ALBERT

Description: In this study، effects of slow and quick freezing، different packaging methods on quality of red and black tilapia and consumer acceptability of tilapia were investigatied. For preparation the samples for inveatigation the effects of slow and quick freezing methods on quality of tilapia، fresh tilapia fillets were frozen by slow and quick frozen methods. Slow frozen samples were prepared by storing the packed fillets directly in the -18 C°. The sprila freezing tunle with -30C° was also used for preparation the quick frozen sample. The quick frozen samples were then stored at -18C for six months. Proximate composition، fatty acid profiles، TBA، PV، TVN، Total cuont، Drip loss، and sensory evaluation of the samples were determined in every month. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used for study on the effects of the frozen condition on the microstructure of the fillets. Results indicated that two different frozen methods had significantly different effects on the quality of the samples. Most of the proximate composition (protein، moistre and fat) reduced during the storage. Quick frozen samples had significantly (P〈0.05) lower reduction than slow frozen samples. All of the chemical quality indexes (PV، TBA، and TVN) increased during the storage as compered to the fresh samples. In these paramethers، the slow freezing had higher changes than quick freezing metods (P〈0.05). The microbial properties of the samples showed decrese during the storage. Lower amont of total cuont was observed at the end of the storage time in the quick frozen samples than slow frozen once (P〈0.05). The large changes in the fatty acid profiles of the sample were fond in all samples. During the storage SFA and MUF of the samples increased however، the PUFA decresed. A lower change was obseved in the quick frozen samples than slow frozen samples (P〈0.05). Drip loss was increased in both frozen samples during the storage period. The percentage of the drip in the slow frozen samples was significantly higer than quick frozen samples (P〈0.05). SEM micrographs were also showed that the chnges in the microstructur of the samples was different in the slow and frozen samples. Slow freezing methods had higher damge in the microstructure of the sample then quick freezing mathods. Sensory evaluation of the samples indicated that a better acceptability in the quick frozen samples than slow frozen sample (P〈0.05). For study the effect of some different methods of packaging fresh fillets were packed Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) (40% CO2، 5% O2 and 55% N2) Vacuum Packaging and normal and stored in the refrigerator's. The packaged samples in these methods were examined for 10 days with regard to the changes in chemical (TVN، PV، pH)، microbial (total viable count) and organoleptic agents. The results indicated that the samples packed in MAP conditions had higher quality than that of the other methods at the end of the storing period. In addition، the slower destructive impacts and microbial growth was observed in MAP. According to the obtained results، we can suggest that the packaging of tilapia under MAP conditions resulted in the increase in the durability، storing، and distribution period of fillets. Consumer acceptability of tilapia was also investigated in this research. For this research، 300 farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 Red tilapia (Oreochromi. niloticus × Tilapia mosambicus) were collected from the salt water fish research station located in Bafgh Yazd. The fish were transported to the National Fish Processing Research Center by using CSW method. Two methods were used for the study. First method was based on the sensory evaluation. In this method the fish fillets were cooked with Tuster and then the cooked sample were tested by 8 trained panelists. The second methods was established by Central Location Test ) CLT) In this method the fish fillet were fried in sun flower oil and tested by 276 consumers of three provinces ( Theran، Gillan and Mazanderan). 9-point scale (1 = very bad، 9 = very good) was applied for investigating the acceptability level of the samples. Evaluation questionnaires of consumers were designed based on the CLT method and after evaluating the reliability and validity of the questionnaires. The proximate compositions of the fillet were also determined. Results showed that the mean acceptance rates of both species of tilapia did not have significant differences in all three provinces. However، comparing the acceptance rates of black fillets in Tehran (7/05)، Guilan (6/24) and Mazandaran (6/56) and red fillets in Tehran (6/91)، Guilan (6/19) and Caspian (6/59) showed significant differences in both samples. Results showed that the tilapia meat had between 1.30 – 1.68% fat، 18.70-19.26 protein، 78-79% moisture and 1.34-1.8 % ash.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Larvae of the chironomid midges (blood worms) are known as use full live food for cultured aquatics. There are endemic blood worms in sediments of the earthponds of Bafgh area at center of Iran. This study tended to identification of two chironomid species, Chironomus aprilinus Meigen, 1830 and Dicrotendipes sudanicus Freeman, 1959 & 1961, from Iran as a new record. Culture of blood worms was successful in glass thanks with 16h. light, at 24-26°C temperature. Eggs were incubated after 14 days. Suitable concentration of harvesting is 1-2 egg masses (1250eggs/m2). Enrichment of earthponds or plastis thanks including sedime is offered for culture of chironomid larvae. Collectors prepared with low cost materials are useful for collection of egg masses. May, June and July are the best time for egg collection. Large blood worms are mainly avalable in winter. Results of body analysis of the larvae indicated high dry matter with good quality.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Use of underground inland water for fisheries aims is improved all over the world. Tilapia is the first candidate for brackish water fish culture and an economic fish based on its biological characteristics. Tilapia was entered to Iran for the first time in November 2008. Bafq area at the center of Iran was licensed by Environment Organization, because of closed underground water resources of the area. Studies showed desired growth and adaptation of Nile tilapia in brackish water earth ponds and fiber glass tanks with high survival and low FCR. Limnological factors were suitable for tilapia culture. All male samples were made using certain doses of methyl testosterone in defined period. Optimum level of protein, fat and energy were determined for the best growth and food performance of cultured tilapia. Environmental program was presented to prevent environmental problems. However, studied shoed tilapia culture had not negative effects in the area. Economical performance of tilapia culture project was desirable. Tilapia was successfully introduced to some private fish farms in June 2011. Tilapia culture may improve in center of Iran after environmental surveys.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Menmiopsis leidyi was entered into Caspian Sea from Black Sea and mass population constitutes in the southern Caspian Sea. In this surveys, the relationship between length and wet weight measured and length and weight followed by this equation: n= 384, R^ 2=0.87 w= 0.003 L^ 9005 . The relationship of dry and wet weight calculated, in this surveys, the ratio of dry weight to wet weight was equal to 1.615% in 12 salinity. In vitro, the clearance rate at 12 and 27 C were 52.48 and 107.33 ml/h, respectively, daily ration at above temperatures were 1.98 and 16.65 respectively. Mnemiopsis leidyi can feed Acartia in accordance to 16.5 mg/1gbw (body weight) at 27 C in one day. The average digestive time in 12 C and 27 C were 77.50 min and 36 min respectively. The digestive value in 27 C was 2.5 fold than 12 C . The result indicated that clearance rate, daily ration and digest were increased in high temperature. Stomach content of Mnemiopsis leidyi was shown that this organism utilized from Acartia and Balanus, in addition, stomach content of kilka including two species of zooplankton from the southern Caspian Sea. Stomach contents of clupeonella cultiventris contain more than 54 percent of Acartia and its nauplii. This frequency observed in cluponella engrauliformis and clupeonella grimmi. On basis of zooplankton sampling in the sea, over 90 percentage of zooplankton populations contain Acartia.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Blackmouth croackers (Atrobucca nibe) resources are the most important commercial stocks in the north-west of Oman Sea, exploited as lantern fisheries by catch with trawlers vessel. At least 50 specimens were sampled monthly from September 2012 to July 2014. Results showed blackmouth croacker have several small peak in gonado-somatic index, but the most frequency of adults occurred in May. The female: male ratio was calculated 1:0.8 and the LM50 was estimated at 35 cm. The mean of absolute and relative fecundity were estimated 92988 and 223 respectively. LM50 and LC50 were calculated and the results showed this species mainly caught before length of maturity, and the mass populations have not sufficient opportunity to reproduction. The mean of egg diameter for black mouth croaker were calculated at 533±103. Linear model of Fecundity= 9597.6TL-233880 was calculated for length-fecundity relationship . Results of feeding showed lantern fishes (65%), shrimps (11%), Japanese threadfin bream (13%) and the other fishes (11%) were the main feeding regime of black mouth croaker. This species was carnivore, the food prefect mainly consisted of lantern fishes (57.7%) and shrimps (28.2%). The vacuity index (87.7 %) indicated this spices was low appetite fish. Total length range was 18 to 47.5 cm with mean length of 28.7 cm, and the class of 23-24 cm was the most frequent length in fishing ground. The length-weight relationships in A. nibe were calculated for female and male W= 0.0121L2.9385 and W= 0.0075L3.0737 respectively, both have isometric growth. Growth parameters of L∞ and K were estimated 50 cm and 0.2 y-1 respectively. Parameters of t0, Tmax and Ǿ were calculated -0.7 year, 14 year and 2.69 respectively. This species have two recruitment period, and the peak of recruitment was occurred in May with 23.14 percent. Total mortality , natural mortality and fishing mortality rates were calculated 0.53 y-1, 0.46 y-1 and 0.07 y-1 respectively. Due to the calculated exploitation rate (0.13), it is appreciated the improvement of black-mouth croaker in the Oman Sea. Base on seasonal and monthly CPUE it was resulted the peak of fishing density were occurred in the winter. Results showed the main distribution of black-mouth croaker concentrated on the continental slope in 200 m depth, but these stocks move to deeper waters ( more than 200m) in warm season and extend to shallow waters (less than 200m) in winter.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This investigation conducted for evaluation Silo (Cylindrical) Fish Tanks as an applicable method for aquaculture of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Current research was designed in two practical phases as accidental experiments through 3 treatments and repeats of which stocked by three Rainbow trout (375 gr) densities as 75, 100 and 125 fish/m3 in 9 silo fish tanks (2 m3). For better understandings of the silo performance method, concrete circular fish tanks (similar volume) considered as controls and stocked as similar fish densities as silo tanks. The duration of the first phase of experiment was 150 days. The second phase of the experiment was determined for evaluating two proposed silo type (Inlet and outlet in bottom side / Inlet from bottom and outlet in upper side). In this stage, proposed silos (stocked by fish of 294 gr weigh) tested for rearing trout for 30 days. Water supplied from two surface wells after some aeration operations. Stocked fish were fed by pellets made by Fish Feed Chineh Company (Ltd) in Iran. Feeding operation conducted according to the recognized manuals by consideration of water temperature, fish weight and biomass. Meanwhile, biometry operation conducted in 10 days intervals while fish were anaesthetized. In addition, water quality was determined by daily measurements. According to the results of the first phase of experiment, there were significant variations on Growth rate, survival rate, FCR, FCE and SGR through the cultured organisms in silo tanks compared to the circular tanks. Meanwhile, according the results of an economic study on this survey, the fish culture in silo tanks showed significant economical and profitable in compare to controls. In additions, the second phase of experiment showed better aeration conditions in silo tanks when inlet water supply from bottom side and outlet located in upper side. Because of the fine distribution of fish in silo tanks and more usage of depth by this method, fish culture would be an applicable and profitable technique in narrow lands and slopes through the mountains area. The maximum stocking rate recorded more than 100 Kg fish/m3 in silo tanks.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In the first chapter, all documents in aquaculture feed, feed formulation, nutritional requirement and basic concepts of aquatic feeding had been collected. The second chapter focused on broodstock feeding in order to improve reproduction effecieny . The third chapter performed to importance of live food specially in sturgeon fishes larvae and the forth chapter attended to biology and ecology of this fishes and finally in the fifth chaper, special nutrition and feeding in sturgeon fish larvae had been brought with all the works out in Iran on. There are 63 documents including papers, thesis and reports from different research library and universities among them 34 base on sturgeon larvae nutrition specially on Huso huso and Persian sturgeon species and almost there are not any documents on the other three species. 14 documents comes from the role of protein, energy and lipid replacements basically in the first growth year, 3 of back to the special nutrition requirement of Persian and Huso huso species and 12 were on digestive enzymes physiology, the role of probiotic and prebiotic on growth and survival rate. Almost there is not any organization in Iran to work on this species specificly and it seems every student and researcher paid attend to a narrow way of high way sturgeon fish researches. There is not any data bank on these important fishes and some repeated worked out by researchers in different parts of the country. Beside of this documents there had been gathered some research documents from the other countires for comparing and showing the correct way in this regards. First, we must focus on broodstock sturgeon feeding, then on egg and yolk analysis, larval stages, morphology, measurement of larval mouth and finding the best live food for different stages of sturgeon larviculture and finnaly on digestive physiology and enzymatic activities. In the stage of shifting from endogenous to exogenous feeding, nutritional requirement, protein digestibility, essential and free amino acids, essential fatty acids spcially PUFA and HUFA, vitamins, minerals, pigments, growth and survival stimulants and resistance to physiological environmental stress are very important to search.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This project was carried out in order to increasing of nutritional value, taste and shelf life of cleaned Kilka Fish during cooled storage. Edible films made by Whey protein and Sodium alginate were used for fish packaging. This search carried out in two stages consisting of pre- study and study. 3, 6, 9 and 12% concentrations of Wp and 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% concentrations of SA at three times including 0, 2 and 4 hours were used in pre-study stage. The covered samples were kept in -18 ֯C. Microbial and sensory examination were carried out for a period of two months. Microbial factors were including total bacterial count, Staphylococcus bacteria count, Coliform, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas bacteria. Sensory tests consist of taste, odor, color and tissue were studied in the fish samples. 12% and 0.5 % concentrations at time = 0 of edible films made by WP and SA considered in study stage. This is can be due to the significant differences in total acceptance index of sensory tests. Control sample cleaned Kilka was packaged in disposable dishes with cellophane covers in 500gr in weight. Two selected timar and mixed cover including 12 % and 0.5 % concentrations at time = 0 of edible films by WP and SA considered in study stage. The covered samples were kept in -18 ֯C. Microbial, chemical and sensory examination were carried out for a period of six months. These factors and chemical factors consisting of humidity, protein, lipid, ash, calorie, Peroxide value, free fatty acids, thiobarbitoric acid, TVN and pH were studied in test samples compared with the control samples. Coliform, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas bacteria contamination were negative until the end of storage period in the covered samples. The mean total bacterial count and Staphylococcus bacteria counts in processed samples by WP were 2.47 and 1.61 logcfu/g, in processed samples by SA were 2.84 and 1.28 logcfu/g, in processed samples by WPSA were 2.51 and 1.44 logcfu/g, and in control samples 4.11 and 2.93 logcfu/g from 1 day until six months after processing, respectively. The mean of moisture, peroxide value, TVN, pH, free fatty acids, thiobarbitouric acid , protein, fat, ash and calorie in the covered samples by WP were 73.91%, 0.13 meq/kgoil, 9.84mg/100g, 6.15, 1.15gr/100, 0/006 mg/kg, 19.00%, 4.25%, 2.1% and 120.73 kcal/kg, in the covered samples by SA were 73.91%, 0.06 meq/kgoil, 9.84mg/100g, 6.15, 1.15gr/100, 0/006 mg/kg, 18.85%, 4.72 %, 1.90 % and 125.98 kcal/kg, in the covered samples by WPSA were 73.91%, 0.06 meq/kgoil, 9.84mg/100g, 6.15, 1.15gr/100, 0/006 mg/kg, 18.50 %, 4. 65 %, 2.25 % and 126.48 kcal/kg and in control samples 59.43%, 3.25 meq/kgoil, 16.22mg/100gr, 6.71, 9.21gr/100, 0/15mg/kg, 18.2%, 4.00%, 1.80% and 107.10 kcal/kg, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed in the results of chemical experiments of the covered samples and presence of the meaningful difference at the results of the chemical experiments of the control sample, The covered samples by WP, SA and WPSA up to the end of storage period at cold-room had a favorite quality but the control samples had lost their. No statistically significant differences were observed in the WP samples compared with the WPSA samples (p〉 0.05). Samples covered by SA had better quality compared with other samples which can be due to the presence of the significant difference in total acceptance index among covered samples without considering of economical worth.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was carried out in continuation of previous studies on artificial reefs monitoring in Khozestan coastal waters. The main purpose was the zoo species composition on and around the artificial reefs. Sampling was done from May 2012 to April 2013, from 4 stations in artificial reefs area. Reef structures were sampled by scuba diving. Physical and chemical parameters were measured and water quality status was determined by using WQS index. Zooplankton and macrozooplankton communities were sampled by 100 and 300 micrometer mesh size nets respectively. Benthic animal's samples from sediments around of the reefs body were collected by Ekman grab. Sediment characters, TOM and grain size were analyzed by using ignition loss and size series sieves methods respectively. Secondary production of macrobenthic animals based on dominant species length classes was estimated. Ichthyological information recorded by diver (census and video recording) and Gargoor traps were used for fishing effort calculation .Except for nitrite parameter (p〈0.05) in different stations and silica parameters (p〈0.05) in different months, other parameters were not shown significant differences in studied stations and months. The mean of zooplankton density was (914±52) N/m3 and the Copepoda species were the most abundant group (235 ±10) N/m3.Anosim analysis showed no significant differences in reefs specie composition. Different Crustacean groups were included more than 82 percent of macrozooplanktons communities. Among macrozooplankons, the mean density of decapoda, branchiopoda and copepoda were 302, 296 and 191.5 N/m3 respectively. The mean density of macrobenthic animals was 418±90.26 N/m2 and mollusk, crustacean and polychaets were the most abundant benthic animals respectively. During the study period, total macrobenthos biomass 11.37 g-wet/m2 and its mean value 2.84 g -wet /m2, were estimated. Annual production for polychaets and crustacean groups 154g-wet/m2 and 182 g-wet/m2 were estimated respectively. Annual production of total macrobenthic animals was about 675 g-wet/m2/y. According to sediment analysis, the range of silt-clay (8.7-95.6)% and seasonal mean TOM (4.47-13.25)% were calculated in studied stations. According to attached organisms biomass (wet weight), Cnidarian Anthozoa class with (88)% was the most abundant and then sponge (10)%, Cnidarian Hydrozoan class and arthropoda each one with 1% were included total attached organisms. Due to high biomass of Anthozoa species the most abundant mean was observed in spring season. The Malacostraca group especially Crustacean (72)% was the main mobile animals on reef bodies and then Echinodermata (Ophiurida and marine Orchids) (18)%, Mollusca (Bivalves and Gastropods) (4)% and Polychaets (3)% were the main mobile organisms. The range of Shannon diversity index was (3.22-3.46) and (2.44-3.38) in studied stations and months respectively.Totaly in studied area, the number 15 fishes species were observed and Sparidae family with 3 species were the diverse fish family.The fish Hamour (Epinephelus coiodes,Seranidae) (87)% was presented in all studied months and stations. After Hamour the Neopomacentrue sindensis and Diplodus sargus Kotschyi were the most abundant fishes. The maximum and the minimum of hamour catch per unit effort were in reef B in spring and reef C in autumn respectively .Data comparing showed that except for nitrite the other physical and chemical parameters were observed in the same range by 2005-2007 study. According to obtained results, Zoo communities in different part of ecosystem showed greater diversity than to past years and in comparing to mudflat coastal waters in Khozestan waters, new ecosystem has been created in the region. High diversity of different animal groups that were disperses in water column in early phases of its life and need to settlement to substrate to continuing the life were observed in area. Attached animals plays an important role in biological and ecological characters in the coastal area.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: For the first time white spot disease (WSD) was reported in shrimp farms of khoozestan province, in southwest of IRAN in 2002. Then in 2005 the neighbor province, boushehr, was contaminated. In 2008 WSD outbreak reported in sistan-bloochestan province in southeast of Iran. In 2015 all of southern shrimp farms of country except Hormozgan, the middle southern province, which has remained free of WSD, are being contaminated. White Spot disease suspended shrimp culture in thousands hectares of shrimp farms. Considering that white spot disease has not been observed in Hormozgan province yet, the question is; to what extent environmental and management factors participated in preventing WSD outbreak or cause WSD outbreak. In this study (20102012), the effects of environmental factors and management, stressors that decrease immune system function of shrimp are discussed. In addition, the role of pathogen as the main factor of outbreak is discussed. The goal of this study is to define environmental parameters and management practices associates with outbreak of white spot disease in affected provinces and discover reasons of being Hormozgan province free of this disease. In this study the role of the local environmental factors and management practice stressors in susceptibility to WSD was determine. Both the effects of environmental factors in water of ponds including total ammonia, nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, transparency, and temperature and management issues related to biosecurity are studied. There were overlaps on physical and chemical parameter values obtained in clear areas with contaminated areas .Results of the data analysis suggest that lack of association with WSD incidence was 7 times greater than WSD incidence despite of disease outbreak in sistan-bloochestan province, so other sources of white spot disease virus incidence was suspected in affected areas. Histopathological examinations and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests during project performance did not reveal white spot disease virus evidences in post larvae examined from khoozestan province stocked in farms but disease outbreak was happened in that farms , so we suspected to management practice include feed , pond preparation and carrier of disease . Recorded values of temperature and salinity in some months during inspection in Hormozgan province specified stressful condition that may lead to WSD outbreak, however the disease did not appear. Therefore the hypothesis that the water physical and chemical conditions are reasons to prevent disease outbreak in Hormozgan province is being rejected. The policy of Hormozgan’s fishery authorities, to replaced Fenneropenaeus indicus with specific pathogen free Litopenaeus vannamei, that is more resistant to some of diseases, before incidence of WSD in farms and to before being endemic in the Hormozgan province, made an advantage compare to affected southern provinces that introduced Litopenaeus vannamei after WSD prevalence to their farms. However it does not guarantee to maintain current trend of being Hormozgan province farms free of white spot disease. Therefore establishing the principals of biosecurity are strongly emphasized. Strategies taken by the proficient authorities in preparation of SPF shrimp broodstock can be the most important factor in preventing WSD. Regarding biosecurity principals purchased feed must be free of shrimp head powder. Construction the new shrimp farms should be as far as it could be away from contaminated areas.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to the physical and chemical factors, planktons identification, determination of Chlorophylla and primary production in lake on study wad conducted, behind the Halilrud dam in Jiroft city. For this purpose 5 station selected and sampling was performed seasonally. Compersion of physical, chemical factors and planktons were done by duncan multiple test range. Studied factors had the suitable value for fish culture. In classes of Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and, Chlorophyceae had the most frequency respectively. Totally 49 phytoplanktons genus were identified which 18, 14,8,5 and 3 genus were related to Chlorophy ceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae and Chrysophyceae, genus respectively. Nitzchia and Navicula in Bacillariophyceae, Chlorococcum, Pediastrum, Staurastrum and Tetradron in Chlorophyceae, Spirulina, Chroococcus, Phormidium in Cyanophyceae and Dinobryon in Chrysophyceae had the most frequency. From Various group of zooplankton, Copepoda, Naplius, Cladocera, Rotifera (Brachinus, Keretella), Trichuridae were identified in winter season and Rotifera was the most of all. Chlorophylla had not significant difference in 9 seasons but it had significan difference in 5 depthes. Increasing in depth causes to decrease chlirophyla. The most chlorophylla was in 0.5m depth (4.7 mg/m3 ) and the least chlorophyllla was in 20m depth(0.82mg/m3) primary production in lake was calculated by chlorophylla equal to 154 kg/ha/year.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The intensive culture of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) evaluated in fiberglass tanks(2*2m) with feeding on pellet during 8 weeks.The fish (n=201)of common carp selected from three treatments along with three replicates as the average of fish weight was less than 100(g )which divided into 〈50(g), 50-70(g) and 70-100(g).At the first experiment , there is no statistically significant difference between fish weight in relative to replicate treatment (P〉0.05).The common pellet food was chosen for feeding from market as fish were fed by the mean of 4% of their body weight a day. The result indicated that the mean of particular growth ratio at first treatment (0.54) has higher than second treatment (0.34) but in comparison with third treatment (0.46), there was no statistically significant difference (P〈0.05).Also, the conversion ratio at first treatment (5.28) and third treatment (6.09) was lower than second treatment (35.66) and third treatment (20.91) was lower than second treatment (24.24), (P〈0.05). This study showed that monoculture in small scale is eassible by utilizing artificial diet, if the water quality is exposed to change. In this survey, the conversion ratio of the fish was relatively high whereas the growth rate was low.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Trace elements incorporated into growing surface of the fish otoliths. It reflects the physical and chemical characteristics of the ambient water. Since otoliths grow continuously without re-absorption throughout the life of the fish, fish population growing up in different elemental composition. Trace element concentration in fish otoliths was analyzed by proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Otoliths were collected from Rutilus rutilus, during 1999-2000 in the eastern part of Caspian Sea. Ca, K, Sri Cu, Zn and Br in the otothis can be detected by using PIXE our results inform K, Sr, Fe, Zn as marker of this study. Therefore, in the two different conditions, separate 'age classes and without separate age classes, Astara and Turkmen regions were discriminated. Comparison of mean age in the different area show, deference of mean age is significant in the Astara and Turkmen.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Taking into consideration culture of beluga (Huso huso) in new condition such as inland brackish water, it is very important to study nutrition requirements and effect of different diets on gonadic and somatic growth as well as physiological condition. In this research 74 beluga (4 years old) cultured in brackish water earth ponds in bafgh fisheries research station, were selected and distributed in 8 circular cement ponds. Feeding was done in 4 formulated diets with fixed protein level and 4 energy levels (400,425,450,475 kcal/100gr). Samples were biopsied in the first and the end of experiment to determine sexuality and stage of maturation. To study gonad tissues, the hematoxylin-eosin method was used. Results indicated that somatic and gonadic growth index was affected by diets. Growth somatic overlapped in both sexes. Sexual maturation stages were not the same in both males and females and transition from stage II in males was more rapid than females. Considering the results in this study, diet treatments influenced on somatic growth in both sexes and gonadic growth in females. It seems to state of somatic and especially gonadic growth in brackish water is suitable. Therefore, inland brackish water environment can be introduced as a suitable environment cultivation of beluga.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The culture of Iranian Shrimps began in Bushehr in 1372. Early the green or the pink tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) which were found in most habitats of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were considered in breeding and reproduction, but due to reproduction difficulties, it was rather replaced by the Monodun imported species, then the production of the white shrimp Metapenaeus affinis and Then P.merguensis in some southern areas of the country such as Hormozgan has began in small scale,but none of these species couldn't meet the economical needs of the consumer society and they were not indelible and dominant enough in the shrimp aquaculture industry of the country until breeding of Indian White Shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) has began in large scale in the provinces of Khuzestan and Bushehr, which are seen as the heart of shrimps reproduction and breeding, and in Hormozgan and Sistan. the incidence of white spot viral syndrome (White Spot Syndrom Virus) led to the import of the western white leg shrimp from the USA (P.vannameii) by the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO) in 1383, at the present all southern and northern breeding farms of the country (fundamental measures has been carried out in line of shrimp reproduction in Gorgan province in 1386) has put the breeding of this shrimp species as the single breeding species at top of their agenda. The subject of feeding the breeding shrimps is widespread and regarding to the non-proprietary species there are still some species which contain high protein than the other species in studying the different shrimp species requirements. In Iran due to the scarce factories producing the shrimp's food, the alimentary compound of the breeding shrimps during industrializing years of this type of breeding even after the non-aboriginal western white leg shrimp species being inclusive was stable and through different biological processes including: Naplies which feeds from its yalk and by entry into zoa stage start eating only small-sized phytoplankton. And by entry into the stage between zoa and mysis it feeds from phyto and zooplankton simultaneously and entering the post-larva stage it stars sarcophagi. and after 15 post-larva stage entering the growth and transition stage to earthen ponds feeding by concentrated industrial foods in large and small packages depending on young and adult mouth and due to feeding requirements of every stage the alimentary compound is nearly as follows: Digestible protein, energy, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals will start and the final product will be released in market Or they will be used in the later years of laying eggs and feeding for brood stock. In feeding section the details of every stage and their food's nutritional needs at each stage and will be fully described.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Kilka fish burger and silver fish is product of minced fish meat kilka and silver carp are mado of flavors , fillings, vejetables and spices.this fusion can be made on a toasted ( fried or raw ) and be marketed. The project was to replace the effects of different amounts of kilka fish insted of meat silver carp burger in preparing the consolidated on acceptance and qualitative changes in the past 5 months were examined and selected the best treatment for the industrial manufacturing industry in presented .Therefore , the four treatments with a variety of burger meat mixed with kilka and silver carp have been defined and the sensory evaluation were prepared . Based on statistical tests , selected treatment 3 ( kilka hundred percent ) in terms of flavor and color is in the highest rating . Also , the control treatment in term of taste , odor and color is in second priority. It is noteworthy that treatments 1 and 2 , in the next priority is accepted . Goals of this plan is consolidation of kilka and silver carp in preparation of consolidated burger in order to financial purpose in final product. Chemical, microbiological, sensory evaluation and free fatty acie of the product during the 5 months storage at -18 c is illustrated that, the product is maintained its quality during the entire sensory and chemical paraments.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Nowadays, the offspring of sturgeon species in the Caspian Sea is under danger because of biological and non-biological impacts such as pollution and illegal catching as well as dams obstacles of fish migration to the upstream of the rivers for the spawning. One of the most practical way to protect and maintain the natural stocking of these valuable species in the sea is artificial propagation and releasing of the produced larvae into the sea and the entering rivers as Iran Fishery Organization is currently producing about 22 million larvae per year according to the forth national plan of the country. However, protecting these natural resources of these species from the toxic chemicals is a critical issue because of high level pollution of their natural environment. In this research work an attempt was made to evaluate the toxicity of diazinon and its effect on some specific and nonspecific immune parameters of these sturgeon species in particular great sturgeon in order to give some recommendations for improving of their natural environment. A number of 300 fish weighing 12±2 g from great sturgeon obtained from sturgeon farms in Golestan states were used. Fish were transported to the Caspian Sea institute of ecology and were kept in 2000 L tanks with well aeration. Fish were fed commercial feed containing Kilka meal. The water quality parameters consisting of NO2, NH3, pH, DO and hardness were 〈0.1, 0 mg.l, 0.02mg/l, 7.9, 7-9/1 mg/l, and 145 mg/l, respectively. The acute toxicity of diazinon was assessed in beluga (Huso huso) and some of hematological and biochemical parameters of the survival fish examined. The obtained LC50-96 hours was 5.63 mg/l for Huso huso. Also, the obtained results showed that RBC, HB and PCV were significantly lower in the survival fish than the control fish. However, level of MCV in test groups was higher than control groups (P〈0.05). Also, leucocytes count level was different between the test and control groups. Also, no difference was observed in level of enzymes of ALD, AST, LDH and ALP between test and control groups, while levels of total protein and glucose in test groups were lower and higher than control fish, respectively. IgM of these species were purified and partially characterized using affinity chromatography and SDSPAGE methods, the obtained results showed than all fish species possess and IgM like protein with a molecular weight of 870KDa. This IgM showed to have heavy chains with 77-84 KDa and light chains with 28-30 KDa. The chronic/sublethal effect of this diazinon was assessed in great sturgeon juvenile and hematological and biochemical changes, leucocyte population size, lysozyme activity, chemiluminuscence (CL) response, antibody titration and histhopathological change were studied in beluga (Huso huso) weighing 450±50 g in the present of Antigen of Aeromonas Hydrophila as a single intraperitoneal injection at 1x107 cell per fish and thereafter a chronic exposure to organophosphate, diazinon at concentrations of 1,5 and 10 mg/L as a 48 hours bath and sample collected on day one and every week interval upto 22 days provided at 22±1?C and acceptable water quality condition. Results of erythrocyte profile in fish treated with diazinon generally showed significantly decrease of RBC, HCT (P〈0.05) compare to control fishes. While there was no significant difference (P〉0.05) in the values of MCH, MCV and MCHC between these groups. Compare to control group (group A) the values of white blood cells and lymphocyte were significantly lower in the exposed fish to diazinon (groups of C, D, E, F, G and H) while, the level of neutrophile and eosinophil was higher than control one (P〈0.05). No significant differences was found in values of monocytes and immature neutrophiles between control group and these groups (P〉0.05).Furthermore, fish treated with diazinon showed a higher levels of asparate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the early stage of post-exposure, compare to control fishes, while the level of these enzymes was lower in this group for the rest of experiment. Also, fish treated with Antigen-diazinon showed generally lower and higher levels of total protein and glucose concentrations in blood plasma, respectively compared to fish untreated(control) (P〈0.05).The level of cholinesterase in fish treated with diazinon bath generally lower than control group(P〈0.05).The level of lysozyme in liver of groups B,D,F,G and H were significantly higher (P〈0.05) than group A up to 2 weeks post-treatment and then it insignificantly reduced to lower levels until week 3 post-exposure. Also, kidney lysozyme contents were significantly higher (P〉0.05) in groups of B,F,G and H than group A up to 2 weeks post-treatment and then was lower for the rest of the experiment. The level of spleen lysozyme in groups of B,G and H was also, higher than group A for the first 2 weeks post-treatment and, then it reduced to below levels measured during the rest of experiment (P〉0.05). Lysozyme level of sera samples were significantly higher (P〈0.05) in groups of B, D, E, F, G and H than group A in the one week post-treatment. There was significant difference in the lysozyme contents of tissues of liver, spleen and serum between groups of A and E,F,G,H(P〈0.05). Mean spontaneous CL response in groups of diazinon bath were significantly lower than group A throughout the experiment (P〈0.05). Maximum peak was found in group D one day post-exposure, while the minimum peak was found in group E throughout the experiment. The antibody titration in groups of treated with diazinon bath generally lower than control group (P〈0.05).but the antibody titer in group B that treated with Antigen without diazinon bath was higher than the other groups. The histopathological effects of diazinon on the liver, kidney, spleen, gills, nostril and barbels of gain sturgeon examined under light and electron microscope, showed that diazinon caused severe damage to the cell structure such as congestion of blood vessels, hemorrhage, cellular infiltration, pyknosis of cells nuclei, vacuolar degeneration and general necrosis in the tissues of kidney, spleen and liver. There were also degenerative changes of interstitial tissue, detachment of tubular basement membrane in kidney. In the gills, hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamellae, separation and sloughing of epithelium from the underlying basement membrane were also observed In conclusion, diazinon at toxic and sub lethal concentrations is able to seriously affect the sturgeon immunity resulting in suppression of fish immune system and making fish susceptible to both non-infectious and infectious diseases.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Acipenser persicus, one of the native Species living in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, has high Percentage of larval mortality. Therefor to decrease the rate of mortality of larvae survival and to increase to regenerate properly during the active feeding process of fish larvae, while under artificial reproduction they were fed withe fresh water rotifer. Four types of feeding treatments were applied as follow :Treatment 1: Similar to normal process , first withe Artemia cyst then withe Daphnia Treatment 2: Mixture of Artemia, Rotifer and Daphnia; Treatment 3 freshwater Rotifera ;Treatment 4: fresh water Rotifer enriched with Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid- 6- Palmytat ).Three replicates were used for each treatment. In the process of each observation 45 larvae in containers withe 100 liter capacity filled with 30 liters of water , after 8 days of external feeding process, were inspected closely, during which , they were under biometric measurement once every two days. Larvae were fed Four times a day at a rate of 25 % of their body weight. The average temperature estimation was 22/5 ±0/5 centigrade, pH of water being 8/5 ± 0/1 while Oxygen proved to be 9/58 ± 0/2 mg/l . At the end of the observation, the profill fatty acids of the remains were studied .The growth factors, the mouth size of the larvae and the expansion of the mouth size compared to the total length of the larvae during the whole observation were inspected. Credibility of data designated was examined by Shapiro Wilks test. Specific growth rate (SGR), weight growth (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were contemplated by one- way analysis test, and significant difference Tukey's test. The most notable diversity was evident between treatment 2 , whose indicative factors were in the following order : 4/ 65 ± 0/06, 45/18 ± 0/66, 4/48 ± 0/07 and treatment 4 whose indicative factors showed the following results: 10/47 ± 0/04, 124/42 ± 0/62, 1/51 ± 0/008.For the determination of fatness rate and weight gains, Kruskal Valis and Man vit ni test were used .In this part of study , the highest diversity fatness appeared to be between treatment 4 ,reflecting 0/79±0/07 and treatment 2 showing the result 0/62±0/05.The highest gain was related to treatment 4, whit the rate of 99/33 ± 0/68 mgr and the lowest gain occurred in treatment 2 white the rate 62/36 ± 0/65 mgr . This study also revealed that, the survival ratio connected with treatments 3 and 4 , compared treatments 1 and 2, were significantly different. The profile of fatty acids also showed much higher percentage of PUFA and HUFA in treatments 3 and 4 , than those in other treatments. Furthermore Brachionus calyciflorus proved to be a proper food supply for larvae. Therefore by building suitable pools next to the work side, other kinds of species fresh water rotifer could also be used as food improvements for feeding larvae.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: The biological aspects of Sepia pharaonis was studied during years 2006-07. The studied area restricted to the Bahrekan in Khouzestan province covering the depths of 2 up to 25m. The sampling methods were gillnet and bottom trawl. A total of 310 specimens collected, of which there wasn’t found any cuttlefish in the study area from July to October (5 months). The collected samples were transferred to the laboratory ashore for further biological measurements consist of: Mantle length, Body weight, sex determination. Gonado-Somatic Index, and determination of Spermatophoric Index, Spawning season, Food preference, Maturity stages and chemical analysis for food value determination. The results showed that the overall sex ratio is about M:F= 2:1 with percentage of 67.41% for males and 32.50% for females. Males are significantly bigger than females with average mantle length (ML) of 233.3 and 269.3 mm for female and male, respectively; with body weight of 1102.3 and 1450.6 g. The mantle length body weight relationship was found W=0.001 ML 2.540 (R2= 0.92) Female as: W= 0.0015 ML 4797 (R2= 0.93) male From point of feeding, the food preferences results indicated that fish is considered as main food, crabs as minor food and other marine organisms such as bivalvia and gastropods as random food. The highest vacuity Index (CV) and empty stomachs was determined for March-April and the lowest value was is December. Also, the maximum GSI was estimated for March-April months in which showing coherrances with the lowest food preference. The maximum spermatophoricfilaments were 856 and 45 for male pharaoh cuttlefish with mantle length of 300 and 185 mm, and on the other hand this values for fecundity were estimated 1589 and 53 for female specimens with 254 and 198 mm mantle length. The spawning season occurs in April- March in which accompany with migration of pharaoh cuttlefish towards shallow waters. The fishing season would be in this period in w.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This project was carried out in order to determine the hatching conditions and laboratory culture methods of Fairy Shrimps ( Phallocryptus spinosa). Physico- chemical factors and phytoplankton of natural habitat of this organism was investigated in Khasellou region around Azarshahr – East Azarbaijan province. The results showed that occurance and growth of fairy shrimps in their habitates were beginning from early Aprill and their survival was decreased with increasing temperature, precipitation and increasing the salinity of their culture medium. Then they disappeared. Their habitat phytoplankton contained 3 phylla and 10 genera, from which green algae enjoyed the greatest density in May. The pool salinity was around 20-17 g/l , when metanauplii was observed in early spring. In the pool containing and without fairy shrimps the oxygen concenteration was high (9 mg/l) and low (2.9 mg/l ) , respectively . In 9 prawn ornamental fish genera, feeding with fairy shrimp showed a significant higher fecundity and hatching percentage compaired to manual diets (cow liver, spinach). In all groups fed with fairy shrimp the duration of spawning time were reduced from 15 to 8-10 days and the color was enhanced. The means of cyst number per captured female also, cyst , decapsulated cyst and Naupilli diameters were mesured 142.9±19.0 cysts , 273.2 ± 4.9 µ , 242.4± 3.8 µ and 542.6 ± 27.0 µ., respectively . The hatching rate was increased by reducing temperature and salinity of their culture mediums from 25 to 15 ◦ C , and 28 to 18 g/l, respectively.The highest hatching was observed on 5 th day at 15 ◦ C and 18 g/l (5, 33 %). In addition, low but multiple hatching was observed. Therefore , water temperature and salinity affected hatching rate in this species.The hatching success of Phallocryptus spinosa cysts was beter when collecting cysts together with dry sediments of their habitat without separation sensetive cysts . In addition to cold keeping and freezing, the hydration – dehydration method caused more diapause deactivation for hatching induction. The laboratory results revealed that the survival of fairy shrimps were highest at 15 ◦ C (42%) and lowest at 25◦ C (26%), respectively. Also, their life was inhibited in 30◦ C.In different salinities, the mean survival rate were 26% (Salinity = 15 g/l) and 20% (Salinity = 25 g/l), respectively. The mean survival percentage of Phallocryptus spinosa cultured in natural habitat water (64.3%) was higher than aerated tap water (23, 3 %). Also, feeding with Nanochlorepsis caused higher survival rates. On the other hand, Beakers yeast caused higher mortality rates. Therefore , regarding to relatively high sensitivity of these species to physico – chemical and nutritional conditions of their culture medium, it is better to culture these species with expantion of their natural habitat in order to preserve their biodiversity , culture and increase stocking density with regard to environmental considerations .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Without abstract.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this study the physical properties of silver carp burger over a period of six months at a temperature of -18 ċ were studied using pectin. Indicators such as hardness texture,juiciness, flavor and overall acceptance of the product containing. The product were evaluated using qualified assessors، the microbial,chemical markers to evaluate the qualitative change such as peroxide treatments, total volatile nitrogen bases ، total count of bacteria and examined psychotropic of tests six months of treatments carried out on a monthly basis. The results indicate that the addition of pectin 0/3 percent of total admissions acceptance of burgers tissue was obtained and significant differences are. The chemical test results were also increased with storage time burger in refrigerators -18 degrees. Range of volatile nitrogen bases out of 15.2±1.2 at the time of 26/5±1.17 mg/100, the peroxide from 0.6±0.61 to 3/56±0.6 meq/kg of oxygen was. Thus despite a significant increase in indicators of physical Chemical and sensory evaluation of texture analysis. In the past six months storage period of -18 degrees, burger productive uses of pectin 0/3 percent of the limit between acceptable and will was.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this research 90 fish (30 common carp, 30 grass carp, 30 silver carp) respectively with average weight of 8.5+0.7 ...........

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Due to various Physic and chemical factors of rivers leading to the sea, the situation seems different topography and throughput rate initial productions in the different seasons and due to various circumstances physical and chemical rivers leading to the sea, seabed topography in different situation appears to be of primary production in the eastern and western between the Caspian Sea in the season, may be altered.Identifying species and determining the distribution and biomass of the changes and how they are affected by environmental changes and we are environmentally conscious. We also compare the current situation with previous studies, we find that the number and types of plankton biomass have been what it is. During 1392 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, in a study of 8 transects of 40 stations. In each transect from Astara to the Turkmen. 5 stations at depths of 5. 10 and 20 m were selected for sampling. The total number of 182 species from seven branches Bacillariophyta, Pyrrophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Xantophyta and Chrysophyta phytoplankton were identified. Including 81 species of Bacillariophyta, 33 Cyanophyta, 25 Pyrrophyta, 31Chlorophyta , 9 Euglenophyta, 1 Xantophyta and Chrysophyta had 1 specie. Most of Bacillariophyta (61 species) was in Autumn and then in winter (48 species). Dominant species of Bacillariophyta were Pseudonitzschia seriata, Rhizosolenia fragilissima, Stephanodiscos sp. , Melosira varians, Nitzschia acicularis and Cyclotella menenghiniana Pyrrophyta was greatest diversity of branches in summer, autumn and winter (19 species), which includes Exuviaella cordata, Exuviaella marina, Prorocentrum praximum and Prorocentrum scutllum. In the autumn density of Cyanophyta was 285/7(± 137/1) cubic meters × 106 and biomass was 95( ± 54) mg per cubic meter) and 18 species were observed. The dominant species in this category were Oscillatoria sp., Nodularia spumigena and Oscillatoria agardhii. Most species of Chlorophyta branche in autumn and winter and summer median region with the highest density at the density of 26/2% and most of it is Binuclearia lauterbornii. Identified as the branches Euglenophyta were Trachelomonas, Euglena and Phacus that were observed in all seasons. In winter, the highest mean biomass was 9( ± 0/818) mg per cubic meter and the highest density of in summer was 0/5 ( ± 0/5) in cubic meters × 106. In winter the depth of 10 meters and surface of Babolsar, Amir Abad and Anzali, a kind of Chrysophyta and in surface of Tonekabon and Anzali a species of Xantophyta were observed that had negligible density and biomass. Studies have shown that density and biomass of Bacillariophyta were 228 (± 471) per cubic meter × 106) and 6157 ± ( 290) mg per cubic meter) respectivity and Pyrrophyta were 28/17( ± 27/14) cubic meter × 106in cubic meters) and 3349 ( ± 336) mg per cubic meter) and Cyanophyta 120/40 (± 123/87) per cubic meter × 106 per cubic meter), biomass (55 ± 57mg per cubic meter) were the branches of the dominant phytoplankton. Abundance and biomass in different seasons have been significant differences (p 〈0.05).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: For hand feeding of Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a kind of fish used in integrated carp culture, two kinds of pellets with Alfa alfa as current food were suggested as follows: 1. Pellet B with low fiber and high protein 2. Pellet C with high fiber and low protein The ingredient ratio was powdered and mixed, by adding water, fiber was made and minced the minced pellet was put on net tray and then in blotter to be dried and ready for use. In this experiment food quality analysis and also food water stability was measured. Regarding sampling, growth rate and weight increase of fish and FCR of each ratio was determined. Results indicates diet C is not able to compete with Alfa alfa from the stand point of weight increase, FCR and price. But diet B with low FCR and higher growth rate and higher price (not meaning ful P 5%) can compete with Alfa alfa.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Survey is conducted to evaluate the effects of different intensities and durations of red light spectrums on growth performance and survival of Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius) in Coldwater Fishes Research Center (CFRC). According to the standard methods and manuals, selected 1.1±0.2 g (1755 individuals) larvae transferred from a registered and well-known hatchery and introduced to the fish tanks in CFRC after quarantine and adaptation procedures. The trial designed for 9 treatments with 3 repeats and fish tanks (California troughs) stocked by 65 larvae. All tanks were separated by dark plastic sheets individually to more controlling actions on special lighting regimes, except controls. Lighting actions were conducted as long as survey stage for 36 days by economic lamps (P: 40/50 W, =550/880 lum) on lighting durations of 12/12, 10/14, 14/10 h (on/off) and 24 (on) by 40/50 W lamps respectively for treatment 1 to 8. Controls are considered in treatment No. 9 by natural and environmental lighting regime. The biometry operations were carried out in a 6 days interval. Results were analyzed with SPSS (Version 12) software and by ANOVA one way analysis method and multiple levels of Duncan Test; graphs were illustrated by Excel software. According to the results, most of the measured factors as growth indicators (FW, WG, FCR and SGR) in treatments (1-8) had showed significant differences in compare of control. In this case, oily drips in retina layer of eye s larvae absorb the short light spectrums and let the long spectrums to be transferred. Thus because of more vision, feeding behavior could develop with lower stress condition. Moreover, some growth factor (SGR, WG and FCR) rates in larvae showed better values significantly in treatment (1) (12/12 h lighting with 550 lum) in compare of other treatments and controls (P≤ 0.05). In addition, there are not any harmonized and expected growth parameters with synchronized red lighting intensities and durations in the Caspian trout larvae. It seems that recent demonstrations were influenced by physiological effects of some endocrinal glands and brain neurotransmitters.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Present study was conducted in shrimp farm located in east of Chabahar in Sistan and Balouchestan province from August 2001 until May 2003. Fourteen stations at three locations (i.e. supply channel, drainage channel and Gwatr Gulf) were selected to determine physical and chemical factors such as; temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, silicate, total suspended solid and turbidity. Sampling was conducted twice a month during the shrimp culturing period and monthly at other times. Water samples were collected every two weeks to determine Chemical and Physical factors, Chlorophyll a, Phytoplankton and Zooplankton. Sediment samples were collected seasonally to examine Macrobenthos, Grain size and Total Organic Matter. The results revealed different bioenvironmental area in the three locations (i.e. supply channel, drainage channel and Gwatr gulf) over the study period. One-way analyze of variance of chemical and physical factors indicated significant difference between different times as well as different stations (p〈0.05). The negative relationship was observed between the culturing production area and the amount of average dissolved oxygen, pH and total suspend solid. An increase in the culturing production area in 2002 as compared to that of 2001 causes a decrease in the amount of these factors. However, it dose indicates positive relationship with nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, transparency and chlorophyll. Forty nine phytoplankton genus were identified, which mainly belong to diatoma, dinoflagellate and green blue algae. Diatom was dominated among these groups. Diatom and green-blue algae and diatom comprised %79, %69 and %64 of phytoplankton flora respectively in supply channel, Gwater Gulf and drainage channel. Copepod and thintinnida were the major groups of zooplankton. High abundance of bivalve, Polychaetes and amphipoda were found in supply channel, Gwatr Gulf and drainage channel respectively. Analysis of grain size showed the existence of sandy sediment in Gulf of Gwatr and sandy-loom in supply channel. Drainage channel sediment found to be sandy-loom, sandy-silty-loom and sand loom. Among three locations, the highest TOM was found in drainage channel. In last location, production area in 2002 increased as compared to that of 2001, which showed negative relationship with salinity, nitrate, nitrit, ammonia and chlorophyll a. Drainage of the Gwatr s shrimp farm did not cause any thermal contamination in the location. Shrimp aquaculture activities caused an increase in the average of salinity, range of pH in the Gwatr Gulf.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The study on economic aspects of tilapia culture in Iran is a subproject of a comprehensive project on introduction of tilapia to central regions of the country. Two types of red and black of the exotic tilapia were imported from Indonesia in 2009 for research and were transferred to the research center of Bafgh. Since tilapia has capabilities in aquaculture such as resistance to diseases, fast growth, tolerance to high intensity, growth in freshwater, brackish water and in saline water, also ability to grow in pond, cage and aquaculture tanks, so it is likely that it’s production be of economic advantages. Therefore the present study looked at economic aspects of raising tilapia. The factors examined were feed expenditures, wages, fertilizer spending, costs of fish fingerlings, and pond preparation in two treatments of black and red tilapia in 0.45 hectare earth ponds, 3m2 aquaculture tanks with two replicates. Results of data analyses showed that benefit of each pond for black tilapia would be about 5968763 Rials. For red tilapia this amounted to 5939696 Rials. On total the benefit for black tilapia pond culture was 11940444 Rials while this for red tilapia was 11879392 Rials, so we can conclude that pond culture of tilapia is beneficial. Culture cost of black tilapia in tanks with 57 Kg outcome, was 2540600 Rials. Accordingly the cost of each kilogram of fish is 44572 Rials, so with 20 percent benefit, the price for each kilogram is 53485 Rials. Also for producing 37 kilograms red tilapia in tank some 2531500 Rials was expended. Each kilogram red tilapia cost 68419 Rls to produce which is much more than other cultured fish and if we expect 20 percent benefit the price of each kilogram of red tilapia would be 82103 Rls. So it is concluded that tank fish culture of tilapia would not be beneficial and economically speaking there would be no point to raise tilapia this way.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Sampling for this study was carried out at the freshwater crayfish fishing season (May to December ) from the selected packs made from one of the harvesting centers at the first day ( harvesting and packing ) until the seventh day ( the export time ) using registered number to determine the handling effect ( live ) and changes in chemical and microbial indices in tail fillet stored at -18 ° C at days 1 and every 15 days considering 1 treatment and 3 replicates. The comparison of results mean (±SE) of the effects of handling on tested indices showed a significant reduction of protein percentage (dry weight) of tail filet at day 7 (13/85 ± 0/07) comparing with fishing day (16/1 ± 0/05) ( (p 〈 0.05). So that by increasing the handling and storage period, the amount of protein (dry weight) was reduced. Comparison of carbohydrate percent (dry weight) during handling showed a significant difference between the first day (2/8 ± 0/009) with the seventh day (0/9 ± 0/005 (p 〈0.05). Percent of moisture showed a significant increase during handling between day 1 (79/2 ± 0/24) and 7 (84 ± 0.41) (p 〈 0.05). Mean chemical composition of haemolymph showed a significant reduction in triglycerides (milligrams per deciliter) at fishing day (14/3 ± 0/16) and day 7 (11/7 ± 0/13) (p 〈 0.05). Comparison the means of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid profiles and the ratio of DHA / EPA did not show significant differences (p〉0.05). Comparison of the mean (±SE) of total bacterial count (log CFU / g) and psychrophilic bacteria at different periods of tail fillet storage at - 18 °C showed significant differences at day1 ( 3.48 ± 0.00 and 1.0± 0.00) compared to day 180 ( 6.86± 0.85 and 6.75± 0.25) , respectively(p〉0.05) .Comparison of Mean (±SE) of chemical indices for first day with day 180 were thiobarbituric acid ( mg malondialdehyde /kg ) (0.19/0 ± 0/07) and (1/45 ± 0/25), peroxide ( meq oxygen/ kg fat ) (0/81 ± 0/21) and (2/2 ± 0/3), total volatile basic nitrogen ( mg per 100 g fillet ) (13/21 ± 1/01) and (26/6 ± 1 / 40) and acidity (6/26 ± 0/08) and (6/55 ± 0/05), respectively which showed significant differences with each other (p 〈 0.05). Therefore, cited to the results of microbiological and chemical parameters, maximum shelf life longetivity of freshwater crayfish tail fillets packaged in the air is recommended as 5 months after freezing at – 18 °C.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Biology aspects of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) were investigated from October 2005 to December 2006 in Northern waters of Persian Gulf (Hormozgan province).The reproduction cycle, sexual maturity, sex ratio, Fecundity, Lm50, feeding, length frequency, growth parameters and mortality of cobia were studied from total of 509 specimens ranged from 19 to 159 fork length. Gonadosomatic index peaked during spring and summer with main peak in June. Spontaneous spawning occurs around the year with peak in June. The overall female to male ratio was significantly 1 : 1.49 (P〈0.05). Batch fecundity were estimated 1684954±118990 in 15 females. Relationship between total length and fecundity were calculated F=1.3717TL 2.9567 (r2= 0.82). Feeding studies indicated that the bony fishes were main food of cobia (76%) and followed by crustaceans (25%) and mollusks (11%). Rays were least food items (22%). Maximum and Minimum GaSI were observed in March (33%) and August (0.07%) respectively. Females reached 50% sexual maturity at 81.25 cm TL. The total length -weight relationship was W=0.0042L3.1162 ( r2=0.9852). Thetotal length-fork length relationship was TL= 1.1561FL-2.533 (r2= 0.9933). Growth parameters K, L ,and t0 were calculated by von bertalanfy growth equation : 0.11 (year1), 168.65 cm, 3.49 and -0.97 respectively. The instaneous rate of total mortality (z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality estimated by catch curve analysis were 0.30, 0.25, 0.14 (year1). Exploitation rate and Tmax were 0.36 and 28 yearrespectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: To study the preparation of frozen minced meat from abramis brama orientalis commonly known as sim from Arras lake and from silver carp cultured in the Azerbaijan province, and later this minced meat converted to fish ball and fish burger, in this process microbial, chemical and organoleptic tests was done on samples for frozen minced meat on Sims fish the TVN was 10.1 in zero phase and 14.1 after three month and peroxide value from 0.9 t0 3.1 at the same duration. But he value was higher when converted to fish ball, TVN ranged from 14 to17.6 and per oxide from 1.1 to 4.7 after three month, the unit for TVN was mg/100gram and peroxide unit meq/1000 gram, the microbial tests was also resulted in an acceptable range, the meat of Sims fish had no significant difference with the silver carp comparatively only the color and the smell of the fish was little different, so we could conclude that we can use Sim fish meat for frozen minced meat product and this can increase the consumption of fish in the region in the future.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to study phytopague fingerlings feeding in fish ponds, simultaneously to the beginning of warm season and cultivation, fingerlings of 3-5 gr from 4 ponds in Mazandaran province were captured, fixed with formalin, then transferred to the plankton determination laboratory of Caspian sea ecologic institute. Based on carried out studies on the first and the end party of their intestine and the pond water, phytophague fingerlings feeds on phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus. But the essential nutrition was on phytoplankton and detritus. Planktonic groups were formed of Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta and Euglenophyta. But in addition to these four groups Pyrophyta was present in fish pond water. Relative abundance of these nutrient organisms in water and intestine was different. Also in most cases a direct relation was observed between the intensity of water organisms and intestine ingredients. Based on this study, essential differences of digestion were observed following to the source of nutrition and the most difference were considered in digestion of Chrysophytes, Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta. Base on the results of this study we propose to make more studies on fertilization and the proportion of different fertilizers in fish ponds in order to obtain easily digestible phytoplankton thus increase in fish exploitation.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The red tide, as a natural phenomenon, has been frequently occurred in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea coastal waters. Harmful algal blooms of Cochlodinium polykricoiedes were first observed in August 2007 and coincided with massive aquatic organisms’ mortalities and have caused substantial economic losses and negative effects on the aquatic environment in the Persian Gulf. The objective of this study was to evaluate direct control or mitigation of C. polykricoiedes blooms through physical (flocculation with clay; 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2, 4 and 10 g L-1), biological [6 seaweeds; fresh and extract (aqueous and methanol)] and chemical (hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, acetic acid and sodium hypochlorite; 0.05, 0.1, 0.5,1 and 1.5 g L-1) treatments. The results of the physical assay showed that the growth of C. polykricoiedes was strongly inhibited by using clay slurry in 4 or 10 g L-1. The removal efficiency of C. polykricoiedes by clay was 99% after 24 hour. The seaweeds showed the most mitigation effect on C. polykricoiedes using aqueous extract was C. sinnosa, using mixed aqueous and methanol were S. illicifolium , U. lactuca and G. corticata, fresh tissue were E.intistialis ، C.sinuosa , H.valentiea , and culture filtrate of E. intistialis. The results clearly showed that the flocculants; potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, acetic acid and sodium hypochlorite had the highest removal efficiency (100%) of C. polykricoiedes cells in the lowest concentration (0.05 g L-1). Overall, our experiments suggest that using clay and seaweeds as a control strategies could be considered for HABs in the Persian Gulf coastal waters.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: In this work we have surveyed on six ponds of p.semisulcatus shrimp in the investigation farn1 that have located at helleh site in the Bushehr province from May 2001. Our main goal in this project were : (l) Measurements of quality factors in water and sediment (2) Offering possible proposals for making development in water quality of culture ponds With respect to the time of shrimp stocking and harvesting the frequencies of water and sediment sampling were twice and once per month , respectively. Also two sediment sampling of the pond bed have done before pond watering and after harvesting The measured factors in the water were : pH , salinity , dissolved oxygen , transparency , temperature ( Twice a, day in the morning and the afternoon ) , chlorophyll-a nitrate , nitrite orthophosphate , iron , biochemical oxygen demand , chemical oxygen demand , TSS , T DS, total alkalinity, organic nitrogen the sediment were : pH , alkalinity , iron , total organic matter (TOM) , total nitrogen and grain size The measurement of grain size have done in two times ( before pond watering and after harvesting The results show low concentration of the essential nutrient such as phosphate and nitrate , high concentration of ammonia , high pH , undesirable transparency , high alkalinity of sediments and a great amount of clay in pond bed On the basis of above description , we need to renewing our management in fertilizing , feedings , liming and important the quality of bed.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Present project was conducted in shrimp farm located in east of Chabahar in Sistan and Balouchestan province.Twentieth sampling stations at three locations (i.e. 2 stations in supply channel,13 stations in drainage channel and 5 stations in Gwatar Gulf) were selected to determine physical and chemical factors such as; temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and biological parameters for example Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton and zooplankton. Sampling was conducted once a month from March 2003 until January 2004. The results revealed different bioenvironmental area in the three locations (i.e. supply channel, drainage channel and Gwatar Gulf) over the study period. Concentration of salinity ,pH , nitatr ,nitrite ,ammonia and chlorophyll a in drainage channel were more than supply channel and Gawtar Gulf. While concentation dissolved oxygen and phosphate were in drainage channel less than Gawtar Gulf.Also, sediment with small grain size (clay and silt) caused uptake phosphate and amount phosphate decreased in drainage channel. Considering with lack of environment standards in Iran shrimp effluent, data compared with others countries standard. Results showed that with considerable farm area , value of temperature , salinity , dissolved oxygen and pH were in permit range in Gwatar Gulf while concentation nitrate, phosphate and chlorophyll a were sometimes more than permit range that could cause plankton bloom.Also, Gwatar Gulf were influence monsoon. Nitate , phosphate , chlorophyll a and phytoplankton increased in gwatar Gulf.Regards with that postmonsoon was simultaneus with shrimp harvest.Therefore, increase some parameters could be caused from shrimp effluent or postmonsoon. Thirty four phytoplankton genus were identified including diatoma, dinoflagellate , cyanophyta and chlorophyta. In each area maxiumum percentage of phytoplankton were belonged to diatoma( 63%) in supply channel , cyanophyta(51.7%) in drainage channel and dinoflagellate (94.5% ) in Gwatar Gulf.Amount and range chemical and physical factors and plankton composition were different in drainage channel , supply channel and Gwatar Gulf. Cyanophyta could grow more in drainage channel.Percentage of aboundance and diversity of phytoplankton changed in 2002 inrelation to years ago( before shrimp culture , 2000 year and 2001 year) specially in Gwatar Gulf.Mainly percentage of zooplankton were copepoda and thintinida respectively.Diversity zooplankton decreased ratio to years ago. In drainage channel , abundance total of phytoplankton and zooplankton were more than Gwatar Gulf and supply channel.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: Seasonal survey on 404 water sources including Ganat, agricultural wells and Sheshtaraz river on Bardaskan city (Khorasan province) were conducted among which 47 were selected for biological and physical and chemical study in order to determine the aquaculture of them. The results showed that according to classic classification the Macrobenthose could be categorized into three branches of Arthropod, Annelid and Mollusk. The Chironomidae was the culminate species have been observed in all situation. 30 species of phytoplankton from five families have been recognized where the family of Clamydomonase and Cyclotella were the dominated group. Also eleven group of zooplanktons identify in which Rotatoria with Brachionus continual the dominate group and genus. Chemical analysis of central and northern region of Bardaskan showed to be fresh water and soft to moderate hard with electrical conductivity of less than 0.7 ms/cm. In the desert region in the western and southern side of Bardaskan salinity and hardness increase which comprised from Oligosaline to mesosalin (EC: 0.4 to 7.3 ms/cm). The whole region the pH varied between 7.2 to 8.6 and the average oxygen concentration was 8.2 mg/l with respect the agricultural use of water we suggest that pond ual purposes can be used for trout culture during October to March.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This project is trying to investigate water contamination after use in ponds. For this aquaculture status, physical and chemical water properties, microbial pollutants and heavy metals levels in the some of trout ponds effluent in East Azerbaijan province were evaluated in 2007 to 2009. The information of groundwater and climate conditions in ten years, Drilling and wells piezometric Information, in local wells are reviewed.According to data obtained from analysis of water samples in the output pools range studied concentrations(term mg/l) some parameters are as follows:(BOD: 1.9-3.2),(COD: 3.4-34.1),(TSS: 26.6-42.7),(N-NO2:0.003-.136),(P-Po4:0.0170.067),(pH:7.75-8.28).Electrical conductivity(500 ±2 to 1129±144 term µm/cm) in the effluent ponds . Based on the results of we can say that between input and effluent ponds in the review of all factors as chlorine, sulfate, sodium, potassium, total nitrogen, soluble phosphorus, total phosphorus, calcium, total hardness, magnesium, alkalinity and silica significant changes not be observed. Review of water analysis data to some factors(such as:water temperature,EC,pH,NO2,CO2,HCO3,CO3,DO,COD,BOD) And compare this data with the authorities standard confirmed that the All factors mentioned in effluent is allowed now. In terms of microbial contamination and heavy metals ( Zn,Cu,Ca,Pb,Fe,Cr ) is no pollution. Appropriate strategies for removing suspended materials must to use.We can use Watershed Management solutions to inject output water to the underground table. Should be noted status change (eg change in flow rate, an unusual increase in temperature, fish density increasing, reducing food quality, lack of appropriate management actions and ...) may reduce the effluent quality and the ability of injection water underground to lose . In this case, measures must be for wastewater treatment and improve the quality ponder.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Due to lack of access to comprehensive and up-to-date information regarding equipment, personnel, laboratory services tariffs and chemicals in the laboratories of Iran Fisheries Research Institute and felt the necessity of having this information for optimal management of the laboratories, it was decided with regard to all information needs in this area and using previous experiences in this regard as well as the experiences of other institutions and related organizations at the national (and even international) level, the system would be designed. The main purpose of implementing this plan was to establish and implement a software system based on web technology to create a comprehensive database of the Fisheries Research Institute's laboratories, so that in addition to organizing information, using periodic reports on various related areas a more appropriate monitoring and management system could be applied. Fortunately, after the design and implementation stages, the system in early January 2011 was fully applicable. The main parts of this system include portal; database; advanced data entry, search and reporting capabilities; direct tests order system and discussion forums.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: This research has been carried out to study on the effect of different levels of protein (45, 50, 55 and 60%) and energy (20, 22 and 24 KJ/g) on growth performances, survival rate, nutrition factors and chemical composition of juvenile fish of silver sea bream (Sparidentex hasta) wheighing 27 grams.The experiment was done with 12 treatments and 3 replicate for each treatment. The rearing period was 56 days in 300 liter polyethylene tanks (with 200 liter water volume and with water exchange of 1 liter/min). In each tank eighteen fish were stocked. Biometry was done in every two weeks. At the end of experiment one fish was used for chemical analysis of body. Finally, with consider to obtain results from Two-way ANOVA, the 50% of protein level and 22 KJ/g of energy level is suitable for making nutrition for this species.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Babolrood Hydrological measurements are essential for the interpretation of water quality data and for water resource management. Variations in Babolrood hydrological conditions have important effects on water quality. In rivers, such factors as the discharge (volume of water passing through across-section of the river in a unit of time), the velocity of flow, turbulence and depth will influence water quality. Location and geographic point of wetlands Babolrod River: 36°41'21"N 52°36'1"E. Babolrood Is a river in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran that flows northward from foot of Mount Alborz through Babolsar city, and finally to the Caspian Sea between east Babolsar and west Babolsar. Babolrod is a very suitable river for fish to spawn and breed. This has the result of emphasizing Babolrood hydrology regime of the river flood discharge and precipitations are directly dependent on the amount of water Debbie. Results of studies done on this river also confirmed Hydro biology would employ four special biological area D and C and B and A (Biological in divided zoon) Babolrood in the ruling. Area A: Length of about 4 km from estuary of the river there is containing freshwater and brackish And specific biological markers in this region is the general slope of 1-0% in the coastal region. Area B: Length of about 16 Km (20 Km from estuary) is. Low water flow on the slope of 2-0%, and in this part of the river bed has a medium texture. The Babol and Babolsar Amir Kola Sewage that containing oil and oil directly fall out into the river. Babol slaughterhouse along with the excess ichors' is transported to the river. Pollution, chemical, mechanical and biological part due to its proximity to the estuary of migratory fish spawning and migration Babolrood has shattered. Area C: These parts of River are almost clear water and Rocky River bed and Length of about 44 km (64 km to estuary of). Biological reagents are presented in Map 2-1 percent slope and topography of the area is seen as low. Area D: This area within 64 kilometers long, about 30 km from the estuary of begins. Average slope of 5-2% of the area and the terrain is very variable. Water in this area is rich in oxygen. Flow (Debbie) of water in this region is very high. The savad-koh forests surrounding part of river is the. , And is located at an altitude of about 1500 m above sea level.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: 0Genetic polymorphism by means of biochemical genetic markers using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system in four barbus fish species has been investigated. Species scientific name were Barbus sharpeyi ; Gunther, 1847 , Barbus grypus ; Heckel, 1843, Barbus xanthopterus ; Heckel, 1843 and Barbus esocinus ; Heckel, 1843.Sampling site and location were mainly in the rivers located in Khoozestan province such as Karoon and Karkheh rivers and the Dez dam. Different organs such as blood, muscle, kidney, eye and heart were sampled and analysed for the presence of tf, es, sod and pgm alleles. High polymorphism and presence of different alleles scored, but populations were not in the H-W equilibrium. Considring results, using current and avaiable genetic markers such as microsattelits is recommended for future works.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary levels of protein (%30,%35,%40,%45) , fat (%8,%12,%16,%20) and total energy (3500,4000,4500,5000 kcal/kg ) on growth of fingerling Roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus knipowitschi ) in four treatments with triplicates. The crude protein of experiment, fish averaged 2.60 gr stoking density of 25 fish/tank in a during of 57 days, the crude fat of experiment, averaged 5.30 gr stoking density of 15 fish/tank in a during of 67 days and the gross energy of experiment, averaged 5.30 gr stoking density of 25 fish/tank in a during of 57 days which reared into 100L-fiber glass tanks. At the end of each experiments, growth average parameters, such as weight gain(%), specific growth rate, food conversion ratio, condition factor and survival (%) were not significantly different among all treatments (P〉0/05) but protein efficiency ratio showed in fish fed of %30 and %35 protein at levels significantly different with another treatments (P〈0/05). In all of experimentes, significant difference was found whole-body protein, lipid contents of fish fed the different dietary protein, lipid and energy levels indicated that significant difference among of treatments. As regards the economics of feeding and effective protein utilization, the dietary containing %30, %16 fat levels and total energy 5000 kcal/kg would be suitable to growth roach fingerling.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study has been carried out in waters of Bushehr province in the Persian Gulf covering Nayband bay to Bahregansar between 26° 45 N to 30° 00 N and 49° 45 E to 52° 45 E, 15 main and 5 sub- stations, by R/V Ferdows 1 in winter 2004, summer 2004 and winter 2005. The physico - chemical parameters, nutrients (silicate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite), phyto, zooplanktons, sediments and macrobenthoses were collected from water layers and sea bottom, and then analysed. The parameters were compared and evaluated with the results of the previous work, conducted in the same area. Termocline, halocline, oxycline and picnocline layers were formed in summer. These clins disappeared due to water column mixing in winter. The values of temperature, conductivity and pH in summer were higher than those of in winter, while the salinity and density values of surface and subsurface layers in winter were higher than those of in summer. The temperature and conductivity have been decreased from surface to depth, from coastal rigions to offshore and from southern waters to northwern waters, while salinity, density and turbidity have been increased. The dissolved oxygen is decreased by increasing the values of temperature, salinity and depth and it is observed that D.O. has increased in correlation with chlorophyl a in mean and subsurface layers. The pH was rather decreased from surface to depth while turbidity was increased. Orthosilicate (Si_SiO44), nitrate (N_NO3 ), and nitrite (N_NO2 ) concentration have increased from surface to depth while orthophostate (P_PO43) decreased. Among the phytoplanktons, Dinophycea had most abundance in winter 2004 and Diatoms had most abundance, variety and distribution in summer 2004 and winter 2005. Among the zooplanktons, Copeopda had most abundance, variety and distribution. The intensity of phytoplanktons in summer was more than those in winter; it decreased from surface to depth and from coastal rigions to offshore, at first increased and then gradually decreases. Intensity of zooplanktons in summer was more than those in winter and decreased from surface layers to depth and from coastal waters to offshore. The abundance of benthoses in summer was more than that in winter while their biomass in winter was more than that in summer. The abundance decreased from southern to northwern waters, but the rate of decrease in biomass was more than that of abundance. The mainly texture of sediments was loamy or muddy and the grain size in southeastern and northwestern areas were coarser than those in middle area. Compared with the previous study, the trend of physico chemical, silicate, nitrate and nitrite were the same but in spite of the past, the values of pH in summer were more than those in winter and also phosphate concentration had been decreased frome surface layer to depth. The overall trends of phyto and zooplanktons densities are almost similar to previous observation, but cyanophyceae significantly decreased, in comparison with spring and summer abundance. It is also observed that the zooplanktons average density has been in reverse order compared to previous observations. Average concentration of phosphate in the entire region was seven times more than that of the former study and its maximum value has rised more than 26 times in the petroleum and gas industries areas. On the other hand, the abundance and diversity of phyto and zooplanktons and also the ratio of biomass to abundance of benthoses were decreased.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The project carried out at Shrimp Research station of Bandargah in 2011 to determine the production parameters such as; Average body weight, production, survival and feed conversion ratio in closed- recirculating aquaculture system for shrimp culture. This project was performed in 4 m3 fiberglass tanks. 3 tanks was chosen for the control and 3 were assigned to treatments. Considered Species in this treatment was white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) that with a density of 60 pieces per square meter, and was reared for 90 days. culture in control as usual and change water regularly, but the treatments did not change water during the period of culture. Water in the treatment tanks was going to turn the filter system and waste was removed by mechanical and coal filter embedded in the route, and after filtering was transferred to the wastewater tank. Wastewater Was aerated in this tank and after 24 hours was pumped out and return to treatments tanks. In the final of project, mean weight, survival rate and production for control and treatment, was respectively, 18.27 ± 2.84 and 20.70 ± 1.47 g, 73.83 ± 4.14 and 77.17± 13.66 percent, and 0.81 ± 0.14 and 0.97 ± 0.23 kg/m2. Statistical analysis results show that there are no significant differences found between treatments and control (P〉 0.05), although in all the above criteria, the relative improvement was achieved to compared of control. But the results of feed conversion ratio was 1.27 ± 0.16 for treatments that are significantly different (P 〈0.05) with controls (1.56 ± 0.23). This result showed that efficiency of the food was better in closed- recirculating shrimp culture system.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This project in partnership with Azerbaijan State Fisheries Department and the aim of increasing fish production hydrothermal (Carp fish) at unit area through providing scientific and practical method in applying air device and nutrition management, a field area of 8.5 hectares and in ponds with 3300 m2 at village Eylarzgy carried at Urmia city. After preparation of ponds, action to release fry density was 6000 ha piece. Percent including 55 percent of silver carp (as most fish), Common carp 31 percent, 8 percent Grass carp and 6 percent of Big head with average weights 67 to 92 grams respectively. For fertilizing ponds in addition to basic fertilizer, during development, organic fertilizers (cow) amount to 24 ton/ hectar (Aslary) once every two days and types of mineral fertilizers (chemical) rate of 1012.5 kg per in three days once were used.In addition to feeding carp fish with natural food, concentrates and food for feeing Grass carp fresh forage (alfalfa) was used. Oxygen supply required for ponds were provided with one to two air units (Air jet). Sampling and biometry of fish and water samples for water analysis and identification of plant zooplankton (of the family and genus) once every month until the end of the growing period was performed. Resulting data were analyzed with Excel statistical software. Results showed that the production rate in the studied ponds was 4.74 tons per hectare and production of 3.15 tons per hectare in year ago, the farm has 50.5 percent increase compared to year ago average production rate in the whole province (3.21 tons per hectare) of 47.7 percent and the average production rate in the country in 1385 (about 3.8 tons per hectare) 24.7 percent increase shows.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

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Description: In order to study feeding and reproductive biology of Southern meager (A.hololepidotus) in North west of Persian Gulf. 143 (74 males and 69 females) species were collected between October of 2008 to October of 2009 in coast of Khouzestan. Maximum and minimum length of fish were 143 cm and 81 cm respectively Maximum mean length (128.4±7.5) and Minimum mean length (104.86±12.47) were detected in October and May respectively. Maximum weight (27.5Kg) and Minimum weight (5.7Kg) and also mean weight to males (15222±1371) and Min mean weight of females (16942/02±2095) were detected. Absolute fecundity (4111847.66) and relative fecundity (268.33) were analyzed. GSI Analysis showed that these species (A.hololepidotus) spawn during June to September with highest spawning rate in September. Results showed that Southern meager is a batch spawnerspecies relationship between length and weight of male Y=0.042L^2.70(n=74,R2 =0.86) and female species Y=0.061L^2.61(n=69, R2=0.85) and also total species Y=0.059L^2.62 (n=143, R2=0.86) were measured. Due to not finding Immature species during sampling LM50 wasn’t analyzed. Analysis HSI and K index showed highest value in April and May and lowest value in August and September respectively. Prey occurrence index showed that fish is main food item and Crustacean specially Shrimp and Mollusca are secondary food item of this species. Analysis of vacuity index showed that females of Southern meager are more gluttonous than males and this species feed during spawning season .In general we can classify Southern meager as a moderate feeding rate species.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The aim of this study was comparison the effect of cow dung as organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on microbial flora, fish and human pathogenic bacteria and physico-chemical parameters of cyprinus fish pond water. The water samples were collected from two ponds, pond 1 was fertilized by cow dung and pond 2 was fertilized by chemical fertilizer, respectively from May to October 2011. . The aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were enumerated in TSA by serial dilution of the sample, followed by conventional pure plate method. Coliforms bacteria were similarly isolated on Chrom agarTM ECC. Moreover, the water samples were used to analysis of BOD, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, transparency, total alkalinity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, total nitrogen and total phosphorous. Temperature and pH were measured by thermometer and portable pH meter in place of ponds. For isolating of fish and human pathogenic bacteria, thirty six fish were collected from pond 1 from July to October and then sampled from their liver and kidney and inoculated in blood agar. The mean of total count of bacteria and total coliform count in cow dung sample were 4 × 104 ± 1200 and 4700 ± 300 CFUmL-1 respectively. The mean of water total count bacteria of pond 1 were significantly higher than the water of pond 2. The water total count bacteria of pond 1 were significantly increased in August, but water total count of pond 2 was not shown significant variation from May to October. The results showed that Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Yersinia and E.coli were isolated from water of pond 1 but just Pseudomonas and E.coli were isolated from water of pond 2. Moreover, the human pathogenic bacteria shuc as Shigella and Salmonella were not isolated from of water and fish samples from pond 1. In this study, the bacteria growths were negative in all of the inoculated plate from fish liver and kidney. The total hardness, total phosphorus, total dissolved solid and conductivity of the pond 1 water were significantly higher than the pond 2 water. But the BOD, dissolved oxygen and transparency of the pond 2 were significantly higher than the pond 1 water. There were no significant differences in the total nitrogen, total alkalinity and pH between water of pond 1 and 2. In recent years, the chemical fertilizer has been used in cyprinus fish pond but many studies have showed that they were high risked as environmental pollution. Thus, the use of livestock manure especially cow dung could be a suitable alternative. The results showed the use of cow dung increased the bacterial population and diversity. Increasing of bacteria population caused increased total phosphorus that plays an important role in bloom of plankton because we found decreasing transparency and planktons are an important food for cyprinus fish. In despite of isolation of fish and human pathogenic bacteria from water, the bacteria growths were negative in all of the inoculated plate from fish liver and kidney. In summary, it seems the cow dung is a suitable alternative for fertilizing of cyprinus fish pond water if a microbial and physico-chemical monitoring of fish and pond water were continuously arranged.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Shrimp culture and rearing industry in particular white leg shrimp species (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the major activities in the world, including Iran. The outbreaks of diseases are the main factors limiting production. Due to the adverse effects of abusing antibiotics and chemical disinfectants, disease control and prevention requires novel methods that are affordable, effective and safe for the environment and humans. For this purpose during the five months, sampling was done from three main sites of shrimp culture in Bushehr province and 150 pieces cultured white leg shrimp, 135 water and sediment samples were collected from the ponds, input and output channels by standard methods. Physicochemical parameters of water and biometry of shrimps were done and recorded. Probiotic isolation was performed by culturing samples in Tryptic soy agar and TCBS after incubation in 30º C for 24-48 h. The antimicrobial effects of culture extract of isolates were evaluated against V. harveyi with the well diffusion method and the best isolates were selected. The molecular identification of selected bacteria was performed by 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequence analysis technique. The growth kinetics of selected bacteria and effect of environmental factors on antimicrobial compound production and stability of them in salinity (1.5-5.5%) and (0-50ppt), pH (5-9) and temperature (3040º C) and (35-100º C) were studied respectively. After the determination of antibiotic resistance profiles of them, the In vivo test on the L. vannamei post larvae was performed and effect of these bacteria on growth performance, prevention of vibriosis and water quality include (ammonia, nitrate nitrite, turbidity, total bacteria and Vibrionaceae load were examined. For extraction and identification of bioactive material with anti-bacterial properties produced by selected bacteria, dialysis, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, ultraviolet spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass was performed. According to the results of this dissertation the most frequency of facultative aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria was seen in shrimp digestion tract (3.04 ± 0.75) ×105 CFU/g in September .Genus Vibrio spp. (37.88%) and Bacillus spp. (27.27%) had the most frequency respectively. Of the 198 bacterial isolates, two bacterial strains from the digestive tract and sediment which had the highest inhibition and a stability antagonistic effect on V. harveyi were selected. Based on 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequence analysis, they were identified as Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum strain IS02 (GenBank: JN856456.1) and Bacillus vallismotis IS03 (GenBank: JQ085958.1) and recorded in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). According to results of identifying bioactive material produced by selected bacteria, in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum strain IS02 did not have any band but Bacillus vallismotis IS03 had two band in 25 kDa and 34-45 kDa molecular weight which probably bacteriocin like substances and group III Bacillus bacteriocin respectively. UV spectra of selected bacteria were in the range (260-265nm) which related to peptide groups. In GC-MS the highest percent of chromatogram was belonged to pyrrolopyrazines in both of selected bacteria, which have antibacterial properties. Overall, according to results both of the selected bacteria were adapted to the ecological conditions of shrimp culture and could be used as appropriate probiotics in this industry. It is hoped that the results of this research is to produce a step towards the realization of national production of indigenous probiotic in Iran.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The project of Age, growth, feeding regime and fecundity of Kutum (Rutilus frisii Kutum) survey started in south of the Caspian Sea from 2006 to 2007. The aim of project was related to determination of length maturity (Lm50%), identification of feeding animals, and investigation some of biological aspects uncluded in sex ratio, growth and age structure in southern of the Caspian Sea. Total 2706 specimens of Kutum were surveyed. The age structure of Kutum has nine age groups that included in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 years. The result showed that maximum frequency was about 39.3 % and were belong to 4 years and minimum frequency which was about o.1 % were belong to 9 years. The maximum and minimum fork length and weight were 58 and 21cm with mean (±SD) 38.4 (± 6.4) cm; 2450 and 104g with mean (±SD) 784.2 (± 383.30) g , respectively. There are significant different between fork length and weight in male and female of Kutum at difference months (ANOVA, P〈0.05). The sex ratio of males to female was 0.65: 1 (males: females). The least and high condition factor was 1.5 in January and 2.17 in October, respectively. Length maturity (Lm50%) was 39.07cm. Minimum and maximum absolute fecundity was varied from 15713 to 130737 eggs with mean (±SD) 69961.7 (± 3836.4). Significant different was between absolute fecundity with fork length and weight (p〈0.05). Gonadosomatic index (GSI) mean for females were 2.5±0.2 (autumn) and 17± 0.2 (spring); 1.2± 0.1 (autumn) and 4.1± 0.2 (spring) for males, respectively wich coincided to spawning period. The highest feeding intensity (Gastrosomatic index) for females was 313.9 ± 65.9 in October and 119.4 ±59.2 in March; 350.7 ±103.7 in October and 144.1±85.04 in March for males, respectively. There are significant different between GSI with male anfemale in difference months (ANOVA, p〈0.05). The Bertalanffy growth equation for all populations of Kutum was L (t) = 63.92[1-e ^0.19 (t (-1.00) ]. Main prey mature of Kutum was Cerastoderma lamarki; Gastropoda and Balanus were subordinate, and Crab, Hypanis, Fish (Neogobous sp.) Algae, egg, and scale were random preys. Planktone groups comprise to Exuviaella, Nitzchia, Osillatoria, Synedra, Nematoda, Navicolla, Diatoma, Rholcosphenia were preys juvenile of Kutum. Based on ISI (Important species index), Cerastoderma lamarki and Balanus were dominant species in feeding of Kutum. As a result, growth, fecundity and length maturity of Kutum declined which may due to loss natural breeding area, overfishing (overlapping between fishing and spawning period) and artificial breeding that commenced since 1982. Hopefully, this information can be used in fisheries management.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The objective of this study was to evaluate 4 levels of feeding defined as 1.ad libitum to satiation, 2.Standard feeding (based on fish size and water temperature), 3.10% less than that of standard feeding and 4.10% more than that of standard feeding on growth, feed conversion rate (FCR) and carcass quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in 12 aerated flow-through fiber glass tanks (2500l rearing volume, n=150 fish per tank, body weight average 45 g) comprised of 3 replicates under the condition of brackish water (salinity 8.4 g/l) in Bafgh Fisheries Research Station in center of Iran. The increase in average body weight (BW) and size of fish in different feeding groups was significantly different (P〈0.01) during the experiment (101 days) and the highest average BW and size increase occurred in the group fed ad libitum to satiation. On the contrary, FCR (average±SE: 1.27±0.09) in this group was statistically lower than that of the other groups (P〈0.01). The chemical composition of carcass was significantly influenced by the level of feeding (P〈0.01) and the percent of moisture, crude protein and ash was the lowest in the group fed ad libitum to satiation while the crude fat percent in this group was the highest of all. According to the results obtained in this study, an ad libitum feeding regime is suggested for rainbow trout production in fish culture systems of central desert regions in Iran under the condition of brackish water. However, further investigations are needed to draw firm conclusions, especially in earth pond cultures with different conditions, enriched in live food.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this study monoculture of roach (Rurilus rutilus caspicus) in freshwater and brackish water with 3 stocking densities as 10000, 15000, and 20000 specimens per hectare with 3 replications each carried out from the beginning of May till October 2001. Moreover, in order to, compare cultivation of roach in freshwater with brackish water another density of 10000 specimens per hectare with 3 replication also took place. Fingerlings from the Sijoval cultivation Center were stocked in a pond for wintering and after preparation of rearing ponds in second year were introduced to the pond according to appropriate and calculated stocking density. Fingerlings were fed by concentrated food which is given to white fish for feeding (SFK) up to 30 g in weight of fingerlings. Feeding calculation based on percentage of body weight varied from 5 to 15 % of body weight. Moreover, appetite of fish also considered for feeding the fingerlings. Average weight and length in the first year from hatching time up to the end of rearing period were 5.55±1.58 g and 8.57±1.02 cm. Results indicate that in the second year and in the different stocking density the average weight and length at the end of cultivation period with minimum treatment were 56.68±16.5 g and 16.79±1.21 cm respectively. In maximum stocking density the mean average length was 16.74±1.23 cm and mean average weight was 55.33±16.5. In order to compare cultivation of roach in freshwater with brackish water another stocking density of 10000 specimens per hectare with 3 replications also took place in this study. Fingerlings with average weight of 6.5±1.82 g and average length of 9.5±1.24 cm were introduced to the ponds. At the end of rearing period average final weight was 48.53±9.41 g with average length of 15.15±1.08 cm. Average daily growth in freshwater treatment from the minimum to the maximum stocking density was 0.22, 0.26, and 0.23 respectively. In brackish water replication the average daily growth was 0.22. FCR in the freshwater treatment from the minimum to the maximum stocking density was 4.4, 4.46, and 4.4 respectively and in brackish water it was 3.14. Average condition factor in freshwater was from 2.41 in the second treatment to 2.69 in the first treatment and 2.56 in the third treatment. The average value CF in brackish water was 1.39. Survival rate in the freshwater treatment from the minimum to the maximum stocking density was 85.41, 82.21, and 82.76 % respectively and in brackish water it was 88.73.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The Caspian Sea is an important source of water in terms of having valuable resources of sturgeon and bony fish is taken into consideration roach(Rutilus rutilus caspicus (L.)) is one of the most important commercial species in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in Iran , the catch of this species has declined substantially in the last 10 years, The management and exploitation need of comprehensive review of its biology .This study as part of a comprehensive study of feeding , spawning and growth of this species.In this study, using samples caught in beach seine along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea coastal ( Iranian waters ) took place. The fork length and total weight ranged between 12.5 to29.5(cm) and 29 to293( grm),10.5 to23(cm) and17.2 to21(grm) in Golestan and Gilan Province respectively. The b value of the length-weight relationship ranged 3.02 to 3.25 and 3.28 to 3.75 for female and male, in Golestan and Gilan Province respectively. The age composition of the catch was from 1 to 4 year in both Province, there was one spawning peak and Fecundity variations were high and ranged 7260 to 231965 eggs. Average growth in length was described with the Von Bertalanffy growth model: L (t) = 30.94(1-exp (0.42(t-0.18) and L (t) = 20.49(1-exp (0.53(t-1). The percent of empty stomach and prey dominant evaluated during different seasons by specific formula. Result showed that gastropod, Polychaete worms and molluscs were dominated and specific food items respectively. Shrimp, fish, insects, zooplankton and clams were scare of prey.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Bioaccumulation of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in muscle tissue and organs (gills, liver, kidney and stomach) in A. persicus was studied in the ‘Iranian fishery zone 1’ lying between Astara (48? and 52' east longitude and 38? and 26' north latitude) and Kiyahshahr (49? and 53' east longitude and 37? and 27' north latitude). Samples were collected from five catch stations in the study area during the autumn catch season in 2001. A section of pectoral fin ray was removed for age determination. Samples were analyzed by wet digestion with hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid). Analyses were testified using spike method. A sample of cow liver (CMR 185R) was also tested to ascertain reliability of analyses. Digested samples were analyzed chemically using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Varian spectra). Statistical analysis of results was carried out using ANOVA, Duncan’s test and test of clusters to determine differences between the mean concentrations of metals in terms of tissue, sex and region. The bioaccumulation pattern for Zn in different tissues studied was stomach〉liver〉kidney〉gills〉muscle tissue. Mean concentrations for Zn in the stomach was 136.6 ± 10.70 µg g -1 dry weight and belonged to a separate group as compared with other tissues (sig. Level 0.0000, F=26.6). However no significant differences were observed in the concentration of Zn in terms of other factors (sex, age, catch station). Cu with the maximum concentration of 39.71 ± 8.85 µg g -1 dry weight in liver showed a bioaccumulation pattern of liver〉kidney〉stomach〉gills〉muscle tissue. On the basis of Tukey test liver belongs to a separate group in terms of Cu concentrations. The bioaccumulation pattern for Pb was determined as gills〉liver〉kidney〉stomach〉muscle tissue. Maximum mean concentrations of Pb 6.87 ± 2.25 µg g -1 dry weight belonged to gills. According to Tukey test significant differences were observed among the various tissues studied regarding concentrations of Pb. Bioaccumulation pattern for Cd in the different organs studied in A. persicus was kidney〉liver〉gills〉stomach〉muscle tissue. Maximum mean concentration of 5.1 ± 0.97 µg g -1 dry weight belonged to kidneys and the minimum mean concentration of 0.05 ± 0.007 µg g -1 dry weight belonged to muscle tissue. On the basis of international standards the concentrations of Cd in muscle tissue are lower than the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) for this metal for human consumption. Concentrations for Cd are lower than MAC in some organs and are higher than MAC in other organs studied. The observed concentrations do not pose health problems as these organs are not used for human consumption. However they may cause problems in terms of histology and physiology and need to be studied further. The accumulation pattern for metals in sediment samples in the study regions was Zn〉Pb〉Cu〉Cd. The concentrations for metals determined in sediment samples collected at 10 and 15 m depths in the present study are lower than levels that are considered harmful to the environment.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Cheshmehkileh River and adjacent mountainous streams, play a strategic role as a historical axis for anthropogenic civilization, human welfare also habitat and migration pathway of commercial – biologic valuable fishes e.g. Caspian trout, Caspian kuttum, members of Cyprinidae family in south Caspian Sea drainage. Treats such as overfishing of Caspian trout and Red spotted trout stocks in mountainous headwaters, barriers construction and manipulations those are out of river carrying capacity developed by human activities, affected normal function of river as well. Sand mining big factories establishment next to the river, legal and illegal trade of river sediments, direct entry of Tonekabon landfill leakage into the river, development of Rainbow trout farms since 3 decades and huge effluents into the river containing dead fish and types of solids, escapement of cultured Rainbow trouts into the river, … are major minimum factors which needs basic information for integrating inclusively drainage management system. Cheshmehkileh River contains Headwaters of Dohezar (Daryasar & Nusha), Sehezar and Valamroud rivers during 13 monthly sampling phases between September 2009 and October 2010 based on macrozoobenthoses investigations by EPT, EPT/C EPA protocols, measurements of nominated physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters. Probability of Rainbow trouts escapement and invasion, existence, nutrition in Cheshmehkileh environment indeed investigated. Data analysis explained significant differences (P〈0.05) between groups of measured parameters in different sampling stations. Dendogram of clustered analysis based on consolidation of major biologic/ physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters, separated stations No. 1, 3, 2, 4 in one group and remained classified in different groups. Station 8 and 9 similarly separated which expressed general similarities according to Sehezar river environment which were differs in comparison with other stations. Station 11 separated according to its natural quality of water and environment. Similarities between station 10 to Sehezar river stations 8 and 9 expressed general influence of Sehezar River more than Dohezar River in Cheshmehkileh condition especially in station No. 10. High scores of EPT and EPT/C indices in upstream stations 1, 3 and 8 also low score of indices in stations 7, 13 and 6 expressed levels of environment quality between these groups of stations. Maximum average biomass of macroinvertebrates belongs to Trichoptera order in Cheshmehkileh River. Significant decrease of biomass in stations 11, 12 and 13 in comparison with other stations stated environment degradation in mentioned stations relevant to excessive sand mining as well. Pollution resistant groups of invertebrates significantly increased in downstreams against upstream stations. Also disappearing of Plecoptera order in station No. 7, 9, 10 and 13 stated low quality of environment in comparison with upstream stations. Confirmation of effects quality and quantity for point and non-point sources of imported pollutants require specific management considerations in order to present exploitations, pollutants control and emergencies for river monitoring in forthcoming years.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In order to determination of feeding requierments, in first step hole bady analysis and some biological characteriestis of Barbus sharpyie was investigated in khouzestan provience in 2001-2004. In this study 413 benni (Barbus sharpyie) in length size range (30 to 440 mm) were caught from different resources in region (mainly Shadegan and Horalazim wet lands) Fishes were classified in different length groups for carcasse analysis, The highest protein was observed in (30 to 95 mm) and (100-140 mm) length size groups, and also the rate of protein decrease with Length increase The lowest lipid (body fat) rate was observed in (100-149 mm) length size group and also with decreasing the protein in length groups, lipid was increased in Benni (Barbus sharpeyi) body. The maximum rate of body ash was measured in (30-95 mm) length size group, after this with increasing of the length, the rate of ash decreased gradually, so the minimum ash rate was observed in (30-440 mm) length zise group. Phas phorous and calcium variations were the same as ash changing the maximum energy was obtained in (250-350 mm). That was in harmony with increasing in this length groupe. Falty acids in Benni bady were higher then X-3 and were similar to falty acids profiles in carp fishes bady Benni protain in cludes Essential amino acids, Arginine, Histidine, Iucine, Methionine, Valine, Phenylalanine, theronine, Lysine, that were the same in different individual. Regarding length weight relation. Benni growth is Allometric and regarding stomach contents and increasing of gut length Index in different length size groups, its feeding habits is herbivorous .

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Study and recognition of the Quanat water of Rafsanjan, Sirjan and Ravar cities has been beginning since the November of 2004. Among 228 Quanat chains were studied in these cities, 165 quanat chains had a discharg more that 10 liter per second (L/Se) which were sampled. In this research oxygen, pH, discharg, water temperature and air temperature were measured in two times and in the local place. Height from the sea level, longitude and latitude were measured (by GPS Machine) in one time and in the local place and other physical and chemical factors including No2, No3, Co2, total hardness, NH3 and So4 were measured one time in the laboratory. In this manner, the condition of connection ways of considered Quanat with city was studied. With examination on the Quanat water in above said cities, all of Quant was within desired extents for aquaculture activities. Moreover in some of them, water temperature was higher than 20 degree centigrade that with some changes and in specific months can be used in aquaculture.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Golestan coast at south of Caspian Sea is the most important aquasystems, because of its relation to lagoon, bay and fresh water rivers and of its role in life cycle of bony fishes. The study of heavy metals, as a kind of chemical and environmental pollution is an essential program; because, they accumulated in the aquatic environment and human food chain that cause ecological damages. In this study, we determine the concentration of four heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb) in some most consumed fishes, such as Liza auratus, Cyprinus carpio and Rutilus frisii kutum in winter, spring and summer seasons locating at 11 sites (west and east coast, Gomishan Lagoon and Gorgan Bay). The fishes which were caught from the mentioned areas after biometry, immediately freezed and transferred to laboratory for further analyses. Then, water and sediment samples were acid digested and assessed for determination of Cadmium, Lead, Zinc and Chromium levels using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The results showed that the highest concentration of Lead (214.83 ppb) was related to Gomishan Lagoon and the lowest Chromium level (28.83 ppb) was observed in the water specimens sampled from east coast in winter. Otherwise, the highest concentration of Zinc (300.7 ppb) was found in sediment specimens sampled from Gomishan in summer and the lowest concentration of Cadmium (12.7 ppb) in Gorgan Bay in summer. According to the results, the concentrations of heavy metals in liver tissues excised from fishes were higher than that in muscle tissues. Also, there was significant differences were observed between Chromium concentrations in muscle tissue of Cyprinus carpio with sex but there was not for other fish. In this investigation, we found a positive liner relationship between accumulation lead with age for Rutilus frisii kutum. On the other hand, no significant relationship was found between accumulations of heavy metals with age for other fish. Comparison of the resulted mean concentrations of heavy metals with international standards (WHO, UK (MAFF), NHMRC), showed lower concentrations in liver and muscle tissues of sampled fishes.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this research in order to assess the possibility of antioxidant effects in quality protection and increase the shelf alife of fish burgers, ascorbic acid as a antioxidant by natural source used in raw uncoated fish burgers and in order to comparison by vacuum packaging, 3 treatments of uncoated fish burgers produced from cultivated silver carp: 1- burgers by common packaging (control) 2- burgers by vacunm packaging 3- burgers by 500ppm Ascorbic acid. Also in order to comparison BHA+BHT antioxidants (that have synergistic effects to each other) effect by vacuum packaging to prevention of lipid oxidation in semi-fried fish burgers 3 other treatments produced too: 1- burgers by common packaging (control) 2- burgers by vacunm packaging 3-burgers by 200 ppm BHA+BHT antioxidants comparatively to fats of product. All of the burgers after production and freezing conserved in -18°c for 6 months (Raw uncoated burgers) and one year (Semi-fried coated burgers). During the storage period chemical, microbiological, and organoleptic tests were down by three repetition monthly. Although peroxide value in raw uncoated fish burgers were higher than standard range even from first month but it seems this factor is not suitable for quality evaluation of uncoated raw fish burgers. Evaluation of TBA index in raw uncoated fish burgers during storage time showed at the end of storage period TBA index for control, vacuum and ascorbic acid treatments were 6.31, 4.76 and 1.29 mg malonaldehyde/kg respectively and taste scores were 5.11, 5.42 and 6.16 respectively. Results indicate the positive effects of ascorbic acid to prevention of lipid oxidation. By attention to TVN, TBA and organoleptic tests 4 mounths for treatments without ascorbic acid by vacuum packaging preference and 6 months shelf life for ascorbic acid treatment have suggested in -18°c temperature. For semi fried fish burger 28 prevention effect for lipid oxidation but vacuum packaging had 32 (without significantly difference,P〉0.05). so we can for %BHA+BHT treatment this property was recommend the use of vacuum packaging instead of antioxidant treatment. By attention to TVN, pH, PV, TBA and microbiological and organoleptic tests we can suggest the 8 months for shelf life time of semi fried fish burgers. In this product TVN was the only limitation factor and exeeded from standard range at 9th month of maintenance.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The phytoplankton, zooplankton, Macrobenthos and ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi with Physico-chemical parameters and pollutants of water were investigated in the Caspian Sea during 2007-2008. The sample station located between 48°to° 54° longitude and 36° to 39° latitude. The samples were gathered in four seasons and eight transects (half-line perpendicular to the coast) in Astara, Anzali, Sefidrud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Turkmen. Sampling was done of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100M depth of different layers. Nonparametric test and multivariate analysis (PCA) were used for statistical methods. Physico-chemical factors: The results showed that the changes of physico-chemical factors, includes: water temperature, salinity, organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen (ammonium) are most important than other factors. The lowest sea surface water temperature was recorded in winter (7.2 oC) and highest in summer (29.8 oC) (p〈0.05). However, there was not significant difference at 50 and 100m depths in different seasons (p〉0.05). The lowest salinity was recorded in winter (10.42±0.14ppt) (p〈0.05) and the rest of the seasons, there was not significant difference (p〉0.05). The most inorganic nitrogen was determined (ammonium ion: 40.8±2 µg.l-1) in winter and the highest organic nitrogen (660.6±92 µg.l-1) in summer (p〈0.05). The concentration of inorganic nitrogen was evident from the surface layer to a depth of 100 meters (p〈0.05), but this trend was not observed in inorganic nitrogen (p〉0.05).The maximum concentrations of total nitrogen were measured at the near-shore stations (640.6±28 µg.l-1). The annual average water transparency was 4.91±0.24 m and increased in away from the beach (p〈0.05). Phytoplankton: in total, 191 species of phytoplankton were identified. The phylum of phytoplankton include: Bacillariophyta with 97 species (50.8%), Chlorophyta with 28 species (14.7%), Pyrrophyta with 26 species (13.6%), Cyanophyta with 25 species (13.1%) and Euglenophyta with 15 species (7.9%). Bacillariophyta and Euglenaphyta were had the most (51.49%) and the lowest (0.39%) abundance respectively. Nevertheless, Pyrrophyta and Chlorophyta were having the most (53.14%) and the lowest (0.54%) biomass respectively. Mean abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the photic and the aphotic layers were a significant difference (p〈0.05). The average abundance and biomass decreased with increasing depth (p〈0.05). The most abundant and biomass phytoplankton was determined in the photic layer. Abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the different seasons have been significant differences (p〈0.05).The most abundance of phytoplankton was in winter, fall, summer and spring respectively (p〈0.05) and the most biomass of phytoplankton was in winter, fall, spring and summer respectively (p〈0.05). Zooplankton: Also, 14 species of zooplankton include: 2 species of Copepoda, 5 species of Rotatoria, 2 species of Protozoa, 3 species of Cladocera, 2 species of newborn and larvae of Balanus and larvae of Bivalvia from meroplankton group were identified. However, the dominant zooplankton population was divided into three groups of copepoda, Rotatoria and meroplankton. Mean abundance and biomass of zooplankton in different seasons and layers showed significant different (p〈0.05). The most abundance and biomass of them in winter and the photic layer was determined. The mean abundance of Rotifera, Cladocera and protozoa in different depth was having not significant differences (p〉0.05). However, there was significantly in other groups (p〈0.05). The most abundance of them was in photic layer. Ctenophore: Average abundance and biomass of Mnemiopsis leidyiwere recorded 63±7 ind.m-3 and 7.70±2.34 g.m-3, respectively. The maximum seasonal average of abundance was 150 ± 17 ind.m-3 while the maximum biomass was 26.59± 4.61 g.m-3 in summer (p〈0.05). The lowest seasonal average of M. leidyi abundance and biomass were in the winter (6±2 ind.m-3 and 0.07±0.02 g.m-3, respectively) (p〈0.05).The average annual abundance and biomass of ctenophore were not significant difference in the 8 transects (p〉0.05). The maximum of ctenophore abundance and biomass were belonged to the depth of low than 20m (p〈0.05). The maximum of ctenophore abundance and biomass were recorded in the 5m depth of Anzali with 639 ind.m-3 and 158 g.m-3, respectively. Results of biological and non-biological factors showed that significant changes between euphotic and aphotic layers (p〈0.05).There were the most seasonal changes in the euphotic layer. The results showed that the presence of ctenophore is highly related to the presence of the zooplankton and phytoplankton and some non-biological factors. The water temperature is a limiting factor in the ctenophore Fluctuation at the winter, because of food presence (phytoplankton, zooplankton and Nutrients), M. leidyi have had the lowest abundance. Macrobenthos: Three phyla of macrobenthos (arthropoda, annelida and mollusca) include: 5 classes (crustacea, insecta, polycheata, oligocheata and bivalvia), 8 orders, 11 families, 26 genera and 24 species were identified. The most abundance and biomass of orders in the different seasons were belonged to polycheata (annual average: 2452±258 g.m-2) and bivalvia (annual average: 25±6 g.m-2), respectively. Macrobenthic abundance in all orders except insecta and oligocheata in different seasons was significant difference. The amount of seabed total organic mater (TOM) from the 5m to 100m stations was with an increasing trend and the highest percentage had in the 50m and 100m stations (P〈0.05). The percentage of seabed TOM was not significant difference in the different transect (P〈0.05). However, seabed grain size had significant difference (P〈0.05) and seabed grain size from the 5m to 100m stations was with a decrease trend in the size (P〈0.05). Macrobenthos and physicochemical parameters of correlation matrix showed that macrobenthos abundance in the between parameters have a positive correlation with TOM. However, it biomass with pH (positive), inorganic phosphorus (positive) and organic phosphorus (negative) have a correlation. Heavy metals: The levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) of water had lower than standard and acceptable for aquatic life. Significant accumulation of metals such as Co, Cu and Cr in the sediment was observed at transect Sefidrud and Anzali and Ni at transects Sefidrud and Astara in comparison with six other transects (P〈0.05). Petroleum compounds (16PAHs): Concentration levels changes of petroleum compounds in seawater in different seasons was significant (P〈0.05) and in seasons of spring, summer, fall and winter was 56.5, 9.3, 14.9 and 19.3 of percent respectively. However, the concentration values in sediments of the sea in different seasons and transects were not significant difference. Maximum concentrations in summer and in Astara transects (8.02 mg.kg-1) were determined. In correlation matrix, observed positive correlation between petroleum compounds and Cr, Ni and Pb in sediments of seabed and between petroleum compounds and Zn in seawater. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs): The OCPs concentration of seawater in different seasons had significant difference (p〈0.05). The pesticides groups of DDT, BHC, Drin and Endosulfan in seawater in different seasons had significant difference (p〈0.05), but, it was not found in Heptachlor group (p〉0.05). The maximum concentration values of OCPs in all groups in seawater were determined in winter (99%) (p〈0.05). The seawater OCPs concentration in comparison of regional and stations were not had significant differences (p〉0.05). The only DDT group in the seabed sediment had significant difference in different seasons (P〈0.05) and the maximum of seasonal average, it was determined in summer (Average: 0.88±062 mg.Kg-1 and Max: 4.5 mg.Kg1). However, in comparison of regional were not had significant differences (p〉0.05). In correlation matrix, the groups of Endosolfan and Drins in seawater and sediment were had equal variance and the changes were included. There was high correlation of between Endosulfan and Drin with DDT group in seawater and with Heptachlor group in the sediment of seabed. Surfactant: Mean surfactant concentration (LAS) between different seasons had significant difference (P〈0.05). The maximum concentrations of LAS were in spring and summer (Anzali transect) was 0.084 mg.l-1 and 0.082 mg.l-1, respectively. Also, average concentrations in the spring: 0.06±0.003 mg.l-1, summer: 0.059±0.004 mg.l-1, winter: 0.042±0.003 mg.l-1 and fall: 0.031 ± 0.013 mg.l-1 was determined. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the study area and station (p〉0.05). Based on existing standards, Surfactant concentration in the southern Caspian Sea region was not critical.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This research was conducted to finding of Cheshmeh-Ali and Shahcheraghi-Dam downstream areas potential for developing of aquaculture industry. The present study was conducted based on available information and data from monthly and seasonally sampling including geographical area, margin lands and fluctuations of river water, seasonal climatic changes view point of rainfall, temperature, wet, evaporation, wind velocity, sunshine hours, frost and also chemical and physical parameters of water including temperature, alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, organic phosphorous and nitrogen, suspended solids, turbidity, water flow and flood conditions, and in addition phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, macrobenthic invertebrates, fishes, aquatic plants, amphibians, reptiles, birds. Results showed that the upstream and downstream regions of Shahcheraghi dam are not suitable for warm water aquaculture in earthen ponds. But view point of cold-water aquaculture, particularly trout, there are some good situations. Also it can be suggested different culture systems including of race way, octagonal concrete ponds, semi-circulation and circulation methods. But, due to water restrictions in the area, semi-circulation and circulation system is preferred. In ideal conditions can be produced about 1,600 tones of trout, if all the capacity of this area be used for aquaculture. Otherwise, in limited circumstances view point of exploitation possibility of the water, only about 700 tons can be produced. In addition, there were appropriate facilities in spring area of Cheshmehali for tourism industry, that it can be considered as priorities for economic development in the region. Due to the low sensitivity of the ecologically conditions, native or exotic aquatic species rearing in indoor methods can be recommended.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Sea is one the great resources of food stuffs, chemicals and industrial materials, shrimp, crab, lobster because of good taste and lots of protein and minerals are very worthy.....

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Low hatching artemia cysts which has no use in the aquaculture can be decapsulated and directly use in larvae culture. In order to increase the knowledge of consumers to know the quality changes of low hatching decapsulated cysts during storage after production (especially fatty acids ) this research was carried out. In this work Low hatching cysts of artemia urmiana had decapsulated with sodium hypochlorite and other chemicals. We used drying room and f.b.d system for drying of this decapsulated cysts and package units had used for packing this product to cans. We had three experimental treatments of dry decapsulated cysts (3 type packing including vaccumed cans and free (plastic dishes). These treatment were evaluated at different times (comparing of before produce, after produce , 3, 6 and 12 months keeping after production ) such as fatty acids , fatty percent , protein percent , bacterial and fungal contamination and presence of aflatoxin the result of fatty acids using one way anova analysis showed that the variation of half of fatty acids specially DHA and EPA were significant ( p 〈 0.05 ) . Fatty percentage increased and protein was decreased about 12-15% during the one year storage we separated two species of bacteria and two species of fungi but they had no pathogenic bacterial and fungal. During 6 months storage the quality of products have less variation compared whit 12 months.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The Caspian Sea is the biggest lacustrine water source. Common carp is very important commercially in south coastal line of Iranian Caspian Sea waters, especially in east coastal line, because eighty percent annual catch of this species has been caught in this area in particular. Despite the common carp importance and value in Iran, but there is a little information about its biology in natural system. This study is comprehensive research on reproduction, growth and feeding. The specimens were caught by beach seine net in coastal line of Iranian waters. The fork length ranged between 5.6 and 2866.2 g. The b value of the length-weight relationship ranged from 2.843 to 2.924 for female and male, respectively. The age composition of the specimens was from 1 to 11 year. The gonadosomatic ratio (GSR) changed from 2 to 12. There were two peaks of GSR in April and December, so that the latter peak was much shorter than the first that. Fecundity variations were high and ranged 77448 to 430745 eggs. It observed linear significant correlation in fecundity- weight (r=0.98) and fecundity-length (r=0.88) relationships. Average growth in length was described with the Von Bertalanffy growth model: L (t) = 60.5(1-exp (0.19(t-0.65). The percent of empty stomach and prey dominant evaluated during different seasons by specific formula result showed that in Cyprinus carpio prey Molluscs was dominated and specific food items. Empty stomachs in winter and spring were higher and lower, respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Chitin and chitosan are 2 very important products of biopolymer that enjoy high consumption in industry, but their production sources are very limited. In this study, Artemia urmiana cyst shells were obtained from previously collected and stored ones in Iranian Artemia Research Center. 20 kg of Artemia urmiana cyst shells were sampled, cleaned, separated, dried and transferred to Iranian Artemia Research Center Laboratory to extract their Chitin and chitosan. Their chitin and chitosan initially were extracted using optimized common chemical methods. Their properties were compared to 2 other types of Chitin and chitosan obtained from crab and shrimp manufactured by Vietnam and China, respectively. To determine their quality, elemental analysis device , infrared spectrophotometry, x –ray radiography , determination of viscosity , molecular weight, crystallinity percent , color, de stylization measure , empirical and molecular formulas were made . The results showed that the percentage of chitin obtained from Artemia cyst Shells in Chemical method was 28 ± 3 % by weight and efficiency into chitosan (grade steel relief) in this method was 50 ± 5 %. To optimize the extraction procedure and the removal of proteins of chitin by biological practices that were done by sodium hydroxide in the chemical method, it was replaced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. And in the bio- phase of chitosan de steelation fungus Aspergillus niger enzyme was replaced instead of sodium hydroxide at high temperatures. The results showed that chitin and chitosan can be extracted from Artemia cyst shell using biological method and their characteristics included as in chitin49.6% C , 8.2 % N , 7.5 % H, and 34.5 % O . Also the same levels for chitosan were 44.4 %, 8.9, 7.2 and 39.5 %, respectively. Their other quality characteristics were included chitin average molecular weight 4.9 × 10 6 Dalton , crystallinity percentage of 36.4 , viscosity at 20 ° C 31 centipoise and its color was gray to brown . In the biologic method, the average molecular weight of chitosan, crystallinity percentage, viscosity at 20 ° C, were 5.1 × 105 Dalton, 94.5, and 18 centipoises, respectively. Also, its color was pale brown. Chemical structure of extracted chitin and chitosan from the shell of Artemia urmiana cysts were C_7H_12NO_4 and C_6H_11 NO_4c , respectively . The comparison of chitin and chitosan obtained from each chemical and biological method revealed that replacing biological methods instead of chemical methods is possible in achieving these products at suitable condition and better quality . This can eliminate the use of chemicals damaging the environment such as sodium hydroxide and decrease environmental pollution.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Use and enrichment of live food resource in fish farms have been interested and highly demanded. Crustacean are one of the important groups. The Pontogammarus maeoticus dominated in southern Caspian Sea shore with a high abundance. This study was designed in order to adaptation and usage of amphipoda in fish culture ponds. The first part have been surveyed the laboratory experiments including of; to increasing and developing of P.maeoticus in 200 litter container, the effects of salinity on growth and survival of amphipods in many aquariums, the culture of common carp with amphipods and growth determination of them. Chemical composition analysis of P.maeoticus and carps fed by amphipods in compare to cultured carps from ordinary ponds. Due to concern about common healthy the heavy metal concentration has been measured in P. maeoticus, carp which were fed by amphipods and the cultured carps in earth ponds. In second phase; the adaptation of two amphipods species, P. maeoticus and Obesogammarus acuminatus was studied in fish ponds where some cages with sandy soft substrate had been provided for amphipoda replacement. Also a small surface of ponds surrounded by net and covered by Azola plant, a habitat suitable for to putting of O. acuminatus. Production of amphipoda had not the successfully results in large tanks. Aquariums with Caspian sea water had the prosper results where the specimens were breeding and developing properly, even though in some aquarium with freshwater increased the amphipods number. The chemical composition had not significant difference between two kind of cultured carps while the organic component in amphipoda had a high quality. The better quality of cultured carp by amphipod diet have been confirmed by organoleptic test. The results of heavy metal measurement in amphipoda showed a high concentration which some of them were transmitted to cultured carps. Result of amphipoda replacement in cage was not satisfy and the specimens were died after some days. According to hydro-chemical parameters the oxygen poorness and high trophy levels were the affective factor to abolish of specimens in cages. It seems that there are many type of P.maeoticus that can be adapted in different salinities. The molecular differentiation should be investigated to choose the suitable type of this spices for utilization in freshwater fish ponds. In other hand it can be used in fish culture ponds that will be supplied by brackish water.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Survy on some quality and quantity factors on Strugeon fry has been conducted at two ratcheries in cluding Shaiid Marjany and Voshmgear Sad from may to late July for the years 2000 to 2001. Of 64 , 15 and 2 ponds have been randomly collected in 2000 for Voshmgear sad and Shaiid Marjany respectively.In 2001, 17 and 5 out of 65 ponds were collected for the former and latter ones respectively. The items for the quality investigation included : 1- inspection of fry disease 2- inspection of physical and chemical factors for ponds 3- inspection of phytoplankton. Quality investigation was related to count the fry during releasing, growth coefficient and condition factor. No disease was observed for fry in Shaiid Marjany hatcheries Based on 210 and 372 fish examined in 2000 and 2001respectively. In 2000, of 953 fry specimen examined in Voshmgear Sad ,36.1% was infected to Tricodina parasite and 16.4% out of the total 1196 specimen examined in 2001, followed by Jearodactylous parasite.In relation to physical and chemical factors, the average temperature of water was higher than the opitimal one for both hatcheries. Transparency was low wherease NO3 , NO2 and aurtophofat was in optimum condition..It was indicated that phytoplanktons belonging to Clorophyta phylum constituted the highest value in terms of biomass , followed by Clorophyta and cyanophyta Ones. The highest abundance was related to pediastrum , cholorella and scenedesmus genouses. It was the same for Shaiid Margany hatchenes. Quality investigations showed that Voshmgear and Shaiid Marjany hatcheries accounted for 836% and 16.4% of the total provience production in 2000. It indicated 59% and 40.36% for the hatcheries respectively in 2001. In 2000, high and low proudction of voshmgear Sad was as 84.4% and 3.8 which was related to Acipenser persicvs borodine , Acipenser guldenstadti brondt respecively. In 2001 , These amounts were as 98% and 0.5% for these species respectively.The highest value of releasing for fish below 3g belonged to to Acipenser persicvs borodine species which was as 76% and 63% in 2000 and 2001 respectively. In 2000 , the hishest and lowest level of proudction at Sahiid Marjany hatcheries was related to Acipenser guldenstadti brondt and Acipenser persicvs borodine species with values of 35.6% and 29.28% respectively. Acipenser persicvs borodine species accounted for 83.5% of the toal fish below 3g, indicating the lowest value in 380 and Acipenser persicus borodine , Huso huso constituted the highest (71%) and lowest (8%) production .The highest level of releasing for fiy (below 39 g) was related to Acipenser persicus borodine species (23.8%).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In the changing environmental of the Caspian Sea specifically pelagic zone following the introduction of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi has been continued ,particularly kilka catch ,biological characteristic and feeding . In this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions ( where discharged theirs catch) in three ports Babolsar ,Amirabad (in Mazandaran) and Anzali (in Guilan ), estimated catch and catch per unit effort , the age structure of catch ,length- weight relationship , von Bertalanffy growth parameters , condition factor ,sex ratios ,maturity stags ,age at first capture and spawning and feeding .The result shown that catch of kilka in Iranian coastal in 2006 decreased from 22300 ton to 16700 ton in 2008.But CPUE increased from1.7 ton (Vessel ×Night) to 2.5 ton at that time due to dropped effort .The length frequency of kilka is close and the juvenile fish did not see in catch as increased the length mean (P〉0.000).The age frequency had the same situation as fish low than 2 years did not see for anchovy and bigeye ,so collapse juvenile stock cause poor recruitment in the species .The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve were For common kilka L∞= 136.5mm k= 0.249y t0= 1.890y Q= 3.883; For bigeye kilka L∞= 131.7mm k= 0.346 t0= 1.123y Q= 3.688; And for anchovy kilka L∞= 148mm k= 0.375 t0= 1.243y Q= 3.814 The exploitation rate of anchovy, bigeye and common kilka were 0.51, 0.58 and 0.6 respectively. The highest of GSI recorded in May and March for common and bigeye and in Jul, Nov for anchovy kilka .Main prey was Acartia tonsa by anchovy and common kilka and Cypris balanus by bigeye kilka. We concluded that the ecological problem causes by Mnemiopsis leidyi as well as overfishing has been collapsed kilka stocks, particularly anchvy.so sustainable fisheries management and conservation biodiversity in the Caspian Sea are real challenges now.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The concentration of serum immunoglobulin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and(Ctenopharyngodon idella)was measured by Immunoelectrophoresis. Serum total protein, also called plasma total protein or total protein, is a biochemical test for measuring the total amount of protein in blood plasma or serum. Protein in the plasma is made up of albumin and globulin. The globulin in turn is made up of α1, α2, β, and γ globulins. These fractions can be quantities using protein electrophoresis, but the total protein test is a faster and cheaper test that estimates the total of all fractions together. The traditional method for measuring total protein uses the biuret reagent, but other chemical methods such as Kjeldahl method, dye-binding and Refractometer are now available. The measurement is usually performed on automated analyzer salong with other laboratory tests. The normal IgM concentration was 3.3 mg ml in a group of free-living trout. While the IgM concentration was low in sera from fish living under aquarium conations. In visual variations were very pronounced. The purity of reference preparations and the specificity of anti sera used were examined by crossed Immunoelectrophoresis. Fish respond to antigenic stimulation by the production of immunoglobulin. So far only one immunoglobulin class is known to occur in teleosts, the characteristics of the class being rather similar to those of mammalian IgM. The molecule is a tetramers consisting of a basic structure of 8 light chains and 8 heavy chains (same molecular weight as the p-chains of mammals) (Acton et al. 1971, Etuis 1982). The molecular weight of the whole molecule is about 700 000 Daltons (13 to 16 S). Most studies concerning the humoral immune response in teleosts have dealt with aracteristics of the immune response elicited by known antigens. Only in a few cases has the concentration of total immunoglobulin been measured. Estimates of total immunoglobulin have been made in serum from (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and (Ctenopharyngodon idella) carp and goldfish (Vilain et al. 1984), carp (Richter et al. 1973), brown trout (Ingram & Alexander 1979) and certain salt-water fish (Fidler et al. 1969, Acton et al. 1971, Legler et al. 1971). Estimates of total IgM in serum from rainbow trout Salmo gairdnen have not, to our knowledge, been published so far.Serum. Blood samples were obtained by puncture of the caudal vein of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and(Ctenopharyngodon idella)After clotting overnight at 4 "C the blood was centrifuged at 1000 g for 15 min to obtain serum. The sera were stored at -20 "C until examined. Total serum protein. Protein concentration in (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and(Ctenopharyngodon idella) sera was estimated by means of the Biuret method(Richtenich 1971). Antiserum to IgM : The monospecificity of the rabbit antiserum to rainbow trout IgM was indicated by the appearance of only one precipitation Line when the antiserum was reacted against normal trout serum in crossed Immunoelectrophoresis (Fig. 1). The purity of the IgM preparation which was used as reference IgM in connection with IgM quantification is illustrated in Fig. 2a. It appears that only one precipitation line developed when the preparation was reacted against antiserum to trout serum in crossed Immunoelectrophoresis. Fig. 2b illustrates the multi specificity of the rabbit antiserum to trout serum used.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Intensive culture of rainbow trout, usually done using several different methods.The objective of this study was to compare fish performance and welfare in a new design of Foster-lucas ponds (FLP) and a raceway ponds (RP) under field conditions. Currennt study was designed in two treatment with three repeats. Each pond was randomly stocked by rainbow trout fish with initial average weight of approximately 51±5 g. Stocking density was 120n/m3 during study. After 10 months of trial, fish fed diets with comertial diet (Chineh Company). Feeding operation conducted according to the manuals by consideration of water temprature, fish waight and biomas. During the 10 months experiment, the fish survival rate was high (97.39 and 98.05%). No significant differences in growth parametres were observed between RP and FLP, but in all parametres FLP was higher than RP Final weight was 0.99% higher in FLP than in RP. Water quality factors (Dissolved oxygen, PH) was better in FLP. The results confirm that when water quality is maintained in safe level ranges, growth rate of rainbow trout attained in FLS are comparable to those in RP.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Aspects of the biological features such as age and growth , the reproductive cycle , food and feeding of the Longnose Trevally (Carangoides chrysophrys) were studied from a total 376 specimens collected by use of trawl fishing in Hormuzgan waters between February 2014 and February 2015. The minimum and maximum total length during different months were between 25.5 and 80 cm respectively. Weight-length relationship for Longnose Trevally was W = 0/0064L 2/9004. This fish had an isometric growth. Fishes aged using sections of their otoliths . The equation of growth for Longnose Trevally obtained Lt = 85(1-e -0/266(t+1/443) ). Total mortality rate for Longnose Trevally was 0.412. LM50 and TM50 for Longnose Trevally was 46 cm, 2 years. Sex ratio(femail : male) for Longnose Trevally was 1/42:1. Maximum absolute and relative fecundity for Longnose Trevally were 479992 and 354 respectively. The highest GSI in April (2.86) and the lowest was in June 2014 (0.43). It has a long spawning season from January to May and spawning peak was observed in May. Longnose Trevally was Relatively low feed (CV= 65.49). Main food for Longnose Trevally were bony fish(Fp= 91.67). Random diet of Longnose Trevally were crustaceans (Fp = 4.17) (shrimp, crab and squilla) and mollusks (Fp =4.17) (cutlle fish, Squid), respectively.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Investigation on small pelagic fishes in the north of the Persian Gulf (Qeshm Island and Bandar Lengeh) coastal waters during October 2006 to September 2008, illustrated that 6 sardine and 2 anchovy species were locally existed. Sind sardinella (Sardinella sindensis) and Buccaneer anchovy (Encrasicholina punctifer) were dominated in this area. The peak of sexual maturity for Sind sardinella and Buccaneer anchovy occurred in spring and summer respectively. Reproduction period for Sind sardinella was from the middle of winter to late spring, and Buccaneer anchovy encompassed reproduction capacity all the year. The female: male ratio was calculated 1:0.7 and 1:0.9 for Sind sardinella, 1:1.27 and 1:1 for Buccaneer anchovy in Qeshm Island and Bandar lengeh sequentially. The mean of absolute fecundity were estimated 16234 and 16168 for Sind sardinella, 1277 and 1141 for Buccaneer anchovy in Qeshm Island and Bandar Lengeh respectively. LM50 and LC50 were calculated and the results showed both species mainly caught before length of maturity, and the mass populations have not sufficient opportunity to reproduction. Both species were planktonivore, theirs food prefect mainly consisted of copepods, naplius and bivalves. Vacuity index indicated both spices were semi-voracious appetite fishes. Based on calculated length-weight relationships in S. sindensis and E. punctifer, they have isometric growth. Growth parameters were estimated, the results illustrated that they were growth fast and short live species, which suggested S. sardinella and E. punctifer have 3 and 2 years maximum life span respectively. The recruitment pattern indicated double recruitment peaks per year in both species. Annually, four cohorts were distinguished in Sind sardinella and 3 cohorts in Buccaneer anchovy. Total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were estimated in both species, and the values of exploitation ratio (0.78 & 0.74) in Sind sardinella and (0.72 & 0.41) in Buccaneer anchovy were reasonable for current fishing effort due their short life span. Analysis of the results showed that CPUE in sardine and anchovy affected by reproduction and feeding processes. Results showed significant correlation between sardine CPUE and Sardine GaSI (P〈0.05, r= 0.499), similarly between anchovy CPUE and anchovy GSI (P〈0.05, r=-0.635). Further, significant correlation between sea surface temperature with sardine CPUE (P〈0.05, r=0.493), phytoplankton distribution (P〈0.01, r=0.560), anchovy GSI (P〈0.05, r=0.526), anchovy GaSI (P〈0.05, r=-0.500) and chlorophyll a (P〈0.01, r=0.780). Phytoplankton distribution with sardine GSI (P〈0.05, r=0.453), zooplankton distribution with anchovy GSI (P〈0.05, r=0.671), and chlorophyll with sardine GSI (P〈0.01, r=0.761) have significant correlation.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this study, influence of modified atmosphere packaging on shelf life of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (whole fish without visceral and without head and tail fish) stored in 4 to 6ºc was examined. Fish stored in MAP condition and control samples, in different time, were tested for spoilage chemical factors (TVN, PV and pH), microbial parameters (total viable count, clostridium botulinum) and sensory factors too. Mixed gases including co2 (30-50%), N2 (40-65%) and o2 (0 to 20%) were used for trout (without head and tail =6 treatments) and (whole fish without visceral and control = 2 treatments) statistical the analysis results showed that examined factors were significant difference during storage (P〈0.001). Mixed gases haven t had inhibitory effect on spoilage factors (chemical and microbial parameters). However spoilage process was delayed. Increasing of chemical and microbial changes in control samples was higher than treatment samples especially TVN. The results also showed that shelf life of control samples stored 4-6ºc were between 6-12 days but in MAP samples were 19 days. Mixed gases including CO2 (40%), N2 (55%) and O2 (5%) were the best formula and the shelf life of fish (without head and tail) was 16 days where it was 19 days in whole fish (Lack of visceral). The results showed that storage of trout in MAP condition facilities storage and increasing of fish shelf life too.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The overfishing and changing environmental following the introduction of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea, the population structure has a strong influence on kilka fishes in the Caspian Sea and therefore to in this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions (where discharged theirs catch) in three ports Babolsar, Amirabad (in mazandaran) and Anzali (in Guilan), stimated catch and catch per unit effort, the age structur of catch, length- weight relationship, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, condition factor, sex ratios, maturity stags, spawning and feeding. The result shown that catch of kilka in Iranian coastal in 2012 decreased from 24080 ton to 22696 ton in 2013. But CPUE increased was 2.7 ton (Vessel ×Night) and there was no significant changes. Common kilka was the predominant all months of the year, 98.1 and 98.9 percent in 2012 and 2013 respectively. The mean length was 104.4±10.5 and 101.6±11.2 at the same time and range length 92/ 5 – 117/5 mm were the dominant population(about 75%). Relative abundance of fish less than 77.5 mm and more than 127.5 mm is very low. Age abundance during this period have not been substantially changed and always fishes with 3 and 4 year olds had the highest frequency73.6 and 73.5 percent respectively. The parameters of the Von Bertalanffy growth curve were ] exp1[8.141 ) 048.1(297.0  tLt for common kilka. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality (M) was 0.506 yr-1. The instantaneous coefficient of fihing mortality and total mortality were 0.694 yr-1 and 1.2 yr-1 , respectively. The exploitation rate of common kilka varied during 2012-2013 between 0.41-0.50. The mean condition factor 1.41±0.14 (n=5801) and 1.38±0.16 (n=6754) at the same time respectively . According to statistical analysis Anova oneway were a significant difference between condition factor at the same time . Main prey common kilka was Acartia tonsa accounting for over 80%. It seems Common kilka due to a decrease in the frequency of other zooplankton species depend more than ever on Acartia tonsa and this species is probably a concentration of prey for Common kilka.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: In this study, the inhibitory effect of Radio-Vaccine against white spot disease on white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was studied. This vaccine was prepared by Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute of Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. 14,000 L. vannamei postlarvae were used in treatments after adaptation. Eight treatments, four positive and two negative controls were considered in triplicate. Initially, three meals a day for a month in the hours of 8, 16 and 24 were feeding. Three times in day at 8, 16 and 24 clock were feeding in first mount. Waste food and fecal remaining in the tanks were removed. In the second and third months of treatment, feeding frequency increased to three and four times in day which is at 6, 18 and 24 were given concentrate feed and Artemia nauplii at 12 clocks. Vaccination was carried out by immersion. Vaccination was performed in two doses with an interval of 10 to 14 days. For biometric testing and evaluation of immune cells throughout the experiment, three samples were taken randomly from the tanks. To assess the health status of shrimp, indices of Total Hemocyte Count and Total Plasma Protein was determined. Phagocytic activity of hemocytes was evaluated to assess immune setuation of shrimps. The results of this study showed that the shrimp immune system, as in many reports, the effect of recombinant vaccines and passive safety in memory as "Alternative adaptive immune responses" after experimental infection of white spot virus (WSSV) in wild and farmed shrimp is confirmed, will respond to vaccination against white spot disease.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Two crop culture of western white shrimp with 2 treatments and 2 replicates in each treatments in earthen ponds with area 0.4 hectares at a density of 20 pl 18 in each square meter were done. For the culture of shrimp in the second stage, the post larvae cultured in nursery pond with area of 0.25 hectare, and density of 96 post larvae in each square meter, and then transfer to the rearing ponds. In each pond, 2 aerators with potency of 3 horsepower fixed. Every day horsepower clarified at 21p.m. to 23 p.m and out at 6 a.m to 7 a.m. The first stage of culture begun in 19 April with pl 18. The yield pick-up after 96 days. The stocking of pl in the nursery ponds was done in 25 July with pl16 and after 38 days hunted and transferred to second stage culture. The second culture was done in 1 September and pick-up after 65 days. For feeding of shrimps we used commercial food numbers 4001 until 4006. In the first mount the feeding of shrimps were done as blind feed and then with the shrimps biomass and with research of feeding trays. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH daily in 2 times at the morning (6 a.m) and evening (at 15 p.m) and the salinity, transparency and water depth 1 time daily measured. In the first culture period (96 days), the mean weight, length, daily weight gain, FCR, survival percent shrimp production were 14.03 gr, 12.08 cm, 0.15 gr, 1.02 gr, 92 percent and 2132 kilograms and in the second culture period (65 days) 14.55 gr, 12.48 cm, 0.22 gr, 0.84, 73 percent and 2675 kilogarms measuered respectively. Totally, in the second period culture the initial weight of shrimps was higher than the first period culture 1.95 gr and 0.008 gr respectively, therefore growth indexes in the second period were better than the first culture period. Coefficient of determination of weight and lenth of shrimps with increase of cultue days, in the first and second culture periods, in the total cases the number were higher than 0.97. This shown that the role of increase of days on the increase of weight and lenth is higher than 97 percent. Also, determination of product moment, showed that there is very strong correlation between increase of days and increase of weight and lenth and between weight and lenth (0.97 to 0.99).

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The result of chemical examination on samples demonstrates that most of assessed parameters met the environmental standards. The trend of BOD5 changes showed a decrease due to recreation of the rivers in the both studied points (1-4 stations of Khochireh zone and 5-8 Hassanjun zone). Therefore, aquaculture activities did not play a significant role in enhancing the instant organic load (p〈0.05). Investigating the amount of total phosphorous revealed that Khochireh zone owned less pollutant consists of phosphorous compounds in comparison to Hassanjun zone. Hilsenhoff was an applied to determining the amount of pollution of assessed rivers. Biological and chemical examination of the Hassanjun, Khochireh and the main branch of Shahrud River was organized and done in May, 2012 by fast sampling method. Also monitored levels of total phosphorous showed the both rivers experienced an increase in downstream compared to upstream. The trace of frequency variation of macro benthos showed that Chironomidae and Elmidae families which are from Diptera and Coeloptera orders considered as the most crowded populations of macro benthos in the study zone with the total frequency average of 11.6 and 10.0 per square meter. The result of studying on macro benthos based on Hilsenhoff biological index elaborated in Khochireh zone the activity of aquaculture industry (without any urban zone and other industries) led to deteriorate the water quality from average in station 1 to average –weak in station 2 whereas, fish farms couldn’t affect the quality of main branch of Shahroud river due to higher volume, so didn’t any significant change in third and fourth station. In the Hassanjun River at the upstream of the fish farm the water quality seems to be never appropriate, that be alleviated to average in downstream. The main branch of Shahroud River was affected due to admixture with hassanjun River; therefore turned the quality from very good in station 7 to bad in station 8, obviously due to the low quality of Hassanjun River. To conclude, the chemical and biological investigation illustrate aquaculture activity throughout the Shahroud River affects the water quality in an ignorant level which is offset by recreation ability of the river. However, other types of pollutants which are emitted by other industries decrease the water quality of studied zone particularly at the downstream and entrance of the Taleghan dam.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The present research aimed to study effect of Nereis worm in feeding, growth, survival and carcass biochimical compositions of persian sturgeon larvae. Five diets including zooplankton (100%) as the control (Z), Nereis diversicolor worm (100%), a mix of Nereis and zooplankton (50% for each), a mix of Nereis, zooplankton and concentrate food (33% for each) with 3 replicates were established. At first, Nereis worms were cultured up to the weight of 200 mg according to the protocol done in the International Sturgeon Research Institute. Required zooplanktons were obtained for Dr. Beheshti Sturgeon Rearing and propagation center. Concentrate food was also made in the ISRI. Persian sturgeon larvae with the average weight of 95.66 mg were put in 60-Liter tank (60 larvae in each tank) under the same physical and chemical parameters of water. 8 days after the beginning of active feeding, they were fed five times a day with experimental dites based on 20-30% of their weight for 15 days. Water quality parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH values were recorded daily. The average of temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen during the test were 22.8±1.3ºc, 7.5±0.1 and 6.58±0.9 mg/l respectively. At the end of this period, condition factor (k), specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion rate (FCR), weight gain (WG) and Body weight index (BWI) were calculated. Total fat and fatty acids profile were analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant difference between growth indexes and food consumption (p〈0.05). BWI, GR and SGR indices showed no significant difference between N and NZ treatment, but the average of these indices were higher in NZ treatment. The most and the least average of SGR, BWI were observed in NZ and NZC treatments respectively. Condition factor showed no significant difference in all diets except NZ. FCR had no significant difference between N and NZ as well as after diets. The highest and the lowest survival rate was observed in N treatment (96.11±1.46%) and NZC (85.55±3.37%) respectively. The results of carcass analysis showed that there is a strong correlation between fatty acids of body and fat resources of diets. According to the significant difference in growth rate between treatments (p〈0.05), the larvae fed with N diet presented a better performance compared with others. These results indicate that cultured sturgeon larvae need n-3 and n-6 series of fatty acids in their diet.