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  • Articles  (255)
  • Rats
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (255)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1188-90. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6265.1188.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/blood/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Biological Clocks/genetics/*physiology ; Biomarkers/blood/metabolism ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Mice ; Rats ; Telomere Homeostasis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Servick, Kelly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):15. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6268.15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; Cell Differentiation ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Industry ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/*transplantation ; Financing, Organized ; Humans ; Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Rats ; Regenerative Medicine/*economics/*trends ; Retina/cytology/physiology ; Stem Cell Research/*economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Voltage-gated CaV1.2 channels (L-type calcium channel alpha1C subunits) are critical mediators of transcription-dependent neural plasticity. Whether these channels signal via the influx of calcium ion (Ca(2+)), voltage-dependent conformational change (VDeltaC), or a combination of the two has thus far been equivocal. We fused CaV1.2 to a ligand-gated Ca(2+)-permeable channel, enabling independent control of localized Ca(2+) and VDeltaC signals. This revealed an unexpected dual requirement: Ca(2+) must first mobilize actin-bound Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, freeing it for subsequent VDeltaC-mediated accumulation. Neither signal alone sufficed to activate transcription. Signal order was crucial: Efficiency peaked when Ca(2+) preceded VDeltaC by 10 to 20 seconds. CaV1.2 VDeltaC synergistically augmented signaling by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Furthermore, VDeltaC mistuning correlated with autistic symptoms in Timothy syndrome. Thus, nonionic VDeltaC signaling is vital to the function of CaV1.2 in synaptic and neuropsychiatric processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Boxing -- Tadross, Michael R -- Tsien, Richard W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):863-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3647.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Beckman Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. tadrossm@janelia.hhmi.org. ; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Beckman Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/genetics/metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; HEK293 Cells ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome/genetics/metabolism ; Neuronal Plasticity/*genetics ; Neurons/drug effects/*metabolism ; Nimodipine/pharmacology ; Protein Conformation/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Syndactyly/genetics/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: Motivation for reward drives adaptive behaviors, whereas impairment of reward perception and experience (anhedonia) can contribute to psychiatric diseases, including depression and schizophrenia. We sought to test the hypothesis that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) controls interactions among specific subcortical regions that govern hedonic responses. By using optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging to locally manipulate but globally visualize neural activity in rats, we found that dopamine neuron stimulation drives striatal activity, whereas locally increased mPFC excitability reduces this striatal response and inhibits the behavioral drive for dopaminergic stimulation. This chronic mPFC overactivity also stably suppresses natural reward-motivated behaviors and induces specific new brainwide functional interactions, which predict the degree of anhedonia in individuals. These findings describe a mechanism by which mPFC modulates expression of reward-seeking behavior, by regulating the dynamical interactions between specific distant subcortical regions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772156/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772156/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferenczi, Emily A -- Zalocusky, Kelly A -- Liston, Conor -- Grosenick, Logan -- Warden, Melissa R -- Amatya, Debha -- Katovich, Kiefer -- Mehta, Hershel -- Patenaude, Brian -- Ramakrishnan, Charu -- Kalanithi, Paul -- Etkin, Amit -- Knutson, Brian -- Glover, Gary H -- Deisseroth, Karl -- 1F31MH105151_01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB015891/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R00 MH097822/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):aac9698. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9698.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. ; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. ; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. deissero@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26722001" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anhedonia/*physiology ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Corpus Striatum/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Depressive Disorder/physiopathology ; Dopamine/pharmacology ; Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; *Motivation ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Oxygen/blood ; Prefrontal Cortex/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred LEC ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; *Reward ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: Steroids regulate cell proliferation, tissue development, and cell signaling via two pathways: a nuclear receptor mechanism and genome-independent signaling. Sperm activation, egg maturation, and steroid-induced anesthesia are executed via the latter pathway, the key components of which remain unknown. Here, we present characterization of the human sperm progesterone receptor that is conveyed by the orphan enzyme alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 2 (ABHD2). We show that ABHD2 is highly expressed in spermatozoa, binds progesterone, and acts as a progesterone-dependent lipid hydrolase by depleting the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) from plasma membrane. The 2AG inhibits the sperm calcium channel (CatSper), and its removal leads to calcium influx via CatSper and ensures sperm activation. This study reveals that progesterone-activated endocannabinoid depletion by ABHD2 is a general mechanism by which progesterone exerts its genome-independent action and primes sperm for fertilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Melissa R -- Mannowetz, Nadja -- Iavarone, Anthony T -- Safavi, Rojin -- Gracheva, Elena O -- Smith, James F -- Hill, Rose Z -- Bautista, Diana M -- Kirichok, Yuriy -- Lishko, Polina V -- 1S10OD020062-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR059385/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AR059385/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM111802/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01HD068914/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R21HD081403/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- S10RR025622/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):555-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6887. Epub 2016 Mar 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; QB3/Chemistry Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology; Department of Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair (CNNR), Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06536, USA. ; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ; Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. lishko@berkeley.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/*deficiency ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Endocannabinoids/*deficiency ; Fertilization ; Glycerides/*deficiency ; Humans ; Hydrolases/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Progesterone/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Progesterone/genetics/*metabolism ; Sperm Motility/drug effects/*physiology ; Spermatozoa/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology ; Young Adult
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: Cell assembly sequences during learning are "replayed" during hippocampal ripples and contribute to the consolidation of episodic memories. However, neuronal sequences may also reflect preexisting dynamics. We report that sequences of place-cell firing in a novel environment are formed from a combination of the contributions of a rigid, predominantly fast-firing subset of pyramidal neurons with low spatial specificity and limited change across sleep-experience-sleep and a slow-firing plastic subset. Slow-firing cells, rather than fast-firing cells, gained high place specificity during exploration, elevated their association with ripples, and showed increased bursting and temporal coactivation during postexperience sleep. Thus, slow- and fast-firing neurons, although forming a continuous distribution, have different coding and plastic properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grosmark, Andres D -- Buzsaki, Gyorgy -- MH102840/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH54671/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS075015/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH107396/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1440-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1935.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10019, USA. The Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; The Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA. Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA. gyorgy.buzsaki@nyumc.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiopathology ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred LEC ; Sleep/physiology
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: Expansions of a hexanucleotide repeat (GGGGCC) in the noncoding region of the C9orf72 gene are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. Decreased expression of C9orf72 is seen in expansion carriers, suggesting that loss of function may play a role in disease. We found that two independent mouse lines lacking the C9orf72 ortholog (3110043O21Rik) in all tissues developed normally and aged without motor neuron disease. Instead, C9orf72 null mice developed progressive splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy with accumulation of engorged macrophage-like cells. C9orf72 expression was highest in myeloid cells, and the loss of C9orf72 led to lysosomal accumulation and altered immune responses in macrophages and microglia, with age-related neuroinflammation similar to C9orf72 ALS but not sporadic ALS human patient tissue. Thus, C9orf72 is required for the normal function of myeloid cells, and altered microglial function may contribute to neurodegeneration in C9orf72 expansion carriers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Rourke, J G -- Bogdanik, L -- Yanez, A -- Lall, D -- Wolf, A J -- Muhammad, A K M G -- Ho, R -- Carmona, S -- Vit, J P -- Zarrow, J -- Kim, K J -- Bell, S -- Harms, M B -- Miller, T M -- Dangler, C A -- Underhill, D M -- Goodridge, H S -- Lutz, C M -- Baloh, R H -- GM085796/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS069669/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS078398/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS087351/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1TR000124/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1324-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1064.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. ; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA. ; Division of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. ; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. ; Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/immunology ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics/*immunology ; Animals ; Frontotemporal Dementia/genetics/*immunology ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases/genetics/immunology ; Macrophages/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Microglia/*immunology ; Myeloid Cells/*immunology ; Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Rats ; Splenomegaly/genetics/immunology
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-02-06
    Description: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) haploinsufficiency is causative for the neurological features of Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMDS), including a high risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used unbiased, quantitative proteomics to identify changes in the phosphoproteome of Shank3-deficient neurons. Down-regulation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling resulted from enhanced phosphorylation and activation of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit, B56beta, due to increased steady-state levels of its kinase, Cdc2-like kinase 2 (CLK2). Pharmacological and genetic activation of Akt or inhibition of CLK2 relieved synaptic deficits in Shank3-deficient and PMDS patient-derived neurons. CLK2 inhibition also restored normal sociability in a Shank3-deficient mouse model. Our study thereby provides a novel mechanistic and potentially therapeutic understanding of deregulated signaling downstream of Shank3 deficiency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bidinosti, Michael -- Botta, Paolo -- Kruttner, Sebastian -- Proenca, Catia C -- Stoehr, Natacha -- Bernhard, Mario -- Fruh, Isabelle -- Mueller, Matthias -- Bonenfant, Debora -- Voshol, Hans -- Carbone, Walter -- Neal, Sarah J -- McTighe, Stephanie M -- Roma, Guglielmo -- Dolmetsch, Ricardo E -- Porter, Jeffrey A -- Caroni, Pico -- Bouwmeester, Tewis -- Luthi, Andreas -- Galimberti, Ivan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1199-203. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5487. Epub 2016 Feb 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ; Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland. ; Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ; Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA. ; Developmental Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ivan.galimberti@novartis.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26847545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/*drug therapy/enzymology/genetics ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Disorders/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Neurons/enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Phosphatase 2/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton can transmit mechanical signals and resist compression in contracting cardiomyocytes. How MTs perform these roles remains unclear because of difficulties in observing MTs during the rapid contractile cycle. Here, we used high spatial and temporal resolution imaging to characterize MT behavior in beating mouse myocytes. MTs deformed under contractile load into sinusoidal buckles, a behavior dependent on posttranslational "detyrosination" of alpha-tubulin. Detyrosinated MTs associated with desmin at force-generating sarcomeres. When detyrosination was reduced, MTs uncoupled from sarcomeres and buckled less during contraction, which allowed sarcomeres to shorten and stretch with less resistance. Conversely, increased detyrosination promoted MT buckling, stiffened the myocyte, and correlated with impaired function in cardiomyopathy. Thus, detyrosinated MTs represent tunable, compression-resistant elements that may impair cardiac function in disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robison, Patrick -- Caporizzo, Matthew A -- Ahmadzadeh, Hossein -- Bogush, Alexey I -- Chen, Christina Yingxian -- Margulies, Kenneth B -- Shenoy, Vivek B -- Prosser, Benjamin L -- HL089847/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL105993/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R00-HL114879/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01EB017753/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- T32AR053461-09/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- T32HL007954/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):aaf0659. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf0659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. bpros@mail.med.upenn.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Desmin/metabolism ; Elasticity ; Heart Failure/metabolism/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism/*physiology ; Peptide Synthases/genetics/metabolism ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sarcomeres/metabolism ; Tubulin/*metabolism ; Tyrosine/*metabolism
