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  • Nature Publishing Group
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 2010-2014  (10,363)
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  • 1
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    Climate warming during Antarctic ice sheet expansion at the Middle Miocene transition (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Nature Publishing Group, 7(5), pp. 376-381, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-14
    Description: During the Middle Miocene climate transition about 14 million years ago, the Antarctic ice sheet expanded to near-modern volume. Surprisingly, this ice sheet growth was accompanied by a warming in the surface waters of the Southern Ocean, whereas a slight deep-water temperature increase was delayed by more than 200 thousand years. Here we use a coupled atmosphere–ocean model to assess the relative effects of changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and ice sheet growth on regional and global temperatures. In the simulations, changes in the wind field associated with the growth of the ice sheet induce changes in ocean circulation, deep-water formation and sea-ice cover that result in sea surface warming and deep-water cooling in large swaths of the Atlantic and Indian ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean. We interpret these changes as the dominant ocean surface response to a 100-thousand-year phase of massive ice growth in Antarctica. A rise in global annual mean temperatures is also seen in response to increased Antarctic ice surface elevation. In contrast, the longer-term surface and deep-water temperature trends are dominated by changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration. We therefore conclude that the climatic and oceanographic impacts of the Miocene expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet are governed by a complex interplay between wind field, ocean circulation and the sea-ice system.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    A shift of thermokarst lakes from carbon sources to sinks during the Holocene epoch (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-17
    Description: Thermokarst lakes formed across vast regions of Siberia and Alaska during the last deglaciation and are thought to be a net source of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide during the Holocene epoch1, 2, 3, 4. However, the same thermokarst lakes can also sequester carbon5, and it remains uncertain whether carbon uptake by thermokarst lakes can offset their greenhouse gas emissions. Here we use field observations of Siberian permafrost exposures, radiocarbon dating and spatial analyses to quantify Holocene carbon stocks and fluxes in lake sediments overlying thawed Pleistocene-aged permafrost. We find that carbon accumulation in deep thermokarst-lake sediments since the last deglaciation is about 1.6 times larger than the mass of Pleistocene-aged permafrost carbon released as greenhouse gases when the lakes first formed. Although methane and carbon dioxide emissions following thaw lead to immediate radiative warming, carbon uptake in peat-rich sediments occurs over millennial timescales. We assess thermokarst-lake carbon feedbacks to climate with an atmospheric perturbation model and find that thermokarst basins switched from a net radiative warming to a net cooling climate effect about 5,000 years ago. High rates of Holocene carbon accumulation in 20 lake sediments (47 ± 10 grams of carbon per square metre per year; mean ± standard error) were driven by thermokarst erosion and deposition of terrestrial organic matter, by nutrient release from thawing permafrost that stimulated lake productivity and by slow decomposition in cold, anoxic lake bottoms. When lakes eventually drained, permafrost formation rapidly sequestered sediment carbon. Our estimate of about 160 petagrams of Holocene organic carbon in deep lake basins of Siberia and Alaska increases the circumpolar peat carbon pool estimate for permafrost regions by over 50 per cent (ref. 6). The carbon in perennially frozen drained lake sediments may become vulnerable to mineralization as permafrost disappears7, 8, 9, potentially negating the climate stabilization provided by thermokarst lakes during the late Holocene.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 3
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    Abrupt glacial climate shifts controlled by ice sheet changes (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 512(7514), pp. 290-294, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-04
    Description: During glacial periods of the Late Pleistocene, an abundance of proxy data demonstrates the existence of large and repeated millennial-scale warming episodes, known as Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events1. This ubiquitous feature of rapid glacial climate change can be extended back as far as 800,000 years before present (BP) in the ice core record2, and has drawn broad attention within the science and policy-making communities alike3. Many studies have been dedicated to investigating the underlying causes of these changes, but no coherent mechanism has yet been identified3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Here we show, by using a comprehensive fully coupled model16, that gradual changes in the height of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (NHISs) can alter the coupled atmosphere–ocean system and cause rapid glacial climate shifts closely resembling DO events. The simulated global climate responses—including abrupt warming in the North Atlantic, a northward shift of the tropical rainbelts, and Southern Hemisphere cooling related to the bipolar seesaw—are generally consistent with empirical evidence1, 3, 17. As a result of the coexistence of two glacial ocean circulation states at intermediate heights of the ice sheets, minor changes in the height of the NHISs and the amount of atmospheric CO2 can trigger the rapid climate transitions via a local positive atmosphere–ocean–sea-ice feedback in the North Atlantic. Our results, although based on a single model, thus provide a coherent concept for understanding the recorded millennial-scale variability and abrupt climate changes in the coupled atmosphere–ocean system, as well as their linkages to the volume of the intermediate ice sheets during glacials.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 4
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    Ups and downs in western Crete (Hellenic subduction zone) (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Studies of past sea-level markers are commonly used to unveil the tectonic history and seismic behavior of subduction zones. We present new evidence on vertical motions of the Hellenic subduction zone as resulting from a suite of Late Pleistocene - Holocene shorelines in western Crete (Greece). Shoreline ages obtained by AMS radiocarbon dating of seashells, together with the reappraisal of shoreline ages from previous works, testify a long-term uplift rate of 2.5-2.7 mm/y. This average value, however, includes periods in which the vertical motions vary significantly: 2.6-3.2 mm/y subsidence rate from 42 ka to 23 ka, followed by ~7.7 mm/y sustained uplift rate from 23 ka to present. The last ~5 ky shows a relatively slower uplift rate of 3.0-3.3 mm/y, yet slightly higher than the long-term average. A preliminary tectonic model attempts at explaining these up and down motions by across-strike partitioning of fault activity in the subduction zone.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5677
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: coastal geomorphology ; tectonic rates ; paleoshorelines ; subduction ; Crete ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Lava flow hazards at Mount Etna: constraints imposed by eruptive history and numerical simulations (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Improving lava flow hazard assessment is one of the most important and challenging fields of volcanology, and has an immediate and practical impact on society. Here, we present a methodology for the quantitative assessment of lava flow hazards based on a combination of field data, numerical simulations and probability analyses. With the extensive data available on historic eruptions of Mt. Etna, going back over 2000 years, it has been possible to construct two hazard maps, one for flank and the other for summit eruptions, allowing a quantitative analysis of the most likely future courses of lava flows. The effective use of hazard maps of Etna may help in minimizing the damage from volcanic eruptions through correct land use in densely urbanized area with a population of almost one million people. Although this study was conducted on Mt. Etna, the approach used is designed to be applicable to other volcanic areas.
    Description: This work was developed within the framework of TecnoLab, the Laboratory for Technological Advance in Volcano Geophysics organized by INGV-CT, DIEES-UNICT, and DMI-UNICT.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3493
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Lava flow hazard ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Minimal change in Antarctic Circumpolar Current flow speed between the last glacial and Holocene (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Nature Publishing Group, 7(2), pp. 113-116, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-10
    Description: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is key to the mixing and ventilation of the world’s oceans1, 2, 3, 4, 5. This current flows from west to east between about 45° and 70° S (refs 1, 2, 3) connecting the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, and is driven by westerly winds and buoyancy forcing. High levels of productivity in the current regulate atmospheric CO2 concentrations6. Reconstructions of the current during the last glacial period suggest that flow speeds were faster7 or similar8 to present, and it is uncertain whether the strength and position of the westerly winds changed9, 10, 11. Here we reconstruct Antarctic Circumpolar Current bottom speeds through the constricting Drake Passage and Scotia Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene based on the mean grain size of sortable silt from a suite of sediment cores. We find essentially no change in bottom flow speeds through the region, and, given that the momentum imparted by winds, and modulated by sea-ice cover, is balanced by the interaction of these flows with the seabed, this argues against substantial changes in wind stress. However, glacial flow speeds in the sea-ice zone12 south of 56° S were significantly slower than present, whereas flow in the north was faster, but not significantly so. We suggest that slower flow over the rough topography south of 56° S may have reduced diapycnal mixing in this region during the last glacial period, possibly reducing the diapycnal contribution to the Southern Ocean overturning circulation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 7
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    Networks from Flows - From Dynamics to Topology (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 4(4119), ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Complex network approaches have recently been applied to continuous spatial dynamical systems, like climate, successfully uncovering the system's interaction structure. However the relationship between the underlying atmospheric or oceanic flow's dynamics and the estimated network measures have remained largely unclear. We bridge this crucial gap in a bottom-up approach and define a continuous analytical analogue of Pearson correlation networks for advection-diffusion dynamics on a background flow. Analysing complex networks of prototypical flows and from time series data of the equatorial Pacific, we find that our analytical model reproduces the most salient features of these networks and thus provides a general foundation of climate networks. The relationships we obtain between velocity field and network measures show that line-like structures of high betweenness mark transition zones in the flow rather than, as previously thought, the propagation of dynamical information.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
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    Identification of photosynthetic plankton communities using sedimentary ancient DNA and their response to late-Holocene climate change on the Tibetan Plateau (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014]. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 6648, doi:10.1038/srep06648.
