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  • Mutation  (95)
  • Population Dynamics  (56)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (151)
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  • 2005-2009  (151)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (151)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: Population dynamics and evolutionary change are linked by the fundamental biological processes of birth and death. This means that population growth may correlate with the strength of selection, whereas evolutionary change can leave an ecological signature. We decompose population growth in an age-structured population into contributions from variation in a quantitative trait. We report that the distribution of body sizes within a population of Soay sheep can markedly influence population dynamics, accounting for up to one-fifth of observed population growth. Our results suggest that there is substantial opportunity for evolutionary dynamics to leave an ecological signature and visa versa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pelletier, Fanie -- Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Pemberton, Josephine -- Tuljapurkar, Shripad -- Coulson, Tim -- P01 AG 22500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG022500-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1571-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birth Weight ; Body Size/genetics ; Body Weight/genetics ; Ecology ; Environment ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Hindlimb/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Mathematics ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; *Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Scotland ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Sheep/anatomy & histology/genetics/growth & development ; Weather
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: In flowering plants, signaling between the male pollen tube and the synergid cells of the female gametophyte is required for fertilization. In the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant feronia (fer), fertilization is impaired; the pollen tube fails to arrest and thus continues to grow inside the female gametophyte. FER encodes a synergid-expressed, plasma membrane-localized receptor-like kinase. We found that the FER protein accumulates asymmetrically in the synergid membrane at the filiform apparatus. Interspecific crosses using pollen from Arabidopsis lyrata and Cardamine flexuosa on A. thaliana stigmas resulted in a fer-like phenotype that correlates with sequence divergence in the extracellular domain of FER. Our findings show that the female control of pollen tube reception is based on a FER-dependent signaling pathway, which may play a role in reproductive isolation barriers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Escobar-Restrepo, Juan-Miguel -- Huck, Norbert -- Kessler, Sharon -- Gagliardini, Valeria -- Gheyselinck, Jacqueline -- Yang, Wei-Cai -- Grossniklaus, Ueli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):656-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Plant Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673660" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Brassicaceae/genetics/physiology ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Flowers/cytology/enzymology/*physiology ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Plant ; Germination ; Ligands ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Epidermis/enzymology ; Pollen Tube/growth & development/*physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Reproduction ; Seeds/growth & development ; Signal Transduction ; Species Specificity
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walther, Gian-Reto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):606-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. gian-reto.walther@uni-bayreuth.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; California ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Invertebrates/physiology ; *Plant Development ; Poaceae/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Rain ; Research Design ; Seasons ; Time Factors
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCormick, Sheila -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):606-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service-UC Berkeley, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA. sheilamc@nature.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/enzymology/genetics/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Flowers/cytology/enzymology/*physiology ; Genes, Plant ; Ligands ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Phosphotransferases/*genetics/*metabolism ; Pollen Tube/growth & development/*physiology ; Reproduction ; Signal Transduction ; Species Specificity
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: The initial electron transfer dynamics during photosynthesis have been studied in Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers from wild type and 14 mutants in which the driving force and the kinetics of charge separation vary over a broad range. Surprisingly, the protein relaxation kinetics, as measured by tryptophan absorbance changes, are invariant in these mutants. By applying a reaction-diffusion model, we can fit the complex electron transfer kinetics of each mutant quantitatively, varying only the driving force. These results indicate that initial photosynthetic charge separation is limited by protein dynamics rather than by a static electron transfer barrier.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Haiyu -- Lin, Su -- Allen, James P -- Williams, Joann C -- Blankert, Sean -- Laser, Christa -- Woodbury, Neal W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):747-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 South McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85287-5201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Bacteriochlorophylls/metabolism ; *Electron Transport ; Kinetics ; Light ; Models, Chemical ; Mutation ; *Photosynthesis ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Rhodobacter sphaeroides/genetics/*metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics ; Tryptophan/chemistry
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2007-02-27
    Description: The Clovis complex is considered to be the oldest unequivocal evidence of humans in the Americas, dating between 11,500 and 10,900 radiocarbon years before the present (14C yr B.P.). Adjusted 14C dates and a reevaluation of the existing Clovis date record revise the Clovis time range to 11,050 to 10,800 14C yr B.P. In as few as 200 calendar years, Clovis technology originated and spread throughout North America. The revised age range for Clovis overlaps non-Clovis sites in North and South America. This and other evidence imply that humans already lived in the Americas before Clovis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waters, Michael R -- Stafford, Thomas W Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1122-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Anthropology and Geography, Center for the Study of the First Americans, Texas A&M University, 4352 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4352, USA. mwaters@tamu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322060" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; *Culture ; Emigration and Immigration ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; North America ; Population Dynamics ; South America ; Time
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):314.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Alzheimer Disease/*genetics/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; LDL-Receptor Related Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Transport
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are a distinctive feature of the genomes of most Bacteria and Archaea and are thought to be involved in resistance to bacteriophages. We found that, after viral challenge, bacteria integrated new spacers derived from phage genomic sequences. Removal or addition of particular spacers modified the phage-resistance phenotype of the cell. Thus, CRISPR, together with associated cas genes, provided resistance against phages, and resistance specificity is determined by spacer-phage sequence similarity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barrangou, Rodolphe -- Fremaux, Christophe -- Deveau, Helene -- Richards, Melissa -- Boyaval, Patrick -- Moineau, Sylvain -- Romero, Dennis A -- Horvath, Philippe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1709-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Danisco USA Inc., 3329 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53716, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA, Intergenic/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Genome, Viral ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Streptococcus Phages/genetics/*physiology ; Streptococcus thermophilus/*genetics/*virology ; Viral Plaque Assay ; Virus Replication
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: Analysis of cellular components at multiple levels of biological information can provide valuable functional insights. We performed multiple high-throughput measurements to study the response of Escherichia coli cells to genetic and environmental perturbations. Analysis of metabolic enzyme gene disruptants revealed unexpectedly small changes in messenger RNA and proteins for most disruptants. Overall, metabolite levels were also stable, reflecting the rerouting of fluxes in the metabolic network. In contrast, E. coli actively regulated enzyme levels to maintain a stable metabolic state in response to changes in growth rate. E. coli thus seems to use complementary strategies that result in a metabolic network robust against perturbations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ishii, Nobuyoshi -- Nakahigashi, Kenji -- Baba, Tomoya -- Robert, Martin -- Soga, Tomoyoshi -- Kanai, Akio -- Hirasawa, Takashi -- Naba, Miki -- Hirai, Kenta -- Hoque, Aminul -- Ho, Pei Yee -- Kakazu, Yuji -- Sugawara, Kaori -- Igarashi, Saori -- Harada, Satoshi -- Masuda, Takeshi -- Sugiyama, Naoyuki -- Togashi, Takashi -- Hasegawa, Miki -- Takai, Yuki -- Yugi, Katsuyuki -- Arakawa, Kazuharu -- Iwata, Nayuta -- Toya, Yoshihiro -- Nakayama, Yoichi -- Nishioka, Takaaki -- Shimizu, Kazuyuki -- Mori, Hirotada -- Tomita, Masaru -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):593-7. Epub 2007 Mar 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromatography, Liquid ; Computational Biology ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Enzyme Induction ; Enzyme Repression ; Enzymes/genetics/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/*genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Mass Spectrometry ; *Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Proteome ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Systems Biology/*methods ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress hundreds of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), but the physiological roles of specific miRNA-mRNA interactions remain largely elusive. We report that zebrafish microRNA-430 (miR-430) dampens and balances the expression of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) Nodal agonist squint and the TGF-beta Nodal antagonist lefty. To disrupt the interaction of specific miRNA-mRNA pairs, we developed target protector morpholinos complementary to miRNA binding sites in target mRNAs. Protection of squint or lefty mRNAs from miR-430 resulted in enhanced or reduced Nodal signaling, respectively. Simultaneous protection of squint and lefty or absence of miR-430 caused an imbalance and reduction in Nodal signaling. These findings establish an approach to analyze the in vivo roles of specific miRNA-mRNA pairs and reveal a requirement for miRNAs in dampening and balancing agonist/antagonist pairs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi, Wen-Yee -- Giraldez, Antonio J -- Schier, Alexander F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):271-4. Epub 2007 Aug 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Left-Right Determination Factors ; MicroRNAs/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Nodal Protein ; Nodal Signaling Ligands ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/agonists/antagonists & ; inhibitors/*genetics/*metabolism ; Zebrafish/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins/*genetics
