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  • Geophysics  (667)
  • *Ecosystem  (661)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Deutschland
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • 2005-2009  (1,345)
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    Geosystemics (2009)
    WSEAS Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: For Geosystemics we define the science that studies the Earth system from a holistic point of view. Earth is thus considered as a whole and unique far-from-the equilibrium complex system, formed by numerous different parts (sub-systems), which do not act independently but interact each other continuously. Most interactions are nonlinear, so that we can usually say that “resultant is more than the sum of the parts”. Interactions are not only in terms of contrasts but, and mostly, cooperative and mutual organizations. We will see some aspects and properties of this approach with a few examples.
    Description: Published
    Description: Cambridge, UK, February 24-26, 2009
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: Geosystemics ; Earth system ; Nonlinear Analysis ; Entropy ; Geophysics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 2
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    Crustal accretion and evolution at slow and ultra-slow spreading mid-ocean ridges (2009)
    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2001
    Description: Half of the ocean crust is formed at spreading centers with total opening rates less than 40 km/Myr. The objective of this Thesis is to investigate temporal variations in active ridge processes and crustal aging at slow-spreading centers by comparing axial crustal structure with that on conjugate flanks of the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) (full rate, 20 km/Myr) and the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) (full rate, 14 km/Myr). Seismic refraction data collected along the rift valley and flanking rift mountains of the OH-l segment (35°N) at the MAR show that the entire crustal section is constructed within a zone that is less than 5 km wide. Shallow-level hydrothermal circulation within the axial valley is suggested by the rift mountain seismic profiles, which show that the upper crust is 20% thinner and 16% faster along strike than zero-age crust. These effects probably result from fissure sealing within the extrusive crust. Deeper crustal velocities remain relatively constant at the segment midpoint within the first 2 Myr, but are reduced near the segment offsets presumably by faulting and fracturing associated with uplift out of the rift valley. A temporal variation in axial melt supply is suggested by a 15% difference in along-strike crustal thickness between the rift valley and rift mountains, with relatively less melt supplied today than 2 Ma. Crustal accretion at the SWIR appears to occur in a similar manner as at the MAR, although gravity and seismic data indicate that the average crustal thickness is 2-4 km less at the ultra-slow spreading SWIR. A 25 Myr record on both flanks of the ridge shows that seafloor spreading has been highly asymmetric through time, with 35% faster crustal accretion on the Antarctic (south) plate. A small-offset non-transform discontinuity between two ridge segments is just as stable as two neighboring transform discontinuities, although a single mantle Bouguer gravity anomaly centered over the non-transform offset indicates that this boundary does not significantly perturb underlying mantle flow. Off-axis magnetic anomalies are recorded with high fidelity despite the very low spreading rates and the absence of a basaltic upper crust in one area. The lower crust may be the dominant off-axis carrier of the magnetic signal, contrary to traditional models of crustal magnetic structure. Morphological and gravity data show evidence of asymmetric crustal accretion across the SWIR ridge axis, with slightly warmer mantle temperatures beneath the slower-spreading African (north) plate.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through Contract No. OCE-9300450 and by the Joint Oceanographic Institutions through Subcontract No. JSC1-00.
    Keywords: Earth ; Crust ; Geophysics ; Maurice Ewing (Ship) Cruise EW96-08 ; Yokosuka (Ship) Cruise ; Kairei (Ship) Cruise ; Conrad (Ship) Cruise RC2709
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 3
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    Geophysical fluid dynamics : notes on the 1960 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 60-46, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF 12556
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 4
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    1982 summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics : particle motions in fluids (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The (Lagrangian) motion of a fluid particle was contrasted with the (Eulerian) flow past a fixed point in space during this twenty-fourth summer program in geophysical fluid dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-82-G-0079 and National Science Foundation Grant MCS-82-00450. Partial support from the Center for Analysis of Marine Systems (CAMS) at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
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    The 1960 Summer Program of Theoretical Studies in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 60-46, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: This ten-week work-study-discussion program is centered about a formal course called Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Eight participants are selected from graduate and postgraduate applicants. In the discussions emphasis is placed on the formulation of tractable research problems in geophysics. The participants are encouraged to work on satisfactory problems thus formulated and to continue with their research after returning to their respective institutions.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF 12556
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid models ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    The 1959 Summer Program of Theoretical Studies in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 59-53, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: This ten-week work-study-discussion program is centered about a formal course called Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Eight participants are selected from graduate and postgraduate applicants. In the discussions emphasis is placed on the formulation of tractable research problems in geophysics. The participants are encouraged to work on satisfactory problems thus formulated and to continue with their research after returning to their respective institutions.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF G-9125
    Keywords: Fluid dynamics ; Geophysics ; Fluid models
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 7
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    Geophysical fluid dynamics : notes on the 1961 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference no. 61-39, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF G-16973
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid models ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 8
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    1980 summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics : coherent features in geophysical flows (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Four principal lecturers shored the task of presenting the subject "Coherent Features in Geophysical Flows" to the participants of the twenty-second geophysical fluid dynamics summer program. Glenn Flierl introduced the topic and the Kortweg-de Vries equation via a model of finite amplitude motions on the beta plane. He extended the analysis to more complex flows in the ocean and the atmosphere and in the process treated motions of very large amplitude. Larry Redekopp's three lectures summarized an extensive body of the mathematical literature on coherent features. Andrew Ingersoll focussed on the many fascinating features in Jupiter's atmosphere. Joseph Keller supplemented an interesting summary of laboratory observations with suggestive models for treating the flows.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-79-C-0671
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
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    Summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics : dynamic differentation (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Those attending G.F.D. 1984 were introduced to the novel topic of Geological Fluid Mechanics by our Principal Lecturer, Herbert Huppert. He presented his studies both as a discipline with recent fascinating successes, and as a challenge to his listeners to further isolate mathematically tractable examples of these multi-component flows. Geological Fluid Mechanics has been the responsible process for the formation and modification of most of the geological objects studied today. The dynamics of fluid mixtures in magma chambers, the changing fluid boundary conditions and composition during selective crystallization of parts of the melt, and the separation of fluid fractions of different density and viscosity all represent areas in which quantitative theories are currently being tested. However, equally many areas, including convection mechanisms in the Earth's core and quantitative predictions for upper mantle motion, resist simplistic modeling.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-82-G-0079 and the National Science Foundation under Grant MCS-82-800450. Partial support acknowledged from the Center for Anatysis of Marine Systems (CAMS) at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. CAMS is supported by The Exxon Foundation, Mobil Foundation, Inc., The Ambrose Monell Foundation, The R. R. Mellon Family Foundation., the Atlantic Richfield Foundation, and by an anonymous donor.
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 10
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    Summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics : chaos (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The explosive growth of dynamieal systems theory in the past two decades stems in large part from the realization that it is applicable to many natural phenomena. Indeed, much o f the theoretical development has been sparked by numerical and laboratory experiments which exhibit ordered sequences of behavior that call for a general framework of interpretation We have been fortunate this summer to have had in residence both pioneers and developers of dynamical systems theory and its applications to fluid mechanics. Several recent texts contain the basic principles that Ed Spiegel used as a springboard for five lectures in which he exposed us to elementary examples of bifurcation and chaos, to symmetry breaking, normal forms and temporal and spatial disorder, as well as to pertinent fluid mechanical and astrophysical phenomena. Yves Pomeau continued the development with an elegant summary of different types of intermittency . Stephan Fauve agree to write up his impressive seminars on phase instability and turbulence as an extension of the lecture series. Many of the remaining seminars introduced new concepts in the theory, some with specific examples, others via mathematical development, and still others through ways of interpreting the data that emerge from calculations and experiments. As an outstanding example of this, Albert Libchaber has demonstrated the fascinating correspondence between the frequencies observed in one of his recent fluid mechanics experiments and results from number theory relating the Fibonacci series to the golden mean.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under contract NO0014-82-6-0079 and the National Science Foundation under Grants MCS-82-000450 and DMS-85-04166.