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: Human higher cognition is attributed to the evolutionary expansion and elaboration of the human cerebral cortex. However, the genetic mechanisms contributing to these developmental changes are poorly understood. We used comparative epigenetic profiling of human, rhesus macaque, and mouse corticogenesis to identify promoters and enhancers that have gained activity in humans. These gains are significantly enriched in modules of coexpressed genes in the cortex that function in neuronal proliferation, migration, and cortical-map organization. Gain-enriched modules also showed correlated gene expression patterns and similar transcription factor binding site enrichments in promoters and enhancers, suggesting that they are connected by common regulatory mechanisms. Our results reveal coordinated patterns of potential regulatory changes associated with conserved developmental processes during corticogenesis, providing insight into human cortical evolution.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4426903/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4426903/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reilly, Steven K -- Yin, Jun -- Ayoub, Albert E -- Emera, Deena -- Leng, Jing -- Cotney, Justin -- Sarro, Richard -- Rakic, Pasko -- Noonan, James P -- 099175/Z/12/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- DA023999/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM106628/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM094780/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS014841/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016359/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA023999/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM094780/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007223/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1155-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1260943.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. ; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. james.noonan@yale.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/*growth & development ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*genetics ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Mice ; Organogenesis/*genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/*genetics ; Rats
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krupic, Julija -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 2;350(6256):47. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3002.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. j.krupic@ucl.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26430112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; *Distance Perception ; Fourier Analysis ; Humans ; Metric System ; Neurons/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; Rats ; Spatial Navigation/*physiology
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kupferschmidt, Kai -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):263-4. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6258.263.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/*ultrastructure ; *Computer Simulation ; Investments ; *Models, Neurological ; Neurons/*ultrastructure ; Neurosciences/*economics ; Rats
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: After central nervous system (CNS) injury, inhibitory factors in the lesion scar and poor axon growth potential prevent axon regeneration. Microtubule stabilization reduces scarring and promotes axon growth. However, the cellular mechanisms of this dual effect remain unclear. Here, delayed systemic administration of a blood-brain barrier-permeable microtubule-stabilizing drug, epothilone B (epoB), decreased scarring after rodent spinal cord injury (SCI) by abrogating polarization and directed migration of scar-forming fibroblasts. Conversely, epothilone B reactivated neuronal polarization by inducing concerted microtubule polymerization into the axon tip, which propelled axon growth through an inhibitory environment. Together, these drug-elicited effects promoted axon regeneration and improved motor function after SCI. With recent clinical approval, epothilones hold promise for clinical use after CNS injury.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445125/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445125/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruschel, Jorg -- Hellal, Farida -- Flynn, Kevin C -- Dupraz, Sebastian -- Elliott, David A -- Tedeschi, Andrea -- Bates, Margaret -- Sliwinski, Christopher -- Brook, Gary -- Dobrindt, Kristina -- Peitz, Michael -- Brustle, Oliver -- Norenberg, Michael D -- Blesch, Armin -- Weidner, Norbert -- Bunge, Mary Bartlett -- Bixby, John L -- Bradke, Frank -- R01 HD057632/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS059866/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):347-52. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2958. Epub 2015 Mar 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany. ; The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 Northwest 14th Terrace, Miami, FL33136, USA. ; Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200A, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Institute for Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University, Steinbergweg 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany. Julich-Aachen Research Alliance-Translational Brain Medicine. ; Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life&Brain Center, University of Bonn and Hertie Foundation, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany. ; Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA. ; Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany. frank.bradke@dzne.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25765066" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*drug effects/physiology ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Cell Polarity/drug effects ; Cicatrix/pathology/*prevention & control ; Epothilones/*administration & dosage ; Fibroblasts/drug effects/pathology ; Humans ; Meninges/drug effects/pathology ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Nerve Regeneration/*drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects/pathology ; Rats ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*drug therapy/pathology/physiopathology ; Tubulin Modulators/*administration & dosage
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2015-03-31
    Description: During intracellular membrane trafficking, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) and alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein (alpha-SNAP) disassemble the soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex for recycling of the SNARE proteins. The molecular mechanism by which NSF disassembles the SNARE complex is largely unknown. Using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and magnetic tweezers, we found that NSF disassembled a single SNARE complex in only one round of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) turnover. Upon ATP cleavage, the NSF hexamer developed internal tension with dissociation of phosphate ions. After latent time measuring tens of seconds, NSF released the built-up tension in a burst within 20 milliseconds, resulting in disassembly followed by immediate release of the SNARE proteins. Thus, NSF appears to use a "spring-loaded" mechanism to couple ATP hydrolysis and unfolding of substrate proteins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4441202/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4441202/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ryu, Je-Kyung -- Min, Duyoung -- Rah, Sang-Hyun -- Kim, Soo Jin -- Park, Yongsoo -- Kim, Haesoo -- Hyeon, Changbong -- Kim, Ho Min -- Jahn, Reinhard -- Yoon, Tae-Young -- 3P01GM072694-05S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM072694/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1485-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa5267.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Creative Research Initiative Center for Single-Molecule Systems Biology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea. Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea. ; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea. ; Department of Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Gottingen, Germany. ; Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 130-722, South Korea. ; Department of Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Gottingen, Germany. rjahn@gwdg.de tyyoon@kaist.ac.kr. ; National Creative Research Initiative Center for Single-Molecule Systems Biology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea. Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea. rjahn@gwdg.de tyyoon@kaist.ac.kr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cricetinae ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Hydrolysis ; N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Proteins/*metabolism ; Rats ; SNARE Proteins/*metabolism ; Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Proteins/*metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: The actin cross-linking domain (ACD) is an actin-specific toxin produced by several pathogens, including life-threatening spp. of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Actin cross-linking by ACD is thought to lead to slow cytoskeleton failure owing to a gradual sequestration of actin in the form of nonfunctional oligomers. Here, we found that ACD converted cytoplasmic actin into highly toxic oligomers that potently "poisoned" the ability of major actin assembly proteins, formins, to sustain actin polymerization. Thus, ACD can target the most abundant cellular protein by using actin oligomers as secondary toxins to efficiently subvert cellular functions of actin while functioning at very low doses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4648357/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4648357/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heisler, David B -- Kudryashova, Elena -- Grinevich, Dmitry O -- Suarez, Cristian -- Winkelman, Jonathan D -- Birukov, Konstantin G -- Kotha, Sainath R -- Parinandi, Narasimham L -- Vavylonis, Dimitrios -- Kovar, David R -- Kudryashov, Dmitri S -- R01 GM079265/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM098430/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM114666/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL076259/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 31;349(6247):535-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aab4090.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. kudryashov.1@osu.edu kudryashova.1@osu.edu. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA. ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. kudryashov.1@osu.edu kudryashova.1@osu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*metabolism ; Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/*chemistry/genetics/*toxicity ; Bacterial Toxins/*chemistry/genetics/*toxicity ; Cell Line ; Fetal Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects/metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Nuclear Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Polymerization/drug effects ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2015-07-04
    Description: Larger brains tend to have more folded cortices, but what makes the cortex fold has remained unknown. We show that the degree of cortical folding scales uniformly across lissencephalic and gyrencephalic species, across individuals, and within individual cortices as a function of the product of cortical surface area and the square root of cortical thickness. This relation is derived from the minimization of the effective free energy associated with cortical shape according to a simple physical model, based on known mechanisms of axonal elongation. This model also explains the scaling of the folding index of crumpled paper balls. We discuss the implications of this finding for the evolutionary and developmental origin of folding, including the newfound continuum between lissencephaly and gyrencephaly, and for pathologies such as human lissencephaly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mota, Bruno -- Herculano-Houzel, Suzana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 3;349(6243):74-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ; Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Instituto Nacional de Neurociencia Translacional, INCT/MCT, Sao Paulo, Brazil. suzanahh@gmail.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26138976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Count ; *Cerebral Cortex/cytology/embryology/pathology ; Humans ; Lissencephaly/*pathology ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/*cytology/pathology ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buzsaki, Gyorgy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):612-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6505.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉New York University Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. gyorgy.buzsaki@nyumc.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Maze Learning ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Sensation/*physiology ; Space Perception/*physiology