    Description: Sediments from Tibetan lakes in NW China are potentially sensitive recorders of climate change and its impact on ecosystem function. However, the important plankton members in many Tibetan Lakes do not make and leave microscopically diagnostic features in the sedimentary record. Here we established a taxon-specific molecular approach to specifically identify and quantify sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) of non-fossilized planktonic organisms preserved in a 5-m sediment core from Kusai Lake spanning the last 3100 years. The reliability of the approach was validated with multiple independent genetic markers. Parallel analyses of the geochemistry of the core and paleo-climate proxies revealed that Monsoon strength-driven changes in nutrient availability, temperature, and salinity as well as orbitally-driven changes in light intensity were all responsible for the observed temporal changes in the abundance of two dominant phytoplankton groups in the lake, Synechococcus (cyanobacteria) and Isochrysis (haptophyte algae). Collectively our data show that global and regional climatic events exhibited a strong influence on the paleoecology of phototrophic plankton in Kusai Lake.
    Description: This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41030211 and 41302022), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB808800), and State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Nos GBL11410 and GBL11201).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
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    Permafrost thawing as a possible source of abrupt carbon release at the onset of the Bølling/Allerød (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 5, pp. 5520, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-13
    Description: One of the most abrupt and yet unexplained past rises in atmospheric CO2 (〉10 p.p.m.v. in two centuries) occurred in quasi-synchrony with abrupt northern hemispheric warming into the Bølling/Allerød, ~14,600 years ago. Here we use a U/Th-dated record of atmospheric Δ14C from Tahiti corals to provide an independent and precise age control for this CO2 rise. We also use model simulations to show that the release of old (nearly 14C-free) carbon can explain these changes in CO2 and Δ14C. The Δ14C record provides an independent constraint on the amount of carbon released (~125 Pg C). We suggest, in line with observations of atmospheric CH4 and terrigenous biomarkers, that thawing permafrost in high northern latitudes could have been the source of carbon, possibly with contribution from flooding of the Siberian continental shelf during meltwater pulse 1A. Our findings highlight the potential of the permafrost carbon reservoir to modulate abrupt climate changes via greenhouse-gas feedbacks.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    Antarctic-wide array of high-resolution ice core records reveals pervasive lead pollution began in 1889 and persists today (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 4, pp. 5848, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Interior Antarctica is among the most remote places on Earth and was thought to be beyond the reach of human impacts when Amundsen and Scott raced to the South Pole in 1911. Here we show detailed measurements from an extensive array of 16 ice cores quantifying substantial toxic heavy metal lead pollution at South Pole and throughout Antarctica by 1889 – beating polar explorers by more than 22 years. Unlike the Arctic where lead pollution peaked in the 1970s, lead pollution in Antarctica was as high in the early 20th century as at any time since industrialization. The similar timing and magnitude of changes in lead deposition across Antarctica, as well as the characteristic isotopic signature of Broken Hill lead found throughout the continent, suggest that this single emission source in southern Australia was responsible for the introduction of lead pollution into Antarctica at the end of the 19th century and remains a significant source today. An estimated 660 t of industrial lead have been deposited over Antarctica during the past 130 years as a result of mid-latitude industrial emissions, with regional-to-global scale circulation likely modulating aerosol concentrations. Despite abatement efforts, significant lead pollution in Antarctica persists into the 21st century.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    Virtual finger boosts three-dimensional imaging and microsurgery as well as terabyte volume image visualization and analysis (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 4342, doi:10.1038/ncomms5342.
    Description: Three-dimensional (3D) bioimaging, visualization and data analysis are in strong need of powerful 3D exploration techniques. We develop virtual finger (VF) to generate 3D curves, points and regions-of-interest in the 3D space of a volumetric image with a single finger operation, such as a computer mouse stroke, or click or zoom from the 2D-projection plane of an image as visualized with a computer. VF provides efficient methods for acquisition, visualization and analysis of 3D images for roundworm, fruitfly, dragonfly, mouse, rat and human. Specifically, VF enables instant 3D optical zoom-in imaging, 3D free-form optical microsurgery, and 3D visualization and annotation of terabytes of whole-brain image volumes. VF also leads to orders of magnitude better efficiency of automated 3D reconstruction of neurons and similar biostructures over our previous systems. We use VF to generate from images of 1,107 Drosophila GAL4 lines a projectome of a Drosophila brain.
    Description: This work was mainly supported by Howard Hughes Medical Institute. H.P. is currently supported by the Allen Institute for Brain Science. R.W.T. and A.M. were supported by a grant MH071739 (MERIT).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 12
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    Eruption of a deep-sea mud volcano triggers rapid sediment movement (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 5385, doi:10.1038/ncomms6385.
    Description: Submarine mud volcanoes are important sources of methane to the water column. However, the temporal variability of their mud and methane emissions is unknown. Methane emissions were previously proposed to result from a dynamic equilibrium between upward migration and consumption at the seabed by methane-consuming microbes. Here we show non-steady-state situations of vigorous mud movement that are revealed through variations in fluid flow, seabed temperature and seafloor bathymetry. Time series data for pressure, temperature, pH and seafloor photography were collected over 431 days using a benthic observatory at the active Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano. We documented 25 pulses of hot subsurface fluids, accompanied by eruptions that changed the landscape of the mud volcano. Four major events triggered rapid sediment uplift of more than a metre in height, substantial lateral flow of muds at average velocities of 0.4 m per day, and significant emissions of methane and CO2 from the seafloor.
    Description: Participation of the Sentry AUV and TETHYS team from WHOI was funded by the Arctic Research Initiative of WHOI’s Ocean and Climate Change Institute and the NASA ASTEP grant NNX09AB76G. Additional funds were made available by the AWI, the Max Planck Society and the DFG METEOR/MERIAN programme, as well as the Leibniz programme to A.B.
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  • 13
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    Intensification of the meridional temperature gradient in the Great Barrier Reef following the Last Glacial Maximum (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 4102, doi:10.1038/ncomms5102.
    Description: Tropical south-western Pacific temperatures are of vital importance to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), but the role of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the growth of the GBR since the Last Glacial Maximum remains largely unknown. Here we present records of Sr/Ca and δ18O for Last Glacial Maximum and deglacial corals that show a considerably steeper meridional SST gradient than the present day in the central GBR. We find a 1–2 °C larger temperature decrease between 17° and 20°S about 20,000 to 13,000 years ago. The result is best explained by the northward expansion of cooler subtropical waters due to a weakening of the South Pacific gyre and East Australian Current. Our findings indicate that the GBR experienced substantial meridional temperature change during the last deglaciation, and serve to explain anomalous deglacial drying of northeastern Australia. Overall, the GBR developed through significant SST change and may be more resilient than previously thought.
    Description: Funding was provided by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FE 615/4-1), Australian Research Council (Discovery grant DP1094001), Australia and New Zealand IODP Consortium, Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Natural Environmental Research Council (NE/H014136/1, NE/H014268/1), the Cooperative Research Program of the Center for Advanced Marine Core Research (10B039, 11A013, 11B041), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India (with partial support from DST & ISRO-GBP) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS NEXT-GR031).
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  • 14
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    Counting whales in a challenging, changing environment (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 4170, doi:10.1038/srep04170.
    Description: Estimating abundance of Antarctic minke whales is central to the International Whaling Commission's conservation and management work and understanding impacts of climate change on polar marine ecosystems. Detecting abundance trends is problematic, in part because minke whales are frequently sighted within Antarctic sea ice where navigational safety concerns prevent ships from surveying. Using icebreaker-supported helicopters, we conducted aerial surveys across a gradient of ice conditions to estimate minke whale density in the Weddell Sea. The surveys revealed substantial numbers of whales inside the sea ice. The Antarctic summer sea ice is undergoing rapid regional change in annual extent, distribution, and length of ice-covered season. These trends, along with substantial interannual variability in ice conditions, affect the proportion of whales available to be counted by traditional shipboard surveys. The strong association between whales and the dynamic, changing sea ice requires reexamination of the power to detect trends in whale abundance or predict ecosystem responses to climate change.
    Description: This work received funding from the following institutions: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI); Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (EL & I); German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV); German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU); the Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (Wageningen IMARES); Johann Heinrich von Thu¨nen Institute (Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries); the Netherlands Polar Programme (NPP) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NOW); Research and Technology Centre Westcoast (FTZ) of the University Kiel. RW was funded by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (proposal Nu 253407 (call reference: FP7- PEOPLE-2009-IIF).
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  • 15
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    MIxS-BE : a MIxS extension defining a minimum information standard for sequence data from the built environment (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in ISME Journal 8 (2014): 1-3, doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.176.
    Description: The need for metadata standards for microbe sampling in the built environment.
    Description: We would like to thank the Alfred P Sloan Foundation grant FP047325-01-PR for support for this project.
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  • 16
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    A reversal of fortunes : climate change ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ in Antarctic Peninsula penguins (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 5024, doi:10.1038/srep05024.
    Description: Climate change is a major threat to global biodiversity. Antarctic ecosystems are no exception. Investigating past species responses to climatic events can distinguish natural from anthropogenic impacts. Climate change produces ‘winners’, species that benefit from these events and ‘losers’, species that decline or become extinct. Using molecular techniques, we assess the demographic history and population structure of Pygoscelis penguins in the Scotia Arc related to climate warming after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). All three pygoscelid penguins responded positively to post-LGM warming by expanding from glacial refugia, with those breeding at higher latitudes expanding most. Northern (Pygoscelis papua papua) and Southern (Pygoscelis papua ellsworthii) gentoo sub-species likely diverged during the LGM. Comparing historical responses with the literature on current trends, we see Southern gentoo penguins are responding to current warming as they did during post-LGM warming, expanding their range southwards. Conversely, Adélie and chinstrap penguins are experiencing a ‘reversal of fortunes’ as they are now declining in the Antarctic Peninsula, the opposite of their response to post-LGM warming. This suggests current climate warming has decoupled historic population responses in the Antarctic Peninsula, favoring generalist gentoo penguins as climate change ‘winners’, while Adélie and chinstrap penguins have become climate change ‘losers’.