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):884-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldosterone/metabolism ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Desoxycorticosterone/metabolism ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Fishes ; Hydrocortisone/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: The organization of chromatin affects all aspects of nuclear DNA metabolism in eukaryotes. H3.3 is an evolutionarily conserved histone variant and a key substrate for replication-independent chromatin assembly. Elimination of chromatin remodeling factor CHD1 in Drosophila embryos abolishes incorporation of H3.3 into the male pronucleus, renders the paternal genome unable to participate in zygotic mitoses, and leads to the development of haploid embryos. Furthermore, CHD1, but not ISWI, interacts with HIRA in cytoplasmic extracts. Our findings establish CHD1 as a major factor in replacement histone metabolism in the nucleus and reveal a critical role for CHD1 in the earliest developmental instances of genome-scale, replication-independent nucleosome assembly. Furthermore, our results point to the general requirement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-utilizing motor proteins for histone deposition in vivo.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3014568/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3014568/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konev, Alexander Y -- Tribus, Martin -- Park, Sung Yeon -- Podhraski, Valerie -- Lim, Chin Yan -- Emelyanov, Alexander V -- Vershilova, Elena -- Pirrotta, Vincenzo -- Kadonaga, James T -- Lusser, Alexandra -- Fyodorov, Dmitry V -- GM58272/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM74233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y 275/Austrian Science Fund FWF/Austria -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1087-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; *Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Haploidy ; Histone Chaperones ; Histones/*metabolism ; Male ; Mutation ; Nucleosomes/metabolism ; Protamines/metabolism ; Spermatozoa/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transgenes
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: Understanding the relationship between diversity and stability requires a knowledge of how species interact with each other and how each is affected by the environment. The relationship is also complex, because the concept of stability is multifaceted; different types of stability describing different properties of ecosystems lead to multiple diversity-stability relationships. A growing number of empirical studies demonstrate positive diversity-stability relationships. These studies, however, have emphasized only a few types of stability, and they rarely uncover the mechanisms responsible for stability. Because anthropogenic changes often affect stability and diversity simultaneously, diversity-stability relationships cannot be understood outside the context of the environmental drivers affecting both. This shifts attention away from diversity-stability relationships toward the multiple factors, including diversity, that dictate the stability of ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ives, Anthony R -- Carpenter, Stephen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):58-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA. arives@wisc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Extinction, Biological ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: In the time between speciation and extinction, a species' ecological and biogeographic footprint-its occupancy-will vary in response to macroecological drivers and historical contingencies. Despite their importance for understanding macroecological processes, general patterns of long-term species occupancy remain largely unknown. We documented the occupancy histories of Cenozoic marine mollusks from New Zealand. For both genera and species, these show a distinct pattern of increase to relatively short-lived peak occupancy at mid-duration, followed by a decline toward extinction. Thus, species at greatest risk for extinction are those that have already been in decline for a substantial period of time. This pattern of protracted rise and fall stands in contrast to that of incumbency, insofar as species show no general tendency to stay near maximal occupancy once established.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foote, Michael -- Crampton, James S -- Beu, Alan G -- Marshall, Bruce A -- Cooper, Roger A -- Maxwell, Phillip A -- Matcham, Iain -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1131-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. mfoote@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; *Mollusca ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; Time
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: The RRM-domain proteins FCA and FPA have previously been characterized as flowering-time regulators in Arabidopsis. We show that they are required for RNA-mediated chromatin silencing of a range of loci in the genome. At some target loci, FCA and FPA promote asymmetric DNA methylation, whereas at others they function in parallel to DNA methylation. Female gametophytic development and early embryonic development are particularly susceptible to malfunctions in FCA and FPA. We propose that FCA and FPA regulate chromatin silencing of single and low-copy genes and interact in a locus-dependent manner with the canonical small interfering RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway to regulate common targets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baurle, Isabel -- Smith, Lisa -- Baulcombe, David C -- Dean, Caroline -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):109-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK. isabel.baurle@bbsrc.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Chromatin/*genetics ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Plant/metabolism ; Flowers/growth & development ; Mutation ; Oxidoreductases/genetics ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Plant/genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Retroelements ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: The worldwide decline in amphibians has been attributed to several causes, especially habitat loss and disease. We identified a further factor, namely "habitat split"-defined as human-induced disconnection between habitats used by different life history stages of a species-which forces forest-associated amphibians with aquatic larvae to make risky breeding migrations between suitable aquatic and terrestrial habitats. In the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, we found that habitat split negatively affects the richness of species with aquatic larvae but not the richness of species with terrestrial development (the latter can complete their life cycle inside forest remnants). This mechanism helps to explain why species with aquatic larvae have the highest incidence of population decline. These findings reinforce the need for the conservation and restoration of riparian vegetation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becker, Carlos Guilherme -- Fonseca, Carlos Roberto -- Haddad, Celio Fernando Baptista -- Batista, Romulo Fernandes -- Prado, Paulo Inacio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1775-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas SP, Brazil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079402" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amphibians/growth & development/physiology ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Larva/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Trees ; Water
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flatt, Thomas -- Promislow, Daniel E L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1255-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. thomas_flatt@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Fertility ; Genes ; Humans ; Longevity/genetics ; Mutation ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: Worm et al. (Research Articles, 3 November 2006, p. 787) reported an increasing proportion of fisheries in a "collapsed" state. We show that this may be an artifact of their definition of collapse as a fixed percentage of the maximum and that an increase in the number of managed fisheries could produce similar patterns as an increase in fisheries with catches below 10% of the maximum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilberg, Michael J -- Miller, Thomas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1285; author reply 1285.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, MD 20688, USA. wilberg@cbl.umces.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Forecasting ; Population Dynamics
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1527.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Biodiversity ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Ice Cover ; Invertebrates ; Plankton/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; Temperature
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: The 66-kilodalton isoform of the growth factor adapter Shc (p66Shc) translates oxidative damage into cell death by acting as reactive oxygen species (ROS) producer within mitochondria. However, the signaling link between cellular stress and mitochondrial proapoptotic activity of p66Shc was not known. We demonstrate that protein kinase C beta, activated by oxidative conditions in the cell, induces phosphorylation of p66Shc and triggers mitochondrial accumulation of the protein after it is recognized by the prolyl isomerase Pin1. Once imported, p66Shc causes alterations of mitochondrial Ca2+ responses and three-dimensional structure, thus inducing apoptosis. These data identify a signaling route that activates an apoptotic inducer shortening the life span and could be a potential target of pharmacological approaches to inhibit aging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pinton, Paolo -- Rimessi, Alessandro -- Marchi, Saverio -- Orsini, Francesca -- Migliaccio, Enrica -- Giorgio, Marco -- Contursi, Cristina -- Minucci, Saverio -- Mantovani, Fiamma -- Wieckowski, Mariusz R -- Del Sal, Giannino -- Pelicci, Pier Giuseppe -- Rizzuto, Rosario -- GGP05284/Telethon/Italy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):659-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of General Pathology and Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), University of Ferrara, Ferrera, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; *Cell Aging ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Oxidative Stress ; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/*metabolism ; Permeability ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Kinase C beta ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins ; *Signal Transduction
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: A central issue in the regulation of apoptosis by the Bcl-2 family is whether its BH3-only members initiate apoptosis by directly binding to the essential cell-death mediators Bax and Bak, or whether they can act indirectly, by engaging their pro-survival Bcl-2-like relatives. Contrary to the direct-activation model, we show that Bax and Bak can mediate apoptosis without discernable association with the putative BH3-only activators (Bim, Bid, and Puma), even in cells with no Bim or Bid and reduced Puma. Our results indicate that BH3-only proteins induce apoptosis at least primarily by engaging the multiple pro-survival relatives guarding Bax and Bak.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, Simon N -- Fletcher, Jamie I -- Kaufmann, Thomas -- van Delft, Mark F -- Chen, Lin -- Czabotar, Peter E -- Ierino, Helen -- Lee, Erinna F -- Fairlie, W Douglas -- Bouillet, Philippe -- Strasser, Andreas -- Kluck, Ruth M -- Adams, Jerry M -- Huang, David C S -- CA43540/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA80188/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):856-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein/metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/chemistry/*metabolism ; bcl-Associated Death Protein/metabolism ; bcl-X Protein/metabolism
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: The SAX-3/roundabout (Robo) receptor has SLT-1/Slit-dependent and -independent functions in guiding cell and axon migrations. We identified enhancer of ventral-axon guidance defects of unc-40 mutants (EVA-1) as a Caenorhabditis elegans transmembrane receptor for SLT-1. EVA-1 has two predicted galactose-binding ectodomains, acts cell-autonomously for SLT-1/Slit-dependent axon migration functions of SAX-3/Robo, binds to SLT-1 and SAX-3, colocalizes with SAX-3 on cells, and provides cell specificity to the activation of SAX-3 signaling by SLT-1. Double mutants of eva-1 or slt-1 with sax-3 mutations suggest that SAX-3 can (when slt-1 or eva-1 function is reduced) inhibit a parallel-acting guidance mechanism, which involves UNC-40/deleted in colorectal cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujisawa, Kazuko -- Wrana, Jeffrey L -- Culotti, Joseph G -- NS41397/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1934-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Axons/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Movement ; Cloning, Molecular ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Nervous System/growth & development/metabolism ; Neurons/physiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Immunologic/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: The evolution of insect resistance threatens the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins that are widely used in sprays and transgenic crops. Resistance to Bt toxins in some insects is linked with mutations that disrupt a toxin-binding cadherin protein. We show that susceptibility to the Bt toxin Cry1Ab was reduced by cadherin gene silencing with RNA interference in Manduca sexta, confirming cadherin's role in Bt toxicity. Native Cry1A toxins required cadherin to form oligomers, but modified Cry1A toxins lacking one alpha-helix did not. The modified toxins killed cadherin-silenced M. sexta and Bt-resistant Pectinophora gossypiella that had cadherin deletion mutations. Our findings suggest that cadherin promotes Bt toxicity by facilitating toxin oligomerization and demonstrate that the modified Bt toxins may be useful against pests resistant to standard Bt toxins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soberon, Mario -- Pardo-Lopez, Liliana -- Lopez, Idalia -- Gomez, Isabel -- Tabashnik, Bruce E -- Bravo, Alejandra -- 1R01 AI066014/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1640-2. Epub 2007 Nov 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, Mexico. mario@ibt.unam.mx〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/*toxicity ; Bacterial Toxins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/*toxicity ; Cadherins/genetics/metabolism ; Endotoxins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/*toxicity ; Genetic Engineering ; Hemolysin Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/*toxicity ; *Insecticide Resistance ; Larva ; *Manduca/genetics/metabolism ; *Moths/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; *Pest Control, Biological ; RNA Interference
