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  • Articles  (80,039)
  • Other Sources  (1)
  • Springer Nature  (44,422)
  • American Institute of Physics  (35,513)
  • Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
  • 2020-2024  (461)
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  • Books  (3,128)
  • Articles  (80,039)
  • Other Sources  (1)
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  • 1
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    Diatom-mediated food web functioning under ocean artificial upwelling (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 14(1), pp. 3955-3955, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: Enhancing ocean productivity by artificial upwelling is evaluated as a nature-based solution for food security and climate change mitigation. Fish production is intended through diatom-based plankton food webs as these are assumed to be short and efficient. However, our findings from mesocosm experiments on artificial upwelling in the oligotrophic ocean disagree with this classical food web model. Here, diatoms did not reduce trophic length and instead impaired the transfer of primary production to crustacean grazers and small pelagic fish. The diatom-driven decrease in trophic efficiency was likely mediated by changes in nutritional value for the copepod grazers. Whilst diatoms benefitted the availability of essential fatty acids, they also caused unfavorable elemental compositions via high carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (i.e. low protein content) to which the grazers were unable to adapt. This nutritional imbalance for grazers was most pronounced in systems optimized for CO2 uptake through carbon-to-nitrogen ratios well beyond Redfield. A simultaneous enhancement of fisheries production and carbon sequestration via artificial upwelling may thus be difficult to achieve given their opposing stoichiometric constraints. Our study suggest that food quality can be more critical than quantity to maximize food web productivity during shorter-term fertilization of the oligotrophic ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 2
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    Short and decadal impacts of seafloor physical perturbation on the abundances of Lebensspuren ‘traces of life’ in the Peru Basin manganese nodule province (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Marine Biodiversity, Springer Nature, 54(1), pp. 11-11, ISSN: 1867-1616
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Interest in deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules as an alternative source to onshore mines for various high-technology metals has risen in recent years, as demands and costs have increased. The need for studies to assess its short- and long-term consequences on polymetallic nodule ecosystems is therefore also increasingly prescient. Recent image-based expedition studies have described the temporal impacts on epi-/megafauna seafloor communities across these ecosystems at particular points in time. However, these studies have failed to capture information on large infauna within the sediments or give information on potential transient and temporally limited users of these areas, such as mobile surface deposit feeders or fauna responding to bloom events or food fall depositions. This study uses data from the Peru Basin polymetallic nodule province, where the seafloor was previously disturbed with a plough harrow in 1989 and with an epibenthic sled (EBS) in 2015, to simulate two contrasting possible impact forms of mining disturbance. To try and address the shortfall on information on transient epifauna and infauna use of these various disturbed and undisturbed areas of nodule-rich seafloor, images collected 6 months after the 2015 disturbance event were inspected and all Lebensspuren, ‘traces of life’, were characterized by type (epi- or infauna tracemakers, as well as forming fauna species where possible), along with whether they occurred on undisturbed seafloor or regions disturbed in 1989 or 2015. The results show that epi- and endobenthic Lebensspuren were at least 50% less abundant across both the ploughed and EBS disturbed seafloors. This indicates that even 26 years after disturbance, sediment use by fauna may remain depressed across these areas.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 3
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    Subsurface warming in the Antarctica’s Weddell Sea can be avoided by reaching the 2∘C warming target (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 5(1), pp. 93-93, ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Recently, seasonal pulses of modified Warm Deep Water have been observed near the Filchner Ice Shelf front in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Here, we investigate the temperature evolution of subsurface waters in the Filchner Trough under four future scenarios of carbon dioxide emissions using the climate model AWI-CM. Our model simulates these warm intrusions, suggests more frequent pulses in a warmer climate, and supports the potential for a regime shift from cold to warm Filchner Trough in two high-emission scenarios. The regime shift is governed in particular by decreasing local sea ice formation and a shoaling thermocline. Cavity circulation is not critical in triggering the change. Consequences would include increased ice shelf basal melting, reduced buttressing of fast-flowing ice streams, loss of grounded ice and an acceleration of global sea level rise. According to our simulations, the regime shift can be avoided and the Filchner Trough warming can be restricted to 0.5 ∘C by reaching the 2 ∘C climate goal.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 4
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    Diverse plasmid systems and their ecology across human gut metagenomes revealed by PlasX and MobMess (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Microbiology, Springer Nature, 9(3), pp. 830-847, ISSN: 2058-5276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Plasmids alter microbial evolution and lifestyles by mobilizing genes that often confer fitness in changing environments across clades. Yet our ecological and evolutionary understanding of naturally occurring plasmids is far from complete. Here we developed a machine-learning model, PlasX, which identified 68,350 non-redundant plasmids across human gut metagenomes and organized them into 1,169 evolutionarily cohesive ‘plasmid systems’ using our sequence containment-aware network-partitioning algorithm, MobMess. Individual plasmids were often country specific, yet most plasmid systems spanned across geographically distinct human populations. Cargo genes in plasmid systems included well-known determinants of fitness, such as antibiotic resistance, but also many others including enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of essential nutrients and modification of transfer RNAs, revealing a wide repertoire of likely fitness determinants in complex environments. Our study introduces computational tools to recognize and organize plasmids, and uncovers the ecological and evolutionary patterns of diverse plasmids in naturally occurring habitats through plasmid systems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    Dietary- and host-derived metabolites are used by diverse gut bacteria for anaerobic respiration (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Microbiology, Springer Nature, 9(1), pp. 55-69, ISSN: 2058-5276
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Respiratory reductases enable microorganisms to use molecules present in anaerobic ecosystems as energy-generating respiratory electron acceptors. Here we identify three taxonomically distinct families of human gut bacteria (Burkholderiaceae, Eggerthellaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae) that encode large arsenals of tens to hundreds of respiratory-like reductases per genome. Screening species from each family (Sutterella wadsworthensis, Eggerthella lenta and Holdemania filiformis), we discover 22 metabolites used as respiratory electron acceptors in a species-specific manner. Identified reactions transform multiple classes of dietary- and host-derived metabolites, including bioactive molecules resveratrol and itaconate. Products of identified respiratory metabolisms highlight poorly characterized compounds, such as the itaconate-derived 2-methylsuccinate. Reductase substrate profiling defines enzyme–substrate pairs and reveals a complex picture of reductase evolution, providing evidence that reductases with specificities for related cinnamate substrates independently emerged at least four times. These studies thus establish an exceptionally versatile form of anaerobic respiration that directly links microbial energy metabolism to the gut metabolome.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 6
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    Interactive responses to temperature and salinity in larvae of the Asian brush-clawed crab Hemigrapsus takanoi: relevance for range expansion into the Baltic Sea, in the context of climate change (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Biological Invasions, Springer Nature, pp. 1-20, ISSN: 1387-3547
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: We studied the potential of a recently introduced species, the Asian brush-clawed crab (Hemigrapsus takanoi), to expand its distribution range further into the Baltic Sea. H. takanoi has been documented in the southwestern Baltic Sea since 2014. The ability to persist and further expand into the Baltic Proper will depend on their potential to sustain all stages of their complex life cycle, including pelagic larvae, under the Baltic Sea's conditions. Range limits may be established by the tolerance to low salinity, which in addition may be affected by water temperature. A key question is whether local populations at the distribution limit (within the Baltic Sea) show increased tolerance to low salinities and hence promote further expansion. We quantified the combined effects of salinity (10–33 PSU) and temperature (15–24 °C) on larval development in four populations of H. takanoi (two from the Baltic and two from the North Sea). We found substantial differences in larval performance between the populations from the Baltic and North Seas. Larvae from the North Sea populations always showed higher survival and faster development compared with those from the Baltic Sea. Only weak evidence of elevated tolerance towards low salinity was found in the larvae from the Baltic Sea populations. In addition, larvae from the population located near the range limit showed very low survival under all tested salinity-temperature combinations and no evidence of increased tolerance to low salinity. There was no apparent genetic differentiation among the studied populations in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene (COI) implying high connectivity among the populations. In conclusion, the weak evidence of low salinity tolerance in Baltic Sea populations, and poor larval performance for the population located near the range limit, coupled with limited genetic differentiation suggest that subsidies are needed for populations to persist near the range limit. Alternatively, ontogenetic migrations would be required to sustain those populations. Monitoring efforts are needed to elucidate the underlaying mechanisms and document potential future range expansions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 7
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    Correction: Plastics in biota: technological readiness level of current methodologies (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Microplastics and Nanoplastics, Springer Nature, 4(1), pp. 8-8, ISSN: 2662-4966
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
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    Plastics in biota: technological readiness level of current methodologies (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Microplastics and Nanoplastics, Springer Nature, 4(1), pp. 6-6, ISSN: 2662-4966
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Description: Plastics are persistent in the environment and may be ingested by organisms where they may cause physical harm or release plastic additives. Monitoring is a crucial mechanism to assess the risk of plastics to the marine and terrestrial ecosystem. Unfortunately, due to unharmonised procedures, it remains difficult to compare the results of different studies. This publication, as part of the Horizon project EUROqCHARM, aims to identify the properties of the available analytical processes and methods for the determination of plastics in biota. Based on a systematic review, reproducible analytical pipelines were examined and the technological readiness levels were assessed so that these methods may eventually (if not already) be incorporated into (harmonised) monitoring programs where biota are identified as indicators of plastic pollution.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    Rectifying misinformation on the climate intervention potential of ocean afforestation (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 15(1), pp. 3012-3012, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    Eddy activity in the Arctic Ocean projected to surge in a warming world (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Climate Change, Springer Nature, 14(2), pp. 1-7, ISSN: 1758-678X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-08
    Description: Ocean eddies play a critical role in climate and marine life. In the rapidly warming Arctic, little is known about how ocean eddy activity will change because existing climate models cannot resolve Arctic Ocean mesoscale eddies. Here, by employing a next-generation global sea ice–ocean model with kilometre-scale horizontal resolution in the Arctic, we find a surge of eddy kinetic energy in the upper Arctic Ocean, tripling on average in a four-degree-warmer world. The driving mechanism behind this surge is an increase in eddy generation due to enhanced baroclinic instability. Despite the decline of sea ice, eddy killing (a process in which eddies are dampened by sea ice and winds) will not weaken in its annual mean effect in the considered warming scenario. Our study suggests the importance of adequately representing Arctic eddy activity in climate models for understanding the impacts of its increase on climate and ecosystems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    Generation of macro- and microplastic databases by high-throughput FTIR analysis with microplate readers (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Springer Nature, 416(6), pp. 1311-1320, ISSN: 1618-2642
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-04
    Description: FTIR spectral identification is today’s gold standard analytical procedure for plastic pollution material characterization. High-throughput FTIR techniques have been advanced for small microplastics (10–500 µm) but less so for large microplastics (500–5 mm) and macroplastics (〉 5 mm). These larger plastics are typically analyzed using ATR, which is highly manual and can sometimes destroy particles of interest. Furthermore, spectral libraries are often inadequate due to the limited variety of reference materials and spectral collection modes, resulting from expensive spectral data collection. We advance a new high-throughput technique to remedy these problems using FTIR microplate readers for measuring large particles (〉 500 µm). We created a new reference database of over 6000 spectra for transmission, ATR, and reflection spectral collection modes with over 600 plastic, organic, and mineral reference materials relevant to plastic pollution research. We also streamline future analysis in microplate readers by creating a new particle holder for transmission measurements using off-the-shelf parts and fabricating a nonplastic 96-well microplate for storing particles. We determined that particles should be presented to microplate readers as thin as possible due to thick particles causing poor-quality spectra and identifications. We validated the new database using Open Specy and demonstrated that additional transmission and reflection spectra reference data were needed in spectral libraries.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 12
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    Grazing by nano- and microzooplankton on heterotrophic picoplankton dominates the biological carbon cycling around the Western Antarctic Peninsula (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Polar Biology, Springer Nature, 47(3), pp. 279-294, ISSN: 0722-4060
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Over the past 40 years, the significance of microzooplankton grazing in oceanic carbon cycling has been highlighted with the help of dilution experiments. The ecologically relevant Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) ecosystem in the Southern Ocean (SO), however, has not been well studied. Here we present data from dilution experiments, performed at three stations around the northern tip of the WAP to determine grazing rates of small zooplankton (hetero- and mixotrophic members of the 0.2–200 µm size fraction, SZP) on auto- and heterotrophic members of the 〈 200 µm plankton community as well as their gross growth. While variable impacts of SZP grazing on carbon cycling were measured, particulate organic carbon, not the traditionally used parameter chlorophyll a, provided the best interpretable results. Our results suggested that heterotrophic picoplankton played a significant role in the carbon turnover at all stations. Finally, a comparison of two stations with diverging characteristics highlights that SZP grazing eliminated 56–119% of gross particulate organic carbon production from the particulate fraction. Thus, SZP grazing eliminated 20–50 times more carbon from the particulate fraction compared to what was exported to depth, therefore significantly affecting the efficiency of the biological carbon pump at these SO sites.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 13
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    Multiannual patterns of genetic structure and mating type ratios highlight the complex bloom dynamics of a marine planktonic diatom (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 14(1), pp. 6028-6028, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Understanding the genetic structure of populations and the processes responsible for its spatial and temporal dynamics is vital for assessing species’ adaptability and survival in changing environments. We investigate the genetic fingerprinting of blooming populations of the marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean Sea) from 2008 to 2020. Strains were genotyped using microsatellite fingerprinting and natural samples were also analysed with Microsatellite Pool-seq Barcoding based on Illumina sequencing of microsatellite loci. Both approaches revealed a clonal expansion event in 2013 and a more stable genetic structure during 2017–2020 compared to previous years. The identification of a mating type (MT) determination gene allowed to assign MT to strains isolated over the years. MTs were generally at equilibrium with two notable exceptions, including the clonal bloom of 2013. The populations exhibited linkage equilibrium in most blooms, indicating that sexual reproduction leads to genetic homogenization. Our findings show that P. multistriata blooms exhibit a dynamic genetic and demographic composition over time, most probably determined by deeper-layer cell inocula. Occasional clonal expansions and MT imbalances can potentially affect the persistence and ecological success of planktonic diatoms.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    Biogeographic gradients of picoplankton diversity indicate increasing dominance of prokaryotes in warmer Arctic fjords (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Biology, Springer Nature, 7(1), pp. 256-256, ISSN: 2399-3642
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Climate change is opening the Arctic Ocean to increasing human impact and ecosystem changes. Arctic fjords, the region’s most productive ecosystems, are sustained by a diverse microbial community at the base of the food web. Here we show that Arctic fjords become more prokaryotic in the picoplankton (0.2–3 µm) with increasing water temperatures. Across 21 fjords, we found that Arctic fjords had proportionally more trophically diverse (autotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic) picoeukaryotes, while subarctic and temperate fjords had relatively more diverse prokaryotic trophic groups. Modeled oceanographic connectivity between fjords suggested that transport alone would create a smooth gradient in beta diversity largely following the North Atlantic Current and East Greenland Current. Deviations from this suggested that picoeukaryotes had some strong regional patterns in beta diversity that reduced the effect of oceanographic connectivity, while prokaryotes were mainly stopped in their dispersal if strong temperature differences between sites were present. Fjords located in high Arctic regions also generally had very low prokaryotic alpha diversity. Ultimately, warming of Arctic fjords could induce a fundamental shift from more trophic diverse eukaryotic- to prokaryotic-dominated communities, with profound implications for Arctic ecosystem dynamics including their productivity patterns.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 15
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    Turnover e aninhamento de hifomicetos aquáticos em riachos subtropicais de diferentes usos da terra. (2024)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Streams, small rivers, are endowed with exclusive energetic dynamics: decomposition of allochthonous material, and formation of microhabitats and ecotones between aquatic communities and riparian vegetation. Regarding this input of organic matter, aquatic fungi make up most of the biomass of organic matter decomposers, they are biomineralizers of foliar nutrients and through decomposition link the matter to the entire trophic network. Aquatic fungi are a polyphyletic group adapted to this environment, and have different taxonomic levels grouped together. These microorganisms are the target of ecological studies due to their important, still their spatial distribution still lacks elucidation, as well as the influence of limnological on biotic parameters. The fungal communities, composition and beta diversity, were investigated in this study separated into two approaches: i) the beta diversity of aquatic fungi in streams under different land uses; ii) the nesting of fungal eDNA sequences in a protected area and an impacted area. The biotic data were obtained from leaf mixes, and represent the biodiversity of the aquatic FUNGA present in streams of the Atlantic Forest, being pioneering studies for the subtropical region. Furthermore, the results may contribute as a basis for future studies within the mycology of aquatic environments. Approach I, in a taxonomic approach, demonstrated fungal diversity in presence of ambiental heterogeneity. Approach II, through metabarcoding, demonstrates the sensitivity of the use of genomic databases in ecological analyses. The results presented here reinforce the need for management and conservation plans for riparian vegetation, which forms the aquatic microecosystem, used by fungi for their decomposition and other ecosystem functions.
    Description: Os riachos, rios de pequena ordem, são dotados de dinâmicas energéticas exclusivas: formação de microhabitats, formação de ecótonos entre comunidades aquáticas e vegetação ripária, e a decomposição deste material alóctone. A respeito deste input de matéria orgânica, os fungos aquáticos compõem a maior parte da biomassa de decompositores de matéria orgânica e atuam como biomineralizadores dos nutrientes foliares ao disponibilizarem à toda rede trófica. Os fungos aquáticos são um grupo polifilético de fungos adaptados a este ambiente, e apresentam diferentes níveis taxonômicos agrupados. Estes microrganismos são alvo de estudos ecológicos devido a sua importância, sua distribuição espacial ainda carece de esclarecimentos, bem como a influência dos parâmetros limnológicos sobre os bióticos. As comunidades fúngicas, composição e beta diversidade, foram investigadas neste estudo separado em duas abordagens: i) a beta diversidade de fungos aquáticos em riachos sob diferentes usos da terra; ii) o aninhamento de sequências de eDNA fúngico em uma área protegida e outra antropizada. Os dados bióticos foram obtidos de mixes de folhas, e representam a biodiversidade da funga aquática dos riachos da Mata Atlântica, sendo estudos pioneiros para a região subtropical. Ademais, as abordagens dispõem de resultados que podem contribuir como base para futuros estudos dentro da micologia de ambientes aquáticos. A primeira abordagem, taxonômica, demonstrou a diversidade fúngica na presença de heterogeneidade ambiental. A segunda abordagem, através do metabarcoding, demonstra a sensibilidade do uso de banco de dados genômicos em análises ecológicas. Os resultados aqui obtidos indicam a necessidade de planos de manejo e conservação da vegetação ripária, que forma o microecossistema aquático, utilizado por fungos para sua decomposição e demais funções ecossistêmicas.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Hyphomycetes aquáticos (Fungos conidiais) ; Microrganismos aquáticos ; Diversidade ; Sinecologia ; Riachos subtropicais ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::M::Microorganisms ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::S::Streams ; ASFA_2015::S::Synecology ; ASFA_2015::S::Species diversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 16
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    Impactos das mudanças globais nos ecossistemas aquáticos: uma análise das respostas de microrganismos sob diferentes estressores ambientais. (2024)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: Environmental changes occur at a global level and are enhanced by human activities, with significant impacts on natural ecosystems by affecting the temperature, nutrient load and input of organic debris in freshwater bodies or aquatic systems. In the first section, we investigated the impacts of increased temperature, nutrient input, predation by fish and a reduction in organic detritus on the community of testate amoebae, rotifers and periphytic cladocerans over 49 experimental days. The second section analyzed the effects of increased temperature, nutrient input and reduced organic detritus on the testate amoeba community during 160 experimental days. The experiments were carried out in mesocosms with three temperature conditions: control (referring to the ambient temperature), constant increase of +4°C and fluctuation between 2°C and 6°C above the control, with and without enrichment by nitrogen and phosphorus, and reduction of organic detritus, controlled by previous additions of this detritus. In relation to the results of the first section, the density of the groups analyzed was significantly impacted by the increase in temperature, while the other stressors explored in this work did not represent a significant influence on the abundance of the communities. As for community composition, the presence of nutrients had a more predominant impact on community structure, although specific species distribution patterns were not identified. For the second section, it was evident that warming resulted in a reduction in species diversity (demonstrated by the Shannon index), with a tendency for species richness to decrease in the face of this stressor. On the other hand, nutrient enrichment was responsible for an increase in richness, with time being a relevant factor in this context. As for changes in community density, nutrients and time emerged as the main factors influencing these changes. Analysis of species diversity using the Shannon index revealed greater diversity in the temperature control treatments, with time exerting a significant influence on community structure throughout the experiment. For species composition, the βtotal diversity analysis highlighted the importance of temperature, presence of detritus and time. The βrepl and βrich components were notably affected by temperature and time, indicating changes in species identity.