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Rregarding the potential and capabilities of different socio-economic, ecological and recreational, Hurolazim wetland is allocated as a special place in the collection of ecosystems and environment and the study of existing ecological conditions is necessary to protect and restoring management. In this study, monthly Samples of four stations (stations north of the road , Imam Reza (1) and south of the road, Imam Reza (2) ,in the Rofayeh area and stations Tabor (3) and the Shatt Ali (4), in the Shatt Ali area) were taken during the year from April to March 2012. Samples included physical and chemical parameters , phyto and zoo planktons, benthos, fish, and fishing status. Phytoplankton samples using sampling bottles from 0.5 meters below the surface were taken and counted based on alive unit. Zooplankton samples were collected by 100 micron mesh size plankton net from a depth of 1.5-2 meters . Benthic animals and sediment were sampled by Van Vin grab(0.125 square meters). One sample for benthos and one sample for grain size analysis and percentage of organic matter were sampled from each stations. In order to estimate the monthly depleted catches, data collected from the census in place and sampling was done at the time. Three fishing area has inspected randomly once every 15 days and active fishermen and caches were recorded in the prepared forms during the day. In this way, the number of observed boats, the average boat per day, the catches of the boats and CPUE were registered and total fishing effort was calculated monthly. In this study, 194 species of phytoplankton were identified. Diatoms with 85 species, Cyanophyta with 59 species, Chlorophyta with 31 species, Euglenophyta and Dinophyta with 18 and one species were observed respectively. The highest abundance frequency of phytoplanktons with 38.96 percent were observed in Tabar station (3), Diatoms with 46% has shown the highest frequency and then Cyanophyta (34.17%), Chlorophyta (16.39%), Euglenophyta (1.6 %) and Dinophta (1.58%) were included of the total abundance respectively. In the summer colonies of Cyanophyta were in high density. A total of 35 species of zooplankton have been identified. from Rizopoda, the species of Arcellidae and Centripyxidae families, from Rotifera, the species of Brachionidae, Lecanidae, Asplanchnidae and Philodinidae families, from Cladocera ,the species of Daphnidae, Sisidae and Chydoridae families and from copepods, Cyclopoda families have been observed that included about 98 percent of identified zooplankton. Respectively, Copepoda (39.9 %), Rotifera (34.71 %), Cladocera (22.38 %) and Rizopoda (0.843 %) were dominant groups. The species Brachionus urceolaris with average density of 7.29 individual per liter, is the most abundant species that included 17 % of total abundance frequency in the wetland. The higher frequency of crustacean zooplankton such as Copepoda and Cladocera could be indicated an environment more favorable conditions and expected to be good status of food in the Horolazim wetland. Among the known benthic groups, families, Tephritidae (85%) and Chironomidae (7 %) of the order Diptera and Ostracoda (2 %) from crustacean, were the dominant macrobentic groups Among the studied stations, Station South Road Imam Reza (2), and the station Shatt Ali (4), were the highest and the lowest abundance respectively. The mean abundance of macrobenthos in different seasons showed the lowest and the highest abundance frequency in summer and winter respectively. According to diversity indices, The stations Tabar (3) was the highest and the Station South Road Imam Reza (2), was the lowest value of diversity index. The results showed the higher than 71.84 % of Silt-Clay percentage in all stations, The highest value of sediments TOM in the Station South of the Road Imam Reza(2) in the winter and the lowest in station Shat Ali(4) in summer were recorded. Based on HFBI index the stations north of the road Imam Reza (1) and the station Shatt Ali (4) in moderate status and the stations south of the road Imam Reza (2) and Tabar (3) in good status were classified. In this study, 15 species of fishes belonging to 8 genera and 3 families were identified. It was noticed that 87.4 percent of all identified species in the wetland belonged to the Cyprinidae family. The results of previous studies in 2006 and 2008 in the Iraqi part of Hawizeh wetland showed that the most common fish species belonged to Biah, Karas, Hemry and Shelej that included 89.3 percent of total fishing in the current study .Finally, It is evaluated that changes in water regime of freshwater wetlands, controlled the environmental characteristics and conditions. That means water plays a decisive role in the vital characteristics of wetlands. changes of quantity and quality of water may be associated with changing the quantity and quality of biotic fauna in wetland system. In the management and protection of a wetland system, it is necessary to adopt measures based on scientific principles and reasonable methods in order to protect water quality.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Without abstract.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Present study carried out in 6 earthen ponds (3500 m2 each) at the Zahak fish propagation and cultivation center. In July 2005 ponds were prepared and stocked with 1100 fish specimens with 40 g average weight. Stocking normative in two ponds (1 and 4) were 220 common carp, 110 grass carp, 715 silver carp, and 55 big head specimens. In the next two ponds (5 and 6) common carp reduced to 50% and Shizotorax zarudnyi was replaced. In the rest two ponds (7 and 8) common carp reduced to zero and totally replaced with Shizotorax zarudnyi. Manure and inorganic fertilizer were used during cultivation period. Carp was fed by concentrated food and grass carp was fed by alfalfa. At the end of the cultivation period (16 months) mean weights of common carp, grass carp, silver carp, big head, and Shizotorax zarudnyi reached 1201 g, 1572 g, 313 g, 486 g, 531 g respectively. Mean daily growth were 2.41 g, 3.19 g, 0.56 g, 0.92 g, 1 g respectively. Survival rate during cultivation period were 97.57%, 68.3%, 94%, 85.45%, 46.85% respectively. Biological parameters were recorded once a month. Other chemical and physical parameters such as air and water temperatures, oxygen, pH, twice per day and factors such as nitrite, nitrate, Ammoniac, transparency, salinity and phosphate were measured and recorded once per week. During cultivation period average pH was 7-10.34, water temperature was 0.5-33 °C, transparency was 12-115cm, salinity was 1.1-5 mg/l, oxygen was 2-10 mg/l, nitrite was 0.86-0.16 mg/l, nitrate was 0.06- 2.21 mg/l, and phosphate was 0.1-1.8 mg/l. Average total yields in the ponds 1 and 4 with standard normative for the region were 554, and 623 kg. In the ponds 5 and 6 with 50% Shizotorax zarudnyi were 514 and 518 kg, and in the ponds 7 and 8 with total Shizotorax zarudnyi replacement were 533 and 386 kg.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: A study was undertaken to determine the effects of various dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratios on growth indices, feed performance and body composition of benni (Barbus sharpeyi) juveniles. Nine iso-nitrogenous (25% crude protein) and iso-caloric (3.5 kcal/g digestible energy) semipurified diets with varying carbohydrate to lipid (CHO L) ratios (0.8 to 8.8 g/g) were tested for 8 weeks with three replicates. Each replicate was stocked with 20 fish (initial mean weight 16.47 ± 0.25 g) that were fed to satiation thrice daily. Twenty seven flow-through fiberglass tanks of 300 L capacity with a flow rate of 1.5 L min-1 were used for rearing the fish. Maximum weight gain (WG), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) and fulton,s condition factor (K) were observed in fish fed a 44% carbohydrate and 9% lipid diet, corresponding to a CHO/L ratio of 4.8. Whole body moisture, crude protein and ash content of fish fed varying CHO:L diets did not show any significant differences among treatments (P〉0.05), But whole body lipid content of fish decreased (P〈0.05) as dietary CHO/L ratio increased. The hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices (HSI and VSI) decreased (P〈0.05) as dietary CHO:L ratio increased and maximum values were observed in diet with highest amount of lipid. The results of the present study indicated that the optimal dietary CHO/L ratio for a optimal growth and feeding performance of Barbus sharpeyi juvenile, ranged between 3.8 and 4.8.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: This study was to investigate the possibility of pellet production for grow out common carp considering attractiveness and stability of the pellets. The experiment consisted of two periods and was conducted at the Caspian Sea ecology research center in 2011 and 2012. In period one, two types of pellet with similar protein level (31%) and different energy contents (3000 and 3500 cal/g) were formulated by the ingredients used in fish feed industry. In period two, 316 juvenile carp with initial weight of 27.9g were assigned randomly to 9 fiberglass tanks (4×4×1 m), with three replicates for each treatment. The fish were fed by three diets throughout the eight weeks study , two diets were formulated in the current study and third one was a commercial carp diet with 25% protein. The results showed that feeding with diet containing 31% protein and 3500 cal/g energy led to a feed conversion ratio of 3, but this value was recorded 1.9 for commercial diet. The type of diets was also influenced (P〈0.05) average final weight of the fish. Fish fed diet containing 31% protein and 3500cal/g energy showed largest weight gain and this value was significantly different from the other treatments. Pellet stability test showed that commercial pellet water stability was 3min, but this value for the two formulated pellet were 12 min. There was a highly significant difference for water stability between the commercial pellet and the formulated pellet. The result suggests that the formulated pellet in the current study can be easily replaced by commercial pellet.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Catlassfishes are one of valuable stocks in the Oman Sea and Persian Gulf that need enough knowledge of biological and environmental characteristics of provinces. Thus this project was performed. In this study, the stock condition of Catlassfishes was considered from March 2000 to September 2001 in the Sirik and Hengarn area. Sampling carried out seasonally with bottom trawl. Dominant species was Trichiurus lepturus. Anal length compared in the both Sirik and Hengam areas. The results showed a significant difference (P〈0.05) between areas. Biomass and maximum CPUA were respectively estimated as 2856 tons and 3198 Kg/nm2 for Sirik area and 31 78 tons and 5204 kg/nm2 for Hengam area. IÄ and K were obtained i 15cm and 0.93, respectively. The instantaneous natural mortality co-efficient (M), Total mortality coefficient (Z) and exploitation ratio (E) was estimated as 3.65, It 15 and 0.65, respectively. Anal length per weight relationship obtained as 1 497X2*2849 2.2964 in Sirik and y=o.14649x in Hengam. This species seems to spawn throughout the year but two spawning peaks were determined in spring and Autumn. I-M50 was 27.5 cm. Female to male sex ratio was estimated 1.59 and showed a significant difference sexes. Minimum and maximum Fecundity were 2835 and 186000, respectively. Main food item was obtained sardine MSY values were estimated as 1642 and 1827 Ton for Sirik and Hengam respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that fishing should be done with care out of fishing season.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Nowadays, the use of live food enrichment is very common in aquaculture and as a practical method introduced. Artemia a potential food source and quality is suitable, it will have used for feeding fish and crustaceans (shrimp). In this study, Artemia enriched with unsaturated fatty acids used for increase the sexual maturity of the white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Thus, the young brood stocks transferred to Bandarga Research station. In order to achieve optimal weight, Brood stocks were feeding by food concentrate and food frozen fresh. In this study such as 3 treatments each with 3 replicates, which brood stocks were stocking in the fiberglass thank with density 2 to 3 (pieces/m2). They were feeding with meals different including 1) squid , pen shale and marine polychaeta worm (Perinereis nuntia), 2) squid , pen shale and Artemia biomass "fransiscan", 3) squid , pen shale and Artemia biomass enriched with unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) SPARI SELCO solution after were eye ablation. The results showed that sexual maturity increased in the brood stocks fed with Artemia enriched which with significantly higher brood stocks fed with Artemia biomass and the marine worm (P 〈0.05) whereas significant difference was not found in the rate of sexual maturity brood stocks fed with Artemia biomass and marine worm (P〉 0.05). The other hand, histological studies showed that brood stocks fed with Artemia enriched than other two treatments contain were many mature follicles ready for ovulation. However, there was more absolute fecundity in the brood stocks fed with Artemia enriched, but don't found any significant differences in competition with other two treatments (P 〉 0.05). In addition, during this period, measured and recorded all factors physicochemical water and environment daily. Following this study showed that if the Artemia enriched as part of the diet can both caused eliminate unsaturated fatty acid deficiency diet and improved ovarian development and increase sexual maturity brood stocks female in a short interval. Finally, the results analyzed with statistical software spss 9.0, one way ANOVA and Tukey test.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses of gamma rays on shelf life and fatty acids composition of Rainbow trout fillet (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during refrigerating condition. Quality and shelf life of non-irradiated and irradiated (0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75 and 4.5 kGy) Rainbow trout stored at +4 C was investigated by measurement of microbiological, chemical and sensory analysis .Irradiation of fillets was performed by gamma rays from a Co60 source. Microbial counts for non-irradiated trout fillet samples were higher than respective irradiated fish. Total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) values was increased from 7 mg/100 g for non-irradiated to 52.7 mg/100 g after 15 days storage at refrigerator, whereas for irradiated fish lower values of 39.4, 37.6, 28.7, 25.6, 24.8 and 23.2 mg/100 g were recorded at 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75 and 4.5 kGy, respectively (day 15).initial amount of peroxide value in non irradiated sampleswas 0.8 meq/kg and was increased to 7 meq/kg (7 day).Highest amount of peroxide after irradiation process was belonged to samples irradiated by 4.5 kGy (1.5 meq/kg). Also, total viable count of irradiated samples were decreased significantly (p〈0.05). On nutritional aspect, results showed that total saturated fatty acid concentrations increased significantly (p〈0.001) with increasing irradiation dose , so that the control sample and fish muscles that irradiated with 4.5 kGy had the lowest and highest amounts of total saturated fatty acids (20.454 ± 0.011% and 19.228 ± 0.040% , respectively). The amount of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in irradiated samples were significantly lower than control sample (p〈0.001) and amounts of total monounsaturated (MUFAs) were significantly higher than control samples (p〈0.001). The results were indicated that the highest content of MUFAs and PUFAs were in samples irradiated with 3.75kGy (37.783± 0.092 %) and control samples (37.677± 0.104 %), respectively .The lowest level of MUFAs and PUFAs were in control samples (36.596 ± 0.024%) and 4.5 kGy (36.459 ± 0.047%), respectively. Altogether, results of this study were determined that irradiation treatment changes significantly the fatty acid composition especially polyunsaturated fatty acids in rainbow trout muscle (P〈0.001). Overall, irradiation of fillet by 3.75 kGy had best results on increasing shelf life of fillet at refrigerator (between 11-15 days) and had no advers effect on fatty acid composition of Rainbo trout fillet.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Fish sausages were made from minced fish meat and additives using dehydrogenated vegetable oil and fish oil. Four experimental groups were studied; Group 1 with 65% minced fish meat and 12% soybean oil, Group 2 with 65% minced fish meat and 12% olive oil, Group 3 with 65% minced fish meat and a mixture of 6% fish oil and 6% soybean oil, and Group 4 with 65% minced fish meat and 11.3% corn oil and 0.7% cod liver oil. In all the experimental groups the fish was first headed, the entrails removed and then washed and cut into small pieces. The fish pieces were then put in the meat extractor where the skin and bones were separated from the meat. The minced fish meat was rinsed with clean water and the water was let to drain. The additives for each experimental group were then blended with the minced meat and the mixture was filled in the sausage casings. The stuffed sausage casings were then placed in containers and put in a room to cook. After cooking the sausages were packed and stored in the refrigerator. The quality of the product was tested (chemical, microbial and organoleptic) from phase zero through the entire experimental period which lasted 30 days. Based on the results obtained it was evident that sausages in the experimental Group 1 showed better taste and flavor as compared to those in the other groups.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The diet quality and type has a great role in aquatic animals and leads to increase of resistance against diseases and good growth . Cultured andornamental fish do not access to live and selected food due to captivity condition. Threfore, they should be provided with complete diet similar to natural food in captive condition. Carotenoid pigments are responsible of flesh pigmentation of edible fish and skin color of ornamental fish. The accumulation of this pigments in fish tissue has a greate importance in marketing and hence due to lack of its synthesis, carotenoids shoud be added to diet of cultured fish. As the synthetic carotenoids are harmful to the environment , there is a greate interest to use natural carotenoids in ornamental fish diets to obtain bright color. This study was carried out to compare the effects of diets containing Artemia urmiana and Phallocryptus spinosa supplements and commercial feed on growth and survival of goldfish fingerlings , quality of skin color, amounts of total carotenoids , Astaxantin, Canthaxantin and beta-carotene inCultured Carassius auratus during 90 days. The culture medium were contained glass aquaria in controlled condition and suitable for goldfish growth with 12 L: 12 D photoperiod and water temperature of 28 ± 1 oC. 3 test groups were included: treatment 1 fed with concentrate diet , treatment 2 fed with concentrate and frizzed Phallocryptus spinosa with tha same concentrations and treatment 3 fed with concentrate and frizzed Artemia urmiana with the same concentrations . Each treatment contains 2 replications and each replication consisted of 30 goldfish. . In this study, The amounts of total carotenoids using spectrophotometer modelWPA , astaxantin, canthaxantin and beta-carotene using HPLC model Younglin, UK, were determined in the skin of Carassius auratus at the end of the exprement period. The results revealed that the most growth rate ( GR), specific growth rate and condition factor ( CF) were 0.11 ±0.006 , 0.34 ± 0.015 and 3.96 ± 0.10, respectively which due to treatment 3 and the most weight gain and length gain including 8.57± 1.18g and 31.54± 3.33 mm, respectively due to treatment 2 .During rearing period , there was not any significant difference among treatments( p〉 0.05). The analysis of obtained data showed that there was a significant difference between diets containing live food and concentrate diet (p〈 0.05). The results revealed that live food enhanced skin color of Carassius auratus compared to concentrate diet . Also, the most pigmentation obtained from the diet contained fairy shrimp. As, in concentrate, concentrate and fairy shrimps, concentrate and Artemia diets amounts of total carotenoids at 450 nm wave length were 1.09, 3.90 and 2.07 mg/100 , asthaxantin were 84.57, 205.82 and 102.24 ng/g and canthaxanthin were 0.24, 35.79 and 30.64 ng/g and carotenoid were 34.73, 138.78 and 69.77 ng/g, respectively. The use of fairy shrimp compared to Artemia in the diet can be significantly increased the amounts of carotenoids especially asthaxanthin in the skin of goldfish(p〈 0.05). Therefore fairy shrimps can be used as a suitable for artemia and high cost synthetic pigments to enhance color of ornamental fish.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Sponges are the most primitive of the multicellular, These organisms don’t have any mechanical defense system, so their early appearance in evolution has given them alot of time for the development of advanced secondary metabolites as chemical defense system. Sponges have the potential to provide drugs from chemical components against diseases. In this investigation the sponge samples, which it is Dysidea spp. , were collected at depth of 15- 20 meter, from locations on the coastline of Island Hengam in Persian Gulf of Iran. For identifying natural components, methanolic and diethyletter were used as extraction solvents, after removal of the solvents, the GC/MS spectra of the fraction were obtained. Then in vitro cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral activities were identified. In vitro cytotoxity screening, by XTT assay, against KB/ C152 and HUT-78/ C185 cell line, was conducted in this study in 1 - 500 µg/ml . IC50 for diethyletter and methanolic extract was 200 µg/ml in HUT-78 , IC50 for diethyletter extract was 325µg/ml and methanolic extract 325µg/ml in KB. In vitro antimicrobial activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical gram-positives and gram negatives (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus و subtilis Bacillus). The results conducted that the MIC values of methanol and diethyletter extract for Escherichia coli 20mg/ml, Bacillus subtilis 10mg/ml and 2mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. The MBC values of the diethyletter extracts for Bacillus subtilis 30 mg/ml) and S. aureus aureus 10mg/ml. In vitro antifungal activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical pathogens; Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The results conducted that the aqueous extracts didn’t have any antifungal activities on pathogens, minimum inhibitor concentrations (MIC) of the diethyletter extract on C. albicans 0/75mg/ml, MFC 5 mg/ml and methanolic extract ٥/٠ mg/ml and MFC 5 mg/ml on A. fumigatus In vitro antiviral activities by XTT assay against MT-2 cell line. The results conducted that IC50 for diethyletter extract 500µg/ml and methanolic extract 475 µg/ml.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: The aim of this study was to find the best location for establishment of rainbow trout culture and hatcheries farms on Zayanderood’s river region in Charmahal and Bakhtiyari province. This survey carried out over ten station along Zayanderood’s river. The result of physical and chemical analysis showd that the annual average of air temperature varied from 9.5oc o 10oc wehre the pH annual average value were between 7.5 and 8.8. the dissolve oxygen concentration in stations except in rainbow trout farm effluent were above 10 mg/l. the other chemical , pollutant as well as pesticides levels were under the limiting concentration for rainbow trout culture and Hatcheries activity . The plankton survey showed that the Bacillurophyta were the dominant group of phytoplankton where protozoa constituted the most abundant group of zooplankton the Benthic organisms sensitive to pollutant in particular Epirus were dominant group in all stations . In regard to fishes presence in river , five species of Ciprinidae , one species from Balitoridae and one species from salmonidae families were identified . The capacity for development of rainbow trout culture for tow phase period in Zayanderood’s river region with respect to self purification potential (self purification potential were determined from the oxidation of the effluent of the only active trout farm of the river region), minimum of 10 L/s water requirement for production of trout in concrete canal and pond system and 1L/S water need for production in semi circular closed system were estimated to be 5202 metric tons.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published

Description: Rutilus frisii kutum is one of the important fish of Caspian Sea which has significant economical role in the region .The objective of this project is a comparative study on traditional culture of fishes versus slurry. This survey were conducted on nine pound of 1.7 hec triplicate with their treatment with stocking densities of 1.7 million fish larva at Dr yousefpoor center (Affiliated of Shahid Beheshti culture and propagation) at Siakal village , 32 km far from Rasht city in North of Iran, the first treatment considered as control which practice traditionally (using concentrated food plus grinded kilka fish) .In the second treatment for 13 days the pound supplied only by slurry then followed by concentrated fish food only .The tired treatment started with slurry for 13 days and followed by slurry plus concentrated food. The physical and chemical parameters of water, plankton, biometry of fish, growth indices such as daily weight growth (DWG), daily length growth (DLG) as well as specific ratio (SGR) were monitored weekly. The result indicate that net fish production was 1.7 to 2 times higher in slurry than traditional treatment also the survival rate were 1.7 times higher in slurry treatment . The treatment of slurry follow by addition of concentrated food plus slurry showed higher yield camper to others. Slurry with several active substances is more effective and can promote the growth of zooplanktons which is the food of larval stage of rutilus frisi kutum. In second phase of this project the effect of slurry was surveyed on Chinese carp. This experiment was conducted in triplicate with two treatment ( one treatment is control which use cow manure plus chemical fertilizer and second treatment was conducted with slurry ) and stocked with 2375 N/hec ( Silver carp 60% , Big head 15%, common carp 17% and grass carp 8%) at June. In this survey common carp and grass carp were feed with concentrate food and fresh grasses respectively. Chemical factors were measured once for each two week and density of plankton was determined when it was necessarily. Nutritional content of phosphorous, nitrogen, calcium, potassium and magnesium after anaerobic fermentation as well as protein and lipid content with 1.4and 1.9 times respectively were higher in slurry treatment than control. The results showed that survival rate and yield were higher in slurry than control. The increasing percent of yield were 13.5, 2.6, 18.4 and 85.3 in Silver carp, Big head, common carp and grass carp respectively. The survival rate of grass carp was twice higher in slurry treatment than control. Zooplankton abundant in slurry pounds was more but blue- green algae density was less than control. Protein and lipid analysis reviled no significant difference between control and slurry. In general the result indicate that the slurry with higher nutritional content is more effective on the survival and growth rate of fishes and also is more efficient in proliferation of plankton in particular zooplankton.

Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Description: Published