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  • Articles  (1,509)
  • Adult
  • Pregnancy
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (1,509)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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  • Articles  (1,509)
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  • 1
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    Disrupted timing of discontinuous but not continuous movements by cerebellar lesions (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: Patients with cerebellar damage are known to exhibit deficits in the temporal control of movements. We report that these deficits are restricted to discontinuous movements. Cerebellar patients exhibited no deficit in temporal variability when producing continuous, rhythmic movements. We hypothesize that the temporal properties of continuous movements are emergent and reflect the operation of other control parameters not associated with the cerebellum. In contrast, discontinuous movements require an explicit representation of the temporal goal, a function of the cerebellum. The requirement for explicit temporal representation provides a parsimonious account of cerebellar involvement in a range of tasks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spencer, Rebecca M C -- Zelaznik, Howard N -- Diedrichsen, Jorn -- Ivry, Richard B -- NS17778/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS30256/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS40813/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1437-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 3210 Tolman Hall #1650, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. rspencer@socrates.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cerebellar Diseases/*physiopathology ; Cerebellum/physiology/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Motor Activity ; Movement ; *Psychomotor Performance ; Spinocerebellar Degenerations/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Stromal effects on mammary gland development and breast cancer (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Breast cancer manifests itself in the mammary epithelium, yet there is a growing recognition that mammary stromal cells also play an important role in tumorigenesis. During its developmental cycle, the mammary gland displays many of the properties associated with breast cancer, and many of the stromal factors necessary for mammary development also promote or protect against breast cancer. Here we review our present knowledge of the specific factors and cell types that contribute to epithelial-stromal crosstalk during mammary development. To find cures for diseases like breast cancer that rely on epithelial-stromal crosstalk, we must understand how these different cell types communicate with each other.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2788989/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2788989/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wiseman, Bryony S -- Werb, Zena -- CA57621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA057621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA057621-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1046-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/cytology/physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Breast/cytology/embryology/*growth & development/physiology ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology/*physiopathology ; Cell Communication ; Epithelial Cells/physiology ; Extracellular Matrix/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology/embryology/*growth & development/physiology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology/*physiopathology ; Morphogenesis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pregnancy ; Signal Transduction ; Stromal Cells/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Infectious disease. Siberia's deadly stalker emerges from the shadows (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):642-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/epidemiology ; Encephalomyelitis/ethnology/*etiology/pathology/virology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Herpesviridae/immunology/isolation & purification ; Herpesviridae Infections/ethnology/pathology/virology ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Rural Health ; Siberia/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases/ethnology/pathology/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma caused by mutations in optineurin (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) affects 33 million individuals worldwide and is a leading cause of blindness. In a study of 54 families with autosomal dominantly inherited adult-onset POAG, we identified the causative gene on chromosome 10p14 and designated it OPTN (for "optineurin"). Sequence alterations in OPTN were found in 16.7% of families with hereditary POAG, including individuals with normal intraocular pressure. The OPTN gene codes for a conserved 66-kilodalton protein of unknown function that has been implicated in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling pathway and that interacts with diverse proteins including Huntingtin, Ras-associated protein RAB8, and transcription factor IIIA. Optineurin is expressed in trabecular meshwork, nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, retina, and brain, and we speculate that it plays a neuroprotective role.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rezaie, Tayebeh -- Child, Anne -- Hitchings, Roger -- Brice, Glen -- Miller, Lauri -- Coca-Prados, Miguel -- Heon, Elise -- Krupin, Theodore -- Ritch, Robert -- Kreutzer, Donald -- Crick, R Pitts -- Sarfarazi, Mansoor -- EY-09947/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1077-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics ; Ciliary Body/metabolism ; Exons ; Eye Proteins/analysis/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*genetics ; Golgi Apparatus/chemistry ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation ; *Mutation, Missense ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Ocular Hypertension/genetics ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Retina/metabolism ; Trabecular Meshwork/metabolism ; *Transcription Factor TFIIIA ; Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Historical essay. Prospects for the future (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallo, Robert C -- Montagnier, Luc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1730-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Human Virology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use ; *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/prevention & ; control/transmission/virology ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Drug Costs ; Female ; HIV/drug effects ; Health Services/economics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; International Cooperation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Research Support as Topic ; Technology Transfer ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Lateralized cognitive processes and lateralized task control in the human brain (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: The principles underlying human hemispheric specialization are poorly understood. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging of letter and visuospatial decision tasks with identical word stimuli to address two unresolved problems. First, hemispheric specialization depended on the nature of the task rather than on the nature of the stimulus. Second, analysis of frontal candidate regions for cognitive control showed increased coupling between left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left inferior frontal gyrus during letter decisions, whereas right ACC showed enhanced coupling with right parietal areas during visuospatial decisions. Cognitive control is thus localized in the same hemisphere as task execution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephan, Klaas E -- Marshall, John C -- Friston, Karl J -- Rowe, James B -- Ritzl, Afra -- Zilles, Karl -- Fink, Gereon R -- 077029/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):384-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medicine (IME), Research Centre Julich, 52425 Julich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Cognition ; Functional Laterality ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Humans ; *Language ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Space Perception ; Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Comment on "Obesity and the environment: where do we go from here?" (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butte, Nancy F -- Ellis, Kenneth J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 1;301(5633):598; author reply 598.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12893926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Diet ; *Energy Intake ; *Energy Metabolism ; *Exercise ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Life Style ; *Obesity/epidemiology/prevention & control ; United States/epidemiology ; *Weight Gain
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Infectious disease. An avian flu jumps to people (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, Bernice -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1504.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Birds/virology ; Chickens/virology ; Child ; China/epidemiology ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/*virology ; Influenza, Human/*virology ; Male ; Virulence ; World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    The ironic politics of obesity (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nestle, Marion -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):781.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; *Diet ; *Food Industry ; Humans ; Marketing ; *Nutrition Policy ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; *Obesity/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Politics ; United States ; *United States Department of Agriculture
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Optical imaging of a tactile illusion in area 3b of the primary somatosensory cortex (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: In the tactile funneling illusion, the simultaneous presentation of brief stimuli at multiple points on the skin produces a single focal sensation at the center of the stimulus pattern even when no physical stimulus occurs at that site. Consistent with the funneling percept, we show with optical imaging in area 3b of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) that simultaneous stimulation of two fingertips produces a single focal cortical activation between the single fingertip activation regions. Thus, in contrast to traditional views of the body map, topographic representation in the SI reflects the perceived rather than the physical location of peripheral stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Li M -- Friedman, Robert M -- Roe, Anna W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):881-5. Epub 2003 Sep 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Illusions/*physiology ; Male ; Perception/*physiology ; Physical Stimulation ; Saimiri ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ; Touch/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Bid for better beef gives Japan a leg up on cattle (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 11;282(5396):1975-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Husbandry/*methods ; Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cattle/embryology/*genetics ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Transfer/veterinary ; Fallopian Tubes/cytology ; Female ; Japan ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology ; Pregnancy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Actin mutations in dilated cardiomyopathy, a heritable form of heart failure (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-05-23
    Description: To test the hypothesis that actin dysfunction leads to heart failure, patients with hereditary idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) were examined for mutations in the cardiac actin gene (ACTC). Missense mutations in ACTC that cosegregate with IDC were identified in two unrelated families. Both mutations affect universally conserved amino acids in domains of actin that attach to Z bands and intercalated discs. Coupled with previous data showing that dystrophin mutations also cause dilated cardiomyopathy, these results raise the possibility that defective transmission of force in cardiac myocytes is a mechanism underlying heart failure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, T M -- Michels, V V -- Thibodeau, S N -- Tai, Y S -- Keating, M T -- 5-P50-HL-53773/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- M01-RR00064/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 May 1;280(5364):750-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. timo@howard.genetics.utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9563954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 ; Exons ; Female ; Heart/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; *Mutation ; Myocardium/chemistry/pathology ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Protein Conformation ; Sarcomeres/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Elimination of syphilis in the United States (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉St Louis, M E -- Wasserheit, J N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):353-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9705711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control ; Adult ; African Americans ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Genome, Bacterial ; HIV Infections/transmission ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Public Health Practice ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Syphilis/complications/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Syphilis, Congenital/epidemiology ; Treponema pallidum/genetics ; United States/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Cocaine exposure and children: the meaning of subtle effects (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lester, B M -- LaGasse, L L -- Seifer, R -- U10 DA024119/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 23;282(5389):633-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02905-2499, USA. barryvlester@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9841414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Child Language ; Cocaine/*adverse effects ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/therapy ; Cognition Disorders/*chemically induced/prevention & control ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Education, Special/economics ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence/*drug effects ; Language Disorders/*chemically induced/prevention & control ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/therapy ; *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Role of nonexercise activity thermogenesis in resistance to fat gain in humans (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-08