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 11
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    Notes on the 1963 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 63-34, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: This year's lectures by Derek Moore form a detailed report of investigations on the fluid motion caused by the motion of a body in a homogeneous rotating fluid. The emphasis has been on the significance of the Taylor-Proudman theorem and the departure of the fluid from the behavior described by the Taylor-Proudman theorem. The plan was to probe deeply into one problem and thereby acquire information in a wider area of study of rotating fluids.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF GE-15l8
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 12
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    Notes on the 1966 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 66-46, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: The lecturers, Drs. Howard, Stern and Veronis, have introduced the participants to several aspects of geophysical fluid dynamics at the frontiers of current research. Their choice of topic and its development was to serve, on one hand, a pedagogic function and, on the other, to suggest a variety of allied unsolved problems.
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 13
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    Notes on the 1965 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 65-51, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 14
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    Notes on the 1968 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 68-72, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: The general circulation of the oceans was the topic of concentration for the 1968 WHOI Summer Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Ocean circulation ; Geophysics ; Fluid models
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 15
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    Notes on the 1969 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 69-41, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: The principal theme of this eleventh Summer Program has been Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics. As in the past, we have explored the region of overlap in technique and theory of our summer theme and other aspects of Fluid Dynamics. An interesting example of this overlap is the application of the physics of salt-finger instability, a significant oceanographic process, to instabilities due to differential rotation in the sun, a critical problem in stellar evolution.
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Ocean circulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 16
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    Notes on the 1975 summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The central topic of this seventeenth Geophysical Fluid Dynamics program was fluid motion in the earth's mantle and core. Our principal lecturer, Dan McKenzie, first addressed himself to the task of separating solid behavior of the mantle from fluid behavior. When the level of protest diminished Dan advanced to his numerical studies of mantle convection. The relationship of these numerical experiments and geophysical observables was impressive indeed for this first generation of mantle modeling. Intertwined seminars from P. Molnar, B. Parsons, J. Sclater and T. Atwater exposed us to data gathering and its rationale at the frontiers of geophysics. The fluid properties of the core may be less suspect than those of the mantle, but how and why the core fluid moves is still a mystery. Our associate principal lecturer, Fritz Busse, discussed the geomagnetic evidence for core motion. Then moving quickly to the more abstract problems of model geodynamos, Fritz described in five lectures his achievement of a first complete dynamic dynamo driven by convection.
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 17
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    Notes on the 1978 summer study program on dynamo models of geomagnetism in geophysical fluid dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This was the twentieth Geophysical Fluid Dynamics program at Woods Hole. Stephen Childress of the Courant Institute was our principal lecturer. Dynamo theory, with all its interdisciplinary facets was our central theme. Geomagnetism and the solar magnetic cycle were brought closer to comprehension, yet none claimed a detailed predictive theory was near at hand. Perhaps J. Keller's lecture, entitled "Smooth equations for rough problems", best characterized the nature of these studies. Even then, the smooth equations are quite nonlinear, with Finite-amplitude magnetic solutions yet to be explored. Lectures intertwined with those of Childress exposed us to topics beside and outside his emphasis on a convective geodynamo.
    Description: Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-78-G0072
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 18
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    The 1961 Summer Program of Theoretical Studies in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 61-39, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: This ten-week work-study-discussion program was centered about a formal course called Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. Sixteen participants were selected from graduate and postgraduate applicants. In the discussions emphasis was placed on the formulation of tractable research problems in geophysics. The participants were encouraged to work on satisfactory problems thus formulated and to continue with their research after returning to their respective institutions.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF G-16973
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid models ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 19
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    Notes on the 1962 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 62-33, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF22332
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 20
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    The 1962 Summer Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 62-38, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: Includes the preprint "Mixing-length Analyses of Turbulent Thermal Convection at Arbitrary Prandtl Number" - R. Kraichnan (1962). N.Y.U. Research Report No. HSN-6.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Research Grant NSF22332
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 21
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    Notes on the 1964 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 64-46, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: Two distinctive features of large-scale geophysical flows are that they are dominated by the earth's rotation and that they are turbulent. This year's lecture program was an exploration of recent achievements in the study of, first, the simplest examples of turbulence, and second, the rotational constraint.
    Description: National Science Foundation and Travelers' Research Center, Inc
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 22
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    Notes on the 1973 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Nonlinear wave interactions formed the theme of the fifteenth summer program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Owen Phillips was our principal lecturer on this subject, He chose to emphasize interactions among small numbers of discrete wave modes, including both internal and surface gravity waves in his discussions. His lectures provided a stimulating introduction to this important subject. Phillips' lectures were supplemented by a lecture by William Simmons on experiments with interacting internal waves, and a lecture by Carl Wunsch on internal waves in the ocean. Later in the summer, Wunsch gave us a lecture series on practical time-series analysis.
    Description: We thank the National Science Foundation for their continuing support.
    Keywords: Geophysics ; Fluid models
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  • 23
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    Notes on the 1972 Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The effect of gravity on fluids of varying density is of fundamental importance in natural flows. This subject formed the topic of concentration for the fourteenth summer program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. We had the good fortune to hear Stewart Turner lecture on stratified flows just after he had completed the manuscript for his book on the subject. Turner chose to emphasize nonlinear and turbulent aspects of stratified flows and, therefore, had to give up the deductive approach in favor of treatments based on dimensional analysis and similarity arguments. This summary of the many experimental studies of these flows increased our awareness of the fascinating variety of phenomena in which stratification plays so vital a role.
    Description: Supported by the Division of Fluid Dynamics, Oceanography and Applied Mathematics of the Office of Naval Research.
    Keywords: Geophysics
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  • 24
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    Notes on the 1974 summer study program in geophysical fluid dynamics at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (2009)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This year the central topic was the general circulation of the oceans. Some of the basic ideas used in wind-driven and thermohaline studies were presented in the introductory course of lectures and simple models that have guided our thinking in the development of the topic were discussed. As part of the introductory lectures Peter Niiler developed a model of the mixed layer, exploring the reasoning and the parameterization behind the theories of this important boundary region at the surface of the ocean. Dennis Moore gave a careful account of transient flows in equatorial regions and showed how dynamical conditions on the eastern and western boundaries are satisfied by a superposition of planetary, Kelvin and Yanai waves. Peter Rhines concluded the series with a discussion of topographically induced low frequency motions. At the request of the students Joseph B. Keller gave a lecture on "Solution of Partial Differential Equations by Ray Theory".
    Description: National Science Foundation
    Keywords: Geophysics
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  • 25
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    Klimawandel und Gesundheit: Neuen Aeroallergenen auf der Spur (2009)
    In:  In: BfS/BfR/RKI/UBA (Hrsg.): Klimawandel und Gesundheit. UMID – UmweltMedizinischerInformationsDienst, Ausgabe 3 (Themenheft), Dezember 2009, 13-16
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009
    Description: Beispiele Ambrosia, Eichenprozessionsspinner KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Phänologie
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  • 26
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    Klimawandel: Ausbreitung von Ambrosien und die damit verbundenen Gesundheitsrisiken (2009)
    In:  In: BfS/BfR/RKI/UBA (Hrsg.): Klimawandel und Gesundheit. UMID – UmweltMedizinischerInformationsDienst, Ausgabe 3 (Themenheft), Dezember 2009, 17-20
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    Publication Date: 2009
    Description: ausgedehnte Ambrosiaareale auch in der Lausitz und dem Berliner Raum KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Neben Sensibilisierung gegen Ambrosia auch Kreuzreationen bei Sensibilisierung gegen Beifuß möglich KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Phänologie
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  • 27
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    Die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels. Welche neuen Infektionskrankheiten und gesundheitlichen Probleme sind zu erwarten? (2009)
    In:  Bundesgesundheitsblatt 2009, 52, 699-714
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    Publication Date: 2009
    Description: einheimische und importierte  vektorassoziierte  Infektionen, Gastrointestinale  Infektionskrankheiten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Infektionskrankheiten
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  • 28
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    Neue Krankheitserreger und ihre Überträger: Klimawandel könnte Gesundheitsgefahren in Deutschland zur Folge haben (2009)
    In:  In: BfS/BfR/RKI/UBA (Hrsg.): Klimawandel und Gesundheit. UMID – UmweltMedizinischerInformationsDienst, Ausgabe 3 (Themenheft), Dezember 2009, 21-23
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009
    Description: weltweite Verbreitung der Asiatischen Tigermücke Aedes albopictus innerhalb der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte im Zusammenhang mit Chikungunya-Ausbruch im Sommer 2007 in Italien KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Transportwege der Globalisierung als wesentlicher Faktor neben Klimaänderungen KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; Infektionskrankheiten
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  • 29
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    Solare UV-Strahlung im Zeichen des erwarteten Klimawandels (2009)
    In:  In: BfS/BfR/RKI/UBA (Hrsg.): Klimawandel und Gesundheit. UMID – UmweltMedizinischerInformationsDienst, Ausgabe 3 (Themenheft), Dezember 2009, 24-28
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009
    Description: Gesundheitliche Bewertung ultravioletter Strahlung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Umweltmedizin ; UV-Strahlung
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    A magnificence to share (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):808. doi: 10.1038/458808a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19369979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Ecosystem ; International Cooperation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Travel/*legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Satellite to monitor carbon sinks sinks (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brumfiel, Geoff -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 26;457(7233):1067. doi: 10.1038/4571067b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19256081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring/*instrumentation ; Japan ; *Spacecraft ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Impact of changes in diffuse radiation on the global land carbon sink (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: Plant photosynthesis tends to increase with irradiance. However, recent theoretical and observational studies have demonstrated that photosynthesis is also more efficient under diffuse light conditions. Changes in cloud cover or atmospheric aerosol loadings, arising from either volcanic or anthropogenic emissions, alter both the total photosynthetically active radiation reaching the surface and the fraction of this radiation that is diffuse, with uncertain overall effects on global plant productivity and the land carbon sink. Here we estimate the impact of variations in diffuse fraction on the land carbon sink using a global model modified to account for the effects of variations in both direct and diffuse radiation on canopy photosynthesis. We estimate that variations in diffuse fraction, associated largely with the 'global dimming' period, enhanced the land carbon sink by approximately one-quarter between 1960 and 1999. However, under a climate mitigation scenario for the twenty-first century in which sulphate aerosols decline before atmospheric CO(2) is stabilized, this 'diffuse-radiation' fertilization effect declines rapidly to near zero by the end of the twenty-first century.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mercado, Lina M -- Bellouin, Nicolas -- Sitch, Stephen -- Boucher, Olivier -- Huntingford, Chris -- Wild, Martin -- Cox, Peter M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):1014-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07949.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK. lmme@ceh.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols/analysis/chemistry ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; *Darkness ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Photosynthesis/*radiation effects ; Plants/metabolism/*radiation effects ; Sulfates/metabolism ; *Sunlight ; Volcanic Eruptions
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A safe operating space for humanity (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rockstrom, Johan -- Steffen, Will -- Noone, Kevin -- Persson, Asa -- Chapin, F Stuart 3rd -- Lambin, Eric F -- Lenton, Timothy M -- Scheffer, Marten -- Folke, Carl -- Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim -- Nykvist, Bjorn -- de Wit, Cynthia A -- Hughes, Terry -- van der Leeuw, Sander -- Rodhe, Henning -- Sorlin, Sverker -- Snyder, Peter K -- Costanza, Robert -- Svedin, Uno -- Falkenmark, Malin -- Karlberg, Louise -- Corell, Robert W -- Fabry, Victoria J -- Hansen, James -- Walker, Brian -- Liverman, Diana -- Richardson, Katherine -- Crutzen, Paul -- Foley, Jonathan A -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):472-5. doi: 10.1038/461472a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kraftriket 2B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Civilization ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods/trends ; *Earth (Planet) ; Ecology/*methods/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Green Chemistry Technology/*methods/trends ; Greenhouse Effect ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; *Human Activities/history ; Humans ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Viruses manipulate the marine environment (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: Marine viruses affect Bacteria, Archaea and eukaryotic organisms and are major components of the marine food web. Most studies have focused on their role as predators and parasites, but many of the interactions between marine viruses and their hosts are much more complicated. A series of recent studies has shown that viruses have the ability to manipulate the life histories and evolution of their hosts in remarkable ways, challenging our understanding of this almost invisible world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rohwer, Forest -- Thurber, Rebecca Vega -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 14;459(7244):207-12. doi: 10.1038/nature08060.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Marine Biology ; Transduction, Genetic ; *Virus Physiological Phenomena ; *Viruses/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The microbial ocean from genomes to biomes (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: Numerically, microbial species dominate the oceans, yet their population dynamics, metabolic complexity and synergistic interactions remain largely uncharted. A full understanding of life in the ocean requires more than knowledge of marine microbial taxa and their genome sequences. The latest experimental techniques and analytical approaches can provide a fresh perspective on the biological interactions within marine ecosystems, aiding in the construction of predictive models that can interrelate microbial dynamics with the biogeochemical matter and energy fluxes that make up the ocean ecosystem.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLong, Edward F -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 14;459(7244):200-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08059.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. delong@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genomics ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Phylogeny ; *Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Global change: China at the carbon crossroads (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gurney, Kevin Robert -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):977-9. doi: 10.1038/458977a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon/analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; China ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossil Fuels ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Soil/analysis ; Trees/metabolism ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Satellites beam in biomass estimates (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tollefson, Jeff -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):834-5. doi: 10.1038/462834a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomass ; Congresses as Topic ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods/trends ; Denmark ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry/methods/trends ; Global Warming/prevention & control ; *Internationality ; *Spacecraft ; Trees/*growth & development ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    When Earth greened over (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hand, Eric -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 9;460(7252):161. doi: 10.1038/460161a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbon/metabolism ; Cell Respiration ; *Earth (Planet) ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis/*metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plants/*metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Budget request tackles habitat changes (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwok, Roberta -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 2;460(7251):20. doi: 10.1038/460020a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19571850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Budgets/legislation & jurisprudence/trends ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics/trends ; *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*economics/legislation & jurisprudence
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Rewilding can cause rather than solve ecological problems (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caro, Tim -- Sherman, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 24;462(7276):985. doi: 10.1038/462985b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033023" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Ecosystem
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolutionary diversification in stickleback affects ecosystem functioning (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-03
