 41% when subjected to water stress. The effects of two water regimens on net photosynthetic rate (P N), stomatal conductance (g s), and intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) were investigated at the jointing, booting, anthesis, and grain filling stages. Low soil moisture in comparison to adequate one had invariably reduced P N during the diurnal variations at the four growth stages. P N and g s in both soil moisture regimes was maximally reduced at midday. C i and the stomatal limitation fluctuated remarkably during photosynthesis midday depression processes, especially at the grain filling stage. Hence atmospheric drought at midday was one of the direct causes inducing stomata closure and the g s depression, but it was beneficial for maintaining stable intrinsic water use efficiency. Fluctuation in C i implicated that non-stomatal limitation also plays an important role during the period of photosynthesis midday depression. Consequently stomatal and/or non-stomatal limitation are the possible cause of the midday photosynthesis decline.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Photosynthetica 37 (2000), S. 615-619 
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Schlagwort(e): carbon based secondary compounds (CBSC) ; isoorientin ; leaf age ; litter ; phenolics ; tricin ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We compared flavonoids in green, mature, and senescing flag leaves of wheat grown under ambient (AC - 370 μmol mol-1) and elevated (EC - 550 μmol mol-1) concentrations of CO2 in a FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment) system. The concentrations of flag leaf flavonoids (e.g., isoorientin and tricin) decreased to one third in mature leaves, and the majoritary isoorientin almost disappeared in senescing leaves. Flavonoid concentrations increased in green well-developed flag leaves under EC (46 % isoorientin and 55 % tricin), whereas the differences disappeared in mature and senescing flag leaves. Predictions of changes in litter phenolic concentrations and their effects on decomposition rates under EC based on changes in green leaves need to be revised.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 16 (2000), S. 495-497 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Schlagwort(e): Bacteria ; biodegradation ; 2,4-D ; soil microcosm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Bacterial isolates (NJ 10 and NJ 15) capable of degrading the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were isolated from agricultural soil by enrichment culture technique. The isolates exhibited substantial growth in mineral salt medium supplemented with 0.1–0.5% of 2,4-D as a sole source of carbon and energy. Based on their morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics, the isolates NJ 10 and NJ 15 have been identified as Pseudomonas species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Biodegradation studies in a soil microcosm enriched with pure cultures of the isolates demonstrated a time-dependent disappearance of 2,4-D from the 100 mg/kg herbicide-amended soil. The HPLC data analysis revealed 96.6 and 99.8% degradation in the soil inoculated with the pure cultures of isolates NJ 10 and NJ 15, respectively with in 20 days of incubation at 30 °C. Both the isolates showed significant solubilization of inorganic phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] on the specific Pikovskaya's medium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 16 (2000), S. 115-134 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Schlagwort(e): Bacteria ; biocontrol ; biological control ; compost ; disease ; fungi ; microbiology ; pathogen ; suppression ; turf ; turfgrass
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract The relationships among the chemical, physical and biological aspects of compost and their role in suppression of turfgrass pathogens are reviewed. The composting process, mediated by microbial activity, is affected by physical and chemical characteristics which include temperature, aeration, moisture content, C:N ratio and pH. In the absence of parameter restrictions, the microbial community follows a predictable successional pattern resulting in the re-colonization of compost with metabolically active mesophilic populations that can be suppressive towards plant pathogens. Although mechanisms of suppression are not fully understood, those postulated include physiochemical and biological characteristics. The physiochemical characteristics of composts can alter suppressive properties through direct effects on pathogens and antagonistic microorganisms, or indirect effects on host systems through the supply of nutrients, improvement of soil structure, porosity and water retention capabilities, along with other factors. Biological characteristics centre on microbial community involvement in suppressive mechanisms, which can include one or a combination of competition for nutrients, antibiosis, lytic and other extracellular enzyme production, parasitism, predation and host-mediated induction of resistance. As a result of the potential benefits of compost, there is considerable interest in determining the capacity for composts to suppress turfgrass pathogens. Although the exact mechanisms of suppression are largely unknown, there appear to be several factors that play an integrated role. The use of composts that successfully suppress turfgrass diseases will permit a reduction in the use of chemical controls, and slow the development of fungicide resistance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 106 (2000), S. 837-842 
