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Global synthesis of the temperature sensitivity of leaf litter breakdown in streams and rivers (2017)

J. J. Follstad Shah, J. S. Kominoski, M. Ardón, W. K. Dodds, M. O. Gessner, N. A. Griffiths, C.P. Hawkins, S.L. Johnson, A. Lecerf, C. J. Le; Roy, D. W. P Manning, A. D. Rosemond, R. L. Sinsabaugh, C. M. Swan, J. R. Webster, L. H. Zeglin

Wiley

In: Global Change Biology

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Publication Date: 2017-01-01

Description: Streams and rivers are important conduits of terrestrially derived carbon (C) to atmospheric and marine reservoirs. Leaf litter breakdown rates are expected to increase as water temperatures rise in response to climate change. The magnitude of increase in breakdown rates is uncertain, given differences in litter quality and microbial and detritivore community responses to temperature, factors that can influence the apparent temperature sensitivity of breakdown and the relative proportion of C lost to the atmosphere vs. stored or transported downstream. Here, we synthesized 1025 records of litter breakdown in streams and rivers to quantify its temperature sensitivity, as measured by the activation energy ( E a , in eV). Temperature sensitivity of litter breakdown varied among twelve plant genera for which E a could be calculated. Higher values of E a were correlated with lower quality litter, but these correlations were influenced by a single, N-fixing genus ( Alnus ). E a values converged when genera were classified into three breakdown rate categories, potentially due to continual water availability in streams and rivers modulating the influence of leaf chemistry on breakdown. Across all data representing 85 plant genera, the E a was 0.34 ± 0.04 eV, or approximately half the value (0.65 eV) predicted by metabolic theory. Our results indicate that average breakdown rates may increase by 5-21% with a 1-4 °C rise in water temperature, rather than a 10-45% increase expected, according to metabolic theory. Differential warming of tropical and temperate biomes could result in a similar proportional increase in breakdown rates, despite variation in E a values for these regions (0.75 ± 0.13 eV and 0.27 ± 0.05 eV, respectively). The relative proportions of gaseous C loss and organic matter transport downstream should not change with rising temperature given that E a values for breakdown mediated by microbes alone and microbes plus detritivores were similar at the global scale. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Print ISSN: 1354-1013

Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Published by Wiley

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Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry of microbial organic nutrient acquisition in soil and sediment (2009)

R. L. Sinsabaugh ; B. H. Hill ; J. J. Follstad Shah

Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

In: Nature. 462(7274): 795-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08632.

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Publication Date: 2009-12-17

Description: Biota can be described in terms of elemental composition, expressed as an atomic ratio of carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (refs 1-3). The elemental stoichiometry of microoorganisms is fundamental for understanding the production dynamics and biogeochemical cycles of ecosystems because microbial biomass is the trophic base of detrital food webs. Here we show that heterotrophic microbial communities of diverse composition from terrestrial soils and freshwater sediments share a common functional stoichiometry in relation to organic nutrient acquisition. The activities of four enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of assimilable products from the principal environmental sources of C, N and P show similar scaling relationships over several orders of magnitude, with a mean ratio for C:N:P activities near 1:1:1 in all habitats. We suggest that these ecoenzymatic ratios reflect the equilibria between the elemental composition of microbial biomass and detrital organic matter and the efficiencies of microbial nutrient assimilation and growth. Because ecoenzymatic activities intersect the stoichiometric and metabolic theories of ecology, they provide a functional measure of the threshold at which control of community metabolism shifts from nutrient to energy flow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sinsabaugh, Robert L -- Hill, Brian H -- Follstad Shah, Jennifer J -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 10;462(7274):795-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08632.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 871312, USA. rlsinsab@unm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Biomass ; Carbon/*metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Enzyme Assays ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry/microbiology ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Plants/metabolism ; Rivers ; *Soil Microbiology ; United States ; Wetlands

Print ISSN: 0028-0836

Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics