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  • *Ecosystem  (104)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (104)
  • Copernicus
  • 2010-2014  (104)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
  • 2011  (104)
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  • 2010-2014  (104)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence on nature. Although such losses are widely viewed as an ethical and aesthetic problem, recent research reveals extensive cascading effects of their disappearance in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. This empirical work supports long-standing theory about the role of top-down forcing in ecosystems but also highlights the unanticipated impacts of trophic cascades on processes as diverse as the dynamics of disease, wildfire, carbon sequestration, invasive species, and biogeochemical cycles. These findings emphasize the urgent need for interdisciplinary research to forecast the effects of trophic downgrading on process, function, and resilience in global ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Estes, James A -- Terborgh, John -- Brashares, Justin S -- Power, Mary E -- Berger, Joel -- Bond, William J -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- Essington, Timothy E -- Holt, Robert D -- Jackson, Jeremy B C -- Marquis, Robert J -- Oksanen, Lauri -- Oksanen, Tarja -- Paine, Robert T -- Pikitch, Ellen K -- Ripple, William J -- Sandin, Stuart A -- Scheffer, Marten -- Schoener, Thomas W -- Shurin, Jonathan B -- Sinclair, Anthony R E -- Soule, Michael E -- Virtanen, Risto -- Wardle, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):301-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1205106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. jestes@ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Feeding Behavior ; *Food Chain ; Humans ; Introduced Species ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebert, Dieter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):539-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1202092.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universitat Basel, Zoological Institute, Vesalgasse 1, 4059 Basel, Switzerland. dieter.ebert@unibas.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Daphnia/*genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Duplication ; *Genome ; Phenotype
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1210-1. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6047.1210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/growth & development ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; *Fresh Water/chemistry/microbiology ; *Harmful Algal Bloom ; Microcystis/*growth & development ; Potamogetonaceae/growth & development ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity ; Water Pollution/economics/*prevention & control ; Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1209. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6047.1209.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actinobacteria/*isolation & purification ; *Archaea/isolation & purification/physiology ; Bacteroidetes/*isolation & purification ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Hot Springs/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):817. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6044.817.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China/epidemiology ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; *Environment ; Humans ; *Rivers ; Schistosomiasis/epidemiology/transmission ; Snails ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: Climate change challenges organisms to adapt or move to track changes in environments in space and time. We used two measures of thermal shifts from analyses of global temperatures over the past 50 years to describe the pace of climate change that species should track: the velocity of climate change (geographic shifts of isotherms over time) and the shift in seasonal timing of temperatures. Both measures are higher in the ocean than on land at some latitudes, despite slower ocean warming. These indices give a complex mosaic of predicted range shifts and phenology changes that deviate from simple poleward migration and earlier springs or later falls. They also emphasize potential conservation concerns, because areas of high marine biodiversity often have greater velocities of climate change and seasonal shifts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burrows, Michael T -- Schoeman, David S -- Buckley, Lauren B -- Moore, Pippa -- Poloczanska, Elvira S -- Brander, Keith M -- Brown, Chris -- Bruno, John F -- Duarte, Carlos M -- Halpern, Benjamin S -- Holding, Johnna -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Kiessling, Wolfgang -- O'Connor, Mary I -- Pandolfi, John M -- Parmesan, Camille -- Schwing, Franklin B -- Sydeman, William J -- Richardson, Anthony J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):652-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1210288.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK. michael.burrows@sams.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reardon, Sara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):292. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6027.292.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*metabolism/*radiation effects ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Japan ; Pacific Ocean ; Phytoplankton/metabolism/radiation effects ; Radiation Dosage ; *Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics/toxicity ; Seaweed/metabolism/radiation effects ; *Water Pollutants, Radioactive/pharmacokinetics/toxicity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer, Joern -- Batary, Peter -- Bawa, Kamaljit S -- Brussaard, Lijbert -- Chappell, M Jahi -- Clough, Yann -- Daily, Gretchen C -- Dorrough, Josh -- Hartel, Tibor -- Jackson, Louise E -- Klein, Alexandra M -- Kremen, Claire -- Kuemmerle, Tobias -- Lindenmayer, David B -- Mooney, Harold A -- Perfecto, Ivette -- Philpott, Stacy M -- Tscharntke, Teja -- Vandermeer, John -- Wanger, Thomas Cherico -- Von Wehrden, Henrik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):593; author reply 594-5. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6056.593-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; *Food
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: Estimates suggest that only one-tenth of the true fungal diversity has been described. Among numerous fungal lineages known only from environmental DNA sequences, Soil Clone Group 1 is the most ubiquitous. These globally distributed fungi may dominate below-ground fungal communities, but their placement in the fungal tree of life has been uncertain. Here, we report cultures of this group and describe the class, Archaeorhizomycetes, phylogenetically placed within subphylum Taphrinomycotina in the Ascomycota. Archaeorhizomycetes comprises hundreds of cryptically reproducing filamentous species that do not form recognizable mycorrhizal structures and have saprotrophic potential, yet are omnipresent in roots and rhizosphere soil and show ecosystem and host root habitat specificity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosling, Anna -- Cox, Filipa -- Cruz-Martinez, Karelyn -- Ihrmark, Katarina -- Grelet, Gwen-Aelle -- Lindahl, Bjorn D -- Menkis, Audrius -- James, Timothy Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):876-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1206958.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Uppsala BioCentre, SLU, Box 7026, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. anna.rosling@slu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21836015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ascomycota/classification/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification ; Coniferophyta/microbiology ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, rRNA ; Meristem/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mycorrhizae/classification/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Rhizosphere ; *Soil Microbiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, Brendan -- Naidoo, Robin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 15;333(6040):287; author reply 287-8. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6040.287-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*economics ; Animals ; *Chiroptera ; Crops, Agricultural/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; Pest Control, Biological/*economics ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moore, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):936. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6045.936-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2011-04-30
    Description: Catastrophic ecological regime shifts may be announced in advance by statistical early warning signals such as slowing return rates from perturbation and rising variance. The theoretical background for these indicators is rich, but real-world tests are rare, especially for whole ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that these statistics would be early warning signals for an experimentally induced regime shift in an aquatic food web. We gradually added top predators to a lake over 3 years to destabilize its food web. An adjacent lake was monitored simultaneously as a reference ecosystem. Warning signals of a regime shift were evident in the manipulated lake during reorganization of the food web more than a year before the food web transition was complete, corroborating theory for leading indicators of ecological regime shifts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carpenter, S R -- Cole, J J -- Pace, M L -- Batt, R -- Brock, W A -- Cline, T -- Coloso, J -- Hodgson, J R -- Kitchell, J F -- Seekell, D A -- Smith, L -- Weidel, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1079-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1203672. Epub 2011 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. srcarpen@wisc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bass ; Biomass ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Food Chain ; *Fresh Water/chemistry ; Models, Biological ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; *Phytoplankton ; Population Dynamics ; *Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2011-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hulme, Mike -- Mahony, Martin -- Beck, Silke -- Gorg, Christoph -- Hansjurgens, Bernd -- Hauck, Jennifer -- Nesshover, Carsten -- Paulsch, Axel -- Vandewalle, Marie -- Wittmer, Heidi -- Boschen, Stefan -- Bridgewater, Peter -- Diaw, Mariteuw Chimere -- Fabre, Pierre -- Figueroa, Aurelia -- Heong, Kong Luen -- Korn, Horst -- Leemans, Rik -- Lovbrand, Eva -- Hamid, Mohd Norowi -- Monfreda, Chad -- Pielke, Roger Jr -- Settele, Josef -- Winter, Marten -- Vadrot, Alice B M -- van den Hove, Sybille -- van der Sluijs, Jeroen P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):697-8. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6043.697.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21817033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Policy ; Policy Making