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Schlagwort(e): Triticum aestivum ; Septoria nodorum ; Phaeosphaeria nodorum ; epidemiology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The transmission of Stagonospora nodorum from four naturally infected winter wheat seedlots was quantified in controlled environment germination chambers at 9, 13, 17, 21, and 25 °C. Seedlings were harvested when the second leaf began to emerge. Coleoptiles and first seedling leaves were examined for the presence of lesions caused by S. nodorum. First leaves were incubated on Bannon's medium for 2 weeks, after which they were examined for pycnidia of S. nodorum. Transmission to the coleoptile occurred at all temperatures, but decreased from 100% to 72% as temperature increased from 9 to 25 °C. Transmission to the first leaf was less, dropping from 37% to 2% as temperature increased from 9 to 25 °C. At least 44% of infected first leaves were symptomless at all temperatures, with 96% of infected leaves showing no symptoms at 25 °C. Transmission to seedling leaves occurred over a broad temperature range. Under the high densities at which wheat is sown, a significant number of infected seedlings per unit area may originate from relatively low initial seed infection levels and transmission efficiencies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Schlagwort(e): carboxylation efficiecy ; carotenoids ; chlorophyll ; growth analysis ; net photosynthetic rate ; photochemical efficiency ; ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ; stomatal conductance ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Wheat plants were grown from sowing to day 18 in 26-dm3 chambers at three different CO2 concentrations: 150 (-CO2), 350 (C, control), 800 (+CO2) μmol mol-1. Afterwards, plants of the three variants were grown at the same natural CO2 concentration. Plant characteristics were measured just before the transfer (0 days after CO2 treatment, DAT), and at 5 – 8 DAT on the 1st leaf, and at 12 – 22 DAT on the 4th leaf. Decreased or increased CO2 concentrations caused acclimations which persisted after transplantation to natural CO2 concentration. At 5 – 8 DAT, stomatal density, stomatal conductance (gs), CO2 saturated net photosynthetic rate (PNsat0), radiation saturated net photosynthetic rate (PNsat1), and carboxylation efficiency (τ) were higher in -CO2 plants and lower in +CO2 plants than in C plants. As compared with C plants, the photochemical efficiency (α) was lower in -CO2 and higher in -CO2 plants, however, chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, Chl a–b and carotenoid contents were lower in both -CO2 and +CO2 plants. On the 4th leaf, which emerged on plant after finishing CO2 treatments, at 12 – 22 DAT, no differences in stomatal density and g, between treatments were observed. In -CO2 plants, pigment content and PNsat0 were higher, α was lower, and PNsat1 and τ were not different from C plants. In contrast, in +CO2 plants, pigment content, PNsat1 and τ were lower, and PNsat0 and α were unchanged. Leaf area, dry mass, and tiller development increased in +CO2 plants and decreased in -CO2 plants. In the interval between 8 and 22 DAT, lower net assimilation rate in +CO2 than in -CO2 plants was observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biologia plantarum 43 (2000), S. 523-528 
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Schlagwort(e): accumulation ; grains ; lithium ; mobility ; phloem ; potassium ; rubidium ; sodium ; strontium ; Triticum aestivum ; xylem
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The alkali metals cesium, rubidium, lithium and sodium were introduced together with strontium via flaps into leaf laminas or into the stem of maturing, intact winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Arina) grown in a field. Long-distance transport of these elements and the influence of the application date and of different application positions were investigated. The phloem-immobile Sr served as a marker for the distribution of the xylem sap in the plants. Dry matter accumulation in the grains and the transpiration per shoot were not markedly affected by the treatments as compared to control plants. The phloem mobility was rather high for Cs and Rb. Li was almost immobile in the phloem (similarly to Sr). An application into the cut stem xylem below the second leaf node contributed more to the contents in the grains than an application into the flag leaf. An earlier feeding date led to a higher accumulation in the grains. The marked losses of the elements applied during maturation (most pronounced for Li) can be explained by leakage in the rain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biologia plantarum 43 (2000), S. 61-66 
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Schlagwort(e): lipids ; polypeptide pattern ; salt stress ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Wheat seedlings of a salt tolerant cultivar were grown hydroponically in presence and absence of 100 mM NaCl. Roots were harvested, and the plasma membrane (PM) fraction was purified. PM ATPase required a divalent cations for activity (Mg 〉 Mn 〉 Ca 〉 Co 〉 Zn 〉 Ni 〉 Cu), and it was further stimulated by monovalent cations (K 〉 Rb 〉 NH4 〉 Li 〉 choline 〉 Cs). The pH optima were 6.0 and 5.6 in absence and presence of 25 mM KCl, respectively. The enzyme was sensitive to vanadate and DCCD but insensitive to azide, oligomycine and nitrate. The enzyme displayed a high preference for ATP but was also able to hydrolyze other nucleotide tri- and diphosphates. The enzyme activity showed a simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics for the substrate Mg2+-ATP in both control and salt exposed roots. The polypeptide patterns of control and salt stressed PM fractions, detected by SDS-PAGE, were very similar. NaCl substantially reduced the PM ATPase specific activity, whereas it had little effect on the apparent Km for Mg2+-ATP. Since the root PM ATPase of salt sensitive and resistant genotypes responded similarly to salinity stress, it seems unlikely that the mechanism of salt tolerance in wheat is primarily based on differences in PM ATPase characteristics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biologia plantarum 43 (2000), S. 309-311 
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Schlagwort(e): grains ; maturation ; radioisotopes ; transport ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Steam-girdling experiments with detached wheat shoots showed that cesium was eliminated from the xylem sap and loaded into the phloem during acropetal transport. This transfer is important for the accumulation of cesium (especially also of the radiopollutants 134Cs and 137Cs) in maturing wheat grains.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biologia plantarum 43 (2000), S. 559-562 
