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  • 1
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    KDR receptor: a key marker defining hematopoietic stem cells (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-09-08
    Description: Studies on pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been hindered by lack of a positive marker, comparable to the CD34 marker of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). In human postnatal hematopoietic tissues, 0.1 to 0.5% of CD34(+) cells expressed vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2, also known as KDR). Pluripotent HSCs were restricted to the CD34+KDR+ cell fraction. Conversely, lineage-committed HPCs were in the CD34+KDR- subset. On the basis of limiting dilution analysis, the HSC frequency in the CD34+KDR+ fraction was 20 percent in bone marrow (BM) by mouse xenograft assay and 25 to 42 percent in BM, peripheral blood, and cord blood by 12-week long-term culture (LTC) assay. The latter values rose to 53 to 63 percent in LTC supplemented with VEGF and to greater than 95 percent for the cell subfraction resistant to growth factor starvation. Thus, KDR is a positive functional marker defining stem cells and distinguishing them from progenitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ziegler, B L -- Valtieri, M -- Porada, G A -- De Maria, R -- Muller, R -- Masella, B -- Gabbianelli, M -- Casella, I -- Pelosi, E -- Bock, T -- Zanjani, E D -- Peschle, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1553-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tubingen, Otfried-Muller-Strasse 10, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD34/*analysis ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Female ; Fetal Blood/cytology ; Fetus ; Flow Cytometry ; *Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/chemistry/*cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Lymphokines/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*analysis/physiology ; Receptors, Growth Factor/*analysis/physiology ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; Sheep ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Dendritic encoding of sensory stimuli controlled by deep cortical interneurons (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-20
    Description: The computational power of single neurons is greatly enhanced by active dendritic conductances that have a large influence on their spike activity. In cortical output neurons such as the large pyramidal cells of layer 5 (L5), activation of apical dendritic calcium channels leads to plateau potentials that increase the gain of the input/output function and switch the cell to burst-firing mode. The apical dendrites are innervated by local excitatory and inhibitory inputs as well as thalamic and corticocortical projections, which makes it a formidable task to predict how these inputs influence active dendritic properties in vivo. Here we investigate activity in populations of L5 pyramidal dendrites of the somatosensory cortex in awake and anaesthetized rats following sensory stimulation using a new fibre-optic method for recording dendritic calcium changes. We show that the strength of sensory stimulation is encoded in the combined dendritic calcium response of a local population of L5 pyramidal cells in a graded manner. The slope of the stimulus-response function was under the control of a particular subset of inhibitory neurons activated by synaptic inputs predominantly in L5. Recordings from single apical tuft dendrites in vitro showed that activity in L5 pyramidal neurons disynaptically coupled via interneurons directly blocks the initiation of dendritic calcium spikes in neighbouring pyramidal neurons. The results constitute a functional description of a cortical microcircuit in awake animals that relies on the active properties of L5 pyramidal dendrites and their very high sensitivity to inhibition. The microcircuit is organized so that local populations of apical dendrites can adaptively encode bottom-up sensory stimuli linearly across their full dynamic range.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murayama, Masanori -- Perez-Garci, Enrique -- Nevian, Thomas -- Bock, Tobias -- Senn, Walter -- Larkum, Matthew E -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 26;457(7233):1137-41. doi: 10.1038/nature07663. Epub 2009 Jan 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physiologisches Institut, Universitat Bern, Buhlplatz 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19151696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anesthesia ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/physiology ; Female ; Interneurons/*physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Somatosensory Cortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Wakefulness/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alignment visualization using electroconvection of planar nematics (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 2800-2806 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In electroconvection experiments with planarly aligned nematic liquid crystals the director orientation is, conventionally, fixed through a mechanical treatment (rubbing) of the polymer-coated electrodes. Without rubbing, on the other hand, the flow direction during sample filling imposes the director orientation. We report atomic force microscopy and x-ray measurements that show an anisotropy in the polymer surface structure on several scales as a result of the rubbing. In particular we observe a fish-bone structure on a 10 nm scale. We visualize the orientation of the director both during and after filling the system using the electroconvection pattern. This is a convenient tool for exploring new director configurations. We confirm for the observed surface structure that when flow and surface designate different orientations, the mechanical surface treatment dominates. We have been able to obtain regions with radial director orientation of millimeter size. Such an alignment renders possible new types of electroconvection experiments. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150696