    Description: Alterações ambientais ocorrem em níveis globais e são potencializadas por atividades humanas, apresentando impactos expressivos nos ecossistemas naturais ao afetar a temperatura, a carga de nutrientes e o aporte de detritos orgânicos dos corpos de água doce/ ou sistemas aquáticos. Deste modo, investigou-se os impactos do aumento de temperatura, da entrada de nutrientes, da predação por peixes e da redução de detritos orgânicos na comunidade de amebas testáceas, rotíferos e cladóceros perifíticos por 49 dias experimentais. Analisou-se os efeitos do aumento da temperatura, aporte de nutrientes e diminuição de detritos orgânicos na comunidade de amebas testáceas durante 160 dias experimentais. Os experimentos foram realizados em mesocosmos com três condições de temperatura: controle (referente à temperatura ambiente), aumento constante de +4°C e flutuação entre 2°C e 6°C acima do controle, com e sem enriquecimento por nitrogênio e fósforo, e redução de detritos orgânicos, controlado por adições prévias deste detrito. Em relação aos resultados, a densidade dos grupos analisados foi significativamente impactada pelo aumento da temperatura, enquanto os demais estressores explorados neste trabalho não representaram uma influência significativa para a abundância das comunidades. Quanto à composição das comunidades, a presença de nutrientes teve um impacto de maior predominância na estrutura da comunidade, embora padrões específicos de distribuição de espécies não tenham sido identificados. Em evidência, destaca-se que o aquecimento resultou na redução da diversidade de espécies (demonstrada pelo índice de Shannon), com tendência de diminuição da riqueza de espécies frente a este estressor. Em contrapartida, o enriquecimento por nutrientes foi responsável pelo aumento da riqueza, sendo o tempo um fator relevante nesse contexto. Quanto às alterações na densidade da comunidade, os fatores nutrientes e tempo emergiram como os principais influenciadores dessas mudanças. A análise da diversidade de espécies utilizando o índice de Shannon, revelou maiores diversidades nos tratamentos com temperatura controle, com o tempo exercendo uma influência significativa na estrutura da comunidade ao longo do experimento. Para a composição das espécies, a análise de diversidade βtotal destacou a importância da temperatura, presença de detritos e tempo. Os componentes βrepl e βrich foram notavelmente afetados por temperatura e tempo, indicando mudanças na identidade das espécies.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Microrganismos aquáticos de água doce ; Microfauna de água doce ; Ecossistemas de água doce ; Bioindicadores ; Mudanças climáticas ; Impactos ambientais ; Mesocosmos ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::B::Bioindicators ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::M::Mesocosms ; ASFA_2015::M::Microfauna ; ASFA_2015::M::Microorganisms
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 17
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    Less variability when growing faster? Experimental assessment of the relationship of growth rate with functional traits of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Hydrobiologia, Springer Nature, 851(9), pp. 2173-2187, ISSN: 1037-0544
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Diversity and its drivers and consequences are at the heart of ecological research. Mostly, studies have focused on different species, but if the causes for increases or decreases in diversity are general, the observed patterns should also be observable within genotypes. As previous research shows that there is higher variability in nitrogen to phosphorus ratios (N/P) between slow-growing unicellular algal populations, compared to fast-growing ones, we expected to observe similar patterns within genetically identical strains growing at different rates. We tested this hypothesis in a laboratory experiment performed with a monoculture of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Using a growth rate gradient obtained with 10 chemostats, we were able to determine the effect of growth rate on the diatom’s elemental stoichiometry as well as on selected traits, such as cell size and shape. Our results showed indeed less intercellular variability (in the selected traits assessed on single-cell level) in the faster-growing populations, which was accompanied by a downward trend in bulk N/P ratios. We pose that this higher variability at lower growth rates potentially results in higher variability of the food sources available for higher trophic levels with potential consequences for the transfer efficiency of energy and matter in marine food webs.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 18
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    Rapid Laurentide Ice Sheet growth preceding the Last Glacial Maximum due to summer snowfall (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Springer Nature, pp. 1-10, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: There has been extensive research into the nonlinear responses of the Earth system to astronomical forcing during the last glacial cycle. However, the speed and spatial geometry of ice sheet expansion to its largest extent at the Last Glacial Maximum 21 thousand years ago remains uncertain. Here we use an Earth system model with interactive ice sheets to show that distinct initial North American (Laurentide) ice sheets at 38 thousand years ago converge towards a configuration consistent with the Last Glacial Maximum due to feedbacks between atmospheric circulation and ice sheet geometry. Notably, ice advance speed and spatial pattern in our model are controlled by the amount of summer snowfall, which is dependent on moisture transport pathways from the North Atlantic warm pool linked to ice sheet geometry. The consequence of increased summer snowfall on the surface mass balance of the ice sheet is not only the direct increase in accumulation but the indirect reduction in melt through the snow/ice–albedo feedback. These feedbacks provide an effective mechanism for ice growth for a range of initial ice sheet states and may explain the rapid North American ice volume increase during the last ice age and potentially driving growth during previous glacial periods.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 19
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    Phylogenetic systematics of Mesonauta Günther 1862 (Cichliformes: Cichlidae: Cichlinae). (2024)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-04
    Description: Cichlids have evolved into models for studying the evolutionary history of Neotropical fish. Many authors attempted to recover the group's phylogeny using morphological and molecular data, presenting satisfying solutions across a wide range of genera. However, intrageneric relationships remain obscure in a number of genus, potentially complicating species delimitation. Mesonauta presents six distinct species that are highly valued by aquarists. Currently, there is no proposed phylogenetic relationship between its species; however, it has a wide geographic distribution and phenotypic variations, with the possibility of new species not yet described. Species of the genus were delimited using molecular and morphometric data from preserved and deposited species in ichthyological collections. From the six previously described species, COI delimitate different species, since two of them (Mesonauta egregius and M. guyanae) were not corroborated by delimitation analysis and two are putative new species, showing six different species: M. mirificus, M. festivus, Mesonauta sp. “Pantanal”, M. acora, Mesonauta sp. “Amapá” and M. insignis. The results showed a new basis for studies within the genus and further research is needed to understand the wide distribution of M. mirificus. Mesonauta's monophyly was tested and the relationships between species by constructing concatenated cladograms based on molecular characters (COI, 16S) using three phylogenetic methods, from which two main clades were recovered a new species of Mesonauta was described from the Amapá Grande river basin, based on morphological and molecular characteristics, in a region affected by the presence of mercury. This is the first step in investigating the molecular phylogeny of Mesonauta, which showed intrageneric relationships based on molecular data, enabled the description of a new species of the genus and provided information for future research on the evolutionary history of the group.
    Description: Ciclídeos tornaram-se modelos para o estudo da história evolutiva de peixes da região Neotropical. Muitos autores têm tentado recuperar a filogenia do grupo com dados morfológicos e moleculares, apresentando resoluções satisfatórias entre muitos gêneros. Entretanto, as relações de parentesco intragenéricas ainda permanecem obscuras para vários gêneros, o que pode dificultar até mesmo a delimitação das espécies. Mesonauta apresenta seis espécies válidas, muito apreciadas pelos aquaristas. Atualmente não há nenhuma proposta filogenética de relações entre suas espécies e o gênero apresenta ampla distribuição geográfica e variações fenotípicas, com possíveis espécies novas não descritas. Foram delimitadas as espécies do gênero, a partir de dados moleculares e morfométricos de espécimes conservados e depositados em coleções ictiológicas. Das seis espécies descritas anteriormente, o COI delimita espécies diferentes, uma vez que duas delas (Mesonauta egregius e M. guyanae) não foram corroboradas pela análise de delimitação e duas são supostas espécies novas, mostrando seis diferentes espécies: Mesonauta mirificus, M. festivus, Mesonauta sp. “Pantanal”, M. acora, Mesonauta sp. “Amapá” and M. insignis. Os resultados mostraram uma nova base para estudos dentro do gênero e novas pesquisas são necessárias para entender a ampla distribuição de M. mirificus. Foi testado o monofiletismo de Mesonauta e as relações entre as espécies, com a construção de cladogramas baseados em caracteres moleculares (COI, 16S) utilizando três métodos filogenéticos, dos quais dois clados principais foram recuperados. Uma espécie nova de Mesonauta foi descrita da bacia do rio Amapá Grande, baseada em características morfológicas e moleculares, em uma região afetada pela presença de mercúrio. Este é o primeiro passo na investigação da filogenia molecular de Mesonauta, que mostrou relações intragenéricas baseadas em dados moleculares, possibilitou a descrição de uma espécie nova do gênero e forneceu informações para futuras pesquisas sobre a história evolutiva do grupo.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Mesonauta Günther 1862 (Cichliformes: Cichlidae: Cichlinae) "acará, cará" ; Peixes de água doce ; Sistemática filogenética ; Delimitação de espécies ; Descrição de espécies ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::S::Species ; ASFA_2015::S::Systematics ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy ; ASFA_2015::P::Phylogeny
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 20
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    Glacial isostatic adjustment reduces past and future Arctic subsea permafrost (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 15(1), pp. 3232-3232, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Sea-level rise submerges terrestrial permafrost in the Arctic, turning it into subsea permafrost. Subsea permafrost underlies ~ 1.8 million km2 of Arctic continental shelf, with thicknesses in places exceeding 700 m. Sea-level variations over glacial-interglacial cycles control subsea permafrost distribution and thickness, yet no permafrost model has accounted for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), which deviates local sea level from the global mean due to changes in ice and ocean loading. Here we incorporate GIA into a pan-Arctic model of subsea permafrost over the last 400,000 years. Including GIA significantly reduces present-day subsea permafrost thickness, chiefly because of hydro-isostatic effects as well as deformation related to Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Additionally, we extend the simulation 1000 years into the future for emissions scenarios outlined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s sixth assessment report. We find that subsea permafrost is preserved under a low emissions scenario but mostly disappears under a high emissions scenario.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 21
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    The functional diversity of fishes in a Neotropical reservoir based on intraspecific trait variability: trends on community assembly rules and biological invasions. (2024)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-01
    Description: An essential question in ecology relies on whether to analyze functional diversity through species traits or to explore the traits' variability at the individual level. Traditionally, several studies have been based on unique values to represent species traits, assuming that intraspecific trait variation (ITV) has minimal impact on overall community trait variability. However, ITV can significantly influence assessments of individual and species adaptation to environmental disturbances, providing insights concerning density patterns, speciation, dispersal, and biological interactions. Thus, the importance of ITV was assessed from two perspectives: (i) community assembly rules and (ii) biological invasions. A dataset comprising ten morphological traits related to habitat use and diet of 5226 fishes belonging to 49 species that occupy the marginal areas of the Itaipu Reservoir (Brazil) was used as a case study. First, the relative contributions of ITV and species turnover (interspecific variability) to overall trait variability and the strength of internal and external filters on fish assemblages using individual traits were investigated. Species turnover accounted for most trait variance within assemblages, but ITV also played an important role for specific traits. Internal filters such as competition highly influence the functional diversity of fish species in an old reservoir. Alternatively, external filters (i.e., regional processes) did not present significant effects on functional traits, which may be related to their greater influence during the reservoir's filling phase. The difference between the functional niche occupied by native species and non-native ones, and the impact of non-native species dominance on the functional diversity patterns of native assemblages (indexed by functional richness, functional evenness, functional divergence, and functional redundancy) was also investigated. It was observed that the functional niche occupied by native species differs from non-native species, suggesting that non-native species have traits that enable them to exploit resources differently. Non-native species presented negative effects on the functional attributes of native fish populations, even in highly impacted environments such as reservoirs, reinforcing the importance of understanding the dynamics between native and non-native species in specific ecosystems. It is expected that the results of this study will assist in the development of public policies in the area of reservoir conservation, offering new insights into critical mechanisms associated with the biodiversity of the marginal regions of reservoirs that are exploited by human activities.
    Description: Uma questão fundamental na ecologia consiste na escolha entre analisar a diversidade funcional por meio de traços a nível de espécie ou explorar a variabilidade dentro de cada espécie, a nível de indivíduo. Tradicionalmente, a maioria dos estudos têm se baseado em valores únicos para representar os traços das espécies, assumindo que a variabilidade intraespecífica dos traços (VIT) tem um impacto mínimo na variabilidade geral dos traços em uma comunidade. No entanto, a VIT pode influenciar significativamente a adaptação das espécies a perturbações ambientais, fornecendo insights sobre padrões de densidade, especiação, dispersão e interações biológicas. Assim, a importância da VIT foi avaliada a partir de duas perspectivas: (i) regras de montagem de comunidades e (ii) invasões biológicas, utilizando como estudo de caso um conjunto de dados composto por 10 traços morfológicos relacionados ao uso de habitat e dieta de 5226 peixes pertencentes a 49 espécies que ocupam as margens do reservatório de Itaipu. Primeiro, investigou-se a contribuição relativa da VIT versus turnover de espécies (variabilidade interespecífica) para a variabilidade geral dos traços, e também quais filtros atuam sobre as assembleias de peixes utilizando dados a nível de indivíduo. O turnover de espécies representou a maior parte da variância dos traços dentro das assembleias, mas a VIT também exerceu um papel significativo, especialmente para alguns traços. Observou-se que os filtros internos, como a competição, parecem atuar sobre a diversidade funcional das espécies de peixes em um reservatório antigo. Filtros externos (ou seja, processos regionais) não apresentaram efeitos significativos, o que pode ser atribuído à sua provável maior influência durante a fase de formação do reservatório, onde mudanças ambientais ocorreram de forma mais frequente. Investigou-se também a diferença entre o nicho funcional ocupado por espécies nativas e não nativas, e o impacto da dominância de espécies não nativas sobre a riqueza, equitabilidade, divergência e redundância funcional das assembleias de peixes nativas. Observou-se que nicho funcional ocupado por espécies nativas difere das espécies não nativas, sugerindo que as espécies não nativas possuem traços que lhes permitem explorar recursos de maneira diferente. Também se demonstrou que espécies não nativas exerceram efeitos negativos nos atributos funcionais das populações de peixes nativos, mesmo em ambientes altamente impactados como os reservatórios, destacando a importância de compreender a dinâmica entre espécies nativas e não nativas dentro de ecossistemas específicos. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo auxiliem na elaboração de políticas públicas na área da conservação de reservatórios, oferecendo novos insights sobre mecanismos críticos associados à biodiversidade das áreas marginais de reservatórios que são exploradas por atividades humanas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Invasões biológicas ; Diversidade funcional ; Ecomorfologia ; Variabilidade intraespecífica dos traços (VIT) ; Reservatórios ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::D::Dams ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity ; ASFA_2015::D
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  • 22
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    Assessing plastic pollution in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems:an integrated study of pollution in organisms and environments. (2024)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-05
    Description: Plastics are pervasive contaminants worldwide, accumulating from the poles to the equator, spanning pristine environments to deep ocean basins.This workexplores how seasonal variations in a floodplain influence the ingestion of plastics by freshwater fish and systematically examines trends and gaps in Brazilian research related to plastic pollution.Additionally, the potential relationship between anthropogenic activities and the amounts of plastic found in Brazilian aquatic environmentswas investigated.Among the 23 fish species analyzed in the Upper Paraná River floodplain, nine were ingested plastics, and the particles were associated with fishingactivity and domestic waste. Seasonality played a crucial role in the amounts of plastic ingested by these species, with the highest number of particles recorded during the wet season. As for trends and gaps in Brazilian research on plastic pollution, a substantial number of publications related to marine environments, microplastics, and fishwas identified. Conversely, freshwater environments and invertebrates are underexplored.Considering the distribution of studies within Brazilian biomes, the Pantanaland Cerrado had the lowest number of publications—an alarming trend considering the significant rivers and basins they house.Finally, themodels were unable to find strong and significant correlations between the number of plastics and anthropogenic activities in Brazilian municipalities.The lack of significant relationships may be attributed to the limitations of our dataset, specificallydue to the low number of studies.Nevertheless, other factors influenced the quantities of plastic detected.In biotic samples, the number of ingested plastics was influenced by the animal group, with reptiles, birds, and fish being the most affected groups. For abiotic samples, the type of environment emerged as a significant factor.In sediment samples, the quantity of plastics was higher in estuarine and freshwater environments. In water samples, the quantity of plastics was higher exclusively in freshwater environments.The finds of this workcontribute to new research on plastic pollution in Brazilian aquatic environments, expanding theunderstanding of the dynamics of plastics in freshwater environments and their interaction with various organisms.
    Description: Plásticos são contaminantes onipresentes no planeta, acumulando-se dos polos ao equador, desde ambientes pristinos em grandes altitudes até bacias oceânicas profundas. Investigou-se como a ingestão de plásticos por peixes de água doce é influenciada pelas variações sazonais de uma planície de inundação, bem como as tendências e lacunas da pesquisa brasileira em relação a poluição plástica. Investigou-se também a possível relação entre atividades antropogênicas e as quantidades de plástico encontradas nos ambientes aquáticos brasileiros. Das 23 espécies de peixes analisadas na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, nove ingeriram plásticos, e as partículas encontradas são associadas com a atividade pesqueira e o lixo doméstico. A sazonalidade promovida pelo ciclo hidrológico desempenhou um papel importante nas quantidades de plásticos ingeridas por essas espécies, onde o maior número de partículas foi registrado durante o período de cheias. Em relação as tendências e lacunas da pesquisa brasileira sobre a poluição plástica, encontrou-se um grande número de publicações para ambientes marinhos, microplásticos e peixes. Ambientes de água doce e invertebrados permanecem pouco estudados no país. Considerando a distribuição dos estudos dentro dos biomas brasileiros, Pantanal e Cerrado foram os biomas com o menor número de publicações, um fato preocupante visto os importantes rios e bacias que estes abrigam. Por fim, os modelos não encontraram correlações entre a quantidade de plásticos e as atividades antropogênicas dos municípios brasileiros. A ausência dessas relações pode estar relacionada às limitações do conjunto de dados, especificamente devido ao baixo número de estudos com dados disponíveis. Entretanto, outros fatores influenciaram as quantidades de plásticos encontradas. Em amostras bióticas, o número de plásticos ingeridos esteve associado ao grupo animal, sendo os répteis, aves e peixes os mais afetados. Para amostras abióticas, o tipo de ambiente foi um fator influente. Em amostras de sedimento o número de plásticos foi maior para ambientes estuarinos e de água doce. Para as amostras de água, o número de plásticos foi maior apenas para ambientes de água doce. Devido aos efeitos negativos da poluição plástica e à importância econômica e ecológica das espécies afetadas, os resultados desse estudo representam um passo importante na avaliação dos impactos gerados nas populações de peixes de água doce pela ingestão de plásticos. Espera-se que estes resultados contribuam para o direcionamento de novas pesquisas em relação a poluição plástica nos ambientes aquáticos brasileiros, e que estes estudos expandam nosso conhecimento sobre a dinâmica dos plásticos em ambientes de água doce, assim como sua interação com diferentes organismos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Organismos de água doce ; Peixes de água doce ; Ecossistemas aquáticos de água doce ; Ingestão de plásticos ; Poluição aquática ; Plásticos ; Impactos ambientais ; Impactos antropogênicos ; Revisão sistemática ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::O::Organisms (aquatic) ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::P::Pollution ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::A::Anthropogenic effects ; ASFA_2015::S::Systematics ; ASFA_2015::P::Plastics ; ASFA_2015::L::Literature reviews
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 23
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    Patterns of parasitic infections in fish from a floodplain: use of functional traits and phylogeny from fish and parasites. (2024)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: Functional traits are the measurable properties of organisms that influence their performance through their effects on individual growth, survival, and reproduction. Therefore, the choice of functional characteristics is essential for drawing solid ecological conclusions and predicting ecosystem properties and interactions between organisms. The structure of the parasite community can vary over time and space, resulting from variations in host characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, and environmental characteristics. These can be examined at different levels of diversity: alpha (local diversity) and beta (variation in community composition between locations), including multiple facets such as taxonomic (TD), functional (FD), and phylogenetic (PD). We evaluated which host characteristics may be determinant in the composition of fish parasites from the upper Paraná River floodplain; and compared different facets of endoparasite biodiversity at the sampling unit level (α diversity or parasite diversity at the level of an individual host) and between sampling units (parasite diversity within (β1) or between (β2) host individuals of a species). The host's diet was the factor that had the greatest influence on the composition and similarity of endoparasites in floodplain fish. The α diversity of endoparasite species differed mainly in terms of TD and PPD. Regarding β diversity, the parasite communities presented patterns grouped at different levels (β1 and β2, respectively). To explain patterns in endoparasite diversity, functional traits, and fish phylogeny act as drivers of parasite community structure, with diet being one of the main factors. And the assembly patterns in the endoparasite infracommunities of different floodplain host species reflect the characteristics of their component and composite communities.