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Schlagwort(e): phenolics ; susceptibility ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Polyphenol oxidase activity was higher in resistant wheat cultivar ACC-8226 than in susceptible cultivar MP-845 in control sets and after inoculation of Alternaria triticina. However, similar polyphenol oxidase isozyme pattern was found in control and inoculated sets of both the cultivars, but the band intensity was higher after inoculation. Three and four peroxidase isozymes were found in ACC-8226 and MP-845, respectively. An extra peroxidase isozyme band was observed in both the cultivars after inoculation. The results suggest an active role of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in defence mechanism of wheat plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 79
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Schlagwort(e): ascorbic acid ; ascorbate peroxidase ; active oxygen species ; catalase ; hydroger ; peroxide ; oxidative stress ; superoxide dismutase ; temperature stress ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract An experiment was conducted with three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes C 306, HD 2285 and HD 2329 (differently susceptible to water and temperature stress) to study the extent of oxidative injury and activities of antioxidant enzymes in relation to heat stress induced by manipulating dates of sowing. Increase in temperature by late sowing significantly decreased leaf relative water content (RWC), ascorbic acid content, and increased H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation in all the genotypes at 8 and 23 d after anthesis. Temperature tolerant genotypes C 306, closely followed by HD 2285 were superior to HD 2329 in maintaining high RWC, ascorbic acid content, and lower H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content) under high temperature (late sowing) at the two stages. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were highest in HD 2285 followed by C 306 and minimum in HD 2329 while ascorbate peroxidase activity was highest in C 306.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Schlagwort(e): active oxygen species ; catalase ; chloroplast ; glutathione reductase ; lipid peroxidation ; nitrate reductase ; proline ; superoxide dismutase ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We induced an oxidative stress by means of exogenous hydrogen peroxide in two wheat genotypes, C 306 (tolerant to water stress) and Hira (susceptible to water stress), and investigated oxidative injury and changes in antioxidant enzymes activity. H2O2 treatment caused chlorophyll degradation, lipid peroxidation, decreased membrane stability and activity of nitrate reductase. Hydrogen peroxide increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione reductase and catalase. These effects increased with increasing H2O2 concentrations. However, no change was observed in the activity of superoxide dismutase and proline accumulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biologia plantarum 43 (2000), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Schlagwort(e): nitrate assimilation ; Triticum aestivum ; Zn toxicity ; Cu toxicity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of Zn2- on nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) activity was studied in botá wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Oasis) leaves and in the NR enzyme partially purified from wheat leaves. Leaf segments were floated on 0 to 5 mM ZnSO4 solutions (pH 6.0) for 24 h under continuous light. Zn2- at 250 μM decreased NR activity and increased membrane permeability. However, parameters of cellular oxidative damage were scarcely affected by Zn2- treatments. Accordingly, the decrease of NR activity induced by Zn2- was not prevented by benzoate (a scavenger of oxygen radicals). The effect of Zn2- was dependent on leaf age: it decreased NR activity in mature but not in young leaves. Zn2 inhibited the partially purified NR. This inhibition was not reversed by either co- or post-incubation with cysteine, and the amount of -SH groups of the purified NR was not affected by Zn2+ indicating that Zn2- inhibition does not involve key -SH groups of the enzyme. However, o-phenantroline both prevented and reversed Zn2+-induced NR inhibition. We concluded that the effect of Zn2+ on NR activity in vivo is not associated with an increase in active oxygen generation and involves a direct and reversible inhibition of the enzyme.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 91 (1999), S. 403-412 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): aphid ; Diuraphis noxia ; Triticum aestivum ; endosymbiont ; insect-plant interactions ; phloem ; amino acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The feeding behavior of Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko (Homoptera: Aphididae) on susceptible hosts causes both ultrastructural and tissue level damage which may affect phloem composition. Genetic evidence suggests that endosymbiotic bacteria in most aphids overproduce limiting amino acids to benefit hosts but that D. noxia depends less on endosymbionts for these nutrients, possibly due to an enriched diet. To determine whether D. noxia feeding damage results in higher concentrations of essential amino acids, stylet exudates were analyzed from wheat (Triticum aestivum) damaged to different degrees. Comparison of samples from undamaged and damaged susceptible wheat revealed changes in amino acid composition and an increase in levels of essential amino acids, indicating a nutritionally enhanced ingesta. The changes in stylet exudates paralleled changes in leaf exudates, indicating that the effects are systemic. Feeding damage is not observed on a resistant wheat host, var. Halt, and leaf exudates from infested Halt did not show changes in amino acid composition. Mean relative growth of nymphs was significantly lower on Halt than on susceptible Arapahoe, indicating that Halt is a less suitable host. Both varieties show similar amino acid levels in non-infested samples, suggesting that D. noxia infestation does not enhance the phloem environment in Halt. This study provides evidence that aphid feeding can generate a nutritionally enhanced phloem diet.