    Description: Humans show considerable interindividual variation in susceptibility to weight gain in response to overeating. The physiological basis of this variation was investigated by measuring changes in energy storage and expenditure in 16 nonobese volunteers who were fed 1000 kilocalories per day in excess of weight-maintenance requirements for 8 weeks. Two-thirds of the increases in total daily energy expenditure was due to increased nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), which is associated with fidgeting, maintenance of posture, and other physical activities of daily life. Changes in NEAT accounted for the 10-fold differences in fat storage that occurred and directly predicted resistance to fat gain with overfeeding (correlation coefficient = 0.77, probability 〈 0.001). These results suggest that as humans overeat, activation of NEAT dissipates excess energy to preserve leanness and that failure to activate NEAT may result in ready fat gain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, J A -- Eberhardt, N L -- Jensen, M D -- DK45343/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK50456/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR00535/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 8;283(5399):212-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9880251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activities of Daily Living ; *Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Basal Metabolism ; Body Composition ; Calorimetry, Indirect ; *Energy Intake ; *Energy Metabolism ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperphagia/*physiopathology ; Male ; *Movement ; Posture ; *Weight Gain
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Stability, precision, and near-24-hour period of the human circadian pacemaker (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-26
    Description: Regulation of circadian period in humans was thought to differ from that of other species, with the period of the activity rhythm reported to range from 13 to 65 hours (median 25.2 hours) and the period of the body temperature rhythm reported to average 25 hours in adulthood, and to shorten with age. However, those observations were based on studies of humans exposed to light levels sufficient to confound circadian period estimation. Precise estimation of the periods of the endogenous circadian rhythms of melatonin, core body temperature, and cortisol in healthy young and older individuals living in carefully controlled lighting conditions has now revealed that the intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker averages 24.18 hours in both age groups, with a tight distribution consistent with other species. These findings have important implications for understanding the pathophysiology of disrupted sleep in older people.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Czeisler, C A -- Duffy, J F -- Shanahan, T L -- Brown, E N -- Mitchell, J F -- Rimmer, D W -- Ronda, J M -- Silva, E J -- Allan, J S -- Emens, J S -- Dijk, D J -- Kronauer, R E -- MO1-RR02635/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P01-AG09975/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM53559/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 25;284(5423):2177-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Circadian, Neuroendocrine, and Sleep Disorders Section, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aging/*physiology ; Biological Clocks/genetics/*physiology ; Body Temperature ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; Darkness ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/blood ; Light ; Male ; Melatonin/blood ; Middle Aged ; Sleep
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    Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawkins, M M -- Barratt, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):51-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10532889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Congenital Abnormalities/etiology ; Developmental Disabilities/etiology ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro/*adverse effects ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Registries ; Risk Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Human cloning. Korean report sparks anger and inquiry (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):16-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9917255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Bioethics ; *Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Research ; Female ; Government Regulation ; Humans ; Korea ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Research
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    A long season puts Catalhoyuk in context (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 29;286(5441):890-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10577237" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; Female ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Male ; Paleopathology ; Skull/*pathology ; Turkey
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    HIV. French-led therapy fund kicks off in Africa (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 14;284(5417):1101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10366339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; Cote d'Ivoire ; Female ; *Financial Support ; France ; Fund Raising ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; *International Agencies/economics ; Pilot Projects ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Search for cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus in patients treated with living pig tissue. The XEN 111 Study Group (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-24
    Description: Pig organs may offer a solution to the shortage of human donor organs for transplantation, but concerns remain about possible cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV). Samples were collected from 160 patients who had been treated with various living pig tissues up to 12 years earlier. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein immunoblot analyses were performed on serum from all 160 patients. No viremia was detected in any patient. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 159 of the patients were analyzed by PCR using PERV-specific primers. No PERV infection was detected in any of the patients from whom sufficient DNA was extracted to allow complete PCR analysis (97 percent of the patients). Persistent microchimerism (presence of donor cells in the recipient) was observed in 23 patients for up to 8.5 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paradis, K -- Langford, G -- Long, Z -- Heneine, W -- Sandstrom, P -- Switzer, W M -- Chapman, L E -- Lockey, C -- Onions, D -- Otto, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Aug 20;285(5431):1236-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Imutran Ltd. (a Novartis Pharma AG company), Post Office Box 399, Cambridge CB2 2YP, UK. khazal.paradis@pharma.novartis.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10455044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chimera ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Extracorporeal Circulation ; Female ; *Gammaretrovirus/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Retroviridae Infections/diagnosis/*transmission ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin Transplantation ; Swine ; *Transplantation, Heterologous/adverse effects ; Tumor Virus Infections/diagnosis/*transmission ; Viremia/diagnosis ; *Zoonoses
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Sources of mathematical thinking: behavioral and brain-imaging evidence (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-13
    Description: Does the human capacity for mathematical intuition depend on linguistic competence or on visuo-spatial representations? A series of behavioral and brain-imaging experiments provides evidence for both sources. Exact arithmetic is acquired in a language-specific format, transfers poorly to a different language or to novel facts, and recruits networks involved in word-association processes. In contrast, approximate arithmetic shows language independence, relies on a sense of numerical magnitudes, and recruits bilateral areas of the parietal lobes involved in visuo-spatial processing. Mathematical intuition may emerge from the interplay of these brain systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dehaene, S -- Spelke, E -- Pinel, P -- Stanescu, R -- Tsivkin, S -- HD23103/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 7;284(5416):970-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite INSERM 334, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA/DSV, 91401 Orsay Cedex, France. dehaene@shfj.cea.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10320379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Humans ; Intuition ; *Language ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mathematics ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; *Thinking
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    Real-time tracking of memory formation in the human rhinal cortex and hippocampus (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-08
    Description: A fundamental question about human memory is which brain structures are involved, and when, in transforming experiences into memories. This experiment sought to identify neural correlates of memory formation with the use of intracerebral electrodes implanted in the brains of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded directly from the medial temporal lobe (MTL) as the patients studied single words. ERPs elicited by words subsequently recalled in a memory test were contrasted with ERPs elicited by unrecalled words. Memory formation was associated with distinct but interrelated ERP differences within the rhinal cortex and the hippocampus, which arose after about 300 and 500 milliseconds, respectively. These findings suggest that declarative memory formation is dissociable into subprocesses and sequentially organized within the MTL.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez, G -- Effern, A -- Grunwald, T -- Pezer, N -- Lehnertz, K -- Dumpelmann, M -- Van Roost, D -- Elger, C E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1582-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany. gf@mailer.meb.uni-bonn.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Brain Mapping ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/physiology ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Prospects for in utero human gene therapy (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-16
    Description: Gene therapy for the treatment of disease in children and adults is being actively pursued at many medical centers. However, a number of genetic disorders result in irreversible damage to the fetus before birth. In these cases, as well as for those with genetic diseases who may benefit from therapy before symptoms are manifested, in utero gene therapy (IUGT) could be beneficial. Although some successes with in utero gene transfer have been reported in animals, significant questions remain to be answered before IUGT clinical trials would be acceptable. This review analyzes the state of the art and delineates the studies that still need to be performed before it would be appropriate to consider human IUGT.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zanjani, E D -- Anderson, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 24;285(5436):2084-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89520, USA. zanjani@scs.unr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10523208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Fetal Diseases/*therapy ; *Fetus ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*therapy ; *Genetic Therapy/adverse effects ; Genetic Vectors ; Germ Cells ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Pregnancy
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    Neuroimaging evidence for dissociable forms of repetition priming (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: Repetition priming has been characterized neurophysiologically as a decreased response following stimulus repetition. The present study used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether this repetition-related response is sensitive to stimulus familiarity. A right fusiform region exhibited an attenuated response to the repetition of familiar stimuli, both faces and symbols, but exhibited an enhanced response to the repetition of unfamiliar stimuli. Moreover, both repetition effects were modulated by lag between successive presentations. Further experiments replicated the interactions between repetition, familiarity, and lag and demonstrated the persistence of these effects over multiple repetitions. Priming-related responses are therefore not unitary but depend on the presence or absence of preexisting stimulus representations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henson, R -- Shallice, T -- Dolan, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 18;287(5456):1269-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. r.henson@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10678834" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Regression Analysis ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    South Africa's new enemy (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-15
    Description: Many South Africans long dreamed of the day when the oppressive apartheid system would end. That day has come, but now the country faces a new disaster: one of the world's worst HIV epidemics--and most confusing government responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2168-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10896606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Government ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Public Policy ; *Research ; South Africa/epidemiology
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    Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-10
