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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial coupling of nitrogen inputs and losses in the ocean (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 445 (2007), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nitrogen fixation is crucial for maintaining biological productivity in the oceans, because it replaces the biologically available nitrogen that is lost through denitrification. But, owing to its temporal and spatial variability, the global distribution of marine nitrogen fixation is difficult to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05392
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 437 (2005), S. 681-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Today's surface ocean is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, but increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are reducing ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations, and thus the level of calcium carbonate saturation. Experimental evidence suggests that if these trends ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04095
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A short-term sink for atmospheric CO 2 in subtropical mode water of the North Atlantic Ocean (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 420 (2002), S. 489-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Large-scale features of ocean circulation, such as deep water formation in the northern North Atlantic Ocean, are known to regulate the long-term physical uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere by moving CO2-laden surface waters into the deep ocean. But the importance of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01253
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oceanography A bigger nitrogen fix (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 436 (2005), S. 786-787 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Next to light, nitrogen is the main factor that limits the biological productivity of primary producers in the sea. All photosynthetic organisms need nitrogen to grow, yet most cannot use it in its simplest form, molecular N2. But biologically useful, ‘fixed’ forms of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/436786a
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  • 5
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    The MAREDAT global database of high performance liquid chromatography marine pigment measurements - Gridded data product (NetCDF) - Contribution to the MAREDAT World Ocean Atlas of Plankton Functional Types (2013)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-27
    Keywords: MAREMIP; MARine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 8.5 MBytes
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  • 6
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    Physical oceanography during two METEOR cruises in the subpolar North Atlantic (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Stendardo, Ilaria; Kieke, Dagmar; Rhein, Monika; Gruber, Nicolas; Steinfeldt, Reiner (2015): Interannual to decadal oxygen variability in the mid-depth water masses of the eastern North Atlantic. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 95, 85-98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.10.009
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: The detection of multi-decadal trends in the oceanic oxygen content and its possible attribution to global warming is protracted by the presence of a substantial amount of interannual to decadal variability, which hitherto is poorly known and characterized. Here we address this gap by studying interannual to decadal changes of the oxygen concentration in the Subpolar Mode Water (SPMW), the Intermediate Water (IW) and the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) in the eastern North Atlantic. We use data from a hydrographic section located in the eastern North Atlantic at about 48°N repeated 12 times over a period of 19 years from 1993 through 2011, with a nearly annual resolution up to 2005. Despite a substantial amount of year-to-year variability, we observe a long-term decrease in the oxygen concentration of all three water masses, with the largest changes occurring from 1993 to 2002. During that time period, the trends were mainly caused by a contraction of the subpolar gyre associated with a northwestward shift of the Subpolar Front (SPF) in the eastern North Atlantic. This caused SPMW to be ventilated at lighter densities and its original density range being invaded by subtropical waters with substantially lower oxygen concentrations. The contraction of the subpolar gyre reduced also the penetration of IW of subpolar origin into the region in favor of an increased northward transport of IW of subtropical origin, which is also lower in oxygen. The long-term oxygen changes in the MOW were mainly affected by the interplay between circulation and solubility changes. Besides the long-term signals, mesoscale variability leaves a substantial imprint as well, affecting the water column over at least the upper 1000 m and laterally by more than 400 km. Mesoscale eddies induced changes in the oxygen concentration of a magnitude that can substantially alias analyses of long-term changes based on repeat hydrographic data that are being collected at intervals of typically 10 years.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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  • 7