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 91 (1999), S. 111-114 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): sieve element ; salivation ; aphid ; plant resistance ; wheat ; Sitobion fragariae ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Extended sieve element salivation (E1 waveform in the electrical penetration graph) is a characteristic activity during early sieve element punctures, particularly in resistant plants. In order to explore a chemically-mediated mechanism of resistance associated with sieve element salivation, we compared the pattern of feeding behaviour of the aphid, Sitobion fragariae (Walker), on two cultivars of the wheat Triticum aestivum L., with different concentrations of hydroxamic acids (Hx). During 24 h of electronic monitoring, aphids dedicated over 50% of the total time to phloem ingestion from the sieve elements. Total time allocated to E1 in the experiment, time to first E1 within the experiment, time allocated to E1 before a sustained phloem ingestion (E2) and the contribution of sieve element salivation to the phloem phase (E1/[E1+E2]) were significantly higher in the high-Hx cultivar. The increased salivation in plants with higher contents of Hx suggests the existence, at least in this system, of a chemically-mediated sieve element constraint.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Glomus mosseae ; Hydroponics ; Nitrate uptake ; Root respiration ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Oxygen and CO2 fluxes were measured in hydroponically grown mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Triticum aestivum L. cv. Hano roots. The NO3 – uptake of the plants was used to estimate the amount of root respiration attributable to ion uptake. Plants were grown at 4 mM N and 10 μM P, where a total and viable mycorrhizal root colonisation of 48% and 18%, respectively, by Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe (BEG 107) was observed. The O2 consumption and NO3 – uptake rates were similar and the CO2 release was higher in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal wheat. This resulted in a significantly higher respiratory quotient (RQ, mol CO2 mol–1 O2) in mycorrhizal (1.27±0.13) than in non-mycorrhizal (0.79±0.05) wheat. As the biomass and N and P concentrations in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal wheat were the same, the higher RQ resulted from the mycorrhizal colonisation and not differences in nutrition per se.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 282-290 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Grasslands ; Management ; Microbial biomass ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Nitrogen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract  There is much interest in the development of agricultural land management strategies aimed at enhancing reliance on ecosystem self-regulation rather than on artificial inputs such as fertilisers and pesticides. This study tested the usefulness of measures of soil microbial biomass and fungal:bacterial biomass ratios as indicators of effective conversion from an intensive grassland system, reliant mainly on fertilisers for crop nutrition, to a low-input system reliant mainly on self-regulation through soil biological pathways of nutrient turnover. Analysis of soils from a wide range of meadow grassland sites in northern England, along a gradient of long-term management intensity, showed that fungal:bacterial biomass ratios (measured by phospholipid fatty acid analysis; PLFA) were consistently and significantly higher in the unfertilised than the fertilised grasslands. There was also some evidence that microbial biomass, measured by chloroform fumigation and total PLFA, was higher in the unfertilised than in the fertilised grasslands. It was also found that levels of inorganic nitrogen (N), in particular nitrate-N, were significantly higher in the fertilised than in the unfertilised grasslands. However, microbial activity, measured as basal respiration, did not differ between the sites. A field manipulation trial was conducted to determine whether the reinstatement of traditional management on an improved mesotrophic grassland, for 6 years, resulted in similar changes in the soil microbial community. It was found that neither the cessation of fertiliser applications nor changes in cutting and grazing management significantly affected soil microbial biomass or the fungal:bacterial biomass ratio. It is suggested that the lack of effects on the soil microbial community may be related to high residual fertility caused by retention of fertiliser N in the soil. On the basis of these results it is recommended that following the reinstatement of low-input management, the measurement of a significant increase in the soil fungal:bacterial biomass ratio, and perhaps total microbial biomass, may be an indicator of successful conversion to a grassland system reliant of self-regulation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 86
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms ; Mussoorie rock phosphate ; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae ; Triticum aestivum ; Nutrient-deficient soils