    Description: Theories of the regulation of cognition suggest a system with two necessary components: one to implement control and another to monitor performance and signal when adjustments in control are needed. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and a task-switching version of the Stroop task were used to examine whether these components of cognitive control have distinct neural bases in the human brain. A double dissociation was found. During task preparation, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's area 9) was more active for color naming than for word reading, consistent with a role in the implementation of control. In contrast, the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's areas 24 and 32) was more active when responding to incongruent stimuli, consistent with a role in performance monitoring.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacDonald, A W 3rd -- Cohen, J D -- Stenger, V A -- Carter, C S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 9;288(5472):1835-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10846167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cognition/*physiology ; Color ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Reading
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    Neuroscience. A critical issue for the brain (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-15
    Description: The notion that there is a "critical period" for learning in the first 3 years of life has cropped up widely in media reports recently. But although critical periods have been well documented for the development of sensory systems in the brain, especially vision, researchers differ over whether they exist for the development of the brain functions that underlie complex learning and thinking skills. Scientists do agree, however, that where critical periods do exist, they are not sharply defined, nor are they unique to the first 3 years of life, as has been conveyed in the media. The message should give hope to adults who may not learn with the ease of early childhood, but can still do it.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2116-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10896576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/*physiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Intelligence ; Language ; *Learning ; Object Attachment ; Synapses/physiology ; Thinking ; Vision, Ocular
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    Neurobiology. A new clue to how alcohol damages brains (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 11;287(5455):947-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10691562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Benzodiazepines/adverse effects/toxicity ; Brain/cytology/*drug effects/growth & development ; Ethanol/blood/*toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Nerve Degeneration ; Neurons/cytology/*drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Receptors, GABA/*drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors/*drug effects/metabolism
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    Pig cloning by microinjection of fetal fibroblast nuclei (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-19
    Description: Pig cloning will have a marked impact on the optimization of meat production and xenotransplantation. To clone pigs from differentiated cells, we microinjected the nuclei of porcine (Sus scrofa) fetal fibroblasts into enucleated oocytes, and development was induced by electroactivation. The transfer of 110 cloned embryos to four surrogate mothers produced an apparently normal female piglet. The clonal provenance of the piglet was indicated by her coat color and confirmed by DNA microsatellite analysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Onishi, A -- Iwamoto, M -- Akita, T -- Mikawa, S -- Takeda, K -- Awata, T -- Hanada, H -- Perry, A C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 18;289(5482):1188-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, National Institute of Animal Industry, Tsukuba Norin Danchi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0901, Japan. onishi@niai.affrc.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10947985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Organism/*methods ; Electric Stimulation ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Fetus/cytology ; Fibroblasts/ultrastructure ; Microinjections ; Microsatellite Repeats ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; *Swine/embryology/genetics
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    South Africa in crisis on HIV/AIDS treatment (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, T T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 29;292(5526):2431-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441877" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/prevention & ; control/transmission ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; Drug Industry ; Female ; Health Policy ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Nevirapine/therapeutic use ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; South Africa
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    Predictability of the UK variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease epidemic (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-27
    Description: Back-calculation analysis of the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease epidemic in the United Kingdom is used to estimate the number of infected individuals and future disease incidence. The model assumes a hazard of infection proportional to the incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United Kingdom and accounts for precautionary control measures and very wide ranges of incubation periods. The model indicates that current case data are compatible with numbers of infections ranging from a few hundred to several millions. In the latter case, the model suggests that the mean incubation period must be well beyond the human life-span, resulting in disease epidemics of at most several thousand cases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉d'Aignaux, J N -- Cousens, S N -- Smith, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 23;294(5547):1729-31. Epub 2001 Oct 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK. jerome.huillard@lshtm.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Age Factors ; Age of Onset ; Animals ; Cattle ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/*epidemiology/genetics/transmission ; Diet ; Disease Susceptibility ; Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform/epidemiology ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genotype ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Likelihood Functions ; Methionine/genetics ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Prevalence ; Prions/administration & dosage/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    An apolipoprotein influencing triglycerides in humans and mice revealed by comparative sequencing (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-06
    Description: Comparison of genomic DNA sequences from human and mouse revealed a new apolipoprotein (APO) gene (APOAV) located proximal to the well-characterized APOAI/CIII/AIV gene cluster on human 11q23. Mice expressing a human APOAV transgene showed a decrease in plasma triglyceride concentrations to one-third of those in control mice; conversely, knockout mice lacking Apoav had four times as much plasma triglycerides as controls. In humans, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the APOAV locus were found to be significantly associated with plasma triglyceride levels in two independent studies. These findings indicate that APOAV is an important determinant of plasma triglyceride levels, a major risk factor for coronary artery disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennacchio, L A -- Olivier, M -- Hubacek, J A -- Cohen, J C -- Cox, D R -- Fruchart, J C -- Krauss, R M -- Rubin, E M -- HL-18574/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-53917/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL66681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 5;294(5540):169-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genome Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11588264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alleles ; Animals ; Apolipoprotein C-III ; Apolipoproteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Apolipoproteins A ; Apolipoproteins C/blood ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Cohort Studies ; Computational Biology ; Coronary Disease/etiology/genetics ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Multigene Family ; Open Reading Frames ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transgenes ; Triglycerides/*blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Priorities in HIV prevention (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Behrman, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):45-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11192004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; *Health Priorities ; Heterosexuality ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; United States/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Stem cell policy. An embryonic alternative (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 8;292(5523):1822.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11397926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; *Bioethics ; Cell Line ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; *Macaca mulatta ; *Research ; *Stem Cells
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Effects of marine reserves on adjacent fisheries (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-01
    Description: Marine reserves have been widely promoted as conservation and fishery management tools. There are robust demonstrations of conservation benefits, but fishery benefits remain controversial. We show that marine reserves in Florida (United States) and St. Lucia have enhanced adjacent fisheries. Within 5 years of creation, a network of five small reserves in St. Lucia increased adjacent catches of artisanal fishers by between 46 and 90%, depending on the type of gear the fishers used. In Florida, reserve zones in the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge have supplied increasing numbers of world record-sized fish to adjacent recreational fisheries since the 1970s. Our study confirms theoretical predictions that marine reserves can play a key role in supporting fisheries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, C M -- Bohnsack, J A -- Gell, F -- Hawkins, J P -- Goodridge, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 30;294(5548):1920-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. cr10@york.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11729316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Biomass ; Cnidaria/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*methods/statistics & numerical data ; *Fishes/physiology ; Florida ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Saint Lucia ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Transgenic monkeys produced by retroviral gene transfer into mature oocytes (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Transgenic rhesus monkeys carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene were produced by injecting pseudotyped replication-defective retroviral vector into the perivitelline space of 224 mature rhesus oocytes, later fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Of the three males born from 20 embryo transfers, one was transgenic when accessible tissues were assayed for transgene DNA and messenger RNA. All tissues that were studied from a fraternal set of twins, miscarried at 73 days, carried the transgene, as confirmed by Southern analyses, and the GFP transgene reporter was detected by both direct and indirect fluorescence imaging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, A W -- Chong, K Y -- Martinovich, C -- Simerly, C -- Schatten, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 12;291(5502):309-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Center for Women's Health, and Departments of Cell-Developmental Biology and Obstetrics-Gynecology, Oregon Health Sciences University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11209082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Animals, Newborn ; Blotting, Southern ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression ; *Gene Transfer Techniques ; *Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Luminescent Proteins/*genetics ; Macaca mulatta/*genetics ; Male ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics ; Oocytes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Transgenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Medicine. Placebo-controls in short-term clinical trials of hypertension (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Al-Khatib, S M -- Califf, R M -- Hasselblad, V -- Alexander, J H -- McCrory, D C -- Sugarman, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 15;292(5524):2013-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA. alkha001@mc.duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11408643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antihypertensive Agents/*therapeutic use ; Bayes Theorem ; *Control Groups ; Ethics, Medical ; Humans ; Hypertension/*drug therapy ; Patient Selection ; *Placebos/adverse effects ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors
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    Role of nonimmune IgG bound to PfEMP1 in placental malaria (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-15