    Description: We thank the Zoological Society of London, Quark Expeditions, Exodus Travels ltd., Oceanites, the Holly Hill Charitable Trust, the Charities Advisory Trust and an U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs grant (ANT-0739575) for funding.
    Keywords: Climate-change ecology ; Molecular ecology ; Molecular evolution ; Population genetics
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  • 17
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    Horizontal eddy energy flux in the world oceans diagnosed from altimetry data (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 5316, doi:10.1038/srep05316.
    Description: During the propagation of coherent mesoscale eddies, they directly or indirectly induce many effects and interactions at different scales, implying eddies are actually serving as a kind of energy carrier or energy source for these eddy-related dynamic processes. To quantify this dynamically significant energy flow, the multi-year averaged horizontal eddy energy fluxes (EEFs) were estimated by using satellite altimetry data and a two-layer model based on hydrographic climatology. There is a strong net westward transport of eddy energy estimated at the mean value of ~13.3 GW north of 5°N and ~14.6 GW at the band 5°S ~ 44°S in the Southern Hemisphere. However, poleward of 44°S east-propagating eddies carry their energy eastward with an averaged net flux of ~3.2 GW. If confirmed, it would signify that geostrophic eddies not only contain the most of oceanic kinetic energy (KE), but also carry and spread a significant amount of energy with them.
    Description: This study is supported by Grants XDA11010202, 2011CB403505, 2013CB430303; Projects 41306016, U1033002, 40976021 of NNSFC and LTOZZ1304.
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  • 18
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    Oceanography : oxygen and climate dynamics (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Nature Publishing Group for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Nature Climate Change 4 (2014): 862-863, doi:10.1038/nclimate2386.
    Description: Low oxygen levels in tropical oceans shape marine ecosystems and biogeochemistry with climate change expected to expand these regions. Now, a study indicates that regional dynamics control tropical oxygen trends, bucking projected global reductions in ocean oxygen.
    Description: 2015-03-25
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    Extreme diving behaviour in devil rays links surface waters and the deep ocean (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 5 (2014): 4274, doi:10.1038/ncomms5274.
    Description: Ecological connections between surface waters and the deep ocean remain poorly studied despite the high biomass of fishes and squids residing at depths beyond the euphotic zone. These animals likely support pelagic food webs containing a suite of predators that include commercially important fishes and marine mammals. Here we deploy pop-up satellite archival transmitting tags on 15 Chilean devil rays (Mobula tarapacana) in the central North Atlantic Ocean, which provide movement patterns of individuals for up to 9 months. Devil rays were considered surface dwellers but our data reveal individuals descending at speeds up to 6.0 m s−1 to depths of almost 2,000 m and water temperatures 〈4 °C. The shape of the dive profiles suggests that the rays are foraging at these depths in deep scattering layers. Our results provide evidence of an important link between predators in the surface ocean and forage species occupying pelagic habitats below the euphotic zone in ocean ecosystems.
    Description: This research was partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology/Ministry of Education and Science (FCT/MCTES-MEC) through individual support to P.A. (Cieˆncia 2008/POPH/QREN) and J.F. (SFRH/BPD/66532/2009) and the LARSyS Strategic Project (PEst/OE/EEI/LA00009/2011). This study was support by the US National Science Foundation (OCE 0825148 to S.R.T. and G.B.S.), The Harrison Foundation, Rodney and Elizabeth Berens, the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (baseline research funds to M.L.B.) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
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    Antarctic-wide array of high-resolution ice core records reveals pervasive lead pollution began in 1889 and persists today (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 5848, doi:10.1038/srep05848.
    Description: Interior Antarctica is among the most remote places on Earth and was thought to be beyond the reach of human impacts when Amundsen and Scott raced to the South Pole in 1911. Here we show detailed measurements from an extensive array of 16 ice cores quantifying substantial toxic heavy metal lead pollution at South Pole and throughout Antarctica by 1889 – beating polar explorers by more than 22 years. Unlike the Arctic where lead pollution peaked in the 1970s, lead pollution in Antarctica was as high in the early 20th century as at any time since industrialization. The similar timing and magnitude of changes in lead deposition across Antarctica, as well as the characteristic isotopic signature of Broken Hill lead found throughout the continent, suggest that this single emission source in southern Australia was responsible for the introduction of lead pollution into Antarctica at the end of the 19th century and remains a significant source today. An estimated 660 t of industrial lead have been deposited over Antarctica during the past 130 years as a result of mid-latitude industrial emissions, with regional-to-global scale circulation likely modulating aerosol concentrations. Despite abatement efforts, significant lead pollution in Antarctica persists into the 21st century.
    Description: This work primarily was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Division of Polar Programs (research grants 9903744, 0538427, 0538416, 0968391, 1142166, 0632031; instrument grants 0216552, 0421412).
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    How unique was Hurricane Sandy? Sedimentary reconstructions of extreme flooding from New York Harbor (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2014. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Scientific Reports 4 (2014): 7366, doi:10.1038/srep07366.
    Description: The magnitude of flooding in New York City by Hurricane Sandy is commonly believed to be extremely rare, with estimated return periods near or greater than 1000 years. However, the brevity of tide gauge records result in significant uncertainties when estimating the uniqueness of such an event. Here we compare resultant deposition by Hurricane Sandy to earlier storm-induced flood layers in order to extend records of flooding to the city beyond the instrumental dataset. Inversely modeled storm conditions from grain size trends show that a more compact yet more intense hurricane in 1821 CE probably resulted in a similar storm tide and a significantly larger storm surge. Our results indicate the occurrence of additional flood events like Hurricane Sandy in recent centuries, and highlight the inadequacies of the instrumental record in estimating current flood risk by such extreme events.
    Description: Funding for this work was provided by the Hudson River Foundation Expedited Grant #004/12E, the Hudson River Foundation Graduate Fellowship 02–13, the National Science Foundation (RAPID grant #1313859 and instrument and facility support via grant IF-0949313), and the Dalio Explore Fund.
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    Science for lasting peace (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):715. doi: 10.1126/science.1259611.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marcia McNutt is Editor-in-Chief of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124402" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. What's killing the reindeer? (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 7;346(6210):685. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6210.685.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carnivory ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Food Chain ; Lynx ; Mustelidae ; Norway ; Population Dynamics ; *Reindeer
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ebola's perfect storm (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piot, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 12;345(6202):1221. doi: 10.1126/science.1260695.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Peter Piot is director and professor of Global Health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25214580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Western/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Ebola Vaccines ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Poverty
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Materials design. Folding structures out of flat materials (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉You, Zhong -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 8;345(6197):623-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1257841.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX3 0PL, UK. zhong.you@eng.ox.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25104372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    RNA events. Cas9 targeting and the CRISPR revolution (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barrangou, Rodolphe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):707-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1252964.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. rbarran@ncsu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Caspase 9/genetics/*metabolism ; *Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; *DNA Cleavage ; Gene Targeting/*methods ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; RNA, Guide/*genetics ; Streptococcus pyogenes/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Ultrafast switching to a stable hidden quantum state in an electronic crystal (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-12
    Description: Hidden states of matter may be created if a system out of equilibrium follows a trajectory to a state that is inaccessible or does not exist under normal equilibrium conditions. We found such a hidden (H) electronic state in a layered dichalcogenide crystal of 1T-TaS2 (the trigonal phase of tantalum disulfide) reached as a result of a quench caused by a single 35-femtosecond laser pulse. In comparison to other states of the system, the H state exhibits a large drop of electrical resistance, strongly modified single-particle and collective-mode spectra, and a marked change of optical reflectivity. The H state is stable until a laser pulse, electrical current, or thermal erase procedure is applied, causing it to revert to the thermodynamic ground state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stojchevska, L -- Vaskivskyi, I -- Mertelj, T -- Kusar, P -- Svetin, D -- Brazovskii, S -- Mihailovic, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 11;344(6180):177-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1241591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Complex Matter, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24723607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Environmental Economics. Using and improving the social cost of carbon (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pizer, William -- Adler, Matthew -- Aldy, Joseph -- Anthoff, David -- Cropper, Maureen -- Gillingham, Kenneth -- Greenstone, Michael -- Murray, Brian -- Newell, Richard -- Richels, Richard -- Rowell, Arden -- Waldhoff, Stephanie -- Wiener, Jonathan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 5;346(6214):1189-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1259774.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC 20036, USA. william.pizer@duke.edu. ; Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. ; Resources for the Future, Washington, DC 20036, USA. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Resources for the Future, Washington, DC 20036, USA. University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. ; Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. ; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC 20036, USA. ; Electric Power Research Institute, Washington, DC 20036, USA. ; University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61801, USA. ; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/*economics ; Climate Change/*economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *Environment ; Models, Economic ; Socioeconomic Factors
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    Conservation biology. The coming salamander plague (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):530-1. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6209.530.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chytridiomycota ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/*veterinary ; *Endangered Species ; Mycoses/*veterinary ; Urodela/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genetics. A genomic road map for complex human disease (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gregersen, Peter K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1087-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1251426.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 110430, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crohn Disease/*genetics ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology ; *Gene-Environment Interaction ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/*genetics ; Male ; Monocytes/*immunology ; STAT Transcription Factors/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change. Is Atlantic holding Earth's missing heat? (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 22;345(6199):860-1. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6199.860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25146261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Global Warming ; *Greenhouse Effect ; *Hot Temperature
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    Aging. Aging-induced type I interferon response at the choroid plexus negatively affects brain function (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-26