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and mapping of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to resistance against beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in Beta accessions (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Beet necrotic yellow vein virus  ; Beta vulgaris  ;  Bulked segregant analysis  ;  RAPD markers  ;  Resistance genes  ;  STS markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Molecular markers linked to resistance genes are useful to facilitate the introgression of one or more of these genes in breeding materials. Following the approach of bulked segregant analysis, RAPD markers linked to resistance genes against beet necrotic yellow vein virus were identified in the four Beta accessions Holly-1-4, R104, R128 and WB42. Two primers were found which generate RAPD markers tightly linked to resistance in segregating families of Holly-1-4, R104 and R128, indicating that the resistance genes in these accessions might be situated at the same locus. Other, specific, primers were identified which generate RAPD markers linked to resistance in each of these accessions. Short-range maps were established around the resistance locus in these accessions. For WB42, RAPD markers were only identified at a relatively large distance from the resistance gene. Conversion of three RAPD primers of Holly-1-4, R104 and R128 into STS primers resulted in STS markers which can be readily used for marker-assisted selection in breeding programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050390
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of monosomic addition plants in offspring families using repetitive DNA probes in Beta L. (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 891-897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Beta patellaris ; Beta procumbens ; Monosomic additions ; PCR ; Repetitive probe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of two repetitive DNA probes Sat-121 and PB6-4, specific for the section Procumbentes of the genus Beta, was tested in 16 B. patellaris monosomic addition families using a dot-blot hybridization procedure. All monosomic additions were accurately distinguished from diploid sib plants with both DNA probes. The probe PB6-4, with the strongest signal after hybridization, was selected for rapid screening of an extensive number of putative monosomic additions in B. patellaris or B. procumbens addition families using a squash-blot hybridization procedure. The probe PB6-4 detected 118 monosomic additions in 640 plants (18.4%) in eight different B. procumbens addition families. The addition family with chromosome 4 of B. procumbens was semi-lethal and could not be tested. The distribution of PB6-4 in B. patellaris addition families was confirmed in 63 addition families using the squash-blot procedure. In 4580 plants of these addition families, 628 individual monosomic additions (13.7%) were found. The relationship of the morphological characteristics of monosomic addition plants to the results of the squash-blot hybridization (plants with signal) using probe PB6-4 is quite rigorous but not complete. The correlation between plants with a signal and chromosome number (2n=19) is complete. These results indicate that sequences present on PB6-4 are probably present on all chromosomes of B. patellaris and B. procumbens. The possibility of utilizing the sequence information of Sat-121 for a PCR-based assay to screen for putative monosomic addition plants was also investigated as an alternative to chromosome counting. The DNA-amplification profiles using the primers REP and REP.INV clearly distinguished monosomic addition plants from their diploid sibs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221903
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of monosomic addition plants in offspring families using repetitive DNA probes in Beta L. (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 891-897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Beta vulgaris  ;  Beta patellaris  ;  Beta procumbens  ;  Monosomic additions  ;  PCR  ;  Repetitive probe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   The distribution of two repetitive DNA probes Sat-121 and PB6-4, specific for the section Procumbentes of the genus Beta, was tested in 16 B. patellaris monosomic addition families using a dot-blot hybridization procedure. All monosomic additions were accurately distinguished from diploid sib plants with both DNA probes. The probe PB6-4, with the strongest signal after hybridization, was selected for rapid screening of an extensive number of putative monosomic additions in B. patellaris or B. procumbens addition families using a squash-blot hybridization procedure. The probe PB6-4 detected 118 monosomic additions in 640 plants (18.4%) in eight different B. procumbens addition families. The addition family with chromosome 4 of B. procumbens was semi-lethal