    Description: As características funcionais são as propriedades mensuráveis dos organismos que influenciam seu desempenho por meio de seus efeitos no crescimento, sobrevivência e reprodução individual. Dessa forma, a escolha das características funcionais são essencias para tirar conclusões ecológicas sólidas, bem como prever propriedades do ecossistema e interações entre organismos. A estrutura da comunidade parasitária pode variar ao longo do tempo e do espaço, resultante de variação das características dos hospedeiros, relações filogenéticas e características do ambiente. Estas podem ser examinadas em diferentes níveis de diversidade: alfa (diversidade local) e beta (variação da composição da comunidade entre locais), incluindo múltiplas facetas, como a taxonômica (TD), funcional (FD) e filogenética (PD). Avaliou-se quais características do hospedeiro podem ser determinantes na composição dos parasitas de peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná; e comparou-se as diferentes facetas da biodiversidade de endoparasitas no nível da unidade amostral (diversidade α ou diversidade parasitária no nível de um hospedeiro individual) e entre unidades amostrais (diversidade de parasitas dentro de (β1) ou entre (β2) indivíduos hospedeiros de uma espécie). A dieta do hospedeiro foi o fator que apresentou maior influência na composição e similaridade dos endoparasitas em peixes da planície de inundação. A diversidade α das espécies de endoparasitas diferiu principalmente em termos de TD e PPD. Quanto à diversidade β, as comunidades parasitárias apresentaram padrões agrupados em diferentes níveis (β1 e β2, respectivamente). Para explicar padrões na diversidade de endoparasitas, as características funcionais e a filogenia de peixes atuam juntas como impulsionadores da estrutura da comunidade parasitária, sendo a dieta um dos principais fatores. E os padrões de montagem nas infracomunidades de endoparasitas de diferentes espécies hospedeiras da planície de inundação refletem as características de suas comunidades componentes e compostas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Parasitismo animal ; Peixes de água doce ; Ictioparasitologia de água doce ; Interação parasita-hospedeiro ; Comunidades ; Comunidade endoparasitária ; Host-parasite relationships ; Endoparasitismo ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::P::Parasitism ; ASFA_2015::I::Interactions ; ASFA_2015::E::Endoparasites ; ASFA_2015::E::Endoparasitism ; ASFA_2015::P::Parasitofauna ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::P::Parasites
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 24
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    Simulating long-term wildfire impacts on boreal forest structure in Central Yakutia, Siberia, since the Last Glacial Maximum (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Fire Ecology, Springer Nature, 20(1), pp. 1-1, ISSN: 1933-9747
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: Background: Wildfires are recognized as an important ecological component of larch-dominated boreal forests in eastern Siberia. However, long-term fire-vegetation dynamics in this unique environment are poorly understood. Recent paleoecological research suggests that intensifying fire regimes may induce millennial-scale shifts in forest structure and composition. This may, in turn, result in positive feedback on intensifying wildfires and permafrost degradation, apart from threatening human livelihoods. Most common fire-vegetation models do not explicitly include detailed individual-based tree population dynamics, but a focus on patterns of forest structure emerging from interactions among individual trees may provide a beneficial perspective on the impacts of changing fire regimes in eastern Siberia. To simulate these impacts on forest structure at millennial timescales, we apply the individual-based, spatially explicit vegetation model LAVESI-FIRE, expanded with a new fire module. Satellite-based fire observations along with fieldwork data were used to inform the implementation of wildfire occurrence and adjust model parameters. Results: Simulations of annual forest development and wildfire activity at a study site in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) since the Last Glacial Maximum (c. 20,000 years BP) highlight the variable impacts of fire regimes on forest structure throughout time. Modeled annual fire probability and subsequent burned area in the Holocene compare well with a local reconstruction of charcoal influx in lake sediments. Wildfires can be followed by different forest regeneration pathways, depending on fire frequency and intensity and the pre-fire forest conditions. We find that medium-intensity wildfires at fire return intervals of 50 years or more benefit the dominance of fire-resisting Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.), while stand-replacing fires tend to enable the establishment of evergreen conifers. Apart from post-fire mortality, wildfires modulate forest development mainly through competition effects and a reduction of the model’s litter layer. Conclusion: With its fine-scale population dynamics, LAVESI-FIRE can serve as a highly localized, spatially explicit tool to understand the long-term impacts of boreal wildfires on forest structure and to better constrain interpretations of paleoecological reconstructions of fire activity.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 25
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    Decadal-scale variability and warming affect spring timing and forest growth across the western Great Lakes region (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3International Journal of Biometeorology, Springer Nature, 68(4), pp. 1-17, ISSN: 0020-7128
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-21
    Description: The Great Lakes region of North America has warmed by 1–2 °C on average since pre-industrial times, with the most pronounced changes observable during winter and spring. Interannual variability in temperatures remains high, however, due to the influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns that modulate the warming trend across years. Variations in spring temperatures determine growing season length and plant phenology, with implications for whole ecosystem function. Studying how both internal climate variability and the “secular” warming trend interact to produce trends in temperature is necessary to estimate potential ecological responses to future warming scenarios. This study examines how external anthropogenic forcing and decadal-scale variability influence spring temperatures across the western Great Lakes region and estimates the sensitivity of regional forests to temperature using long-term growth records from tree-rings and satellite data. Using a modeling approach designed to test for regime shifts in dynamic time series, this work shows that mid-continent spring climatology was strongly influenced by the 1976/1977 phase change in North Pacific atmospheric circulation, and that regional forests show a strengthening response to spring temperatures during the last half-century.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Projected poleward migration of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink region under high emissions (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 5(1), pp. 232-232, ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-11
    Description: The Southern Ocean is a major region of ocean carbon uptake, but its future changes remain uncertain under climate change. Here we show the projected shift in the Southern Ocean CO2 sink using a suite of Earth System Models, revealing changes in the mechanism, position and seasonality of the carbon uptake. The region of dominant CO2 uptake shifts from the Subtropical to the Antarctic region under the high-emission scenario. The warming-driven sea-ice melt, increased ocean stratification, mixed layer shoaling, and a weaker vertical carbon gradient is projected to together reduce the winter de-gassing in the future, which will trigger the switch from mixing-driven outgassing to solubility-driven uptake in the Antarctic region during the winter season. The future Southern Ocean carbon sink will be poleward-shifted, operating in a hybrid mode between biologically-driven summertime and solubility-driven wintertime uptake with further amplification of biologically-driven uptake due to the increasing Revelle Factor.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 27
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    Enhanced response of soil respiration to experimental warming upon thermokarst formation (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Springer Nature, pp. 1-7, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: As global temperatures continue to rise, a key uncertainty of terrestrial carbon (C)–climate feedback is the rate of C loss upon abrupt permafrost thaw. This type of thawing—termed thermokarst—may in turn accelerate or dampen the response of microbial degradation of soil organic matter and carbon dioxide (CO2) release to climate warming. However, such impacts have not yet been explored in experimental studies. Here, by experimentally warming three thermo-erosion gullies in an upland thermokarst site combined with incubating soils from five additional thermokarst-impacted sites on the Tibetan Plateau, we investigate how warming responses of soil CO2 release would change upon upland thermokarst formation. Our results show that warming-induced increase in soil CO2 release is ~5.5 times higher in thermokarst features than the adjacent non-thermokarst landforms. This larger warming response is associated with the lower substrate quality and higher abundance of microbial functional genes for recalcitrant C degradation in thermokarst-affected soils. Taken together, our study provides experimental evidence that warming-associated soil CO2 loss becomes stronger upon abrupt permafrost thaw, which could exacerbate the positive soil C–climate feedback in permafrost-affected regions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 28
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    Magma recharge and mush rejuvenation drive paroxysmal activity at Stromboli volcano (2024)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-17
    Description: Open-conduit basaltic volcanoes can be characterised by sudden large explosive events (paroxysms) that interrupt normal effusive and mild explosive activity. In June-August 2019, one major explosion and two paroxysms occurred at Stromboli volcano (Italy) within only 64 days. Here, via a multifaceted approach using clinopyroxene, we show arrival of mafic recharges up to a few days before the onset of these events and their effects on the eruption pattern at Stromboli, as a prime example of a persistently active, open-conduit basaltic volcano. Our data indicate a rejuvenated Stromboli plumbing system where the extant crystal mush is efficiently permeated by recharge magmas with minimum remobilisation promoting a direct linkage between the deeper and the shallow reservoirs that sustains the currently observed larger variability of eruptive behaviour. Our approach provides vital insights into magma dynamics and their effects on monitoring signals demonstrating the power of petrological studies in interpreting patterns of surficial activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 7717
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano ; clinopyroxene ; paroxysmal activity ; Eruptive timescales ; Thermobarometry ; Petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 29
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    Land use and cover drives taxonomic and functional diversity of aquatic insects across tropical streams. (2024)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-22
    Description: Streams are ecosystems closely dependent to their adjacent ecotones, representing important water recharge sources for drainage networks and playing a central role in global nutrient cycling. The primary source of energy in streams comes from allochthonous material originating from riparian vegetation, which becomes available through processing performed by aquatic organisms. Modifications in the composition of the adjacent vegetation, which can be natural or due to land use and occupation, may alter the ecosystem functioning. Despite their critical role in preserving biodiversity, riparian ecosystems face continuous alteration or even removal. Anthropogenic activities, such as excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers in rural areas, and catchment imperviousness in urban areas, for example, negatively affect water quality, leading to contamination and disruptions in the food chain. Studies predominantly focus on densely forested riparian zones, composed mainly of trees, but natural riparian zones with herbaceous or shrubby vegetation have effects less explored when compared to woody vegetation. These include differences in channel stability and morphology, because woody vegetation is more suitable for stabilization of stream banks than herbaceous vegetation. These differences are particularly relevant for organisms like aquatic insects, that play a fundamental role in energy transfer to higher trophic levels and are widely used as bioindicators, given their sensitivity to environmental changes. Metrics such as richness and abundance are commonly used to estimate levels of biodiversity, but for a comprehensive understanding of the role of such species in ecosystem functioning, it is essential to also consider functional diversity. In this context, the following aspects were assessed: i) the effect of sub-basin riparian vegetation stratum (tree x shrub) on the composition and beta-diversity of aquatic insects in tropical streams and ii) the relationship between different levels of anthropogenic intensification and taxonomic and functional indices of aquatic insects, as well as their relationship with environmental variables. The study concluded that functional diversity was more sensitive than taxonomic diversity to changes related to land use and cover in riparian vegetation. Vegetation stratum (tree and shrub) significantly altered total functional diversity, while anthropogenic intensification significantly reduced all functional indices analysed and only one taxonomic index. The results obtained and analysed contributed to an analytical understanding of the functioning of tropical aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, the study provides valuable parameters and insights for future predictions and mitigation strategies in environments affected by human activities.
    Description: Riachos são ecossistemas estritamente dependentes dos seus ecótonos adjacentes, representando importantes fontes de recarga de água para redes de drenagem e desempenhando um papel central no ciclo global de nutrientes. A principal fonte de energia dos riachos é proveniente do material alóctone da vegetação ripária, que se torna disponível através do processamento pelos organismos aquáticos. Modificações na composição da vegetação adjacente, que podem ser naturais ou decorrentes do uso e cobertura da terra, podem alterar as funções ecossistêmicas. Apesar do seu papel fundamental na preservação da biodiversidade, os riachos são continuamente alterados ou até mesmo removidos. As atividades antrópicas, como o uso excessivo de pesticidas e fertilizantes nas zonas rurais, e a impermeabilização do solo em áreas urbanas, por exemplo, possuem um impacto negativo na qualidade da água, levando à contaminação e a perturbações na cadeia alimentar. Os estudos são predominantemente realizados nas zonas ripárias altamente florestadas, compostas principalmente por árvores de grande porte, mas as zonas ripárias naturais com vegetação herbácea ou arbustiva têm efeitos menos explorados quando comparadas com a vegetação arbórea. Entre os efeitos, incluem diferenças na estabilidade e morfologia do canal, porque a vegetação arbórea é mais adequada para a estabilização das margens do que a vegetação herbácea. Estas diferenças são particularmente relevantes para organismos como os insetos aquáticos, que desempenham um papel fundamental na transferência de energia para níveis tróficos superiores e são amplamente utilizados como bioindicadores, dada a sua sensibilidade às alterações ambientais. Métricas como riqueza e abundância são comumente utilizadas para estimar níveis de biodiversidade, mas para uma compreensão abrangente do papel dessas espécies no funcionamento do ecossistema, é essencial considerar também a diversidade funcional. Neste contexto, avaliou-se os seguintes aspectos: i) o efeito do estrato de vegetação ripária (arbóreo x arbustivo) da sub-bacia sobre a composição e diversidade beta de insetos aquáticos em riachos tropicais e ii) a relação entre a intensificação antrópica e as variáveis ambientais com índices taxonômicos e funcionais de insetos aquáticos. O estudo constatou que a diversidade funcional foi mais sensível às mudanças relacionadas com o uso e cobertura da terra na vegetação ripária. O estrato da vegetação (arbóreo e arbustivo) alterou significativamente a diversidade funcional total, enquanto a intensificação antrópica reduziu significativamente todos os índices funcionais analisados e apenas um taxonômico. Os resultados obtidos e analisados contribuíram para uma compreensão analítica do funcionamento dos ecossistemas aquáticos tropicais, destacando os efeitos do uso e cobertura da terra na diversidade funcional dos insetos aquáticos, em dois hotspots da biodiversidade. Outrossim, o estudo indica parâmetros e informações valiosas para futuras previsões e estratégias de mitigação em ambientes afetados por atividades humanas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Insetos aquáticos de água doce ; Ecologia de riachos ; Diversidade funcional e taxonômica ; Bioindicadores ambientais ; Uso e cobertura da terra ; Vegetação ripária ; Ações naturais e antrópicas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::I::Insects (aquatic) ; ASFA_2015::S::Streams ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecology ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity ; ASFA_2015::B::Bioindicators ; ASFA_2015::L::Land use ; ASFA_2015::R::Riparian vegetation ; ASFA_2015::H::Human impact
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 79pp.
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    The last 1100 years of activity of La Fossa caldera, Vulcano Island (Italy): new insights into stratigraphy, chronology, and landscape evolution (2024)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: A detailed study of past eruptive activity is crucial to understanding volcanic systems and associated hazards. We present a meticulous stratigraphic analysis, a comprehensive chronological reconstruction, thorough tephra mapping, and a detailed analysis of the interplay between primary and secondary volcanic processes of the post-900 AD activity of La Fossa caldera, including the two main systems of La Fossa volcano and Vulcanello cones (Vulcano Island, Italy). Our analyses demonstrate how the recent volcanic activity of La Fossa caldera is primarily characterized by effusive and Strombolian activity and Vulcanian eruptions, combined with sporadic sub-Plinian events and both impulsive and long-lasting phreatic explosions, all of which have the capacity to severely impact the entire northern sector of Vulcano island. We document a total of 30 eruptions, 25 from the La Fossa volcano and 5 from Vulcanello cones, consisting of ash to lapilli deposits and fields of ballistic bombs and blocks. Volcanic activity alternated with significant erosional phases and volcaniclastic re-sedimentation. Large-scale secondary erosion processes occur in response to the widespread deposition of fine-grained ash blankets, both onto the active cone of La Fossa and the watersheds conveying their waters into the La Fossa caldera. The continuous increase in ground height above sea level, particularly in the western sector of the caldera depression where key infrastructure is situated, is primarily attributed to long-term alluvial processes. We demonstrate how a specific methodological approach is key to the characterization and hazard assessment of low-to-high intensity volcanic activity, where tephra is emitted over long time periods and is intercalated with phases of erosion and re-sedimentation.
    Description: Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.
    Description: Published
    Description: 47
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active caldera; Aeolian archipelago; Historical eruptions; Island of Vulcano; Tephra; Volcano stratigraphy ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Herbivore diversity effects on Arctic tundra ecosystems: a systematic review (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Evidence, Springer Nature, 13(1), pp. 6-6, ISSN: 2047-2382
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-24
    Description: Background: Northern ecosystems are strongly influenced by herbivores that differ in their impacts on the ecosystem. Yet the role of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and functioning of tundra ecosystems has been overlooked. With climate and land-use changes causing rapid shifts in Arctic species assemblages, a better understanding of the consequences of herbivore diversity changes for tundra ecosystem functioning is urgently needed. This systematic review synthesizes available evidence on the effects of herbivore diversity on different processes, functions, and properties of tundra ecosystems. Methods: Following a published protocol, our systematic review combined primary field studies retrieved from bibliographic databases, search engines and specialist websites that compared tundra ecosystem responses to different levels of vertebrate and invertebrate herbivore diversity. We used the number of functional groups of herbivores (i.e., functional group richness) as a measure of the diversity of the herbivore assemblage. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of studies using pre-defined eligibility criteria. We critically appraised the validity of the studies, tested the influence of different moderators, and conducted sensitivity analyses. Quantitative synthesis (i.e., calculation of effect sizes) was performed for ecosystem responses reported by at least five articles and meta-regressions including the effects of potential modifiers for those reported by at least 10 articles. Review findings: The literature searches retrieved 5944 articles. After screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, 201 articles including 3713 studies (i.e., individual comparisons) were deemed relevant for the systematic review, with 2844 of these studies included in quantitative syntheses. The available evidence base on the effects of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems is concentrated around well-established research locations and focuses mainly on the impacts of vertebrate herbivores on vegetation. Overall, greater herbivore diversity led to increased abundance of feeding marks by herbivores and soil temperature, and to reduced total abundance of plants, graminoids, forbs, and litter, plant leaf size, plant height, and moss depth, but the effects of herbivore diversity were difficult to tease apart from those of excluding vertebrate herbivores. The effects of different functional groups of herbivores on graminoid and lichen abundance compensated each other, leading to no net effects when herbivore effects were combined. In turn, smaller herbivores and large-bodied herbivores only reduced plant height when occurring together but not when occurring separately. Greater herbivore diversity increased plant diversity in graminoid tundra but not in other habitat types. Conclusions: This systematic review underscores the importance of herbivore diversity in shaping the structure and function of Arctic ecosystems, with different functional groups of herbivores exerting additive or compensatory effects that can be modulated by environmental conditions. Still, many challenges remain to fully understand the complex impacts of herbivore diversity on tundra ecosystems. Future studies should explicitly address the role of herbivore diversity beyond presence-absence, targeting a broader range of ecosystem responses and explicitly including invertebrate herbivores. A better understanding of the role of herbivore diversity will enhance our ability to predict whether and where shifts in herbivore assemblages might mitigate or further amplify the impacts of environmental change on Arctic ecosystems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 32
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    The trophic dynamic of fish from the Upper Paraná River Floodplain through stable isotopes : 20-year scenario of serial impoundments, biological invasions, and protected areas. (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-15
    Description: The Paraná River basin is affected by a series of impoundments that alter the natural river flow, with significant impacts on the water's chemical and physical characteristics with serious consequences for the aquatic biota. The Upper Paraná River Floodplain (UPRF) suffered biological invasions directly influenced by two damming events and, due to its importance for the conservation of biodiversity, it also received mitigation measures with the installation of protected areas in its surroundings. Considering the potential consequences of impacts caused by extensive flow regulation and biological invasions, but also mitigation measures, this study aimed to investigate long-term changes in the trophic dynamics of UPRF fish through the analysis of stable isotopes. Analyzes were carried out in three periods (the early 2000s, 2010s, and 2020s) regarding food chain energy sources, trophic niche, and trophic position of fish from different guilds in the floodplain associated with the Paraná River and the floodplain associated with the Ivinhema River that make up the UPRF, in the years following the installation of a dam directly upstream of the floodplain and the creation of protected areas around the plain. The results show that in the plain associated with the Paraná River, an invasive fish is inserting carbon from an invasive macrophyte into the green food chain, and a native detritivore fish is probably moving to lagoons to utilize the abundant detritus from native emersed macrophytes. In the floodplain associated with Ivinhema, despite the more restrictive protection area in its surroundings, the riparian vegetation did not become an important carbon source, only the emersed macrophytes increased their contribution to the fish. Still, fish from both systems showed an increase in the trophic niche in the second studied period, potentially due to the occurrence of El Niño, which caused the largest and longest flood in the analyzed period. Thus, our study reveals that invasive species can replace native food sources, alter local food chains, and amplify the negative consequences of impoundments. Furthermore, we reveal that the trophic dynamics of fish species from different guilds continue to suffer from anthropic impacts, despite the protected areas surrounding the floodplain. Therefore, measures that mimic the natural flow and water fluctuations would make the positive effects of protected areas tangible for the functioning of aquatic communities.
    Description: A bacia do rio Paraná é impactada por uma série de represamentos que alteram o fluxo natural do rio, causando distúrbios significativos nas características químicas e físicas da água com graves consequências para a biota aquática. A planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná (PIAP) sofreu invasões biológicas diretamente influenciadas por dois eventos de represamento e, devido à sua importância para a conservação da biodiversidade, também recebeu a medidas de mitigação com a instalação de áreas protegidas nos seus entornos. Considerando as potenciais consequências dos impactos causados pela ampla regulação de fluxo e invasões biológicas, mas também das medidas mitigatórias, investigou-se as alterações de longo prazo na dinâmica trófica de peixes da PIAP por meio da análise de isótopos estáveis. Para tanto, analisou-se períodos subsequentes à instalação de uma barragem diretamente a montante da planície e à criação de áreas protegidas nos entornos da planície. Foram realizadas análises em três períodos (início das décadas de 2000, 2010 e 2020) quanto às fontes de energia da cadeia trófica, nicho trófico e posição trófica de peixes de diferentes guildas da planície associada ao rio Paraná e da planície associada ao rio Ivinhema. Os resultados indicam que, na planície associada ao rio Paraná, um peixe invasor está disseminando o carbono de uma macrófita invasora na cadeia trófica verde, e um peixe detritívoro nativo está provavelmente se deslocando para lagoas a fim de utilizar os detritos abundantes provindos de macrófitas emersas nativas. Na planície associada ao Ivinhema, apesar da área de proteção mais restritiva em seus entornos, a vegetação ripária não se tornou uma importante fonte de carbono, apenas as macrófitas emersas ampliaram sua contribuição para os peixes. Ainda, os peixes de ambos os sistemas apresentaram uma ampliação no nicho trófico no segundo período estudado, potencialmente devido à ocorrência do El Niño que causou a maior e mais longa cheia do período analisado. Assim, o estudo revela que espécies invasoras podem substituir as fontes de alimento nativas, alterar cadeias tróficas locais, e ampliar as consequências negativas dos represamentos. Outro destaque é que a dinâmica trófica de espécies de peixes de diferentes guildas continua sofrendo com impactos antrópicos, apesar das áreas protegidas nos entornos da planície de inundação. Portanto, devem ser implantadas medidas que viabilizem um mimetismo de fluxo e flutuações hídricas naturais tornariam os efeitos positivos das áreas protegidas tangíveis para o funcionamento das comunidade aquática.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Ecossistemas ; Ecossistemas aquáticos ; Isótopos estáveis ; Ciclo de nutrientes ; Ecologia energética ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::A::Aquatic environment ; ASFA_2015::I::Isotopes ; ASFA_2015::N::Nutrient cycles ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecological niches ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::C::Conservation ; ASFA_2015::F::Feeding ; ASFA_2015::F::Food chains ; ASFA_2015::S::Species ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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    Biodiversity time series are biased towards increasing species richness in changing environments (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Ecology & Evolution, Springer Nature, 7(7), pp. 994-1001, ISSN: 2397-334X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-21
    Description: The discrepancy between global loss and local constant species richness has led to debates over data quality, systematic biases in monitoring programmes and the adequacy of species richness to capture changes in biodiversity. We show that, more fundamentally, null expectations of stable richness can be wrong, despite independent yet equal colonization and extinction. We analysed fish and bird time series and found an overall richness increase. This increase reflects a systematic bias towards an earlier detection of colonizations than extinctions. To understand how much this bias influences richness trends, we simulated time series using a neutral model controlling for equilibrium richness and temporal autocorrelation (that is, no trend expected). These simulated time series showed significant changes in richness, highlighting the effect of temporal autocorrelation on the expected baseline for species richness changes. The finite nature of time series, the long persistence of declining populations and the potential strong dispersal limitation probably lead to richness changes when changing conditions promote compositional turnover. Temporal analyses of richness should incorporate this bias by considering appropriate neutral baselines for richness changes. Absence of richness trends over time, as previously reported, can actually reflect a negative deviation from the positive biodiversity trend expected by default.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 34
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    Thresholds and tipping points are tempting but not necessarily suitable concepts to address anthropogenic biodiversity change—an intervention (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Marine Biodiversity, Springer Nature, 53(3), pp. 43-43, ISSN: 1867-1616
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-22
    Description: Thresholds and tipping points are frequently used concepts to address the risks of global change pressures and their mitigation. It is tempting to also consider them to understand biodiversity change and design measures to ensure biotic integrity. Here, we argue that thresholds and tipping points do not work well in the context of biodiversity change for conceptual, ethical, and empirical reasons. Defining a threshold for biodiversity change (a maximum tolerable degree of turnover or loss) neglects that ecosystem multifunctionality often relies on the complete entangled web of species interactions and invokes the ethical issue of declaring some biodiversity dispensable. Alternatively defining a threshold for pressures on biodiversity might seem more straightforward as it addresses the causes of biodiversity change. However, most biodiversity change appears to be gradual and accumulating over time rather than reflecting a disproportionate change when transgressing a pressure threshold. Moreover, biodiversity change is not in synchrony with environmental change, but massively delayed through inertia inflicted by population dynamics and demography. In consequence, formulating environmental management targets as preventing the transgression of thresholds is less useful in the context of biodiversity change, as such thresholds neither capture how biodiversity responds to anthropogenic pressures nor how it links to ecosystem functioning. Instead, addressing biodiversity change requires reflecting the spatiotemporal complexity of altered local community dynamics and temporal turnover in composition leading to shifts in distributional ranges and species interactions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 35
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    Metagenome-assembled genomes reveal greatly expanded taxonomic and functional diversification of the abundant marine Roseobacter RCA cluster (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Microbiome, Springer Nature, ISSN: 2049-2618
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-25
    Description: Background The RCA (Roseobacter clade affiliated) cluster belongs to the family Roseobacteracea and represents a major Roseobacter lineage in temperate to polar oceans. Despite its prevalence and abundance, only a few genomes and one described species, Planktomarina temperata, exist. To gain more insights into our limited understanding of this cluster and its taxonomic and functional diversity and biogeography, we screened metagenomic datasets from the global oceans and reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes (MAG) affiliated to this cluster. Results The total of 82 MAGs, plus five genomes of isolates, reveal an unexpected diversity and novel insights into the genomic features, the functional diversity, and greatly refined biogeographic patterns of the RCA cluster. This cluster is subdivided into three genera: Planktomarina, Pseudoplanktomarina, and the most deeply branching Candidatus Paraplanktomarina. Six of the eight Planktomarina species have larger genome sizes (2.44–3.12 Mbp) and higher G + C contents (46.36–53.70%) than the four Pseudoplanktomarina species (2.26–2.72 Mbp, 42.22–43.72 G + C%). Cand. Paraplanktomarina is represented only by one species with a genome size of 2.40 Mbp and a G + C content of 45.85%. Three novel species of the genera Planktomarina and Pseudoplanktomarina are validly described according to the SeqCode nomenclature for prokaryotic genomes. Aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis (AAP) is encoded in three Planktomarina species. Unexpectedly, proteorhodopsin (PR) is encoded in the other Planktomarina and all Pseudoplanktomarina species, suggesting that this light-driven proton pump is the most important mode of acquiring complementary energy of the RCA cluster. The Pseudoplanktomarina species exhibit differences in functional traits compared to Planktomarina species and adaptations to more resource-limited conditions. An assessment of the global biogeography of the different species greatly expands the range of occurrence and shows that the different species exhibit distinct biogeographic patterns. They partially reflect the genomic features of the species. Conclusions Our detailed MAG-based analyses shed new light on the diversification, environmental adaptation, and global biogeography of a major lineage of pelagic bacteria. The taxonomic delineation and validation by the SeqCode nomenclature of prominent genera and species of the RCA cluster may be a promising way for a refined taxonomic identification of major prokaryotic lineages and sublineages in marine and other prokaryotic communities assessed by metagenomics approaches.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Principles for transformative ocean governance (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Sustainability, Springer Nature, pp. 1-13, ISSN: 2398-9629
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-30
    Description: With a focus on oceans, we collaborated across ecological, social and legal disciplines to respond to the United Nations call for transformation in the ‘2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’. We developed a set of 13 principles that strategically and critically connect transformative ocean research to transformative ocean governance (complementing the UN Decade for Ocean Science). We used a rigorous, iterative and transparent consensus-building approach to define the principles, which can interact in supporting, neutral or sometimes conflicting ways. We recommend that the principles could be applied as a comprehensive set and discuss how to learn from their interactions, particularly those that reveal hidden tensions. The principles can bring and keep together partnerships for innovative ocean action. This action must respond to the many calls to reform current ocean-use practices which are based on economic growth models that have perpetuated inequities and fuelled conflict and environmental decline.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 37
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    Vitamin B12 is not shared by all marine prototrophic bacteria with their environment (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology, Springer Nature, 17(6), pp. 836-845, ISSN: 1751-7362
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-14
    Description: Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, herein B12) is an essential cofactor involved in amino acid synthesis and carbon resupply to the TCA cycle for most prokaryotes, eukaryotic microorganisms, and animals. Despite being required by most, B12 is produced by only a minor fraction of prokaryotes and therefore leads to complex interaction between prototrophs and auxotrophs. However, it is unknown how B12 is provided by prototrophs to auxotrophs. In this study, 33 B12 prototrophic alphaproteobacterial strains were grown in co-culture with Thalassiosira pseudonana, a B12 auxotrophic diatom, to determine the bacterial ability to support the growth of the diatom by sharing B12. Among these strains, 18 were identified to share B12 with the diatom, while nine were identified to retain B12 and not support growth of the diatom. The other bacteria either shared B12 with the diatom only with the addition of substrate or inhibited the growth of the diatom. Extracellular B12 measurements of B12-provider and B12-retainer strains confirmed that the cofactor could only be detected in the environment of the tested B12-provider strains. Intracellular B12 was measured by LC-MS and showed that the concentrations of the different B12-provider as well as B12-retainer strains differed substantially. Although B12 is essential for the vast majority of microorganisms, mechanisms that export this essential cofactor are still unknown. Our results suggest that a large proportion of bacteria that can synthesise B12de novo cannot share the cofactor with their environment.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 38
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    Ecological mechanisms and current systems shape the modular structure of the global oceans’ prokaryotic seascape (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 14(1), 15 p., pp. 6141-6141, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-08
    Description: Major biogeographic features of the microbial seascape in the oceans have been established and their underlying ecological mechanisms in the (sub)tropical oceans and the Pacific Ocean identified. However, we still lack a unifying understanding of how prokaryotic communities and biogeographic patterns are affected by large-scale current systems in distinct ocean basins and how they are globally shaped in line with ecological mechanisms. Here we show that prokaryotic communities in the epipelagic Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, in the southern Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea are composed of modules of co-occurring taxa with similar environmental preferences. The relative partitioning of these modules varies along latitudinal and longitudinal gradients and are related to different hydrographic and biotic conditions. Homogeneous selection and dispersal limitation were identified as the major ecological mechanisms shaping these communities and their free-living (FL) and particle-associated (PA) fractions. Large-scale current systems govern the dispersal of prokaryotic modules leading to the highest diversity near subtropical fronts.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 39
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    Influência de fatores bióticos e abióticos para a diversidade e abundância de invertebrados aquáticos ao longo de uma planície inundável Neotropical. (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-28
    Description: Weather events such as El Niño and La Niña alter the water level amplitude in floodplain systems. Some groups of benthic invertebrates, such as Chironomidae, respond to these oscillations, which makes this community an important tool in climate change studies. In addition, changes caused by climate change in aquatic environments may favor the introduction of invasive species, such as Limnoperna fortunei. This species, which is a filter feeder, feeds mainly on organisms such as phytoplankton, which can lead to a reduction in its abundance. To this end, we analyzed how weather events affect the Chironomidae community and how L. fortunei larvae densities can affect the densities of phytoplankton and protozooplankton communities in the upper Paraná River floodplain. We observed that weather events did not have a negative effect on Chironomidae community attributes and that L. fortunei larval densities were positively correlated with high phytoplankton and protozooplankton densities, due to high food supply. Another extremely importante highlight not recorded in the literature consulted, refers to the fact that hydroelectric act as envitonmental filters in the densities of L. fortunei, as the turbines damage the larvae, which affects their survival In view of this, we conclude that studies that address climate effects on species diversity and the impacts that invasive species cause on local communities are of great importance to assess current and future changes in ecosystems and thus develop management plans.