    Description: Aging-associated cognitive decline is affected by factors produced inside and outside the brain. By using multiorgan genome-wide analysis of aged mice, we found that the choroid plexus, an interface between the brain and the circulation, shows a type I interferon (IFN-I)-dependent gene expression profile that was also found in aged human brains. In aged mice, this response was induced by brain-derived signals, present in the cerebrospinal fluid. Blocking IFN-I signaling within the aged brain partially restored cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis and reestablished IFN-II-dependent choroid plexus activity, which is lost in aging. Our data identify a chronic aging-induced IFN-I signature, often associated with antiviral response, at the brain's choroid plexus and demonstrate its negative influence on brain function, thereby suggesting a target for ameliorating cognitive decline in aging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baruch, Kuti -- Deczkowska, Aleksandra -- David, Eyal -- Castellano, Joseph M -- Miller, Omer -- Kertser, Alexander -- Berkutzki, Tamara -- Barnett-Itzhaki, Zohar -- Bezalel, Dana -- Wyss-Coray, Tony -- Amit, Ido -- Schwartz, Michal -- AG045034/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):89-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1252945. Epub 2014 Aug 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. ; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. michal.schwartz@weizmann.ac.il ido.amit@weizmann.ac.il. ; Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. michal.schwartz@weizmann.ac.il ido.amit@weizmann.ac.il.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25147279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/genetics/*pathology ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Choroid Plexus/*metabolism ; *Cognition ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/*genetics ; Interferon Type I/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurogenesis ; Receptors, Interferon/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Central cell-derived peptides regulate early embryo patterning in flowering plants (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-12
    Description: Plant embryogenesis initiates with the establishment of an apical-basal axis; however, the molecular mechanisms accompanying this early event remain unclear. Here, we show that a small cysteine-rich peptide family is required for formation of the zygotic basal cell lineage and proembryo patterning in Arabidopsis. EMBRYO SURROUNDING FACTOR 1 (ESF1) peptides accumulate before fertilization in central cell gametes and thereafter in embryo-surrounding endosperm cells. Biochemical and structural analyses revealed cleavage of ESF1 propeptides to form biologically active mature peptides. Further, these peptides act in a non-cell-autonomous manner and synergistically with the receptor-like kinase SHORT SUSPENSOR to promote suspensor elongation through the YODA mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Our findings demonstrate that the second female gamete and its sexually derived endosperm regulate early embryonic patterning in flowering plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Costa, Liliana M -- Marshall, Eleanor -- Tesfaye, Mesfin -- Silverstein, Kevin A T -- Mori, Masashi -- Umetsu, Yoshitaka -- Otterbach, Sophie L -- Papareddy, Ranjith -- Dickinson, Hugh G -- Boutiller, Kim -- VandenBosch, Kathryn A -- Ohki, Shinya -- Gutierrez-Marcos, Jose F -- BB/F008082/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/L003023/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/L003023/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 11;344(6180):168-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1243005.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24723605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*embryology/genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Body Patterning ; Endosperm/embryology/genetics ; Flowers/*embryology/genetics ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Seeds/*embryology/genetics
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    Hunting a climate fugitive (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 27;344(6191):1472-3. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6191.1472.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24970077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Air Pollutants ; Atmosphere ; Climate Change ; *Methane ; *Natural Gas ; *Oil and Gas Fields
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Carbon cycle. Sunlight controls water column processing of carbon in arctic fresh waters (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-26
    Description: Carbon in thawing permafrost soils may have global impacts on climate change; however, the factors that control its processing and fate are poorly understood. The dominant fate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released from soils to inland waters is either complete oxidation to CO2 or partial oxidation and river export to oceans. Although both processes are most often attributed to bacterial respiration, we found that photochemical oxidation exceeds rates of respiration and accounts for 70 to 95% of total DOC processed in the water column of arctic lakes and rivers. At the basin scale, photochemical processing of DOC is about one-third of the total CO2 released from surface waters and is thus an important component of the arctic carbon budget.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cory, Rose M -- Ward, Collin P -- Crump, Byron C -- Kling, George W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 22;345(6199):925-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1253119.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. rmcory@umich.edu. ; Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25146289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arctic Regions ; Carbon/*chemistry ; *Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide/chemistry ; Fresh Water/*chemistry ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Photochemical Processes ; Soil ; *Sunlight ; Wetlands
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Raising the bar (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 4;345(6192):9. doi: 10.1126/science.1257891.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marcia McNutt is Editor-in-Chief of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24994623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bias (Epidemiology) ; *Editorial Policies ; *Manuscripts as Topic ; Research Design/*statistics & numerical data ; Statistics as Topic/*standards
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Positive feedback within a kinase signaling complex functions as a switch mechanism for NF-kappaB activation (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: A switchlike response in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity implies the existence of a threshold in the NF-kappaB signaling module. We show that the CARD-containing MAGUK protein 1 (CARMA1, also called CARD11)-TAK1 (MAP3K7)-inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaB) kinase-beta (IKKbeta) module is a switch mechanism for NF-kappaB activation in B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Experimental and mathematical modeling analyses showed that IKK activity is regulated by positive feedback from IKKbeta to TAK1, generating a steep dose response to BCR stimulation. Mutation of the scaffolding protein CARMA1 at serine-578, an IKKbeta target, abrogated not only late TAK1 activity, but also the switchlike activation of NF-kappaB in single cells, suggesting that phosphorylation of this residue accounts for the feedback.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shinohara, Hisaaki -- Behar, Marcelo -- Inoue, Kentaro -- Hiroshima, Michio -- Yasuda, Tomoharu -- Nagashima, Takeshi -- Kimura, Shuhei -- Sanjo, Hideki -- Maeda, Shiori -- Yumoto, Noriko -- Ki, Sewon -- Akira, Shizuo -- Sako, Yasushi -- Hoffmann, Alexander -- Kurosaki, Tomohiro -- Okada-Hatakeyama, Mariko -- 5R01CA141722/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):760-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1250020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QC Bio) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. ; Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan. Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. ; Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ; Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University 4-101, Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan. ; Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ; Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. ; Signaling Systems Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QC Bio) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp. ; Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp. ; Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. ahoffmann@ucla.edu kurosaki@rcai.riken.jp marikoh@rcai.riken.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Feedback, Physiological ; Guanylate Cyclase/genetics/*metabolism ; I-kappa B Kinase/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; NF-kappa B/*agonists ; Phosphorylation ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics/*metabolism ; Serine/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Human evolution. How we tamed ourselves--and became modern (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):405-6. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6208.405.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*psychology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; Testosterone/metabolism ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Public health. Measuring the path toward malaria elimination (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340075/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340075/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Churcher, Thomas S -- Cohen, Justin M -- Novotny, Joseph -- Ntshalintshali, Nyasatu -- Kunene, Simon -- Cauchemez, Simon -- MR/K010174/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U54 GM088491/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 13;344(6189):1230-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1251449.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK. ; Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA 02127, USA. ; Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA 02127, USA. Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ; National Malaria Control Program, Manzini, Swaziland. ; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK. Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. simon.cauchemez@pasteur.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24926005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culicidae/parasitology ; Disease Eradication/*methods/*trends ; Endemic Diseases/*prevention & control ; Female ; *Global Health ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/parasitology ; Malaria/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Mosquito Control/methods ; Seasons
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    Physics. The advantages of extra entanglement (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Widera, Artur -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 11;344(6180):160-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1251472.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, Kaiserslautern University, Erwin-Schrodinger-Str., 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24723603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Environment. 25 years after the Exxon Valdez, where are the herring? (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pegau, W Scott -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1416. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6178.1416.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; *Disasters ; *Fishes ; *Petroleum Pollution
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    HIV latency. Specific HIV integration sites are linked to clonal expansion and persistence of infected cells (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-28
    Description: The persistence of HIV-infected cells in individuals on suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) presents a major barrier for curing HIV infections. HIV integrates its DNA into many sites in the host genome; we identified 2410 integration sites in peripheral blood lymphocytes of five infected individuals on cART. About 40% of the integrations were in clonally expanded cells. Approximately 50% of the infected cells in one patient were from a single clone, and some clones persisted for many years. There were multiple independent integrations in several genes, including MKL2 and BACH2; many of these integrations were in clonally expanded cells. Our findings show that HIV integration sites can play a critical role in expansion and persistence of HIV-infected cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262401/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262401/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maldarelli, F -- Wu, X -- Su, L -- Simonetti, F R -- Shao, W -- Hill, S -- Spindler, J -- Ferris, A L -- Mellors, J W -- Kearney, M F -- Coffin, J M -- Hughes, S H -- 25XS119/PHS HHS/ -- HSSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- R01 CA089441/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA089441/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Z99 CA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):179-83. doi: 10.1126/science.1254194. Epub 2014 Jun 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. ; Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. ; HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy. ; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. ; HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. hughesst@mail.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24968937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Clone Cells/virology ; DNA, Viral/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Genome, Human ; HIV/genetics/*physiology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/genetics/*virology ; Humans ; RNA, Viral/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Virus Integration/*genetics ; Virus Latency/*genetics
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    Virology. Getting rid of a persistent troublemaker to cure hepatitis (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shlomai, Amir -- Rice, Charles M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1212-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1252186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology ; DNA, Circular/*metabolism ; DNA, Viral/*metabolism ; Hepatitis B/*drug therapy ; Hepatitis B virus/*drug effects ; Hepatocytes/*drug effects ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha/*pharmacology ; Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/*agonists
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The administrator: Jay Walsh (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):29. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6179.29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Administrative Personnel ; Biomedical Research/*economics/organization & administration ; Budgets ; Financing, Government ; Illinois ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Research Support as Topic/*organization & administration ; United States ; Universities/*economics/organization & administration