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flueck, Werner T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1092-3. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6046.1092-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Entropy ; *Food Chain ; Photosynthesis ; Predatory Behavior ; Temperature
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2011-12-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jepson, Paul -- Jennings, Steve -- Jones, Kate E -- Hodgetts, Timothy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1351-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1213189.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK. paul.jepson@ouce.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; International Cooperation ; Motion Pictures as Topic/*economics ; Organizations, Nonprofit ; Policy ; Television/*economics
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Zhao and Running (Reports, 20 August 2010, p. 940) reported a reduction in global terrestrial net primary production (NPP) from 2000 through 2009. We argue that the small trends, regional patterns, and interannual variations that they describe are artifacts of their NPP model. Satellite observations of vegetation activity show no statistically significant changes in more than 85% of the vegetated lands south of 70 degrees N during the same 2000 to 2009 period.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samanta, Arindam -- Costa, Marcos H -- Nunes, Edson L -- Vieira, Simone A -- Xu, Liang -- Myneni, Ranga B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1093; author reply 1093. doi: 10.1126/science.1199048.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. arindam.sam@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biomass ; *Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; Photosynthesis ; Plants/*metabolism ; South America
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pala, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 21;334(6054):303. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6054.303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22021832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Fresh Water ; Kazakhstan ; Oceans and Seas ; Salinity
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: Many physiological responses in present-day coral reefs to climate change are interpreted as consistent with the imminent disappearance of modern reefs globally because of annual mass bleaching events, carbonate dissolution, and insufficient time for substantial evolutionary responses. Emerging evidence for variability in the coral calcification response to acidification, geographical variation in bleaching susceptibility and recovery, responses to past climate change, and potential rates of adaptation to rapid warming supports an alternative scenario in which reef degradation occurs with greater temporal and spatial heterogeneity than current projections suggest. Reducing uncertainty in projecting coral reef futures requires improved understanding of past responses to rapid climate change; physiological responses to interacting factors, such as temperature, acidification, and nutrients; and the costs and constraints imposed by acclimation and adaptation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pandolfi, John M -- Connolly, Sean R -- Marshall, Dustin J -- Cohen, Anne L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):418-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1204794.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. j.pandolfi@uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Forecasting ; *Global Warming ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Symbiosis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Godfray, H Charles J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1231-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1211815.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Oxford Martin School Institute of Biodiversity, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. charles.godfray@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; *Food ; Ghana ; India ; Population Density ; Trees
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: Reductions in bird numbers could hamper ecosystem services such as pollination, but experimental proof is lacking. We show that functional extinction of bird pollinators has reduced pollination, seed production, and plant density in the shrub Rhabdothamnus solandri (Gesneriaceae) on the North Island ("mainland") of New Zealand but not on three nearby island bird sanctuaries where birds remain abundant. Pollen limitation of fruit set is strong [pollen limitation index (PLI) = 0.69] and significant on the mainland but small (PLI = 0.15) and nonsignificant on islands. Seed production per flower on the mainland is reduced 84%. Mainland sites have similar adult densities, but 55% fewer juvenile plants per adult, than island sites. Seed addition experiments near adult R. solandri plants on the mainland found strong seed limitation 5 years after sowing for R. solandri but not for two other co-occurring woody species. This demonstrates a terrestrial trophic cascade.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Sandra H -- Kelly, Dave -- Ladley, Jenny J -- Molloy, Sue -- Terry, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1068-71. doi: 10.1126/science.1199092. Epub 2011 Feb 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/growth & development/*physiology ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Flowers ; Fruit/growth & development ; New Zealand ; *Passeriformes ; *Pollination ; Population Dynamics ; Seed Dispersal ; Seeds ; Trees
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: Savannas worldwide are vital for both socioeconomic and biodiversity values. In these ecosystems, management decisions are based on the perception that wildlife and livestock compete for food, yet there are virtually no experimental data to support this assumption. We examined the effects of wild African ungulates on cattle performance, food intake, and diet quality. Wild ungulates depressed cattle food intake and performance during the dry season (competition) but enhanced cattle diet quality and performance during the wet season (facilitation). These results extend our understanding of the context-dependent-competition-facilitation balance, in general, and are critical for better understanding and managing wildlife-livestock coexistence in human-occupied savanna landscapes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Odadi, Wilfred O -- Karachi, Moses K -- Abdulrazak, Shaukat A -- Young, Truman P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1753-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1208468.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mpala Research Centre, Post Office Box 555, Nanyuki 10400, Kenya. woodadi@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Body Size ; Body Weight ; *Cattle/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Diet ; *Ecosystem ; Elephants/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Equidae/physiology ; *Feeding Behavior ; Food Chain ; Kenya ; Poaceae ; Ruminants/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Seasons
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ohlemuller, Ralf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):613-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1214215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, and Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience (IHRR), Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK. ralf.ohlemuller@durham.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmidt, Charles -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):812-3. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6044.812.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Ice Cover ; Oceans and Seas ; *Petroleum ; United States ; Water Movements
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2011-04-30
    Description: Using a regionally calibrated model, Sinervo et al. (Reports, 14 May 2010, p. 894) predicted potential climate change impacts on lizard populations and estimated that many extinctions are under way. We argue that this model is not sufficient for predicting global losses in lizard species in response to anthropogenic climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clusella-Trullas, Susana -- Chown, Steven L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 29;332(6029):537; author reply 537. doi: 10.1126/science.1195193.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa. sct333@sun.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Forecasting ; *Lizards ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Temperature
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):811. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6044.811.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835991" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; *Fisheries ; *Oncorhynchus mykiss ; *Rivers ; *Salmon ; United States ; Water Movements
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2011-01-08