    Description: Infections with Plasmodium falciparum during pregnancy lead to the accumulation of parasitized red blood cells (infected erythrocytes, IEs) in the placenta. IEs of P. falciparum isolates that infect the human placenta were found to bind immunoglobulin G (IgG). A strain of P. falciparum cloned for IgG binding adhered massively to placental syncytiotrophoblasts in a pattern similar to that of natural infections. Adherence was inhibited by IgG-binding proteins, but not by glycosaminoglycans or enzymatic digestion of chondroitin sulfate A or hyaluronic acid. Normal, nonimmune IgG that is bound to a duffy binding-like domain beta of the P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) might at the IE surface act as a bridge to neonatal Fc receptors of the placenta.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flick, K -- Scholander, C -- Chen, Q -- Fernandez, V -- Pouvelle, B -- Gysin, J -- Wahlgren, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 14;293(5537):2098-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center (MTC), Karolinska Institutet and Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Box 280, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11557894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Chondroitin ABC Lyase/metabolism ; Chondroitin Sulfates/metabolism/pharmacology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Erythrocytes/metabolism/*parasitology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid/pharmacology ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology/*metabolism ; Malaria, Falciparum/immunology/*parasitology ; Placenta/blood supply/immunology/*parasitology ; Placenta Diseases/immunology/parasitology ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/immunology/*parasitology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism ; Receptors, Fc/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Staphylococcal Protein A/metabolism/pharmacology ; Trophoblasts/immunology/parasitology
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    Epigenetic instability in ES cells and cloned mice (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-07
    Description: Cloning by nuclear transfer (NT) is an inefficient process in which most clones die before birth and survivors often display growth abnormalities. In an effort to correlate gene expression with survival and fetal overgrowth, we have examined imprinted gene expression in both mice cloned by nuclear transfer and in the embryonic stem (ES) cell donor populations from which they were derived. The epigenetic state of the ES cell genome was found to be extremely unstable. Similarly, variation in imprinted gene expression was observed in most cloned mice, even in those derived from ES cells of the same subclone. Many of the animals survived to adulthood despite widespread gene dysregulation, indicating that mammalian development may be rather tolerant to epigenetic aberrations of the genome. These data imply that even apparently normal cloned animals may have subtle abnormalities in gene expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Humpherys, D -- Eggan, K -- Akutsu, H -- Hochedlinger, K -- Rideout , W M 3rd -- Biniszkiewicz, D -- Yanagimachi, R -- Jaenisch, R -- 5-R35-CA44339/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA84198/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 6;293(5527):95-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11441181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Birth Weight ; Cell Nucleus/*genetics ; Cesarean Section ; *Cloning, Organism/methods ; Congenital Abnormalities/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Embryo Loss/genetics ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Fetal Death/genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Silencing ; Genomic Imprinting/*genetics ; Mice ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Placenta/metabolism ; Placentation ; Polyploidy ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Respiration ; Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Functional neuroanatomical differences between adults and school-age children in the processing of single words (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: A critical issue in developmental cognitive neuroscience is the extent to which the functional neuroanatomy underlying task performance differs in adults and children. Direct comparisons of brain activation in the left frontal and extrastriate cortex were made in adults and children (aged 7 to 10 years) performing single-word processing tasks with visual presentation; differences were found in circumscribed frontal and extrastriate regions. Conceivably, these differences could be attributable exclusively to performance discrepancies; alternatively, maturational differences in functional neuroanatomy could exist despite similar performance. Some of the brain regions examined showed differences attributable to age independent of performance, suggesting that maturation of the pattern of regional activations for these tasks is incomplete at age 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schlaggar, Bradley L -- Brown, Timothy T -- Lugar, Heather M -- Visscher, Kristina M -- Miezin, Francis M -- Petersen, Steven E -- NS32979/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS51281/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS55582/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 24;296(5572):1476-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. schlaggarb@neuro.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12029136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Aging ; Analysis of Variance ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*growth & development/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Child ; Cognition ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology ; Humans ; *Language ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mental Processes
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    Quirks of fetal environment felt decades later (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2167-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birth Weight ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/etiology/physiopathology ; Diet ; *Disease Susceptibility ; Embryo Implantation ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Heart Diseases/epidemiology/etiology/physiopathology ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/metabolism ; Hypertension/epidemiology/etiology/physiopathology ; *Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Placenta/physiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology ; *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Risk Factors ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Endocrinology. This hormone has been relaxin' too long! (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ivell, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):637-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Hormone and Fertility Research, University of Hamburg, Grandweg 64, 22529 Hamburg, Germany. ivell@ihf.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Endometrium/metabolism ; Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin ; Leydig Cells/metabolism ; Lymphokines/metabolism ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Ovary/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*physiology ; *Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Peptide/chemistry/*physiology ; Relaxin/blood/*physiology ; Reproduction ; Signal Transduction ; Testis/physiology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; Vasodilation
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    The cortical topography of tonal structures underlying Western music (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-14
    Description: Western tonal music relies on a formal geometric structure that determines distance relationships within a harmonic or tonal space. In functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments, we identified an area in the rostromedial prefrontal cortex that tracks activation in tonal space. Different voxels in this area exhibited selectivity for different keys. Within the same set of consistently activated voxels, the topography of tonality selectivity rearranged itself across scanning sessions. The tonality structure was thus maintained as a dynamic topography in cortical areas known to be at a nexus of cognitive, affective, and mnemonic processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janata, Petr -- Birk, Jeffrey L -- Van Horn, John D -- Leman, Marc -- Tillmann, Barbara -- Bharucha, Jamshed J -- P50 NS17778-18/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2167-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth Brain Imaging Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. petr.janata@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Auditory Perception ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory ; Mental Processes ; Middle Aged ; Models, Neurological ; *Music ; Nerve Net/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Pitch Perception ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology/*physiology
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    The ecology of genetically modified mosquitoes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: Ecological and population biology issues constitute serious challenges to the application of genetically modified mosquitos (GMM) for disease control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scott, Thomas W -- Takken, Willem -- Knols, Bart G J -- Boete, Christophe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):117-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. twscott@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aedes/*genetics/physiology/virology ; Animals ; Anopheles/*genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Child ; Dengue/prevention & control/transmission ; Ecology ; Environment ; Genetics, Population ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/*genetics/parasitology/physiology/virology ; Insecticides ; Malaria/prevention & control/transmission ; *Organisms, Genetically Modified ; Pest Control, Biological ; Population Density ; Reproduction ; Transformation, Genetic ; Transgenes
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    Female germ cell aneuploidy and embryo death in mice lacking the meiosis-specific protein SCP3 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Aneuploidy (trisomy or monosomy) is the leading genetic cause of pregnancy loss in humans and results from errors in meiotic chromosome segregation. Here, we show that the absence of synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SCP3) promotes aneuploidy in murine oocytes by inducing defective meiotic chromosome segregation. The abnormal oocyte karyotype is inherited by embryos, which die in utero at an early stage of development. In addition, embryo death in SCP3-deficient females increases with advancing maternal age. We found that SCP3 is required for chiasmata formation and for the structural integrity of meiotic chromosomes, suggesting that altered chromosomal structure triggers nondisjunction. SCP3 is thus linked to inherited aneuploidy in female germ cells and provides a model system for studying age-dependent degeneration in oocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yuan, Li -- Liu, Jian-Guo -- Hoja, Mary-Rose -- Wilbertz, Johannes -- Nordqvist, Katarina -- Hoog, Christer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1115-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aneuploidy ; Animals ; Chromosome Segregation ; Chromosomes/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; *Embryo Loss ; Female ; Karyotyping ; Litter Size ; Male ; Maternal Age ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Nondisjunction, Genetic ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; Recombination, Genetic ; Synaptonemal Complex/physiology/ultrastructure
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    Is face processing species-specific during the first year of life? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: Between 6 and 10 months of age, the infant's ability to discriminate among native speech sounds improves, whereas the same ability to discriminate among foreign speech sounds decreases. Our study aimed to determine whether this perceptual narrowing is unique to language or might also apply to face processing. We tested discrimination of human and monkey faces by 6-month-olds, 9-month-olds, and adults, using the visual paired-comparison procedure. Only the youngest group showed discrimination between individuals of both species; older infants and adults only showed evidence of discrimination of their own species. These results suggest that the "perceptual narrowing" phenomenon may represent a more general change in neural networks involved in early cognition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pascalis, Olivier -- de Haan, Michelle -- Nelson, Charles A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1321-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK. o.pascalis@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Aging ; Animals ; Evoked Potentials ; *Face ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; *Recognition (Psychology) ; Species Specificity ; Speech Perception
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    Television viewing and aggressive behavior during adolescence and adulthood (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: Television viewing and aggressive behavior were assessed over a 17-year interval in a community sample of 707 individuals. There was a significant association between the amount of time spent watching television during adolescence and early adulthood and the likelihood of subsequent aggressive acts against others. This association remained significant after previous aggressive behavior, childhood neglect, family income, neighborhood violence, parental education, and psychiatric disorders were controlled statistically.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Jeffrey G -- Cohen, Patricia -- Smailes, Elizabeth M -- Kasen, Stephanie -- Brook, Judith S -- DA-03188/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH-36971/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2468-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. jjohnso@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Aggression ; Child Abuse ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Income ; Interviews as Topic ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Sex Characteristics ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Television ; Theft ; Time Factors ; *Violence
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A South African perspective on 2001 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Timothy Trengove -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2015.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11898821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; Drug Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Female ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control ; Jurisprudence ; Nevirapine/therapeutic use ; *Politics ; Pregnancy ; Preventive Health Services/*legislation & jurisprudence ; South Africa