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    Neuromuscular disease. DOK7 gene therapy benefits mouse models of diseases characterized by defects in the neuromuscular junction (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the synapse between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle. Defects in NMJ transmission cause muscle weakness, termed myasthenia. The muscle protein Dok-7 is essential for activation of the receptor kinase MuSK, which governs NMJ formation, and DOK7 mutations underlie familial limb-girdle myasthenia (DOK7 myasthenia), a neuromuscular disease characterized by small NMJs. Here, we show in a mouse model of DOK7 myasthenia that therapeutic administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding the human DOK7 gene resulted in an enlargement of NMJs and substantial increases in muscle strength and life span. When applied to model mice of another neuromuscular disorder, autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, DOK7 gene therapy likewise resulted in enlargement of NMJs as well as positive effects on motor activity and life span. These results suggest that therapies aimed at enlarging the NMJ may be useful for a range of neuromuscular disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arimura, Sumimasa -- Okada, Takashi -- Tezuka, Tohru -- Chiyo, Tomoko -- Kasahara, Yuko -- Yoshimura, Toshiro -- Motomura, Masakatsu -- Yoshida, Nobuaki -- Beeson, David -- Takeda, Shin'ichi -- Yamanashi, Yuji -- G0701521/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1505-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1250744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University School of Health Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. ; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan. ; Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ; Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. ; Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. yyamanas@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dependovirus ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle Proteins/*genetics ; Muscle, Skeletal/*innervation/physiopathology ; Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/genetics/*pathology/*therapy ; Neuromuscular Junction/*pathology
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    Composition of isolated synaptic boutons reveals the amounts of vesicle trafficking proteins (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-31
    Description: Synaptic vesicle recycling has long served as a model for the general mechanisms of cellular trafficking. We used an integrative approach, combining quantitative immunoblotting and mass spectrometry to determine protein numbers; electron microscopy to measure organelle numbers, sizes, and positions; and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to localize the proteins. Using these data, we generated a three-dimensional model of an "average" synapse, displaying 300,000 proteins in atomic detail. The copy numbers of proteins involved in the same step of synaptic vesicle recycling correlated closely. In contrast, copy numbers varied over more than three orders of magnitude between steps, from about 150 copies for the endosomal fusion proteins to more than 20,000 for the exocytotic ones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilhelm, Benjamin G -- Mandad, Sunit -- Truckenbrodt, Sven -- Krohnert, Katharina -- Schafer, Christina -- Rammner, Burkhard -- Koo, Seong Joo -- Classen, Gala A -- Krauss, Michael -- Haucke, Volker -- Urlaub, Henning -- Rizzoli, Silvio O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):1023-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1252884.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Gottingen Medical Center, European Neuroscience Institute, Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Gottingen, Germany. International Max Planck Research School Neurosciences, 37077 Gottingen, Germany. ; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Gottingen, Germany. ; Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Gottingen Medical Center, European Neuroscience Institute, Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Gottingen, Germany. International Max Planck Research School Molecular Biology, 37077 Gottingen, Germany. ; Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Gottingen Medical Center, European Neuroscience Institute, Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Gottingen, Germany. ; Leibniz Institut fur Molekulare Pharmakologie, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Robert-Rossle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany. ; Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Gottingen, Germany. Bioanalytics, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Gottingen, 37075 Gottingen, Germany. ; Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Gottingen Medical Center, European Neuroscience Institute, Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Gottingen, Germany. srizzol@gwdg.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Exocytosis ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Immunoblotting/methods ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Microscopy, Electron/methods ; Models, Neurological ; Presynaptic Terminals/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Synaptic Vesicles/chemistry/*metabolism ; Synaptosomes/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/analysis/*metabolism
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    Conversion of channelrhodopsin into a light-gated chloride channel (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: The field of optogenetics uses channelrhodopsins (ChRs) for light-induced neuronal activation. However, optimized tools for cellular inhibition at moderate light levels are lacking. We found that replacement of E90 in the central gate of ChR with positively charged residues produces chloride-conducting ChRs (ChloCs) with only negligible cation conductance. Molecular dynamics modeling unveiled that a high-affinity Cl(-)-binding site had been generated near the gate. Stabilizing the open state dramatically increased the operational light sensitivity of expressing cells (slow ChloC). In CA1 pyramidal cells, ChloCs completely inhibited action potentials triggered by depolarizing current injections or synaptic stimulation. Thus, by inverting the charge of the selectivity filter, we have created a class of directly light-gated anion channels that can be used to block neuronal output in a fully reversible fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wietek, Jonas -- Wiegert, J Simon -- Adeishvili, Nona -- Schneider, Franziska -- Watanabe, Hiroshi -- Tsunoda, Satoshi P -- Vogt, Arend -- Elstner, Marcus -- Oertner, Thomas G -- Hegemann, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):409-12. doi: 10.1126/science.1249375. Epub 2014 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin, D-10115 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24674867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/cytology ; Chloride Channels/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ion Channel Gating ; Light ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Mutation ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Engineering ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry ; Rhodopsin/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Misleading results: don't blame the mice (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Churchill, Gary A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):370. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6169.370-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Experimentation/*standards/*statistics & numerical data ; Animals ; Humans
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A single gene affects both ecological divergence and mate choice in Drosophila (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-15
    Description: Evolutionary changes in traits involved in both ecological divergence and mate choice may produce reproductive isolation and speciation. However, there are few examples of such dual traits, and the genetic and molecular bases of their evolution have not been identified. We show that methyl-branched cuticular hydrocarbons (mbCHCs) are a dual trait that affects both desiccation resistance and mate choice in Drosophila serrata. We identify a fatty acid synthase mFAS (CG3524) responsible for mbCHC production in Drosophila and find that expression of mFAS is undetectable in oenocytes (cells that produce CHCs) of a closely related, desiccation-sensitive species, D. birchii, due in part to multiple changes in cis-regulatory sequences of mFAS. We suggest that ecologically influenced changes in the production of mbCHCs have contributed to reproductive isolation between the two species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chung, Henry -- Loehlin, David W -- Dufour, Heloise D -- Vaccarro, Kathy -- Millar, Jocelyn G -- Carroll, Sean B -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1148-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1249998. Epub 2014 Feb 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24526311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Desiccation ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fatty Acid Synthases/*genetics/physiology ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Variation ; Hydrocarbons/*metabolism ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Reproductive Isolation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The big picture for big data: visualization (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shneiderman, Ben -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):730. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6172.730-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24531954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Access to Information ; *Computer Graphics ; *Database Management Systems ; Humans ; Information Dissemination/*methods ; Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular ; Vitamin A
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    Monolignol ferulate transferase introduces chemically labile linkages into the lignin backbone (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: Redesigning lignin, the aromatic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, to be more amenable to chemical depolymerization can lower the energy required for industrial processing. We have engineered poplar trees to introduce ester linkages into the lignin polymer backbone by augmenting the monomer pool with monolignol ferulate conjugates. Herein, we describe the isolation of a transferase gene capable of forming these conjugates and its xylem-specific introduction into poplar. Enzyme kinetics, in planta expression, lignin structural analysis, and improved cell wall digestibility after mild alkaline pretreatment demonstrate that these trees produce the monolignol ferulate conjugates, export them to the wall, and use them during lignification. Tailoring plants to use such conjugates during cell wall biosynthesis is a promising way to produce plants that are designed for deconstruction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilkerson, C G -- Mansfield, S D -- Lu, F -- Withers, S -- Park, J-Y -- Karlen, S D -- Gonzales-Vigil, E -- Padmakshan, D -- Unda, F -- Rencoret, J -- Ralph, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):90-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1250161.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/*chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Angelica sinensis/enzymology/genetics ; Cell Wall/chemistry/metabolism ; Coumaric Acids/metabolism ; Genes, Plant ; Lignin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots/enzymology ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics/growth & development ; Populus/*genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Trees/genetics/metabolism
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    Transcription. Comment on "Mechanism of eukaryotic RNA polymerase III transcription termination" (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-02
    Description: Nielsen et al. (Reports, 28 June 2013, p. 1577) characterized their RNA polymerase III (Pol III) preparation and concluded that it requires an RNA hairpin/duplex structure for terminating transcription. We could not corroborate their findings using bona fide Pol III from two laboratory sources. We show that Pol III efficiently terminates transcription in the absence of a hairpin/duplex in vitro and in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157655/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157655/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arimbasseri, Aneeshkumar G -- Kassavetis, George A -- Maraia, Richard J -- Z99 HD999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HD000412-25/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HD000412-26/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 1;345(6196):524. doi: 10.1126/science.1253783. Epub 2014 Jul 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. ; Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Commissioned Corps, U.S. Public Health Service. maraiar@mail.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25082694" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: RNA Polymerase III/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology ; *Transcription Termination, Genetic
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    The ancient heritage of water ice in the solar system (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: Identifying the source of Earth's water is central to understanding the origins of life-fostering environments and to assessing the prevalence of such environments in space. Water throughout the solar system exhibits deuterium-to-hydrogen enrichments, a fossil relic of low-temperature, ion-derived chemistry within either (i) the parent molecular cloud or (ii) the solar nebula protoplanetary disk. Using a comprehensive treatment of disk ionization, we find that ion-driven deuterium pathways are inefficient, which curtails the disk's deuterated water formation and its viability as the sole source for the solar system's water. This finding implies that, if the solar system's formation was typical, abundant interstellar ices are available to all nascent planetary systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cleeves, L Ilsedore -- Bergin, Edwin A -- Alexander, Conel M O'D -- Du, Fujun -- Graninger, Dawn -- Oberg, Karin I -- Harries, Tim J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1590-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1258055.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 311 West Hall, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. cleeves@umich.edu. ; Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 311 West Hall, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA. ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Deuterium/chemistry ; Earth (Planet) ; *Ice ; Origin of Life ; *Solar System