    Description: Explaining the ecological causes of evolutionary diversification is a major focus of biology, but surprisingly little has been said about the effects of evolutionary diversification on ecosystems. The number of species in an ecosystem and their traits are key predictors of many ecosystem-level processes, such as rates of productivity, biomass sequestration and decomposition. Here we demonstrate short-term ecosystem-level effects of adaptive radiation in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) over the past 10,000 years. These fish have undergone recent parallel diversification in several lakes in coastal British Columbia, resulting in the formation of two specialized species (benthic and limnetic) from a generalist ancestor. Using a mesocosm experiment, we demonstrate that this diversification has strong effects on ecosystems, affecting prey community structure, total primary production, and the nature of dissolved organic materials that regulate the spectral properties of light transmission in the system. However, these ecosystem effects do not simply increase in their relative strength with increasing specialization and species richness; instead, they reflect the complex and indirect consequences of ecosystem engineering by sticklebacks. It is well known that ecological factors influence adaptive radiation. We demonstrate that adaptive radiation, even over short timescales, can have profound effects on ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harmon, Luke J -- Matthews, Blake -- Des Roches, Simone -- Chase, Jonathan M -- Shurin, Jonathan B -- Schluter, Dolph -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1167-70. doi: 10.1038/nature07974. Epub 2009 Apr 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3051, USA. lukeh@uidaho.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19339968" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomass ; British Columbia ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*classification/*physiology ; Food Chain ; Fresh Water ; Genetic Speciation ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Predatory Behavior
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    Early-warning signals for critical transitions (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-04
    Description: Complex dynamical systems, ranging from ecosystems to financial markets and the climate, can have tipping points at which a sudden shift to a contrasting dynamical regime may occur. Although predicting such critical points before they are reached is extremely difficult, work in different scientific fields is now suggesting the existence of generic early-warning signals that may indicate for a wide class of systems if a critical threshold is approaching.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheffer, Marten -- Bascompte, Jordi -- Brock, William A -- Brovkin, Victor -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- Dakos, Vasilis -- Held, Hermann -- van Nes, Egbert H -- Rietkerk, Max -- Sugihara, George -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 3;461(7260):53-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08227.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. marten.scheffer@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19727193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; Extinction, Biological ; Humans ; *Models, Biological ; *Models, Economic ; Seizures/physiopathology ; Stochastic Processes
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ocean fertilization: dead in the water? (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiermeier, Quirin -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 29;457(7229):520-1. doi: 10.1038/457520b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19177092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/*chemistry/*isolation & purification ; *Ecosystem ; Germany ; Human Activities ; Iron/*chemistry ; Oceans and Seas ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research/*trends ; Seawater/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Journal club. A coastal ecologist sees the hidden effects of hurricanes (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feagin, Rusty -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):319. doi: 10.1038/461319e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Carbon/*metabolism ; *Cyclonic Storms ; Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Trees/growth & development/*metabolism ; United States ; Wind
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    The life of diatoms in the world's oceans (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: Marine diatoms rose to prominence about 100 million years ago and today generate most of the organic matter that serves as food for life in the sea. They exist in a dilute world where compounds essential for growth are recycled and shared, and they greatly influence global climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and marine ecosystem function. How these essential organisms will respond to the rapidly changing conditions in today's oceans is critical for the health of the environment and is being uncovered by studies of their genomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Armbrust, E Virginia -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 14;459(7244):185-92. doi: 10.1038/nature08057.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. armbrust@ocean.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Diatoms/chemistry/classification/genetics/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Glass ; Humans ; Iron/metabolism ; *Marine Biology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Global change: Carbon in idle croplands (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henebry, Geoffrey M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 26;457(7233):1089-90. doi: 10.1038/4571089a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19242461" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; Carbon/*analysis ; Crops, Agricultural/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; History, 20th Century ; Poaceae/metabolism ; Republic of Belarus ; Russia ; Soil/*analysis ; Ukraine
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Microbiology: Life on leaves (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leveau, Johan -- England -- Nature. 2009 Oct 8;461(7265):741-2. doi: 10.1038/461741a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19812663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/genetics/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Genomics ; Plant Leaves/*microbiology ; *Proteomics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon exchange from tundra (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: Permafrost soils in boreal and Arctic ecosystems store almost twice as much carbon as is currently present in the atmosphere. Permafrost thaw and the microbial decomposition of previously frozen organic carbon is considered one of the most likely positive climate feedbacks from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere in a warmer world. The rate of carbon release from permafrost soils is highly uncertain, but it is crucial for predicting the strength and timing of this carbon-cycle feedback effect, and thus how important permafrost thaw will be for climate change this century and beyond. Sustained transfers of carbon to the atmosphere that could cause a significant positive feedback to climate change must come from old carbon, which forms the bulk of the permafrost carbon pool that accumulated over thousands of years. Here we measure net ecosystem carbon exchange and the radiocarbon age of ecosystem respiration in a tundra landscape undergoing permafrost thaw to determine the influence of old carbon loss on ecosystem carbon balance. We find that areas that thawed over the past 15 years had 40 per cent more annual losses of old carbon than minimally thawed areas, but had overall net ecosystem carbon uptake as increased plant growth offset these losses. In contrast, areas that thawed decades earlier lost even more old carbon, a 78 per cent increase over minimally thawed areas; this old carbon loss contributed to overall net ecosystem carbon release despite increased plant growth. Our data document significant losses of soil carbon with permafrost thaw that, over decadal timescales, overwhelms increased plant carbon uptake at rates that could make permafrost a large biospheric carbon source in a warmer world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schuur, Edward A G -- Vogel, Jason G -- Crummer, Kathryn G -- Lee, Hanna -- Sickman, James O -- Osterkamp, T E -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 28;459(7246):556-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08031.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. tschuur@ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon/*analysis/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Feedback ; *Freezing ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Phase Transition ; Soil/*analysis
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    The importance of niches for the maintenance of species diversity (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-08-14
    Description: Ecological communities characteristically contain a wide diversity of species with important functional, economic and aesthetic value. Ecologists have long questioned how this diversity is maintained. Classic theory shows that stable coexistence requires competitors to differ in their niches; this has motivated numerous investigations of ecological differences presumed to maintain diversity. That niche differences are key to coexistence, however, has recently been challenged by the neutral theory of biodiversity, which explains coexistence with the equivalence of competitors. The ensuing controversy has motivated calls for a better understanding of the collective importance of niche differences for the diversity observed in ecological communities. Here we integrate theory and experimentation to show that niche differences collectively stabilize the dynamics of experimental communities of serpentine annual plants. We used field-parameterized population models to develop a null expectation for community dynamics without the stabilizing effects of niche differences. The population growth rates predicted by this null model varied by several orders of magnitude between species, which is sufficient for rapid competitive exclusion. Moreover, after two generations of community change in the field, Shannon diversity was over 50 per cent greater in communities stabilized by niche differences relative to those exhibiting dynamics predicted by the null model. Finally, in an experiment manipulating species' relative abundances, population growth rates increased when species became rare--the demographic signature of niche differences. Our work thus provides strong evidence that species differences have a critical role in stabilizing species diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, Jonathan M -- HilleRisLambers, Janneke -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 10;461(7261):254-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08251. Epub 2009 Aug 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. levine@lifesci.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19675568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; California ; *Ecosystem ; Models, Biological ; Plant Development ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Plants/classification ; Population Dynamics ; Seeds/physiology
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    Ecology: Traits of plant invaders (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seastedt, Tim -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 11;459(7248):783-4. doi: 10.1038/459783a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19516327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Development ; Plants/*microbiology ; Population Growth ; United States
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    Ecology: Speciation affects ecosystems (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seehausen, Ole -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 30;458(7242):1122-3. doi: 10.1038/4581122a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; British Columbia ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*classification/*physiology ; Food Chain ; Fresh Water ; Genetic Speciation ; Models, Biological
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    An ecologist marvels at animals that learn to eavesdrop (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cocroft, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 23;460(7254):439. doi: 10.1038/460439e.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Missouri, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19626069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Communication ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Learning ; Predatory Behavior
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    Glaciers as a source of ancient and labile organic matter to the marine environment (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-25