    Description: Inland waters (lakes, reservoirs, streams, and rivers) are often substantial methane (CH(4)) sources in the terrestrial landscape. They are, however, not yet well integrated in global greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets. Data from 474 freshwater ecosystems and the most recent global water area estimates indicate that freshwaters emit at least 103 teragrams of CH(4) year(-1), corresponding to 0.65 petagrams of C as carbon dioxide (CO(2)) equivalents year(-1), offsetting 25% of the estimated land carbon sink. Thus, the continental GHG sink may be considerably overestimated, and freshwaters need to be recognized as important in the global carbon cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bastviken, David -- Tranvik, Lars J -- Downing, John A -- Crill, Patrick M -- Enrich-Prast, Alex -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 7;331(6013):50. doi: 10.1126/science.1196808.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Thematic Studies-Water and Environmental Studies, Linkoping University, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. david.bastviken@liu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212349" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Carbon Sequestration ; *Ecosystem ; *Fresh Water/chemistry ; *Methane/metabolism ; Plant Development ; Plants/metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marques, Antonio Carlos -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):936. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6045.936-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Invertebrates ; Population Dynamics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: A 7000-year record of Coccolithovirus and its host, the calcifying haptophyte Emiliania huxleyi, was reconstructed on the basis of genetic signatures preserved in sediments underlying the Black Sea. The data show that the same virus and host populations can persist for centuries. Major changes in virus and host populations occurred during early sapropel deposition, ~5600 years ago, and throughout the formation of the coccolith-bearing sediments of Unit I during the past 2500 years, when the Black Sea experienced dramatic changes in hydrologic and nutrient regimes. Unit I saw a reoccurrence of the same host genotype thousands of years later in the presence of a different subset of viruses. Historical plankton virus populations can thus be included in paleoecological and paleoenvironmental studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coolen, Marco J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):451-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1200072.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. mcoolen@whoi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Black Sea ; Capsid Proteins/genetics ; DNA, Viral/classification/genetics ; Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ; *Ecosystem ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; *Genes, Viral ; Genotype ; *Geologic Sediments ; *Haptophyta/classification/genetics/virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoglycerate Mutase/genetics ; *Phycodnaviridae/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2011-04-09
    Description: Erba et al. (Reports, 23 July 2010, p. 428) attributed calcareous nannofossil morphology and assemblage changes across Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a to the effects of surface ocean acidification. We argue that the quality of carbonate preservation in these sequences, the unsupported assumptions of the biotic response to acidity, and the absence of independent proxy estimates for ocean pH or atmospheric pCO(2) render this conclusion questionable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbs, Samantha J -- Robinson, Stuart A -- Bown, Paul R -- Jones, Tom Dunkley -- Henderiks, Jorijntje -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 8;332(6026):175; author reply 175. doi: 10.1126/science.1199459.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK. sxg@noc.soton.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21474738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Atmosphere ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/analysis/*chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen ; *Plankton/cytology/physiology ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Time
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibson, Luke -- Sodhi, Navjot S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 4;331(6021):1137. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6021.1137-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Climate Change ; *Coral Reefs ; *Ecosystem ; Fires ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Thailand ; *Trees
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-03-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vince, Gaia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 18;331(6023):1383-4. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6023.1383.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; Geography ; *Introduced Species ; Plants ; Trees
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):163-4. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6053.163.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Pollution ; *Environmental Restoration and Remediation/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Financing, Government ; Louisiana ; *Petroleum ; United States ; *Wetlands
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sekercioglu, Cagan H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1019-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1202389.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84105, USA. c.s@utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350157" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/growth & development/*physiology ; Animals ; *Birds ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; New Zealand ; *Pollination ; Population Dynamics ; Seed Dispersal ; Seeds
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: The terrestrial carbon sink has been large in recent decades, but its size and location remain uncertain. Using forest inventory data and long-term ecosystem carbon studies, we estimate a total forest sink of 2.4 +/- 0.4 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year(-1)) globally for 1990 to 2007. We also estimate a source of 1.3 +/- 0.7 Pg C year(-1) from tropical land-use change, consisting of a gross tropical deforestation emission of 2.9 +/- 0.5 Pg C year(-1) partially compensated by a carbon sink in tropical forest regrowth of 1.6 +/- 0.5 Pg C year(-1). Together, the fluxes comprise a net global forest sink of 1.1 +/- 0.8 Pg C year(-1), with tropical estimates having the largest uncertainties. Our total forest sink estimate is equivalent in magnitude to the terrestrial sink deduced from fossil fuel emissions and land-use change sources minus ocean and atmospheric sinks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pan, Yude -- Birdsey, Richard A -- Fang, Jingyun -- Houghton, Richard -- Kauppi, Pekka E -- Kurz, Werner A -- Phillips, Oliver L -- Shvidenko, Anatoly -- Lewis, Simon L -- Canadell, Josep G -- Ciais, Philippe -- Jackson, Robert B -- Pacala, Stephen W -- McGuire, A David -- Piao, Shilong -- Rautiainen, Aapo -- Sitch, Stephen -- Hayes, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):988-93. doi: 10.1126/science.1201609. Epub 2011 Jul 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA. ypan@fs.fed.us〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biomass ; Carbon/analysis ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; *Carbon Sequestration ; Climate Change ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2011-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):686. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6043.686.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21817026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Data Collection ; *Ecosystem ; Foundations ; Oceans and Seas ; Research Support as Topic ; *Seawater
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernal, Patricio A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):305. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6027.305-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Oceans and Seas ; *United Nations
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2011-07-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kettle, Chris J -- Burslem, David F R P -- Ghazoul, Jaboury -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 1;333(6038):36; author reply 36-7. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6038.36-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Specimen Banks ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Seeds/physiology ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-04-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grumbine, R Edward -- Xu, Jianchu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 8;332(6026):178-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1200990.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China. ed.grumbine@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21474740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Cambodia ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources/economics ; *Environment ; Fisheries/economics ; Humans ; Laos ; Politics ; *Rivers ; Water Movements
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayer, Audrey L -- Khalyani, Azad Henareh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):188-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1213908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA. almayer@mtu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guerrier, Gilles -- Paul, Richard -- Sananikhom, Pany -- Kaul, Surinder -- Luthi, Ruedi -- Katz, Jean-Pierre -- Robino, Michel -- Khammanithong, Phasouk -- Brey, Paul T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 7;334(6052):38. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6052.38-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Electricity ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; *Fisheries ; *Food Supply ; *Rivers
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2011-11-19
    Description: The end-Permian mass extinction was the most severe biodiversity crisis in Earth history. To better constrain the timing, and ultimately the causes of this event, we collected a suite of geochronologic, isotopic, and biostratigraphic data on several well-preserved sedimentary sections in South China. High-precision U-Pb dating reveals that the extinction peak occurred just before 252.28 +/- 0.08 million years ago, after a decline of 2 per mil ( per thousand) in delta(13)C over 90,000 years, and coincided with a delta(13)C excursion of -5 per thousand that is estimated to have lasted 〈/=20,000 years. The extinction interval was less than 200,000 years and synchronous in marine and terrestrial realms; associated charcoal-rich and soot-bearing layers indicate widespread wildfires on land. A massive release of thermogenic carbon dioxide and/or methane may have caused the catastrophic extinction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, Shu-zhong -- Crowley, James L -- Wang, Yue -- Bowring, Samuel A -- Erwin, Douglas H -- Sadler, Peter M -- Cao, Chang-qun -- Rothman, Daniel H -- Henderson, Charles M -- Ramezani, Jahandar -- Zhang, Hua -- Shen, Yanan -- Wang, Xiang-dong -- Wang, Wei -- Mu, Lin -- Li, Wen-zhong -- Tang, Yue-gang -- Liu, Xiao-lei -- Liu, Lu-jun -- Zeng, Yong -- Jiang, Yao-fa -- Jin, Yu-gan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1367-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1213454. Epub 2011 Nov 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Nanjing 210008, China. szshen@nigpas.ac.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carbon Isotopes ; China ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Fires ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Invertebrates/classification ; Isotopes ; Lead ; Mass Spectrometry ; Methane ; Oceans and Seas ; Plants/classification ; Radioisotope Dilution Technique ; Radiometric Dating ; Seawater/chemistry ; Time ; Uranium ; Vertebrates/classification
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2011-01-22
