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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping: a physical mapping strategy for plant species with large complex genomes (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 252 (1996), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) ; Interphase mapping ; Physical mapping ; Maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The chromatin in interphase nuclei is much less condensed than are metaphase chromosomes, making the resolving power of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) two orders of magnitude higher in interphase nuclei than on metaphase chromosomes. In mammalian species it has been demonstrated that within a certain range the interphase distance between two FISH sites can be used to estimate the linear DNA distance between the two probes. The interphase mapping strategy has never been applied in plant species, mainly because of the low sensitivity of the FISH technique on plant chromosomes. Using a CCD (charge-coupled device) camera system, we demonstrate that DNA probes in the 4 to 8 kb range can be detected on both metaphase and interphase chromosomes in maize. DNA probes pA1-Lc and pSh2.5⋅SstISalI, which contain the maize loci a1 and sh2, respectively, and are separated by 140 kb, completely overlapped on metaphase chromosomes. However, when the two probes were mapped in interphase nuclei, the FISH signals were well separated from each other in 86% of the FISH sites analyzed. The average interphase distance between the two probes was 0.50 μm. This result suggests that the resolving power of interphase FISH mapping in plant species can be as little as 100 kb. We also mapped the interphase locations of another pair of probes, ksu3/4 and ksu16, which span the Rp1 complex controlling rust resistance of maize. Probes ksu3/4 and ksu16 were mapped genetically approximately 4 cM apart and their FISH signals were also overlapped on metaphase chromosomes. These two probes were separated by an average of 2.32 μm in interphase nuclei. The possibility of estimating the linear DNA distance between ksu3/4 and ksu16 is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02172395
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New 18S·26S ribosomal RNA gene loci: chromosomal landmarks for the evolution of polyploid wheats (1994)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 103 (1994), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three new 18S·26S rRNA gene loci were identified in common wheat by sequential N-banding and in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis. Locus Nor-A7 is located at the terminal area of the long arm of 5A in both diploid and polyploid wheats. Locus Nor-B6 is located in N-band 1BL2.5 of the long arm of chromosome 1B in Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum. ISH sites, similar to Nor-B6, were also detected on the long arms of chromosomes 1G in Triticum timopheevii and 1S in Aegilops speltoides, but their locations on the chromosomes were different from that of Nor-B6, indicating possible chromosome rearrangements in 1GL and 1BL during evolution. The third new locus, Nor-D8, was only found on the short arm of chromosome 3D in the common wheat Wichita. The loss of rRNA gene locus Nor-A3 and gain of repetitive DNA sequence pSc119 on the terminal part of 5AS suggest a structural modification of 5AS. Comparative studies of the location of the 18S·26S rRNA gene loci in polyploid wheats and putative A and B (G) genome progenitor species support the idea that: (1) Triticum monococcum subsp. urartu is the donor of both the A and At genome of polyploid wheats. (2) Ae. speltoides is closer to the B and G genome of polyploid wheats than Aegilops longissima and is the most probable progenitor of these two genomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368010
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New 18S·26S ribosomal RNA gene loci: chromosomal landmarks for the evolution of polyploid wheats (1994)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 103 (1994), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Three new 18S·26S rRNA gene loci were identified in common wheat by sequential N-banding and in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis. Locus Nor-A7 is located at the terminal area of the long arm of 5A in both diploid and polyploid wheats. Locus Nor-B6 is located in N-band 1BL2.5 of the long arm of chromosome 1B in Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum. ISH sites, similar to Nor-B6, were also detected on the long arms of chromosomes 1G in Triticum timopheevii and 1S in Aegilops speltoides, but their locations on the chromosomes were different from that of Nor-B6, indicating possible chromosome rearrangements in 1GL and 1BL during evolution. The third new locus, Nor-D8, was only found on the short arm of chromosome 3D in the common wheat Wichita. The loss of rRNA gene locus Nor-A3 and gain of repetitive DNA sequence pSc119 on the terminal part of 5AS suggest a structural modification of 5AS. Comparative studies of the location of the 18S·26S rRNA gene loci in polyploid wheats and putative A and B (G) genome progenitor species support the idea that: (1) Triticum monococcum subsp. urartu is the donor of both the A and At genome of polyploid wheats. (2) Ae. speltoides is closer to the B and G genome of polyploid wheats than Aegilops longissima and is the most probable progenitor of these two genomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368010