    Description: Eventos climáticos como El Niño e La Niña alteram a amplitude do nível da água em sistemas de planícies de inundações. Alguns grupos de invertebrados bentônicos, como Chironomidae, respondem a essas oscilações, afetando os atributos, como riqueza de espécie e abundância, o que torna essa comunidade uma importante ferramenta em estudos de mudanças climáticas. As alterações causadas pelas mudanças climáticas nos ambientes aquáticos, favorecem a introdução de espécies invasoras, como do molusco Limnoperna fortunei. Este bivalve, filtrador, alimenta-se principalmente de organismos do plâncton, especialmente microalgas, o que pode ocasionar a redução da sua abundância. Para tanto, analisou-se como os eventos climáticos extremos afetam a comunidade de Chironomidae e como as densidades de larvas de L. fortunei alteram as densidades das comunidades de fitoplâncton e protozooplâncton na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Observou-se também, que os eventos climáticos não tiveram um efeito negativo tão impactante sobre os atributos da comunidade de Chironomidae e que as densidades larvais de L. fortunei foi positivamente correlacionado com as altas densidades de fitoplâncton e protozooplâncton, devido à alta fonte de alimento. Outro destaque de suma importância não registrado na literatura consultada, refere-se ao fato de que as usinas hidrelétricas atuam como filtros ambientais nas densidades de L.fortunei, pois as turbinas danificam as larvas, o que afeta a sua sobrevivência . Mediante a análise dos dados obtidos, conclui-se que estudos que abordem os efeitos climáticos sobre a diversidade de espécies e os impactos que espécies invasoras causam nas comunidades locais são de grande importância para avaliar as modificações atuais e futuras nos ecossistemas e assim desenvolver planos de manejo mais eficientes para a conservação e preservação das espécies.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Invertebrados aquáticos ; Diversidade e abundância ; Fatores bióticos e abióticos ; Mudanças climáticas ; Macroinvertebrados bentônicos de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Atributos ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrobenthos ; ASFA_2015::B::Biotic factors ; ASFA_2015::A::Abiotic factors ; ASFA_2015::I::Invertebrate zoology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 40
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    Temporal change in phytoplankton diversity and functional group composition (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Marine Biodiversity, Springer Nature, 53(6), pp. 72-72, ISSN: 1867-1616
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-06
    Description: One of the key challenges in managing eutrophication in coastal marine ecosystems is the harmonized cross-border assessment of phytoplankton. Some general understanding of the consequences of shifting nutrient regimes can be derived from the detailed investigation of the phytoplankton community and its biodiversity. Here, we combined long-term monitoring datasets of German and Dutch coastal stations and amended these with additional information on species biomass. Across the integrated and harmonized dataset, we used multiple biodiversity descriptors to analyse temporal trends in the Wadden Sea phytoplankton. Biodiversity, measured as the number of species (S) and the effective number of species (ENS), has decreased in the Dutch stations over the last 20 years, while biomass has increased, indicating that fewer species are becoming more dominant in the system. However, biodiversity and biomass did not show substantial changes in the German stations. Although there were some differences in trends between countries, shifts in community composition and relative abundance were consistent across stations and time. We emphasise the importance of continuous and harmonized monitoring programmes and multi-metric approaches that can detect changes in the communities that are indicative of changes in the environment.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 41
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    Fatores responsáveis pela variação dos componentes da diversidade beta na assembleia de peixes em riachos de cabeceira. (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-09
    Description: Fish assemblage composition varies across time and space, and beta diversity has been a valuable tool for quantifying this variation and understanding associated mechanisms. Understanding which factors determine the action of these mechanisms is fundamental for headwater stream management and conservation projects. Therefore, was evaluated which component of total beta diversity (species replacement or difference in richness) is most representative for the fish assemblage between streams, identified the scale of effect of land use on this assemblage, and evaluated the relative influence of land use, local environment and distance between collection points on beta diversity components. The study was carried out in 12 headwater streams close to and located in the municipality of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. The percentage of land use classes was measured at 11 spatial scales, five buffers from the sampled section and six from the water network upstream of the sampled section. The data was analyzed using Redundancy Analysis based on distance and variance partition. The results showed that species replacement was the most important component for total beta diversity, with land use in buffers 100 and 500 meters from the sampled section considered the scale of effect for the variation of the components. Land use and local environmental variables were more representative for total beta diversity and richness differences and the distance between collection points for species replacement. It was concluded that land use and local environmental variables select fish species, reducing richness in urban areas, while the dispersal limit acts on species replacement. Therefore, it is suggested that management and conservation projects should be focused on land use, conserving or restoring riparian forest, which would improve the local quality of streams, mainly urban streams, which are the most altered.
    Description: A composição da assembleia de peixes varia no tempo e no espaço, e a diversidade beta tem sido uma ferramenta valiosa para quantificar essa variação e compreender os mecanismos associados. Entender quais fatores determinam a atuação desses mecanismos é fundamental para projetos de manejo e conservação de riachos de cabeceira. Diante disso, avaliou-se qual componente da diversidade beta total (substituição de espécie ou diferença na riqueza) é mais representativo para a assembleia de peixes entre os riachos, identificou-se a escala de efeito do uso da terra sobre essa assembleia e avaliou-se a influência relativa da paisagem e ambiental local nos componentes da diversidade beta. O estudo foi realizado em 12 riachos de cabeceira próximos e inseridos no município de Maringá, estado do Paraná, Brasil. A porcentagem das classes de uso da terra foi mensurada em 11 escalas espaciais, cinco buffers a partir do trecho amostrado e seis a partir da rede hídrica a montante do trecho amostrado. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise de Redundância baseada em distância (dbRDA) e partição de variância. Os resultados mostraram que a substituição de espécie foi o componente mais importante para diversidade beta total, sendo o uso da terra nos buffers de 100 e 500 metros a partir do trecho amostrado considerados a escala de efeito para a variação dos componentes. O uso da terra e as variáveis ambientais locais foram mais representativos para a diversidade beta total e diferença de riqueza e a distância entre os pontos de coleta para a substituição de espécie. Conclui-se que o uso da terra e as variáveis ambientais locais selecionam as espécies de peixes, diminuindo a riqueza em áreas urbanas, enquanto que o limite de dispersão atua sobre a substituição de espécie. Portanto, sugere-se que projetos de manejo e conservação devam ser focados no uso da terra, conservando ou restaurando a floresta ripária, o que melhoraria a qualidade local dos riachos, principalmente dos urbanos, sendo estes os mais alterados.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de riachos de cabeceira ; Diversidade beta ; Paisagem ; Integridade ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::L::Land use ; ASFA_2015::S::Streams ; ASFA_2015::T::Turnover ; ASFA_2015::N::Nests ; ASFA_2015::N::Nesting
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 42
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    The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model: Milestones and Lessons Learned (2023)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-18
    Description: The 2020 update of the European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20) is the most recent seismic hazard model of the Euro-Mediterranean region. It was built upon unified and homogenized datasets including earthquake catalogues, active faults, ground motion recordings and state-of-the-art modelling components, i.e. earthquake rates forecast and regionally variable ground motion characteristic models. ESHM20 replaces the 2013 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM13), and it is the first regional model to provide two informative hazard maps for the next update of the European Seismic Design Code (CEN EC8). ESHM20 is also one of the key components of the first publicly available seismic risk model for Europe. This chapter provides a short summary of ESHM20 by highlighting its main features and describing some lessons learned during the model’s development.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-25
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 43
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    Human-induced pressures driving biodiversity and functioning o freshwater ecosystems. (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-09
    Description: Many studies have shown that human-induced pressures are causing species loss across many trophic groups, with potential negative effects ability of ecosystems to maintain functions and provide services to human well-being. However, evidence for this prediction is still lacking in freshwater ecosystems. In this document, we report the results of four studies that investigated the effects of human-induced disturbance on (i) biodiversity, (ii) ecosystem functioning, and (iii) biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. These studies were conducted in different freshwater ecosystems and encompassed multiple spatial and temporal scales. In the first study, we used a 12-year data set from a shallow lake displaying shifts between three alternative states (clear, turbid and shaded). We investigated how the biodiversity (taxonomic and functional) of fish and zooplankton, ecosystem multifunctionality (provision of multiple ecosystems functions simultaneously) and their relationships were affected by shifts between alternative states. Biodiversity of fish and zooplankton and multifunctionality enhanced during clear-water state, but decreased during turbid and shaded states. The relationship between biodiversity and multifunctionality was strongly positive during the clear state, but weakened after the lake shifted to turbid and shaded states. In the second study, we used a dataset of 72 lakes from four large Brazil wetlands to examine how increased human pressure (human footprint) affected the relationship between the biodiversity (taxonomic and functional) of seven groups of aquatic organisms and multifunctionality. The biodiversity of most organismal groups was positively associated with multifunctionality. However, increased human pressure has weakened these relationships, and for some groups these relationships have become negative. In the third study, we used a dataset of 61 streams from two Neotropical biomes (Amazonian rainforest, Uruguayan grasslands) to investigated how increased cover human land-uses (agriculture, pasture, urbanization and afforestation) affected the biodiversity (taxonomic and functional) of fish, arthropods and macrophytes, and the consequences of this for animal biomass production. In both biomes, the biodiversity of animal and plant assemblages decreased with increasing cover of land-uses. Land-uses reduced animal biomass through direct and indirect pathways mediated by declines in biodiversity. In the fourth study, we investigate how increasing human pressure affects fish diversity and the consequences of this for energy flux in fish food webs over 17 years in a subtropical river (Uruguay River). Human pressure was associated with temporal declines in diversity and energy flux in all fish trophic compartments, and the relationship between diversity and energy flux weakened over time. Collectively, these studies reveal that human-induced disturbances reduce the biodiversity of various groups of organisms in different types of aquatic ecosystems. The decline in biodiversity, in turn, reduces the ability of these ecosystems to sustain multiple functions.
    Description: Muitos estudos demonstraram que as pressões induzidas pelo homem estão causando a perda de espécies em muitos grupos tróficos, com potenciais efeitos negativos na capacidade dos ecossistemas de manter funções e prestar serviços para o bem-estar humano. No entanto, ainda faltam evidências consistentes para esta previsão nos ecossistemas de água doce. Reportou-se os resultados de quatro estudos que investigaram os efeitos da perturbação induzida pelo homem sobre (i) a biodiversidade, (ii) o funcionamento dos ecossistemas e (iii) as relações entre biodiversidade e funcionamento dos ecossistemas. Estes estudos foram conduzidos em diferentes ecossistemas de água doce e abrangeram múltiplas escalas espaciais e temporais. Utilizou-se um conjunto de dados de 12 anos de um lago raso exibindo mudanças entre três estados alternativos (claro, túrbido e sombreado). Investigou-se como a biodiversidade (taxonômica e funcional) de peixes e zooplâncton, a multifuncionalidade do ecossistema (provisão de múltiplas funções ecossistêmicas simultaneamente) e suas relações foram afetadas por mudanças entre estados alternativos. A biodiversidade de peixes e zooplâncton e a multifuncionalidade aumentaram durante o estado de águas claras, mas diminuíram durante os estados turvos e sombreados. A relação entre biodiversidade e multifuncionalidade foi fortemente positiva durante o estado de águas claras, mas enfraqueceu após a mudança do lago para estados turvos e sombreados. Empregou-se um conjunto de dados de 72 lagos de quatro grandes planícies do Brasil para examinar como o aumento da pressão humana (pegada humana) afetou a relação entre a biodiversidade (taxonômica e funcional) de sete grupos de organismos aquáticos e a multifuncionalidade. A biodiversidade da maioria dos grupos de organismos foi positivamente associada à multifuncionalidade. Entretanto, o aumento da pressão humana enfraqueceu estas relações, e para alguns grupos estas relações se tornaram negativas. Utilizou-se também um conjunto de dados de 61 córregos de dois biomas neotropicais (floresta amazônica, pastagens uruguaias) para investigar como o aumento da cobertura do uso do solo humano (agricultura, pastagem, urbanização e florestamento) afetou a biodiversidade (taxonômica e funcional) de peixes, artrópodes e macrófitas, e as consequências disso para a produção de biomassa animal. Em ambos os biomas, a biodiversidade dos conjuntos de animais e plantas diminuiu com o aumento da cobertura de uso do solo. Os usos do solo reduziram a biomassa animal através de caminhos diretos e indiretos mediados por declínios na biodiversidade. Por fim, investigou-se como a crescente pressão humana afeta a diversidade dos peixes e as consequências disso para o fluxo de energia nas teias de alimento de peixes durante 17 anos em um rio subtropical (rio Uruguay). A pressão humana foi associada a declínios temporais na diversidade e no fluxo de energia em todos os compartimentos tróficos de peixes, e a relação entre diversidade e fluxo de energia enfraqueceu com o tempo. Coletivamente, estes estudos demonstram, de maneira consistente, que as perturbações induzidas pelo homem reduzem a biodiversidade de vários grupos de organismos em diferentes tipos de ecossistemas aquáticos. O declínio da biodiversidade, por sua vez, reduz a capacidade desses ecossistemas de sustentar múltiplas funções.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Ecossistemas de água doce ; Impactos ambientais ; Pressão humana ; Relações multitróficas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::EIA ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::H::Human impact ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecosystems ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity ; ASFA_2015::R::Rivers ; ASFA_2015::S::Streams ; ASFA_2015::L::Lakes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 284pp.
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  • 44
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    Ostracoda (Crustacea) biodiversity: a taxonomic and functional approach. (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-30
    Description: The impacts of human actions, as deforeations, pollution and introduction of species have been causing negative effects on the environment. The extinction of species, and change of distribution range, are some of them, especially in the aquatic environment were it is observed a hogh richness compared to its extension. Thus, the knowledge about biodiversity is of extreme importance conservation of ecosystems. Ostracods are one example of a group constantly affected but ill studied. It was performed a revision of Cyprettinae s.l. from circumtropical regions, using morphological taxonomy. The first step in the revision of Cyprettinae s.l. was redescribe the type species of Cypretta Vavra, 1895 from the original type material, discuss the morphology and diagnosis of the genus. After that it was described two new species from Pseudocypretta Klie, 1932 genus from South Africa and Brazil; and described a new genus and four new species from Brazil. With the redescription of the type species of the Cyprettathe diagnosis characters for the species and genus were delimited. Analyzing the features of the new species of Pseudocypretta this genus was moved from the Cyprettinae subfamily to the Cypridopsinae subfamily, and expanded the distribution of this genus to the Afrotropical and Neotropical regions. The new genus and new species were recorded from the four main floodplain of Brazil and were designated to the Cyprettinae subfamily. Both Cypretta, Pseudoypretta and new genus are characterized by presence of septas in its valves, however they vary in level of development (complete or incomplete) and disposition along the margins of the valves. Using a database of ostracods distribution and ecological niche modelling (ENMs) the effects of climate change were evaluated to the functional diversity of ostracods in the South Cone of South America, in the moderate-optimistic and pessimistic scenarios of 2050 and 2080. It is projected that the ostracod functional diversity will suffer a gradual reduction in 2050 and 2080on bothscenarios of carbon emission, but especially in the pessimistic scenario of 2080. The results highlight the importance of evaluate the functional diversity for ostracod conservation, since several areas marked to have low taxonomic richness supported intermediate and high levels of functional diversity.
    Description: O impacto de ações humanas, tais como desflorestamento, poluição e introdução de espécies vem causando efeitos negativos no meio ambiente. A extinção de espécies e mudanças nas áreas de distribuição das espécies, são alguns desses problemas, principalmente no meio aquático onde e observada uma elevada riqueza de espécies comparada a sua extensão. Portanto, o conhecimento acerca da biodiversidade é de extrema importância para a conservação dos ecossistemas. Os ostracodes são um exemplo de grupo que está sendo afetado por mudanças climáticas e, no entanto, são pouco estudados. Realizou-se uma revisão de Cyprettinae s.l. de regiões circumtropicais, usando a taxonomia morfológica. A primeira etapa na revisão de Cyprettinae s.l. foi redescrever a espécie tipo de Cypretta Vavra, 1985 a partir do material tipo original, e discutir a morfologia e diagnóstico do gênero. Após, descreveu-se duas novas espécies de Pseudocypretta Klie, 1932 da África do Sul e do Brasil; e um novo gênero e quatro novas espécies do Brasil. Com a redescrição da espécie tipo de Cypretta nos determinamos os caracteres diagnósticos da espécie e do gênero. Analisando as características das novas espécies de Pseudocypretta moveu-se esse gênero da subfamília Cyprettinae para a subfamília Cypridopsinae, e expandiu-se a distribuição desse gênero para as regiões Afrotropical e Neotropical. O novo gênero e novas espécies foram registradas nas quatro principais planícies de inundação brasileiras, e foram classificados na subfamilia Cyprettinae. Ambos Cypretta e Pseudocypretta e novo gênero são caracterizados pela presença de septas em suas valvas, no entanto variam em nível de desenvolvimento (completas ou incompletas) e disposição ao longo das margens das valvas. Usando um banco de dados de ostracoda e modelos de nicho ecológico, avaliaram-se os efeitos das mudanças climáticas na diversidade funcional de ostracoda no Cone Sul da América do Sul, em cenários moderados-otimista e pessimista dos anos de 2050 e 2080. E projetado que a diversidade funcional de ostracoda sofrerá uma gradual redução em 2050 e 2080 em ambos os cenários de emissão de carbono, mas principalmente no cenário pessimista de 2080. Os resultados destacam a importância de avaliar a diversidade funcional para a conservação de ostracodes, desde que algumas áreas reportadas e possuírem baixa riqueza taxonômica suportam intermediários a elevados valores de diversidade funcional.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Ostracoda (Crustacea) ; Microcrustáceos de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Modelagem ; Traços funcionais ; Taxonomia morfológica ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy ; ASFA_2015::M::Molluscs (freshwater) ; ASFA_2015::C::Crustaceans (freshwater) ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 45
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    Diversidade beta espacial e temporal de peixes em um rio tropical fragmentado. (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-29
    Description: The overexploitation of natural resources by human beings in recent centuries has had serious consequences for biodiversity. In freshwater aquatic environments, organisms suffer from various degradation processes, which involve pollution, environmental fragmentation, introduction of invasive species, among others. The construction of dams and reservoirs for energy production is among one of the biggest reasons for the degradation of these environments, as this fragments the water body, preventing connectivity between sites, in addition to transforming the lotic environment into a lentic one, completely changing the dynamics of the local. As an aggravating factor, there are reservoir cascades, which consist of a sequence of reservoirs built on the same river, enhancing the negative effects of a single reservoir. In highly fragmented environments, physical-chemical changes occur, which harm the local biological communities. Thus, in this work, analyzes of the spatial and temporal beta diversity of fish were carried out in a very fragmented river in northeastern Brazil, the São Francisco River. For spatial beta diversity, we calculated the Local Contribution to Beta Diversity (LCBD), taxonomic and functional, at 28 points along the six reservoirs and in a lotic stretch downstream of the reservoirs, up to the mouth. We performed a beta regression model to verify the relationship between LCBD values and environmental variables collected in the same period. As a result, we found that the points of the initial reservoirs and the points closest to the mouth of the river were the ones that most contributed to beta diversity, both taxonomic and functional, and turbidity was the variable that was most positively associated with LCBD values. For the temporal beta diversity analysis, we used five reservoirs, and compared the beta diversity between pairs of months over years. A correlation was also made between the results of temporal beta diversity and the variation of environmental variables. There was no relationship between environmental variables and temporal beta diversity. However, it was possible to observe that the reservoirs that operate as a trickle of water had the most unstable and unpredictable temporal beta diversity values, while the reservoir that operates as an accumulation followed the pattern of seasonal variation of the dry-flood dynamics. We recommend the proper management of the reservoirs of a waterfall, monitoring the variations in the parameters and regulating the flow and water level according to the expected natural variations, mainly the initial ones that function as sources of species and functional traits, and also the preservation of the rivers tax. We conclude that deeper studies covering other periods must be carried out, to complement the existing data and provide greater assertiveness in decision-making and conduction of reservoir operations.