    Description: Uphill shifts of species' distributions in response to historical warming are well documented, which leads to widespread expectations of continued uphill shifts under future warming. Conversely, downhill shifts are often considered anomalous and unrelated to climate change. By comparing the altitudinal distributions of 64 plant species between the 1930s and the present day within California, we show that climate changes have resulted in a significant downward shift in species' optimum elevations. This downhill shift is counter to what would be expected given 20th-century warming but is readily explained by species' niche tracking of regional changes in climatic water balance rather than temperature. Similar downhill shifts can be expected to occur where future climate change scenarios project increases in water availability that outpace evaporative demand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crimmins, Shawn M -- Dobrowski, Solomon Z -- Greenberg, Jonathan A -- Abatzoglou, John T -- Mynsberge, Alison R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 21;331(6015):324-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1199040.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21252344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; California ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Plant Development ; *Plants ; Temperature ; *Water
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willig, Michael R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1709-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1212453.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4210, USA. michael.willig@uconn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Biomass ; Biota ; *Ecosystem ; Plant Development ; Plant Physiological Processes ; *Plants
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: The metabolic theory of ecology uses the scaling of metabolism with body size and temperature to explain the causes and consequences of species abundance. However, the theory and its empirical tests have never simultaneously examined parasites alongside free-living species. This is unfortunate because parasites represent at least half of species diversity. We show that metabolic scaling theory could not account for the abundance of parasitic or free-living species in three estuarine food webs until accounting for trophic dynamics. Analyses then revealed that the abundance of all species uniformly scaled with body mass to the -¾ power. This result indicates "production equivalence," where biomass production within trophic levels is invariant of body size across all species and functional groups: invertebrate or vertebrate, ectothermic or endothermic, and free-living or parasitic.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3236646/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3236646/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hechinger, Ryan F -- Lafferty, Kevin D -- Dobson, Andy P -- Brown, James H -- Kuris, Armand M -- P20 RR018754/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P20 RR018754-07/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):445-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1204337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Science Institute and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. hechinger@lifesci.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778398" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Birds/metabolism/physiology ; *Body Size ; Body Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy Metabolism ; Fishes/metabolism/physiology ; Food Chain ; Invertebrates/metabolism/*physiology ; Linear Models ; Parasites/metabolism/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Regression Analysis ; Vertebrates/metabolism/*physiology
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rabinowitz, Alan -- Luke, Hunter -- Smith, Joseph -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 30;333(6051):1824. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6051.1824-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21960609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Tigers
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: Theoretically, fire-tree cover feedbacks can maintain savanna and forest as alternative stable states. However, the global extent of fire-driven discontinuities in tree cover is unknown, especially accounting for seasonality and soils. We use tree cover, climate, fire, and soils data sets to show that tree cover is globally discontinuous. Climate influences tree cover globally but, at intermediate rainfall (1000 to 2500 millimeters) with mild seasonality (less than 7 months), tree cover is bimodal, and only fire differentiates between savanna and forest. These may be alternative states over large areas, including parts of Amazonia and the Congo. Changes in biome distributions, whether at the cost of savanna (due to fragmentation) or forest (due to climate), will be neither smooth nor easily reversible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Staver, A Carla -- Archibald, Sally -- Levin, Simon A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):230-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1210465.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. astaver@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Australia ; *Ecosystem ; Fires ; Geography ; Rain ; Seasons ; Soil ; South America ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: Crimmins et al. (Reports, 21 January 2011, p. 324) attributed an apparent downward elevational shift of California plant species to a precipitation-induced decline in climatic water deficit. We show that the authors miscalculated deficit, that the apparent decline in species' elevations is likely a consequence of geographic biases, and that unlike temperature changes, precipitation changes should not be expected to cause coordinated directional shifts in species' elevations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephenson, Nathan L -- Das, Adrian J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):177; author reply 177. doi: 10.1126/science.1205740.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, CA 93271, USA. nstephenson@usgs.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants ; *Water
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: Low-trophic level species account for more than 30% of global fisheries production and contribute substantially to global food security. We used a range of ecosystem models to explore the effects of fishing low-trophic level species on marine ecosystems, including marine mammals and seabirds, and on other commercially important species. In five well-studied ecosystems, we found that fishing these species at conventional maximum sustainable yield (MSY) levels can have large impacts on other parts of the ecosystem, particularly when they constitute a high proportion of the biomass in the ecosystem or are highly connected in the food web. Halving exploitation rates would result in much lower impacts on marine ecosystems while still achieving 80% of MSY.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Anthony D M -- Brown, Christopher J -- Bulman, Catherine M -- Fulton, Elizabeth A -- Johnson, Penny -- Kaplan, Isaac C -- Lozano-Montes, Hector -- Mackinson, Steven -- Marzloff, Martin -- Shannon, Lynne J -- Shin, Yunne-Jai -- Tam, Jorge -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1147-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1209395. Epub 2011 Jul 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia. tony.d.smith@csiro.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Birds ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Food Chain ; Mammals ; Models, Biological ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-11-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boettcher, Paul J -- Hoffmann, Irene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1058. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6059.1058-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Cattle ; *Ecosystem ; *Feeding Behavior ; Humans
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Briggs, Sue V -- Knight, Andrew T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):696-7. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6043.696-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21817031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Policy ; Policy Making
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lambertini, Marco -- Leape, Jim -- Marton-Lefevre, Julia -- Mittermeier, Russell A -- Rose, Mark -- Robinson, John G -- Stuart, Simon N -- Waldman, Bill -- Genovesi, Piero -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):404-5. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6041.404-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-06-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 3;332(6034):1139. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6034.1139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21636753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Biodiversity ; Cities ; *Ecosystem ; Great Britain ; Policy ; Recreation ; Trees
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brookes, Justin D -- Carey, Cayelan C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 7;334(6052):46-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1207349.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia. justin.brookes@adelaide.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Climate Change ; Cyanobacteria/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; *Eutrophication ; Fresh Water/*microbiology ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Phytoplankton/growth & development ; Temperature ; *Water Microbiology
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayashi, Kiyotada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):593-4; author reply 594-5. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6056.593-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; *Food
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faith, Daniel P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1744-5; author reply 1745. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6012.1744-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21205650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2011-11-26