    Description: Riverine organic matter supports of the order of one-fifth of estuarine metabolism. Coastal ecosystems are therefore sensitive to alteration of both the quantity and lability of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (DOM) delivered by rivers. The lability of DOM is thought to vary with age, with younger, relatively unaltered organic matter being more easily metabolized by aquatic heterotrophs than older, heavily modified material. This view is developed exclusively from work in watersheds where terrestrial plant and soil sources dominate streamwater DOM. Here we characterize streamwater DOM from 11 coastal watersheds on the Gulf of Alaska that vary widely in glacier coverage (0-64 per cent). In contrast to non-glacial rivers, we find that the bioavailability of DOM to marine microorganisms is significantly correlated with increasing (14)C age. Moreover, the most heavily glaciated watersheds are the source of the oldest ( approximately 4 kyr (14)C age) and most labile (66 per cent bioavailable) DOM. These glacial watersheds have extreme runoff rates, in part because they are subject to some of the highest rates of glacier volume loss on Earth. We estimate the cumulative flux of dissolved organic carbon derived from glaciers contributing runoff to the Gulf of Alaska at 0.13 +/- 0.01 Tg yr(-1) (1 Tg = 10(12) g), of which approximately 0.10 Tg is highly labile. This indicates that glacial runoff is a quantitatively important source of labile reduced carbon to marine ecosystems. Moreover, because glaciers and ice sheets represent the second largest reservoir of water in the global hydrologic system, our findings indicate that climatically driven changes in glacier volume could alter the age, quantity and reactivity of DOM entering coastal oceans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hood, Eran -- Fellman, Jason -- Spencer, Robert G M -- Hernes, Peter J -- Edwards, Rick -- D'Amore, David -- Scott, Durelle -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 24;462(7276):1044-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08580.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Science and Geography Program, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA. eran.hood@uas.alaska.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Carbon/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water/*chemistry ; Humic Substances/*analysis ; *Ice Cover/chemistry ; Marine Biology ; Pacific Ocean ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Water Movements
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    Ecology: Production in pristine lakes (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cole, Jonathan J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 23;460(7254):463-4. doi: 10.1038/460463a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19626100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; *Fresh Water ; Light ; Sweden
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    Microbial community structure and its functional implications (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: Marine microbial communities are engines of globally important processes, such as the marine carbon, nitrogen and sulphur cycles. Recent data on the structures of these communities show that they adhere to universal biological rules. Co-occurrence patterns can help define species identities, and systems-biology tools are revealing networks of interacting microorganisms. Some microbial systems are found to change predictably, helping us to anticipate how microbial communities and their activities will shift in a changing world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuhrman, Jed A -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 14;459(7244):193-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08058.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA. fuhrman@usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444205" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Genomics/methods/trends ; Greenhouse Effect ; *Marine Biology ; *Water Microbiology
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    Opening dialogue between the recent and the long ago (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Louys, Julien -- Bishop, Laura C -- Wilkinson, David M -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 17;462(7275):847. doi: 10.1038/462847b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Ecology/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Paleontology/*trends ; Research/*trends
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    Protecting the environment can boost the economy (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shindell, Drew -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 21;459(7245):321. doi: 10.1038/459321b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollution/economics/*prevention & control ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Green Chemistry Technology/economics/methods
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    India's drug problem (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lubick, Naomi -- England -- Nature. 2009 Feb 5;457(7230):640-1. doi: 10.1038/457640a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; *Drug Industry ; *Ecosystem ; Humans ; India ; Industrial Waste/*adverse effects/*analysis ; Larva/drug effects ; Rivers/chemistry ; Sweden ; *Waste Disposal, Fluid ; Water Pollutants/*adverse effects/*analysis ; Water Supply/analysis ; Zebrafish/embryology
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    Phylogenetic biome conservatism on a global scale (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-17
    Description: How and why organisms are distributed as they are has long intrigued evolutionary biologists. The tendency for species to retain their ancestral ecology has been demonstrated in distributions on local and regional scales, but the extent of ecological conservatism over tens of millions of years and across continents has not been assessed. Here we show that biome stasis at speciation has outweighed biome shifts by a ratio of more than 25:1, by inferring ancestral biomes for an ecologically diverse sample of more than 11,000 plant species from around the Southern Hemisphere. Stasis was also prevalent in transocean colonizations. Availability of a suitable biome could have substantially influenced which lineages establish on more than one landmass, in addition to the influence of the rarity of the dispersal events themselves. Conversely, the taxonomic composition of biomes has probably been strongly influenced by the rarity of species' transitions between biomes. This study has implications for the future because if clades have inherently limited capacity to shift biomes, then their evolutionary potential could be strongly compromised by biome contraction as climate changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crisp, Michael D -- Arroyo, Mary T K -- Cook, Lyn G -- Gandolfo, Maria A -- Jordan, Gregory J -- McGlone, Matt S -- Weston, Peter H -- Westoby, Mark -- Wilf, Peter -- Linder, H Peter -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 9;458(7239):754-6. doi: 10.1038/nature07764. Epub 2009 Feb 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Botany and Zoology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia. mike.crisp@anu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19219025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Demography ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Phylogeny ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Time Factors
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    Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of microbial organic nutrient acquisition in soil and sediment (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: Biota can be described in terms of elemental composition, expressed as an atomic ratio of carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (refs 1-3). The elemental stoichiometry of microoorganisms is fundamental for understanding the production dynamics and biogeochemical cycles of ecosystems because microbial biomass is the trophic base of detrital food webs. Here we show that heterotrophic microbial communities of diverse composition from terrestrial soils and freshwater sediments share a common functional stoichiometry in relation to organic nutrient acquisition. The activities of four enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of assimilable products from the principal environmental sources of C, N and P show similar scaling relationships over several orders of magnitude, with a mean ratio for C:N:P activities near 1:1:1 in all habitats. We suggest that these ecoenzymatic ratios reflect the equilibria between the elemental composition of microbial biomass and detrital organic matter and the efficiencies of microbial nutrient assimilation and growth. Because ecoenzymatic activities intersect the stoichiometric and metabolic theories of ecology, they provide a functional measure of the threshold at which control of community metabolism shifts from nutrient to energy flow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sinsabaugh, Robert L -- Hill, Brian H -- Follstad Shah, Jennifer J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 10;462(7274):795-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08632.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 871312, USA. rlsinsab@unm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Carbon/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Enzyme Assays ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry/microbiology ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Plants/metabolism ; Rivers ; *Soil Microbiology ; United States ; Wetlands
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    Earth's boundaries? (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):447-8. doi: 10.1038/461447b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; *Earth (Planet) ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry
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    The elephant and the neutrino (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jayaraman, Killugudi -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):459. doi: 10.1038/461459a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Elephants ; Facility Design and Construction/economics/trends ; India ; *Laboratories/economics/trends ; *Physics/economics ; Tigers ; Trees
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    The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-28
    Description: Global terrestrial ecosystems absorbed carbon at a rate of 1-4 Pg yr(-1) during the 1980s and 1990s, offsetting 10-60 per cent of the fossil-fuel emissions. The regional patterns and causes of terrestrial carbon sources and sinks, however, remain uncertain. With increasing scientific and political interest in regional aspects of the global carbon cycle, there is a strong impetus to better understand the carbon balance of China. This is not only because China is the world's most populous country and the largest emitter of fossil-fuel CO(2) into the atmosphere, but also because it has experienced regionally distinct land-use histories and climate trends, which together control the carbon budget of its ecosystems. Here we analyse the current terrestrial carbon balance of China and its driving mechanisms during the 1980s and 1990s using three different methods: biomass and soil carbon inventories extrapolated by satellite greenness measurements, ecosystem models and atmospheric inversions. The three methods produce similar estimates of a net carbon sink in the range of 0.19-0.26 Pg carbon (PgC) per year, which is smaller than that in the conterminous United States but comparable to that in geographic Europe. We find that northeast China is a net source of CO(2) to the atmosphere owing to overharvesting and degradation of forests. By contrast, southern China accounts for more than 65 per cent of the carbon sink, which can be attributed to regional climate change, large-scale plantation programmes active since the 1980s and shrub recovery. Shrub recovery is identified as the most uncertain factor contributing to the carbon sink. Our data and model results together indicate that China's terrestrial ecosystems absorbed 28-37 per cent of its cumulated fossil carbon emissions during the 1980s and 1990s.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piao, Shilong -- Fang, Jingyun -- Ciais, Philippe -- Peylin, Philippe -- Huang, Yao -- Sitch, Stephen -- Wang, Tao -- England -- Nature. 2009 Apr 23;458(7241):1009-13. doi: 10.1038/nature07944.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. slpiao@pku.edu.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Biomass ; Carbon/analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry/history ; Fossil Fuels/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Soil/analysis ; Trees/metabolism
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    Indian neutrino lab site rejected (2009)
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    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jayaraman, K S -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 26;462(7272):397. doi: 10.1038/462397b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Elephants ; India ; *Laboratories/economics ; *Physics/economics ; Tigers