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: Polycomb and Trithorax group proteins encode the epigenetic memory of cellular positional identity by establishing inheritable domains of repressive and active chromatin within the Hox clusters. Here we demonstrate that the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) functions to insulate these adjacent yet antagonistic chromatin domains during embryonic stem cell differentiation into cervical motor neurons. Deletion of CTCF binding sites within the Hox clusters results in the expansion of active chromatin into the repressive domain. CTCF functions as an insulator by organizing Hox clusters into spatially disjoint domains. Ablation of CTCF binding disrupts topological boundaries such that caudal Hox genes leave the repressed domain and become subject to transcriptional activation. Hence, CTCF is required to insulate facultative heterochromatin from impinging euchromatin to produce discrete positional identities.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428148/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4428148/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Narendra, Varun -- Rocha, Pedro P -- An, Disi -- Raviram, Ramya -- Skok, Jane A -- Mazzoni, Esteban O -- Reinberg, Danny -- GM-64844/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM086852/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM112192/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016087/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086852/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM112192/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD079682/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01HD079682/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37-37120/PHS HHS/ -- T32 GM007238/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):1017-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1262088.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. ; Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. danny.reinberg@nyumc.org eom204@nyu.edu. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. danny.reinberg@nyumc.org eom204@nyu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/*genetics ; Chromatin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Dogs ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Humans ; Mice ; Motor Neurons/*cytology ; Multigene Family ; Neck ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-10-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 16;350(6258):261-2. doi: 10.1126/science.350.6258.261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26472885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; *Chimera ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Financing, Organized ; Humans ; Mice ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; Organ Transplantation ; Rats ; Stem Cell Research/*economics ; Swine ; United States
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  • 20
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-08-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 14;349(6249):677. doi: 10.1126/science.349.6249.677.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26273032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics, Opioid/*metabolism ; Animals ; Carbohydrates ; *Genetic Engineering ; Papaver/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Synthetic Biology
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2015-03-15
    Description: Wireless deep brain stimulation of well-defined neuronal populations could facilitate the study of intact brain circuits and the treatment of neurological disorders. Here, we demonstrate minimally invasive and remote neural excitation through the activation of the heat-sensitive capsaicin receptor TRPV1 by magnetic nanoparticles. When exposed to alternating magnetic fields, the nanoparticles dissipate heat generated by hysteresis, triggering widespread and reversible firing of TRPV1(+) neurons. Wireless magnetothermal stimulation in the ventral tegmental area of mice evoked excitation in subpopulations of neurons in the targeted brain region and in structures receiving excitatory projections. The nanoparticles persisted in the brain for over a month, allowing for chronic stimulation without the need for implants and connectors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Ritchie -- Romero, Gabriela -- Christiansen, Michael G -- Mohr, Alan -- Anikeeva, Polina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1477-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1261821. Epub 2015 Mar 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. anikeeva@mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25765068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Deep Brain Stimulation/*methods ; Evoked Potentials ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; *Magnetite Nanoparticles ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/physiology ; Rats ; TRPV Cation Channels/agonists ; Ventral Tegmental Area/physiology ; *Wireless Technology
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 9;347(6218):114. doi: 10.1126/science.347.6218.114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25573999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bionics ; *Electrodes, Implanted ; Movement ; Paralysis/physiopathology/*therapy ; Rats ; Sensation ; Spinal Cord Injuries/physiopathology/*therapy ; *Walking
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2015-05-02
    Description: The hippocampus computes diverse information involving spatial memory, anxiety, or reward and directly projects to several brain areas. Are different computations transmitted to all downstream targets uniformly, or does the hippocampus selectively route information according to content and target region? By recording from ventral hippocampal CA1 neurons in rats during different behavioral tasks and determining axonal projections with optogenetics, we observed subsets of neurons changing firing at places of elevated anxiety or changing activity during goal approach. Anxiety-related firing was selectively increased in neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex. Goal-directed firing was most prominent in neurons targeting the nucleus accumbens; and triple-projecting neurons, targeting the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens, were most active during tasks and sharp wave/ripples. Thus, hippocampal neurons route distinct behavior-contingent information selectively to different target areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciocchi, S -- Passecker, J -- Malagon-Vina, H -- Mikus, N -- Klausberger, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 1;348(6234):560-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3245.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Brain Research, Department for Cognitive Neurobiology, Medical University Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria. stephane.ciocchi@meduniwien.ac.at thomas.klausberger@meduniwien.ac.at. ; Center for Brain Research, Department for Cognitive Neurobiology, Medical University Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria. ; Center for Brain Research, Department for Cognitive Neurobiology, Medical University Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Medical Research Council, Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK. stephane.ciocchi@meduniwien.ac.at thomas.klausberger@meduniwien.ac.at.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25931556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anxiety/physiopathology ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/*physiology ; Cell Communication ; Male ; Mental Processes/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology ; Optogenetics ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred LEC ; *Spatial Learning
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Notch receptors guide mammalian cell fate decisions by engaging the proteins Jagged and Delta-like (DLL). The 2.3 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the interacting regions of the Notch1-DLL4 complex reveals a two-site, antiparallel binding orientation assisted by Notch1 O-linked glycosylation. Notch1 epidermal growth factor-like repeats 11 and 12 interact with the DLL4 Delta/Serrate/Lag-2 (DSL) domain and module at the N-terminus of Notch ligands (MNNL) domains, respectively. Threonine and serine residues on Notch1 are functionalized with O-fucose and O-glucose, which act as surrogate amino acids by making specific, and essential, contacts to residues on DLL4. The elucidation of a direct chemical role for O-glycans in Notch1 ligand engagement demonstrates how, by relying on posttranslational modifications of their ligand binding sites, Notch proteins have linked their functional capacity to developmentally regulated biosynthetic pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445638/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445638/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luca, Vincent C -- Jude, Kevin M -- Pierce, Nathan W -- Nachury, Maxence V -- Fischer, Suzanne -- Garcia, K Christopher -- 1R01-GM097015/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097015/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):847-53. doi: 10.1126/science.1261093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. kcgarcia@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alagille Syndrome/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fucose/chemistry ; Glucose/chemistry ; Glycosylation ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/ultrastructure ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Polysaccharides/chemistry ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy/genetics ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptor, Notch1/*chemistry/genetics/ultrastructure ; Serine/chemistry/genetics ; Threonine/chemistry/genetics
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Navigation depends on multiple neural systems that encode the moment-to-moment changes in an animal's direction and location in space. These include head direction (HD) cells representing the orientation of the head and grid cells that fire at multiple locations, forming a repeating hexagonal grid pattern. Computational models hypothesize that generation of the grid cell signal relies upon HD information that ascends to the hippocampal network via the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN). We inactivated or lesioned the ATN and subsequently recorded single units in the entorhinal cortex and parasubiculum. ATN manipulation significantly disrupted grid and HD cell characteristics while sparing theta rhythmicity in these regions. These results indicate that the HD signal via the ATN is necessary for the generation and function of grid cell activity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4476794/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4476794/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winter, Shawn S -- Clark, Benjamin J -- Taube, Jeffrey S -- NS053907/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH048924/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS053907/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):870-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1259591. Epub 2015 Feb 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. ; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. jeffrey.taube@dartmouth.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anterior Thalamic Nuclei/drug effects/*physiology ; Entorhinal Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Female ; Head ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Lidocaine/pharmacology ; Nerve Net/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred LEC ; Signal Transduction ; Spatial Navigation/*physiology ; Theta Rhythm
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-05-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 22;348(6237):849. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6237.849.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/blood ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; *Blood ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/blood/pharmacology/*physiology ; Brain/drug effects/physiology ; Growth Differentiation Factors/blood/pharmacology/*physiology ; Heart/drug effects/physiology ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects/physiology ; Myostatin/pharmacology/physiology ; Parabiosis ; Rats ; Regeneration/drug effects ; *Rejuvenation
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2015-02-14
    Description: Although it is generally accepted that cellular differentiation requires changes to transcriptional networks, dynamic regulation of promoters and enhancers at specific sets of genes has not been previously studied en masse. Exploiting the fact that active promoters and enhancers are transcribed, we simultaneously measured their activity in 19 human and 14 mouse time courses covering a wide range of cell types and biological stimuli. Enhancer RNAs, then messenger RNAs encoding transcription factors, dominated the earliest responses. Binding sites for key lineage transcription factors were simultaneously overrepresented in enhancers and promoters active in each cellular system. Our data support a highly generalizable model in which enhancer transcription is the earliest event in successive waves of transcriptional change during cellular differentiation or activation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4681433/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4681433/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arner, Erik -- Daub, Carsten O -- Vitting-Seerup, Kristoffer -- Andersson, Robin -- Lilje, Berit -- Drablos, Finn -- Lennartsson, Andreas -- Ronnerblad, Michelle -- Hrydziuszko, Olga -- Vitezic, Morana -- Freeman, Tom C -- Alhendi, Ahmad M N -- Arner, Peter -- Axton, Richard -- Baillie, J Kenneth -- Beckhouse, Anthony -- Bodega, Beatrice -- Briggs, James -- Brombacher, Frank -- Davis, Margaret -- Detmar, Michael -- Ehrlund, Anna -- Endoh, Mitsuhiro -- Eslami, Afsaneh -- Fagiolini, Michela -- Fairbairn, Lynsey -- Faulkner, Geoffrey J -- Ferrai, Carmelo -- Fisher, Malcolm E -- Forrester, Lesley -- Goldowitz, Daniel -- Guler, Reto -- Ha, Thomas -- Hara, Mitsuko -- Herlyn, Meenhard -- Ikawa, Tomokatsu -- Kai, Chieko -- Kawamoto, Hiroshi -- Khachigian, Levon M -- Klinken, S Peter -- Kojima, Soichi -- Koseki, Haruhiko -- Klein, Sarah -- Mejhert, Niklas -- Miyaguchi, Ken -- Mizuno, Yosuke -- Morimoto, Mitsuru -- Morris, Kelly J -- Mummery, Christine -- Nakachi, Yutaka -- Ogishima, Soichi -- Okada-Hatakeyama, Mariko -- Okazaki, Yasushi -- Orlando, Valerio -- Ovchinnikov, Dmitry -- Passier, Robert -- Patrikakis, Margaret -- Pombo, Ana -- Qin, Xian-Yang -- Roy, Sugata -- Sato, Hiroki -- Savvi, Suzana -- Saxena, Alka -- Schwegmann, Anita -- Sugiyama, Daisuke -- Swoboda, Rolf -- Tanaka, Hiroshi -- Tomoiu, Andru -- Winteringham, Louise N -- Wolvetang, Ernst -- Yanagi-Mizuochi, Chiyo -- Yoneda, Misako -- Zabierowski, Susan -- Zhang, Peter -- Abugessaisa, Imad -- Bertin, Nicolas -- Diehl, Alexander D -- Fukuda, Shiro -- Furuno, Masaaki -- Harshbarger, Jayson -- Hasegawa, Akira -- Hori, Fumi -- Ishikawa-Kato, Sachi -- Ishizu, Yuri -- Itoh, Masayoshi -- Kawashima, Tsugumi -- Kojima, Miki -- Kondo, Naoto -- Lizio, Marina -- Meehan, Terrence F -- Mungall, Christopher J -- Murata, Mitsuyoshi -- Nishiyori-Sueki, Hiromi -- Sahin, Serkan -- Nagao-Sato, Sayaka -- Severin, Jessica -- de Hoon, Michiel J L -- Kawai, Jun -- Kasukawa, Takeya -- Lassmann, Timo -- Suzuki, Harukazu -- Kawaji, Hideya -- Summers, Kim M -- Wells, Christine -- FANTOM Consortium -- Hume, David A -- Forrest, Alistair R R -- Sandelin, Albin -- Carninci, Piero -- Hayashizaki, Yoshihide -- P30 CA010815/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):1010-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1259418. Epub 2015 Feb 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25678556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cattle ; Cell Differentiation/*genetics ; Dogs ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2015-01-24