    Description: Diverse bilaterian clades emerged apparently within a few million years during the early Cambrian, and various environmental, developmental, and ecological causes have been proposed to explain this abrupt appearance. A compilation of the patterns of fossil and molecular diversification, comparative developmental data, and information on ecological feeding strategies indicate that the major animal clades diverged many tens of millions of years before their first appearance in the fossil record, demonstrating a macroevolutionary lag between the establishment of their developmental toolkits during the Cryogenian [(850 to 635 million years ago (Ma)], and the later ecological success of metazoans during the Ediacaran (635 to 541 Ma) and Cambrian (541 to 488 Ma) periods. We argue that this diversification involved new forms of developmental regulation, as well as innovations in networks of ecological interaction within the context of permissive environmental circumstances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Erwin, Douglas H -- Laflamme, Marc -- Tweedt, Sarah M -- Sperling, Erik A -- Pisani, Davide -- Peterson, Kevin J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1091-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1206375.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. erwind@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Evolution, Molecular ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Developmental ; *Genetic Speciation ; *Phylogeny ; Time
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: For more than 30 years, the relationship between net primary productivity and species richness has generated intense debate in ecology about the processes regulating local diversity. The original view, which is still widely accepted, holds that the relationship is hump-shaped, with richness first rising and then declining with increasing productivity. Although recent meta-analyses questioned the generality of hump-shaped patterns, these syntheses have been criticized for failing to account for methodological differences among studies. We addressed such concerns by conducting standardized sampling in 48 herbaceous-dominated plant communities on five continents. We found no clear relationship between productivity and fine-scale (meters(-2)) richness within sites, within regions, or across the globe. Ecologists should focus on fresh, mechanistic approaches to understanding the multivariate links between productivity and richness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adler, Peter B -- Seabloom, Eric W -- Borer, Elizabeth T -- Hillebrand, Helmut -- Hautier, Yann -- Hector, Andy -- Harpole, W Stanley -- O'Halloran, Lydia R -- Grace, James B -- Anderson, T Michael -- Bakker, Jonathan D -- Biederman, Lori A -- Brown, Cynthia S -- Buckley, Yvonne M -- Calabrese, Laura B -- Chu, Cheng-Jin -- Cleland, Elsa E -- Collins, Scott L -- Cottingham, Kathryn L -- Crawley, Michael J -- Damschen, Ellen I -- Davies, Kendi F -- DeCrappeo, Nicole M -- Fay, Philip A -- Firn, Jennifer -- Frater, Paul -- Gasarch, Eve I -- Gruner, Daniel S -- Hagenah, Nicole -- Hille Ris Lambers, Janneke -- Humphries, Hope -- Jin, Virginia L -- Kay, Adam D -- Kirkman, Kevin P -- Klein, Julia A -- Knops, Johannes M H -- La Pierre, Kimberly J -- Lambrinos, John G -- Li, Wei -- MacDougall, Andrew S -- McCulley, Rebecca L -- Melbourne, Brett A -- Mitchell, Charles E -- Moore, Joslin L -- Morgan, John W -- Mortensen, Brent -- Orrock, John L -- Prober, Suzanne M -- Pyke, David A -- Risch, Anita C -- Schuetz, Martin -- Smith, Melinda D -- Stevens, Carly J -- Sullivan, Lauren L -- Wang, Gang -- Wragg, Peter D -- Wright, Justin P -- Yang, Louie H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1750-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1204498.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main, Logan, UT 84322, USA. peter.adler@usu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Australia ; *Biodiversity ; *Biomass ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Europe ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; North America ; Plant Development ; Plant Physiological Processes ; *Plants ; Regression Analysis
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: Crimmins et al. (Reports, 21 January 2011, p. 324) reported that plant species moved downhill between 1935 and 2005. They compared plot data for two time periods, ignoring that the modern plots were farther north than the historical plots. I contend that there is no support for a general downhill shift after correcting for this geographic bias.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hijmans, Robert J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):177; author reply 177. doi: 10.1126/science.1203791.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. rhijmans@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants ; *Water
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-07-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aerts, Raf -- Honnay, Olivier -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 8;333(6039):156. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6039.156-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21737722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: It has been suggested that tropical forest and savanna could represent alternative stable states, implying critical transitions at tipping points in response to altered climate or other drivers. So far, evidence for this idea has remained elusive, and integrated climate models assume smooth vegetation responses. We analyzed data on the distribution of tree cover in Africa, Australia, and South America to reveal strong evidence for the existence of three distinct attractors: forest, savanna, and a treeless state. Empirical reconstruction of the basins of attraction indicates that the resilience of the states varies in a universal way with precipitation. These results allow the identification of regions where forest or savanna may most easily tip into an alternative state, and they pave the way to a new generation of coupled climate models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hirota, Marina -- Holmgren, Milena -- Van Nes, Egbert H -- Scheffer, Marten -- 268732/European Research Council/International -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):232-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1210657.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Australia ; *Ecosystem ; Rain ; South America ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):814-8. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6044.814.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; Cambodia ; China ; *Ecosystem ; *Electricity ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; *Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Food Supply ; Laos ; Power Plants ; *Rivers ; Seasons ; Vietnam ; Water Movements
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2011-04-16
    Description: Ecological change provokes speciation and extinction, but our knowledge of the interplay among the biotic and abiotic drivers of macroevolution remains limited. Using the unparalleled fossil record of Cenozoic macroperforate planktonic foraminifera, we demonstrate that macroevolutionary dynamics depend on the interaction between species' ecology and the changing climate. This interplay drives diversification but differs between speciation probability and extinction risk: Speciation was more strongly shaped by diversity dependence than by climate change, whereas the reverse was true for extinction. Crucially, no single ecology was optimal in all environments, and species with distinct ecologies had significantly different probabilities of speciation and extinction. The ensuing macroevolutionary dynamics depend fundamentally on the ecological structure of species' assemblages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ezard, Thomas H G -- Aze, Tracy -- Pearson, Paul N -- Purvis, Andy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):349-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1203060.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, Silwood Park Campus, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK. t.ezard@surrey.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Foraminifera/cytology/genetics/physiology ; *Fossils ; *Genetic Speciation ; Phylogeny ; Plankton/cytology/genetics/physiology ; Time
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-03-29
    Description: The study of natural gradients in nutrient subsidies between ecosystems allows for predictions of how changes in one system can affect biodiversity in another. We performed a large-scale empirical test of the role of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in structuring riparian plant communities. A comparison of 50 watersheds in the remote Great Bear Rainforest of British Columbia's central coast in Canada shows that salmon influence nutrient loading to plants,shifting plant communities toward nutrient-rich species, which in turn decreases plant diversity.These effects are mediated by interactions between salmon density and the physical characteristics of watersheds. Predicting how salmon affect terrestrial ecosystems is central to conservation plans that aim to better integrate ecosystem values into resource management.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hocking, Morgan D -- Reynolds, John D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 25;331(6024):1609-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth2Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. mhocking@sfu.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21442794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; British Columbia ; *Ecosystem ; Nitrogen/analysis ; *Oncorhynchus/physiology ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Plants ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Rivers ; Trees
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2011-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove -- Ortiz, Juan Carlos -- Dove, Sophie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 16;334(6062):1494-5; author reply 1495-6. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6062.1494-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22174230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Ecosystem ; *Global Warming ; Seawater/*chemistry
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):390. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6016.390.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; Extinction, Biological ; *Hylobates/genetics/physiology ; Population Dynamics
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: A reconstruction of past environmental change from Ecuador reveals the response of lower montane forest on the Andean flank in western Amazonia to glacial-interglacial global climate change. Radiometric dating of volcanic ash indicates that deposition occurred ~324,000 to 193,000 years ago during parts of Marine Isotope Stages 9, 7, and 6. Fossil pollen and wood preserved within organic sediments suggest that the composition of the forest altered radically in response to glacial-interglacial climate change. The presence of Podocarpus macrofossils ~1000 meters below the lower limit of their modern distribution indicates a relative cooling of at least 5 degrees C during glacials and persistence of wet conditions. Interglacial deposits contain thermophilic palms suggesting warm and wet climates. Hence, global temperature change can radically alter vegetation communities and biodiversity in this region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cardenas, Macarena L -- Gosling, William D -- Sherlock, Sarah C -- Poole, Imogen -- Pennington, R Toby -- Mothes, Patricia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1055-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1197947.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CEPSAR, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK. m.l.cardenas@open.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; Fires ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; *Plants ; Pollen ; *Trees ; Volcanic Eruptions