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    Organic electronics. Room-temperature coupling between electrical current and nuclear spins in OLEDs (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: The effects of external magnetic fields on the electrical conductivity of organic semiconductors have been attributed to hyperfine coupling of the spins of the charge carriers and hydrogen nuclei. We studied this coupling directly by implementation of pulsed electrically detected nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The data revealed a fingerprint of the isotope (protium or deuterium) involved in the coherent spin precession observed in spin-echo envelope modulation. Furthermore, resonant control of the electric current by nuclear spin orientation was achieved with radiofrequency pulses in a double-resonance scheme, implying current control on energy scales one-millionth the magnitude of the thermal energy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malissa, H -- Kavand, M -- Waters, D P -- van Schooten, K J -- Burn, P L -- Vardeny, Z V -- Saam, B -- Lupton, J M -- Boehme, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1487-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1255624. Epub 2014 Sep 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. hmalissa@physics.utah.edu john.lupton@ur.de boehme@physics.utah.edu. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. ; Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. Institut fur Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universitat Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. hmalissa@physics.utah.edu john.lupton@ur.de boehme@physics.utah.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237097" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Ancient DNA. Three-part ancestry for Europeans (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 5;345(6201):1106-7. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6201.1106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25190770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Genome, Human ; Humans
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    Quaternary coral reef refugia preserved fish diversity (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-31
    Description: The most prominent pattern in global marine biogeography is the biodiversity peak in the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Yet the processes that underpin this pattern are still actively debated. By reconstructing global marine paleoenvironments over the past 3 million years on the basis of sediment cores, we assessed the extent to which Quaternary climate fluctuations can explain global variation in current reef fish richness. Comparing global historical coral reef habitat availability with the present-day distribution of 6316 reef fish species, we find that distance from stable coral reef habitats during historical periods of habitat loss explains 62% of the variation in fish richness, outweighing present-day environmental factors. Our results highlight the importance of habitat persistence during periods of climate change for preserving marine biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pellissier, Loic -- Leprieur, Fabien -- Parravicini, Valeriano -- Cowman, Peter F -- Kulbicki, Michel -- Litsios, Glenn -- Olsen, Steffen M -- Wisz, Mary S -- Bellwood, David R -- Mouillot, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):1016-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1249853.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, Chemin du Musee 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark. ; Laboratoire Ecologie des Systemes Marins Cotiers UMR 5119, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, UM2, UM1, cc 093, Place E. Bataillon, FR-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. ; IRD, UR 227 CoReUs, LABEX (Laboratoire d'Excellence) Corail, Laboratoire Arago, Boite Postale 44, FR-66651 Banyuls/mer, France. CESAB (Centre de Synthese et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversite)-FRB (Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversite), Immeuble Henri Poincare, Domaine du Petit Arbois, FR-13857 Aix-en-Provence cedex 3, France. ; Centre for Macroevolution and Macroecology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. ; IRD, UR 227 CoReUs, LABEX (Laboratoire d'Excellence) Corail, Laboratoire Arago, Boite Postale 44, FR-66651 Banyuls/mer, France. ; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ; Center for Ocean and Ice, Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000 C Aarhus, Denmark. Department of Ecology and Environment, DHI Water and Environment, 2970 Horsholm, Denmark. ; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia. ; Laboratoire Ecologie des Systemes Marins Cotiers UMR 5119, CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, UM2, UM1, cc 093, Place E. Bataillon, FR-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia. david.mouillot@univ-montp2.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876495" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Coral Reefs ; *Fishes
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    Breast cancer. The advocate (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1460-1. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6178.1460.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; *Patient Advocacy ; United States
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    Thermohaline circulation crisis and impacts during the mid-Pleistocene transition (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-06-28
    Description: The mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT) marked a fundamental change in glacial-interglacial periodicity, when it increased from ~41-thousand-year to 100-thousand-year cycles and developed higher-amplitude climate variability without substantial changes in the Milankovitch forcing. Here, we document, by using Nd isotopes, a major disruption of the ocean thermohaline circulation (THC) system during the MPT between marine isotope stages (MISs) 25 and 21 at ~950 to 860 thousand years ago, which effectively marks the first 100-thousand-year cycle, including an exceptional weakening through a critical interglacial (MIS 23) at ~900 thousand years ago. Its recovery into the post-MPT 100-thousand-year world is characterized by continued weak glacial THC. The MPT ocean circulation crisis facilitated the coeval drawdown of atmospheric CO2 and high-latitude ice sheet growth, generating the conditions that stabilized 100-thousand-year cycles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pena, Leopoldo D -- Goldstein, Steven L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 18;345(6194):318-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1249770. Epub 2014 Jun 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. leopoldo@ldeo.columbia.edu. ; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24968939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atlantic Ocean ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; *Climate ; *Ice Cover ; Isotopes/analysis ; Neodymium/analysis ; *Seawater ; *Water Cycle
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    Botany. Patterning cues from the altruistic sibling (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bayer, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 11;344(6180):158-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1252985.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24723601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*embryology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*metabolism ; *Body Patterning ; Flowers/*embryology ; Seeds/*embryology
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    Materials science. Fibers do the twist (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuan, Jinkai -- Poulin, Philippe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 21;343(6173):845-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1250471.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Universite de Bordeaux, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558149" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cotton Fiber ; Humans ; *Nylons ; *Tensile Strength ; *Torsion, Mechanical
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    T cell memory. Skin-resident memory CD8(+) T cells trigger a state of tissue-wide pathogen alert (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-04
    Description: After an infection, pathogen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (T(RM) cells) persist in nonlymphoid tissues to provide rapid control upon reinfection, and vaccination strategies that create T(RM) cell pools at sites of pathogen entry are therefore attractive. However, it is not well understood how T(RM) cells provide such pathogen protection. Here, we demonstrate that activated T(RM) cells in mouse skin profoundly alter the local tissue environment by inducing a number of broadly active antiviral and antibacterial genes. This "pathogen alert" allows skin T(RM) cells to protect against an antigenically unrelated virus. These data describe a mechanism by which tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells protect previously infected sites that is rapid, amplifies the activation of a small number of cells into an organ-wide response, and has the capacity to control escape variants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ariotti, Silvia -- Hogenbirk, Marc A -- Dijkgraaf, Feline E -- Visser, Lindy L -- Hoekstra, Mirjam E -- Song, Ji-Ying -- Jacobs, Heinz -- Haanen, John B -- Schumacher, Ton N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):101-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1254803. Epub 2014 Aug 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Division of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Experimental Animal Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. t.schumacher@nki.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Female ; Immunologic Memory/genetics/*immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Skin/*immunology/microbiology/virology ; Transcriptome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neuroscience. The Michael Jackson fly (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4143233/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4143233/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mann, Richard S -- R01 NS070644/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS070644/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):48-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1252431.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The vulnerable: Talene Yacoubian (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):26. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6179.26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Parkinson Disease ; Research Personnel/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Genetics. Racing for disaster? (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 13;344(6189):1213-4. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6189.1213.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24925995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Horses/*genetics/*physiology ; *Inbreeding ; Male ; *Physical Conditioning, Animal ; *Running ; Selection, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A cascade of histone modifications induces chromatin condensation in mitosis (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-05
    Description: Metaphase chromosomes are visible hallmarks of mitosis, yet our understanding of their structure and of the forces shaping them is rudimentary. Phosphorylation of histone H3 serine 10 (H3 S10) by Aurora B kinase is a signature event of mitosis, but its function in chromatin condensation is unclear. Using genetically encoded ultraviolet light-inducible cross-linkers, we monitored protein-protein interactions with spatiotemporal resolution in living yeast to identify the molecular details of the pathway downstream of H3 S10 phosphorylation. This modification leads to the recruitment of the histone deacetylase Hst2p that subsequently removes an acetyl group from histone H4 lysine 16, freeing the H4 tail to interact with the surface of neighboring nucleosomes and promoting fiber condensation. This cascade of events provides a condensin-independent driving force of chromatin hypercondensation during mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilkins, Bryan J -- Rall, Nils A -- Ostwal, Yogesh -- Kruitwagen, Tom -- Hiragami-Hamada, Kyoko -- Winkler, Marco -- Barral, Yves -- Fischle, Wolfgang -- Neumann, Heinz -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 3;343(6166):77-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1244508.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Free Floater (Junior) Research Group "Applied Synthetic Biology," Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Gottingen, 37077 Gottingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24385627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Chromosomes, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; Cross-Linking Reagents/chemistry/radiation effects ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Histones/*metabolism ; Lysine/metabolism ; *Mitosis ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Serine/*metabolism ; Sirtuin 2/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Is it time to destroy the smallpox virus? (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arita, Isao -- Francis, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 29;345(6200):1010. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6200.1010-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Director Emeritus, National Hospital Organization, Kumamoto Medical Center, Kumamoto 861-8068, Japan. ; Executive Director, Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. dfrancis@gsid.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25170141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Specimen Banks ; Biological Warfare Agents ; *Disease Eradication ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Russia ; Smallpox/epidemiology/*prevention & control/virology ; United States ; *Variola virus ; World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biomedical research. Antioxidants could spur tumors by acting on cancer gene (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):477. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6170.477.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcysteine/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Animals ; Antioxidants/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Carcinogens/toxicity ; DNA Damage ; Dietary Supplements/adverse effects ; Genes, Neoplasm/*drug effects ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*chemically induced/prevention & control ; Mice ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/metabolism ; Vitamin E/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Vitamins/administration & dosage/*adverse effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Climate change. The tropical Pacific Ocean--back in the driver's seat? (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clement, Amy -- DiNezio, Pedro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 28;343(6174):976-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1248115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24578569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cold Temperature ; *Global Warming ; Pacific Ocean ; Surface Properties