    Description: A superexploração dos recursos naturais pelo ser humano nos últimos séculos tem trazido graves consequências para a biodiversidade. Em ambientes aquáticos de água doce, os organismos sofrem com diversos processos de degradação, que envolvem poluição, fragmentação do ambiente e introdução de espécies invasoras. A construção de barragens e reservatórios para a produção de energia está entre um dos maiores motivos para degradação desses locais, pois isso fragmenta o corpo hídrico, impedindo a conectividade entre os locais, além de transformar o ambiente lótico em lêntico, mudando completamente a dinâmica do local. Como agravante, existem as cascatas de reservatórios, que consistem em uma sequência de reservatórios construídos em um mesmo rio, potencializando os efeitos negativos de um único reservatório. Em ambientes altamente fragmentados, ocorrem mudanças físico-químicas, o que prejudica as comunidades biológicas locais. Dessa forma, analisou-se a diversidade beta espacial e temporal de peixes, em um rio muito fragmentado no nordeste brasileiro, o rio São Francisco. Para a diversidade beta espacial, calculou-se a Local Contribution to Beta Diversity=Contribuição Local para a Diversidade Beta (LCBD), taxonômica e funcional, em 28 pontos ao longo dos seis reservatórios e em um trecho lótico à jusante dos reservatórios, até a foz. Aplicou-se um modelo de beta regressão para verificar a relação dos valores de LCBD com as variáveis ambientais coletadas no mesmo período. Como resultado obtido, os pontos dos reservatórios iniciais e os pontos mais próximos à foz do rio foram os que mais contribuíram para a diversidade beta, tanto taxonômica quanto funcional, e a turbidez foi a variável que mais se associou positivamente com os valores de LCBD. Para a análise de diversidade beta temporal, utilizou-se cinco reservatórios, e foi feita uma análise comparativa da diversidade beta entre pares de meses ao longo de anos com o Temporal Beta-Diversity Index=Índice de Diversidade Beta Temporal (TBI). Estabeleceu-se uma correlação entre os resultados de diversidade beta temporal e a variação das variáveis ambientais. Não foi observado relação entre as variáveis ambientais e a diversidade beta temporal. No entanto, foi possível observar que os reservatórios que operam como fio d’água tiveram os valores de diversidade beta temporal mais instáveis e imprevisíveis, enquanto o reservatório que opera como acumulação seguiu o padrão de variação sazonal da dinâmica de seca-cheia. Recomenda-se o manejo adequado dos reservatórios de uma cascata, monitorando as variações nos parâmetros e regulando o fluxo e nível de água de acordo com as variações naturais esperadas, principalmente os iniciais que funcionam como fontes de espécies e traços funcionais, e também a preservação dos rios tributários. A aplicação de modernos índices de diversidade beta, como LCBD e TBI, com atributos taxonômicos e funcionais, inédita para o sistema estudado, resultou em informações importantes para a operação dos reservatórios, fornecendo maior assertividade nas tomadas de decisões e condução das atividades dos operadores.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Reservatórios de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Cascata ; Impactos ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::I::Impacts ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water) ; ASFA_2015::R::River basins ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoir dynamics
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 46
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    Satellite-observed strong subtropical ocean warming as an early signature of global warming (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 4(1), 10 p., pp. 1-10, ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-02
    Description: Satellite observations covering the last four decades reveal an ocean warming pattern resembling the negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. This pattern has therefore been widely interpreted as a manifestation of natural climate variability. Here, we re-examine the observed warming pattern and find that the predominant warming over the subtropical oceans, while mild warming or even cooling over the subpolar ocean, is dynamically consistent with the convergence and divergence of surface water. By comparison of observations, paleo-reconstructions, and model simulations, we propose that the observed warming pattern is likely a short-term transient response to the increased CO2 forcing, which only emerges during the early stage of anthropogenic warming. On centennial to millennial timescales, the subpolar ocean warming is expected to exceed the temporally dominant warming of the subtropical ocean. This delayed but amplified subpolar ocean warming has the potential to reshape the ocean-atmosphere circulation and threaten the stability of marine-terminating ice sheets.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 47
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    TRACE ELEMENTS IN HIGH INCIDENCE AREAS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: A ROLE OF VOLCANOGENIC ASHES? (2023)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-07
    Description: Objective: To study the blood levels of selected trace elements (TE) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients living in high-incidence cluster areas in the Etna volcano region. Methods: MS patients living in the province of Catania have been retrospectively enrolled among those followed by the Neurologic Clinic of the AOU Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco” who had the disease onset between 2005 and 2020.Aserumsample was used for the determination of TE levels (As,Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Se, Zn). All the analyses have been conducted with an ICPMS with the standard addition technique, previous digestion of the samples with nitric acid. MS patients living the high incidence clusters were frequency matched with MS patients living outside the clusters. Comparisons of TE across the groups were conducted using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: A total of 86 (48 women; 55.8%) MS patients was recruited, with a mean age of 41.6±13.1 years, a mean disease duration of 2.0±2.6 years and a mean Expanded Disability Status Scale of 2.3±1.7. Of these patients, 40 belonged to high incidence clusters and 46 were outside the clusters. No differences were found in demographic characteristics between the groups. Concerning TE, we found a significant higher concentration of Mn in incluster patients (6.7±16.6 μg/L vs 2.5±5.9 μg/L). Discussion: Several environmental factors may modulate the pathogenesis of the disease, and among them TE play an important role. Our findings suggest that Manganese, which has several toxic effects, might contribute to the higher incidence of MS previously observed in a cluster of communalities in the south-eastern flank of the Etna volcano, where volcanic ashes rich in TE usually fall due to the prevailing winds. Conclusions: Exposition to high levels of Mn could be a cofactor in the pathogenesis of MS.
    Description: Published
    Description: Milano
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis ; Mt. Etna ; 05. General
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 48
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    Uniquely low stable iron isotopic signatures in deep marine sediments caused by Rayleigh distillation (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 13(1), pp. 10281-, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-03
    Description: Dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) is suggested to be one of the earliest forms of microbial respiration. It plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron in modern and ancient sediments. Since microbial iron cycling is typically accompanied by iron isotope fractionation, stable iron isotopes are used as tracer for biological activity. Here we present iron isotope data for dissolved and sequentially extracted sedimentary iron pools from deep and hot subseafloor sediments retrieved in the Nankai Trough off Japan. Dissolved iron (Fe(II)aq) is isotopically light throughout the ferruginous sediment interval but some samples have exceptionally light isotope values. Such light values have never been reported in natural marine environments and cannot be solely attributed to DIR. We show that the light isotope values are best explained by a Rayleigh distillation model where Fe(II)aq is continuously removed from the pore water by adsorption onto iron (oxyhydr)oxide surfaces. While the microbially mediated Fe(II)aq release has ceased due to an increase in temperature beyond the threshold of mesophilic microorganisms, the abiotic adsorptive Fe(II)aq removal continued, leading to uniquely light isotope values. These findings have important implications for the interpretation of dissolved iron isotope data especially in deep subseafloor sediments.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 49
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    Efeitos do alagamento e suspensão hídrica na morfologia e fisiologia em plantas jovens de Peltophorum dubium (Spreng) Taubert (Fabaceae). (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-04
    Description: Riparian zones are subject to water variations, flooding and drought, altering the characteristics of the environment, which can cause stress in plants that, in response, can alter their morphological and physiological characteristics. With this, we aimed to analyze how: (i) water variations (waterlogging and water suspension) can affect morphological characteristics and their growth? (ii) can they generate changes in chlorophyll and total soluble carbohydrates content? (iii) can physiological characteristics promote plant recovery when returning to field capacity? Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert plants were maintained at field capacity (control), waterlogging and water suspension for 15 days, followed by submission to the recovery treatment for 25 days, for morphological, physiological and survival evaluation. Morphological characteristics, growth parameters and chlorophyll and total soluble carbohydrate contents were analyzed; at the end of the experiments, the number of surviving individuals was counted. Waterlogging caused yellowing of leaves and appearance of hypertrophied lenticels and water suspension caused leaf wilting followed by abscission. The stress induced by water suppression negatively affected the fresh and dry biomass of the leaves, stem and root, the number of leaves and the diameter of the stem, in relation to waterlogging the height of the aerial part, fresh biomass of the root, and the diameter of the stem showed significant differences, when compared to the control. Regarding the chlorophyll contents analyzed, only the chlorophyll a/b ratio showed significant differences between the water suspension treatment and the control and waterlogging treatments. The analyses of soluble carbohydrate contents in leaves and roots indicated that the water suspension differed significantly from the control and waterlogging treatments. After the end of the recovery treatment, all post-waterlogging plants survived, while post-water suspension plants showed no signs of recovery. Although waterlogging negatively affected the plants in their leaves and growth parameters, the results indicate that the investigated species has greater tolerance to this type of stress when compared to that subjected to water suspension.
    Description: Zonas ripárias estão sujeitas a variações hídricas, alagamento e seca, alterando as características do ambiente, podendo ocasionar estresse em plantas que, em resposta, podem alterar suas características morfológicas e fisiológicas. Com isso, objetivou-se analisar como: (i) as variações hídricas (alagamento e suspensão hídrica) podem afetar características morfológicas e seu crescimento? (ii) elas podem gerar alterações no teor de clorofila e carboidratos solúveis totais? (iii) as características fisiológicas podem promover a recuperação das plantas ao retornar à capacidade de campo?. Plantas de Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert, foram mantidas em capacidade de campo (controle), alagamento e suspensão hídrica, durante 15 dias, seguido de submissão ao tratamento de recuperação por 25 dias, para avaliação morfológica, fisiológica e sobrevivência. Foram analisados as características morfológicas, os parâmetros de crescimento e os teores de clorofila e carboidratos solúveis totais; ao final dos experimentos foi feita a contagem de indivíduos sobreviventes ao final do experimento. O alagamento ocasionou o amarelecimento das folhas e o surgimento de lenticelas hipertrofiadas e a suspensão hídrica provocou murcha foliar seguido de abscisão. O estresse induzido pela supensão hídrica afetou negativamente a biomassa fresca e seca das folhas, do caule e da raiz, o número de folhas e o diâmetro do caule, em relação ao alagamento a altura da parte aérea, biomassa fresca da raiz, e o diâmetro do caule apresentaram diferenças significativas, quando comparado com o controle. No tocante aos teores de clorofila analisados, apenas a relação clorofila a/b apresentou diferenças significativas entre o tratamento de suspensão hídrica e os tratamentos controle e alagamento. As análises nos teores de carboidrato solúvel nas folhas e raízes indicaram que a suspensão hídrica se diferenciou significativamente dos tratamentos controle e alagamento. Após o término do tratamento de recuperação, todas as plantas do pós-alagamento sobreviveram, enquanto as plantas da pós-suspensão hídrica não apresentaram sinais de recuperação. Embora o alagamento tenha afetado negativamente as plantas em suas folhas e parâmetros de crescimento, os resultados indicam que a espécie investigada tem maior tolerância a esse tipo de estresse quando comparada com aquela submetida à suspensão hídrica.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Peltophorum dubium (Spreng) Taubert (Fabaceae) “canafístula” ; Vegetação arbórea ripária ; Ecofisiologia ; Variações hídricas ; ASFA_2015::R::Riparian vegetation ; ASFA_2015::E::Ecophysiology ; ASFA_2015::H::Hydroclimate ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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  • 50
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    Publisher Correction: Carbon dioxide sink in the Arctic Ocean from cross-shelf transport of dense Barents Sea water (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Springer Nature, 16(2), pp. 189-189, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-01
    Description: In the version of this article initially published, author Cora Hörstmann was wrongly listed with a second affiliation with the Department of Ecoscience–Applied Marine Ecology and Modelling, Aarhus University rather than the Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, France. Furthermore, references 83–97, now found in the Supplementary Tables caption, were wrongly cited in the Data Availability section. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 51
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    Carbon dioxide sink in the Arctic Ocean from cross-shelf transport of dense Barents Sea water (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Springer Nature, 16(1), pp. 82-88, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-01
    Description: Large amounts of atmospheric carbon can be exported and retained in the deep sea on millennial time scales, buffering global warming. However, while the Barents Sea is one of the most biologically productive areas of the Arctic Ocean, carbon retention times were thought to be short. Here we present observations, complemented by numerical model simulations, that revealed a deep and widespread lateral injection of approximately 2.33 kt C d−1 from the Barents Sea shelf to some 1,200 m of the Nansen Basin, driven by Barents Sea Bottom Water transport. With increasing distance from the outflow region, the plume expanded and penetrated into even deeper waters and the sediment. The seasonally fluctuating but continuous injection increases the carbon sequestration of the Barents Sea by 1/3 and feeds the deep sea community of the Nansen Basin. Our findings combined with those from other outflow regions of carbon-rich polar dense waters highlight the importance of lateral injection as a global carbon sink. Resolving uncertainties around negative feedbacks of global warming due to sea ice decline will necessitate observation of changes in bottom water formation and biological productivity at a resolution high enough to quantify future deep carbon injection.
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  • 52
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    On their way to the north: larval performance of Hemigrapsus sanguineus invasive to the European coast—a comparison with the native European population of Carcinus maenas (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Biological Invasions, Springer Nature, pp. 1-18, ISSN: 1387-3547
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-09
    Description: The Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus has become invasive in North Europe and it co-occurs and competes with the native European shore crab Carcinus maenas. Both species develop through a feeding and dispersive larval phase characterised by several zoeal and a settling megalopa stage. Larvae of marine crabs are vulnerable to food limitation and warming has the potential to exacerbate the negative effects of food limitation on survival and growth. We quantified the combined effects of temperature and food limitation on larval performance (survival and growth) of H. sanguineus and we compared our results with those reported on performance of C. maenas larvae, under the same experimental design and methodology. Larvae from four females of H. sanguineus collected on Helgoland (North Sea) were experimentally reared from hatching to megalopa, at four temperatures (range 15–24 °C) and two food conditions (permanent vs. daily limited access to food). Larval survival of H. sanguineus was low at 15 °C and increased with temperature, in contrast to the high survival reported for C. maenas larvae in the range 15–24 °C. Food limitation reduced survival and body mass of H. sanguineus larvae at all temperatures, but without evidence of the exacerbating effect caused by high temperatures and reported for C. maenas. By contrast, high temperature (24 °C) mitigated the negative effect of food limitation on body mass on H. sanguineus larvae. Advantages of H. sanguineus over C. maenas appear especially under the increased temperatures expected from climate change.
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  • 53
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    Efeito do uso da terra na qualidade da água de riachos neotropicais em múltiplas escalas espaciais. (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-28
    Description: Increased human activities are threatening watershed landscapes and water quality monitoring and multiscale analysis have become essential tools for water resource management. In order to evaluate the influence of land use on water quality at different spatial scales. Twelve low-order streams were selected in which limnological samplings (physical, chemical and biological) were carried out during the dry season. The water quality index was used, based on the quality standards of Canada and Brazil. The percentage of land use was measured at local scale and water network. The environmental variables were summarized through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and subsequently used in the construction of Linear Models (lm) for each axis resulting from the PCA, using the percentage of land use classes and land slope. The presence of contamination by Lead, Chromium, Copper, Nitrogen and Escherichia coli was verified. It was found that the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life (CWQG-PAL) were more effective in protecting aquatic ecosystems than the National Council for the Environment Resolution No. 357/2005 (CONAMA 357/2005), due to its constant, more rigorous and sensitive monitoring. Agricultural activities and those inherent to urban areas were the main responsible for the degradation of water quality. The negative impact of agriculture was observed both on a local scale and on the water network, while urban areas had a negative effect only on the water network scale. It was also found that forests on a local scale are associated with improved water quality. It emphasizes the importance of the multiscale approach in the management of watersheds and in public policies, which should consider not only forest preservation on a local scale, but also human activities throughout the watershed. It is recommended the need for a reformulation of CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005 with a methodology applied to conservationism and holistic, as well as the importance of public policies and changes in the law of the Brazilian Forest Code on areas of permanent preservation.
    Description: O aumento das atividades humanas ameaça as paisagens das bacias hidrográficas e o monitoramento da qualidade da água e as análises multiescala têm se tornado ferramentas essenciais para a gestão dos recursos hídricos. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do uso da terra na qualidade da água em diferentes escalas espaciais. Foram selecionados 12 riachos de baixa ordem nos quais foram realizadas amostragens limnológicas (físicas, químicas e biológicas) durante o período de estiagem. Utilizou-se o índice de qualidade da água, com base nos padrões de qualidade do Canadá e Brasil. Mediu-se a porcentagem de uso da terra em escala local e rede hídrica. As variáveis ambientais foram sumarizadas por meio da Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) e posteriormente utilizadas na construção de Modelos Lineares (lm) para cada eixo resultante da PCA, utilizando a porcentagem das classes de uso da terra e declividade do terreno. Constatou-se a presença de contaminação por Chumbo, Cromo, Cobre, Nitrogênio e Escherichia coli. Constatou-se que as Diretrizes Canadenses de Qualidade da Água para a Proteção da Vida Aquática (CWQG-PAL) foram mais efetivas na proteção dos ecossistemas aquáticos do que a Resolução do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente N° 357/2005 (CONAMA 357/2005), devido ao seu monitoramento constante, mais rigoroso e sensível. As atividades agropecuárias e aquelas inerentes às áreas urbanas foram as principais responsáveis pela degradação da qualidade da água. Observou-se o impacto negativo da agropecuária tanto em escala local quanto na rede hídrica, enquanto as áreas urbanas tiveram o efeito negativo somente na escala de rede hídrica. Constatou-se também que as florestas em escala local estão associadas a melhoria na qualidade da água. Ressalta-se a importância da abordagem multiescala na gestão de bacias hidrográficas e nas políticas públicas, que deve considerar não apenas a preservação florestal em escala local, mas também as atividades humanas em toda a bacia hidrográfica. Recomenda-se a necessidade de uma reformulação na Resolução CONAMA Nº 357/2005 com uma metodologia aplicada ao conservacionismo e holística, bem como, a importância de políticas públicas e mudanças na lei do Código Florestal Brasileiro sobre as áreas de preservação permanente.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ecologia de riachos urbanos e rurais ; Degradação ; Impactos ambientais ; Recursos hídricos ; Preservação ambiental ; Política de gestão ; Políticas públicas ; Legislação ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental impact ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental monitoring ; ASFA_2015::S::Streams ; ASFA_2015::R::Resource conservation ; ASFA_2015::N::Natural resources ; ASFA_2015::R::Resource management ; ASFA_2015::D::Degradation ; ASFA_2015::S::Stream ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Environmental legislation
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    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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    Redescrição de Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger, 1887) (Characiformes: Characidae). (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-04
    Description: Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger, 1887) was described from the laguna dos Patos basin, where it is widely distributed. Together with other species that occur exclusively in the south of Neotropical region, B. iheringii forms a clade characterized by the subterminal mouth, always at level of ventral margin of the orbit; 5–6 rows of scales above lateral line; teeth of the outer row of premaxilla aligned; and dentary with teeth gradually decreasing in an anteroposterior direction. The lack of taxonomic studies regarding B. iheringii makes it difficult to identify it in relation to other congeners, as well as to determine its area of occurrence. The objective of this work was to restrict Bryconamericus iheringii to populations that are phenotypically closer to the lectotype of the species. For this, 225 specimens from the laguna dos Patos and rio Uruguai basins were analyzed. Of these, 131 specimens were identified as B. iheringii and supported the redescription proposed here. Furthermore, we present a new diagnostic proposal for B. ikaa and B. ytu. Bryconamericus iheringii is diagnosed from B. ikaa by color and B. ytu by the number of gill-rakers. Bryconamericus pliodus and B. boops are maintained as junior synonyms of B. iheringii. Finally, we suggest carrying out analyzes in populations distributed in other basins (upper and lower Paraná basins) to determine whether or not these populations belong to B.