    Description: The 26S proteasome is a key player in eukaryotic protein quality control and in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. Here, we describe quantitative in situ structural studies of this highly dynamic molecular machine in intact hippocampal neurons. We used electron cryotomography with the Volta phase plate, which allowed high fidelity and nanometer precision localization of 26S proteasomes. We undertook a molecular census of single- and double-capped proteasomes and assessed the conformational states of individual complexes. Under the conditions of the experiment-that is, in the absence of proteotoxic stress-only 20% of the 26S proteasomes were engaged in substrate processing. The remainder was in the substrate-accepting ground state. These findings suggest that in the absence of stress, the capacity of the proteasome system is not fully used.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Asano, Shoh -- Fukuda, Yoshiyuki -- Beck, Florian -- Aufderheide, Antje -- Forster, Friedrich -- Danev, Radostin -- Baumeister, Wolfgang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 23;347(6220):439-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1261197.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany. ; Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany. baumeist@biochem.mpg.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Hippocampus/*cytology/enzymology ; Neurons/*enzymology/*ultrastructure ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/*chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2015-02-28
    Description: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The mitochondrial protonophore 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) has beneficial effects on NAFLD, insulin resistance, and obesity in preclinical models but is too toxic for clinical use. We developed a controlled-release oral formulation of DNP, called CRMP (controlled-release mitochondrial protonophore), that produces mild hepatic mitochondrial uncoupling. In rat models, CRMP reduced hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and diabetes. It also normalized plasma transaminase concentrations, ameliorated liver fibrosis, and improved hepatic protein synthetic function in a methionine/choline-deficient rat model of NASH. Chronic treatment with CRMP was not associated with any systemic toxicity. These data offer proof of concept that mild hepatic mitochondrial uncoupling may be a safe and effective therapy for the related epidemics of metabolic syndrome, T2D, and NASH.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495920/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495920/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perry, Rachel J -- Zhang, Dongyan -- Zhang, Xian-Man -- Boyer, James L -- Shulman, Gerald I -- P30 DK-34989/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK-45735/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK034989/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK045735/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK-40936/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK040936/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R24 DK-085638/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK-101019/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U24 DK-059635/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR-000142/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):1253-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa0672. Epub 2015 Feb 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. gerald.shulman@yale.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25721504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,4-Dinitrophenol/*administration & dosage/toxicity ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Delayed-Action Preparations/*administration & dosage ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Proton Ionophores/*administration & dosage/toxicity ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Zucker
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: Neuronal circuits produce self-sustaining sequences of activity patterns, but the precise mechanisms remain unknown. Here we provide evidence for autoassociative dynamics in sequence generation. During sharp-wave ripple (SWR) events, hippocampal neurons express sequenced reactivations, which we show are composed of discrete attractors. Each attractor corresponds to a single location, the representation of which sharpens over the course of several milliseconds, as the reactivation focuses at that location. Subsequently, the reactivation transitions rapidly to a spatially discontiguous location. This alternation between sharpening and transition occurs repeatedly within individual SWRs and is locked to the slow-gamma (25 to 50 hertz) rhythm. These findings support theoretical notions of neural network function and reveal a fundamental discretization in the retrieval of memory in the hippocampus, together with a function for gamma oscillations in the control of attractor dynamics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pfeiffer, Brad E -- Foster, David J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 10;349(6244):180-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9633.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. ; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. david.foster@jhu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26160946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gamma Rhythm ; Hippocampus/*cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred LEC
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pulla, Priyanka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 3;348(6230):15-6. doi: 10.1126/science.348.6230.15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25838358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; *Cause of Death ; Child ; *Child Mortality ; Child, Preschool ; Coma/etiology/mortality ; Cyclopropanes/*toxicity ; Death, Sudden/etiology ; Eating ; Encephalitis/etiology/mortality ; Glucose/administration & dosage ; Glycine/*analogs & derivatives/toxicity ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia/drug therapy/*etiology/*mortality ; India/epidemiology ; Litchi/*toxicity ; Memory Disorders/etiology ; Mental Disorders/etiology ; Rats ; Seizures/etiology ; Toxins, Biological/*toxicity
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: In laboratory rodents, concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) are exceedingly high (up to 7 to 8 millimolar) in the glandular gastric tissue compared to concentrations in other portions of the gastrointestinal tract or to those of most other organs. Gastric GSH varies diurnally, with the highest levels occurring in the late afternoon or early evening. Starvation, treatment with diethyl maleate, or cold-restraint stress all caused marked decreases in stomach GSH, whereas treatment with cobaltous chloride caused an increase in the GSH concentrations. The physiological significance of the high gastric GSH is unknown, but because this endogenous compound may strongly modulate (decrease or increase) the macromolecular binding of certain chemicals capable of inducing stomach tumors, the possible role of glutathione in the pathogenesis of chemically induced gastric cancer should be considered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Body, S C -- Sasame, H A -- Body, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):1010-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/572989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cobalt/pharmacology ; Food Deprivation ; Glutathione/*metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Rats ; Stomach/*metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms/*etiology ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology
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  • 33
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-04-06
    Description: Vascular casts of the pituitary gland have demonstrated a paucity of veins extending from the adenohypophysis to the systemic circulation and have suggested that some adenohypophyseal venous blood returns to the neurohypophysis. The neurohypophyseal capillary bed may function as a vascular switch and in this article a series of 14 questions are proposed regarding the vascular dynamics of the pituitary. Together these questions raise the larger question, namely, whether pituitary hormones are transported directly to the brain to modify brain function?〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bergland, R M -- Page, R B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 6;204(4388):18-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/373118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arteriovenous Anastomosis/anatomy & histology ; Capillaries/anatomy & histology ; Cats ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Dogs ; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/blood supply ; Pituitary Gland/*blood supply ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/blood supply ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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  • 34
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-03-16
    Description: Subcutaneous injections of naloxone, an opiate antagonist, lead to an increase in serum luteinizing hormone concentrations in female but not in male rats before they reach puberty. In addition, estradiol benzoate specifically blocks the luteinizing hormone response to naloxone in prepubertal female rats, suggesting that the opioid peptides have a physiological role in the endocrine events leading to sexual maturation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blank, M S -- Panerai, A E -- Friesen, H G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 16;203(4385):1129-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Female ; Luteinizing Hormone/blood/*secretion ; Male ; Naloxone/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Rats ; Secretory Rate/drug effects ; Sexual Maturation/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-06-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cantor, M B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 15;204(4398):1235-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes ; Methods ; Rats ; *Reinforcement (Psychology)
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-06-08
    Description: The reduction of glycolysis by hypoglycemia or the glucose analog 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) stimulates compensatory sympathetic alterations of metabolism. Considerable attention has been focused on the hypothalamus as the probable locus of requisite metabolic signal detection. We report, however, that unanesthetized chronically decerebrate rats are capable of exhibiting sympathoadrenal hyperglycemia in response to the metabolic challenge presented by 2DG. This findings demonstrates that the forebrain is not necessary for glucoprivic stimulation of this reflex. Since cervical cord transection has been shown to eliminate hyperglycemia induced by 2DG, we conclude that the caudal brainstem contains an essential part of the neural mechanism which both detects metabolic need and ameliorates that need through the release of stored fuels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiRocco, R J -- Grill, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 8;204(4397):1112-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/physiology ; Afferent Pathways ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/*metabolism ; Brain Stem/*physiology ; Decerebrate State ; Deoxy Sugars/*pharmacology ; Deoxyglucose/*pharmacology ; *Energy Metabolism ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Rats ; Reflex/physiology ; Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology
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  • 37
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: Unlike normal animals or those with sham lesions, rats with hippocampal and septal lesions behaved in an operant chamber as if a dependency existed between pellet delivery and their behavior, despite the fact that reinforcement was based on time, not behavior, and was therefore free. This superstitious behavior did not result from a general inability to inhibit responding, as responding rapidly ceased when the pellets were discontinued. These findings suggest that the hippocampus integrates information regarding response-reinforcer relations, which in the normal rat permits superfluous operant behavior to be eliminated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Devenport, L D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):721-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/462183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Conditioning, Operant/physiology ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Learning/physiology ; Rats ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Septal Nuclei/*physiology ; *Superstitions
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 1979-09-21
    Description: The hypothesis was tested that an acute rise of blood pressure may reduce reactivity to noxious stimuli through a baroreceptor-mediated reduction of cerebral arousal. When blood pressure was raised by an infusion of phenylephrine, rats showed less running to terminate or avoid noxious stimuli than during saline infusions. This effect was not seen in rats with denervated baroreceptors. The results suggest that a rise of blood pressure could have motivational consequences significant for human hypertension.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dworkin, B R -- Filewich, R J -- Miller, N E -- Craigmyle, N -- Pickering, T G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 21;205(4412):1299-301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/drug effects/*physiology ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; Hypertension/*physiopathology ; Male ; Motivation/physiology ; Phenylephrine/pharmacology ; Pressoreceptors/*physiology ; Rats
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 1979-01-26