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Microbiology. Tracking antibiotic resistance (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beatson, Scott A -- Walker, Mark J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1454-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1260471.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. ; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. mark.walker@uq.edu.au.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*biosynthesis ; *Cross Infection ; Enterobacteriaceae/*enzymology ; Humans ; *Plasmids ; beta-Lactamases/*biosynthesis
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    Visa labyrinth (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poliakoff, Martyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):461. doi: 10.1126/science.1250720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Martyn Poliakoff is Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society of London.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Congresses as Topic/*economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Emigration and Immigration/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Federal Government ; Science/*organization & administration
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    Environment. Major conservation group guts science team in strategy shift (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1069. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6175.1069.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Budgets ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; District of Columbia ; Research Personnel/*economics ; Science/*economics/*manpower
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The new patrons of research (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):9. doi: 10.1126/science.1253925.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marcia McNutt is Editor-in-Chief of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700823" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Financing, Organized ; *Foundations ; *Private Sector ; *Research Support as Topic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Li and me (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 11;344(6180):127. doi: 10.1126/science.1251293. Epub 2014 Apr 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marcia McNutt is Editor-in-Chief of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Environmental Pollution/*prevention & control ; Science/*education/*trends
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    Vertebrate limb bud formation is initiated by localized epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: Vertebrate limbs first emerge as small buds at specific locations along the trunk. Although a fair amount is known about the molecular regulation of limb initiation and outgrowth, the cellular events underlying these processes have remained less clear. We show that the mesenchymal limb progenitors arise through localized epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the coelomic epithelium specifically within the presumptive limb fields. This EMT is regulated at least in part by Tbx5 and Fgf10, two genes known to control limb initiation. This work shows that limb buds initiate earlier than previously thought, as a result of localized EMT rather than differential proliferation rates.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4097009/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4097009/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gros, Jerome -- Tabin, Clifford J -- R01 HD045499/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01-HD045499/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1253-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1248228.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Chick Embryo ; *Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Extremities/*embryology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 10/genetics/metabolism ; Limb Buds/*cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Vimentin/metabolism ; beta Catenin/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate science. In new report, IPCC gets more specific about warming risks (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):21. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6179.21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change/economics ; Ecosystem ; Floods ; Food Supply ; Water Supply
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    The mountaintop witness (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 7;343(6171):592-5. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6171.592.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24503829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Coal Mining/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Expert Testimony ; *Policy Making ; Rivers/*chemistry ; Water Pollutants/*analysis ; Water Pollution/*legislation & jurisprudence ; West Virginia
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    A lonely crusade (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):793-7. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6186.793.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855236" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use ; *Bioethical Issues ; Conflict of Interest/*economics ; Dibenzothiazepines/therapeutic use ; Drug Industry/economics/ethics ; Ethicists/*psychology ; *Ethics, Medical ; Humans ; Male ; Minnesota ; Quetiapine Fumarate ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/*ethics ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; Suicide/*ethics ; Truth Disclosure/*ethics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Making science a desirable career (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Polka, Jessica K -- Krukenberg, Kristin A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1422. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6215.1422.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Postdocs Jessica K. Polka and Kristin A. Krukenberg are organizers of the Future of Research Symposium held in Boston in early October and corresponding authors for the resulting report. For more on life and careers, visit www.sciencecareers.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Career Mobility ; *Education, Graduate/economics ; Humans ; *Research Personnel/education ; *Science/education ; Training Support
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Applied physics. Electronic control of circularly polarized light emission (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaumseil, Jana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):702-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1254496.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany. jana.zaumseil@fau.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    On the edge (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Popkin, Gabriel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 26;345(6204):1552-4. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6204.1552.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Ecology/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Lakes ; Limnology/*history ; Music ; Netherlands ; Personal Autonomy
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    Air pollution. Ammonia pollution from farming may exact hefty health costs (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):238. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6168.238.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Air Pollutants/*adverse effects/analysis ; Air Pollution/*adverse effects/prevention & control ; Ammonia/*adverse effects/analysis ; Animals ; Fertilizers/*adverse effects ; Health/*economics ; Heart Diseases/chemically induced ; Humans ; Livestock ; Models, Biological ; North Carolina ; Particulate Matter/*adverse effects/analysis ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
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    National Institutes of Health. Needed: more females in animal and cell studies (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):679. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6185.679.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Experimentation/*standards ; Animals ; Biomedical Research/*standards ; Cells ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Sex Factors ; United States ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome
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    On the origin of near-infrared extragalactic background light anisotropy (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-08
    Description: Extragalactic background light (EBL) anisotropy traces variations in the total production of photons over cosmic history and may contain faint, extended components missed in galaxy point-source surveys. Infrared EBL fluctuations have been attributed to primordial galaxies and black holes at the epoch of reionization (EOR) or, alternately, intrahalo light (IHL) from stars tidally stripped from their parent galaxies at low redshift. We report new EBL anisotropy measurements from a specialized sounding rocket experiment at 1.1 and 1.6 micrometers. The observed fluctuations exceed the amplitude from known galaxy populations, are inconsistent with EOR galaxies and black holes, and are largely explained by IHL emission. The measured fluctuations are associated with an EBL intensity that is comparable to the background from known galaxies measured through number counts and therefore a substantial contribution to the energy contained in photons in the cosmos.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zemcov, Michael -- Smidt, Joseph -- Arai, Toshiaki -- Bock, James -- Cooray, Asantha -- Gong, Yan -- Kim, Min Gyu -- Korngut, Phillip -- Lam, Anson -- Lee, Dae Hee -- Matsumoto, Toshio -- Matsuura, Shuji -- Nam, Uk Won -- Roudier, Gael -- Tsumura, Kohji -- Wada, Takehiko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 7;346(6210):732-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1258168.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. ; Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. ; Department of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan. Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. ; Department of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. jjb@astro.caltech.edu. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. Department of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Department of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. ; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Daejeon 305-348, Korea. ; Department of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan. Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China. ; Department of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan. ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. ; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Targeting and plasticity of mitochondrial proteins revealed by proximity-specific ribosome profiling (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-08
    Description: Nearly all mitochondrial proteins are nuclear-encoded and are targeted to their mitochondrial destination from the cytosol. Here, we used proximity-specific ribosome profiling to comprehensively measure translation at the mitochondrial surface in yeast. Most inner-membrane proteins were cotranslationally targeted to mitochondria, reminiscent of proteins entering the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Comparison between mitochondrial and ER localization demonstrated that the vast majority of proteins were targeted to a specific organelle. A prominent exception was the fumarate reductase Osm1, known to reside in mitochondria. We identified a conserved ER isoform of Osm1, which contributes to the oxidative protein-folding capacity of the organelle. This dual localization was enabled by alternative translation initiation sites encoding distinct targeting signals. These findings highlight the exquisite in vivo specificity of organellar targeting mechanisms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4263316/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4263316/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Christopher C -- Jan, Calvin H -- Weissman, Jonathan S -- P50 GM102706/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 7;346(6210):748-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1257522.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉These authors contributed equally to this work. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. These authors contributed equally to this work. jonathan.weissman@ucsf.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational ; Protein Folding ; Ribosomes/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Succinate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
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    Exploring martian habitability. Habitability, taphonomy, and the search for organic carbon on Mars. Introduction (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grotzinger, John P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):386-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1249944.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon/*analysis ; *Exobiology ; *Mars ; Organic Chemicals/*analysis