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1483.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872415" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Diet ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage/*metabolism ; *Gene Dosage ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Saliva/enzymology ; Starch/*administration & dosage/*metabolism ; alpha-Amylases/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2007-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jorgensen, Christian -- Enberg, Katja -- Dunlop, Erin S -- Arlinghaus, Robert -- Boukal, David S -- Brander, Keith -- Ernande, Bruno -- Gardmark, Anna -- Johnston, Fiona -- Matsumura, Shuichi -- Pardoe, Heidi -- Raab, Kristina -- Silva, Alexandra -- Vainikka, Anssi -- Dieckmann, Ulf -- Heino, Mikko -- Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1247-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen. christian.jorgensen@bio.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/methods ; *Fishes/physiology ; Population Dynamics
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: A cause-and-effect understanding of climate influences on ecosystems requires evaluation of thermal limits of member species and of their ability to cope with changing temperatures. Laboratory data available for marine fish and invertebrates from various climatic regions led to the hypothesis that, as a unifying principle, a mismatch between the demand for oxygen and the capacity of oxygen supply to tissues is the first mechanism to restrict whole-animal tolerance to thermal extremes. We show in the eelpout, Zoarces viviparus, a bioindicator fish species for environmental monitoring from North and Baltic Seas (Helcom), that thermally limited oxygen delivery closely matches environmental temperatures beyond which growth performance and abundance decrease. Decrements in aerobic performance in warming seas will thus be the first process to cause extinction or relocation to cooler waters.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Portner, Hans O -- Knust, Rainer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):95-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Animal Ecophysiology, Postfach 12 01 61, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. hpoertner@awi-bremerhaven.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; Aerobiosis ; Animals ; Blood Circulation ; Body Size ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; North Sea ; Oxygen/analysis/blood/*metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Perciformes/growth & development/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Seasons ; Seawater/chemistry ; Temperature
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: Human cancer is caused by the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. To catalog the genetic changes that occur during tumorigenesis, we isolated DNA from 11 breast and 11 colorectal tumors and determined the sequences of the genes in the Reference Sequence database in these samples. Based on analysis of exons representing 20,857 transcripts from 18,191 genes, we conclude that the genomic landscapes of breast and colorectal cancers are composed of a handful of commonly mutated gene "mountains" and a much larger number of gene "hills" that are mutated at low frequency. We describe statistical and bioinformatic tools that may help identify mutations with a role in tumorigenesis. These results have implications for understanding the nature and heterogeneity of human cancers and for using personal genomics for tumor diagnosis and therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wood, Laura D -- Parsons, D Williams -- Jones, Sian -- Lin, Jimmy -- Sjoblom, Tobias -- Leary, Rebecca J -- Shen, Dong -- Boca, Simina M -- Barber, Thomas -- Ptak, Janine -- Silliman, Natalie -- Szabo, Steve -- Dezso, Zoltan -- Ustyanksky, Vadim -- Nikolskaya, Tatiana -- Nikolsky, Yuri -- Karchin, Rachel -- Wilson, Paul A -- Kaminker, Joshua S -- Zhang, Zemin -- Croshaw, Randal -- Willis, Joseph -- Dawson, Dawn -- Shipitsin, Michail -- Willson, James K V -- Sukumar, Saraswati -- Polyak, Kornelia -- Park, Ben Ho -- Pethiyagoda, Charit L -- Pant, P V Krishna -- Ballinger, Dennis G -- Sparks, Andrew B -- Hartigan, James -- Smith, Douglas R -- Suh, Erick -- Papadopoulos, Nickolas -- Buckhaults, Phillip -- Markowitz, Sanford D -- Parmigiani, Giovanni -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Vogelstein, Bert -- CA 43460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA109274/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA112828/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA62924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM070219/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA43703/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RR017698/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1108-13. Epub 2007 Oct 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Neoplasm ; Databases, Genetic ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garber, Ken -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):190-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*etiology/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Brain/growth & development/pathology/physiopathology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal ; Humans ; Learning ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Memory ; Mutation ; Nerve Net/physiopathology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: Primary pneumonic plague is transmitted easily, progresses rapidly, and causes high mortality, but the mechanisms by which Yersinia pestis overwhelms the lungs are largely unknown. We show that the plasminogen activator Pla is essential for Y. pestis to cause primary pneumonic plague but is less important for dissemination during pneumonic plague than during bubonic plague. Experiments manipulating its temporal expression showed that Pla allows Y. pestis to replicate rapidly in the airways, causing a lethal fulminant pneumonia; if unexpressed, inflammation is aborted, and lung repair is activated. Inhibition of Pla expression prolonged the survival of animals with the disease, offering a therapeutic option to extend the period during which antibiotics are effective.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lathem, Wyndham W -- Price, Paul A -- Miller, Virginia L -- Goldman, William E -- AI53298/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK52574/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI069688-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- NRSA T32 GM07067/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI057160/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):509-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Cytokines/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Fibrinogen/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Lung/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Plague/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; Plasminogen/metabolism ; Plasminogen Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; Pneumonia, Bacterial/immunology/*microbiology/pathology ; Spleen/microbiology ; Tetracyclines/pharmacology ; Virulence Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Yersinia pestis/enzymology/genetics/growth & development/*pathogenicity
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: Biotin-dependent multifunctional enzymes carry out metabolically important carboxyl group transfer reactions and are potential targets for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These enzymes use a tethered biotin cofactor to carry an activated carboxyl group between distantly spaced active sites. The mechanism of this transfer has remained poorly understood. Here we report the complete structure of pyruvate carboxylase at 2.0 angstroms resolution, which shows its domain arrangement. The structure, when combined with mutagenic analysis, shows that intermediate transfer occurs between active sites on separate polypeptide chains. In addition, domain rearrangements associated with activator binding decrease the distance between active-site pairs, providing a mechanism for allosteric activation. This description provides insight into the function of biotin-dependent enzymes and presents a new paradigm for multifunctional enzyme catalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉St Maurice, Martin -- Reinhardt, Laurie -- Surinya, Kathy H -- Attwood, Paul V -- Wallace, John C -- Cleland, W Wallace -- Rayment, Ivan -- AR35186/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- GM070455/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1076-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Binding Sites ; Biotin/*metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Enzyme Activators/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Pyruvate Carboxylase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Rhizobium etli/*enzymology
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):450-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation/ethics ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Breeding ; Female ; Genome ; Housing, Animal ; Male ; *Models, Animal ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Population Dynamics ; United States
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: Multiple DNA polymerases participate in replicating the leading and lagging strands of the eukaryotic nuclear genome. Although 50 years have passed since the first DNA polymerase was discovered, the identity of the major polymerase used for leading-strand replication is uncertain. We constructed a derivative of yeast DNA polymerase epsilon that retains high replication activity but has strongly reduced replication fidelity, particularly for thymine-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate (T-dTMP) but not adenine-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate (A-dAMP) mismatches. Yeast strains with this DNA polymerase epsilon allele have elevated rates of T to A substitution mutations. The position and rate of these substitutions depend on the orientation of the mutational reporter and its location relative to origins of DNA replication and reveal a pattern indicating that DNA polymerase epsilon participates in leading-strand DNA replication.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2233713/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2233713/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pursell, Zachary F -- Isoz, Isabelle -- Lundstrom, Else-Britt -- Johansson, Erik -- Kunkel, Thomas A -- Z01 ES065070-17/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):127-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Pair Mismatch ; DNA Polymerase II/genetics/*metabolism ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Fungal/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/genetics ; Mutation ; Point Mutation ; Replication Origin ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology/genetics
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):364.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Antiporters/*genetics ; Diet ; Europe ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Mutation ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Skin Pigmentation/*genetics ; Time ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitamin D/administration & dosage
