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  • 1
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    Lubricin prevents chondrocyte apoptosis [Applied Biological Sciences] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-10
    Description: Osteoarthritis is a complex disease involving the mechanical breakdown of articular cartilage in the presence of altered joint mechanics and chondrocyte death, but the connection between these factors is not well established. Lubricin, a mucinous glycoprotein encoded by the PRG4 gene, provides boundary lubrication in articular joints. Joint friction is...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Specular stereopsis [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-06
    Description: Binocular stereopsis is a powerful visual depth cue. To exploit it, the brain matches features from the two eyes’ views and measures their interocular disparity. This works well for matte surfaces because disparities indicate true surface locations. However, specular (glossy) surfaces are problematic because highlights and reflections are displaced from...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Stochastic life history modelling for managing regional-scale freshwater fisheries: an experimental study of brook trout (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-25
    Description: Environmental heterogeneity can combine with evolutionary responses to create very dynamic and often locally independent populations across a landscape. Such complexity creates difficulties for managers trying to conserve populations across large areas. This study develops, applies, and tests the use of stochastic life history modelling and Monte Carlo simulation to assess management scenarios related to the realities of regional fisheries management and conservation. We apply this approach to the management of recreational brook trout fishing; an activity that can severely impact species balance, abundance, and the size structure of fish communities. Specifically, the model incorporates population-specific life history information (e.g., growth rate, reproductive effort, and survival) to allow forecasts of the impact of various management strategies and / or changes to environmental conditions on a population's ecological characteristics (e.g. size structure, abundance and probability of persistence). Sampling was carried out in 16 water bodies spread across four sites in Atlantic Canada. Each water body was sampled in 2005 and reassessed in 2008. This sampling had two primary objectives, 1) define a significant proportion of life history variation of brook trout in Atlantic Canada, and 2) to test the precision and accuracy of model predictions of population responses to experimental exploitation and management changes. The model successfully predicted population responses to changes in adult survival in 12 of 13 populations having sufficient data for validation testing, while also proving to be a useful tool when engaging stakeholders regarding management options and their associated risk. We suggest that such models are cost-effective and have great potential for informing proactive management of jurisdictions with numerous and diverse populations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1051-0761
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5582
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 4
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    Activation of interferon-gamma inducing factor mediated by interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-10
    Description: The interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) converting enzyme (ICE) processes the inactive IL-1beta precursor to the proinflammatory cytokine. ICE was also shown to cleave the precursor of interferon-gamma inducing factor (IGIF) at the authentic processing site with high efficiency, thereby activating IGIF and facilitating its export. Lipopolysaccharide-activated ICE-deficient (ICE-/-) Kupffer cells synthesized the IGIF precursor but failed to process it into the active form. Interferon-gamma and IGIF were diminished in the sera of ICE-/- mice exposed to Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide. The lack of multiple proinflammatory cytokines in ICE-/- mice may account for their protection from septic shock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gu, Y -- Kuida, K -- Tsutsui, H -- Ku, G -- Hsiao, K -- Fleming, M A -- Hayashi, N -- Higashino, K -- Okamura, H -- Nakanishi, K -- Kurimoto, M -- Tanimoto, T -- Flavell, R A -- Sato, V -- Harding, M W -- Livingston, D J -- Su, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 10;275(5297):206-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 130 Waverly Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8999548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; COS Cells ; Caspase 1 ; Caspase 3 ; *Caspases ; Caspases, Initiator ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Cytokines/blood/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/blood ; Interleukin-18 ; Kupffer Cells/*metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Mice ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Spleen/cytology/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Comment on "rapid evolution of egg size in captive Salmon" (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fleming, Ian A -- Einum, Sigurd -- Jonsson, Bror -- Jonsson, Nina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):59; discussion 59.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR 97365, USA. ian.fleming@oregonstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Breeding ; British Columbia ; Environment ; *Fisheries ; Ovum/*physiology ; Salmon/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Embryonic folate metabolism and mouse neural tube defects (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-06-26