    Description: Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger, 1887) foi descrita da bacia da laguna dos Patos, onde é amplamente distribuída. Junto de outras espécies que ocorrem exclusivamente no Sul da região Neotropical, B. iheringii forma um clado caracterizado pela boca subterminal, sempre ao nível da margem ventral da órbita; 5-6 séries de escamas acima da linha lateral; dentes da série externa do pré-maxilar alinhados; e dentário com dentes decrescendo gradativamente em sentido anteroposterior. A falta de estudos taxonômicos aprofundados em relação a B. iheringii torna difícil a sua identificação em relação as demais congêneres, bem como a determinação de sua área de ocorrência. O propósito deste trabalho foi restringir Bryconamericus iheringii às populações que mais se aproximam, fenotipicamente, do lectótipo da espécie. Para isso, foram analisados 225 exemplares provenientes das bacias da laguna dos Patos e do rio Uruguai. Destes, 131 exemplares foram identificados como B. iheringii e embasaram a redescrição aqui proposta. Apresenta-se uma nova proposta de diagnose para B. ikaa e B. ytu. Bryconamericus iheringii é diagnosticada de B. ikaa pela coloração, e de B. ytu pelo número de rastros branquiais. Bryconamericus pliodus e B. boops são mantidos como sinônimos-júniores de B. iheringii. Ao final, recomendamos a realização de análises em populações distribuídas em outras bacias (alto e baixo Paraná) para determinar se estas populações pertencem ou não a B. iheringii.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger, 1887) (Characiformes: Characidae) “lambari” ; Peixes de água doce ; Análise Discriminante Linear (LDA) ; Aplicabilidade ; Taxonomia ; Análise taxonômica ; Rede de treliças ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::T::Taxonomy ; ASFA_2015::A::Analysis ; ASFA_2015::N::Nets
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    Trends and variability in the ocean carbon sink (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 4(2), pp. 119-134, ISSN: 2662-138X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-04
    Description: The ocean has absorbed 25 ± 2% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions from the early 1960s to the late 2010s, with rates more than tripling over this period and with a mean uptake of –2.7 ± 0.3 Pg C year–1 for the period 1990 through 2019. This growth of the ocean sink matches expectations based on the increase in atmospheric CO2, but research has shown that the sink is more variable than long assumed. In this Review, we discuss trends and variations in the ocean carbon sink. The sink stagnated during the 1990s with rates hovering around –2 Pg C year–1, but strengthened again after approximately 2000, taking up around –3 Pg C year–1 for 2010–2019. The most conspicuous changes in uptake occurred in the high latitudes, especially the Southern Ocean. These variations are caused by changes in weather and climate, but a volcanic eruption-induced reduction in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and the associated global cooling contributed as well. Understanding the variability of the ocean carbon sink is crucial for policy making and projecting its future evolution, especially in the context of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change stocktaking activities and the deployment of CO2 removal methods. This goal will require a global-level effort to sustain and expand the current observational networks and to better integrate these observations with models.
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    Omnipresent authigenic calcite distorts Arctic radiocarbon chronology (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 4(1), pp. 136-136, ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-06
    Description: As calcareous foraminifera precipitate their shells from the surrounding water mass, they are the basis of most marine radiocarbon chronologies and paleo-proxies. Nevertheless, post-mortem alteration of shells, especially addition of authigenic calcite, impact proxy records. In the Arctic Ocean, authigenic calcite overgrowth on foraminifera has been attributed to hydrocarbon release, with a single report on 13C-enriched authigenic calcite, indicating a different carbon source. Here, we use comparative radiocarbon, carbon and oxygen isotope measurements to show that this 13C-enriched authigenic calcite impacts a large proportion of Holocene and the majority of last glacial planktonic foraminifera in the Arctic Basin. This authigenic precipitated calcite is 14C-depleted, so overgrowth results in invariably older 14C-ages. We show that, in comparison with published data, the true chronology of Arctic basin sediments can deviate by more than 10,000 years in critical parts of the last deglaciation and that stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, as likely all calcite-based proxy-records are affected with potential implications for paleoclimate models.
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  • 57
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    Efeito do aquecimento e do uso do solo sobre a comunidade de protistas ciliados planctônicos. (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-05
    Description: Anthropogenic actions have contributed significantly to the increase in temperature and the addition of nutrients to aquatic bodies. Among the organisms that make up the aquatic microbiota, ciliated protozoa are able to respond quickly to environmental changes imposed on these systems. Thus, the objective of this work was to experimentally investigate the effects of warming and nutrient enrichment on the patterns of richness, density and species composition of the ciliate community, using mesocosms as a model system. Effects on all attributes studied were produced only by nutrient enrichment, while changes in temperature and detritus concentration did not produce significant changes in the community. It is suggested that the bottom up effect is probably the control mechanism that is prevailing in the structuring of the community of ciliate protists in this study, as the high nutrient load is probably providing greater availability of niches, through food resources, which favor the increase the abundance and richness of protists.
    Description: Ações antrópicas sempre contribuíram significativamente para o aumento da temperatura e adição de nutrientes em corpos aquáticos. Dentre os organismos componentes da microbiota aquática, os protozoários ciliados são capazes de responder rapidamente às mudanças ambientais impostas nesses sistemas. Desta forma, investigou-se experimentalmente os efeitos do aquecimento e do enriquecimento por nutrientes sobre os padrões de riqueza, densidade e composição das espécies da comunidade de ciliados, usando mesocosmos como sistema modelo. Os efeitos sobre todos os atributos estudados foram produzidos apenas pelo enriquecimento por nutriente, enquanto que as alterações de temperatura e concentração de detrito, não produziram alterações significativas na comunidade. Dentre os múltiplos estressores avaliados, o de maior impacto na estruturação da comunidade de ciliados foi o efeito positivo dos nutrientes sobre a densidade, riqueza e composição de espécies. Destaca-se como resultado do efeito bottom up como mecanismo de controle provável que está prevalecendo na estruturação da comunidade de protistas ciliados.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Ciliados planctônicos (Ciliophora) ; Ciliados (Protozoa, Ciliophora) ; Bioindicadores ; Mudanças climáticas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::B::Bioindicators ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::P::Protists ; ASFA_2015::M::Microorganisms
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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    Dormant structures of aquatic microfauna: ecological aspects and perspectives on different climate temperature scenarios. (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-04
    Description: Dormancy is a biological process that allows communities to survive in adverse environmental conditions. The production of dormant structures is one of the main strategies performed by aquatic microfauna (ciliates, rotifers, cladocerans, copepods and ostracods). This study aimed to evaluate the dormant structures of aquatic microfauna, addressing different ecological aspects such as hatching time, dispersal, fungal influence and viability of the structures at different temperatures. The hatching experiments were performed with sediment and aquatic macrophytes of lakes from the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. The results evidenced that ostracod resting eggs have similar hatching times among taxonomically close species and that the functional traits of the species (e.g. body size and presence of spines) influence the hatching time. In addition, dried roots of the free floating macrophyte (Eichhornia crassipes) shelter and disperse ostracod resting eggs. While, for all dormant aquatic microfauna a positive effect was observed between the presence of fungi in the sediment and species richness of the dormant communities, which did not negatively influence the viability of the dormant structures. The results also showed that the increase in temperature reduced significantly the species richness of the dormant microfauna and led to homogenisation of the egg bank. Based on the results, we highlight the importance of dormant structures in the recolonisation of environments and the high potential for dispersal by biotic vectors (plants), however this is also a warning for the invasion process. In addition, climate change responsible for temperature increase is a threat to the dormant structures of aquatic microfauna, thus it necessary to create mitigation measures for the conservation of the egg bank.
    Description: A dormência é um processo biológico que permite que as comunidades sobrevivam em condições ambientais adversas. A produção de estruturas dormentes é uma das principais estratégias realizada pela microfauna aquática (ciliados, rotíferos, cladóceros, copépodes e ostrácodes). Avaliou-se as estruturas de dormência da microfauna aquática, abordando diferentes aspectos ecológicos como o tempo de eclosão, dispersão, influência de fungos e a viabilidade das estruturas em diferentes temperaturas. Experimentos de eclosão foram realizados com sedimentos e macrófitas aquáticas de lagoas da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, Brasil. Os resultados evidenciaram que os ovos resistência de ostrácodes possuem o tempo de eclosão semelhante entre espécies taxonomicamente próximas e que os traços funcionais das espécies (por exemplo: tamanho do corpo e presença de espinhos) influenciam no tempo de eclosão. Constatou-se que as raízes secas da macrófita flutuante livre (Eichhornia crassipes) abrigam e dispersam ovos de resistência de ostrácodes. Enquanto, para toda a microfauna aquática dormente observou-se uma relação positiva entre a presença de fungos no sedimento e riqueza de espécies da comunidade dormente, o que não influenciou negativamente a viabilidade das estruturas dormentes. O aumento da temperatura reduziu significativamente a riqueza de espécies da microfauna dormente e levou a homogeneização do banco de ovos. Mediante aos resultados, ressalta-se a importância destas estruturas dormentes na recolonização dos ambientes e o alto potencial de dispersão por vetores bióticos (plantas), entretanto também é um alerta para o processo de invasão. As mudanças climáticas responsáveis pelo aumento da temperatura são uma ameaça para as estruturas dormentes da microfauna aquática, e desse modo, é necessário criar medidas para a conservação do banco de ovos.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Invertebrados de água doce ; Microfauna de água doce ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Dormência ; Eclosão de ovos ; Dispersão de espécies ; Mudanças climáticas ; Lagoas temporárias ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::M::Microfauna ; ASFA_2015::L::Lake ecology ; ASFA_2015::E::Eggs ; ASFA_2015::D::Dispersion ; ASFA_2015::S::Species
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  • 59
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    Alterações na assembleia de peixes antes e após a construção de barragens com trecho de vazão reduzida no rio das Antas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-16
    Description: The demand for electricity around the world has led several countries to construct and to plan more damming in rivers. Nowadays, even small and medium sized rivers are considered for the construction of dams, forming small to medium sized reservoirs, including a reduced flow stretch, once turbines are usually located downriver far from the dam. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of small to medium sized reservoirs on fish assemblages, using a Before-After Control-Impact (BACI) design, which includes sampling before and after dammings. Reservoirs were in the cascade of the Antas River (Castro Alves, Monte Claro and 14 de Julho dams and associated reservoirs). Specifically, alterations in the selected attributes (abundance, species richness, Shannon diversity index and evenness) and in the structure of fish assemblages were evaluated. Samples were conducted before and after reservoir filling, in three sampling stations of each reservoir, one located downstream (along the reduced flow stretch), another in the reservoir (lentic area) and the other above the reservoir (lotic stretch). For the collected data, in the three reservoirs, there were variation in abundance, species richness and Shannon diversity Index, always with greater values after the formation of the reservoirs. There were also variations for the sampling sites, with greater values of abundance and species richness downstream the dams. Variations in the structure of fish assemblages, due to the formation of the reservoirs, were also relevant. These variations were more intense in the station located below the dams, followed by the one located inside the reservoir and the one located upstream. The alterations appeared to be lessened because the hydrologic regime of the Antas River works as waves, in which, several times, the wave may pass over the dam, increasing water level downstream. The increases in species richness in the sites sampled seem to be a result of distinct processes. In the reduced flow stretch downstream dams, the increase may be attributed to the accumulation of fish due the obstacle represented by the dam. For the stations inside the reservoirs, the increases are due to samplings in the littoral zone during the trophic upsurge period; fish are known to inhabit the littoral, especially small characids. Finally, for the stations located upstream may be a result of the intense fish movements in this stretch.
    Description: A crescente demanda de energia elétrica e o esgotamento do potencial disponível nos cursos de água maiores tem levado muitos países a construírem hidrelétricas em rios de menor porte, cujo desenho geralmente inclui um trecho de vazão reduzida. Esses barramentos podem levar a alterações relevantes no fluxo e dinâmica da água e, consequentemente, na biota original. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar os efeitos de barramentos em série sobre as assembleias de peixes do rio das Antas (Barragens: Castro Alves, Monte Claro e 14 de Julho), na bacia hidrográfica do rio Taquari-Antas, Rio Grande do Sul, usando um delineamento “Before-after control-impact” (BACI), ou seja, com coletas antes e após a formação dos reservatórios. Especificamente, foram avaliados alguns atributos (abundância, riqueza, diversidade de Shannon e a equitabilidade) e a estrutura das assembleias de peixes, em três estações de amostragens, localizadas a jusante, no reservatório e a montante de cada reservatório. Constatou-se variações na abundância, riqueza de espécies e diversidade de Shannon, nos três reservatórios, sempre com maiores valores imediatamente após a formação dos reservatórios. Variações também foram verificadas entre as estações de amostragens, com maiores valores a jusante das barragens. As modificações na estrutura (composição e abundância) das assembleias, após os represamentos, foram relevantes e mais acentuadas a jusante, seguidas daquelas do reservatório e de montante. As alterações não foram mais acentuadas, provavelmente devido ao fato de o regime hidrológico do rio das Antas funcionar por ondas que, em muitas vezes, faz com que a água passe por cima da barragem. O aumento da riqueza parece decorrer de processos distintos nas estações de amostragens. Para o trecho de vazão reduzida, a jusante das barragens, o aumento pode ser atribuído a um acúmulo de peixes imediatamente abaixo da barragem. Para o reservatório, decorrente das amostragens serem conduzidas na região litorânea do reservatório, durante o período de ressurgimento trófico, que geralmente apresenta um maior número de espécies. Finalmente, para a parte mais superior deve ser resultado da maior movimentação de peixes nesse trecho deve-se a manutenção parcial das condições pristinas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Reservatórios de água doce ; Reservatórios ; Peixes de água doce, Assembleia de ; Peixes, Assembleia de ; Impactos ; Bacia hidrográfica Taquari-Antas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::A::Assemblages ; ASFA_2015::I::Impacts ; ASFA_2015::R::Reservoirs (water) ; ASFA_2015::R::River basins
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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    European tree-ring isotopes indicate unusual recent hydroclimate (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 4(1), pp. 26-26, ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: In recent decades, Europe has experienced more frequent flood and drought events. However, little is known about the long-term, spatiotemporal hydroclimatic changes across Europe. Here we present a climate field reconstruction spanning the entire European continent based on tree-ring stable isotopes. A pronounced seasonal consistency in climate response across Europe leads to a unique, well-verified spatial field reconstruction of European summer hydroclimate back to AD 1600. We find three distinct phases of European hydroclimate variability as possible fingerprints of solar activity (coinciding with the Maunder Minimum and the end of the Little Ice Age) and pronounced decadal variability superimposed by a long-term drying trend from the mid-20th century. We show that the recent European summer drought (2015–2018) is highly unusual in a multi-century context and unprecedented for large parts of central and western Europe. The reconstruction provides further evidence of European summer droughts potentially being influenced by anthropogenic warming and draws attention to regional differences.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Efeitos da invasão de espécies de Cichla nos padrões taxonômicos e funcionais da assembleia de peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-18
    Description: Invasive species cause loss of diversity in introduced sites. Species of the genus Cichla, popular tucunaré or peacock bass, are known for their voracious behavior that makes them a target in sport fishing and a predator with great negative impacts on introduced sites. There is a visible controversy around the species, since the scientific literature points out more and more impacts and the legislation seek ways to increase introductions, generating propagule pressure and prohibiting fishing in invaded places. In addition, mostpapers are punctual and in anthropized places such as reservoirs. Thus, we investigated how the abundance of Cichla individuals affects the assemblage of a floodplain over a time series. We investigated the effects of Cichla on taxonomic attributes of the assemblage (richness, evenness, diversity, abundance, and body length) and on species composition (beta diversity). In addition, the effects of Cichla on functional indices of the assemblage (functional richness, functional equitability, functional divergence, and functional dispersion) are investigated. Cichlaimpacts were evident in changes in beta and functional diversities. Cichla helped in the fauna homogenization process, increasing nestedness and reducing turnover. Additionally, it increased species with similar and more common traits and reduced species with rare traits, reducing dispersion, evenness, richness and functional divergence, it is worth noting that some results appeared with a delay, that is, some impacts make some time to appear in the invaded assembly.Our results showed that Cichlaspecies are capable of changing diversity patterns even in natural environments with great diversity of habitats and species, causing ecological losses that can lead to large economic and ecosystem losses.
    Description: Espécies invasoras provocam perdas de diversidade nos locais introduzidos. As espécies do gênero Cichla, popular tucunaré, são conhecidas por um comportamento voraz que faz delas alvo na pesca esportiva e predadoras com grandes impactos negativos nos locais introduzidos. Existe polêmica em torno da espécie, uma vez que a literatura científica aponta cada vez mais impactos e a legislação busca formas de aumentar as introduções, gerando pressão de propágulos e proibindo a pesca nos locais invadidos.Adicionalmente, os trabalhos em sua maioria são pontuais e em locais antropizados como reservatórios. Investigou-se como a abundância de indivíduos de Cichla afetam a assembleia de uma planície de inundação ao longo de uma série temporal. Foram investigadosos efeitos da Cichla sobre atributos taxonômicos da assembleia (riqueza, equitabilidade, diversidade, abundância e comprimento do corpo) e sobre a composição das espécies (diversidade beta). Adicionalmente, são investigados os efeitos da Cichla sobre índices funcionais da assembleia (riqueza funcional, equitabilidade funcional, divergência funcional e dispersão funcional). Os impactos de Cichlaforam evidentes nas alterações das diversidades beta e funcional. Cichla auxiliou no processo de homogeneização da fauna, aumentando o aninhamento e reduzindo o turnover. Adicionalmente, aumentou as espécies com traços similares e mais comuns e reduziu as espécies com traços raros, reduzindo a dispersão, equitabilidade, riqueza e divergência funcional, vale ressaltar que alguns resultados apareceram com atraso, ou seja, alguns impactos podem levar um tempo para aparecer na assembleia invadida. Os resultados mostraram que as espécies de Cichla são capazes de alterar padrões de diversidade mesmo em ambientes naturais com grande diversidade de hábitats e espécies, causando perdas ecológicas que acarretam grandes perdas econômicas e ecossistêmicas.
    Description: PhD
    Keywords: Cichla spp. (PERCIFORMES, CICHLIDAE) "tucunaré" ; Peixes não nativos ; Espécie introduzida ; Diversidade funcional e taxonômica ; Invasões biológicas ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::A::Alien species ; ASFA_2015::B::Biodiversity ; ASFA_2015::S::Species diversity ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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    Parâmetros populacionais de peixes oportunistas da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná : influências do El Niño Southern Oscillation - ENSO. (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-18
    Description: The occurrences of El Niño - Southern Oscillation – ENSO climate events promote alterations in the global hydrological cycle, so that the precipitation pattern results in periods of extreme drought and floods in certain continental regions. The irregularity of rainfall inconstantly changes the hydrometric level of aquatic bodies, the flood pulse and the river discharge, which in turn alter the limnological variables, the primary productivity and the availability of resources and habitat for the aquatic organisms, possibly affecting their growth and reproduction patterns. Therefore, the population parameters (such as sex ratio, size at first sexual maturity, weight-length ratio and somatic growth) of the short-lived icthyofauna (CVC) in the upper Paraná River floodplain (PIARP) were evaluated and compared in different climate periods (El Niño, La Niña and Neutral) through statistical modeling, under Bayesian perspective. The population parameters were estimated for the Hyphessobrycon eques species, for it was one of the selected species that presented traits of opportunistic strategy, being so characterized as a short life cycle species. The results found partially corroborated with the predictions, that the highest sex ratio found was for the La Niña period (2.7 females for one male), followed by Neutral (2.3) and El Niño (1.3) periods. For the first maturity sizes (L50), estimated for both sexes, they were smaller in the La Niña period (23.87mm for females and 23.35mm for males), followed by the El Niño period (25.89 mm for females and 28.75mm for males) and Neutral period (25.97mm females/ 29.92mm males). The weight-length ratio showed that the male body shape (α) had a slightly higher body biomass (α) average than females in the Neutral and La Niña periods. However, in the El Niño period, the opposite of the other periods was observed. The estimated parameters for the female body shape (α) were higher in Neutral, followed, respectively, by the El Niño and La Niña period, though, for males, the body shape (α) was higher in Neutral, followed by the La Niña and El Niño period. The estimated median lengths for the ages are moderately longer in males than females. Furthermore, the estimated median lengths are relatively longer in extreme periods (La Niña and El Niño) for the initial ages (3 and 6 months) when compared to the Neutral period, both for males or females. For females, the estimated median lengths are comparably longer in the El Niño period than in the La Niña period, while the opposite is observed for males. For that reason, the reproductive tactics of H. eques presented in the La Niña period can be a population level’s response, used for the optimization of the reproductive success and for the maintenance of the species in the environment.
    Description: As ocorrências dos eventos climáticos El Niño-Southern Ocillation – ENSO promovem alterações no ciclo hidrológico global, de forma que o padrão de precipitação resulte em períodos de seca e cheia extremos em determinadas regiões continentais. Essa irregularidade das chuvas altera o nível hidrométrico dos corpos aquáticos, pulso de inundação e descarga fluvial de forma não previsível, que por sua vez altera as variáveis limnológicas, produtividade primária, a disponibilidade de recursos e habitat para os organismos aquáticos, podendo afetar seus padrões de crescimento e reprodução. Desta forma, avaliou-se e comparou-se os parâmetros populacionais (como razão sexual, tamanho de primeira maturação, relação peso-comprimento e crescimento somático) da ictiofauna de ciclo de vida curto (CVC) nos diferentes períodos climáticos (El Niño, La Niña e Neutro) na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná (PIARP) por meio de modelagem estatística, sob a perspectiva Bayesiana. Estimou-se os parâmetros populacionais para a espécie Hyphessobrycon eques, de estratégia oportunista, caracterizando como uma espécie de ciclo de vida curto. Os resultados indicaram a maior razão sexual encontrada para o período de La Niña (2,7 fêmeas para um macho), seguidos dos períodos Neutro (2,3) e El Niño (1,3). Para os tamanhos de primeira maturação (L50), estimados para ambos os sexos, foram menores nos períodos de La Niña (23,87mm para fêmeas e 23,35mm para machos), seguido dos períodos de El Niño (25,89mm para fêmeas e 28,75mm para machos) e Neutro (25,97mm para fêmeas e 29,92mm para machos). A relação peso-comprimento demonstrou que forma do corpo (α) dos machos apresentaram uma média de biomassa corporal (α) ligeiramente maior do que as fêmeas nos períodos Neutro e de La Niña. Todavia, no período de El Niño foi observado o contrário dos outros períodos. Os parâmetros estimados para a forma do corpo (α) da fêmea foi maior no Neutro, seguido do período de El Niño e La Niña. Enquanto para os machos a forma do corpo (α) foi maior no Neutro, seguido do período de La Niña e El Niño. Os comprimentos medianos estimados para as idades são ligeiramente maiores nos machos do que os comprimentos medianos esperados para as fêmeas. Ademais, os comprimentos medianos estimados são relativamente maiores nos períodos extremos (La Niña e El Niño, respectivamente) para as idades iniciais (3 e 6 meses) em relação ao período Neutro, tanto para os machos quanto para as fêmeas. Para as fêmeas, os comprimentos medianos estimados são relativamente maiores no período de El Niño do que no período de La Niña, enquanto para os machos, o inverso é observado. Desta forma, as táticas reprodutivas de H. eques apresentadas nos períodos de La Niña, podem ser uma resposta a nível de população, utilizada na otimização do sucesso reprodutivo e na manutenção da espécie no ambiente.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; População, Ecologia de ; Espécies oportunistas ; Eventos climáticos ; El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::P::Populations (animal) ; ASFA_2015::F::Fish species ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatic changes ; ASFA_2015::E::El Nino phenomena ; ASFA_2015::W::Weather conditions
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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    Life cycle of the cold-water coral Caryophyllia huinayensis (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 13(1), pp. 2593-2593, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Little is known about the biology of cold‑water corals (CWCs), let alone the reproduction and early life stages of these important deep‑sea foundation species. Through a three‑year aquarium experiment, we described the reproductive mode, larval release periodicity, planktonic stage, larval histology, metamorphosis and post‑larval development of the solitary scleractinian CWC Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) huinayensis collected in Comau Fjord, Chilean Patagonia. We found that C. huinayensis is a brooder releasing 78.4 ± 65.9 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) planula larvae throughout the year, a possible adaptation to low seasonality. Planulae had a length of 905 ± 114 μm and showed a well‑ developed gastrovascular system. After 8 ± 9.3 days (d), the larvae settled, underwent metamorphosis and developed the first set of tentacles after 2 ± 1.5 d. Skeletogenesis, zooplankton feeding and initiation of the fourth set of tentacles started 5 ± 2.1 d later, 21 ± 12.9 d, and 895 ± 45.9 d after settlement, respectively. Our study shows that the ontogenetic timing of C. huinayensis is comparable to that of some tropical corals, despite lacking zooxanthellae.