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The identification of rye trisomics by translocations and Giemsa staining (1977)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 62 (1977), S. 279-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By the Giemsa C-banding of six rye (Secale cereale) trisomics and by crossing them to translocation tester stocks it was possible to identify the trisomics and the tester stocks so that their correspondence to the wheat homoeologous groups could be established. The Heines Hellkorn trisomics 1/23, 4/11, 4/9, 1/19, 1/21 and 3/23 were found to correspond to Sears' Chinese Spring/Imperial additions E, G, C, A, F and D respectively. These additions most probably correspond to the wheat homoeologous groups 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286049
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A ‘zebra’ chromosome arising from multiple translocations involving non-homologous chromosomes (1993)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 102 (1993), S. 612-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An alloplasmic wheat line carrying a ‘zebra’ chromosome z5A was isolated from the derivatives of an Elymus trachycaulus x Triticum aestivum cv Chinese Spring hybrid. Chromosome z5A was named zebra because of its striped genomic in situ hybridization pattern. z5A consists of four chromosome segments derived from E. trachycaulus and four chromosome segments, including the centromere, from wheat. The short arm of z5A paired with the telocentric chromosome 1HtS of E. trachycaulus and the long arm with the long arm of normal 5A. z5A also carried several genetic markers derived from 1HtS. Chromosome 1Ht was the only E. trachycaulus chromosome found in the sib plants of a previous generation from which z5A was derived. Monosomic 5A and telocentric chromosome 5AL were also found in most of the sib plants. The zebra chromosome most probably originated from spontaneous multiple translocations between chromosomes 5A and 1HtS or 5A and 1Ht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic karyotype, heterochromatin distribution, and nature of chromosome differentiation in common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em Thell (1984)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 89 (1984), S. 361-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Heterochromatin distribution and structural differentiation of somatic chromosomes of five common wheat cultivars — Chinese Spring, Wichita, Cheyenne, Timstein, and Hope — were studied by an acetocarmine/N-banding technique. Detailed morphological observations on acetocarmine stained somatic chromosomes of Chinese Spring were made on all A genome chromosomes (except 1A), all B genome chromosomes, and chromosomes 1D, 2D, and 7D. N-banding patterns of chromosomes 2A, 3A, 5A, 6A, 1D, 2D, and 7D were described for the first time. Substitution lines of 21 individual chromosomes each of Cheyenne, Timstein, and Hope in Chinese Spring were analyzed by N-banding. A high frequency of N-band polymorphism was observed, especially for most of the B genome chromosomes. Chromosomes 3A, 5A, 2D, and 7D showed a constant banding pattern. Three cases of doubtful substitutions, Hope 2A, 2B, and Timstein 7A, and several cases of incomplete and chromosomally modified substitutions were observed. The reduced level of chromosome pairing that is often observed in intercultivar hybrids of wheat may be due to heterochromatic differentiation, genic and structural heterozygosity, or hybrid dysgenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331253
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introgression ofElymus trachycaulus chromatin into common wheat (1994)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 2 (1994), S. 3-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: Elymus trachycaulus ; introgression ; molecular cytogenetics ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A number of wheat—Elymus trachycaulus (2n= 4x= 28, genomically StStHtHt) chromosome addition, substitution, and translocation lines were isolated from the derivatives of anE. trachycaulus × wheat hybrid. Eighteen out of a total of 28 chromosome arms ofE. trachycaulus were recovered in the addition lines. The genomic affinity of individualE. trachycaulus chromosomes was analysed by comparative chromosome banding andin situ hybridization using genome-specific repetitive DNA sequences as probes. The homoeology of theE. trachycaulus