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: The distributions of many terrestrial organisms are currently shifting in latitude or elevation in response to changing climate. Using a meta-analysis, we estimated that the distributions of species have recently shifted to higher elevations at a median rate of 11.0 meters per decade, and to higher latitudes at a median rate of 16.9 kilometers per decade. These rates are approximately two and three times faster than previously reported. The distances moved by species are greatest in studies showing the highest levels of warming, with average latitudinal shifts being generally sufficient to track temperature changes. However, individual species vary greatly in their rates of change, suggesting that the range shift of each species depends on multiple internal species traits and external drivers of change. Rapid average shifts derive from a wide diversity of responses by individual species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, I-Ching -- Hill, Jane K -- Ohlemuller, Ralf -- Roy, David B -- Thomas, Chris D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):1024-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1206432.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Geography ; Population Dynamics ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: In 2010, dry-season rainfall was low across Amazonia, with apparent similarities to the major 2005 drought. We analyzed a decade of satellite-derived rainfall data to compare both events. Standardized anomalies of dry-season rainfall showed that 57% of Amazonia had low rainfall in 2010 as compared with 37% in 2005 (〈/=-1 standard deviation from long-term mean). By using relationships between drying and forest biomass responses measured for 2005, we predict the impact of the 2010 drought as 2.2 x 10(15) grams of carbon [95% confidence intervals (CIs) are 1.2 and 3.4], largely longer-term committed emissions from drought-induced tree deaths, compared with 1.6 x 10(15) grams of carbon (CIs 0.8 and 2.6) for the 2005 event.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewis, Simon L -- Brando, Paulo M -- Phillips, Oliver L -- van der Heijden, Geertje M F -- Nepstad, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):554. doi: 10.1126/science.1200807.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. s.l.lewis@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292971" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Brazil ; Carbon ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; Seasons ; South America ; *Trees
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2011-07-23
    Description: The end-Triassic mass extinction (~201.4 million years ago), marked by terrestrial ecosystem turnover and up to ~50% loss in marine biodiversity, has been attributed to intensified volcanic activity during the break-up of Pangaea. Here, we present compound-specific carbon-isotope data of long-chain n-alkanes derived from waxes of land plants, showing a ~8.5 per mil negative excursion, coincident with the extinction interval. These data indicate strong carbon-13 depletion of the end-Triassic atmosphere, within only 10,000 to 20,000 years. The magnitude and rate of this carbon-cycle disruption can be explained by the injection of at least ~12 x 10(3) gigatons of isotopically depleted carbon as methane into the atmosphere. Concurrent vegetation changes reflect strong warming and an enhanced hydrological cycle. Hence, end-Triassic events are robustly linked to methane-derived massive carbon release and associated climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruhl, Micha -- Bonis, Nina R -- Reichart, Gert-Jan -- Sinninghe Damste, Jaap S -- Kurschner, Wolfram M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 22;333(6041):430-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1204255.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Palaeoecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, NL-3584 CD, Utrecht, Netherlands. micharuhl@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkanes/chemistry ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Biodiversity ; Carbon Cycle ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Carbon Isotopes/*analysis ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Methane/*analysis ; Plants/chemistry ; Time
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-11-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nogues-Bravo, David -- Rahbek, Carsten -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1070-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1214833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. dnogues@bio.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116871" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Invertebrates ; *Predatory Behavior
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saiz-Jimenez, Cesareo -- Cuezva, Soledad -- Jurado, Valme -- Fernandez-Cortes, Angel -- Porca, Estefania -- Benavente, David -- Canaveras, Juan C -- Sanchez-Moral, Sergio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 7;334(6052):42-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1206788.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Natural Resources and Agrobiology, Spanish National Research Council (IRNAS-CSIC), 41012 Sevilla, Spain. saiz@irnase.csic.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980097" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Geological Phenomena ; History, Ancient ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Humidity ; Light ; Paintings/*history ; Spain ; Temperature
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-11-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 18;334(6058):890-1. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6058.890.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Northwestern United States ; Pacific Ocean ; *Rivers/chemistry ; *Salmon ; Seawater ; Temperature ; Water Movements
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-11-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 18;334(6058):888-92. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6058.888.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Rivers ; *Salmon ; United States ; Washington ; *Water Movements
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: The effect of ecological change on evolution has long been a focus of scientific research. The reverse--how evolutionary dynamics affect ecological traits--has only recently captured our attention, however, with the realization that evolution can occur over ecological time scales. This newly highlighted causal direction and the implied feedback loop--eco-evolutionary dynamics--is invigorating both ecologists and evolutionists and blurring the distinction between them. Despite some recent relevant studies, the importance of the evolution-to-ecology pathway across systems is still unknown. Only an extensive research effort involving multiple experimental approaches-particularly long-term field experiments--over a variety of ecological communities will provide the answer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schoener, Thomas W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):426-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1193954.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. twschoener@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21273479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Biota ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 75
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-11-15
    Description: The net effect of anthropogenic aerosols on climate is usually considered the sum of the direct radiative effect of anthropogenic aerosols, plus the indirect effect of these aerosols through aerosol-cloud interactions. However, an additional impact of aerosols on a longer time scale is their indirect effect on climate through biogeochemical feedbacks, largely due to changes in the atmospheric concentration of CO(2). Aerosols can affect land and ocean biogeochemical cycles by physical forcing or by adding nutrients and pollutants to ecosystems. The net biogeochemical effect of aerosols is estimated to be equivalent to a radiative forcing of -0.5 +/- 0.4 watts per square meter, which suggests that reaching lower carbon targets will be even costlier than previously estimated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mahowald, Natalie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):794-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1207374.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atkinson Center for the Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acid Rain ; Aerosols ; *Atmosphere ; Biomass ; *Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollution
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-12-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schreiber, Sebastian J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 2;334(6060):1214-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1214845.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. sschreiber@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22144606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Female ; Male ; *Models, Biological ; *Wolves
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2011-03-12
    Description: Mahecha et al. (Reports, 13 August 2010, p. 838) estimated the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration (Q(10)) and showed that temperature sensitivity and its site-to-site variability are lower than previously reported. We demonstrate that their Q(10) value of 1.4 is an underestimate if interpreted as the averaged sensitivities of all ecosystem components, because fast temperature fluctuations penetrate poorly into the soil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graf, Alexander -- Weihermuller, Lutz -- Huisman, Johan A -- Herbst, Michael -- Vereecken, Harry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 11;331(6022):1265; author reply 1265. doi: 10.1126/science.1196948.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Forschungszentrum Juelich, Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Juelich, Germany. a.graf@fz-juelich.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21393526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomass ; *Cell Respiration ; *Ecosystem ; *Oxygen Consumption ; *Soil/analysis ; *Temperature