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    Reply to: No evidence of worsening Arctic springtime ozone losses over the 21st century (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 14(1), 4 p., pp. 1-4, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-12
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Evaluation of Surface Layer Stability Functions and Their Extension to First Order Turbulent Closures for Weakly and Strongly Stratified Stable Boundary Layer (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Springer Nature, ISSN: 0006-8314
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-25
    Description: In this study, we utilize a generalization of Monin–Obukhov similarity theory to construct first order turbulent closures for single-column models of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). A set of widely used universal functions for dimensionless gradients is evaluated. Two test cases based on Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) experimental setups are considered – weakly stable ABL (GABLS1; Beare et al. in Bound Layer Meteorol 118(2):247–272,2006), and very strongly stratified ABL (van der Linden et al. in Bound Layer Meteorol 173(2):165–192, 2019). The comparison shows that approximations obtained using a linear dimensionless velocity gradient tend to match the LES data more closely. In particular, the EFB (Energy- and Flux- Budget) closure proposed by Zilitinkevich et al. (Bound Layer Meteorol 146(3):341–373, 2013) has the best performance for the tests considered here. We also test surface layer “bulk formulas” based on these universal functions. The same LES data are utilized for comparison. The setup showcases the behavior of surface scheme, when one assumes that the velocity and temperature profiles in ABL are represented correctly. The advantages and disadvantages of different surface schemes are revealed.
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    Magma reservoir growth and ground deformation preceding the 79 CE Plinian eruption of Vesuvius (2023)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-03
    Description: The 79 CE eruption of Vesuvius is the first documented Plinian eruption, also famous for the archaeological ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Although much is known regarding the eruption dynamics and magma reservoir, little is known about the reservoir shape and growth, and related ground deformation. Numerical modelling by Finite Element Method was carried out, aimed at simulating the reservoir growth and ground deformation with respect to the reservoir shape (prolate, spherical, oblate) and magma overpressure. The modelling was tuned with volcanological, petrological and paleoenvironmental ground deformation con straints. Results indicate that the highest magma overpressure is achieved considering a prolate reservoir, making it as the most likely shape that led to eruption. Similar deformations but lower overpressures are obtained considering spherical and oblate reservoirs. These results demonstrate that ground deformation may not be indicative of eruption probability, style/size, and this has direct implications on surveillance at active explosive volcanoes
    Description: Published
    Description: 211
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Pompeii eruption ; ground deformation ; surveillance ; magma reservoir
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Influência da “ceva” na fauna endoparasitária de Brycon falcatus (Characidae: Bryconinae) do rio Teles Pires, sul da Amazônia. (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-08
    Description: Studies on endoparasitic fauna provide valuable biological information, such as migration habits, population breakdown and host feeding habits. Several species of endoparasites are transmitted via trophic web and have complex life cycles with two or more hosts, which characterizes the trophic interactions between organisms. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of attractant feeds (soybeans, corn) on the diet and on the endoparasitic fauna of Brycon falcatus, collected in the Amazon basin. The specimens were collected using a line hook, fishing rod and gill nets. Then the fish were euthanized and the stomach and intestines of each specimen were analyzed fresh. Two species of nematodes were identified, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and Philonema sp.. The diet of B. falcatus was composed of aquatic and terrestrial insects and attractant feeds, which are composed of soybeans and corn, being considered as an item of anthropic origin, which characterized it as an omnivore with a tendency to herbivory. The aquatic insects found in the diet of B. falcatus may possibly act as intermediate hosts for P. (S.) inopinatus and Philonema sp.. Among the endoparasites, it was observed that P. (S.) inopinatus presented greater abundance, intensity and prevalence parasitic compared to Philonema sp.. It was found that non-parasitized individuals had a higher condition factor than parasitized individuals. There was a significant difference in the condition factor between individuals who had the presence or absence of attractant feeds in the digestive tract. Consequently, B. falcatus was influenced by anthropic items on Kn, as specimens that did not consume this food item had a higher Kn compared to fish that ate attractant feeds. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to verify that the diet of B. falcatus had a greater representation of natural food items, such as stems and barks, Coleoptera and Ephemeroptera. However, there was an impact of attractant feeds ingestion on the relative condition factor of the specimens, requiring greater inspection to avoid this anthropic action that can negatively affect the environmental and the local fauna.
    Description: Estudos sobre a fauna endoparasitária fornecem informações biológicas valiosas, como hábitos de migração, desagregação de população e os principais itens alimentares do hospedeiro. Várias espécies de endoparasitos são transmitidas via teia trófica e apresentam ciclos de vida complexos tendo dois ou mais hospedeiros, o que caracteriza as interações tróficas entre organismos. Avaliou-se o impacto da “ceva” na dieta e na fauna endoparasitária de Brycon falcatus, coletados na bacia amazônica. Os espécimes foram coletados utilizando anzol de linha, vara de pesca e redes de emalhar. Em seguida, os peixes foram eutanaziados e o estômago e intestino de cada espécime foi triado à fresco. Foram identificadas duas espécies de nematóides, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus e Philonema sp.. A dieta de B. falcatus foi composta por insetos aquáticos, terrestres e “ceva”, a qual é composta por soja e milho, sendo considerada um item de origem antrópica, o que o caracterizou como onívoro com tendência à herbivoria. Os insetos aquáticos encontrados na dieta de B. falcatus foram considerados possíveis hospedeiros intermediários de P. (S.) inopinatus e Philonema sp.. Dentre os endoparasitos, observou-se que P. (S.) inopinatus apresentou maior abundância, intensidade e prevalência parasitária em comparação com Philonema sp.. Constatou-se que os indivíduos não parasitados apresentaram maior fator de condição do que os indivíduos parasitados. Houve diferença significativa no fator de condição entre indivíduos que apresentavam a presença ou ausência de “ceva” no trato digestório. Consequentemente, B. falcatus sofreu influência de itens antrópicos no Kn, pois exemplares que não consumiram este item alimentar apresentaram um Kn maior em comparação com os peixes que ingeriram “ceva”. Mediante os resultados obtidos verificou-se que a dieta de B. falcatus teve maior representatividade de itens alimentares naturais, como talos e cascas, Coleoptera e Ephemeroptera. Entretanto, houve o impacto da ingestão de “ceva” no fator de condição relativo dos espécimes, necessitando de maior fiscalização para evitar esta ação antrópica que pode afetar negativamente o ambiente e a fauna local.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Peixes de água doce ; Brycon falcatus (Characidae: Bryconinae) “matrinxã” ; Parasitismo ; Endoparasitismo ; Alimentação ; Ação antrópica ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::P::Parasitism ; ASFA_2015::E::Endoparasitism ; ASFA_2015::F::Feeding ; ASFA_2015::A::Anthropogenic effects
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    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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    Crystal orientation fabric anisotropy causes directional hardening of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 14(1), pp. 2653-2653, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-19
    Description: The dynamic mass loss of ice sheets constitutes one of the biggest uncertainties in projections of ice-sheet evolution. One central, understudied aspect of ice flow is how the bulk orientation of the crystal orientation fabric translates to the mechanical anisotropy of ice. Here we show the spatial distribution of the depth-averaged horizontal anisotropy and corresponding directional flow-enhancement factors covering a large area of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream onset. Our results are based on airborne and ground-based radar surveys, ice-core observations, and numerical ice-flow modelling. They show a strong spatial variability of the horizontal anisotropy and a rapid crystal reorganisation on the order of hundreds of years coinciding with the ice-stream geometry. Compared to isotropic ice, parts of the ice stream are found to be more than one order of magnitude harder for along-flow extension/compression while the shear margins are potentially softened by a factor of two for horizontal-shear deformation.
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    Estrutura populacional de Jacaratia spinosa (Aubl.) A. DC. (CARICACEAE) no Parque Estadual de Vila Rica do Espírito Santo (Fênix, PR, Brasil). (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-21
    Description: The present study refers to the survey of the population structure of Jacaratia spinosa, in the riparian forest of the Ivaí River, located in the State Park of Vila Rica do Espírito Santo, Municipality of Fênix, PR. Sampling was carried out from May to June 2001, in an area of 1ha, divided into 25 plots of 20m x 20m. Forty-five individuals were sampled, 20 young and 25 juveniles/adults, distributed mainly in the range from 40 to 100 m from the river bank. Cluster analysis indicated the existence of four groups, related to the density of juveniles and juveniles/adults, per plot and the Spearman correlation test showed that the groups of juveniles are independent of the distance with the juveniles/adults. Higher percentages of number of individuals were verified in the lower classes of diameter and height.
    Description: Este estudo, refere-se ao levantamento da estrutura populacional de Jacaratia spinosa, na floresta ripária do rio Ivaí, localizada no Parque Estadual de Vila Rica do Espírito Santo, Município de Fênix, PR. A amostragem foi realizada no período de maio a junho de 2001, numa área de 1ha, dividida em 25 parcelas de 20m x 20m. Foram amostrados 45 indivíduos, sendo 20 jovens e 25 juvenis/adultos, distribuídos, principalmente, na faixa de 40 a 100 m da margem do rio. A análise de Cluster indicou a existência de quatro grupos, relacionados à densidade de jovens e juvenis/adultos, por parcela e o teste de correlação de Spearman demonstrou que os agrupamentos de jovens são independentes da distância com os juvenis/adultos. Porcentagens mais elevadas de número de indivíduos foram verificadas nas classes inferiores de diâmetro e altura.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Jaracatiá spinosa (Aubl.) A. DC. (CARICACEAE) “jaracatiá” ; Estrutura populacional ; Vegetação ripária ; Autoecologia ; Parque Estadual de Vila Rica do Espírito Santo ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::R::Riparian vegetation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
    Format: 33pp.
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    Relações entre a assembleia de peixes e a biomassa, riqueza de espécies e diversidade funcional de macrófitas aquáticas. (2023)
    Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Departamento de Biologia. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-25
    Description: The aquatic macrophytes are considered an essential component of freshwater ecosystems, influencing the structure of fish assemblage that use macrophyte stands in search of food resources and refuge. These plants affect the fish trophic interaction, reducing the competition and predation pressure between the organisms. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between biomass, richness and functional diversity of aquatic macrophytes and theabundance, richness and fish size that use plants as habitat. Fish and macrophytes were sampled in the drought period, in 30 macrophytes stands along a 13.7 km long stretch in the Baía river, located in the Upper Paraná River floodplain. The fish were captured using plexiglass, and the macrophytes were sampled using a square. The relationship between the abundance and richness of fish and the biomass, functional diversity and richness of macrophytes was tested using a generalized linear model (GLM). The relationship between the size of individuals and the biomass of plants was tested using a linear mixed model (LMM). Were captured 25 fish species, totaling 4648 individuals, and 18 macrophytes species. Our results indicate that abundance and richness of fish responded negatively to plant biomass and showed a positive trend in relation to macrophyte richness. However, significant values were verified only in the relationship between abundance of fish and plant biomass, which indicated that this variable may respond better to these changes compared to fish richness. The relationship between macrophyte functional diversity and abundance of fish, showed a significant non-linear response,confirmed bysignificance value, obtained throughathird-orderpolynomial model,being higher in intermediate values of functional diversity, which is associated with greater structuring provided by plants alongofthe gradient.The total length of fish decreased as plant biomass increased, which indicates that the small interstitial spaces in habitats with high macrophyte biomass can restrict the body size of fish, affecting their movement. These results suggest that biomass and functional diversity of macrophytes can influence fish assemblage, as abundance decreases in more complex stands and increases in stands with intermediate functional diversity. The body size of fish also decreases in places with higher plant biomass. Theresults show that macrophytes can structure an environment, modifying the compositionof fish assemblages, and even being able to select characteristics of these animals according to structural complexity.The plantbiomassinfluencesthe abundance and the body size of fishes, reducingthe significant roleofmacrophytes intheformation andselection of aquatic habitats.Thus, this study emphasizes the importance ofpreservationofaquatic macrophytes,protectingthe biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems.
    Description: As macrófitas aquáticas são consideradas componentes importantes dos ecossistemas de água doce, influenciando na estruturação das assembleias de peixes que utilizam os bancos de macrófitas em busca de recursos alimentares e refúgio. Dessa forma, essas plantas influenciam as interações tróficas, reduzindo a pressão de predação e competição entre os organismos. Avaliou-se a relação entre a biomassa, a riqueza de espécies e a diversidade funcional de macrófitas aquáticas e a abundância, riqueza e tamanho dos peixes que utilizam essas plantas como habitat. Peixes e macrófitas foram amostrados no período de seca, em 30 pontos ao longo de 13,7 km de extensão no rio Baía, localizado na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, Brasil. Os peixes foram capturados com armadilhas de acrílico e as macrófitas foram amostradas por meio de um quadrado. A relação entre a abundância e riqueza de peixes e a biomassa, diversidade funcional e riqueza de macrófitas foi testada por meio de Modelos Lineares Generalizados (GLM). A relação entre o tamanho dos indivíduos e a biomassa de plantas foi testada por meio de um Modelo Linear Misto (LMM). Foram capturadas 25 espécies de peixes, totalizando 4.648 indivíduos, e 18 espécies de macrófitas. Os resultados apontam que a abundância e riqueza de peixes responderam negativamente à biomassa de plantas, e apresentaram uma tendência positiva em relação à riqueza de macrófitas. Porém, os valores significativos foram verificados apenas para a relação entre abundância de peixes e biomassa de plantas, o que indica que esta variável pode responder melhor a essas alterações, comparada à riqueza de peixes. A relação entre a diversidade funcional de macrófitas e a abundância de peixes apresentou uma resposta não-linear significativa, confirmada pelo valor de significância, obtido por meio de um modelo polinomial de segunda e terceira ordem, sendo mais elevada em valores intermediários de diversidade funcional, o que está associada à maior estruturação proporcionada pelas plantas ao longo do gradiente. O comprimento total dos peixes diminuiu conforme o aumento da biomassa de plantas, o que indica que os pequenos espaços intersticiais em habitats com elevadas biomassas de macrófitas podem restringir o tamanho do corpo dos peixes, afetando sua movimentação. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a biomassa e a diversidade funcional de macrófitas podem influenciar a assembleia de peixes, visto que a abundância diminui em bancos mais complexos e aumenta em bancos com diversidade funcional intermediária. O tamanho corporal dos peixes também diminui em locais com maior biomassa vegetal. Os resultados evidenciam que as macrófitas são capazes de estruturar um ambiente, modificando a composição das assembleias de peixes, podendo, inclusive, selecionar características desses animais de acordo com a complexidade estrutural. Dessa forma, a biomassa das plantas influencia a abundância e o tamanho corporal dos peixes, indicando o papel das macrófitas na formação e a sua importância na proteção da biodiversidade dos ecossistemas de água doce.
    Description: Masters
    Keywords: Populações, Ecologia de ; Comunidades, Ecologia de ; Interação animal-planta ; Atributos ; Macrófitas aquáticas ; Complexidade estrutural ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater ecology ; ASFA_2015::C::Communities (ecological) ; ASFA_2015::F::Floodplains ; ASFA_2015::M::Macrophytes ; ASFA_2015::I::Interactions ; ASFA_2015::B::Biomass ; ASFA_2015::F::Freshwater fish ; ASFA_2015::A::Assemblages
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Thesis/Dissertation
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    Decoding ice flow history from englacial radar stratigraphy (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 4(3), pp. 141-141, ISSN: 2662-138X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-18
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    The impact of salps (Salpa thompsoni) on the Antarctic krill population (Euphausia superba): an individual-based modelling study (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Ecological Processes, Springer Nature, 12(1), pp. 50-50, ISSN: 2192-1709
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-23
    Description: Krill (Euphausia superba) and salps (Salpa thompsoni) are key macrozooplankton grazers in the Southern Ocean ecosystem. However, due to differing habitat requirements, both species previously exhibited little spatial overlap. With ongoing climate change-induced seawater temperature increase and regional sea ice loss, salps can now extend their spatial distribution into historically krill-dominated areas and increase rapidly due to asexual reproduction when environmental conditions are favorable. Understanding the potential effects on krill is crucial, since krill is a species of exceptional trophic significance in the Southern Ocean food web. Negative impacts on krill could trigger cascading effects on its predators and prey. To address this question, we combined two individual-based models on salps and krill, which describe the whole life cycle of salp individuals and the dynamic energy budget of individual krill. The resulting new model PEKRIS (PErformance of KRIll vs. Salps) simulates a krill population for 100 years under varying chlorophyll-a concentrations in the presence or absence of salps. All of the investigated krill population properties (abundance, mean length, and yearly egg production) were significantly impacted by the presence of salps. On the other hand, salp density was not impacted if krill were present. The medians of krill population properties deviated during variable maximum chlorophyll-a density per year when salps were introduced by − 99.9% (− 234 individuals per 1000 m3) for krill density, − 100% (− 22,062 eggs per 1000 m3) for krill eggs and − 0.9% (− 0.3 mm) for mean length of krill. If both species compete for the same food resource in a closed space, salps seem to inhibit krill populations. Further simulation studies should investigate whether this effect prevails if different phytoplankton sizes and consumption preferences of krill are implemented. Furthermore, direct predation of the two species or consumption of krill fecal pellets by salps could change the impact size of the food competition.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Thawing permafrost poses environmental threat to thousands of sites with legacy industrial contamination (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 14(1), pp. 1721-1721, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Industrial contaminants accumulated in Arctic permafrost regions have been largely neglected in existing climate impact analyses. Here we identify about 4500 industrial sites where potentially hazardous substances are actively handled or stored in the permafrost-dominated regions of the Arctic. Furthermore, we estimate that between 13,000 and 20,000 contaminated sites are related to these industrial sites. Ongoing climate warming will increase the risk of contamination and mobilization of toxic substances since about 1100 industrial sites and 3500 to 5200 contaminated sites located in regions of stable permafrost will start to thaw before the end of this century. This poses a serious environmental threat, which is exacerbated by climate change in the near future. To avoid future environmental hazards, reliable long-term planning strategies for industrial and contaminated sites are needed that take into account the impacts of cimate change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Spatial and temporal variability of the acoustic repertoire of Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) in the Weddell Sea (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 13(1), pp. 11861-11861, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: Since the attribution of the bio-duck call to Antarctic minke whales (AMW Balaenoptera bonaerensis), different studies have retrospectively identified several bio-duck call types at various sites throughout the Southern Hemisphere. The function of their vocal behavior however, remains largely unknown. Further insights into their repertoire usage may help to reveal the function of their calls. Here, we use passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data collected across six locations throughout the Weddell Sea (WS) in 2013 and from PALAOA Station (Ekström Ice Shelf, eastern WS) in 2015, 2016 and 2017. In 2013, we detected 11 bio-duck call types throughout the WS between May and December, with additional acoustic activity in February on the western recorder AMW calls fell into four general call clusters. Seasonal patterns of calls showed variability between locations and years. Furthermore, this is the first study to show that similar to other baleen whale species, AMWs also produce songs.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Continuous observations of the surface energy budget and meteorology over the Arctic sea ice during MOSAiC (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Springer Nature, 10(1), pp. 519-519, ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) was a yearlong expedition supported by the icebreaker R/V Polarstern, following the Transpolar Drift from October 2019 to October 2020. The campaign documented an annual cycle of physical, biological, and chemical processes impacting the atmosphere-ice-ocean system. Of central importance were measurements of the thermodynamic and dynamic evolution of the sea ice. A multi-agency international team led by the University of Colorado/CIRES and NOAA-PSL observed meteorology and surface-atmosphere energy exchanges, including radiation; turbulent momentum flux; turbulent latent and sensible heat flux; and snow conductive flux. There were four stations on the ice, a 10 m micrometeorological tower paired with a 23/30 m mast and radiation station and three autonomous Atmospheric Surface Flux Stations. Collectively, the four stations acquired ~928 days of data. This manuscript documents the acquisition and post-processing of those measurements and provides a guide for researchers to access and use the data products.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Spatial fragmentation in the distribution of diatom endosymbionts from the taxonomically clarified dinophyte Kryptoperidinium triquetrum (= Kryptoperidinium foliaceum, Peridiniales) (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 13(1), pp. 8593-8593, ISSN: 2045-2322
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-21
    Description: Among the photosynthetically active dinophytes, the Kryptoperidiniaceae are unique in having a diatom as endosymbiont instead of the widely present peridinin chloroplast. Phylogenetically, it is unresolved at present how the endosymbionts are inherited, and the taxonomic identities of two iconic dinophyte names, Kryptoperidinium foliaceum and Kryptoperidinium triquetrum, are also unclear. Multiple strains were newly established from the type locality in the German Baltic Sea off Wismar and inspected using microscopy as well as molecular sequence diagnostics of both host and endosymbiont. All strains were bi-nucleate, shared the same plate formula (i.e., po, X, 4′, 2a, 7′′, 5c, 7s, 5′′′, 2′′′′) and exhibited a narrow and characteristically L-shaped precingular plate 7′′. Within the molecular phylogeny of Bacillariaceae, endosymbionts were scattered over the tree in a highly polyphyletic pattern, even if they were gained from different strains of a single species, namely K. triquetrum. Notably, endosymbionts from the Baltic Sea show molecular sequences distinct from the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, which is the first report of such a spatial fragmentation in a planktonic species of dinophytes. The two names K. foliaceum and K. triquetrum are taxonomically clarified by epitypification, with K. triquetrum having priority over its synonym K. foliaceum. Our study underlines the need of stable taxonomy for central questions in evolutionary biology.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Atlantic water influx and sea-ice cover drive taxonomic and functional shifts in Arctic marine bacterial communities (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3The ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology, Springer Nature, 17(10), pp. 1612-1625, ISSN: 1751-7362
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The Arctic Ocean is experiencing unprecedented changes because of climate warming, necessitating detailed analyses on the ecology and dynamics of biological communities to understand current and future ecosystem shifts. Here, we generated a four-year, high-resolution amplicon dataset along with one annual cycle of PacBio HiFi read metagenomes from the East Greenland Current (EGC), and combined this with datasets spanning different spatiotemporal scales (Tara Arctic and MOSAiC) to assess the impact of Atlantic water influx and sea-ice cover on bacterial communities in the Arctic Ocean. Densely ice-covered polar waters harboured a temporally stable, resident microbiome. Atlantic water influx and reduced sea-ice cover resulted in the dominance of seasonally fluctuating populations, resembling a process of “replacement” through advection, mixing and environmental sorting. We identified bacterial signature populations of distinct environmental regimes, including polar night and high-ice cover, and assessed their ecological roles. Dynamics of signature populations were consistent across the wider Arctic; e.g. those associated with dense ice cover and winter in the EGC were abundant in the central Arctic Ocean in winter. Population- and community-level analyses revealed metabolic distinctions between bacteria affiliated with Arctic and Atlantic conditions; the former with increased potential to use bacterial- and terrestrial-derived substrates or inorganic compounds. Our evidence on bacterial dynamics over spatiotemporal scales provides novel insights into Arctic ecology and indicates a progressing Biological Atlantification of the warming Arctic Ocean, with consequences for food webs and biogeochemical cycles.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Metabolic independence drives gut microbial colonization and resilience in health and disease (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Genome Biology, Springer Nature, 24(1), pp. 78-78, ISSN: 1474-760X