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    Microbial oceanography in a sea of opportunity (2009)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: Plankton use solar energy to drive the nutrient cycles that make the planet habitable for larger organisms. We can now explore the diversity and functions of plankton using genomics, revealing the gene repertoires associated with survival in the oceans. Such studies will help us to appreciate the sensitivity of ocean systems and of the ocean's response to climate change, improving the predictive power of climate models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowler, Chris -- Karl, David M -- Colwell, Rita R -- 1R01A139129-01/PHS HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 May 14;459(7244):180-4. doi: 10.1038/nature08056.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CNRS UMR8186, Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Superieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, Paris, France. cbowler@biologie.ens.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19444203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Gene Expression Profiling/trends ; Genomics/trends ; Greenhouse Effect ; Human Activities ; Humans ; *Marine Biology/trends ; *Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Seawater/*microbiology/virology ; Vibrio cholerae/isolation & purification/metabolism ; *Water Microbiology ; Water Pollution/adverse effects
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Invasion biology is a discipline that's too young to die (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pysek, Petr -- Hulme, Philip E -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):324. doi: 10.1038/460324b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19606125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology/*trends ; *Ecosystem ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Conservation biology: Reflecting the past (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marris, Emma -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 5;462(7269):30-2. doi: 10.1038/462030a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19890304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Internationality ; Netherlands ; *Wilderness
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology: ragamuffin Earth (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marris, Emma -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 23;460(7254):450-3. doi: 10.1038/460450a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19626087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Ecology/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Hawaii ; Humans ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Forestry: Planting the forest of the future (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marris, Emma -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 18;459(7249):906-8. doi: 10.1038/459906a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19536238" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological/*physiology ; British Columbia ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry/*methods ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Time Factors ; Trees/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Arctic ecology: Tundra's burning (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qiu, Jane -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 3;461(7260):34-6. doi: 10.1038/461034a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19727180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alaska ; Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; Carbon/*analysis/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Fires ; Freezing ; Fresh Water/chemistry ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Greenhouse Effect ; Photosynthesis ; Soil/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Where the rubber meets the garden (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qiu, Jane -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 15;457(7227):246-7. doi: 10.1038/457246a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19148066" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Hevea/*growth & development/metabolism ; Poverty/prevention & control ; Rain ; Rubber/economics ; Trees/growth & development/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Light limitation of nutrient-poor lake ecosystems (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: Productivity denotes the rate of biomass synthesis in ecosystems and is a fundamental characteristic that frames ecosystem function and management. Limitation of productivity by nutrient availability is an established paradigm for lake ecosystems. Here, we assess the relevance of this paradigm for a majority of the world's small, nutrient-poor lakes, with different concentrations of coloured organic matter. By comparing small unproductive lakes along a water colour gradient, we show that coloured terrestrial organic matter controls the key process for new biomass synthesis (the benthic primary production) through its effects on light attenuation. We also show that this translates into effects on production and biomass of higher trophic levels (benthic invertebrates and fish). These results are inconsistent with the idea that nutrient supply primarily controls lake productivity, and we propose that a large share of the world's unproductive lakes, within natural variations of organic carbon and nutrient input, are limited by light and not by nutrients. We anticipate that our result will have implications for understanding lake ecosystem function and responses to environmental change. Catchment export of coloured organic matter is sensitive to short-term natural variability and long-term, large-scale changes, driven by climate and different anthropogenic influences. Consequently, changes in terrestrial carbon cycling will have pronounced effects on most lake ecosystems by mediating changes in light climate and productivity of lakes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karlsson, Jan -- Bystrom, Par -- Ask, Jenny -- Ask, Per -- Persson, Lennart -- Jansson, Mats -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 23;460(7254):506-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08179.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umea University, Box 62, SE-981 07 Abisko, Sweden. Jan.Karlsson@emg.umu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19626113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Carbon/analysis/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/physiology ; Fishes/physiology ; Fresh Water/*chemistry ; *Light ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Sweden
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    Ocean fertilization: time to move on (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strong, Aaron -- Chisholm, Sallie -- Miller, Charles -- Cullen, John -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):347-8. doi: 10.1038/461347a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Iron/*metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Phytoplankton/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seawater/*chemistry/parasitology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Coevolution of plants and their pathogens in natural habitats (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: Understanding of plant-pathogen coevolution in natural systems continues to develop as new theories at the population and species level are increasingly informed by studies unraveling the molecular basis of interactions between individual plants and their pathogens. The next challenge lies in further integration of these approaches to develop a comprehensive picture of how life history traits of both players interact with the environment to shape evolutionary trajectories.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2689373/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2689373/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burdon, Jeremy J -- Thrall, Peter H -- R01 GM074265-01A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):755-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1171663.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)-Plant Industry, Post Office Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Jeremy.Burdon@csiro.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Fungi/genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Immunity, Innate ; Plant Diseases/immunology/*microbiology ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Plants/genetics/immunology/metabolism/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Soil microbial communities and restoration ecology: facilitators or followers? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: Microorganisms have critical roles in the functioning of soil in nutrient cycling, structural formation, and plant interactions, both positive and negative. These roles are important in reestablishing function and biodiversity in ecosystem restoration. Measurement of the community indicates the status of the system in relation to restoration targets and the effectiveness of management interventions, and manipulation of the community shows promise in the enhancement of the rate of recovery of degraded systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, Jim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):573-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1172975.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Natural Resources, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fungi/*physiology ; Mycorrhizae/*physiology ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Soil Microbiology ; Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Restoration of ecosystem services for environmental markets (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: Ecological restoration is an activity that ideally results in the return of an ecosystem to an undisturbed state. Ecosystem services are the benefits humans derive from ecosystems. The two have been joined to support growing environmental markets with the goal of creating restoration-based credits that can be bought and sold. However, the allure of these markets may be overshadowing shortcomings in the science and practice of ecological restoration. Before making risky investments, we must understand why and when restoration efforts fall short of recovering the full suite of ecosystem services, what can be done to improve restoration success, and why direct measurement of the biophysical processes that support ecosystem services is the only way to guarantee the future success of these markets. Without new science and an oversight framework to protect the ecosystem service assets which people depend, markets could actually accelerate environmental degradation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmer, Margaret A -- Filoso, Solange -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):575-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1172976.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. mpalmer@umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Biophysical Processes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans ; Wetlands
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Disruption of vertical motility by shear triggers formation of thin phytoplankton layers (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: Thin layers of phytoplankton are important hotspots of ecological activity that are found in the coastal ocean, meters beneath the surface, and contain cell concentrations up to two orders of magnitude above ambient concentrations. Current interpretations of their formation favor abiotic processes, yet many phytoplankton species found in these layers are motile. We demonstrated that layers formed when the vertical migration of phytoplankton was disrupted by hydrodynamic shear. This mechanism, which we call gyrotactic trapping, can be responsible for the thin layers of phytoplankton commonly observed in the ocean. These results reveal that the coupling between active microorganism motility and ambient fluid motion can shape the macroscopic features of the marine ecological landscape.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Durham, William M -- Kessler, John O -- Stocker, Roman -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):1067-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1167334.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Shape ; Chlamydomonas/cytology/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Flagella ; Gravitation ; Movement ; Phytoplankton/cytology/*physiology ; *Water ; *Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Ecology. Seeing the big picture on microbe distribution (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Patterson, David J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1506-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1179690.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Encyclopedia of Life, Biodiversity Informatics, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. dpatterson@eol.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arctic Regions ; *Bacteria/classification ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; *Diatoms ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Seawater/*microbiology