    Description: The onset of maternal responsiveness by virgin female rats to foster pups was observed after (i) complete vomeronasal nerve cuts, (ii) partial olfactory bulb cuts, or (iii) the combined procedures. Although both vomeronasal nerve cuts and olfactory bulb cuts resulted in a more rapid onset of maternal care, relative to control animals with sham operations, animals sustaining the loss of both sources of olfactory input exhibited the shortest response latency. These findings are discussed in terms of the probable distinct functions of the two olfactory systems in the control of maternal behavior in the rat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fleming, A -- Vaccarino, F -- Tambosso, L -- Chee, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 26;203(4378):372-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/760196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways ; Animals ; Central Nervous System/*physiology ; Female ; *Maternal Behavior ; Olfactory Bulb/physiology ; Olfactory Pathways/*physiology ; Rats ; Smell/*physiology
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 1979-08-31
    Description: The Na+,k+-adenosine triphosphatase-inhibiting activity of digitalis genins and their analogs is a function of side-group carbonyl (C = O) oxygen position. For each 2.2 angstroms that this oxygen is displaced from its position in digitoxigenin, activity drops by one order of magnitude. This quantitative relation resolves previously proposed models which have attempted to describe the molecular basis of genin activity. A multidisciplinary (crystallographic, conformational energy, synthetic, biological) approach to structure-activity relations is described.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fullerton, D S -- Yoshioka, K -- Rohrer, D C -- From, A H -- Ahmed, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 31;205(4409):917-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/224455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/enzymology ; Digitalis Glycosides/*pharmacology ; Molecular Conformation ; Rats ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-04-13
    Description: The intraventricular injection of D-alanine-methionine-enkephalinamide (D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide), a synthetic analog of Met-enkephalin that is resistant to enzymatic degradation, inhibits copulatory behavior in sexually vigorous male rats in doses which do not influence motor activity or feeding behavior. This effect is prevented by naloxone, a specific inhibitor of opioid receptors. In addition, injections of naloxone induce copulatory behavior in sexually inactive male rats. These results suggest that endorphins play an important role in the regulation of sexual behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gessa, G L -- Paglietti, E -- Quarantotti, B P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 13;204(4389):203-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Copulation/*drug effects ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; Enkephalins/*pharmacology ; Feeding Behavior/drug effects ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-10-05
    Description: The uptake of 45Ca2+ by nerve-ending fractions from brains of mice was inhibited in vitro by 10(-9)M concentrations of beta-endorphin and in mice injected intraventricularly with 7 picomoles of beta-endorphin. That the effect was a specific opiate agonist response of beta-endorphin was demonstrated by use of the opiate antagonist, naloxone, which reversed the action. A role for beta-endorphin in the regulation of calcium flux and neurotransmitter release should be considered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guerrero-Munoz, F -- de Lourdes Guerrero, M -- Way, E L -- Li, C H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 5;206(4414):89-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39340" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Tolerance ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Rats ; Synaptosomes/*drug effects/metabolism
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-04-06
    Description: Female weanling rats from a colony maintained on a diet low in vitamin D were raised on a diet that was deficient in vitamin D but was otherwise adequate. Vitamin D deficiency was confirmed in the rats by hypocalcemia and the absence of vitamin D metabolites in blood. These females gave birth to litters that were slightly smaller than control litters from females maintained on a vitamin D-containing diet. The pups from the vitamin D-deficient mothers appeared normal throughout lactation, and at weaning had normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate in the plasma. These results indicate that vitamin D and its metabolites are not necessary for reproduction and fetal development in the rat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halloran, B P -- DeLuca, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 6;204(4388):73-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Suckling/blood ; Body Weight ; Bone Development ; Calcium/blood ; Female ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/blood ; Phosphates/blood ; Rats ; *Reproduction ; Vitamin D Deficiency/blood/*physiopathology
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 1979-10-05
    Description: Unilateral lesion of the locus coeruleus and the resultant norepinephrine depletion in the ipsilateral cerebrum alters the relationship between cerebral metabolic demands and local delivery of oxygen and substrates. This effect of norepinephrine depletion is demonstrated by slower recovery of the redox ratio of cytochrome a,a3 during increased metabolic demands induced by local cortical stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harik, S I -- LaManna, J C -- Light, A I -- Rosenthal, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 5;206(4414):69-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/482927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/*metabolism ; Cytochromes/*metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Evoked Potentials ; Locus Coeruleus/*physiology ; Male ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Rats ; Spectrophotometry
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-31
    Description: The role of exteroceptive and interoceptive aversive stimuli in rats 2 to 14 days old was investigated according to an odor aversion paradigm. Amyl acetate odor was paired with eigher peripheral shock, intraperitoneal shock, or lithium chloride poisoning. Intraperitoneal shock was an effective unconditioned stimulus at all ages and produced odor aversions comparable to lithium chloride poisoning; peripheral shock, however, was effective only in rats 10 days of age or older. Interoceptive control of aversively motivated behaviors thus seems to develop before exteroceptive control, and the failure of previous studies to find reliable learning and retention of shock-motivated behaviors before 8 to 10 days of age may be attributable to the site to which shock was applied rather than to insensitivity to shock per se.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haroutunian, V -- Campbell, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 31;205(4409):927-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology ; Electroshock ; Perception/*physiology ; Rats ; Retention (Psychology)/physiology ; Smell/physiology
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-07-20
    Description: Close study of 3-hydroxybutyrate uptake by brain suggests that its metabolism is limited by permeability. Furthermore, the permeability characteristics vary from region to region; areas known to have no blood-brain barrier show the highest rate of utilization. The results imply that rather than substitute fuels, ketone bodies should be considered supplements which partially supply specific areas but are incapable of supporting the entire energy requirement of all brain regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hawkins, R A -- Biebuyck, J F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 20;205(4403):325-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain/*metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Hydroxybutyrates/metabolism ; Ketone Bodies/*metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Starvation/metabolism
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-09-14
    Description: 17 beta-[16 alpha-125I]Iodoestradiol has been synthesized by exchange of 16 beta-bromoestradiol with Na125I. The iodinated product is readily separated from the bromo reactant by column chromatography. It concentrates in the rat uterus in vivo and binds avidly and specifically to the uterine estrogen receptor in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hochberg, R B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 14;205(4411):1138-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estradiol/*analogs & derivatives/analysis/metabolism ; Female ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Radioimmunoassay/methods ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism ; Uterus/metabolism
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-06-15
    Description: Norepinephrine reversibly antagonizes three calcium-dependent potentials recorded from rat postganglionic neurons. Norepinephrine inhibits the development of a shoulder on the aciton potential, the magnitude of the hyperpolarizing afterpotential, and the rate of rise and amplitude of the calcium spike. The action of norepinephrine is antagonized by the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine, but not by MJ 1999, a beta-adrenergic antagonist. These results suggest that activation of an alpha-adrenergic receptor may antagonize a voltage-sensitive calcium current.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horn, J P -- McAfee, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 15;204(4398):1233-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/221979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Dopamine/pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; Ganglia, Autonomic/*drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channels/*drug effects ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials/*drug effects ; Neurons/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-01-26
    Description: Progesterone receptors in the autonomous rat mammary tumor MTW-9B are reduced 80 to 90 percent after ovariectomy, but are not reduced if ovariectomized animals are given estrogen. Tumor growth, however, is independent of estrogen status and insensitive to pharmacological doses of estradiol. This represents an unusual system characterized by a selective action of an inducing agent on the genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ip, M -- Milholland, R J -- Rosen, F -- Kim, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 26;203(4378):361-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/760195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Castration ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Estradiol/metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis/drug effects/*metabolism
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 1979-01-26
    Description: A single injection of methylazoxymethanol in pregnant rats at 15 days of gestation results in severe cortical atrophy in the offspring. In the adult offspring, the neurochemical markers for the cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing neurons are severely reduced, whereas the noradrenergic markers are minimally altered. Immunohistofluorescence microscopy demonstrates a marked increase in the density of noradrenergic axons which have an abnormal pattern of distribution in the atrophic cortex. The results suggest that the central noradrenergic neurons determine the number of axons to be formed early in brain development, but local factors in the terminal field regulate the ultimate distribution of the noradrenergic axons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnston, M V -- Grzanna, R -- Coyle, J T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 26;203(4378):369-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic Fibers/cytology/*embryology ; Animals ; Azo Compounds/*pharmacology ; Brain/cytology/*embryology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/embryology/enzymology ; Glutamate Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Methylazoxymethanol Acetate/*pharmacology ; Neural Pathways/embryology ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Rats ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-10-19
    Description: A mixture of seven food dyes inhibited the accumulation of eight neurotransmitters or neurotransmitter precursors by rat brain homogenate. At a low concentration (1 microgram per milliliter), erythrosin B (FD&C red 3) was the only dye that inhibited dopamine accumulation. Erythrosin also was effective in decreasing the accumulation of all the other transmitter substances, suggesting that the inhibition is nonspecific and probably secondary to general membrane alteration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Logan, W J -- Swanson, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 19;206(4416):363-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell-Free System ; Depression, Chemical ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Erythrosine/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Fluoresceins/*pharmacology ; Food Coloring Agents/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Rats ; Synapses/*drug effects
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 1979-05-11
    Description: Differential spread of afterdischarge activity initiated electrically in ventral and dorsal parts of the hippocampal formation was studied by the [14C]deoxyglucose technique in rats. Afterdischarges initiated in either the ventral or dorsal hippocampal formation, without activation of the ventral subicular cortex, increased glucose utilization in the lateral septum. In contrast, afterdischarges initiated by direct activation of the ventral subicular cortex increased glucose utilization in extensive areas of the ipsilateral amygdala, claustrum, hypothalamus, preoptic region, and basal forebrain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kliot, M -- Poletti, C E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 11;204(4393):641-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Brain Mapping ; Deoxy Sugars/*metabolism ; Deoxyglucose/*metabolism ; Diencephalon/metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Male ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Rats
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 1979-05-25