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2011-12-07
    Description: Environmental change has been observed to generate simultaneous responses in population dynamics, life history, gene frequencies, and morphology in a number of species. But how common are such eco-evolutionary responses to environmental change likely to be? Are they inevitable, or do they require a specific type of change? Can we accurately predict eco-evolutionary responses? We address these questions using theory and data from the study of Yellowstone wolves. We show that environmental change is expected to generate eco-evolutionary change, that changes in the average environment will affect wolves to a greater extent than changes in how variable it is, and that accurate prediction of the consequences of environmental change will probably prove elusive.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coulson, Tim -- MacNulty, Daniel R -- Stahler, Daniel R -- vonHoldt, Bridgett -- Wayne, Robert K -- Smith, Douglas W -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 2;334(6060):1275-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1209441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK. t.coulson@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22144626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Weight ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Female ; Forecasting ; Genetic Fitness ; Genotype ; Male ; *Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Northwestern United States ; Phenotype ; Population Dynamics ; Survival ; *Wolves/genetics/physiology
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: We describe the draft genome of the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex, which is only 200 megabases and contains at least 30,907 genes. The high gene count is a consequence of an elevated rate of gene duplication resulting in tandem gene clusters. More than a third of Daphnia's genes have no detectable homologs in any other available proteome, and the most amplified gene families are specific to the Daphnia lineage. The coexpansion of gene families interacting within metabolic pathways suggests that the maintenance of duplicated genes is not random, and the analysis of gene expression under different environmental conditions reveals that numerous paralogs acquire divergent expression patterns soon after duplication. Daphnia-specific genes, including many additional loci within sequenced regions that are otherwise devoid of annotations, are the most responsive genes to ecological challenges.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3529199/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3529199/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colbourne, John K -- Pfrender, Michael E -- Gilbert, Donald -- Thomas, W Kelley -- Tucker, Abraham -- Oakley, Todd H -- Tokishita, Shinichi -- Aerts, Andrea -- Arnold, Georg J -- Basu, Malay Kumar -- Bauer, Darren J -- Caceres, Carla E -- Carmel, Liran -- Casola, Claudio -- Choi, Jeong-Hyeon -- Detter, John C -- Dong, Qunfeng -- Dusheyko, Serge -- Eads, Brian D -- Frohlich, Thomas -- Geiler-Samerotte, Kerry A -- Gerlach, Daniel -- Hatcher, Phil -- Jogdeo, Sanjuro -- Krijgsveld, Jeroen -- Kriventseva, Evgenia V -- Kultz, Dietmar -- Laforsch, Christian -- Lindquist, Erika -- Lopez, Jacqueline -- Manak, J Robert -- Muller, Jean -- Pangilinan, Jasmyn -- Patwardhan, Rupali P -- Pitluck, Samuel -- Pritham, Ellen J -- Rechtsteiner, Andreas -- Rho, Mina -- Rogozin, Igor B -- Sakarya, Onur -- Salamov, Asaf -- Schaack, Sarah -- Shapiro, Harris -- Shiga, Yasuhiro -- Skalitzky, Courtney -- Smith, Zachary -- Souvorov, Alexander -- Sung, Way -- Tang, Zuojian -- Tsuchiya, Dai -- Tu, Hank -- Vos, Harmjan -- Wang, Mei -- Wolf, Yuri I -- Yamagata, Hideo -- Yamada, Takuji -- Ye, Yuzhen -- Shaw, Joseph R -- Andrews, Justen -- Crease, Teresa J -- Tang, Haixu -- Lucas, Susan M -- Robertson, Hugh M -- Bork, Peer -- Koonin, Eugene V -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Lynch, Michael -- Boore, Jeffrey L -- P42 ES004699/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42 ES004699-25/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- P42ES004699/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES019324/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM078274/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM078274-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24GM07827401/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):555-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1197761.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, 915 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. jcolbour@indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Daphnia/*genetics/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Conversion ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genes, Duplicate ; *Genome ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Ecosystems worldwide are losing some species and gaining others, resulting in an interchange of species that is having profound impacts on how these ecosystems function. However, research on the effects of species gains and losses has developed largely independently of one another. Recent conceptual advances regarding effects of species gain have arisen from studies that have unraveled the mechanistic basis of how invading species with novel traits alter biotic interactions and ecosystem processes. In contrast, studies on traits associated with species loss are fewer, and much remains unknown about how traits that predispose species to extinction affect ecological processes. Species gains and losses are both consequences and drivers of global change; thus, explicit integration of research on how both processes simultaneously affect ecosystem functioning is key to determining the response of the Earth system to current and future human activities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wardle, David A -- Bardgett, Richard D -- Callaway, Ragan M -- Van der Putten, Wim H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 10;332(6035):1273-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1197479.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Vegetation Ecology, Faculty of Forestry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE901-83 Umea, Sweden. david.wardle@svek.slu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21659595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Introduced Species ; Plants
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grunbaum, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 24;332(6037):1514-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1208445.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7940, USA. grunbaum@ocean.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21700863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bivalvia/*physiology ; Demography ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Feeding Behavior ; Locomotion ; Models, Biological ; Plankton ; Population Dynamics
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2011-08-27
    Description: Zhao and Running (Reports, 20 August 2010, p. 940) reported that global net primary production has declined over the past decade and that this reduction was caused by drought. However, their findings are not direct measurements, but rather are based on outcomes from models in which a strong temperature dependence is assumed. I examine the assumptions underlying their results and show that their findings can be explained as logical consequences of these assumptions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Medlyn, Belinda E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 26;333(6046):1093; author reply 1093. doi: 10.1126/science.1199544.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde NSW 2109, Australia. belinda.medlyn@mq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Atmosphere ; *Biomass ; *Carbon Cycle ; *Droughts ; *Ecosystem ; Models, Theoretical ; Photosynthesis ; Plants/*metabolism ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Temperature
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2011-12-24
    Description: Determining the form of key predator-prey relationships is critical for understanding marine ecosystem dynamics. Using a comprehensive global database, we quantified the effect of fluctuations in food abundance on seabird breeding success. We identified a threshold in prey (fish and krill, termed "forage fish") abundance below which seabirds experience consistently reduced and more variable productivity. This response was common to all seven ecosystems and 14 bird species examined within the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. The threshold approximated one-third of the maximum prey biomass observed in long-term studies. This provides an indicator of the minimal forage fish biomass needed to sustain seabird productivity over the long term.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cury, Philippe M -- Boyd, Ian L -- Bonhommeau, Sylvain -- Anker-Nilssen, Tycho -- Crawford, Robert J M -- Furness, Robert W -- Mills, James A -- Murphy, Eugene J -- Osterblom, Henrik -- Paleczny, Michelle -- Piatt, John F -- Roux, Jean-Paul -- Shannon, Lynne -- Sydeman, William J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1703-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1212928.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, UMR EME-212, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Mediterraneenne et Tropicale, Avenue Jean Monnet, Sete Cedex, France. philippe.cury@ird.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Birds/*physiology ; Charadriiformes/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Food ; Food Chain ; Male ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Reproduction ; Seawater ; Statistics, Nonparametric
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2011-10-01
    Description: Cardenas et al. (Reports, 25 February 2011, p. 1055) used the presence of Podocarpus pollen and wood to infer 〉/=5 degrees C cooling of Andean forests during Quaternary glacial periods. We show that (i) Podocarpus has a wide elevation range in the Neotropics, and (ii) edaphic factors cannot be discounted as a factor governing its distribution. Paleoecologists should therefore reevaluate Podocarpus as a cool-temperature proxy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Punyasena, Surangi W -- Dalling, James W -- Jaramillo, Carlos -- Turner, Benjamin L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 30;333(6051):1825; author reply 1825. doi: 10.1126/science.1207525.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801-3750, USA. punyasena@life.illinois.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21960612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; *Biodiversity ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; *Plants ; *Trees