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    On the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and the role of the biological carbon pump in the 21st century, links to supplementary material (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Hauck, Judith; Völker, Christoph; Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter A; Laufkötter, Charlotte; Vogt, Meike; Aumont, Olivier; Bopp, Laurent; Buitenhuis, Erik Theodoor; Doney, Scott C; Dunne, John; Gruber, Nicolas; Hashioka, Taketo; John, Jasmin; Le Quéré, Corinne; Lima, Ivan D; Nakano, Hideyuki; Séférian, Roland; Totterdell, Ian J (2015): On the Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and the role of the biological carbon pump in the 21st century. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 29(9), 1451-1470, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005140
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: We use a suite of eight ocean biogeochemical/ecological general circulation models from the MAREMIP and CMIP5 archives to explore the relative roles of changes in winds (positive trend of Southern Annular Mode, SAM) and in warming- and freshening-driven trends of upper ocean stratification in altering export production and CO2 uptake in the Southern Ocean at the end of the 21st century. The investigated models simulate a broad range of responses to climate change, with no agreement ona dominance of either the SAM or the warming signal south of 44° S. In the southernmost zone, i.e., south of 58° S, they concur on an increase of biological export production, while between 44 and 58° S the models lack consensus on the sign of change in export. Yet, in both regions, the models show an enhanced CO2 uptake during spring and summer. This is due to a larger CO 2 (aq) drawdown by the same amount of summer export production at a higher Revelle factor at the end of the 21st century. This strongly increases the importance of the biological carbon pump in the entire Southern Ocean. In the temperate zone, between 30 and 44° S all models show a predominance of the warming signal and a nutrient-driven reduction of export production. As a consequence, the share of the regions south of 44° S to the total uptake of the Southern Ocean south of 30° S is projected to increase at the end of the 21st century from 47 to 66% with a commensurable decrease to the north. Despite this major reorganization of the meridional distribution of the major regions of uptake, the total uptake increases largely in line with the rising atmospheric CO2. Simulations with the MITgcm-REcoM2 model show that this is mostly driven by the strong increase of atmospheric CO2, with the climate-driven changes of natural CO2 exchange offsetting that trend only to a limited degree (~10%) and with negligible impact of climate effects on anthropogenic CO2 uptake when integrated over a full annual cycle south of 30° S.
    Keywords: File content; Uniform resource locator/link to file; Uniform resource locator/link to image
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 27 data points
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  • 8
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    A global seasonal surface ocean climatology of phytoplankton types based on CHEMTAX analysis of HPLC pigments (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Swan, Chantal; Vogt, Meike; Gruber, Nicolas; Laufkoetter, Charlotte (2015): A global seasonal surface ocean climatology of phytoplankton types based on CHEMTAX analysis of HPLC pigments. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.12.002
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Description: Much advancement has been made in recent years in field data assimilation, remote sensing and ecosystem modeling, yet our global view of phytoplankton biogeography beyond chlorophyll biomass is still a cursory taxonomic picture with vast areas of the open ocean requiring field validations. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigment data combined with inverse methods offer an advantage over many other phytoplankton quantification measures by way of providing an immediate perspective of the whole phytoplankton community in a sample as a function of chlorophyll biomass. Historically, such chemotaxonomic analysis has been conducted mainly at local spatial and temporal scales in the ocean. Here, we apply a widely tested inverse approach, CHEMTAX, to a global climatology of pigment observations from HPLC. This study marks the first systematic and objective global application of CHEMTAX, yielding a seasonal climatology comprised of ~1500 1°x1° global grid points of the major phytoplankton pigment types in the ocean characterizing cyanobacteria, haptophytes, chlorophytes, cryptophytes, dinoflagellates, and diatoms, with results validated against prior regional studies where possible. Key findings from this new global view of specific phytoplankton abundances from pigments are a) the large global proportion of marine haptophytes (comprising 32 ± 5% of total chlorophyll), whose biogeochemical functional roles are relatively unknown, and b) the contrasting spatial scales of complexity in global community structure that can be explained in part by regional oceanographic conditions. These publicly accessible results will guide future parameterizations of marine ecosystem models exploring the link between phytoplankton community structure and marine biogeochemical cycles.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 131.7 kBytes