    Description: Single islet cells in monolayer cultures of neonatal rat pancreas were microinjected with fluorescein and scanned topographically by microfluorometry. Fluorescein spread from an injected islet cell directly into neighboring islet cells, and, in the presence of 16.7 millimolar glucose, significantly more islet cells communicated with the injected cell than in glucose-free medium. Islet cells were also microinjected with glycolytic substrates and activators that produced transient changes in cellular levels of reduced pyridine nucleotides-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H]. Changes in NAD(P)H fluorescence were observed in islet cells incubated first for 18 hours in very low glucose concentrations and then in a glucose-free medium and injected with glycolytic substrates and activators; however, little change of fluorescence occurred in adjacent islet cells. In contrast, after adding 16.7 millimolar glucose to the medium, injection of glycolytic substrates and activators produced transient changes in NAD(P)H fluorescence in the injected cell and in neighboring cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kohen, E -- Kohen, C -- Thorell, B -- Mintz, D H -- Rabinovitch, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 25;204(4395):862-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Communication/drug effects ; Fluoresceins ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Glycolysis ; Islets of Langerhans/cytology/*physiology ; Kinetics ; NAD/metabolism ; NADP/metabolism ; Rats ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):985-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/112680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocortical Hyperfunction/physiopathology ; Animals ; Behavior/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Brain/*growth & development ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Male ; Preoptic Area/growth & development ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Sex Differentiation ; Testosterone/metabolism
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 24;205(4408):774-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/379998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; France ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Mice ; Psychotropic Drugs/*history/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Schizophrenia/drug therapy ; United States
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-10-26
    Description: When placed in a tank of water, aged rats (24 to 27 months old) showed marked impairments in swimming. Compared with young adult rats (3 to 4 months old), the older animals moved their limbs less vigorously and were less successful in keeping their heads above water. The young, but not old, rats maintained a position nearly horizontal to the water surface and planed across it. These movement dysfunctions of aged rats resemble those seen in young adult animals that have sustained injury to brain dopamine-containing neurons. The swimming impairments of the aged rats were reversed by the dopamine receptor stimulant apomorphine and by the biosynthetic precursor of dopamine, L-dopa. Thus, age-related alterations in brain dopaminergic systems may be responsible for some of the movement disturbances associated with senescence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, J F -- Berrios, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 26;206(4417):477-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/504992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Apomorphine/therapeutic use ; Levodopa/therapeutic use ; Male ; Movement Disorders/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/*physiology ; Swimming ; Time Factors
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 1979-05-11
    Description: In rats, a single injection of clomiphene citrate (Clomid) during pregnancy causes multiple abnormalities of the reproductive tract in the offspring and mothers. These abnormalities probably result from the ability of Clomid to cause long-term estrogenic stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCormack, S -- Clark, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 11;204(4393):629-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432668" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/*pathology ; Animals ; Clomiphene/*toxicity ; Fallopian Tubes/pathology ; Female ; Metaplasia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Rats ; Uterine Diseases/chemically induced/pathology ; Vaginal Diseases/chemically induced
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Macklin, A W -- Welch, R M -- Cuatrecasas, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 13;205(4402):144, 146, 148.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451584" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogens ; Liver Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; Phenacetin/*adverse effects/standards ; Rats
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-06-08
    Description: Rats were exposed to sodium nitrite in food or water at concentrations of 0, 250, 1000, and 2000 parts per million. Lymphoma was increased in all groups fed nitrite; the overall combined incidence was 5.4 percent in 573 control rats and 10.2 percent in 1383 treated rats. The mechanism of cancer induction did not appear to be through the formation of nitrosamines but through a more direct effect of nitrite on the lymphocyte.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newberne, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 8;204(4397):1079-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Lymphocytes/drug effects ; Lymphoma/*chemically induced ; Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; *Nitrites/pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-10
    Description: A competitive inhibitor of colchicine binding to tubulin has been found in rat brain. Most of the inhibitor is associated with microsomes but some inhibitor, with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 250,000, is found in the cytosol. Both the microsomal and cytosol inhibitors are heat- and trypsin-sensitive, indicating that a protein moiety is required for activity. The microsomes bind tubulin directly; the microsomal and cytosol fractions both inhibit microtubule assembly in vitro. The inhibitor may function in the living cell to bind and sequester non-polymerized tubulin. Regulation of tubulin attachment to microsomes could then control the concentration of cytosolic tubulin available for microtubule assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sherline, P -- Schiavone, K -- Brocato, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 10;205(4406):593-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Colchicine/*metabolism ; Cytosol/physiology ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Microsomes/metabolism ; Microtubules/ultrastructure ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*physiology ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Rats ; Tubulin/*metabolism
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: Rats were trained to discriminate drug from no-drug conditions in a two-lever operant task. Moderately high dosages were used initially. Whenever the discrimination was learned, training was continued with progressively reduced dosages. Eventually the rats discriminated extremely low doses of phenobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, cyclazocine, and fentanyl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Overton, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):720-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/462182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chlordiazepoxide/pharmacology ; Cyclazocine/pharmacology ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fentanyl/pharmacology ; *Pharmacology ; Phenobarbital/pharmacology ; Rats ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide/pharmacology
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 1979-06-29
    Description: The concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D], calcium, and phosphorus were measured in the serum of rats during pregnancy and at various stages of lactation. The concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D hormone increased almost two-fold during pregnancy and the latter part of lactation, but decreased to control levels or very low values immediately after birth and weaning, respectively. Furthermore, the concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D was inversely correlated with the concentration of calcium, suggesting that circulating 1,25-(OH)2D fluctuates in concert with calcium demands during the reproductive cycle. Parathyroidectomy in lactating rats caused a 70 percent inhibition of the normally observed 1,25-(OH)2D increase, indicating that parathyroid hormone, in response to changes in serum calcium, is a primary modulator of 1,25-(OH)2D during lactation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pike, J W -- Parker, J B -- Haussler, M R -- Boass, A -- Toverud, S V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 29;204(4400):1427-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/blood ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; Female ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; *Lactation ; Parathyroid Glands/physiology ; Parathyroid Hormone/physiology ; Phosphorus/blood ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Rats
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 1979-12-07
    Description: After mature rats that had been fed on a vitamin D3-deficient diet were injected with tritium-labeled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, radioactivity became concentrated in nuclei of luminal and cryptal epithelium of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon; in nuclei of the epithelium of kidney distal tubules including the macula densa, and in podocytes of glomeruli; in nuclei of the epidermis including outer hairshafts and sebaceous glands; and in nuclei of certain cells of the stomach, anterior and posterior pituitary, and parathyroid. These results reveal cell types that contain receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or metabolites of this compound both in known or hypothesized target tissues and in tissues that were previously unknown to participate in vitamin D3 metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stumpf, W E -- Sar, M -- Reid, F A -- Tanaka, Y -- DeLuca, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 7;206(4423):1188-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/505004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Digestive System/*metabolism ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/*metabolism ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/*metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Male ; Parathyroid Glands/*metabolism ; Pituitary Gland/*metabolism ; Rats ; Skin/*metabolism ; Stomach/metabolism
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 1979-03-30
    Description: In the presence of low-intensity pulsed microwave radiation, at an average power density of 1 milliwatt per square centimeter, the response-rate-increasing effects of chlordiazepoxide were potentiated in rats. The behavioral effects of a drug can be modified by brief exposure to a low-level microwave field even when the radiation level alone has no apparent effects on the behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, J R -- Burch, L S -- Yeandle, S S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 30;203(4387):1357-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*radiation effects ; Chlordiazepoxide/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Male ; *Microwaves ; Rats
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-03-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warner, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 23;203(4386):1194-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Ketones/*toxicity ; Nickel/*toxicity ; Occupational Medicine ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; *Teratogens
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 1979-09-21
    Description: The decrease in resting oxygen consumption induced by starvation was found to occur not only in euthyroid rats but also in hypothyroid and even in hypothyroid animals treated with triiodothyronine. Furthermore, the effectiveness of triiodothyronine was decreased when given to hypothyroid animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wimpfheimer, C -- Saville, E -- Voirol, M J -- Danforth, E Jr -- Burger, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 21;205(4412):1272-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/224460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Hypothyroidism/metabolism ; Male ; Oxygen Consumption/*drug effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects ; Starvation/*metabolism ; Triiodothyronine/*pharmacology
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-04-27
    Description: The body distribution of gavaged or intravenously administered nitrate labeled with nitrogen-13 was studied in humans and rats with the following results: (i) the labeled compound is not quickly absorbed from the stomach; (ii) the concentration of the label increases inside the lower intestinal tract (cercum and large intestine) when ingested or intravenously injected; and (iii) humans and rats have the capacity to store a portion of the label in their bodies. These observation indicate that depletion of body stores, the passage of nitrate down the gut, or the secretion of nitrate into the intestinal lumen may be a better explanation of the urinary, ileal, and fecal concentrations of nitrate and nitrite recently measured in humans that a bacterial nitrification reaction in the intestines, as suggested by Tannenbbaum et al.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witter, J P -- Gatley, S J -- Balish, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 27;204(4391):411-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/441728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gastric Mucosa/metabolism ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines/metabolism ; Nitrates/blood/*metabolism ; Nitrites/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Radioisotopes ; Rats ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wedeen, R P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):725-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/462185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drinking Behavior/*drug effects ; Lead Poisoning/*physiopathology ; Lithium/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Water-Electrolyte Balance/drug effects
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: Platelet lysates obtained from blood of humans, dogs, and rats catalyzed the transamination of 4-aminobutyrate with 2-oxoglutarate as cosubstrate. Human platelet 4-aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (36.5 +/- 3.2 picomoles per minute per milligram of platelet protein) resembled the brain enzyme in kinetic properties and in response to cofactors and inhibitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, H L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):696-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/462176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase/*blood ; Animals ; Blood Platelets/*enzymology ; Brain/enzymology ; Dogs ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Pyridoxal Phosphate/pharmacology ; Rats ; Substrate Specificity ; Transaminases/*blood ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/blood
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 1979-10-26