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  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):970-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510336" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Bacteria/isolation & purification ; *Bees/microbiology/parasitology/physiology ; Climate ; Diet ; Fungi/isolation & purification ; Mites ; Pesticides ; Population Dynamics ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture ; Viruses/isolation & purification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is an abundant primate species that diverged from the ancestors of Homo sapiens about 25 million years ago. Because they are genetically and physiologically similar to humans, rhesus monkeys are the most widely used nonhuman primate in basic and applied biomedical research. We determined the genome sequence of an Indian-origin Macaca mulatta female and compared the data with chimpanzees and humans to reveal the structure of ancestral primate genomes and to identify evidence for positive selection and lineage-specific expansions and contractions of gene families. A comparison of sequences from individual animals was used to investigate their underlying genetic diversity. The complete description of the macaque genome blueprint enhances the utility of this animal model for biomedical research and improves our understanding of the basic biology of the species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rhesus Macaque Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Rogers, Jeffrey -- Katze, Michael G -- Bumgarner, Roger -- Weinstock, George M -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Remington, Karin A -- Strausberg, Robert L -- Venter, J Craig -- Wilson, Richard K -- Batzer, Mark A -- Bustamante, Carlos D -- Eichler, Evan E -- Hahn, Matthew W -- Hardison, Ross C -- Makova, Kateryna D -- Miller, Webb -- Milosavljevic, Aleksandar -- Palermo, Robert E -- Siepel, Adam -- Sikela, James M -- Attaway, Tony -- Bell, Stephanie -- Bernard, Kelly E -- Buhay, Christian J -- Chandrabose, Mimi N -- Dao, Marvin -- Davis, Clay -- Delehaunty, Kimberly D -- Ding, Yan -- Dinh, Huyen H -- Dugan-Rocha, Shannon -- Fulton, Lucinda A -- Gabisi, Ramatu Ayiesha -- Garner, Toni T -- Godfrey, Jennifer -- Hawes, Alicia C -- Hernandez, Judith -- Hines, Sandra -- Holder, Michael -- Hume, Jennifer -- Jhangiani, Shalini N -- Joshi, Vandita -- Khan, Ziad Mohid -- Kirkness, Ewen F -- Cree, Andrew -- Fowler, R Gerald -- Lee, Sandra -- Lewis, Lora R -- Li, Zhangwan -- Liu, Yih-Shin -- Moore, Stephanie M -- Muzny, Donna -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Ngo, Dinh Ngoc -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey O -- Pai, Grace -- Parker, David -- Paul, Heidie A -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia -- Pohl, Craig S -- Rogers, Yu-Hui -- Ruiz, San Juana -- Sabo, Aniko -- Santibanez, Jireh -- Schneider, Brian W -- Smith, Scott M -- Sodergren, Erica -- Svatek, Amanda F -- Utterback, Teresa R -- Vattathil, Selina -- Warren, Wesley -- White, Courtney Sherell -- Chinwalla, Asif T -- Feng, Yucheng -- Halpern, Aaron L -- Hillier, Ladeana W -- Huang, Xiaoqiu -- Minx, Pat -- Nelson, Joanne O -- Pepin, Kymberlie H -- Qin, Xiang -- Sutton, Granger G -- Venter, Eli -- Walenz, Brian P -- Wallis, John W -- Worley, Kim C -- Yang, Shiaw-Pyng -- Jones, Steven M -- Marra, Marco A -- Rocchi, Mariano -- Schein, Jacqueline E -- Baertsch, Robert -- Clarke, Laura -- Csuros, Miklos -- Glasscock, Jarret -- Harris, R Alan -- Havlak, Paul -- Jackson, Andrew R -- Jiang, Huaiyang -- Liu, Yue -- Messina, David N -- Shen, Yufeng -- Song, Henry Xing-Zhi -- Wylie, Todd -- Zhang, Lan -- Birney, Ewan -- Han, Kyudong -- Konkel, Miriam K -- Lee, Jungnam -- Smit, Arian F A -- Ullmer, Brygg -- Wang, Hui -- Xing, Jinchuan -- Burhans, Richard -- Cheng, Ze -- Karro, John E -- Ma, Jian -- Raney, Brian -- She, Xinwei -- Cox, Michael J -- Demuth, Jeffery P -- Dumas, Laura J -- Han, Sang-Gook -- Hopkins, Janet -- Karimpour-Fard, Anis -- Kim, Young H -- Pollack, Jonathan R -- Vinar, Tomas -- Addo-Quaye, Charles -- Degenhardt, Jeremiah -- Denby, Alexandra -- Hubisz, Melissa J -- Indap, Amit -- Kosiol, Carolin -- Lahn, Bruce T -- Lawson, Heather A -- Marklein, Alison -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Vallender, Eric J -- Clark, Andrew G -- Ferguson, Betsy -- Hernandez, Ryan D -- Hirani, Kashif -- Kehrer-Sawatzki, Hildegard -- Kolb, Jessica -- Patil, Shobha -- Pu, Ling-Ling -- Ren, Yanru -- Smith, David Glenn -- Wheeler, David A -- Schenck, Ian -- Ball, Edward V -- Chen, Rui -- Cooper, David N -- Giardine, Belinda -- Hsu, Fan -- Kent, W James -- Lesk, Arthur -- Nelson, David L -- O'brien, William E -- Prufer, Kay -- Stenson, Peter D -- Wallace, James C -- Ke, Hui -- Liu, Xiao-Ming -- Wang, Peng -- Xiang, Andy Peng -- Yang, Fan -- Barber, Galt P -- Haussler, David -- Karolchik, Donna -- Kern, Andy D -- Kuhn, Robert M -- Smith, Kayla E -- Zwieg, Ann S -- 062023/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003068/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):222-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. agibbs@bcm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Rearrangement ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta/*genetics ; Male ; Multigene Family ; Mutation ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: Escape from T cell-mediated immune responses affects the ongoing evolution of rapidly evolving viruses such as HIV. By applying statistical approaches that account for phylogenetic relationships among viral sequences, we show that viral lineage effects rather than immune escape often explain apparent human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mediated immune-escape mutations defined by older analysis methods. Phylogenetically informed methods identified immune-susceptible locations with greatly improved accuracy, and the associations we identified with these methods were experimentally validated. This approach has practical implications for understanding the impact of host immunity on pathogen evolution and for defining relevant variants for inclusion in vaccine antigens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharya, Tanmoy -- Daniels, Marcus -- Heckerman, David -- Foley, Brian -- Frahm, Nicole -- Kadie, Carl -- Carlson, Jonathan -- Yusim, Karina -- McMahon, Ben -- Gaschen, Brian -- Mallal, Simon -- Mullins, James I -- Nickle, David C -- Herbeck, Joshua -- Rousseau, Christine -- Learn, Gerald H -- Miura, Toshiyuki -- Brander, Christian -- Walker, Bruce -- Korber, Bette -- AI27757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI57005/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1583-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Antigen Presentation ; Epitopes ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Founder Effect ; Genes, MHC Class I ; Genes, Viral ; HIV Infections/immunology/*virology ; HIV-1/classification/*genetics/*immunology ; HLA Antigens/*genetics/immunology ; HLA-C Antigens/genetics ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Likelihood Functions ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, Julie K -- Gerber, Leah R -- D'Agrosa, Caterina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1790-1; author reply 1790-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Buffaloes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Disasters ; *Elephants ; *Law Enforcement ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Tanzania
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  • 38
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reitz, Stuart R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1733-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA. stuart.reitz@ars.usda.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Australia ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Hemiptera/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: Leguminous plants (such as peas and soybeans) and rhizobial soil bacteria are symbiotic partners that communicate through molecular signaling pathways, resulting in the formation of nodules on legume roots and occasionally stems that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Nodule formation has been assumed to be exclusively initiated by the binding of bacterial, host-specific lipochito-oligosaccharidic Nod factors, encoded by the nodABC genes, to kinase-like receptors of the plant. Here we show by complete genome sequencing of two symbiotic, photosynthetic, Bradyrhizobium strains, BTAi1 and ORS278, that canonical nodABC genes and typical lipochito-oligosaccharidic Nod factors are not required for symbiosis in some legumes. Mutational analyses indicated that these unique rhizobia use an alternative pathway to initiate symbioses, where a purine derivative may play a key role in triggering nodule formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giraud, Eric -- Moulin, Lionel -- Vallenet, David -- Barbe, Valerie -- Cytryn, Eddie -- Avarre, Jean-Christophe -- Jaubert, Marianne -- Simon, Damien -- Cartieaux, Fabienne -- Prin, Yves -- Bena, Gilles -- Hannibal, Laure -- Fardoux, Joel -- Kojadinovic, Mila -- Vuillet, Laurie -- Lajus, Aurelie -- Cruveiller, Stephane -- Rouy, Zoe -- Mangenot, Sophie -- Segurens, Beatrice -- Dossat, Carole -- Franck, William L -- Chang, Woo-Suk -- Saunders, Elizabeth -- Bruce, David -- Richardson, Paul -- Normand, Philippe -- Dreyfus, Bernard -- Pignol, David -- Stacey, Gary -- Emerich, David -- Vermeglio, Andre -- Medigue, Claudine -- Sadowsky, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1307-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Centre de Cooperation International en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Universite Montpellier 2, France. giraud@mpl.ird.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Amidohydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Bradyrhizobium/*genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Cytokinins/metabolism ; Fabaceae/*microbiology ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Plant Stems/*microbiology ; Purines/biosynthesis ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; *Symbiosis
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: The "segmentation clock" is thought to coordinate sequential segmentation of the body axis in vertebrate embryos. This clock comprises a multicellular genetic network of synchronized oscillators, coupled by intercellular Delta-Notch signaling. How this synchrony is established and how its loss determines the position of segmentation defects in Delta and Notch mutants are unknown. We analyzed the clock's synchrony dynamics by varying strength and timing of Notch coupling in zebra-fish embryos with techniques for quantitative perturbation of gene function. We developed a physical theory based on coupled phase oscillators explaining the observed onset and rescue of segmentation defects, the clock's robustness against developmental noise, and a critical point beyond which synchrony decays. We conclude that synchrony among these genetic oscillators can be established by simultaneous initiation and self-organization and that the segmentation defect position is determined by the difference between coupling strength and noise.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Riedel-Kruse, Ingmar H -- Muller, Claudia -- Oates, Andrew C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1911-5. Epub 2007 Aug 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. ingmar@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Clocks/*genetics/physiology ; *Body Patterning/genetics ; Dipeptides/pharmacology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; *Embryonic Development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mathematics ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mesoderm/physiology ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; RNA Stability ; Receptor, Notch1/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Somites/physiology ; Zebrafish/*embryology/genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2007-07-14
    Description: Sister-chromatid cohesion, established during replication by the protein complex cohesin, is essential for both chromosome segregation and double-strand break (DSB) repair. Normally, cohesion formation is strictly limited to the S phase of the cell cycle, but DSBs can trigger cohesion also after DNA replication has been completed. The function of this damage-induced cohesion remains unknown. In this investigation, we show that damage-induced cohesion is essential for repair in postreplicative cells in yeast. Furthermore, it is established genome-wide after induction of a single DSB, and it is controlled by the DNA damage response and cohesin-regulating factors. We thus define a cohesion establishment pathway that is independent of DNA duplication and acts together with cohesion formed during replication in sister chromatid-based DSB repair.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strom, Lena -- Karlsson, Charlotte -- Lindroos, Hanna Betts -- Wedahl, Sara -- Katou, Yuki -- Shirahige, Katsuhiko -- Sjogren, Camilla -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):242-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Division ; Chromatids/*physiology ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; *DNA Repair ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Fungal/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; G2 Phase ; Genome, Fungal ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: Acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 (H3-K56) occurs in S phase, and cells lacking H3-K56 acetylation are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. However, the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that catalyzes global H3-K56 acetylation has not been found. Here we show that regulation of Ty1 transposition gene product 109 (Rtt109) is an H3-K56 HAT. Cells lacking Rtt109 or expressing rtt109 mutants with alterations at a conserved aspartate residue lose H3-K56 acetylation and exhibit increased sensitivity toward genotoxic agents, as well as elevated levels of spontaneous chromosome breaks. Thus, Rtt109, which shares no sequence homology with any other known HATs, is a unique HAT that acetylates H3-K56.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Han, Junhong -- Zhou, Hui -- Horazdovsky, Bruce -- Zhang, Kangling -- Xu, Rui-Ming -- Zhang, Zhiguo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):653-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Camptothecin/pharmacology ; Catalytic Domain ; Chromosome Breakage ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Replication ; Histone Acetyltransferases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Histones/*metabolism ; Hydroxyurea/pharmacology ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Methyl Methanesulfonate/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutagens/pharmacology ; Mutation ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; S Phase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2007-07-14