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract  The effect of inoculating wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with the PO4 3–-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) Bacillus circulans and Cladosporium herbarum and the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus sp. 88 with or without Mussoorie rock phosphate (MRP) amendment in a nutrient-deficient natural sandy soil was studied. In the sandy soil of low fertility root colonization by VAM fungi was low. Inoculation with Glomus sp. 88 improved root colonization. At maturity, grain and straw yields as well as N and P uptake improved significantly following inoculation with PSM or the VAM fungus. These increases were higher on combined inoculation of PSM and the VAM fungus with MRP amendment. In general, a larger population of PSM was maintained in the rhizosphere of wheat in treatments with VAM fungal inoculation and MRP amendment. The results suggest that combined inoculation with PSM and a VAM fungus along with MRP amendment can improve crop yields in nutrient-deficient soils.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 29 (1999), S. 170-177 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Chitin degradation ; Succession ; Fungi ; Bacteria ; Actinomycetes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract  The dynamics of culturable chitin-degrading microorganisms were studied during a 16-week incubation of chitin-amended coastal dune soils that differed in acidity. Soil samples were incubated at normal (5% w/w) and high (15% w/w) moisture levels. More than half of the added chitin was decomposed within 4 weeks of incubation in most soils. This rapid degradation was most likely due to fast-growing chitinolytic fungi (mainly Mortierella spp. and Fusarium spp.) at both moisture levels, as dense hyphal networks of these fungi were observed during the first 4 weeks of incubation. Chitin N mineralization was inhibited by cycloheximide, and fast-growing fungal isolates were capable of rapid chitin decomposition in sterile sand, further suggesting that these fungi play an important role in initial chitin degradation. The strong increase in fast-growing fungi in chitin-amended dune soils was only detected by direct observation. Plate counts and microscopic quantification of stained hyphae failed to reveal such an increase. During the first part of the incubation, numbers of unicellular chitinolytic bacteria also increased, but their contribution to chitin degradation was indicated to be of minor importance. During prolonged incubation, colony forming units (CFU) of chitinolytic streptomycetes and/or slow-growing fungi increased strongly in several soils, especially at the 5% moisture level. Hence, the general trend observed was a succession from fast-growing fungi and unicellular bacteria to actinomycetes and slow-growing fungi. Yet, the composition of chitinolytic CFU over time differed strongly between chitin-amended dune soils, and also between the two moisture levels. These differences could not be attributed to pH, organic matter or initial microbial composition. The possible consequence of such unpredictable variation in microbial community composition for the use of chitin-amendments as a biocontrol measure is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1999), S. 431-435 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Actinomycetes ; Bacteria ; Cynodon spp. ; Fungi ; Turfgrass
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract  Four natural organic fertilizers, alone or in combination with the synthetic organic fertilizer isobutylidene diurea (IBDU), were compared with IBDU alone for their effect on soil/root microbial populations associated with bermudagrass grown on a golf course putting green in southern Florida, USA. Populations of total fungi, total bacteria, fluorescent pseudomonads, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, actinomycetes and heat-tolerant bacteria were monitored every 3 months during the 2-year study. On only one sampling date and for only one bacterial population (S. maltophilia) was a significant difference in microbial populations obtained among the fertilizer treatments. However, the S. maltophilia populations associated with the natural organic fertilizer treatments were not significantly different from the synthetic organic IBDU fertilizer treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Carbonates ; Cold seeps ; Methane ; Petroleum ; Archaea ; Bacteria ; Sponges ; Tube worms ; Epifluorescence ; Biomarkers ; Jurassic ; Tertiary ; France ; Italy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract The relation of two well-known ancient carbonate deposits to hydrocarbon seepage was confirmed by this study. Archaea are found to be associated with the formation of Oxfordian seep carbonates from Beauvoisin and with a Miocene limestone from Marmorito ("tube-worm limestone"). Carbonates formed due to a mediation by archaea exhibit extremely positive or extremely negative δ13Ccarbonate values, respectively. Highly positive values (+15‰) reflect the use of 13C-enriched CO2 produced by methanogenesis. Low δ13C values of the Marmorito carbonates (–30‰) indicate the oxidation of seepage-derived hydrocarbons. Likewise, the δ13C content of specific tail-to-tail linked isoprenoids, biomarkers for archaea, was found to be strikingly depleted in these samples (as low as –115‰). The isotopic signatures corroborate that archaea were involved in the cycling of seepage-derived organic carbon at the ancient localities. Another Miocene limestone ("Marmorito limestone") shows a strong imprint of methanotrophic bacteria as indicated by δ13C values of carbonate as low as –40‰ and biomarker evidence. Epifluorescence microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that bacterial biofilms were involved in carbonate aggregation. In addition to lucinid bivalves previously reported from both localities, we infer that sponges from Beauvoisin and tube worms from Marmorito depended on chemosynthesis as well. Low δ13C values of nodules related to sponge taphonomy (–27‰) indicate that sponges might have been linked to an enhanced hydrocarbon oxidation. Tube worm fossils from Marmorito closely resemble chemosynthetic pogonophoran tube worms from Recent cold seeps and are embedded in isotopically light carbonate (δ13C –30‰).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 53 (1999), S. 157-175 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica napus ; Cicer arietinum ; current P ; Lens culinaris ; Lupinus albus ; Lupinus angustifolius ; P concentration response ; P content response ; Pisum sativum ; previous P ; sigmoid response ; single superphosphate ; Triticum aestivum ; Vicia faba ; yield response