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    Basin-scale coherence in phenology of shrimps and phytoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: Climate change could lead to mismatches between the reproductive cycles of marine organisms and their planktonic food. We tested this hypothesis by comparing shrimp (Pandalus borealis) egg hatching times and satellite-derived phytoplankton bloom dynamics throughout the North Atlantic. At large spatial and long temporal (10 years or longer) scales, hatching was correlated with the timing of the spring phytoplankton bloom. Annual egg development and hatching times were determined locally by bottom water temperature. We conclude that different populations of P. borealis have adapted to local temperatures and bloom timing, matching egg hatching to food availability under average conditions. This strategy is vulnerable to interannual oceanographic variability and long-term climatic changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koeller, P -- Fuentes-Yaco, C -- Platt, T -- Sathyendranath, S -- Richards, A -- Ouellet, P -- Orr, D -- Skuladottir, U -- Wieland, K -- Savard, L -- Aschan, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):791-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1170987.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Post Office Box 1006, Dartmouth, B2Y 4A2 Nova Scotia, Canada. koellerp@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Climate ; *Cold Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Ovum/growth & development/physiology ; Pandalidae/*physiology ; Phytoplankton/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; *Seawater
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    Oxygen-18 of O2 records the impact of abrupt climate change on the terrestrial biosphere (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-13
    Description: Photosynthesis and respiration occur widely on Earth's surface, and the 18O/16O ratio of the oxygen produced and consumed varies with climatic conditions. As a consequence, the history of climate is reflected in the deviation of the 18O/16O of air (delta18Oatm) from seawater delta18O (known as the Dole effect). We report variations in delta18Oatm over the past 60,000 years related to Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger events, two modes of abrupt climate change observed during the last ice age. Correlations with cave records support the hypothesis that the Dole effect is primarily governed by the strength of the Asian and North African monsoons and confirm that widespread changes in low-latitude terrestrial rainfall accompanied abrupt climate change. The rapid delta18Oatm changes can also be used to synchronize ice records by providing global time markers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Severinghaus, Jeffrey P -- Beaudette, Ross -- Headly, Melissa A -- Taylor, Kendrick -- Brook, Edward J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 12;324(5933):1431-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1169473.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0244, USA. jseveringhaus@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19520957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; *Climatic Processes ; *Ecosystem ; Ice Cover/*chemistry ; Oxygen/*analysis ; Oxygen Isotopes/*analysis ; Photosynthesis ; Rain ; Seawater/chemistry ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Stability predicts genetic diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: Biodiversity hotspots, representing regions with high species endemism and conservation threat, have been mapped globally. Yet, biodiversity distribution data from within hotspots are too sparse for effective conservation in the face of rapid environmental change. Using frogs as indicators, ecological niche models under paleoclimates, and simultaneous Bayesian analyses of multispecies molecular data, we compare alternative hypotheses of assemblage-scale response to late Quaternary climate change. This reveals a hotspot within the Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot. We show that the southern Atlantic forest was climatically unstable relative to the central region, which served as a large climatic refugium for neotropical species in the late Pleistocene. This sets new priorities for conservation in Brazil and establishes a validated approach to biodiversity prediction in other understudied, species-rich regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carnaval, Ana Carolina -- Hickerson, Michael J -- Haddad, Celio F B -- Rodrigues, Miguel T -- Moritz, Craig -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):785-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1166955.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA. carnaval@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197066" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/classification/*genetics ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Demography ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Time ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Unleashing an army to repair alien-ravaged ecosystems (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):562-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_562.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Insects ; Plant Development ; *Plants ; South Africa ; Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Physiology. What determines coral health? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weis, Virginia M -- Allemand, Denis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1153-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1172540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. weisv@science.oregonstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/genetics/*physiology ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Dinoflagellida/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/chemistry ; Stress, Physiological ; *Symbiosis
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  • 84
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    Serengeti birds maintain forests by inhibiting seed predators (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-04
    Description: Of fundamental interest in conservation ecology are the regulatory mechanisms that maintain communities. We document a mechanism that maintains forests in the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania, and the destabilization when disturbance opens forest canopy. Forest birds, by consuming seeds, protected them from beetle attack. Consumption increased the germination rate and the density of seedlings and recruits, which was sufficient to maintain the forest. Opening of the canopy resulted in loss of birds, increased beetle attack, and loss of germination. Thus, frugivorous birds are necessary for the maintenance of forests. Their absence could have resulted in the observed forest decline since 1966.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sharam, Gregory J -- Sinclair, A R E -- Turkington, Roy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 3;325(5936):51. doi: 10.1126/science.1173805.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biodiversity Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Beetles ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Germination ; Population Dynamics ; *Seeds/growth & development ; Tanzania ; *Trees/growth & development
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    Shifts in lake N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: Human activities have more than doubled the amount of nitrogen (N) circulating in the biosphere. One major pathway of this anthropogenic N input into ecosystems has been increased regional deposition from the atmosphere. Here we show that atmospheric N deposition increased the stoichiometric ratio of N and phosphorus (P) in lakes in Norway, Sweden, and Colorado, United States, and, as a result, patterns of ecological nutrient limitation were shifted. Under low N deposition, phytoplankton growth is generally N-limited; however, in high-N deposition lakes, phytoplankton growth is consistently P-limited. Continued anthropogenic amplification of the global N cycle will further alter ecological processes, such as biogeochemical cycling, trophic dynamics, and biological diversity, in the world's lakes, even in lakes far from direct human disturbance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elser, James J -- Andersen, Tom -- Baron, Jill S -- Bergstrom, Ann-Kristin -- Jansson, Mats -- Kyle, Marcia -- Nydick, Koren R -- Steger, Laura -- Hessen, Dag O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):835-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1176199.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. j.elser@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Colorado ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Fresh Water/*chemistry ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Nitrates/analysis ; Nitrogen/*analysis ; Norway ; Phosphorus/*analysis ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/*physiology ; Sweden ; Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    Coral reefs. Calcification rates drop in Australian reefs (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):27. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5910.27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/growth & development/*physiology ; Australia ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/analysis ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Temperature
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    Bone assemblages track animal community structure over 40 years in an African savanna ecosystem (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-23
    Description: Reconstructing ancient communities depends on how accurately fossil assemblages retain information about living populations. We report a high level of fidelity between modern bone assemblages and living populations based on a 40-year study of the Amboseli ecosystem in southern Kenya. Relative abundance of 15 herbivorous species recorded in the bone assemblage accurately tracks the living populations through major changes in community composition and habitat over intervals as short as 5 years. The aggregated bone sample provides an accurate record of community structure time-averaged over four decades. These results lay the groundwork for integrating paleobiological and contemporary ecological studies across evolutionary and ecological time scales. Bone surveys also provide a useful method of assessing population changes and community structure for modern vertebrates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Western, David -- Behrensmeyer, Anna K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1061-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1171155.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉African Conservation Center, Box 62844, Nairobi, Kenya. dwestern@africaonline.co.ke〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19461002" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Body Size ; *Bone and Bones ; *Ecosystem ; Fossils ; Kenya ; Population Dynamics ; Regression Analysis ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; *Vertebrates
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  • 88
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    Ecology. Phenology feedbacks on climate change (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penuelas, Josep -- Rutishauser, This -- Filella, Iolanda -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):887-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1173004.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Global Ecology Unit, Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF-CEAB-CSIC), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain. josep.penuelas@uab.cat〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/chemistry ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Organic Chemicals/analysis/metabolism ; *Plant Development ; Plant Leaves/*growth & development/metabolism ; Plants/metabolism ; *Seasons ; Temperature
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    AAAS annual meeting. Will many endangered species recover? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 20;323(5917):998-9. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5917.998b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19229008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Macrovertebrate paleontology and the Pliocene habitat of Ardipithecus ramidus (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-08