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    Signal-driven computations in speech processing (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-31
    Description: Learning a language requires both statistical computations to identify words in speech and algebraic-like computations to discover higher level (grammatical) structure. Here we show that these computations can be influenced by subtle cues in the speech signal. After a short familiarization to a continuous speech stream, adult listeners are able to segment it using powerful statistics, but they fail to extract the structural regularities included in the stream even when the familiarization is greatly extended. With the introduction of subliminal segmentation cues, however, these regularities can be rapidly captured.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pena, Marcela -- Bonatti, Luca L -- Nespor, Marina -- Mehler, Jacques -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):604-7. Epub 2002 Aug 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12202684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cues ; France ; Humans ; *Language ; *Learning ; *Linguistics ; Phonetics ; Probability ; *Speech Perception ; Statistics as Topic ; Vocabulary
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    Truncating neurotrypsin mutation in autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: A 4-base pair deletion in the neuronal serine protease neurotrypsin gene was associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic mental retardation (MR). In situ hybridization experiments on human fetal brains showed that neurotrypsin was highly expressed in brain structures involved in learning and memory. Immuno-electron microscopy on adult human brain sections revealed that neurotrypsin is located in presynaptic nerve endings, particularly over the presynaptic membrane lining the synaptic cleft. These findings suggest that neurotrypsin-mediated proteolysis is required for normal synaptic function and suggest potential insights into the pathophysiological bases of mental retardation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Molinari, Florence -- Rio, Marlene -- Meskenaite, Virginia -- Encha-Razavi, Ferechte -- Auge, Joelle -- Bacq, Delphine -- Briault, Sylvain -- Vekemans, Michel -- Munnich, Arnold -- Attie-Bitach, Tania -- Sonderegger, Peter -- Colleaux, Laurence -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1779-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Unite de Recherches sur les Handicaps Genetiques de l'Enfant, INSERM U-393, et Departement de Genetique, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/embryology/*metabolism ; Female ; Fetus/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Recessive ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intellectual Disability/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Pedigree ; *Sequence Deletion ; Serine Endopeptidases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/embryology/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Synaptic Membranes/metabolism
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    European patents. Tough stance on stem cell, DNA claims (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):754-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Biotechnology/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Cloning, Organism/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; *DNA/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Europe ; Genes ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Stem Cells/metabolism ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Natural iron isotope variations in human blood (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-16
    Description: Isotopic analysis of human blood and liver and muscle tissue indicates that each individual bears a long-term iron (Fe) isotope signature in the blood. Blood and tissue differ slightly in isotopic composition and are depleted by up to 2.6 per mil in 56Fe relative to 54Fe when compared to dietary Fe. The 56Fe/54Fe isotope ratio in the blood of males is, on average, lower by 0.3 per mil than that of females. These results suggest that Fe isotope effects in the blood reflect differences in intestinal Fe absorption between individuals and genotypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walczyk, Thomas -- von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 15;295(5562):2065-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Seestrasse 72, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland. thomas.walczyk@ilw.agrl.ethz.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Female ; Food Analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Intestinal Absorption ; Iron/*blood/metabolism ; Iron Isotopes/*blood/metabolism ; Iron, Dietary/administration & dosage/*metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Meat ; Muscles/metabolism ; Reference Values ; Sex Characteristics
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    Generation of live young from xenografted mouse ovaries (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snow, Melanie -- Cox, Shae-Lee -- Jenkin, Graham -- Trounson, Alan -- Shaw, Jillian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia, 3800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryo Loss ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gonadotropins, Equine/administration & dosage ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Nude ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovariectomy ; Ovary/*transplantation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Rats ; *Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; *Transplantation, Heterologous
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    Psychology. The effects of media violence on society (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Craig A -- Bushman, Brad J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2377-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3180, USA. caa@iastate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *Aggression ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; *Social Problems ; *Television ; Time Factors ; *Violence
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    alpha-Synuclein gene and Parkinson's disease. The French Parkinson's Disease Study Group (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 20;279(5354):1116-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9508681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Female ; France ; Genes, Dominant ; Humans ; Italy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Parkinson Disease/*genetics ; Synucleins ; alpha-Synuclein
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    An allele of COL9A2 associated with intervertebral disc disease (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-20
    Description: Intervertebral disc disease is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders. A number of environmental and anthropometric risk factors may contribute to it, and recent reports have suggested the importance of genetic factors as well. The COL9A2 gene, which codes for one of the polypeptide chains of collagen IX that is expressed in the intervertebral disc, was screened for sequence variations in individuals with intervertebral disc disease. The analysis identified a putative disease-causing sequence variation that converted a codon for glutamine to one for tryptophan in six out of the 157 individuals but in none of 174 controls. The tryptophan allele cosegregated with the disease phenotype in the four families studied, giving a lod score (logarithm of odds ratio) for linkage of 4.5, and subsequent linkage disequilibrium analysis conditional on linkage gave an additional lod score of 7.1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Annunen, S -- Paassilta, P -- Lohiniva, J -- Perala, M -- Pihlajamaa, T -- Karppinen, J -- Tervonen, O -- Kroger, H -- Lahde, S -- Vanharanta, H -- Ryhanen, L -- Goring, H H -- Ott, J -- Prockop, D J -- Ala-Kokko, L -- AR39740/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HG00008/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 16;285(5426):409-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10411504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Case-Control Studies ; Codon ; Collagen/chemistry/*genetics ; *Collagen Type IX ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement/*genetics ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Penetrance ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sciatica/*genetics ; Tryptophan/genetics
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    Cortical mechanisms of human imitation (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-05
    Description: How does imitation occur? How can the motor plans necessary for imitating an action derive from the observation of that action? Imitation may be based on a mechanism directly matching the observed action onto an internal motor representation of that action ("direct matching hypothesis"). To test this hypothesis, normal human participants were asked to observe and imitate a finger movement and to perform the same movement after spatial or symbolic cues. Brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. If the direct matching hypothesis is correct, there should be areas that become active during finger movement, regardless of how it is evoked, and their activation should increase when the same movement is elicited by the observation of an identical movement made by another individual. Two areas with these properties were found in the left inferior frontal cortex (opercular region) and the rostral-most region of the right superior parietal lobule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iacoboni, M -- Woods, R P -- Brass, M -- Bekkering, H -- Mazziotta, J C -- Rizzolatti, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 24;286(5449):2526-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brain Mapping Center, Neuropsychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7085, USA. iacoboni@loni.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10617472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Female ; Fingers/physiology ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Humans ; Imitative Behavior/*physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Movement ; Neurons/physiology ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology
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    Perspectives: cognition. An innate basis for language? (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bishop, D V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2283-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK. dorothy.bishop@psy.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10636789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/growth & development/*physiology/physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Cognition ; Humans ; *Language Development ; Mathematics ; Memory, Short-Term ; Middle Aged ; Vocabulary ; Williams Syndrome/genetics/*physiopathology/psychology
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    Breakthroughs 1999 (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloom, F E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10636784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Bioethics ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; Research ; *Stem Cells/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    KDR receptor: a key marker defining hematopoietic stem cells (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-08
    Description: Studies on pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been hindered by lack of a positive marker, comparable to the CD34 marker of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). In human postnatal hematopoietic tissues, 0.1 to 0.5% of CD34(+) cells expressed vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2, also known as KDR). Pluripotent HSCs were restricted to the CD34+KDR+ cell fraction. Conversely, lineage-committed HPCs were in the CD34+KDR- subset. On the basis of limiting dilution analysis, the HSC frequency in the CD34+KDR+ fraction was 20 percent in bone marrow (BM) by mouse xenograft assay and 25 to 42 percent in BM, peripheral blood, and cord blood by 12-week long-term culture (LTC) assay. The latter values rose to 53 to 63 percent in LTC supplemented with VEGF and to greater than 95 percent for the cell subfraction resistant to growth factor starvation. Thus, KDR is a positive functional marker defining stem cells and distinguishing them from progenitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ziegler, B L -- Valtieri, M -- Porada, G A -- De Maria, R -- Muller, R -- Masella, B -- Gabbianelli, M -- Casella, I -- Pelosi, E -- Bock, T -- Zanjani, E D -- Peschle, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1553-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tubingen, Otfried-Muller-Strasse 10, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD34/*analysis ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Female ; Fetal Blood/cytology ; Fetus ; Flow Cytometry ; *Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/chemistry/*cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Lymphokines/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*analysis/physiology ; Receptors, Growth Factor/*analysis/physiology ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; Sheep ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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    Aging-dependent large accumulation of point mutations in the human mtDNA control region for replication (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: Progressive damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) during life is thought to contribute to aging processes. However, this idea has been difficult to reconcile with the small fraction of mtDNA so far found to be altered. Here, examination of mtDNA revealed high copy point mutations at specific positions in the control region for replication of human fibroblast mtDNA from normal old, but not young, individuals. Furthermore, in longitudinal studies, one or more mutations appeared in an individual only at an advanced age. Some mutations appeared in more than one individual. Most strikingly, a T414G transversion was found, in a generally high proportion (up to 50 percent) of mtDNA molecules, in 8 of 14 individuals above 65 years of age (57 percent) but was absent in 13 younger individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Michikawa, Y -- Mazzucchelli, F -- Bresolin, N -- Scarlato, G -- Attardi, G -- AG-12117-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):774-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531063" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; DNA Replication/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/biosynthesis/chemistry/*genetics ; Fetus ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Longitudinal Studies ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes ; *Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pseudogenes