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Phosphorus (P) is a major deficiency of soils of south-western Australia (WA). The fertilizer P requirements are not known for grain legumes being evaluated for neutral to alkaline, fine textured soils in WA. To rectify this, glasshouse and field experiments were undertaken to compare the responses of several grain legume species, wheat and canola to applications of single superphosphate and the results are reported in this paper. The glasshouse experiments measured responses of dried tops, harvested at 26 to 42 days after sowing, to P that was freshly-applied (current P) and previously-applied (previous P). Responses in the glasshouse were measured using yield, P concentration and P content (P concentration multiplied by yield) of oven dried tops of the following: wheat (Triticum aestivum), canola (Brassica napus), faba bean (Vicia faba), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), lentil (Lens culinaris), field pea (Pisum sativum), albus lupin (Lupinus albus) and narrow leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius). Field experiments in 1994 and 1995 compared seed (grain) yield responses of faba bean, chickpea, lentil, albus lupin and wheat to applications of current P. The P was banded (drilled) with the seed while sowing at 5 cm depth. Canola and wheat produced very large yield responses to increasing applications of current P. Responses were much smaller for albus lupin, faba bean and chickpea. Responses for lentil, narrow leaf lupin and field pea, fell in between responses of the small and large seeded species. Similar trends for responses were obtained as measured using yield, P concentration, or P content. For soils treated with previous P, similar trends were observed as for current P, but differences in yield responses between species were much less marked and the response curves tended to become more sigmoid. In the field experiments, grain yield responses to current P of albus lupin and chickpea were less than that for wheat. Relative to wheat, faba bean was the most responsive grain legume to applications of current P, with lentil producing similar responses to wheat in one experiment at a newly cleared, P deficient site.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 28 (1999), S. 263-267 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Human liver ; Human brain ; Ferritin ; Electron microscopy ; Mössbauer spectroscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Human brain (globus pallidus) and liver tissues were investigated by means of electron microscopy (EM), Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) and SQUID magnetometry techniques. Based on MS measurements, the iron present was identified to be in the ferritin-like form (61–88%) and in the form of a low-spin iron species (the balance). Its overall concentration was estimated as 1.5(3) mg in the brain and 2.4(5) mg in the liver, per gram of lyophilized tissue. The average core diameter was determined by EM measurements to be equal to 7.5(1.3) nm for the liver and 3.3(5) nm for the brain. Magnetization measurements carried out between 5 and 300 K yielded an estimation of an average blocking temperature, KT BL, as equal to 6.7 K and 8.5 K for the liver and the brain, respectively. From the dependence of KT BL on the external magnetic field it was concluded that the ferritin-like cores in the studied samples can be regarded as non-interacting particles. Finally, the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant was determined to be 6×103 J/m3 for the liver and 4×104 J/m3 for the brain.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 172 (1999), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words 16S rRNA gene sequences ; Phylogeny ; Bacteria ; Archaea ; Brines ; Kebrit Deep ; Red Sea
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In this study, we report on first 16S rRNA gene sequences from highly saline brine sediments taken at a depth of 1,515 m in the Kebrit Deep, northern Red Sea. Microbial DNA extracted directly from the sediments was subjected to PCR amplification with primers specific for bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences. The PCR products were cloned, and a total of 11 (6 bacterial and 5 archaeal) clone types were determined by restriction endonuclease digestion. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the cloned sequences were unique, showing no close association with sequences of cultivated organisms or sequences derived from environmental samples. The bacterial clone sequences form a novel phylogenetic lineage (KB1 group) that branches between the Aquificales and the Thermotogales. The archaeal clone sequences group within the Euryarchaeota. Some of the sequences cluster with the group II and group III uncultivated archaea sequence clones, while two clone groups form separate branches. Our results suggest that hitherto unknown archaea and bacteria may thrive in highly saline brines of the Red Sea under extreme environmental conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 38 (1999), S. 359-375 
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Chemotaxis ; Partial differential equations ; Bacteria ; Mathematical Modeling ; Pattern formation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract.  A variety of spatial patterns are formed chemotactically by the bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. We focus in this paper on patterns formed by E. coli and S. typhimurium in liquid medium experiments. The dynamics of the bacteria, nutrient and chemoattractant are modeled mathematically and give rise to a nonlinear partial differential equation system. We present a simple and intuitively revealing analysis of the patterns generated by our model. Patterns arise from disturbances to a spatially uniform solution state. A linear analysis gives rise to a second order ordinary differential equation for the amplitude of each mode present in the initial disturbance. An exact solution to this equation can be obtained, but a more intuitive understanding of the solutions can be obtained by considering the rate of growth of individual modes over small time intervals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Arbuscular mycorrhiza ; Hordeum vulgare ; Triticum aestivum ; Glomus intraradices ; Mycorrhiza-helper bacteria ; Secondary compounds