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Background: Changes in microbial community composition as a function of human health and disease states have sparked remarkable interest in the human gut microbiome. However, establishing reproducible insights into the determinants of microbial succession in disease has been a formidable challenge. Results: Here we use fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as an in natura experimental model to investigate the association between metabolic independence and resilience in stressed gut environments. Our genome-resolved metagenomics survey suggests that FMT serves as an environmental filter that favors populations with higher metabolic independence, the genomes of which encode complete metabolic modules to synthesize critical metabolites, including amino acids, nucleotides, and vitamins. Interestingly, we observe higher completion of the same biosynthetic pathways in microbes enriched in IBD patients. Conclusions: These observations suggest a general mechanism that underlies changes in diversity in perturbed gut environments and reveal taxon-independent markers of “dysbiosis” that may explain why widespread yet typically low-abundance members of healthy gut microbiomes can dominate under inflammatory conditions without any causal association with disease.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Microbial-enrichment method enables high-throughput metagenomic characterization from host-rich samples (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Methods, Springer Nature, 20(11), pp. 1672-1682, ISSN: 1548-7091
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Host–microbe interactions have been linked to health and disease states through the use of microbial taxonomic profiling, mostly via 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. However, many mechanistic insights remain elusive, in part because studying the genomes of microbes associated with mammalian tissue is difficult due to the high ratio of host to microbial DNA in such samples. Here we describe a microbial-enrichment method (MEM), which we demonstrate on a wide range of sample types, including saliva, stool, intestinal scrapings, and intestinal mucosal biopsies. MEM enabled high-throughput characterization of microbial metagenomes from human intestinal biopsies by reducing host DNA more than 1,000-fold with minimal microbial community changes (roughly 90% of taxa had no significant differences between MEM-treated and untreated control groups). Shotgun sequencing of MEM-treated human intestinal biopsies enabled characterization of both high- and low-abundance microbial taxa, pathways and genes longitudinally along the gastrointestinal tract. We report the construction of metagenome-assembled genomes directly from human intestinal biopsies for bacteria and archaea at relative abundances as low as 1%. Analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes reveals distinct subpopulation structures between the small and large intestine for some taxa. MEM opens a path for the microbiome field to acquire deeper insights into host–microbe interactions by enabling in-depth characterization of host-tissue-associated microbial communities.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    GLORIA - A globally representative hyperspectral in situ dataset for optical sensing of water quality (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Springer Nature, 10(1), pp. 100-100, ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-10
    Description: The development of algorithms for remote sensing of water quality (RSWQ) requires a large amount of in situ data to account for the bio-geo-optical diversity of inland and coastal waters. The GLObal Reflectance community dataset for Imaging and optical sensing of Aquatic environments (GLORIA) includes 7,572 curated hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance measurements at 1 nm intervals within the 350 to 900 nm wavelength range. In addition, at least one co-located water quality measurement of chlorophyll a, total suspended solids, absorption by dissolved substances, and Secchi depth, is provided. The data were contributed by researchers affiliated with 59 institutions worldwide and come from 450 different water bodies, making GLORIA the de-facto state of knowledge of in situ coastal and inland aquatic optical diversity. Each measurement is documented with comprehensive methodological details, allowing users to evaluate fitness-for-purpose, and providing a reference for practitioners planning similar measurements. We provide open and free access to this dataset with the goal of enabling scientific and technological advancement towards operational regional and global RSWQ monitoring.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Biologically Inspired Girder Structure for the Synchrotron Radiation Facility PETRA IV (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Bionic Engineering, Springer Nature, 20(5), pp. 1996-2017, ISSN: 1672-6529
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Lightweight structures are widely used across different industry sectors. However, they get easily excited by external influences, such as vibrations. Undesired high vibration amplitudes can be avoided by shifting the structural eigenfrequencies, which can be achieved adapting the structural design considering optimisation procedures and structures primarily inspired by diatoms. This procedures has been applied to the development process of a girder structure installed in a synchrotron radiation facility to support heavy magnets and other components. The objective was to design a 2.9 m long girder structure with high eigenfrequencies, a high stiffness and a low mass. Based on a topology optimisation result, a parametric beam–shell model including biologically inspired structures (e.g., Voronoi combs, ribs, and soft and organic-looking transitions) was built up. The subsequent cross-sectional optimisation using evolutionary strategic optimisation revealed an optimum girder structure, which was successfully manufactured using the casting technology. Eigenfrequency measurements validated the numerical models. Future changes in the specifications can be implemented in the bio-inspired development process to obtain adapted girder structures.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Advances in chemical analysis of micro- and nanoplastics (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Springer Nature, 415(15), pp. 2869-2871, ISSN: 1618-2642
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Recent European drying and its link to prevailing large-scale atmospheric patterns (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 13(1), pp. 21921-21921, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: The extreme 2018 and 2022 droughts pose as recent examples of a series of drought events that have hit Europe over the last decades with wide ranging social, environmental and economic impacts. Although the link between atmospheric circulation and meteorological drought is clear and often highlighted during major drought events, there is a lack of in-depth studies linking historical changes in meteorological drought indices and prevailing large-scale atmospheric patterns in Europe. To meet this shortfall, we investigated the relation between changes in large-scale atmospheric patterns and meteorological drought, as indicated by the geopotential height at 500mb (Z500) and the Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), respectively. Calculations were done separately for four climate regions (North, West, Central-East and Mediterranean) over the growing season (March–September). Coherent patterns of significant changes towards higher pressure (increasing Z500) and drier conditions (decreasing SPEI) over 1979–2021 are found over West in spring and Central-East in summer. Z500 and SPEI are strongly linked, reflected by both significant (1979–2021) correlations and high co-occurrences (69-96%) between meteorological drought and high-pressure anomaly occurrences since 1900. North shows the most heterogeneous trend patterns and weakest links, but constitutes a hotspot of significantly increasing Z500 in September. Finally, we performed an ensemble-based, European wide analysis of future Z500, based on CMIP6 low-end (SSP126) and high-end (SSP585) 21st century emission scenarios. According to the projected changes, anomalously high-pressure systems will be the new normal regardless of scenario, and well exceeding the 2018 and 2022 levels in the case of the high-end emission scenario. However, due to the limitations of the model ensemble to represent the spatial heterogeneity in historical Z500 variability and trends (1979–2014), projected changes in large-scale circulation, and associated meteorological droughts, are highly uncertain. This paper provides new insight into significant trends in atmospheric circulation over Europe, their strong links to the observed drying trends, and the inability of a CMIP6 ensemble to reproduce the spatial heterogeneity of the circulation changes.
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    Hotspot movement of compound events on the Europe continent (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 13(1), pp. 18100-18100, ISSN: 2045-2322
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Climate indices are often used as a climate monitoring tool, allowing us to understand how the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events are changing over time. Here, based on complex statistical analysis we identify highly correlated significant pairs of compound events at the highest spatial resolution, on a monthly temporal scale across Europe. Continental-scale monthly analysis unleashes information on compound events such as high-risk zones, hotspots, monthly shifts of hotspots and trends, risk exposure to land cover and population, and identification of maximum increasing trends. While there are many studies on single or compound climate extremes there are only a few studies that addresses the relationship between pairs of hazards, the incorporation of bioclimatic indices, the determination of a grid best-fit copula approach, and the outlining relevance of this work of compound event risks with exposures. In this respect, here, using 27-bivariate and 10-trivariate copula models, we show that the different hazard pairs have high combined risks of indices related to radiation, temperature, evapotranspiration, bioclimatic-based indices, such as the universal thermal climate index, wind chill index, and heat index, mainly over the northern and eastern European countries. Furthermore, we show that over the last 7 decades, agricultural and coastal areas are highly exposed to the risks of defined hotspots of compound events. In some of the hotspots of compound events-identified by clusters, there is no monthly shifts of hotspots, leading to higher impacts when compounded. Future work needs to integrate the framework and process to identify other compound pairs.
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    Cyclones modulate the control of the North Atlantic Oscillation on transports into the Barents Sea (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 4(1), pp. 324-324, ISSN: 2662-4435
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: The warm Atlantic Water transported into the Barents Sea plays a crucial role in winter sea ice extent, marine ecosystems, and mid-latitude weather. The North Atlantic Oscillation is known to be an important driver for the Atlantic Water transport variability in the Barents Sea Opening. Here, we find that the dependence of the Barents Sea Opening ocean volume transport variability on the North Atlantic Oscillation is non-stationary. Our results indicate that for the period 1995 to 2005, the link between the North Atlantic Oscillation and the transport variability in the Barents Sea Opening temporarily weakened before an eventual recovery. During this period, synoptic cyclones with unusual trajectories as a consequence of pronounced atmospheric blocking in the North Atlantic sector altered the large-scale and local wind patterns. This temporarily caused a state that the Barents Sea Opening transport variability is largely locally driven instead of being driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation. Our study suggests that an adequate representation of both the North Atlantic Oscillation and cyclone activity is necessary for climate models to better predict future changes in poleward ocean heat transport and Arctic climate.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Diversity and structure of feather mite communities on seabirds from the north–east Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 13(1), pp. 4793-4793, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: The richness and structure of symbiont assemblages are shaped by many factors acting at different spatial and temporal scales. Among them, host phylogeny and geographic distance play essential roles. To explore drivers of richness and structure of symbiont assemblages, feather mites and seabirds are an attractive model due to their peculiar traits. Feather mites are permanent ectosymbionts and considered highly host-specific with limited dispersal abilities. Seabirds harbour species-rich feather mite communities and their colonial breeding provides opportunities for symbionts to exploit several host species. To unravel the richness and test the influence of host phylogeny and geographic distance on mite communities, we collected feather mites from 11 seabird species breeding across the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Using morphological criteria, we identified 33 mite species, of which 17 were new or recently described species. Based on community similarity analyses, mite communities were clearly structured by host genera, while the effect of geography within host genera or species was weak and sometimes negligible. We found a weak but significant effect of geographic distance on similarity patterns in mite communities for Cory’s shearwaters Calonectris borealis. Feather mite specificity mainly occurred at the host-genus rather than at host-species level, suggesting that previously inferred host species-specificity may have resulted from poorly sampling closely related host species. Overall, our results show that host phylogeny plays a greater role than geography in determining the composition and structure of mite assemblages and pinpoints the importance of sampling mites from closely-related host species before describing mite specificity patterns.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Atmospheric concentrations of black carbon are substantially higher in spring than summer in the Arctic (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 4(1), pp. 91-91, ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A key driving factor behind rapid Arctic climate change is black carbon, the atmospheric aerosol that most efficiently absorbs sunlight. Our knowledge about black carbon in the Arctic is scarce, mainly limited to long-term measurements of a few ground stations and snap-shots by aircraft observations. Here, we combine observations from aircraft campaigns performed over nine years, and present vertically resolved average black carbon properties. A factor of four higher black carbon mass concentration (21.6 ng m−3 average, 14.3 ng m−3 median) was found in spring, compared to summer (4.7 ng m−3 average, 3.9 ng m−3 median). In spring, much higher inter-annual and geographic variability prevailed compared to the stable situation in summer. The shape of the black carbon size distributions remained constant between seasons with an average mass mean diameter of 202 nm in spring and 210 nm in summer. Comparison between observations and concentrations simulated by a global model shows notable discrepancies, highlighting the need for further model developments and intensified measurements.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 88
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    Author Correction: GLORIA - A globally representative hyperspectral in situ dataset for optical sensing of water quality (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Springer Nature, 10(1), pp. 191-191, ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-16
    Description: An author of the paper was omitted in the original version (Ted Conroy, University of Waikato, New Zealand). This has been corrected in the pdf and HTML versions of the paper, and the associated metadata.
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  • 89
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    Multi-omics analysis reveals the molecular response to heat stress in a “red tide” dinoflagellate (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Genome Biology, Springer Nature, 24(1), pp. 265-265, ISSN: 1474-760X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: “Red tides” are harmful algal blooms caused by dinoflagellate microalgae that accumulate toxins lethal to other organisms, including humans via consumption of contaminated seafood. These algal blooms are driven by a combination of environmental factors including nutrient enrichment, particularly in warm waters, and are increasingly frequent. The molecular, regulatory, and evolutionary mechanisms that underlie the heat stress response in these harmful bloom-forming algal species remain little understood, due in part to the limited genomic resources from dinoflagellates, complicated by the large sizes of genomes, exhibiting features atypical of eukaryotes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 90
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    Global warming has reached the top of the Greenland ice sheet (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Springer Nature, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 91
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    Three-dimensional topology dataset of folded radar stratigraphy in northern Greenland (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Springer Nature, 10(1), pp. 525-525, ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: We present a dataset of reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) englacial stratigraphic horizons in northern Greenland. The data cover four different regions representing key ice-dynamic settings in Greenland: (i) the onset of Petermann Glacier, (ii) a region upstream of the 79° North Glacier (Nioghalvfjerdsbræ), near the northern Greenland ice divide, (iii) the onset of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) and (iv) a 700 km wide region extending across the central ice divide over the entire northern part of central Greenland. In this paper, we promote the advantages of a 3D perspective of deformed englacial stratigraphy and explain how 3D horizons provide an improved basis for interpreting and reconstructing the ice-dynamic history. The 3D horizons are provided in various formats to allow a wide range of applications and reproducibility of results.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 92
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    Modern temperatures in central–north Greenland warmest in past millennium (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Springer Nature, 613(7944), pp. 503-507, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: The Greenland Ice Sheet has a central role in the global climate system owing to its size, radiative effects and freshwater storage, and as a potential tipping point1. Weather stations show that the coastal regions are warming2, but the imprint of global warming in the central part of the ice sheet is unclear, owing to missing long-term observations. Current ice-core-based temperature reconstructions3–5 are ambiguous with respect to isolating global warming signatures from natural variability, because they are too noisy and do not include the most recent decades. By systematically redrilling ice cores, we created a high-quality reconstruction of central and north Greenland temperatures from ad 1000 until 2011. Here we show that the warming in the recent reconstructed decade exceeds the range of the pre-industrial temperature variability in the past millennium with virtual certainty (P < 0.001) and is on average 1.5 ± 0.4 degrees Celsius (1 standard error) warmer than the twentieth century. Our findings suggest that these exceptional temperatures arise from the superposition of natural variability with a long-term warming trend, apparent since ad 1800. The disproportionate warming is accompanied by enhanced Greenland meltwater run-off, implying that anthropogenic influence has also arrived in central and north Greenland, which might further accelerate the overall Greenland mass loss.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 93
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    Incorporating mesopelagic fish into the evaluation of conservation areas for marine living resources under climate change scenarios (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Marine Life Science & Technology, Springer Nature, pp. 1-16, ISSN: 2096-6490
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Mesopelagic fish (meso-fish) are central species within the Southern Ocean (SO). However, their ecosystem role and adaptive capacity to climate change are rarely integrated into marine protected area (MPAs) assessments. This is a pity given their importance as crucial prey and predators in food webs, coupled with the impacts of climate change. Here, we estimate the habitat distribution of nine meso-fish using an ensemble model approach (MAXENT, random forest, and boosted regression tree). Four climate model simulations were used to project their distribution under two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for short-term (2006–2055) and long-term (2050–2099) periods. In addition, we assess the ecological representativeness of established and proposed MPAs under climate change scenarios using meso-fish as indicator species. Our models show that all species shift poleward in the future. Lanternfishes (family Myctophidae) are predicted to migrate poleward more than other families (Paralepididae, Nototheniidae, Bathylagidae, and Gonostomatidae). In comparison, lanternfishes were projected to increase habitat area in the eastern SO but lose area in the western SO; the opposite was projected for species in other families. Important areas (IAs) of meso-fish are mainly distributed near the Antarctic Peninsula and East Antarctica. Proposed MPAs cover 23% of IAs at present and 38% of IAs in the future (RCP8.5, long-term future). Many IAs of meso-fish still need to be included in MPA proposals, such as the Prydz Bay and the seas around the Antarctic Peninsula. Our results provide a framework for designing new MPAs incorporating climate change adaptation strategies for MPA management.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Springer Nature, 10(1), pp. 347-347, ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: The information system PANGAEA provides targeted support for research data management as well as long-term data archiving and publication. PANGAEA is operated as an open access library for archiving, publishing, and distributing georeferenced data from earth and environmental sciences. It focuses on observational and experimental data. Citability, comprehensive metadata descriptions, interoperability of data and metadata, a high degree of structural and semantic harmonization of the data inventory as well as the commitment of the hosting institutions ensures the long-term usability of archived data. PANGAEA is a pioneer of FAIR and open data infrastructures to enable data intensive science and an integral component of national and international science and technology activities. This paper provides an overview of the recent organisational, structural, and technological advancements in developing and operating the information system.
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    Subsea permafrost organic carbon stocks are large and of dominantly low reactivity (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 13(1), pp. 9425-, ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-07
    Description: Subsea permafrost carbon pools below the Arctic shelf seas are a major unknown in the global carbon cycle. We combine a numerical model of sedimentation and permafrost evolution with simplified carbon turnover to estimate accumulation and microbial decomposition of organic matter on the pan-Arctic shelf over the past four glacial cycles. We find that Arctic shelf permafrost is a globally important long-term carbon sink storing 2822 (1518–4982) Pg OC, double the amount stored in lowland permafrost. Although currently thawing, prior microbial decomposition and organic matter aging limit decomposition rates to less than 48 Tg OC/yr (25–85) constraining emissions due to thaw and suggesting that the large permafrost shelf carbon pool is largely insensitive to thaw. We identify an urgent need to reduce uncertainty in rates of microbial decomposition of organic matter in cold and saline subaquatic environments. Large emissions of methane more likely derive from older and deeper sources than from organic matter in thawing permafrost.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Alkalinity responses to climate warming destabilise the Earth’s thermostat (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 14(1), pp. 1648-1648, ISSN: 2041-1723
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-07
    Description: Alkalinity generation from rock weathering modulates Earth’s climate at geological time scales. Although lithology is thought to dominantly control alkalinity generation globally, the role of other first-order controls appears elusive. Particularly challenging remains the discrimination of climatic and erosional influences. Based on global observations, here we uncover the role of erosion rate in governing riverine alkalinity, accompanied by areal proportion of carbonate, mean annual temperature, catchment area, and soil regolith thickness. We show that the weathering flux to the ocean will be significantly altered by climate warming as early as 2100, by up to 68% depending on the environmental conditions, constituting a sudden feedback of ocean CO2 sequestration to climate. Interestingly, warming under a low-emissions scenario will reduce terrestrial alkalinity flux from mid-latitudes (–1.6 t(bicarbonate) a−1 km−2) until the end of the century, resulting in a reduction in CO2 sequestration, but an increase (+0.5 t(bicarbonate) a−1 km−2) from mid-latitudes is likely under a high-emissions scenario, yielding an additional CO2 sink.
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    Helicopter-borne RGB orthomosaics and photogrammetric digital elevation models from the MOSAiC Expedition (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Springer Nature, 10(1), pp. 426-426, ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-06
    Description: The Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition took place between October 2019 and September 2020 giving the rare opportunity to monitor sea-ice properties over a full annual cycle. Here we present 24 high-resolution orthomosaics and 14 photogrammetric digital elevation models of the sea-ice surface around the icebreaker RV Polarstern between March and September 2020. The dataset is based on 〉34.000 images acquired by a helicopter-borne optical camera system with survey flights covering areas between 1.8 and 96.5 km2 around the vessel. Depending on the flight pattern and altitude of the helicopter, ground resolutions of the orthomosaics range between 0.03 and 0.5 m. By combining the photogrammetric products with contemporaneously acquired airborne laser scanner reflectance measurements selected orthomosaics could be corrected for cloud shadows which facilitates their usage for sea-ice and melt pond classification algorithms. The presented dataset is a valuable data source for the interdisciplinary MOSAiC community building a temporal and spatially resolved baseline to accompany various remote sensing and in situ research projects.
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    Author Correction: Transiting consolidated ice strongly influenced polynya area during a shrink event in Terra Nova Bay in 2013 (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 4(1), pp. 107-107, ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: In this article the author name Matthew Mazloff was incorrectly written as Matthew Mazloeff. The original article has been corrected.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 99
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    Author Correction: A Database of Snow on Sea Ice in the Central Arctic Collected during the MOSAiC expedition (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Springer Nature, 10(1), pp. 500-500, ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: Correction to: Scientific Data, published online 22 June 2023 The original version showed the wrong image for Figure 3, with the image for Figure 4 used for both. This has been corrected in the pdf and HTML versions of the article, with the correct version of Figure 3 replacing the duplicated figure. The dates in the figure captions were also incorrect and have been amended as follows: Figure 3 caption: “from 2019-10-25 - 2020-07-30” modified to “from 2019-10-25 - 2020-05-15” Figure 4 caption: “from 2020-02-25 - 2020-07-30” modified to “from 2020-06-13 - 2020-07-30”.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    A Database of Snow on Sea Ice in the Central Arctic Collected during the MOSAiC expedition (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Springer Nature, 10(1), pp. 398-398, ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: Snow plays an essential role in the Arctic as the interface between the sea ice and the atmosphere. Optical properties, thermal conductivity and mass distribution are critical to understanding the complex Arctic sea ice system’s energy balance and mass distribution. By conducting measurements from October 2019 to September 2020 on the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition, we have produced a dataset capturing the year-long evolution of the physical properties of the snow and surface scattering layer, a highly porous surface layer on Arctic sea ice that evolves due to preferential melt at the ice grain boundaries. The dataset includes measurements of snow during MOSAiC. Measurements included profiles of depth, density, temperature, snow water equivalent, penetration resistance, stable water isotope, salinity and microcomputer tomography samples. Most snowpit sites were visited and measured weekly to capture the temporal evolution of the physical properties of snow. The compiled dataset includes 576 snowpits and describes snow conditions during the MOSAiC expedition.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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