    Description: Folic acid prevents 70 percent of human neural tube defects (NTDs) but its mode of action is unclear. The deoxyuridine suppression test detects disturbance of folate metabolism in homozygous splotch (Pax3) mouse embryos that are developing NTDs in vitro. Excessive incorporation of [3H]thymidine in splotch embryos indicates a metabolic deficiency in the supply of folate for the biosynthesis of pyrimidine. Exogenous folic acid and thymidine both correct the biosynthetic defect and prevent some NTDs in splotch homozygotes, whereas methionine has an exacerbating effect. These data support a direct normalization of neurulation by folic acid in humans and suggest a metabolic basis for folate action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fleming, A -- Copp, A J -- HD 28882/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2107-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neural Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9641914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Central Nervous System/embryology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Deoxyuracil Nucleotides/metabolism/pharmacology ; Embryo, Mammalian/*metabolism ; Female ; Folic Acid/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Methionine/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Mutation ; Neural Tube Defects/embryology/*etiology/*prevention & control ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; Pyrimidines/biosynthesis ; Tetrahydrofolates/metabolism ; Thymidine/metabolism/pharmacology ; Thymidine Monophosphate/metabolism ; *Transcription Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Socio-economics: assess benefits and costs of shale energy (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Measham, Thomas G -- Fleming, David A -- England -- Nature. 2014 Jun 26;510(7506):473. doi: 10.1038/510473a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Black Mountain Laboratories, Canberra, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24965641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    [ASAP] Synergistic Multiresidue Substitutions of a Macrocyclic c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe- d Pro] Agouti-Related Protein (AGRP) Scaffold Yield Potent and 〉600-Fold MC4R versus MC3R Selective Melanocortin Receptor Antagonists (2018)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-17
    Description: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00684
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 9
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    Lagged cumulative spruce budworm defoliation affects the risk of fire ignition in Ontario, Canada (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-04
    Description: Detailed understanding of forest disturbance interactions is needed for effective forecasting, modelling, and management. Insect outbreaks are a significant forest disturbance that alters forest structure as well as the distribution and connectivity of combustible fuels at broad spatial scales. The effect of insect outbreaks on fire activity is an important but contentious issue with significant policy consequences. The eastern spruce budworm ( Choristoneura fumiferana ) is a native defoliating insect in eastern North America whose periodic outbreaks create large patches of dead fir and spruce trees. Of particular concern to fire and forest managers is whether these patches represent an increased fire risk, if so, for how long, and how the relationship between defoliation and fire risk varies through space and time. Previous work suggests a temporary increase in flammability in budworm-killed forests, but regional and seasonal variability in these relationships has not been examined. Using an extensive database on historical lightning-caused fire ignitions and spruce budworm defoliation between 1963 and 2000, we assess the relative importance of cumulative defoliation and fire weather on the probability of ignition in Ontario, Canada. We modeled fire ignition using a generalized additive logistic regression model that accounts for temporal autocorrelation in fire weather. We compared two ecoregions in eastern Ontario (Abitibi Plains) and western Ontario (Lake of the Woods) that differ in terms of climate, geomorphology, and forest composition. We found that defoliation has the potential to both increase and decrease the probability of ignition depending on the time scale, ecoregion, and season examined. Most importantly, we found that lagged spruce budworm defoliation (8-10 years) increases the risk of fire ignition whereas recent defoliation (1 year) can decrease the probability of ignition. We also found that historical defoliation has a greater influence on ignition risk during the spring than during the summer fire season. Given predicted increases in forest insect activity due to global change, these results represent important information for fire management agencies that can be used to refine existing models of fire risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1051-0761
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5582
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 10
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    Vomeronasal and olfactory system modulation of maternal behavior in the rat (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-26
    Description: The onset of maternal responsiveness by virgin female rats to foster pups was observed after (i) complete vomeronasal nerve cuts, (ii) partial olfactory bulb cuts, or (iii) the combined procedures. Although both vomeronasal nerve cuts and olfactory bulb cuts resulted in a more rapid onset of maternal care, relative to control animals with sham operations, animals sustaining the loss of both sources of olfactory input exhibited the shortest response latency. These findings are discussed in terms of the probable distinct functions of the two olfactory systems in the control of maternal behavior in the rat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fleming, A -- Vaccarino, F -- Tambosso, L -- Chee, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 26;203(4378):372-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/760196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways ; Animals ; Central Nervous System/*physiology ; Female ; *Maternal Behavior ; Olfactory Bulb/physiology ; Olfactory Pathways/*physiology ; Rats ; Smell/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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