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Colonization of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Salome (barley)and Triticum aestivum L. cv. Caprimus (wheat) roots by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith leads to de novo synthesis of isoprenoid cyclohexenone derivatives with blumenin [9-O-(2′-O-β-glucuronosyl)-β-glucopyranoside of 6-(3-hydroxybutyl)-1,1,5-trimethyl-4-cyclohexen-3-one] as the major constituent and to transient accumulation of hydroxycinnamate amides (4-coumaroylagmatine and -putrescine). Accumulation of these compounds in mycorrhizal wheat roots started 2 weeks after sowing together with the onset of arbuscule formation and proceeded with mycorrhizal progression. Highest levels were reached in 3- to 4-week-old secondary roots (root branches of first and higher order) characterized by the formation of vesicles. In the final developmental stages, the fungus produced massive amounts of spores, enclosing the stele of older root parts (older than 5 weeks) characterized by cortical death. In these root parts, the secondary compounds were detected in trace amounts only, indicating that they were located in the cortical tissues. Some rhizosphere bacteria tested, i.e. Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Rhizobium leguminosarum, markedly stimulated both fungal root colonization and blumenin accumulation, thus, acting as mycorrhiza-helper bacteria (MHB). Application of blumenin itself strongly inhibited fungal colonization and arbuscule formation at early stages of mycorrhiza development. This was associated with a markedly reduced accumulation of the hydroxycinnamate amides 4-coumaroylputrescine and -agmatine. The results suggest that both the isoprenoid and the phenylpropanoid metabolism are closely linked to the developmental stage and the extent of fungal colonization. Their possible involvement in the regulation of mycorrhiza development is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 472-477 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words QTL ; Ear emergence time ; Plant height ; Recombinant substitution line ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Chromosome 5A of wheat carries major gene loci for agronomic traits including the vernalization requirement (Vrn-A1) and ear morphology (Q). To determine whether the genetic variation for ear emergence time and plant height is attributable to either of these major genes as pleiotropic effects or independent QTL, we combined a RFLP map constructed from 120 recombinant substitution lines derived from a cross between ‘Chinese Spring’ (Cappelle-Desprez 5A) and CS(Triticum spelta 5A) with data collected from field trials over 3 years. For ear emergence time the main effects on flowering time were by Vrn-A1 and QEet.ocs-5A.1, the latter a QTL in the 28.6-cM Xcdo584/Q interval linked to Q by less than 10 cM. The CS(T. spelta 5A) allele at QEet.ocs-5A.1 contributed to an earlier ear emergence time by 2.7–6.0 days, which was approximately equal to the effects of Vrn-A1. For plant height, three QTLs were identified on the long arm and linked in repulsion. The CS(T. spelta 5A) allele at Vrn-A1 or closely linked to Xfba068 contributed to a height reduction of 3.5–6.1 cm, whereas both the Q allele and Qt.ocs-5A.1 allele within the Xcdo1088/Xbcd9 interval from CS(Cappelle-Desprez 5A) produced a shorter plant. When plant height was partitioned into culm length and ear length, the Vrn-A1 allele and CS(Cappelle-Desprez 5A) allele at QCl.ocs-5A.1 within the Xcd1088/Xbcd9 interval were found to contribute to a shorter culm. CS(T. spelta 5A) allele at q was a major determinant of a long ear, together with minor effects at QEl.ocs-5A.1 within the Xcdo1088/Xbcd9 interval.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Erysiphe graminis ; Powdery mildew resistance ; QTL ; Triticum aestivum ; Triticum spelta
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Powdery mildew is one of the major diseases of wheat in regions with a maritime or semi-continental climate and can strongly affect grain yield. The attempt to control powdery mildew with major resistance genes (Pm genes) has not provided a durable resistance. Breeding for quantitative resistance to powdery mildew is more promising, but is difficult to select on a phenotypic basis. In this study, we mapped and characterised quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for adult-plant powdery mildew resistance in a segregating population of 226 recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross of the Swiss wheat variety Forno with the Swiss spelt variety Oberkulmer. Forno possibly contains the Pm5 gene and showed good adult-plant resistance in the field. Oberkulmer does not have any known Pm gene and showed a moderate susceptible reaction. Powdery mildew resistance was assessed in field trials at two locations in 1995 and at three locations in 1996. The high heritability (h2=0.97) for powdery mildew resistance suggests that the environmental influence did not affect the resistance phenotype to a great extent. QTL analysis was based on a genetic map containing 182 loci with 23 linkage groups (2469 cM). With the method of composite interval mapping 18 QTLs for powdery mildew resistance were detected, explaining 77% of the phenotypic variance in a simultaneous fit. Two QTLs with major effects were consistent over all five environments. One of them corresponds to the Pm5 locus derived from Forno on chromosome 7B. The other QTL on 5A, was derived from the spelt variety Oberkulmer and did not correspond to any known Pm gene. In addition, five QTLs were consistent over three environments, and six QTLs over two environments. The QTL at