    Description: Changes in protein-protein interactions may allow polypeptides to perform unexpected regulatory functions. Mammalian ShcA docking proteins have amino-terminal phosphotyrosine (pTyr) binding (PTB) and carboxyl-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domains, which recognize specific pTyr sites on activated receptors, and a central region with two phosphorylated tyrosine-X-asparagine (pYXN) motifs (where X represents any amino acid) that each bind the growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) adaptor. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that ShcA may signal through both pYXN-dependent and -independent pathways. We show that, in mice, cardiomyocyte-expressed ShcA directs mid-gestational heart development by a PTB-dependent mechanism that does not require the pYXN motifs. In contrast, the pYXN motifs are required with PTB and SH2 domains in the same ShcA molecule for the formation of muscle spindles, skeletal muscle sensory organs that regulate motor behavior. Thus, combinatorial differences in ShcA docking interactions may yield multiple signaling mechanisms to support diversity in tissue morphogenesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2575375/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2575375/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hardy, W Rod -- Li, Lingying -- Wang, Zhi -- Sedy, Jiri -- Fawcett, James -- Frank, Eric -- Kucera, Jan -- Pawson, Tony -- R01 NS024373/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS024373-18/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS024373-19/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS024373-20/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):251-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Ataxia ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Heart/*embryology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Morphogenesis ; Motor Activity ; Muscle Spindles/*embryology ; Muscle, Skeletal/*embryology/metabolism ; Mutation ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; src Homology Domains
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: Conservation of the planet's biodiversity will depend on international policy intervention, yet evidence-based assessment of the success of such intervention is lacking. Poor understanding of the effectiveness of international policy instruments exposes them to criticism or abandonment and reduces opportunities to improve them. Comparative analyses of population trends provide strong evidence for a positive impact of one such instrument, the European Union's Birds Directive, and we identify positive associations between the rate of provision of certain conservation measures through the directive and the response of bird populations. The results suggest that supranational conservation policy can bring measurable conservation benefits, although future assessments will require the setting of quantitative objectives and an increase in the availability of data from monitoring schemes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donald, Paul F -- Sanderson, Fiona J -- Burfield, Ian J -- Bierman, Stijn M -- Gregory, Richard D -- Waliczky, Zoltan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):810-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK. paul.donald@rspb.org.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; Ecosystem ; Europe ; European Union ; *International Cooperation ; Population Dynamics ; Public Policy
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: Nearly half of the mammalian genome is composed of repeated sequences. In Drosophila, Piwi proteins exert control over transposons. However, mammalian Piwi proteins, MIWI and MILI, partner with Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that are depleted of repeat sequences, which raises questions about a role for mammalian Piwi's in transposon control. A search for murine small RNAs that might program Piwi proteins for transposon suppression revealed developmentally regulated piRNA loci, some of which resemble transposon master control loci of Drosophila. We also find evidence of an adaptive amplification loop in which MILI catalyzes the formation of piRNA 5' ends. Mili mutants derepress LINE-1 (L1) and intracisternal A particle and lose DNA methylation of L1 elements, demonstrating an evolutionarily conserved role for PIWI proteins in transposon suppression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aravin, Alexei A -- Sachidanandam, Ravi -- Girard, Angelique -- Fejes-Toth, Katalin -- Hannon, Gregory J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):744-7. Epub 2007 Apr 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Argonaute Proteins ; Cluster Analysis ; Computational Biology ; DNA Methylation ; Genes, Intracisternal A-Particle ; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements ; Male ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Mutation ; Proteins/*metabolism ; RNA, Antisense/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics/metabolism ; *Retroelements ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements ; Spermatocytes/cytology/*metabolism ; Spermatogenesis ; *Suppression, Genetic
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2007-06-30
    Description: Diapause is a protective response to unfavorable environments that results in a suspension of insect development and is most often associated with the onset of winter. The ls-tim mutation in the Drosophila melanogaster clock gene timeless has spread in Europe over the past 10,000 years, possibly because it enhances diapause. We show that the mutant allele attenuates the photosensitivity of the circadian clock and causes decreased dimerization of the mutant TIMELESS protein isoform to CRYPTOCHROME, the circadian photoreceptor. This interaction results in a more stable TIMELESS product. These findings reveal a molecular link between diapause and circadian photoreception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sandrelli, Federica -- Tauber, Eran -- Pegoraro, Mirko -- Mazzotta, Gabriella -- Cisotto, Paola -- Landskron, Johannes -- Stanewsky, Ralf -- Piccin, Alberto -- Rosato, Ezio -- Zordan, Mauro -- Costa, Rodolfo -- Kyriacou, Charalambos P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1898-900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Climate ; Cryptochromes ; Dimerization ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Europe ; Female ; Flavoproteins/*metabolism ; Light ; Motor Activity ; Mutation ; *Photoperiod ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Seasons ; *Selection, Genetic ; Temperature ; Transgenes ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
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  • 47
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Downie, J Allan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1296-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK. allan.downie@bbsrc.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Bradyrhizobium/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Cytokinins/metabolism ; Fabaceae/*microbiology ; Genes, Bacterial ; Mutation ; N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Roots/microbiology ; Plant Stems/microbiology ; Purines/biosynthesis ; Root Nodules, Plant/microbiology/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; *Symbiosis
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oldroyd, Giles E D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):52-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK. giles.oldroyd@bbsrc.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Cytokinins/*metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism ; Lotus/cytology/metabolism/*microbiology/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Plant Epidermis/cytology/metabolism ; Plant Roots/cytology/microbiology ; Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/metabolism ; Rhizobiaceae/physiology ; Root Nodules, Plant/cytology/*growth & development/microbiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Symbiosis ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2007-06-30
    Description: HIV-1 integrates into the host chromosome and persists as a provirus flanked by long terminal repeats (LTRs). To date, treatment regimens primarily target the virus enzymes or virus-cell fusion, but not the integrated provirus. We report here the substrate-linked protein evolution of a tailored recombinase that recognizes an asymmetric sequence within an HIV-1 LTR. This evolved recombinase efficiently excised integrated HIV proviral DNA from the genome of infected cells. Although a long way from use in the clinic, we speculate that this type of technology might be adapted in future antiretroviral therapies, among other possible uses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sarkar, Indrani -- Hauber, Ilona -- Hauber, Joachim -- Buchholz, Frank -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1912-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; DNA Shuffling ; DNA, Viral/*metabolism ; *Directed Molecular Evolution ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Library ; Genome, Human ; *HIV Long Terminal Repeat ; HIV-1/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Integrases/*genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Proviruses/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Virus Integration
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: We describe a sensitive mRNA profiling technology, PMAGE (for "polony multiplex analysis of gene expression"), which detects messenger RNAs (mRNAs) as rare as one transcript per three cells. PMAGE incorporates an improved ligation-based method to sequence 14-nucleotide tags derived from individual mRNA molecules. One sequence tag from each mRNA molecule is amplified onto a separate 1-micrometer bead, denoted as a polymerase colony or polony, and about 5 million polonies are arrayed in a flow cell for parallel sequencing. Using PMAGE, we identified early transcriptional changes that preceded pathological manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice carrying a disease-causing mutation. PMAGE provided a comprehensive profile of cardiac mRNAs, including low-abundance mRNAs encoding signaling molecules and transcription factors that are likely to participate in disease pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jae Bum -- Porreca, Gregory J -- Song, Lei -- Greenway, Steven C -- Gorham, Joshua M -- Church, George M -- Seidman, Christine E -- Seidman, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1481-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; DNA, Complementary ; Fibrosis/genetics/pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling/*methods ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Library ; Heart Ventricles/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Ventricular Myosins/genetics
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: Posttranslational modifications of the histone octamer play important roles in regulating responses to DNA damage. Here, we reveal that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rtt109p promotes genome stability and resistance to DNA-damaging agents, and that it does this by functionally cooperating with the histone chaperone Asf1p to maintain normal chromatin structure. Furthermore, we show that, as for Asf1p, Rtt109p is required for histone H3 acetylation on lysine 56 (K56) in vivo. Moreover, we show that Rtt109p directly catalyzes this modification in vitro in a manner that is stimulated by Asf1p. These data establish Rtt109p as a member of a new class of histone acetyltransferases and show that its actions are critical for cell survival in the presence of DNA damage during S phase.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3334813/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3334813/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Driscoll, Robert -- Hudson, Amanda -- Jackson, Stephen P -- A5290/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- BBS/S/D/2004/12546/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):649-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust and Cancer Research U.K. Gurdon Institute and the Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Fungal/genetics ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Damage ; *Genome, Fungal ; *Genomic Instability ; Histone Acetyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism ; Histones/*metabolism ; Lysine/*metabolism ; Molecular Chaperones ; Mutation ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; S Phase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/*genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sauer, Uwe -- Heinemann, Matthias -- Zamboni, Nicola -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):550-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland. sauer@ethz.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17463274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Computational Biology ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Mutation ; *Proteome ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Systems Biology/*methods ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):448.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Asia/epidemiology ; Birds ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/*veterinary ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; Humans ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects/genetics ; Influenza in Birds/*epidemiology/prevention & control/virology ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/mortality/virology ; Mutation ; Oseltamivir/pharmacology ; Poultry ; Seasons