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Breakthrough of the year. Capturing the promise of youth (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 17;286(5448):2238-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10636772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Bioethics ; *Biomedical Research ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; Internationality ; Mice ; Public Policy ; *Stem Cells/cytology/physiology
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    The role of area 17 in visual imagery: convergent evidence from PET and rTMS (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-02
    Description: Visual imagery is used in a wide range of mental activities, ranging from memory to reasoning, and also plays a role in perception proper. The contribution of early visual cortex, specifically Area 17, to visual mental imagery was examined by the use of two convergent techniques. In one, subjects closed their eyes during positron emission tomography (PET) while they visualized and compared properties (for example, relative length) of sets of stripes. The results showed that when people perform this task, Area 17 is activated. In the other, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied to medial occipital cortex before presentation of the same task. Performance was impaired after rTMS compared with a sham control condition; similar results were obtained when the subjects performed the task by actually looking at the stimuli. In sum, the PET results showed that when patterns of stripes are visualized, Area 17 is activated, and the rTMS results showed that such activation underlies information processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kosslyn, S M -- Pascual-Leone, A -- Felician, O -- Camposano, S -- Keenan, J P -- Thompson, W L -- Ganis, G -- Sukel, K E -- Alpert, N M -- R01 EY12091/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH57980/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):167-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. smk@wjh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Brain Mapping ; Humans ; Imagination/*physiology ; Magnetics ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Visual Cortex/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Visual Perception/physiology
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    Cheap treatment cuts HIV transmission (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 12;283(5404):916-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10075556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; *Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Ethics, Medical ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control ; Labor, Obstetric ; Lamivudine/therapeutic use ; Placebos ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*drug therapy ; Zidovudine/therapeutic use
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    Prevention of acute liver failure in rats with reversibly immortalized human hepatocytes (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: Because of a critical shortage in suitable organs, many patients with terminal liver disease die each year before liver transplantation can be performed. Transplantation of isolated hepatocytes has been proposed for the temporary metabolic support of patients awaiting liver transplantation or spontaneous reversion of their liver disease. A major limitation of this form of therapy is the present inability to isolate an adequate number of transplantable hepatocytes. A highly differentiated cell line, NKNT-3, was generated by retroviral transfer in normal primary adult human hepatocytes of an immortalizing gene that can be subsequently and completely excised by Cre/Lox site-specific recombination. When transplanted into the spleen of rats under transient immunosuppression, reversibly immortalized NKNT-3 cells provided life-saving metabolic support during acute liver failure induced by 90% hepatectomy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kobayashi, N -- Fujiwara, T -- Westerman, K A -- Inoue, Y -- Sakaguchi, M -- Noguchi, H -- Miyazaki, M -- Cai, J -- Tanaka, N -- Fox, I J -- Leboulch, P -- DK48794/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL55435/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 18;287(5456):1258-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉First Department of Surgery and Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10678831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics ; Cell Culture Techniques/*methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transplantation ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Integrases/metabolism ; Liver/*cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Liver Failure, Acute/metabolism/pathology/*prevention & control/therapy ; Liver Regeneration ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Rats ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Spleen/cytology ; Transfection ; *Viral Proteins
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    Can old cells learn new tricks? (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1418-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Bioethics ; *Biomedical Research ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Separation ; Cell Transplantation ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Linkage of plasma Abeta42 to a quantitative locus on chromosome 10 in late-onset Alzheimer's disease pedigrees (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-12-23
    Description: Plasma Abeta42 (amyloid beta42 peptide) is invariably elevated in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it is also increased in the first-degree relatives of patients with typical late-onset AD (LOAD). To detect LOAD loci that increase Abeta42, we used plasma Abeta42 as a surrogate trait and performed linkage analysis on extended AD pedigrees identified through a LOAD patient with extremely high plasma Abeta. Here, we report linkage to chromosome 10 with a maximal lod score of 3.93 at 81 centimorgans close to D10S1225. Remarkably, linkage to the same region was obtained independently in a genome-wide screen of LOAD sibling pairs. These results provide strong evidence for a novel LOAD locus on chromosome 10 that acts to increase Abeta.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ertekin-Taner, N -- Graff-Radford, N -- Younkin, L H -- Eckman, C -- Baker, M -- Adamson, J -- Ronald, J -- Blangero, J -- Hutton, M -- Younkin, S G -- AG06656/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH59490/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG16574/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Dec 22;290(5500):2303-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/*blood/*genetics ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*blood/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/*genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Peptide Fragments/*blood/genetics ; Phenotype ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable
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    A critical role for murine complement regulator crry in fetomaternal tolerance (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-22
    Description: Complement is a component of natural immunity. Its regulation is needed to protect tissues from inflammation, but mice with a disrupted gene for the complement regulator decay accelerating factor were normal. Mice that were deficient in another murine complement regulator, Crry, were generated to investigate its role in vivo. Survival of Crry-/- embryos was compromised because of complement deposition and concomitant placenta inflammation. Complement activation at the fetomaternal interface caused the fetal loss because breeding to C3-/- mice rescued Crry-/- mice from lethality. Thus, the regulation of complement is critical in fetal control of maternal processes that mediate tissue damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, C -- Mao, D -- Holers, V M -- Palanca, B -- Cheng, A M -- Molina, H -- R01 AI40576-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI44912-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 21;287(5452):498-501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10642554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Complement Activation ; Complement C3/analysis/immunology ; Embryo, Mammalian/*immunology/metabolism ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; *Immune Tolerance ; Mice ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Pregnancy ; Receptors, Complement/genetics/*physiology ; Trophoblasts/immunology/metabolism
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    Replaying the game: hypnagogic images in normals and amnesics (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-13
    Description: Participants playing the computer game Tetris reported intrusive, stereotypical, visual images of the game at sleep onset. Three amnesic patients with extensive bilateral medial temporal lobe damage produced similar hypnagogic reports despite being unable to recall playing the game, suggesting that such imagery may arise without important contribution from the declarative memory system. In addition, control participants reported images from previously played versions of the game, demonstrating that remote memories can influence the images from recent waking experience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stickgold, R -- Malia, A -- Maguire, D -- Roddenberry, D -- O'Connor, M -- MH-13,923/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-48,832/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS26985/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH092638/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 13;290(5490):350-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 74 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA. rstickgold@hms.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11030656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Amnesia/*physiopathology ; Arousal ; Brain/*physiology ; Dreams/*physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology/physiopathology ; Humans ; Learning ; Memory/*physiology ; Middle Aged ; Sleep Stages/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/physiology/physiopathology ; *Video Games
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    Activating mineralocorticoid receptor mutation in hypertension exacerbated by pregnancy (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-07
    Description: Hypertension and pregnancy-related hypertension are major public health problems of largely unknown causes. We describe a mutation in the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), S810L, that causes early-onset hypertension that is markedly exacerbated in pregnancy. This mutation results in constitutive MR activity and alters receptor specificity, with progesterone and other steroids lacking 21-hydroxyl groups, normally MR antagonists, becoming potent agonists. Structural and biochemical studies indicate that the mutation results in the gain of a van der Waals interaction between helix 5 and helix 3 that substitutes for interaction of the steroid 21-hydroxyl group with helix 3 in the wild-type receptor. This helix 5-helix 3 interaction is highly conserved among diverse nuclear hormone receptors, suggesting its general role in receptor activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geller, D S -- Farhi, A -- Pinkerton, N -- Fradley, M -- Moritz, M -- Spitzer, A -- Meinke, G -- Tsai, F T -- Sigler, P B -- Lifton, R P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 7;289(5476):119-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Room 154, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10884226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Aldosterone/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Base Sequence ; Binding, Competitive ; Dimerization ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Hypertension/etiology/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/etiology/metabolism ; Progesterone/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid/chemistry/metabolism ; Steroids/metabolism
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    Vaccines. Searching for a parasite's weak spot (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Using a host of new technologies, vaccine developers are trying to target the malaria parasite at every stage of its complex life cycle. Researchers now predict that within 5 or 10 years they will have a successful vaccine that will actually save lives. But in malaria vaccine research, the concept of "success" comes with caveats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taubes, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 20;290(5491):434-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/biosynthesis/immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; Child, Preschool ; Culicidae/parasitology ; Erythrocytes/parasitology ; Humans ; Liver/parasitology ; Malaria/parasitology/*prevention & control/transmission ; *Malaria Vaccines/immunology ; Plasmodium/growth & development/*immunology ; Protozoan Proteins/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Vaccines, DNA/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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    Mitotic misregulation and human aging (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-31
    Description: Messenger RNA levels were measured in actively dividing fibroblasts isolated from young, middle-age, and old-age humans and humans with progeria, a rare genetic disorder characterized by accelerated aging. Genes whose expression is associated with age-related phenotypes and diseases were identified. The data also suggest that an underlying mechanism of the aging process involves increasing errors in the mitotic machinery of dividing cells in the postreproductive stage of life. We propose that this dysfunction leads to chromosomal pathologies that result in misregulation of genes involved in the aging process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ly, D H -- Lockhart, D J -- Lerner, R A -- Schultz, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 31;287(5462):2486-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10741968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/*genetics/pathology ; Biochemical Phenomena ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Child ; Chromosome Segregation/genetics ; Disease/etiology ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mitosis/genetics ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phenotype ; Progeria/*genetics/pathology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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    Profile: McIntyre and Gray have a will and a way (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2000-07-15