chromosomes added to wheat was determined by storage protein, isozyme, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Alloplasmic wheat—E. trachycaulus chromosome additions were isolated which only involved chromosome 1Ht and 1St that carry fertility restoration geneRf-H t1 andRf-S t1, respectively. Based on the results of production and characterization of a wheat—E. trachycaulus 5Ht(5B) substitution line, it is likely that some wheat chromosomes can be well compensated genetically byE. trachycaulus chromosomes. Several spontaneous wheat—E. trachycaulus chromosome translocation lines were detected. All the translocation lines involved either 1Ht or 1St. To estimate the potential of recombination between wheat andE. trachycaulus chromosomes, a backcross population derived from a plant which was double monosomic for chromosomes 7A and 7AL·7AS—1StS and aph1b gene was developed. The plants from this population were analysed for 1St-specific genetic markers and no recombinant was recovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539447
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meiotic metaphase I pairing behavior of a 5BL recombinant isochromosome in wheat (2000)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 8 (2000), S. 671-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: meiotic metaphase I pairing ; recombinant isochromosome ; Triticum aestivum ; Triticum dicoccoides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A recombinant isochromosome i5BLrec of wheat was developed with one arm and the proximal 36% of the other arm of Chinese Spring (CS) origin and the distal 64% of the recombined arm of Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides origin. The i5BLrec} provides an unusual opportunity to analyze the role of the centromere or arm heterozygosity in chromosome prealignment and synapsis during meiosis. In monosomic condition, the i5BLrec formed a ring univalent in 86.8% of the pollen mother cells (PMCs) at meiotic metaphase I. In the disomic condition, the two i5BLrec preferentially paired as a normal bivalent in 74.8% of the PMCs, which differed significantly (p〈0.01) from the normal bivalent pairing of 51% observed in diisosomic 5BL chromosomes of the CS (Di5BLCS) control plants. In plants with one i5BLrec and a normal 5BCS, the long arm of 5BCS paired with the homologous arm of i5BLrec in 54.4% of the PMCs, and 40.4% of the PMCs had a 5BCS univalent and a i5BLrec ring univalent. The implications of the i5BLrec pairing data on the mechanism of Ph1 gene action are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026785119376
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different species-specific chromosome translocations inTriticum timopheevii andT. turgidum support the diphyletic origin of polyploid wheats (1994)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 2 (1994), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: evolution ; polyploid wheat ; species-specific translocation ; Triticum timopheevii ; Triticum turgidum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Triticum timopheevii ssp.timopheevii andT. timopheevii ssp.araraticum were analysed by sequential N-banding and genomicin situ hybridization. Three chromosomes, 6At, 1G and 4G, were involved in At-G intergenomic translocations in all six lines analysed. These chromosomes may be derived from a cyclic translocation that is species-specific toT. timopheevii. In contrast,Triticum turgidum has a species-specific cyclic translocation involving chromosomes 4A, 5A and 7B. The discovery of different species-specific chromosome translocations supports the diphyletic hypothesis of the evolution of tetraploid wheats. The results from genomic blocking analysis also revealed that the chromosomes ofAegilops speltoides are closer to the G genome than the B genome chromosomes. The possible role of speciesspecific translocations in the evolution of wheat is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539455
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent advances in alien gene transfer in wheat (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 73 (1993), S. 199-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: wheat ; Triticum spp. ; gene pool ; wide hybridization ; chromosome translocation ; alien gene transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The recent advances in alien gene transfer from distantly-related species into wheat are reviewed in the present paper. The main achievements during the last ten years include the great expansion of the range of wide hybridization and development of new techniques for production and characterization of wheat-alien chromosome translocations. Updated results of wide hybridization since 1983 and comprehensive characterization of wheat-alien translocation lines in our laboratory are compiled. The future outlook for alien gene transfer in wheat is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036700
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