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2007-06-30
    Description: Wheat was domesticated about 10,000 years ago and has since spread worldwide to become one of the major crops. Its adaptability to diverse environments and end uses is surprising given the diversity bottlenecks expected from recent domestication and polyploid speciation events. Wheat compensates for these bottlenecks by capturing part of the genetic diversity of its progenitors and by generating new diversity at a relatively fast pace. Frequent gene deletions and disruptions generated by a fast replacement rate of repetitive sequences are buffered by the polyploid nature of wheat, resulting in subtle dosage effects on which selection can operate.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737438/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737438/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dubcovsky, Jorge -- Dvorak, Jan -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1862-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jdubcovsky@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics/growth & development ; DNA, Intergenic ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Plant ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; *Polyploidy ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Triticum/*genetics/growth & development
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: Integral beta-barrel proteins are found in the outer membranes of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and Gram-negative bacteria. The machine that assembles these proteins contains an integral membrane protein, called YaeT in Escherichia coli, which has one or more polypeptide transport-associated (POTRA) domains. The crystal structure of a periplasmic fragment of YaeT reveals the POTRA domain fold and suggests a model for how POTRA domains can bind different peptide sequences, as required for a machine that handles numerous beta-barrel protein precursors. Analysis of POTRA domain deletions shows which are essential and provides a view of the spatial organization of this assembly machine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Seokhee -- Malinverni, Juliana C -- Sliz, Piotr -- Silhavy, Thomas J -- Harrison, Stephen C -- Kahne, Daniel -- GM34821/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM66174/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):961-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Escherichia coli/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lipoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Stuart K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):603-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5329, USA. kim@cmgm.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Helminth ; Longevity/*physiology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Models, Animal ; Mutation ; RNA Interference ; Receptor, Insulin/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nusse, Roel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):988-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5323, USA. rnusse@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein/metabolism ; Axin Protein ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genes, Wilms Tumor ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Mutation ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Wilms Tumor/*genetics/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism ; beta Catenin/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: A paradigm shift is occurring in the field of primary immunodeficiencies, with revision of the definition of these conditions and a considerable expansion of their limits. Inborn errors of immunity were initially thought to be confined to a few rare, familial, monogenic, recessive traits impairing the development or function of one or several leukocyte subsets and resulting in multiple, recurrent, opportunistic, and fatal infections in infancy. A growing number of exceptions to each of these conventional qualifications have gradually accumulated. It now appears that most individuals suffer from at least one of a multitude of primary immunodeficiencies, the dissection of which is helping to improve human medicine while describing immunity in natura.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- Abel, Laurent -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):617-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U550, Paris, France. casanova@necker.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Child ; Disease Susceptibility ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Immune System/*physiopathology ; Immunity, Active ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*genetics/*immunology ; Infant ; Infection/etiology/*immunology ; Mutation ; Phenotype
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: Although scores of experiments have examined the ecological consequences of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops, debates continue regarding the nontarget impacts of this technology. Quantitative reviews of existing studies are crucial for better gauging risks and improving future risk assessments. To encourage evidence-based risk analyses, we constructed a searchable database for nontarget effects of Bt crops. A meta-analysis of 42 field experiments indicates that nontarget invertebrates are generally more abundant in Bt cotton and Bt maize fields than in nontransgenic fields managed with insecticides. However, in comparison with insecticide-free control fields, certain nontarget taxa are less abundant in Bt fields.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marvier, Michelle -- McCreedy, Chanel -- Regetz, James -- Kareiva, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1475-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Studies Institute, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA. mmarvier@scu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556584" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Arthropods ; Bacillus thuringiensis/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/*genetics ; Bacterial Toxins/*genetics ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics/growth & development ; Databases, Factual ; Endotoxins/*genetics ; Gossypium/*genetics/growth & development ; Hemolysin Proteins/*genetics ; Insecticides ; Insects ; Pest Control, Biological ; *Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development ; Population Dynamics ; Zea mays/*genetics
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pala, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1719.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Food Chain ; Pacific Islands ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: Although there is much behavioral evidence for complex brain functions in insects, it is not known whether insects have selective attention. In humans, selective attention is a dynamic process restricting perception to a succession of salient stimuli, while less relevant competing stimuli are suppressed. Local field potential recordings in the brains of flies responding to visual novelty revealed attention-like processes with stereotypical temporal properties. These processes were modulated by genes involved in short-term memory formation, namely dunce and rutabaga. Attention defects in these mutants were associated with distinct optomotor effects in behavioral assays.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Swinderen, Bruno -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1590-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurosciences Institute, 10640 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. van@nsi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363675" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/*genetics/metabolism ; Adenylyl Cyclases/*genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Attention ; Brain/physiology ; Drosophila/*genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Electrophysiology ; *Genes, Insect ; Memory, Short-Term ; Motion Perception ; Mutation ; Photic Stimulation ; Vision, Ocular
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheke, Robert A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):577-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK. r.a.cheke@greenwich.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Climate ; Disasters ; *Ecology ; Europe ; *Grasshoppers/physiology ; Greenhouse Effect ; *Larix ; *Moths/physiology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Rain ; Time Factors
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1211-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; *Genes, p53 ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Imidazolines/therapeutic use ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/metabolism ; Pyrimidines/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: In plants, the mobile signal for systemic acquired resistance (SAR), an organism-wide state of enhanced defense to subsequent infections, has been elusive. By stimulating immune responses in mosaic tobacco plants created by grafting different genetic backgrounds, we showed that the methyl salicylate (MeSA) esterase activity of salicylic acid-binding protein 2 (SABP2), which converts MeSA into salicylic acid (SA), is required for SAR signal perception in systemic tissue, the tissue that does not receive the primary (initial) infection. Moreover, in plants expressing mutant SABP2 with unregulated MeSA esterase activity in SAR signal-generating, primary infected leaves, SAR was compromised and the associated increase in MeSA levels was suppressed in primary infected leaves, their phloem exudates, and systemic leaves. SAR was also blocked when SA methyl transferase (which converts SA to MeSA) was silenced in primary infected leaves, and MeSA treatment of lower leaves induced SAR in upper untreated leaves. Therefore, we conclude that MeSA is a SAR signal in tobacco.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, Sang-Wook -- Kaimoyo, Evans -- Kumar, Dhirendra -- Mosher, Stephen -- Klessig, Daniel F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):113-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Esterases/genetics/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; Kinetics ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; Phloem/metabolism ; Plant Diseases/*immunology/virology ; Plant Leaves/metabolism/virology ; Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Salicylates/*metabolism ; Salicylic Acid/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Tobacco/immunology/*metabolism/virology ; Tobacco Mosaic Virus/*physiology ; Virus Replication
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCauley, Douglas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):200-1; author reply 200-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sharks ; *Tuna
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Tobias -- Overgaard, Johannes -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):49-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark. tobias.wang@biology.au.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; Aerobiosis ; Animals ; Cardiac Output ; *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Heart/*physiology ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis/blood/*metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Perciformes/*physiology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; Seawater/chemistry ; Temperature
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) negatively regulate partially complementary target messenger RNAs. Target selection in animals is dictated primarily by sequences at the miRNA 5' end. We demonstrated that despite their small size, specific miRNAs contain additional sequence elements that control their posttranscriptional behavior, including their subcellular localization. We showed that human miR-29b, in contrast to other studied animal miRNAs, is predominantly localized to the nucleus. The distinctive hexanucleotide terminal motif of miR-29b acts as a transferable nuclear localization element that directs nuclear enrichment of miRNAs or small interfering RNAs to which it is attached. Our results indicate that miRNAs sharing common 5' sequences, considered to be largely redundant, might have distinct functions because of the influence of cis-acting regulatory motifs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hwang, Hun-Way -- Wentzel, Erik A -- Mendell, Joshua T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):97-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204650" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Mitosis ; Mutation ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Oligoribonucleotides/chemistry/*metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ribonuclease III/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 68