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    India puts informed consent on camera (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kakkar, Ashish Kumar -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 11;344(6180):150-1. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6180.150-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462024, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24723597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Consent Forms/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; India ; Video Recording/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    Physics. Enabling optical analog computing with metamaterials (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sihvola, Ari -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 10;343(6167):144-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1248659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering, Otakaari 5A, 02150 Espoo, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24408424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Loss-induced suppression and revival of lasing (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-18
    Description: Controlling and reversing the effects of loss are major challenges in optical systems. For lasers, losses need to be overcome by a sufficient amount of gain to reach the lasing threshold. In this work, we show how to turn losses into gain by steering the parameters of a system to the vicinity of an exceptional point (EP), which occurs when the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenstates of a system coalesce. In our system of coupled microresonators, EPs are manifested as the loss-induced suppression and revival of lasing. Below a critical value, adding loss annihilates an existing Raman laser. Beyond this critical threshold, lasing recovers despite the increasing loss, in stark contrast to what would be expected from conventional laser theory. Our results exemplify the counterintuitive features of EPs and present an innovative method for reversing the effect of loss.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peng, B -- Ozdemir, S K -- Rotter, S -- Yilmaz, H -- Liertzer, M -- Monifi, F -- Bender, C M -- Nori, F -- Yang, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 17;346(6207):328-32. doi: 10.1126/science.1258004.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. ; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. ozdemir@ese.wustl.edu yang@ese.wustl.edu. ; Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. ; Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. ; Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25324384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Geophysics. Deep mantle matters (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Quentin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 23;344(6186):800-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1254399.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. qwilliam@ucsc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855238" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Enzyme regulation. IRBIT is a novel regulator of ribonucleotide reductase in higher eukaryotes (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) supplies the balanced pools of deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) necessary for DNA replication and maintenance of genomic integrity. RNR is subject to allosteric regulatory mechanisms in all eukaryotes, as well as to control by small protein inhibitors Sml1p and Spd1p in budding and fission yeast, respectively. Here, we show that the metazoan protein IRBIT forms a deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP)-dependent complex with RNR, which stabilizes dATP in the activity site of RNR and thus inhibits the enzyme. Formation of the RNR-IRBIT complex is regulated through phosphorylation of IRBIT, and ablation of IRBIT expression in HeLa cells causes imbalanced dNTP pools and altered cell cycle progression. We demonstrate a mechanism for RNR regulation in higher eukaryotes that acts by enhancing allosteric RNR inhibition by dATP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arnaoutov, Alexei -- Dasso, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1512-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1251550.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. arnaouta@mail.nih.gov. ; Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Catalytic Domain ; Deoxyadenine Nucleotides/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Lectins, C-Type/genetics/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Ribonucleotide Reductases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
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    Human evolution. Neandertals and moderns made imperfect mates (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):471-2. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6170.471.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Crohn Disease/genetics ; DNA/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Disease/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-18/genetics ; Keratins/genetics ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/genetics ; Male ; Neanderthals/*genetics ; Optic Disk/anatomy & histology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Smoking/genetics
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    Nobel Prizes. Light loophole wins laurels (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clery, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 17;346(6207):290-1. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6207.290.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25324365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chemistry ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/*methods ; *Nobel Prize ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; United States
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    Membranes. Metal-organic framework nanosheets as building blocks for molecular sieving membranes (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Layered metal-organic frameworks would be a diverse source of crystalline sheets with nanometer thickness for molecular sieving if they could be exfoliated, but there is a challenge in retaining the morphological and structural integrity. We report the preparation of 1-nanometer-thick sheets with large lateral area and high crystallinity from layered MOFs. They are used as building blocks for ultrathin molecular sieve membranes, which achieve hydrogen gas (H2) permeance of up to several thousand gas permeation units (GPUs) with H2/CO2 selectivity greater than 200. We found an unusual proportional relationship between H2 permeance and H2 selectivity for the membranes, and achieved a simultaneous increase in both permeance and selectivity by suppressing lamellar stacking of the nanosheets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peng, Yuan -- Li, Yanshuo -- Ban, Yujie -- Jin, Hua -- Jiao, Wenmei -- Liu, Xinlei -- Yang, Weishen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1356-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1254227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. ; State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China. leeys@dicp.ac.cn yangws@dicp.ac.cn. ; State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Neuronal activity promotes oligodendrogenesis and adaptive myelination in the mammalian brain (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Description: Myelination of the central nervous system requires the generation of functionally mature oligodendrocytes from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Electrically active neurons may influence OPC function and selectively instruct myelination of an active neural circuit. In this work, we use optogenetic stimulation of the premotor cortex in awake, behaving mice to demonstrate that neuronal activity elicits a mitogenic response of neural progenitor cells and OPCs, promotes oligodendrogenesis, and increases myelination within the deep layers of the premotor cortex and subcortical white matter. We further show that this neuronal activity-regulated oligodendrogenesis and myelination is associated with improved motor function of the corresponding limb. Oligodendrogenesis and myelination appear necessary for the observed functional improvement, as epigenetic blockade of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin changes prevents the activity-regulated behavioral improvement.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096908/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096908/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibson, Erin M -- Purger, David -- Mount, Christopher W -- Goldstein, Andrea K -- Lin, Grant L -- Wood, Lauren S -- Inema, Ingrid -- Miller, Sarah E -- Bieri, Gregor -- Zuchero, J Bradley -- Barres, Ben A -- Woo, Pamelyn J -- Vogel, Hannes -- Monje, Michelle -- 1S10RR02678001/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS070926/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K08NS070926/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY10257/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH020016/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025744/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 2;344(6183):1252304. doi: 10.1126/science.1252304. Epub 2014 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pediatrics, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24727982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Thy-1/genetics ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Corpus Callosum/cytology/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Motor Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Myelin Sheath/*metabolism ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/*metabolism ; Neural Stem Cells/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Oligodendroglia/*cytology ; Rhodopsin/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Neuroscience. The atoms of neural computation (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marcus, Gary -- Marblestone, Adam -- Dean, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 31;346(6209):551-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1261661.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. gary.marcus@nyu.edu. ; Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Techonology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25359953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence ; Behavior/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Humans ; *Nerve Net ; *Neural Networks (Computer) ; Neurons/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Ancient hybridizations among the ancestral genomes of bread wheat (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-19
    Description: The allohexaploid bread wheat genome consists of three closely related subgenomes (A, B, and D), but a clear understanding of their phylogenetic history has been lacking. We used genome assemblies of bread wheat and five diploid relatives to analyze genome-wide samples of gene trees, as well as to estimate evolutionary relatedness and divergence times. We show that the A and B genomes diverged from a common ancestor ~7 million years ago and that these genomes gave rise to the D genome through homoploid hybrid speciation 1 to 2 million years later. Our findings imply that the present-day bread wheat genome is a product of multiple rounds of hybrid speciation (homoploid and polyploid) and lay the foundation for a new framework for understanding the wheat genome as a multilevel phylogenetic mosaic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marcussen, Thomas -- Sandve, Simen R -- Heier, Lise -- Spannagl, Manuel -- Pfeifer, Matthias -- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium -- Jakobsen, Kjetill S -- Wulff, Brande B H -- Steuernagel, Burkhard -- Mayer, Klaus F X -- Olsen, Odd-Arne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 18;345(6194):1250092. doi: 10.1126/science.1250092.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 As, Norway. ; Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 As, Norway. simen.sandve@nmbu.no. ; Stromsveien 78 B, 0663 Oslo, Norway. ; Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. ; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway. ; The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25035499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bread ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Plant ; *Genome, Plant ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Phylogeny ; Polyploidy ; Triticum/classification/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Changes in seismic anisotropy shed light on the nature of the Gutenberg discontinuity (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-01
    Description: The boundary between the lithosphere and asthenosphere is associated with a platewide high-seismic velocity "lid" overlying lowered velocities, consistent with thermal models. Seismic body waves also intermittently detect a sharp velocity reduction at similar depths, the Gutenberg (G) discontinuity, which cannot be explained by temperature alone. We compared an anisotropic tomography model with detections of the G to evaluate their context and relation to the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). We find that the G is primarily associated with vertical changes in azimuthal anisotropy and lies above a thermally controlled LAB, implying that the two are not equivalent interfaces. The origin of the G is a result of frozen-in lithospheric structures, regional compositional variations of the mantle, or dynamically perturbed LAB.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beghein, Caroline -- Yuan, Kaiqing -- Schmerr, Nicholas -- Xing, Zheng -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1237-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1246724. Epub 2014 Feb 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East, Box 951567, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24578529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    No windfall for U.S. science (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 3;343(6166):6. doi: 10.1126/science.1250035.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marcia McNutt is Editor-in-Chief of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24385608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; Gross Domestic Product/trends ; Research/*economics/*trends ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Reproducibility (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):229. doi: 10.1126/science.1250475.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marcia McNutt is Editor-in-Chief of Science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Disclosure/*standards ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke ; *Peer Review, Research ; Reproducibility of Results ; Translational Medical Research/standards ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Chasing the money (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):24-5. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6179.24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; Budgets ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic/trends ; United States ; Universities/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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