    Description: At the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital here, where HIV infects more than 20% of the 17,000 pregnant women who give birth here each year, pediatrician Glenda Gray and obstetrician James McIntyre aggressively try to help HIV-infected pregnant women stop the virus from infecting their babies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2163.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10896602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Female ; HIV Infections/diagnosis/drug therapy/prevention & control/*transmission ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; *Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; South Africa
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    HIV transmission. AIDS researchers look to Africa for new insights (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 11;287(5455):942-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10691560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Adult ; Africa/epidemiology ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Breast Feeding ; Developing Countries ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prevalence ; Sexual Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Proximity of chromosomal loci that participate in radiation-induced rearrangements in human cells (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-06
    Description: Rearrangements involving the RET gene are common in radiation-associated papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The RET/PTC1 type of rearrangement is an inversion of chromosome 10 mediated by illegitimate recombination between the RET and the H4 genes, which are 30 megabases apart. Here we ask whether despite the great linear distance between them, RET and H4 recombination might be promoted by their proximity in the nucleus. We used two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization and three-dimensional microscopy to map the positions of the RET and H4 loci within interphase nuclei. At least one pair of RET and H4 was juxtaposed in 35% of normal human thyroid cells and in 21% of peripheral blood lymphocytes, but only in 6% of normal mammary epithelial cells. Spatial contiguity of RET and H4 may provide a structural basis for generation of RET/PTC1 rearrangement by allowing a single radiation track to produce a double-strand break in each gene at the same site in the nucleus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nikiforova, M N -- Stringer, J R -- Blough, R -- Medvedovic, M -- Fagin, J A -- Nikiforov, Y E -- CA 72597/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 ES 05652-10/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 6;290(5489):138-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11021799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Breast/cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/*genetics ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Epithelial Cells ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Interphase ; Lymphocytes ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/*genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Proteins/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Thyroid Gland/*cytology/*radiation effects ; Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Alternative views on alternative medicine (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curry, E P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 14;289(5477):245-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10917846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Asphyxia/etiology ; Breast Neoplasms/therapy ; Child ; *Complementary Therapies ; Female ; Humans ; Medical Errors/adverse effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 78
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    Embryos attacked by mom's natural defenses (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hagmann, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 21;287(5452):408.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10671158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Complement Activation ; Complement System Proteins/*immunology ; Embryo, Mammalian/*immunology ; Female ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Immunity, Innate ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Pregnancy ; Receptors, Complement/genetics/*physiology ; Trophoblasts/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 79
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    Human subjects. Volunteer's death prompts review (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jun 22;292(5525):2226-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academic Medical Centers ; Adult ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Baltimore ; *Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Ganglionic Blockers/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Hexamethonium/*administration & dosage/adverse effects ; *Human Experimentation ; Humans ; Lung/physiology ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Subjects ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 80
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    Clinical research. Procedures faulted in fatal asthma trial (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):405-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11463883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Academic Medical Centers ; Administration, Inhalation ; Adult ; Asthma/*physiopathology ; Baltimore ; Clinical Protocols ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/*standards ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Ganglionic Blockers/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Hexamethonium/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; *Human Experimentation ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Professional Staff Committees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    Fast backprojections from the motion to the primary visual area necessary for visual awareness (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-21
    Description: Much is known about the pathways from photoreceptors to higher visual areas in the brain. However, how we become aware of what we see or of having seen at all is a problem that has eluded neuroscience. Recordings from macaque V1 during deactivation of MT+/V5 and psychophysical studies of perceptual integration suggest that feedback from secondary visual areas to V1 is necessary for visual awareness. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe the timing and function of feedback from human area MT+/V5 to V1 and found its action to be early and critical for awareness of visual motion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pascual-Leone, A -- Walsh, V -- R01-EY12873/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):510-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Magnetic Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Kirstein Hall KS454, Boston MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11313497" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Awareness ; Brain Mapping ; Feedback ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetics ; Male ; *Motion Perception ; Phosphenes ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Pathways
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 82
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    Regional mu opioid receptor regulation of sensory and affective dimensions of pain (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: The endogenous opioid system is involved in stress responses, in the regulation of the experience of pain, and in the action of analgesic opiate drugs. We examined the function of the opioid system and mu-opioid receptors in the brains of healthy human subjects undergoing sustained pain. Sustained pain induced the regional release of endogenous opioids interacting with mu-opioid receptors in a number of cortical and subcortical brain regions. The activation of the mu-opioid receptor system was associated with reductions in the sensory and affective ratings of the pain experience, with distinct neuroanatomical involvements. These data demonstrate the central role of the mu-opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands in the regulation of sensory and affective components of the pain experience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zubieta, J K -- Smith, Y R -- Bueller, J A -- Xu, Y -- Kilbourn, M R -- Jewett, D M -- Meyer, C R -- Koeppe, R A -- Stohler, C S -- R01 DE 12059/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE 12743/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):311-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Research Institute, Medical School, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1687, USA. zubieta@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amygdala/physiology ; Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Fentanyl/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Masseter Muscle ; Opioid Peptides/physiology ; *Pain ; Pain Measurement ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/*physiology ; Thalamus/physiology ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 83
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    Zoo biology. A fertile mind on wildlife conservation's front lines (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1271-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Zoo/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Cryopreservation ; *Elephants/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Female ; Genitalia, Female/*ultrasonography ; Insemination, Artificial/*veterinary ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Semen Preservation ; Ultrasonography/*veterinary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Linguistics. From the mouths (and hands) of babes (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1758-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Documentation ; Education of Hearing Disabled ; Humans ; Infant ; *Linguistics/methods ; Nicaragua ; *Persons With Hearing Impairments ; Schools ; *Sign Language ; Space Perception ; Students ; Video Recording ; Vocabulary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    Driving a stake into resurgent TB (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):234-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; *BCG Vaccine/administration & dosage/economics ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Genome, Bacterial ; Global Health ; Humans ; Mycobacterium leprae/genetics ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics/immunology ; Tuberculosis/economics/epidemiology/immunology/*prevention & control ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/immunology/prevention & control ; Vaccines, DNA/genetics ; Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    Neuroscience. Does grammar start where statistics stop? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seidenberg, Mark S -- MacDonald, Maryellen C -- Saffran, Jenny R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):553-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. marks@lcnl.wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386323" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cues ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language ; Language Development ; *Learning ; *Linguistics ; Phonetics ; Probability ; *Speech Perception ; Statistics as Topic ; Vocabulary
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    Mother-to-child HIV transmission and ARVs (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Vlas, Sake J -- Nagelkerke, Nico J D -- Jha, Prabhat -- Plummer, Frank A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/economics/*therapeutic use ; Child ; Developing Countries ; Drug Costs ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; HIV/drug effects/physiology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/prevention & control/*transmission/virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Viral Load
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 88
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    Covariation of synaptonemal complex length and mammalian meiotic exchange rates (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-08
    Description: Analysis of recombination between loci (linkage analysis) has been a cornerstone of human genetic research, enabling investigators to localize and, ultimately, identify genetic loci. However, despite these efforts little is known about patterns of meiotic exchange in human germ cells or the mechanisms that control these patterns. Using recently developed immunofluorescence methodology to examine exchanges in human spermatocytes, we have identified remarkable variation in the rate of recombination within and among individuals. Subsequent analyses indicate that, in humans and mice, this variation is linked to differences in the length of the synaptonemal complex. Thus, at least in mammals, a physical structure, the synaptonemal complex, reflects genetic rather than physical distance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynn, Audrey -- Koehler, Kara E -- Judis, LuAnn -- Chan, Ernest R -- Cherry, Jonathan P -- Schwartz, Stuart -- Seftel, Allen -- Hunt, Patricia A -- Hassold, Terry J -- HD07518/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD21341/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD37502/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2222-5. Epub 2002 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12052900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins ; Chromosomes, Human/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Crossing Over, Genetic ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins/analysis ; Nuclear Proteins ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Spermatocytes/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Synaptonemal Complex/*ultrastructure