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fishes ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; South Africa ; *Spheniscidae
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: As compared with extensive contiguous areas, small isolated habitat patches lack many species. Some species disappear after isolation; others are rarely found in any small patch, regardless of isolation. We used a 13-year data set of bird captures from a large landscape-manipulation experiment in a Brazilian Amazon forest to model the extinction-colonization dynamics of 55 species and tested basic predictions of island biogeography and metapopulation theory. From our models, we derived two metrics of species vulnerability to changes in isolation and patch area. We found a strong effect of area and a variable effect of isolation on the predicted patch occupancy by birds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferraz, Goncalo -- Nichols, James D -- Hines, James E -- Stouffer, Philip C -- Bierregaard, Richard O Jr -- Lovejoy, Thomas E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):238-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, 69011 Manaus AM, Brazil. gferraz@inpa.gov.br〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Brazil ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Population Dynamics ; *Trees/growth & development
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 5;315(5808):33-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17204619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/immunology ; Crohn Disease/genetics/immunology/microbiology ; Flagellin/immunology ; Humans ; *Immunity, Innate ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy/genetics/*immunology/microbiology ; Interleukin-17/biosynthesis/immunology ; Interleukin-23/*immunology ; Intestines/immunology/microbiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein/genetics/physiology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 5/genetics/physiology
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: Worm et al. (Research Articles, 3 November 2006, p. 787) investigated the importance of biodiversity to marine ecosystem services across temporal and spatial scales. In projecting the extent of future fisheries collapse, we argue that the authors inappropriately extrapolated beyond their available observations and used data on marine reserves and fishery closures that are not representative of global fisheries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holker, Franz -- Beare, Doug -- Dorner, Hendrik -- di Natale, Antonio -- Ratz, Hans-Joachim -- Temming, Axel -- Casey, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1285; author reply 1285.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen, Agriculture and Fisheries Unit, TP 051, 21020, Italy. franz.hoelker@jrc.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Forecasting ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: The adapter protein ADAP regulates T lymphocyte adhesion and activation. We present evidence for a previously unrecognized function for ADAP in regulating T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Stimulation of ADAP-deficient mouse T cells with antibodies to CD3 and CD28 resulted in impaired nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, a reduced DNA binding, and delayed degradation and decreased phosphorylation of IkappaB (inhibitor of NF-kappaB). TCR-stimulated assembly of the CARMA1-BCL-10-MALT1 complex was substantially impaired in the absence of ADAP. We further identified a region of ADAP that is required for association with the CARMA1 adapter and NF-kappaB activation but is not required for ADAP-dependent regulation of adhesion. These findings provide new insights into ADAP function and the mechanism by which CARMA1 regulates NF-kappaB activation in T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Medeiros, Ricardo B -- Burbach, Brandon J -- Mueller, Kristen L -- Srivastava, Rupa -- Moon, James J -- Highfill, Sarah -- Peterson, Erik J -- Shimizu, Yoji -- F32 AI063793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32 AI063793-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F32AI063793/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI038474/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI056016/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32DE007288/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 4;316(5825):754-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Antigens, CD28/immunology ; Antigens, CD3/immunology ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/*metabolism ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/*metabolism ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Jurkat Cells ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/*metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA/*metabolism
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):442-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; *Fresh Water ; Population Dynamics ; *Rivers ; *Salmoniformes ; Water Supply
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Central/epidemiology ; Animals ; Ape Diseases/*epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control/*veterinary ; Ebola Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Extinction, Biological ; *Gorilla gorilla ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/mortality/prevention & control/*veterinary ; Population Dynamics
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important environmental cue for many organisms but is odorless to humans. It remains unclear whether the mammalian olfactory system can detect CO2 at concentrations around the average atmospheric level (0.038%). We demonstrated the expression of carbonic anhydrase type II (CAII), an enzyme that catabolizes CO2, in a subset of mouse olfactory neurons that express guanylyl cyclase D (GC-D+ neurons) and project axons to necklace glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. Exposure to CO2 activated these GC-D+ neurons, and exposure of a mouse to CO2 activated bulbar neurons associated with necklace glomeruli. Behavioral tests revealed CO2 detection thresholds of approximately 0.066%, and this sensitive CO2 detection required CAII activity. We conclude that mice detect CO2 at near-atmospheric concentrations through the olfactory subsystem of GC-D+ neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, Ji -- Zhong, Chun -- Ding, Cheng -- Chi, Qiuyi -- Walz, Andreas -- Mombaerts, Peter -- Matsunami, Hiroaki -- Luo, Minmin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):953-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbon Dioxide/administration & dosage/*analysis/metabolism ; Carbonic Anhydrase II/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2 ; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism ; Ion Channels/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Neurons/*physiology ; Odors ; Olfactory Bulb/cytology/enzymology/*physiology ; Olfactory Mucosa/cytology/enzymology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/enzymology/*physiology ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: Root hairs and rhizoids are cells with rooting functions in land plants. We describe two basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that control root hair development in the sporophyte (2n) of the angiosperm Arabidopsis thaliana and rhizoid development in the gametophytes (n) of the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens. The phylogeny of land plants supports the hypothesis that early land plants were bryophyte-like and possessed a dominant gametophyte and later the sporophyte rose to dominance. If this hypothesis is correct, our data suggest that the increase in morphological complexity of the sporophyte body in the Paleozoic resulted at least in part from the recruitment of regulatory genes from gametophyte to sporophyte.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Menand, Benoit -- Yi, Keke -- Jouannic, Stefan -- Hoffmann, Laurent -- Ryan, Eoin -- Linstead, Paul -- Schaefer, Didier G -- Dolan, Liam -- BBS/E/J/0000A218/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1477-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR47UH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556585" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Bryopsida/cytology/genetics/growth & development/*physiology ; Diploidy ; Genes, Plant ; Haploidy ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Plant Epidermis/cytology/physiology ; Plant Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Plant Roots/*cytology/growth & development ; Plants, Genetically Modified
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinert, Ted -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 9;315(5817):1374-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. tweinert@email.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosome Segregation ; Chromosomes, Fungal/*genetics/metabolism ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; DNA, Ribosomal/*genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Fungal ; *Mitosis ; Mutation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*cytology/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fortini, Mark E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1800-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. fortini@ncifcrf.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Anticipation, Genetic ; CREB-Binding Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Repair ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/metabolism ; *Genomic Instability ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Mutation ; Nervous System Diseases/genetics ; Peptides/chemistry ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transgenes ; *Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion ; *Trinucleotide Repeats
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: Rather than benefiting wild fish, industrial aquaculture may contribute to declines in ocean fisheries and ecosystems. Farm salmon are commonly infected with salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), which are native ectoparasitic copepods. We show that recurrent louse infestations of wild juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), all associated with salmon farms, have depressed wild pink salmon populations and placed them on a trajectory toward rapid local extinction. The louse-induced mortality of pink salmon is commonly over 80% and exceeds previous fishing mortality. If outbreaks continue, then local extinction is certain, and a 99% collapse in pink salmon population abundance is expected in four salmon generations. These results suggest that salmon farms can cause parasite outbreaks that erode the capacity of a coastal ecosystem to support wild salmon populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krkosek, Martin -- Ford, Jennifer S -- Morton, Alexandra -- Lele, Subhash -- Myers, Ransom A -- Lewis, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1772-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Mathematical Biology, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. mkrkosek@ualberta.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; British Columbia/epidemiology ; *Copepoda ; Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data/veterinary ; Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology/mortality/*veterinary ; Extinction, Biological ; Fish Diseases/*epidemiology/mortality ; *Fisheries ; Linear Models ; Models, Statistical ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmon/parasitology
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2007-06-02
    Description: Worm et al. (Research Articles, 3 November 2006, p. 787) used a power relation to predict a global collapse of fisheries by the year 2048. However, a linear regression of the data for the past 40 years yields an excellent fit, with a predicted date of collapse of 2114. Thus, long-term projections of fisheries collapse are highly dependent on the specific statistical model used.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaenike, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 1;316(5829):1285; author reply 1285.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0211, USA. joja@mail.rochester.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Forecasting ; Linear Models ; Models, Statistical ; Population Dynamics ; Regression Analysis
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benton, Tim G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):341-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. t.g.benton@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Great Britain ; Models, Statistical ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Risk Assessment