    Description: A diverse assemblage of large mammals is spatially and stratigraphically associated with Ardipithecus ramidus at Aramis. The most common species are tragelaphine antelope and colobine monkeys. Analyses of their postcranial remains situate them in a closed habitat. Assessment of dental mesowear, microwear, and stable isotopes from these and a wider range of abundant associated larger mammals indicates that the local habitat at Aramis was predominantly woodland. The Ar. ramidus enamel isotope values indicate a minimal C4 vegetation component in its diet (plants using the C4 photosynthetic pathway), which is consistent with predominantly forest/woodland feeding. Although the Early Pliocene Afar included a range of environments, and the local environment at Aramis and its vicinity ranged from forests to wooded grasslands, the integration of available physical and biological evidence establishes Ar. ramidus as a denizen of the closed habitats along this continuum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, Tim D -- Ambrose, Stanley H -- Suwa, Gen -- Su, Denise F -- DeGusta, David -- Bernor, Raymond L -- Boisserie, Jean-Renaud -- Brunet, Michel -- Delson, Eric -- Frost, Stephen -- Garcia, Nuria -- Giaourtsakis, Ioannis X -- Haile-Selassie, Yohannes -- Howell, F Clark -- Lehmann, Thomas -- Likius, Andossa -- Pehlevan, Cesur -- Saegusa, Haruo -- Semprebon, Gina -- Teaford, Mark -- Vrba, Elisabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):87-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Evolution Research Center and Department of Integrative Biology, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19810193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Cercopithecidae/anatomy & histology ; Diet ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/classification ; Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification ; Paleodontology ; Plants ; Population Density ; Tooth/anatomy & histology ; Trees
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  • 91
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    Eutrophication: time to adjust expectations (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacoby, Charles A -- Frazer, Thomas K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):723-4; author reply 724-5. doi: 10.1126/science.324_723b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA. cajacoby@ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Eutrophication ; *Fresh Water/chemistry ; *Nitrogen/analysis ; *Phosphorus/analysis
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  • 92
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    Microbiology. No place too cold (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laybourn-Parry, Johanna -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 19;324(5934):1521-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1173645.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia. Jo.Laybourn-Parry@utas.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19541982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Arctic Regions ; Biodiversity ; Carbon/metabolism ; *Cold Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; *Water Microbiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Where are the parasites? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kutz, Susan J -- Dobson, Andy P -- Hoberg, Eric P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 27;326(5957):1187-8. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5957.1187-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions/epidemiology ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Parasites/growth & development/*physiology ; Parasitic Diseases, Animal/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission ; Population Dynamics
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  • 94
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    Drought sensitivity of the Amazon rainforest (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-07
    Description: Amazon forests are a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. If, as anticipated, they dry this century, they might accelerate climate change through carbon losses and changed surface energy balances. We used records from multiple long-term monitoring plots across Amazonia to assess forest responses to the intense 2005 drought, a possible analog of future events. Affected forest lost biomass, reversing a large long-term carbon sink, with the greatest impacts observed where the dry season was unusually intense. Relative to pre-2005 conditions, forest subjected to a 100-millimeter increase in water deficit lost 5.3 megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare. The drought had a total biomass carbon impact of 1.2 to 1.6 petagrams (1.2 x 10(15) to 1.6 x 10(15) grams). Amazon forests therefore appear vulnerable to increasing moisture stress, with the potential for large carbon losses to exert feedback on climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, Oliver L -- Aragao, Luiz E O C -- Lewis, Simon L -- Fisher, Joshua B -- Lloyd, Jon -- Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela -- Malhi, Yadvinder -- Monteagudo, Abel -- Peacock, Julie -- Quesada, Carlos A -- van der Heijden, Geertje -- Almeida, Samuel -- Amaral, Ieda -- Arroyo, Luzmila -- Aymard, Gerardo -- Baker, Tim R -- Banki, Olaf -- Blanc, Lilian -- Bonal, Damien -- Brando, Paulo -- Chave, Jerome -- de Oliveira, Atila Cristina Alves -- Cardozo, Nallaret Davila -- Czimczik, Claudia I -- Feldpausch, Ted R -- Freitas, Maria Aparecida -- Gloor, Emanuel -- Higuchi, Niro -- Jimenez, Eliana -- Lloyd, Gareth -- Meir, Patrick -- Mendoza, Casimiro -- Morel, Alexandra -- Neill, David A -- Nepstad, Daniel -- Patino, Sandra -- Penuela, Maria Cristina -- Prieto, Adriana -- Ramirez, Fredy -- Schwarz, Michael -- Silva, Javier -- Silveira, Marcos -- Thomas, Anne Sota -- Steege, Hans Ter -- Stropp, Juliana -- Vasquez, Rodolfo -- Zelazowski, Przemyslaw -- Alvarez Davila, Esteban -- Andelman, Sandy -- Andrade, Ana -- Chao, Kuo-Jung -- Erwin, Terry -- Di Fiore, Anthony -- Honorio C, Euridice -- Keeling, Helen -- Killeen, Tim J -- Laurance, William F -- Pena Cruz, Antonio -- Pitman, Nigel C A -- Nunez Vargas, Percy -- Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma -- Rudas, Agustin -- Salamao, Rafael -- Silva, Natalino -- Terborgh, John -- Torres-Lezama, Armando -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1344-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1164033.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Global Change, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. o.phillips@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19265020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Biomass ; Brazil ; Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide ; Climate ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; South America ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate
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    Microbiology. Fantastic fixers (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fulweiler, Robinson W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 16;326(5951):377-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1181129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. rwf@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19833949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/growth & development/*metabolism ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/growth & development/*metabolism ; Cold Temperature ; Deltaproteobacteria/growth & development/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Methane/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Nitrogen Isotopes/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Seawater/microbiology ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Symbiosis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the fungus gardens of leaf-cutter ants (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Bacteria-mediated acquisition of atmospheric N2 serves as a critical source of nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. Here we reveal that symbiotic nitrogen fixation facilitates the cultivation of specialized fungal crops by leaf-cutter ants. By using acetylene reduction and stable isotope experiments, we demonstrated that N2 fixation occurred in the fungus gardens of eight leaf-cutter ant species and, further, that this fixed nitrogen was incorporated into ant biomass. Symbiotic N2-fixing bacteria were consistently isolated from the fungus gardens of 80 leaf-cutter ant colonies collected in Argentina, Costa Rica, and Panama. The discovery of N2 fixation within the leaf-cutter ant-microbe symbiosis reveals a previously unrecognized nitrogen source in neotropical ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pinto-Tomas, Adrian A -- Anderson, Mark A -- Suen, Garret -- Stevenson, David M -- Chu, Fiona S T -- Cleland, W Wallace -- Weimer, Paul J -- Currie, Cameron R -- GM 18938/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1120-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1173036.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylene/metabolism ; Animals ; Ants/metabolism/microbiology/*physiology ; Argentina ; Costa Rica ; *Ecosystem ; Fungi/growth & development/*physiology ; Klebsiella/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitrogen/analysis/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Panama ; Pantoea/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; *Symbiosis
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    Ecology. Biodiversity and climate change (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, Kathy J -- Bhagwat, Shonil A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):806-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1178838.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Long-Term Ecology Laboratory, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK. kathy.willis@ouce.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Birds ; Butterflies ; *Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; South America ; Trees ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Nursing China's ailing forests back to health (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 31;325(5940):556-8. doi: 10.1126/science.325_556.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Forestry/economics/methods ; Government Regulation ; Public Policy ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    Elevated CO2 reduces losses of plant diversity caused by nitrogen deposition (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: The interactive effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and elevated nitrogen (N) deposition on plant diversity are not well understood. This is of concern because both factors are important components of global environmental change and because each might suppress diversity, with their combined effects possibly additive or synergistic. In a long-term open-air experiment, grassland assemblages planted with 16 species were grown under all combinations of ambient and elevated CO2 and ambient and elevated N. Over 10 years, elevated N reduced species richness by 16% at ambient CO2 but by just 8% at elevated CO2. This resulted from multiple effects of CO2 and N on plant traits and soil resources that altered competitive interactions among species. Elevated CO2 thus ameliorated the negative effects of N enrichment on species richness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reich, Peter B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1399-402. doi: 10.1126/science.1178820.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. preich@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemone/growth & development/metabolism ; Asclepias/genetics/metabolism ; Asteraceae/growth & development/metabolism ; *Atmosphere ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; Fabaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Light ; Minnesota ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Plant Development ; *Plants/metabolism ; Poaceae/growth & development/metabolism ; Soil/analysis ; Water/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    Public trust doctrine: in need of integration (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Portman, Michelle E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):45; author reply 45-6. doi: 10.1126/science.326_45a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Policy Center of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. mportman@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Government Regulation ; Legislation as Topic ; Oceans and Seas ; *Public Policy ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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