the Pm5 locus showed a large effect, although virulent races for Pm5 were present in the mixture of isolates. Molecular markers linked with QTLs for adult-plant resistance offer the possibility of simultaneous marker-assisted selection for major and minor genes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Aegilops tauschii ; Triticum aestivum ; Genetic mapping ; Molecular markers ; Agronomically important genes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Aegilops tauschii is the diploid D-genome progenitor of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell, 2n=6x=42, AABBDD). A genetic linkage map of the Ae. tauschii genome was constructed, composed of 546 loci. One hundred and thirty two loci (24%) gave distorted segregation ratios. Sixty nine probes (13%) detected multiple copies in the genome. One hundred and twenty three of the 157 markers shared between the Ae. tauschii genetic and T. aestivum physical maps were colinear. The discrepancy in the order of five markers on the Ae. tauschii 3DS genetic map versus the T. aestivum 3D physical map indicated a possible inversion. Further work is needed to verify the discrepancies in the order of markers on the 4D, 5D and 7D Ae. tauschii genetic maps versus the physical and genetic maps of T. aestivum. Using common markers, 164 agronomically important genes were assigned to specific regions on Ae. tauschii linkage, and T. aestivum physical, maps. This information may be useful for map-based cloning and marker-assisted plant breeding.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 1171-1182 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Lodging ; Morphological traits ; QTL ; Triticum aestivum ; Triticum spelta
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  Lodging can strongly affect both the grain yield and the quality of wheat. Lodging represents a quantitative trait and is difficult to assess on a phenotypic basis. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) could therefore become an important tool in breeding for lodging resistance. In this study, we mapped and characterised quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for lodging resistance, as well as morphological traits correlated with lodging, in a segregating population of 226 recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross of the lodging-resistant wheat variety Forno with the susceptible spelt variety Oberkulmer. Lodging, plant height, leaf width, leaf-growth habit, culm stiffness, culm swinging, culm thickness, days to ear emergence and days to flowering were assessed in field trials at two locations in 1996 and at one location in 1997. Additionally, at one location weight and length parameters were also assessed. Plant height and culm stiffness explained 77% of the phenotypic variance of lodging in a multiple regression model over all three environments. QTL analysis of lodging and morphological parameters was based on a genetic map containing 230 loci with 23 linkage groups (2469 cM). With the method of composite interval mapping nine QTLs for lodging resistance were detected, explaining 63% of the phenotypic variance in a simultaneous fit. Seven of these QTLs coincided with QTLs for morphological traits, reflecting the correlations between these traits and lodging. In our population the most efficient way to improve lodging resistance would be by a combination of indirect selection on plant height and culm stiffness together with MAS on the two QTLs for lodging resistance which did not coincide with QTLs for morphological traits.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 1248-1252 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Wheat ; Chromosome sorting ; Chromosome isolation ; Aneuploids ; Triticum aestivum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  We are reporting the successful isolation of wheat chromosome arm 1DS by flow cytometry. A chromosome suspension was prepared for the 1DS ditelosomic line and the normal ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) by chopping 2-day-old root tip meristems, synchronized by hydroxyurea, in HEPES-magnesium sulfate buffer containing propidium iodide. Chromosomes were analyzed and sorted with a FACS Vantage flow cytometer and cell sorter. An extra peak was observed in the flow karyotype of the ditelosomic line that was absent in ‘CS’. The estimated size of chromosomes from the extra peak matched with the expected size of chromosome 1DS. Chromosomes from the putative 1DS peak were analyzed by both fluorescent microscopy and N-banding analysis. A total of 571 chromosomes from two separate experiments were analyzed, and all were observed to be telosomics except for 2 which were broken. About 82% of these telosomics showed the diagnostic N-band of 1DS, the remaining were unbanded and are probably also 1DS. This strategy can also be used to sort other wheat arms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 772-784 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Transgenic wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; Tritordeum ; Transgene inheritance ; Marker gene stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The stability and heritability of three marker genes was investigated in a population of twelve independent transgenic cereal lines (six wheat and six tritordeum). Integration patterns, inheritance of structural transgenes and inheritance of expression were analysed in the T0 and T1 generations for all 12 lines. Transmission and expression were analysed in the T2 generation for 9 lines and in the T3 generation for the six wheat lines. Inheritance of integration patterns was highly stable, and transmission of the transgenes and inheritance of their expression followed Mendelian ratios in the majority of lines. A gradual reduction in uidA expression was observed over three generations, which was not accompanied by a similar reduction in bar expression. Some unexpected phenomena associated with transgene inheritance were also observed and are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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