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: Many top-predator fish stocks in both freshwater and marine systems have collapsed as a result of overharvesting. Consequently, some of these communities have shifted into seemingly irreversible new states. We showed, for predators feeding on prey that exhibit food-dependent growth, that culling of fish prey may promote predator recovery. We removed old stunted individuals of a prey-fish species in a large, low-productive lake, which caused an increase in the availability of small-sized prey and allowed the predator to recover. The shift in community state has been sustained for more than 15 years after the cull ended and represents an experimental demonstration of an alternative stable state in a large-scale field system. Because most animals exhibit food-dependent growth, shifts into alternative stable states resulting from overcompensating prey growth may be common in nature and may require counterintuitive management strategies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Persson, Lennart -- Amundsen, Per-Arne -- De Roos, Andre M -- Klemetsen, Anders -- Knudsen, Rune -- Primicerio, Raul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1743-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umea University, S-901 87 Umea, Sweden. lennart.persson@emg.umu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Size ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*physiology ; Food Chain ; Fresh Water ; Norway ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior ; Salmon/physiology ; Trout/physiology
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  • 83
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1158.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):749.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; *Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/*genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Rett Syndrome/*genetics/*therapy
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2007-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 18;316(5827):978-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Archaeology ; *Civilization ; *Climate ; Crops, Agricultural ; *Ethnic Groups ; Humans ; India ; Pakistan ; Population Dynamics ; Rain
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2007-12-01
    Description: The past decade has seen a complete rethinking of the traditional view of the nuclear envelope as simply a passive enclosure for the chromosomes. The convergence of several lines of clinical and basic research has revealed additional roles in both signaling and mitotic progression. It is becoming apparent that the nuclear envelope defines not only nuclear organization but also that of the cytoskeleton and, in this way, integrates both nuclear and cytoplasmic architecture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stewart, Colin L -- Roux, Kyle J -- Burke, Brian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 30;318(5855):1408-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medical Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138668, Singapore.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytoplasm/physiology/ultrastructure ; Cytoskeleton/parasitology/physiology/ultrastructure ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/pathology/physiopathology ; Humans ; Lamins/genetics ; Mitosis ; Mutation ; Nuclear Envelope/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; Nuclear Lamina/physiology/ultrastructure ; Nuclear Pore/physiology/ultrastructure ; Signal Transduction ; Virus Diseases/metabolism/virology
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Fishes ; *Government Regulation ; Politics ; Population Dynamics ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2007-06-30
    Description: Drosophila melanogaster can make appropriate choices among alternative flight options on the basis of the relative salience of competing visual cues. We show that this choice behavior consists of early and late phases; the former requires activation of the dopaminergic system and mushroom bodies, whereas the latter is independent of these activities. Immunohistological analysis showed that mushroom bodies are densely innervated by dopaminergic axons. Thus, the circuit from the dopamine system to mushroom bodies is crucial for choice behavior in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Ke -- Guo, Jian Zeng -- Peng, Yueqing -- Xi, Wang -- Guo, Aike -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1901-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600217" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Axons/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; *Choice Behavior ; Cues ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Models, Animal ; Mushroom Bodies/*innervation/*physiology ; Mutation ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: Some Toll and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) provide immunity to experimental infections in animal models, but their contribution to host defense in natural ecosystems is unknown. We report a dominant-negative TLR3 allele in otherwise healthy children with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis. TLR3 is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), where it is required to control HSV-1, which spreads from the epithelium to the CNS via cranial nerves. TLR3 is also expressed in epithelial and dendritic cells, which apparently use TLR3-independent pathways to prevent further dissemination of HSV-1 and to provide resistance to other pathogens in TLR3-deficient patients. Human TLR3 appears to be redundant in host defense to most microbes but is vital for natural immunity to HSV-1 in the CNS, which suggests that neurotropic viruses have contributed to the evolutionary maintenance of TLR3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Shen-Ying -- Jouanguy, Emmanuelle -- Ugolini, Sophie -- Smahi, Asma -- Elain, Gaelle -- Romero, Pedro -- Segal, David -- Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa -- Lorenzo, Lazaro -- Puel, Anne -- Picard, Capucine -- Chapgier, Ariane -- Plancoulaine, Sabine -- Titeux, Matthias -- Cognet, Celine -- von Bernuth, Horst -- Ku, Cheng-Lung -- Casrouge, Armanda -- Zhang, Xin-Xin -- Barreiro, Luis -- Leonard, Joshua -- Hamilton, Claire -- Lebon, Pierre -- Heron, Benedicte -- Vallee, Louis -- Quintana-Murci, Lluis -- Hovnanian, Alain -- Rozenberg, Flore -- Vivier, Eric -- Geissmann, Frederic -- Tardieu, Marc -- Abel, Laurent -- Casanova, Jean-Laurent -- G0900867/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1522-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), U550, Faculty Necker, Paris 75015, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Line ; Child, Preschool ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/*genetics/*immunology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/immunology/metabolism/virology ; Genes, Dominant ; *Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Infant ; Interferons/biosynthesis ; Keratinocytes/immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology ; Mutation ; Poly I-C/pharmacology ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/chemistry/*deficiency/*genetics/physiology
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1786-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Asia ; Basidiomycota/genetics/growth & development/*pathogenicity ; Fungicides, Industrial ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, Plant ; Mutation ; Plant Diseases/*microbiology ; Plant Stems/microbiology ; Triticum/genetics/*microbiology
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 16;315(5818):1522-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; *Ice Cover ; Nesting Behavior ; Population Dynamics ; Snow ; *Spheniscidae ; Temperature
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1711.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; British Columbia/epidemiology ; *Copepoda ; Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology/mortality/*veterinary ; Extinction, Biological ; Fish Diseases/*epidemiology/mortality ; *Fisheries ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmon/parasitology
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Jennifer Y -- Engelman, Jeffrey A -- Cantley, Lewis C -- R01 GM041890/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):206-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School and Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Dimerization ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/*genetics ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; src Homology Domains
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corden, Jeffry L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1735-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. jcorden@jhmi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Polymerase II/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: How do integral membrane proteins evolve in size and complexity? Using the small multidrug-resistance protein EmrE from Escherichia coli as a model, we experimentally demonstrated that the evolution of membrane proteins composed of two homologous but oppositely oriented domains can occur in a small number of steps: An original dual-topology protein evolves, through a gene-duplication event, to a heterodimer formed by two oppositely oriented monomers. This simple evolutionary pathway can explain the frequent occurrence of membrane proteins with an internal pseudo-two-fold symmetry axis in the plane of the membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rapp, Mikaela -- Seppala, Susanna -- Granseth, Erik -- von Heijne, Gunnar -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1282-4. Epub 2007 Jan 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antiporters/*chemistry/genetics ; Cell Membrane/*chemistry ; Dimerization ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli/*chemistry/drug effects/genetics/growth & development ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Ethidium/pharmacology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Duplication ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goebel, Ted -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 12;315(5809):194-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Study of the First Americans, Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. goebel@tamu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; *Archaeology ; Asia ; Australia ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; *Fossils ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; *Paleontology ; Population Dynamics ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):592-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Buddhism ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Islam ; Nesting Behavior ; Population Dynamics ; Thailand ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):438-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Deer ; *Ecosystem ; Population Dynamics ; Populus/*growth & development ; *Wolves ; Wyoming
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: Elk (Cervus elaphus) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem alter patterns of aggregation, habitat selection, vigilance, and foraging in the presence of wolves (Canis lupus). Antipredator behaviors like these can reduce predation risk but are also likely to carry costs. Data from five elk populations studied for 16 site years showed that progesterone concentrations (from 1489 fecal samples) declined with the ratio of elk to wolves. In turn, progesterone concentrations were a good predictor of calf recruitment in the subsequent year. Together, these data suggest that wolves indirectly affect the reproductive physiology and the demography of elk through the costs of antipredator behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Creel, Scott -- Christianson, David -- Liley, Stewart -- Winnie, John A Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):960.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Montana State University, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. screel@montana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Deer/*physiology ; Ecosystem ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Feces ; Female ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; *Predatory Behavior ; Progesterone/metabolism ; Reproduction/*physiology ; *Wolves
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-12-08
    Description: About 25% of the world's fisheries are depleted such that their current biomass is lower than the level that would maximize the sustained yield (MSY). By using methods not previously applied in the fisheries conservation context, we show in four disparate fisheries (including the long-lived and slow-growing orange roughy) that the dynamic maximum economic yield (MEY), the biomass that produces the largest discounted economic profits from fishing, exceeds MSY. Thus, although it is theoretically possible that maximizing discounted economic profits may cause stock depletions, our results show there is a win-win: In many fisheries at reasonable discount rates and at current prices and costs, larger fish stocks increase economic profits. An MEY target that exceeds MSY and transfers from higher, future profits to compensate fishers for the transition costs of stock rebuilding would help overcome a key cause of fisheries overexploitation, industry opposition to lower harvests.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grafton, R Q -- Kompas, T -- Hilborn, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 7;318(5856):1601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Crawford School, Australian National University, Ellery Crescent, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. quentin.grafton@anu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Fisheries/*economics ; *Fishes ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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