    Description: A single intrathecal injection of capsaicin depletes substance P from primary sensory neurons and causes a prolonged increase in the thermal and chemical pain thresholds of the rat but no apparent change in responses to noxious mechanical stimuli.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yaksh, T L -- Farb, D H -- Leeman, S E -- Jessell, T M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 26;206(4417):481-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/228392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Capsaicin/*pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/*pharmacology ; Hot Temperature ; Injections, Spinal ; Movement/drug effects ; Nociceptors/drug effects ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/*metabolism ; Substance P/administration & dosage/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-07-20
    Description: Male rats consumed a diet containing 0, 12, or 48 percent sucrose on days 16 to 30 of life. Thereafter, they had simultaneous access to all three diets until day 63. No relationship was detected between sucrose consumption early in life and subsequent preference for sucrose. The onset of puberty was associated with a decreased appetite for sucrose among animals of both sexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wurtman, J J -- Wurtman, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 20;205(4403):321-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Dietary Carbohydrates ; Food Preferences/*drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Saccharin ; Sexual Maturation ; Sucrose/*pharmacology ; Taste
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  • 72
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-03-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, S N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 2;203(4383):834.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/419407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; Brain Chemistry/*drug effects ; Choline/pharmacology ; Rats ; Tryptophan/*pharmacology
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 1979-01-26
    Description: Environmental lighting regulates numerous circadian rhythms, including the cycle in pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity. Brief exposure of rats to light can shift the phase of this enzyme's circadian rhythm. Light also rapidly reduces nocturnal enzyme activity. Intraventricular injections of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, can mimic both of these effects. Light and carbachol presumably act on the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using a neuropharmacologic approach to the mechanisms underlying mammalian circadian rhythms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zatz, M -- Brownstein, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 26;203(4378):358-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Clocks/drug effects ; Carbachol/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Circadian Rhythm/*drug effects/radiation effects ; Injections, Intraventricular ; *Light ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents/pharmacology ; Pineal Gland/enzymology/*physiology ; Rats ; Serotonin
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Feb 16;203(4381):602-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/760207" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carcinogens/administration & dosage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Mice ; Mutagens ; Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; Rats ; Vinyl Chloride/*toxicity ; Vinyl Compounds/*toxicity
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 1979-12-21
    Description: The subthalamic nucleus, a clinically important component of the extrapyramidal motor system, and a lateral area extending into the peduncle contain catecholamine terminals and dopamine receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase. In addition, dopamine agonists administered in vivo enhance glucose utilization in the region. Thus, neuronal function in this region is directly affected by dopamine and dopaminergic drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, L L -- Markman, M H -- Wolfson, L I -- Dvorkin, B -- Warner, C -- Katzman, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 21;206(4425):1416-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/505015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Catecholamines/pharmacology ; Dopamine/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Extrapyramidal Tracts/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Glucose/metabolism ; Male ; Mesencephalon/*metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/*metabolism
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-07-20
    Description: The opiate antagonist naloxone has been used to treat shock following acute blood loss in conscious rats. Naloxone treatment rapidly increased mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure in this new shock model. More importantly, these blood pressure changes were sustained and survival was significantly increased with maloxone as compared with placebo treatment. From these findings, it may be inferred that endorphins may play a role in the pathophysiology of hypovolemic shock. It is suggested that narcotic antagonists may prove to be of therapeutic value in the treatment of shock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faden, A I -- Holaday, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 20;205(4403):317-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Hypotension/drug therapy ; Male ; Naloxone/*therapeutic use ; Rats ; Shock/*drug therapy/physiopathology
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-05-11
    Description: By using 4.45-angstrom radiation generated by Cl+15 ions in a laser plasma and nanosecond exposures, low-angle x-ray diffraction patterns were obtained from dried rat spinal nerves and a powder of cholesterol. Three to four 400-picosecond, 45-joule pulses were required for the exposure. This new technique should have wide application in structural kinetic studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frankel, R D -- Forsyth, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 11;204(4393):622-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/432665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cholesterol ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Lasers ; Neurons/*ultrastructure ; Rats ; Time Factors ; X-Ray Diffraction/*methods
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-11-16
    Description: Subcutaneous and intracerebral injections of calcitonin inhibited feeding in rats. The anorectic activity of calcitonin was destroyed by exposing the hormone to heat, trypsin, or hydrogen peroxide. Calcitonin did not produce a conditioned taste aversion to saccharin, and maximum inhibition of feeding occurred 4.5 to 8.3 hours after subcutaneous administration. It is concluded that calcitonin inhibits feeding by acting directly on the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freed, W J -- Perlow, M J -- Wyatt, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 16;206(4420):850-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/drug effects ; Calcitonin/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Depression, Chemical ; Diuresis/drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Feeding Behavior/*drug effects ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Rats
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  • 79
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-10-12
    Description: Exposure of the head to pulse-modulated microwaves induces the perception of a sound. It has been hypothesized that the electromagnetic energy is converted to acoustic energy in the skull and then conducted through the bone. Dynamic time-averaged interferometric holography showed that the predicted motion of head tissue did not occur. An alternative locus for this hearing effect is suggested.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frey, A H -- Coren, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 12;206(4415):232-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/482939" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Bone and Bones/radiation effects ; Cochlea/physiology/radiation effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Hearing/*physiology ; Holography ; Humans ; *Microwaves ; Models, Biological ; Motion ; Rats ; Vibration
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-10-05
    Description: Shark mitochondrial respiration was studied in media with osmolalities between 160 and 1500 milliosmoles. The respiratory control ratio, a marker for functional integrity of the isolated mitochondria, was maximal at 1000 millismoles and decreased during hypotonic or hypertonic exposure. Shark mitochondria function best at their native tonicity, a value that produces abnormal function in mammalian mitochondria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewiston, N -- Newman, A -- Robin, E -- Holtzman, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 5;206(4414):75-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/482928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Mitochondria, Heart/*metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism ; *Osmolar Concentration ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Rats ; Sharks/*metabolism ; Species Specificity
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 1979-12-21
    Description: Injections of rabbit antiserum to rat lymphocytes reversed hyperglycemia in 36 percent of spontaneously diabetic rats (Bio Breeding/Worcester) and prevented diabetes in susceptible nondiabetic controls. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that cell-mediated autoimmunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in this animal model that mimics many morpholigic and physiologic characteristics of human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Like, A A -- Rossini, A A -- Guberski, D L -- Appel, M C -- Williams, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 21;206(4425):1421-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/388619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antilymphocyte Serum/*therapeutic use ; *Autoimmune Diseases ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*immunology/prevention & control/therapy ; Immunosuppression ; Islets of Langerhans/immunology ; Isoantibodies ; Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Rats
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-08-17
    Description: In the normal newborn rat the retinotectal pathway from each eye distributes across the whole area of both the ipsilateral and contralateral superior colliculus. Most of the ipsilateral projection retracts during the first ten postnatal days to produce the normal adult pattern, but retraction fails to occur if one eye is removed at birth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Land, P W -- Lund, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Aug 17;205(4407):698-700.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/462177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Albinism/physiopathology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/growth & development ; Functional Laterality ; Optic Chiasm/growth & development ; Rats ; Retina/*growth & development ; Superior Colliculi/cytology/*growth & development ; Visual Pathways/*growth & development
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-06-22
    Description: The specificity of the neurotoxic agent, kainic acid, for destroying cell bodies while sparing terminals and fibers of passage was examined by infusing this agent into the axons of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle and measuring the degree of depletion of noradrenaline concentrations and the reduction in noradrenaline uptake in cortex and hippocampus. Extensive neuronal loss and gliosis were observed around the injection site. In addition, a significant and consistent 25 percent depletion of hippocampal-cortical noradrenaline was also obtained. The results suggest that although kainic acid has its greatest destructive action on neuronal perikarya, a significant amount of damage to axons of passage may also occur.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mason, S T -- Fibiger, H C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 22;204(4399):1339-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic Fibers/*drug effects ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain Stem/cytology/drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Hippocampus/drug effects ; Hydroxydopamines/pharmacology ; Kainic Acid/*pharmacology ; Locus Coeruleus/drug effects ; Male ; Neurons/*drug effects/ultrastructure ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Pyrrolidines/*pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-09-07
    Description: The subfornical organ, a circumventricular structure of the central nervous system, has efferent neural projections to sites within the brain known to be involved in drinking behavior and secretion of antidiuretic hormone. By using anterograde tracing techniques, it is shown that the subfornical organ projects to the nucleus medians of the medial preoptic area, to the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, and to the supraoptic nuclei bilaterally. Its efferent connectivity is confirmed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. The organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, another circumventricular organ and a suspected receptor site for angiotensin II, is involved in the circuitry of the subfornical organ and also has an efferent projection to the supraoptic nuclei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miselis, R R -- Shapiro, R E -- Hand, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 7;205(4410):1022-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology ; Cerebral Ventricles/*cytology ; Drinking Behavior/physiology ; Efferent Pathways/physiology ; Male ; Neurosecretory Systems/*physiology ; Preoptic Area/cytology ; Rats ; Subfornical Organ/cytology/*physiology ; Supraoptic Nucleus/cytology ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 1979-07-20
    Description: The trajectory of the intracortical noradrenergic fibers has been characterized by histochemical analysis following the production of cortical lesions in the rate. A large group of noradrenergic fibers enters the cortex at the frontal pole and proceeds caudally through the deep layers of dorsolateral cortex. Branches arise from these longitudinally directed fibers and form a uniform pattern of innervation throughout lateral cortex. Because these fibers travel long distances rostrocaudally within the gray matter, a large area of cortex can be deprived of noradrenergic innervation by a relatively small lesion of frontal cortex. The medial and lateral cortex can be selectively and differentially denervated of noradrenergic fibers, and there is a medial to lateral topographic relationship between deep longitudinally running fibers and overlying cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrison, J H -- Molliver, M E -- Grzanna, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 20;205(4403):313-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Nerve Fibers/*ultrastructure ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Pia Mater/physiology ; Rats
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 1979-10-12