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    Another unmet public health need (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Susan P -- Baker, Timothy D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1237.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12025831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; *Public Health ; *Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology/mortality
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  • 90
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    Alcohol consumption impairs detection of performance errors in mediofrontal cortex (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-11-09
    Description: The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a critical component of the human mediofrontal neural circuit that monitors ongoing processing in the cognitive system for signs of erroneous outcomes. Here, we show that the consumption of alcohol in moderate doses induces a significant deterioration of the ability to detect the activation of erroneous responses as reflected in the amplitude of brain electrical activity associated with the ACC. This impairment was accompanied by failures to instigate performance adjustments after these errors. These findings offer insights into how the effects of alcohol on mediofrontal brain function may result in compromised performance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ridderinkhof, K Richard -- de Vlugt, Yolande -- Bramlage, Aldo -- Spaan, Marcus -- Elton, Martin -- Snel, Jan -- Band, Guido P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2209-11. Epub 2002 Nov 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands. richard@psy.uva.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12424384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholic Beverages ; *Cognition ; Double-Blind Method ; Electroencephalography ; Ethanol/administration & dosage ; Evoked Potentials ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; *Psychomotor Performance
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    A gender gap in autoimmunity (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitacre, C C -- Reingold, S C -- O'Looney, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1277-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. whitacre.3@osu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10084932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation ; *Autoimmune Diseases/genetics/immunology/therapy ; *Autoimmunity ; Cytokines/biosynthesis/immunology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/physiology ; Hormones/physiology ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/immunology ; *Sex Characteristics ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 92
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    How embryos may avoid immune attack (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gura, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 21;281(5380):1122-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9735025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryo, Mammalian/*immunology ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; *Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Mice ; Placenta/enzymology ; Pregnancy ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Trophoblasts/*enzymology ; Tryptophan/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Tryptophan Oxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 93
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    Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-04-02
    Description: Human mesenchymal stem cells are thought to be multipotent cells, which are present in adult marrow, that can replicate as undifferentiated cells and that have the potential to differentiate to lineages of mesenchymal tissues, including bone, cartilage, fat, tendon, muscle, and marrow stroma. Cells that have the characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from marrow aspirates of volunteer donors. These cells displayed a stable phenotype and remained as a monolayer in vitro. These adult stem cells could be induced to differentiate exclusively into the adipocytic, chondrocytic, or osteocytic lineages. Individual stem cells were identified that, when expanded to colonies, retained their multilineage potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pittenger, M F -- Mackay, A M -- Beck, S C -- Jaiswal, R K -- Douglas, R -- Mosca, J D -- Moorman, M A -- Simonetti, D W -- Craig, S -- Marshak, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Osiris Therapeutics, 2001 Aliceanna Street, Baltimore, MD 21231-3043, USA. mpittenger@osiristx.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/*cytology ; Adult ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; *Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes/*cytology ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Mesoderm/*cytology ; Middle Aged ; Osteocytes/*cytology ; Phenotype ; Stem Cells/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Dissociating pain from its anticipation in the human brain (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-06-18
    Description: The experience of pain is subjectively different from the fear and anxiety caused by threats of pain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy humans was applied to dissociate neural activation patterns associated with acute pain and its anticipation. Expectation of pain activated sites within the medial frontal lobe, insular cortex, and cerebellum distinct from, but close to, locations mediating pain experience itself. Anticipation of pain can in its own right cause mood changes and behavioral adaptations that exacerbate the suffering experienced by chronic pain patients. Selective manipulations of activity at these sites may offer therapeutic possibilities for treating chronic pain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ploghaus, A -- Tracey, I -- Gati, J S -- Clare, S -- Menon, R S -- Matthews, P M -- Rawlins, J N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jun 18;284(5422):1979-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK. alex@fmrib.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10373114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anxiety/*physiopathology ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebellum/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Cues ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pain/*physiopathology/*psychology ; Pain Measurement ; Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Interactions of prefrontal cortex in relation to awareness in sensory learning (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-05-29
    Description: In an associative learning paradigm, human subjects could be divided based on whether they were aware that one tone predicted a visual event and another did not. Only aware subjects acquired a differential behavioral response to the tones. Regional cerebral blood flow in left prefrontal cortex showed learning-related changes only in aware subjects. Left prefrontal cortex also showed changes in functional connectivity with contralateral prefrontal cortex, sensory association cortices, and cerebellum. Several of the interacting areas correlated with aware subjects' behavior. These results suggest cerebral processes underlying awareness are mediated through interactions of large-scale neurocognitive systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McIntosh, A R -- Rajah, M N -- Lobaugh, N J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 28;284(5419):1531-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada. mcintosh@psych.utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10348741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Adult ; Association Learning/*physiology ; *Awareness ; Brain/physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Photic Stimulation ; Prefrontal Cortex/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    The predictive value of changes in effective connectivity for human learning (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-05
    Description: During learning, neural responses decrease over repeated exposure to identical stimuli. This repetition suppression is thought to reflect a progressive optimization of neuronal responses elicited by the task. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to study the neural basis of associative learning of visual objects and their locations. As expected, activation in specialized cortical areas decreased with time. However, with path analysis it was shown that, in parallel to this adaptation, increases in effective connectivity occurred between distinct cortical systems specialized for spatial and object processing. The time course of these plastic changes was highly correlated with individual learning performance, suggesting that interactions between brain areas underlie associative learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buchel, C -- Coull, J T -- Friston, K J -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 5;283(5407):1538-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. c.buechel@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Association Learning/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Echo-Planar Imaging ; Female ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Temporal Lobe/physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; Visual Pathways/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Animal cloning. Clones: a hard act to follow (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-06
    Description: Often left out of news reports of cloned animals is the fact that for every 100 attempts, just two or three live offspring typically result. Now many researchers are going back to the lab to attempt to find out why. They are probing fundamental questions of cell biology, as well as trying to figure out whether there is something inherently flawed in "asexual" reproduction in mammals, or whether some problem lies in the in vitro component of the process. For now, the serious obstacles suggest that human cloning may be a long way off.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 9;288(5472):1722-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10877684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/embryology/genetics ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Bioethics ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; *Cloning, Organism/adverse effects/economics/methods ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Humans ; Mice/embryology/genetics ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Pregnancy ; Primates/embryology/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Biotechnology. Perseverance leads to cloned pig in Japan (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-02
    Description: Low success rates and unpredictable results have plagued cloning researchers, particularly those trying to clone pigs. Now, on page 1188, Japanese researchers offer the first scientific report of a cloned pig, named Xena, raising hopes that pigs could one day provide an unlimited supply of organs for transplantation thanks to their close physiological relationship to humans. But this week those hopes were dealt a blow by more evidence suggesting that pig retroviruses can infect human cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Aug 18;289(5482):1118-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10970216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cloning, Organism/*methods ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fibroblasts/ultrastructure ; Japan ; Microinjections ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Pregnancy ; *Swine/embryology/genetics ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    The outcome of acute hepatitis C predicted by the evolution of the viral quasispecies (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-15
    Description: The mechanisms by which hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces chronic infection in the vast majority of infected individuals are unknown. Sequences within the HCV E1 and E2 envelope genes were analyzed during the acute phase of hepatitis C in 12 patients with different clinical outcomes. Acute resolving hepatitis was associated with relative evolutionary stasis of the heterogeneous viral population (quasispecies), whereas progressing hepatitis correlated with genetic evolution of HCV. Consistent with the hypothesis of selective pressure by the host immune system, the sequence changes occurred almost exclusively within the hypervariable region 1 of the E2 gene and were temporally correlated with antibody seroconversion. These data indicate that the evolutionary dynamics of the HCV quasispecies during the acute phase of hepatitis C predict whether the infection will resolve or become chronic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farci, P -- Shimoda, A -- Coiana, A -- Diaz, G -- Peddis, G -- Melpolder, J C -- Strazzera, A -- Chien, D Y -- Munoz, S J -- Balestrieri, A -- Purcell, R H -- Alter, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Apr 14;288(5464):339-44.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124 Cagliari, Italy. farcip@pacs.unica.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10764648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Viral ; Disease Progression ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Variation ; Hepacivirus/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Hepatitis C/immunology/*virology ; Hepatitis C Antibodies/biosynthesis ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/immunology/*virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Prospective Studies ; Selection, Genetic ; Time Factors ; Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics/immunology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Hypertension. Mutation points to salt recycling pathway (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 7;289(5476):23-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10928921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldosterone/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/etiology/*genetics/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Male ; *Point Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/etiology/metabolism ; Progesterone/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Sodium Chloride/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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