and could not be tested. The distribution of PB6-4 in B. patellaris addition families was confirmed in 63 addition families using the squash-blot procedure. In 4580 plants of these addition families, 628 individual monosomic additions (13.7%) were found. The relationship of the morphological characteristics of monosomic addition plants to the results of the squash-blot hybridization (plants with signal) using probe PB6-4 is quite rigorous but not complete. The correlation between plants with a signal and chromosome number (2n=19) is complete. These results indicate that sequences present on PB6-4 are probably present on all chromosomes of B. patellaris and B. procumbens. The possibility of utilizing the sequence information of Sat-121 for a PCR-based assay to screen for putative monosomic addition plants was also investigated as an alternative to chromosome counting. The DNA-amplification profiles using the primers REP and REP.INV clearly distinguished monosomic addition plants from their diploid sibs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050208
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosses between Beta intermedia bunge and B. vulgaris L. (1968)
    Springer
    Euphytica 17 (1968), S. 11-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A tetraploid annual male sterile form of Beta vulgaris L. (2n=4x=36) was crossed with the wild beet species Beta intermedia Bunge (2n=36). The resulting F1-plants were male sterile annuals being two or three times back-crossed to diploid and tetraploid sugar and fodder beets in the next years. Apart from tetraploid material (36 chromosomes) hexaploid (54 chromosomes) and a number of aneuploid plants developed. The results obtained justify the conclusion that, at a tetraploid level the material mostly propagates apomictically after the F1 generation. The presence of penta-, hexa-, septa-and even octaploid plants might be explained by assuming that no meiosis has taken place in the crossing partners. Triploid plants are sometimes found in the progeny of hexaploid material and may presumably be considered haploids. Moreover some pentaploid plants were found in the progeny of the open pollinated F1 which after two generations of bagging are still pentaploids although they produce no pollen. This is another clear indication of apomictic reproduction. The tetraploid generation from the cross between the hexaploid material and diploid sugar beets probably contains the best prospects for breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038961
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosses between Beta vulgaris L. and Beta lomatogona F. et M. (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 539-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; sugar beet ; Beta lomatogona ; species crosses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A population of 2xms sugar beets was crossed with 4x Beta lomatogona F. et M. The 3x F1-plants were male sterile and were backcrossed with 2x and 4x sugar beets and multiplied without pollination as well. After the 1st backcross mainly 3x apomict types arose again and, among others, a small number of successful 4x backcrosses. After pollination by 4x sugar beets this 4x F1 B1 produced. besides predominatly apomictically multiplied 4x plants, also about 7% haploid 2x hybrids. The latter probably possess 1 genome from B. vulgaris and 1 genome from B. lomatogona. In the meiosis of the PMC's a certain amount of homeology between a number of chromosomes of both species could be established. The amphihaploid hybrids can be used as breeding parents for the creation of types in which introgession can occur. During hybridization in addition to 2x and 4x B. vulgaris types a number of 2x-, 3x-, 5x- and 6x-hybrids arose. This is presumably caused by the presence of gametes with the somatic number of chromosomes and the occurrence sometimes of haploid apomictic multiplication. The presence of large numbers of bolters in the F1 and F1 B1 suggests that the bolting tendency of both species is based on different genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041589
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of haploids of Beta vulgaris L. for the study of orcein and giemsa stained chromosomes (1978)
    Springer
    Euphytica 27 (1978), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; sugar beet ; haploid ; C-banding ; idiogram ; chromosome identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Some haploids isolated among the progeny from crosses involving several genotypically different motherplants of Beta vulgaris L., were used for an investigation on chromosome morphology of the genus Beta. The length of both the long and short arms proved to vary considerably for each chromosome, so that a representative idiogram of the 9 chromosomes could not be made. Staining the chromosomes according to the BSG-technique revealed only bands in the centromere regions. However, one chromosome with a narrow band in the short arm could be identified, which was supposed to be the nucleolar chromosome. The C-bands presumably correlate with the heterochromatic blocks as observed in mitotic and meiotic (pachytene) prophase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039118
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using aluminium dishes in determining dry matter for fodder and sugar beets (1971)
    Springer
    Euphytica 20 (1971), S. 333-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056097
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