    Description: Pancreatic islets contain calmodulin. The protein binds to a particulate fraction derived from the islets and stimulates adenylate cyclase activity in this subcellular fraction, both phenomena being activated by ionized calcium. A calcium-dependent stimulation of adenylate cyclase by endogenous calmodulin may contribute to the accumulation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate evoked by insulin releasing agents in the islet cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valverde, I -- Vandermeers, A -- Anjaneyulu, R -- Malaisse, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 12;206(4415):225-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/225798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/*metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/*physiology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Calmodulin/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Egtazic Acid/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Glucose/pharmacology ; Insulin/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*enzymology ; Kinetics ; Rats
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 1979-05-25
    Description: Red fluorescent Evans blue and blue fluorescent DAPI-primuline were injected into the anterior-medial and lateral-caudal forebrains, respectively, of the same rats. Separate clusters of cells labeled by retrograde transport were observed in the substantia nigra, while in the dorsal raphe many cells were double-labeled. Thus, single raphe cells send divergent axon collaterals to widespread forebrain areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van der Kooy, D -- Kuypers, H G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 25;204(4395):873-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/441742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Brain Stem/*cytology ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Neural Pathways/cytology ; Raphe Nuclei/*cytology ; Rats ; Substantia Nigra/*cytology
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 1979-07-27
    Description: The atypical excitation by opiates and opioid peptides of hippocampal pyramidal cells can be antagonized by iontophoresis of naloxone, the gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonists bicuculline, or magnesium ion. The recurrent inhibition of these cells evoked by transcallosal stimulation of the contralateral hippocampus is blocked by enkephalin but only shortened by acetylcholine. The results suggest that the opioids excite pyramidal neurons indirectly by inhibition of neighboring inhibitory interneurons (probably containing gamma-aminobutyric acid). This mechanism may be pertinent to the electrographic signs of addictive drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zieglgansberger, W -- French, E D -- Siggins, G R -- Bloom, F E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 27;205(4404):415-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; Enkephalins/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 1979-11-02
    Description: Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of specific immunoglobulin G antibody to HRP is selectively absorbed from the gut lumen and transferred by intestinal epithelial cells to the lamina propria in newborn rats. The HRP is not transferred in detectable amounts in the absence of the antibody. Transport of maternally derived antigen via antigen-antibody complexes may have important influences on the developing immune system in young mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abrahamson, D R -- Powers, A -- Rodewald, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 2;206(4418):567-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493961" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/*immunology ; *Antigen-Antibody Complex ; *Antigens ; Biological Transport, Active ; Female ; Horseradish Peroxidase/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Jejunum/*immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Rats
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 1979-12-14
    Description: Three-dimensional reconstructions of islets of Langerhans, based on immunofluorescent staining of successive serial sections with antiserums to insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide reveal a marked difference in the number of cells containing glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide depending on the anatomical location of the islet in the pancreas. The two types of islets are situated in regions of exocrine tissue that are drained by different excretory ducts. This demonstration contradicts the assumption that all islets in the pancreas are similar in their endocrine cell content.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baetens, D -- Malaisse-Lagae, F -- Perrelet, A -- Orci, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Dec 14;206(4424):1323-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/390711" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catheterization ; Glucagon/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Islets of Langerhans/*anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Pancreatic Polypeptide/metabolism ; Rats ; Somatostatin/metabolism
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-11-02
    Description: Exposure to ethanol retards growth and differentiation in cultured rat embryos during organogenesis. The development of untreated embryos is indistinguishable from growth in utero. These data suggest that the hypoplastic features of children born to chronically alcoholic mothers are due, at least in part, to a direct action of ethanol, which causes reduced embryonic cellular proliferation early in gestation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, N A -- Goulding, E H -- Fabro, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 2;206(4418):573-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/573922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Ectogenesis/*drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian/*drug effects ; Ethanol/*toxicity ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation/chemically induced ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; *Teratogens
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 1979-09-28
    Description: Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) receptor protein of 56,000 daltons increases markedly in mammary tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) after incubation of tumor slices with cyclic AMP, benzamide, and arginine. Incubation of cytosol from these tumor slices with nuclei from unincubated tumors results in nuclear uptake of the 56,000-dalton cyclic AMP receptor and in phosphorylation of the 76,000-dalton nuclear protein. Binding of the 56,000-dalton receptor and phosphorylation of the 76,000-dalton protein also occur in DMBA tumor nuclei when protein kinase type II of bovine heart is used. The results suggest that cyclic AMP receptor is involved in the nuclear events of a hormone-dependent mammary tumor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho-Chung, Y S -- Archibald, D -- Clair, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Sep 28;205(4413):1390-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/224463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell-Free System ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Cyclic AMP/*metabolism
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-07-20
    Description: Rats given continuous access to etonitazene hydrochloride in their drinking water (5 micrograms per milliliter) more than doubled their drug intake while deprived of food. Another group of rats with implanted jugular catheters self-administered etonitazene (10 micrograms per kilogram) intravenously on a continuous reinforcement schedule, and the number of infusions increased significantly on days when they were deprived of food. These results suggest that feeding condition may be a powerful determinant of drug-reinforced behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carroll, M E -- France, C P -- Meisch, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 20;205(4403):319-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles/*administration & dosage ; Drinking Behavior ; *Food Deprivation ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Rats ; Self Administration ; Stereotyped Behavior/physiology
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-07-13
    Description: Three-day-old rats that were separated from their mothers and deprived of food were found to be capable of feeding either from small puddles of milk or when milk was infused into the front of their mouths. Such feeding was accompanied by a dramatic increase in behavioral activity and only occurred in a warm environment. These data demonstrate that neural systems for ingestive behavior are present at birth and suggest the existence of feeding-related arousal or motivational systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 13;205(4402):206-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/*physiology ; Food Deprivation ; Movement ; Rats ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-11-30
    Description: Female rats subjected to prenatal stress later experienced fewer conceptions, more spontaneous abortions and vaginal hemorrhaging, longer pregnancies, and fewer viable young than nonstressed rats. The offspring of the prenatally stressed rats were lighter in weight and less likely to survive the neonatal period. Prenatal stress may influence the balance of adrenal and gonadal hormones during a critical stage of fetal hypothalamic differentiation, thereby producing a variety of reproductive dysfunctions in adulthood.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herrenkohl, L R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 30;206(4422):1097-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/573923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disorders of Sex Development/etiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/*etiology ; Lighting ; Litter Size ; Maternal Behavior ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Reproduction ; Stress, Psychological/*complications
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 1979-04-20
    Description: Norepinephrine increases the concentration of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in an incubated suspension of brain microvessels. This response can be matched by other drugs that stimulate the beta receptors, but the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine is without effect; beta-adrenergic blockade abolishes the response while alpha-adrenergic blockade produces no change. The data support the contention that cerebral capillary function is subject to adrenergic neural control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herbst, T J -- Raichle, M E -- Ferrendelli, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Apr 20;204(4390):330-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Agonists/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Capillaries/innervation/*metabolism ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Sympatholytics/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-05-25
    Description: The absolute refractory period of neurons projecting from the corticomedial amygdala to the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic junction in rats was significantly increased by castration (from 1.01 to 1.61 milliseconds) and decreased again by testosterone (from 1.48 to 0.97 millisecond). Corticomedial amygdala neurons which projected to the capsule of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus were unaffected. These results demonstrate a specific, direct neuronal effect of testosterone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kendrick, K M -- Drewett, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 May 25;204(4395):877-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/220709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Amygdala/drug effects ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Castration ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Hypothalamus, Anterior/drug effects ; Male ; Preoptic Area/drug effects ; Rats ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Testosterone/*pharmacology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-11-30
    Description: Results from experiments with rats support the proposition that tolerance to the hypothermic effect of alcohol involves the Pavlovian conditioning of compensatory responses. Tolerance was substantially reduced when alcohol was administered in an environment that had not been associated with alcohol. Direct evidence of a conditioned hyperthermic compensatory response was found.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Le, A D -- Poulos, C X -- Cappell, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 30;206(4422):1109-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects ; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology ; Drug Tolerance ; Environment ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Hypothermia/chemically induced ; Male ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-10-05
    Description: A simple program of handling and care of pregnant rats before delivery makes it possible to carry out surgical procedures on newborn pups without resultant cannibalism or rejection of the operated animals by their mothers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Libbin, R M -- Person, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Oct 5;206(4414):66.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/482926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Laboratory/*physiology ; Animals, Newborn/*physiology ; *Behavior, Animal ; Handling (Psychology) ; *Maternal Behavior ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979-07-27
    Description: Erythrosin B is a member of a class of fluorescein dyes that are suggested to elicit hyperkinesis when ingested by susceptible children. We found that erythrosin B inhibits dopamine uptake in rat caudate synaptosomes "uncompetitively" in the 10- to 800-micromolar range. Half maximal inhibition of uptake occurred at 45 micromolar. Uncompetitive inhibition denotes a decrease in efficacy of the dopamine membrane transport mechanism with an increase in affinity of dopamine to the carrier. Erythrosin B also decreased nonsaturable binding of dopamine to the synaptosome membrane. The inhibitory action of erythrosin B on dopamine uptake is consistent with the hypothesis that erythrosin B can act as a central excitatory agent able to induce hyperkinetic behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lafferman, J A -- Silbergeld, E K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 27;205(4404):410-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Caudate Nucleus/drug effects/*metabolism ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Erythrosine/*pharmacology ; Fluoresceins/*pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Rats ; Synaptosomes/drug effects/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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