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perrings, Charles -- Duraiappah, Anantha -- Larigauderie, Anne -- Mooney, Harold -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 4;331(6021):1139-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1202400. Epub 2011 Feb 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. charles.perrings@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21330488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *International Cooperation ; *Policy ; Policy Making ; *Research ; United Nations
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winter, Marten -- Schweiger, Oliver -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):936-7; author reply 937. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6045.936-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21852470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simberloff, Daniel -- Genovesi, Piero -- Pysek, Petr -- Campbell, Karl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):419. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6028.419-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; *Introduced Species ; Pest Control, Biological ; Plants
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2011-05-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Da Silva, Fernando Rodrigues -- Do Prado, Vitor Hugo Mendonca -- Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 May 27;332(6033):1033. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6033.1033-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21617059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Amphibians ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-03-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bird, Winifred -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 18;331(6023):1385. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6023.1385.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; *Extinction, Biological ; *International Cooperation ; Plants
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kinzig, A P -- Perrings, C -- Chapin, F S 3rd -- Polasky, S -- Smith, V K -- Tilman, D -- Turner, B L 2nd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 4;334(6056):603-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1210297.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ecology/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; Marketing
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simons, Craig -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):298-9. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6027.298.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Budgets ; Classification ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology/*economics/manpower/trends ; *Ecosystem ; Papua New Guinea ; Research Support as Topic ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: The question of how to meet rising food demand at the least cost to biodiversity requires the evaluation of two contrasting alternatives: land sharing, which integrates both objectives on the same land; and land sparing, in which high-yield farming is combined with protecting natural habitats from conversion to agriculture. To test these alternatives, we compared crop yields and densities of bird and tree species across gradients of agricultural intensity in southwest Ghana and northern India. More species were negatively affected by agriculture than benefited from it, particularly among species with small global ranges. For both taxa in both countries, land sparing is a more promising strategy for minimizing negative impacts of food production, at both current and anticipated future levels of production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phalan, Ben -- Onial, Malvika -- Balmford, Andrew -- Green, Rhys E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 2;333(6047):1289-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1208742.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; *Food ; Ghana ; India ; Population Density ; Trees
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2011-10-15
    Description: Crimmins et al. (Reports, 21 January 2011, p. 324) presented a study that purports to show that plants in California are shifting downslope to maintain a constant water deficit. We argue that the results are limited in scope to just a handful of woody species in one part of the state and are confounded by methodological errors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolf, Adam -- Anderegg, William R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Oct 14;334(6053):177; author reply 177. doi: 10.1126/science.1204607.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. adamwolf@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21998369" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants ; *Water
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2011-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bjorndal, Karen A -- Bowen, Brian W -- Chaloupka, Milani -- Crowder, Larry B -- Heppell, Selina S -- Jones, Cynthia M -- Lutcavage, Molly E -- Policansky, David -- Solow, Andrew R -- Witherington, Blair E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Feb 4;331(6017):537-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1199935.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research and Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. bjorndal@ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild/physiology ; Atlantic Ocean ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Data Collection ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Pollution ; Information Dissemination ; Life Cycle Stages ; *Petroleum ; Policy ; Population Dynamics ; Research ; Turtles/physiology ; United States
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2011-06-28
    Description: Ecological theory predicts that animal movement is shaped by its efficiency of resource acquisition. Focusing solely on efficiency, however, ignores the fact that animal activity can affect resource availability and distribution. Here, we show that feedback between individual behavior and environmental complexity can explain movement strategies in mussels. Specifically, experiments show that mussels use a Levy walk during the formation of spatially patterned beds, and models reveal that this Levy movement accelerates pattern formation. The emergent patterning in mussel beds, in turn, improves individual fitness. These results suggest that Levy walks evolved as a result of the selective advantage conferred by autonomously generated, emergent spatial patterns in mussel beds. Our results emphasize that an interaction between individual selection and habitat complexity shapes animal movement in natural systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Jager, Monique -- Weissing, Franz J -- Herman, Peter M J -- Nolet, Bart A -- van de Koppel, Johan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jun 24;332(6037):1551-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1201187.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Spatial Ecology Department, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Yerseke, Netherlands. m.dejager@nioo.knaw.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21700872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; Cyanobacteria ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Feeding Behavior ; Genetic Fitness ; Locomotion ; Models, Biological ; Mytilus edulis/*physiology ; Population Density ; Probability ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 96
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-11-26
    Description: Climate change can affect organisms both directly via physiological stress and indirectly via changing relationships among species. However, we do not fully understand how changing interspecific relationships contribute to community- and ecosystem-level responses to environmental forcing. I used experiments and spatial and temporal comparisons to demonstrate that warming substantially reduces predator-free space on rocky shores. The vertical extent of mussel beds decreased by 51% in 52 years, and reproductive populations of mussels disappeared at several sites. Prey species were able to occupy a hot, extralimital site if predation pressure was experimentally reduced, and local species richness more than doubled as a result. These results suggest that anthropogenic climate change can alter interspecific interactions and produce unexpected changes in species distributions, community structure, and diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harley, Christopher D G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1124-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1210199.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, Canada. harley@zoology.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Biodiversity ; Bivalvia ; *Climate Change ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments ; *Invertebrates ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior ; Starfish ; Temperature ; Thoracica
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merritt, David J -- Dixon, Kingsley W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 22;332(6028):424-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1203083.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia. david.merritt@bgpa.wa.gov.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512021" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Specimen Banks ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Gardening ; Research ; *Seeds
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Driscoll, Carlos A -- Luo, Shujin -- MacDonald, David -- Dinerstein, Eric -- Chestin, Igor -- Pereladova, Olga -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 12;333(6044):822-3. doi: 10.1126/science.333.6044.822-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asia, Central ; *Ecosystem ; Kazakhstan ; Population Dynamics ; *Tigers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2011-09-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉du Toit, Johan T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 23;333(6050):1710-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1212452.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA. johan.dutoit@usu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Eastern ; Animals ; *Animals, Wild/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Body Size ; *Cattle/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Diet ; *Ecosystem ; Equidae/physiology ; *Feeding Behavior ; Food Chain ; Humans ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2011-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):746. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6057.746.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*standards ; *Fishes ; Oceans and Seas ; *Product Labeling ; *Seafood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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