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  • 9
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    Modelled niche centres and niche breadths of open ocean phytoplankton taxa
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Brun, Philipp; Vogt, Meike; Payne, Mark R; Gruber, Nicolas; O'Brien, Colleen J; Buitenhuis, Erik Theodoor; Le Quéré, Corinne; Leblanc, Karine; Luo, Ya-Wei (2015): Ecological niches of open ocean phytoplankton taxa. Limnology and Oceanography, 60(3), 1020-1038, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10074
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Description: This data contains realized ecological niche estimates of phytoplankton taxa within the mixed layer of the open ocean. The estimates are based on data from the MARine Ecosystem DATa (MAREDAT) initiative, and cover five phytoplankton functional types: coccolithophores (40 species), diatoms (87 species), diazotrophs (two genera), Phaeocystis (two species) and picophytoplankton (two genera). Considered as major niche dimensions were temperature (°C), mixed layer depth (MLD; m), nitrate concentration (µmoles/L), mean photosynthetically active radiation in the mixed layer (MLPAR; µmoles/m**2/s), salinity, and the excess of phosphate versus nitrate relative to the Redfield ratio (P*; µmoles/L). For each niche dimension at a time, conditions at presence locations of the taxa were contrasted with conditions in 12 000 randomly sampled points from the open ocean using MaxEnt models. We used the quartiles of the response curves of these models to parameterize realized niche centers and niche breadths: the median (q50) of the response curves was considered to be the niche center and the distance between the lower quartile (q25) and the upper quartile (q75) was used as a rough estimate of niche breadth. We only reported meaningful niche estimates, i.e., estimates based on MaxEnt models that perform significantly better than random, as indicated by an area under the curve (AUC) score significantly larger than 0.5.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 14.2 kBytes
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  • 10
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    (Table 1) N-isotope record of planktonc foraminifera of sediment core MD02-2550C2 (2011)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Meckler, Anna Nele; Ren, Haojia Abby; Sigman, Daniel M; Gruber, Nicolas; Plessen, Birgit; Schubert, Carsten J; Haug, Gerald H (2011): Deglacial nitrogen isotope changes in the Gulf of Mexico: Evidence from bulk sedimentary and foraminifera-bound nitrogen in Orca Basin sediments. Paleoceanography, 26(4), PA4216, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011PA002156
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Constraining variations in marine N2-fixation over glacial-interglacial timescales is crucial for determining the role of the marine nitrogen cycle in modifying ocean productivity and climate, yet paleo-records from N2-fixation regions are sparse. Here we present new nitrogen isotope (d15N) records of bulk sediment and foraminifera test-bound (FB) nitrogen extending back to the last ice age from the oligotrophic Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Previous studies indicate a substantial terrestrial input during the last ice age and early deglacial, for which we attempt to correct the bulk sediment d15N using its observed relationship with the C/N ratio. Both corrected bulk and FB-d15N reveal a substantial glacial-to-Holocene decrease of d15N toward Holocene values of around 2.5 per mil, similar to observations from the Caribbean. This d15N change is most likely due to a glacial-to-Holocene increase in regional N2-fixation. A deglacial peak in the FB-d15N of thermocline dwelling foraminifera Orbulina universa probably reflects a whole ocean increase in the d15N of nitrate during deglaciation. The d15N of the surface dwelling foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber and the corrected bulk d15N show little sign of this deglacial peak, both decreasing from last glacial values much earlier than does the d15N of O. universa; this may indicate that G. ruber and bulk N reflect the euphotic zone signal of an early local increase in N2-fixation. Our results add to the evidence that, during the last ice age, the larger iron input from dust did not lead to enhanced N2-fixation in this region. Rather, the glacial-to-Holocene decrease in d15N is best explained by a response of N2-fixation within the Atlantic to the deglacial increase in global ocean denitrification.
    Keywords: AGE; Calypso Square Core System; CASQS; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Foraminifera, planktic δ15N; Foraminifera, planktic δ15N, standard error; Globigerinoides ruber, δ15N; Globigerinoides ruber, δ15N, standard error; IMAGES IX - PAGE; Marion Dufresne (1995); MD022550C2; MD02-2550C2; MD127; Number of measurements; Number of subsamples; Orbulina universa, δ15N; Orbulina universa, δ15N, standard error; Orca Basin
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 107 data points
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